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Number 38, June 2002 Numéro 38, Juin 2002 http://www.icaci.org 26343 ICA N/L Cover/TEXT Jun02 24/6/02 11:42 AM Page 3
ICA Executive Committee ICA Executive Takashi Morita Michael Peterson Vice-president Maps and the Internet Committee Department of Civil Engineering [email protected] Bengt Rystedt Hosei University Kira Shingareva President 3-7-2 Kajinocho, Koganei-shi National Land Survey Planetary Cartography 184-8485 Tokyo Japan SE-801 82 Gavle, Sweden [email protected] [email protected] University of Gavle SE-801 76 Gavle, Sweden Sjef van der Steen Alberta Auringer Wood [email protected] Map Production Vice-president [email protected] Ferjan Ormeling Memorial University of Newfoundland Secretary-General St.John's, Newfoundland Dr A.F.Tatham Faculty of Geographical Sciences Canada A1B 3Y1 Maps and Graphics for Blind and Visually Utrecht University [email protected] Impaired People P.O.Box 80115 [email protected] 3508 TC Utrecht Michael Wood Vladimir Tikunov The Netherlands Past-president Education and Training [email protected] Department of Geography University of Aberdeen [email protected] Elphinstone Rd, Kirsi Virrantaus Timothy Trainor Vice-president Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland National and Regional Atlases Helsinki University of Technology United Kingdom [email protected] Department of Surveying [email protected] P.O.Box 1200 Robert Weibel FIN-02015 HUT Generalisation Finland ICA Commission Chairs Jacqueline M. Anderson [email protected] [email protected] Cartography and Children [email protected] Alexander Wolodtschenko Milan Konecny Theoretical Cartography Vice-president Roger Anson [email protected] Department of Geography Publications Faculty of Science, Masaryk University [email protected] Kotlarska 2 Please send contributions to: 611 37 Brno Eva K.-Blum A/Prof Graciela Metternicht, Editor, Gender and Cartography Czech Republic [email protected] ICA News [email protected] Department of Spatial Sciences Christopher Board Curtin University of Technology Li Li History of Cartography GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845 Vice-president [email protected] National Geomatics Center of China Western Australia State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Tim Davis Email: [email protected] 1 Baishengcun Zi Zhu Yuan Census Cartography Fax: +61-8-9266 2703 [email protected] Beijing Ftp: alpha.cage.curtin.edu.au P.R.China Ron Furness Login and pwd: [email protected] Marine Cartography engftp Directory: /graciela/ICA/incoming [email protected] Elri Liebenberg Vice-president Lorenz Hurni University of South Africa Mountain Cartography Department of Geography and [email protected] Cover: ‘ Flower World’, by József Bodor Environmental Studies (11 years) from Hungary. One of winners of the Serge Le Blanc P.O.Box 392 1999 Barbara Petchenik Children's Global Mapping from Satellite Imagery Pretoria 0003 Map Competition, International Cartographic [email protected] South Africa Conference, Ottawa. [email protected] Alan MacEachren Visualisation and Virtual Environments Robert McMaster [email protected] Vice-president Department of Geography Harold Moellering University of Minnesota Spatial Data Standards 414 Social Sciences Building [email protected] 267-19th Avenue South Mineapolis, MN 55455 Ammatzia Peled United States WG Incremental Updating and Versioning [email protected] [email protected] ICA NEWS June 2002 26343 ICA N/L Cover/TEXT Jun02 24/6/02 11:42 AM Page 6
Dispatches Editorial Obituary his issue of the Newsletter pays In Memoriam Ferdinand Jan homage to one of the greatest Ormeling (1912-2002) cartographers of the 1900s, A very special man, one of the great T Dispatches Ferdinand Ormeling. Sadly, he passed geographers and cartographers of our time - away on the 1st May 2002, leaving such known to many as ‘Mr ICA’ - died on 1 a large number of achievements and May 2002. Not a moment of his often contributions to the world of Cartography hyperactive life was wasted as he expanded and Geography, that it has been difficult his knowledge of the World and its people. to find an eager colleague prepared to This genuinely charismatic man shared describe his fruitful life within the short time available before the publication of himself constantly through teaching, this issue. Special thanks for this to organisation and leadership, influencing Michael Wood who accepted the challenge others and helping change things for the of summarizing Ferdinand’s hyperactive better. His powerful intellect and special life for us. capacity for building bridges of friendship F.J.Ormeling Sen. The large number of topics to report on were in evidence throughout his