Earthquake District Profile - Dhading OSOCC Assessment Cell 10.05.2015

This report is produced by the OSOCC Assessment Cell based on secondary data from multiple sources, including the Government of Nepal, UNDAC, United Nations Agencies, non-governmental organisation and media sources.

I. Situation Overview

Dhading is one of the worst affected districts as a result of the 7.8 earthquake that struck Nepal on 25 April. As of 11 May, 718 people had been reported killed in Dhading, and 702 people injured. Initial Government estimates suggested that 20,000 buildings have been completely destroyed in the district, and 15,000 buildings damaged (drrportal). According to initial assessment reports, in 21 VDCs 90% of houses have been damaged, in 18 VDCs 70% of houses have been damaged, and in the remaining 7 VDCs the damage was below 70% (Welthungerhilfe 01/05/2015). At time of writing, the 7.3 magnitude aftershock that struck on 12 May is not reported to have caused significant further damage to .

There was very limited road access to the northern VDCs even before the earthquake (WFP 08/05/2015) and the existing roads have been affected by landslides. As of 9 May the gravel road from Dhading Besi to Tripureshwor VDC via Katunje VDC was reportedly open. However only small vehicles (4 x 4 jeeps) were able to use the road (Logistics Cluster 09/05/2015). 46% of the district is located at an elevation of between 1000 and 3000 meters, and 13.4% of the area at an elevation of more than 3000 meters (University of Copenhagen 2005). In this latter area the road in Satyadevi is blocked because of a landslide and access to Darkha and Jalang VDCs in the mountainous areas has been affected. Jharlang, Sertu and Tipling in the mountainous North of the district also cannot be accessed. Affected VDCs close to along the Tribhuwan Highway in the southern part of the district reportedly experience a good supply of relief.

There is less detailed information on the post-earthquake situation in Dhading compared with some other districts. Challenges in quickly locating baseline information makes it difficult to compare damage to the pre- earthquake situation.

Reported number of people in need (multiple sources)

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Pre-crisis facts Post-earthquake situation Total population (2011) 336,067 (HH: 73,851) Estimated affected pop 91,000 Total number of VDCs 46 Total health facilities 53 Completely damaged health 28 facilities Source: DHO/DPHO, MoHD

Priorities for humanitarian intervention The priorities that have emerged from analysis of reported needs1 are:  Shelter

 Food  Health

II. Access to basic services Pre and Post- Earthquake Impact

FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS

Earthquake Impact There has been widespread loss of food stocks reported in the district’s northern VDCs, where a significant number of houses have been destroyed. Food stocks in the southern VDCs are also expected to have been affected (WFP 08/05/2015). Markets are showing signs of recovery in the southern part of the district, while in the north markets are still not functioning (WFP 08/05/2015). Reports from social media indicate that in the northern VDCs, food availability is an issue and supplies have been hindered by road blockages due to landslides. In the South the food supply is not considered as problematic and aid has been received

In Salyantar and VDCs (Budhathum is accessible only by hiking 4 hours) markets are disrupted and food supplies are limited. In Budhathum people report addressing the shortage of food by limiting their food intake (MTI 07/05/2015). MTI observed normal food consumption patterns in Dhola and Nalang VDCs (MTI 07/05/2015).

Affected Livestock and Poultry: House- Estimated Cattle pop Affected Buffalo pop Affected Total Sheep Goat pop Pig pop Fowl pop Duck Poultry holds pop-ulation cattle buffalo affected pop pop pop. pop pop. cattle & buffalo pop

73,851 336,067 131,976 6,599 111,136 5,557 12,156 6,102 147,128 21,964 922,315 7,773 930,088

Source: MoAD 05/05/2015 (Department of Livestock Services) Pre-Earthquake All VDCs in Dhading were classified as Minimally Food Insecure (IPC Phase 1) (WFP 2015). The main source of energy used for cooking is wood (Nepal 2011 census). The dominant livelihood activity is subsistence farming (WFP 27/04/2015). Agriculture is the main economic activity in Dhading, and it is widely supplemented by dairy production, fishing and tourism. While much of local farming is at a subsistence level, there is also some commercial orange growing in Charaundi Bazaar, and vegetables cultivated in the area bordering Kathmandu district. The district is one of the major vegetable-producing districts in central Nepal, producing 18,977 metric tons of fruit, 74,458 metric tons of vegetables, and 87,888 metric tons of grain in 2012/3 (IIED 11/2014).