life. the 20th ICC held in Beijing impeded the Born on 12 April 1912, his early intellectual and personal qualities. Full inclusion of the accounts of post-conference childhood was spent in Amsterdam and in recognition of this came in 1950 when he trips enjoyed by some of our colleagues in nearby Hilversum, where he experienced was appointed (at the young age of 37) as the December issue. Therefore, in this some of the difficulties, if not the damage, Newsletter Lorenz Hurni share with us the Head of the Institute, with almost 50 associated with WW1. After completing fantastic Xian to Tibet excursion, and employees. The work evolved to include not elementary studies at Hilversum High Ferjan Ormeling reports on a visit to the only small-scale mapping and increasingly School he attended the State University of Aerophotogrammetry and Remote Sensing important geographical surveys of the Utrecht to read geography and history and Bureau of China Coal in Xian. country but also the education and training went on to teach at grammar schools in The Local Organising Committee of of the staff of the Indonesian Topographic Hilversum and The Hague. The Netherlands the ICC 2003 provides information on Service. were invaded early in WW2 and this deadlines for the call for papers and During the years that followed he themes of the Durban Conference. painful occupation continued until developed his knowledge of the country, in Colleagues are advised to regularly check liberation in 1945. As a member of the the Conference’s website at Dutch Army, and true to his own character, particular the Island of Timor (almost twice www.icc2003.gov.za for the latest news. Ormeling refused to succumb and joined the size of the Netherlands) which became a focus of research into ethnic and socio- As usual, several ICA Commissions the underground movement. economic factors. His pioneering study, report on their activities and the The War also affected the Netherlands’ ‘The Timor Problem, a Geographical organisation of workshops. Our ‘Special Indonesian colonies where the Pacific Interpretataion of an underdeveloped Feature’ section includes an article on the conflicts had profound effect. In 1945, at island’, not only gained him a Doctorate of presentation of old maps on the Internet, the end of the Japanese occupation, Social Sciences from the University of a notice on the completion of the Basic Ormeling was sent, as part of an Cartography Series, and summaries of Indonesia, but, on publication, it became a expeditionary force, to restore order to that the papers presented by the recipients of best-seller. troubled land. During the ensuing war-filled the 20th ICC Beijing Travel Awards. years, as a geographer/cartographer he was By the end of his 20-year Indonesian As you know, a limited number of ICA sojourn in 1955 he had demonstrated Travel scholarships are granted to young transferred from field activities to become unequivocally his intellectual abilities in cartographers of developing countries for part of the new Geographical Institute geography and mapping, his facility for assistance and presentation of work at the (formed in 1947 as part of the former International Cartographic Conferences of government mapping organisation) in the organisation and leadership and his capacity the ICA. So we like to share with you capital, Batavia (Jakarta). Here he was for work. He had also developed a deep their research work. involved in many important cartographic understanding of the people of developing I hope you enjoy the contents of this and geographical projects. With countries and their problems. issue and look forward to receiving your independence in 1949 most of the Dutch His return home, at the age of only 43, contributions for the next Newsletter. returned to Europe, but not Ormeling. The was to herald a new phase in his life. Graciela Metternicht fact that he was asked, by those who had Having joined J.B.Wolters of Groningen, Editor previously been foes, to remain and his major work would lie within continue his work (in office and field), is cartography, especially the modernisation of convincing evidence of his special their main atlas products. (Cont. over page)
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Until 1963 he was fully employed by the Eduard Imhof’s presidency, and Academy of Sciences, The Polish company but continued thereafter as an enthusiastically accepted election to the Geographical Society, and the ITC itself, expert consultant. He not only edited nine position of Secretary/Treasurer at the The British Cartographic Society Medal editions of the Grote Bosatlas and six London/Edinburgh Conference and General and, in 1987, the Carl Mannerfelt Medal.
Dispatches editions of the Kleene Bosatlas but oversaw Assembly (1964). The next technical In 1978 he was appointed ‘Knight of the major changes in level of collaboration conference took place three years later in Order of the Netherlands Lion’ by the between users (teachers) and producers, in Amsterdam under his directorship and is Queen of the Netherlands. map style, content and design, as well as in believed to have established a new informal Although he missed the first ICA improvements in effectiveness and economy and friendly family atmosphere which would General Assembly in Paris, 1961 through of production. However, in parallel with become commonplace at future events. His work, he attended every other Technical these outstanding achievements he would pro-active and energetic 12-year support of Conference and General Assembly between also begin to develop (in his ‘spare time’!) Presidents Thackwell, Salitchtchev and 1962 and 1987, and continued as a regular his facility to motivate colleagues and Robinson is now legendary, supported most visitor at ICA after his official stimulate links within geography and generously by ITC. He was elected responsibilities came to an end. He was, mapping, at home and abroad. The first President in Moscow (1976) and proceeded sadly, unable to attend the ICC 2001 in result was a new Cartographic Section in the through two strong terms, ably supported by Beijing, China, but love and respect Royal Netherlands Geographical Society Olof Hedbom as Secretary/Treasurer, ending radiated from the international audience at (which he chaired until 1968) and he also in Perth, Australia in 1984. At his final the opening ceremony when he sent his helped consolidate the many cartographic Conference/General Assembly in Morelia he video greeting. groups within the Netherlands into The presented his personal record of ICA His passing has undoubtedly left a Dutch Cartographic Society in 1975. He entitled ‘ICA 1959-1984: The First Twenty- painful gulf in the lives of many, especially became the first President (1967-71) of the five Years of the International Cartographic his dear wife, Rini (often described as the new enlarged Royal Netherlands Association’. His own 20-year period as a ‘Queen of ICA’ for her own outstanding Geographical Society (now incorporating senior office-holder saw the introduction of support for him and our Association), and many small geographical associations). many significant changes, relating to the children Piet, Hein, Ferjan, Ina, and Between 1967 and 1984 he was a major Commissions, Working Groups, statutes, etc. Erik, Sonja and Roger. Apart from his great representative of both the Netherlands and A special example was the establishment of circle of ICA friends the other special the ICA on the UN Group of Experts on a medal for ICA’s highest distinction in people who will always treasure his Geographical Names and chaired the recognition of the Swedish initiator of the memory are his students in the Netherlands Working Group on Education and Training ICA, Carl Mannerfelt. His personal and across the World. However our friend in Toponymy. experience of working for ICA was also and colleague Fer Ormeling has left much memorable, punctuated by such as travel Although his atlas consultancy work more than a memory. This was a truly mishaps, a near fatal car crash in West continued after departure from Wolters, charismatic man, described by friends as ‘a Africa and a scary encounter (accompanied he was appointed in 1964 as Professor of demanding organiser’, ‘a fascinating by John Bartholomew) in the bullring at the Economic Geography at the University of speaker and entertainer’, and ‘a talented Madrid Conference of 1974! Amsterdam and established a Research linguist… with a good sense of humour’. Institute in the subject. In 1971 he was Not surprisingly Ormeling has a long This writer will always remember the appointed Professor at ITC following the and distinguished list of publications warmth of his company, his ever-present Institute’s transfer from Delft to Enschede. extending from his Doctoral Thesis. It smile and the twinkle in his eye. A There he established and became Head of includes papers, books and atlases and fundamental law of physics states that the new Department of Cartography. echoes the many changes which have taken energy cannot be destroyed, only changed He had already noted the demise of place during these turbulent years of in form. The energy released by Ferdinand J. traditional cartography with the rise of the cartography in the second half of the Ormeling during his dynamic life of quantitative revolution in Geography in the twentieth century. His retirement years were creativity, guidance and leadership, is thus 1960s and ensured that the new ITC only slightly less busy than before as he still active within people and organisations department was fully equipped with the continued to research, publish and accept throughout the world today. His was a life latest computer facilities. speaking engagements. that truly made a difference. During his early years with Wolters, His own lifetime of achievement has Ormeling (with Cornelius Koeman) led key been awarded on many occasions, examples discussions about the proposed being Honorary Membership of the Dutch M. Wood establishment of the ICA, which eventually Cartographic Society, Membre d’Honneur Acknowledgements: Hedbom, O, Bohme, R, took place in Bern in 1959. He was a firm de la Societé de Géographie de France, 1989, ‘Ferdinand J Ormeling: a Biography’, in supporter of its founding principles which Honorary Fellowships of the Australian ‘Cartography, Past, Present and Future’, Rhind, emerged during the first five years under Institute of Cartographers, The Hungarian D W, and Taylor, D R F, Eds. Elsevier, 1989.