1 These priorities have been determined by analyzing information received from a range of sources including assessment data, media, social media and crowd sourcing and reviewing how many times particular needs were mentioned.

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SHELTER

Earthquake Impact Shelter is considered a priority need, in particular with the monsoon season coming up in June. Stone and mud houses are the most affected by the earthquake (WFP 04/05/2015). In Bhumesthan VDC where reportedly 80-90% of the houses have been damaged, people are living nearby their homes in tents, and creating makeshift shelters with used corrugated iron sheets from their damaged/destroyed houses. Cooking utensils and space for cooking are limited (SCI 10/05/2015).

Pre-Earthquake 87% of the houses are mud-bonded and made of bricks or stone, and 12% are cement-bonded houses made of bricks or stone. 51% of the roofs are made of galvanized iron, 32% of title or slate, and 7% of thatch or straw (Nepal 2011 Census).

HEALTH

Earthquake Impact A significant number of health posts and sub health posts were destroyed or damaged in the earthquake.

Number of Health Facilities reported as damaged: Hospitals PHCC S/HP Ayurvedic Facilities Private and others

Completely Partially Completely Partially Completely Partially Completely Partially Completely Partially damaged damaged damaged damaged damaged damaged damaged damaged damaged damaged

1 2 28 18 1

Number of Hospitals and Health facilities pre-earthquake

1 5 47 unknown Unknown Sources: DHO/DPHO, MoHP 07/05/2015, Nepal 2011 Census

In 2 VDCs assessed by MTI, Dhola and Nalang, the numbers of patients being served by the health posts have now returned to pre-earthquake numbers (MTI 08/05/2015). Seriously injured patients have been referred to hospitals in Kathmandu for treatment (WHO 08/05/2015). In the northern VDCs, health facilities are mostly inaccessible (WFP 08/05/2015) and access to health care is described as constrained (Mercy Corps 08/05/2015). It is unclear how difficult access to healthcare was for people in remote communities before the earthquake. There is concern that the high number of displaced people living closely together without sufficient health or WASH facilities nearby will lead to an outbreak of infectious diseases (UNICEF 28/04/2015). In the 2 VDCS visited by MTI only one reported an increased incidence of diarrhea (Nalang) however this was being managed at the health post. At Dhola there is no water supply at the health post and staff need to walk 20- 30 minutes to collect water (MTI 08/05/2015). Pre-Earthquake The 2012/2013 Health Statistics show that the diarrheal disease incidence per 1000 was 670 (DHS 2013). The following morbidity numbers for Communicable, Water/Food Borne were reported: Typhoid Acute Gastroenteritis Amoebic Baccilary Presumed Cholera Intestinal Jaundice (Enteric Dysentery Dysentry non- worms and Fever) infectious Infective diarrhoea Hepatitis

15835 4585 8629 3680 11376 34 6850 1289

Source: DHS 2013

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WATER SANITATION HYGIENE

Earthquake Impact Three water infrastructure projects in the district are reported to have been damaged in the earthquake (UNICEF 28/04/2015). Reports on access to water are mixed. There is limited access to safe drinking water and very limited access to toilets in most VDCs outside of Dhading Besi (WFP 08/05/2015). While in the VDCs visited by MTI (Dhola, Nalang, Budhathum and Salyantar) water supplies are fully operational with little change since the earthquake. Low sanitation coverage pre-earthquake (see below) may imply that open defecation was practiced however significant improvements in achieving Open Defecation Free (ODF) communities has taken place in some areas since 2011. As there is limited information on living conditions, it is unknown what the implications will be as a result of the earthquake (MTI 08/05/2015 and 07/05/2015). In Kiranchowk, there is access to drinking water. In Baireni and Bhumisthan around 50% of WASH infrastructure, such as water taps and toilets, are damaged. The water source in Bhumisthan has drained and in some areas it is polluted and contaminated which could be attributed to the increase in open defecation practice (SCI 10/05/2015).

Pre-Earthquake The Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) reported in 2011 that in Dadhing 69.3% of the population had access to a water source, while 51.4% had access to sanitation. The main sources of water were public taps (88.6%) with private taps (3.2%) and springs (8.2%) making up the remaining sources (DWSS 03/2011).