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21st ICC
21st International 17. Theoretical cartography. Abstracts should be mailed to the following 18. Map generalization. address: Cartographic 19. Handling time and space in cartography. Prof H L Zietsman ICC2003 Conference and 12th 20. Research and development, new mapping Department of Geography and systems and products. 21st ICC General Assembly of Environmental Studies the ICA in Durban, 21. Mapping from satellite imagery. University of Stellenbosch 22. Maps and the Internet, location-based Private Bag X1 South Africa services, mobile mapping and other new MATIELAND 7602 The 21st ICC and 12th General Assembly technologies and navigation systems South Africa of the ICA will take place in Durban, South particularly for the developing world. Fax: +27 21 808-2405 Africa from 10-16 August 2003. The venue 23. History of cartography. Tel: +27 12 808-3102/3218 will be the world-class Durban International E-mail: [email protected] 24. Cartography and children. Convention Centre which is situated near Website: icc2003.gov.za Durban’s central business district, minutes 25. Gender and cartography. from hotels and beaches and 15 minutes from 26. Census cartography. Local Organising Committee the Durban International Airport. 27. Papers are also welcome on other topics The members of the LOC responsible for the various portfolios are as follows: Conference Themes of international interest to cartographers The overall theme is Cartographic and the GI-community, such as Spatial Chair: Derek Clarke Renaissance which should be explored under Decision Support Systems, ([email protected]) the following broad sub-themes: Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Vice Chair and African Involvement: Image Analysis. 1. Challenges and solutions of geographical Lindisizwe Magi data capturing for developing countries. Call for Papers ([email protected]) 2. Spatial data sharing for a developing The LOC (Local Organising Committee) Treasurer: Ken Lester ([email protected]) world. invites abstracts for papers in the technical Technical programme: Larry Zietsman 3. Spatial data standards and spatial data programme. Send an abstract, In English, of ([email protected]) infrastructures. 300-500 words in length, indicating the Workshops: Antony Cooper theme(s) to which it is addressed, as an 4. Map production, including new national ([email protected]) attached MS Word or Word Perfect file. Use mapping initiatives Commercial Exhibition: Chris Carter A4 size paper (21 x 29.7cm) with 4cm top ([email protected]) 5. Management of spatial data – Spatial data and bottom margins, 3 cm side margins. warehousing and large databases. Centre the title in bold capital letters as the Cartographic Exhibition: Magda Roos 6. Organizational and policy issues for first item, followed by a vertical space and ([email protected]) sustainable development. then the name(s) of the authors. Type the Marketing and PR: Ray Wilkinson 7. Spatial information and the Law. affiliation and address (type as it should ([email protected]) 8. Visualization and visual environments, appear on a mail envelope) immediately Registration: Henrich du Plessis animation, virtual reality and cartography. below each author’s name. Immediately below ([email protected]) the last line, authors are encouraged (but not 9. National and Regional Atlases Conference facilities: Mark van den Bergh required to) to include a fax number and/or e- ([email protected]) 10. Applied cartography and GIS in mail address. After skipping two lines, the development programmes and projects – Social Events, Accompanying Persons: body of the abstract should be typed with showing development spatially. Mariana ([email protected]) single line spacing and no indentation of 11. Geo-informatics and global problems, paragraphs. Contact details including management of disasters and For any information or to have your name risks. Important Dates added to the mailing list for ICC2003: 31 October 2002: The LOC must receive all 12. Geo-informatics in natural and human Postal address: abstracts resource applications. ICC 2001 13. Mapping of special environments, 31 January 2003: Potential participants will Private Bag X10 including marine cartography, mountain be notified by whether their paper for either a MOWBRAY 7705 cartography, planetary cartography. verbal or a poster presentation has been South Africa accepted. 14. Geo-informatics and tourism. Fax:+27 21 689-1351 15. Geo-informatics and the challenged, 30 April 2003: The full paper to be published E-mail: [email protected] including maps and graphics for Blind and in the conference proceedings must be Website: http:// www.icc2003.gov.za Visually-Impaired People. received by. Only papers received by this date will be included in the conference 16. Education and training, particularly needs Elri Liebenberg proceedings. and resources of developing communities. Vice President: ICA