EDUCATION

Earthquake Impact According to an initial report by UNICEF, up to 70% of the schools in the district were damaged in the earthquake, affecting 70,000 school children (UNICEF 28/04/2015). About 50% of schools have been completely destroyed. The Department of Education has closed all schools in the affected districts until 14 May, pending safety evaluation of the school buildings (Local media 05/05/2015). The new school year had started mid-April and the intention is to get children back to school as soon as possible. In Bhumistan, 13 out of 14 schools have been deemed as completely destroyed. The remaining school has severe cracks and school management is unwilling to use the buildings (SCI 10/05/2015).

Pre-Earthquake The literacy rate in the district (percentage of people who can read and write) in 2011 was 47%. Data from 2013 shows that the district had 566 Early Childhood Development facilities, 653 primary schools, 243 lower secondary schools, 143 secondary and 54 higher secondary schools. The average school attendance rate (Grade 1 – 5) in 2012 was 76.3%, and the net enrolment rate (Grad 1 -5) was 97.4% in 2013 (Nepal Nutrition and Food Security Portal 2015).

PROTECTION Earthquake Impact Female-headed households and households headed by an older person will be at a disadvantage in terms of clearing rubble, salvaging materials and repairing their homes (CARE 29/04/2015). They may also be at a disadvantage if they have to travel to collect relief materials. Lack of safe WASH services for women and girls increases protection risks. This should be considered in programming however at this stage there is not sufficient information on the situation to clearly identify if women and girls are at risk.

Pre-Earthquake 28% of the households are female-headed households, and 35% of households are headed by a man older than 50 years old. Child marriage is prevalent in Dhading. 62% of those married were under the age of 19 when they entered into their first marriage (Nepal Census 2011).

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Dhading is predominantly Hindu (72.4%), but is also home to a significant minority Buddhist population (20.6%). Christians (6.3%) and smaller groups of people adhering to other religions are also present (Nepal census 2011).

Communication: Radio is the main way people receive information in Budhathum and Salyantar VDCs (MTI 07/05/2015). In Dhola and Nalang main information sources are community leaders and through phone calls (MTI 08/05/2015).

III. Humanitarian and operational constraints Communications, road access and electricity have been disrupted in the district (Nepal Red Cross 02/05/2015). The northern-most VDCs lack road access (WFP 08/05/2015). Baseri VDC, with 859 households and reported to be severely affected, is not accessible by road (Welthungerhilfe 01/05/2015). Two bridges have been damaged, creating challenges in accessing seven VDCs. Landslides have further hampered relief efforts (UNICEF 28/04/2015). There are reports that a truck carrying relief items was looted (Welthungerhilfe 01/05/2015).

IV. Information gaps A clear picture of the situation in the VDCs is still lacking, and the situation within VDCs can be very diverse. The priority sectors, Shelter, Food and Health require further investigation, as does the earthquake impact on potentially vulnerable groups in the district.

By 12 May, the district and individual VDCs had been covered by assessments as follows:

Information gaps by VDC no information Agnichok Goganpani Khari Satyadevi Baseri Gumdi Mulpani Semjong Benighat Jogimara Phulkarka Sunaulabazar Dhussa Jyamarung Salang Thakre Kalleri Salyankot Gajuri Katunje Sangkosh

VDC Town/ Information VDC Town/ Information village village Baireni  Most houses Budhath  Access from Salyantar by 4 damaged um hour hike  50% of water taps  Roads were closed as of 2 and toilets May, but rubble removal destroyed was underway  Most houses completely destroyed or damaged  Some families limiting food intake  Markets disrupted, food availability limited Bhume  Up to 90% houses Chainpu  Most households destroyed sthan damaged, shelter r or uninhabitable materials needed  No road access  13,983 people  Water supply and mobile affected network operational  contaminated water  Markets not functioning as due to open of 8 May defectation and  Reports that food supply limited toilets rapidly running out, and identified as issues families limiting food intake  electricity disrupted for fear of running out in 2 for 300HHs weeks  bedding materials needed  diarrhea reported  13 out of 14 schools

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destroyed Chhatr  Not assessed but Dharka  Not assessed but identified edyaur identified as as priority for shelter, as ali needing shelter by well as most seriously district authorities affected by district authorities

Dhola  200 houses Jeewanp  Not assessed but identified damaged, people ur as priority for shelter, as staying outside well as most seriously without tents affected by district  40 HHs reported authorities insufficient food, and others estimate having enough food for 2-4 weeks  heavy loss of livestock  safe drinking water not available  health post onsite with health assistant  accessible by 4x4 Jharlan  Not assessed but Kewalpu  Not assessed but identified as g identified as priority r needing shelter by district for shelter, as well authorities as most seriously affected by district authorities

Khalte  Not assessed but Kirancho  Identified as having identified as most k potential medical needs by seriously affected district authorities by district  Access to drinking water authorities available  150 lactating women identified  animal carcasses

Kumpu Bhaisi  All 41 HH damaged, Lapa  70-80% of all houses r Pokha need shelter destroyed n  No food shortage, but  people living in makeshift problem of storage shelters or in open  Water tank damaged  landslides preventing  VDC is identified as people from descending most seriously affected areas where aid more by district authorities accessible  full VDC affected by either lack of shelter or lack of food  seed stocks have been lost  remaining food stocks pulled from rubble are contaminated with debris  up to 40% of livestock has died  several cases of diarrhea and pneumonia reported  nearest market is 1.5 days walk at Dharkha, blocked by landslides  local hospital has 2 weeks supplies

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Mahad  Not assessed but Maidi  100 houses totally evstha identified as having collapsed n potential medical  most of population is living needs by district outdoor in tents authorities  food is scarce  water supply available  7 out of 16 schools damaged

Marpak  Not assessed but Muralibh Jyami  Building materials and identified as most anjyang re technical assistance seriously affected by requested to build better district authorities homes  Stored seeds lost Nalang Bhanj  8500 people Naubise  Not assessed but identified yang  medicine, shelter, as having potential medical Thati dry food and salt and food assistance needs Sunda requested by district authorities ripani  police advise military escort in case of angry population Nilkant Dhadi  Mobile networks Pida  Not assessed but identified ha ng and electricity as having potential medical Besi operational needs by district authorities  Limited toilet facilities  Some HHs concerned about food supply  No cover for grain storage Ree  Not assessed but Salyanta Salya  Most buildings completely identified as most r ntar destroyed or severely seriously affected by town damaged district authorities  Markets and shops disrupted, food supply is limited  Regular water supply unaffected, though purification may be needed Sertun Not assessed but identified Tasarpu  Not assessed but identified as g as most seriously affected needing shelter by district by district authorities authorities

Tipling Not assessed but identified Tripures Not assessed but identified as most as most seriously affected wor seriously affected by district by district authorities authorities Sources: ACTED, INF, GIZ, Mercy Corps, Save the Children Tearfund, UNDAC, UNICEF, WFP

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IV. Pre-crisis Indicators

Indicator Dhading National Population number (2011) 336,067 (HH: 73,851) 26,494,504 Gender disaggregation 53% female 51.5% female Age disaggregation 0 to 4 yrs: 9% 0 to 4 yrs: 9.7% 5 to 19 yrs: 37.2% 5 to 19 yrs: 36.3% 20 – 59 yrs: 43.1% 20 to 59 yrs: 45.9% 60+ yrs: 10.8% 60+ yrs: 5.3% Population density 174.49 ppl/sq.km 180.01 ppl/sq. km Average household size 4.55 4.88 People with disabilities Male: 2.8 Male: 2.2% Female: 2% Female: 1.7% Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.86 69 Measles vaccination coverage for 86% 88% infants Malnutrition prevalence MAM: 12.3 MAM: 8.7 SAM: 2.7 SAM: 2.7 HDI 0.461 0.490 Literacy rate: Male: 71% Male: 75% Female: 55.7% Female: 57% Main source of energy for cooking Wood: 85% Urban: Liqui. petrol gas: 68.2%; Liquid petrol gas: 10.2% Wood: 25.9% Bio gas: 4% Rural: wood: 73.1%; Cow dung: 12.5% Main source of energy for lighting Electricity: 62.6% Electricity: 67.7% Kerosene: 19.3% Kerosene:18.4% Access to improved drinking water 84.5% 85.9% source % of households with toilets 70% Urban: 90.1% Rural: 54.3% Main religions Hinduism: 72.4% Hinduism: 81.5% Buddhism: 20.6% Buddhism: 9.1% Christianity: 6.3% Islam: 4.4% Source: Nepal Census 2011, Nepal Human Development Report 2014

OSOCC OCHA Assessment Cell

The OSOCC Assessment Cell is composed of members of UNDAC, OCHA, ACAPS and volunteers from UNDP, WHO, ODA, Ministry of Health, WFP, World Bank) Feedback: [email protected]

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