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ICC 2001 Post-conference ICC 2001 post- Within two years, 320 000 km of roads were still supervised by monks. The tall Buddha compiled. In the photogrammetry department, figures, the different shrines with the bones of conference excursion 400 persons (90% women) are occupied with late Dalai Lamas and other relics, three- to Xian and Tibet the stereo-compilation and control of dimensional Mandalas and the residence of
ICC Report From Beijing to Xian photogrammetric data for later use in GIS. the Dalai Lamas in the upper floors are very After the 20th ICC in Beijing, 42 They work in two shifts in large, well- impressive. From the roof, which is covered cartographers went on an excursion to Xian equipped halls. Mostly, current software with golden shrines, one enjoys a phenomenal and Tibet. After a two-hour flight from packages like ArcView, Microstation and view of Lhasa with its 200 000 inhabitants as Beijing, the group arrived at the old Photoshop are used. Images with a scale of well as on the valley of the Kyichu river. emperor’s city of Xian in the province of 1:10000 are scanned using the Vexcel The Jokhang in the old town of Lhasa is Shaanxi. Xian with its 5 million inhabitants Scanner. Mosaics of 400 pictures are the most important sanctuary in Tibetan has an entirely preserved, historic city wall assembled and corrected with Photoshop. Buddhism. It is surrounded by the Barkhor around the city centre with a total length of Whenever possible, fully automatic digital valley. The pilgrims encircle it clockwise, the approximately 15 km length, dating from stereo-compilation of contour lines is used. most sporting of them even measure the way 1370. The highlight of every visit to Xian is The results are manually corrected on screen with their own body length! Again, the temple the excavation site of the famous Terracotta in stereo mode. Data is stored in a brand-new contains beautiful Buddha statues and shrines. soldiers. They were found by chance in 1975 "Geonetwork-Centre" consisting of several Thousands of lamps produce a special while digging a fountain. The 6000, originally SUN servers. Guests and workers must carry spiritual atmosphere in the building. Yak painted, life-size soldiers belonged to the dust protection clothes and shoes in that area! butter serves as fuel for the lamps, it is grave of emperor Qin Shihuang (approx. 200 The office is accommodated in a very modern evaporated and covers all walls, the ceiling, BC). However, some years later the grave was and fully air-conditioned building. The whole the floors and the furniture! The old town of looted. All figures were destroyed and only campus covers about 1 km2 and comprises Lhasa has become much smaller during the sedimented pieces are left. Since 1975 the also an own school, a kindergarten, a last years due to extensive demolitions. figures are being restored and set up again in restaurant, staff accommodations and a However, in recent years, some historic the original configuration. The grave field hospital. buildings were renovated with foreign measures approximately 200 x 600 m and is From Xian to Lhasa support. The same applies to some of the covered by three enormous halls. After a stopover at Xining (province of thousands of monasteries destroyed during the cultural revolution. They are now rebuilt Visit of the Shaanxi Bureau of Qinghai, 2000 m above sea level) the group with government aid. A big problem in the Surveying and Mapping in flew directly to Tibet, crossing the enormous old town of Lhasa is the waste water disposal. Xian Lake of Qinghai and the plateau of Qinghai Only rudimental sewerage seems to exist, This mapping agency is the largest of its and north-eastern Tibet with the numerous with obvious hygienic effects. kind in China. In the province of Shaanxi, the salt lakes. The landing at Gonggar airport was bureau is responsible for all works in the quite adventurous, one believes to land Along the Tsangpo to Shigatse areas of geodesy/GPS, cartography, cadastre, directly in the enormous flood plain of the The next day we travelled to Shigatse, the photogrammetry. It employs about 2000 river Tsangpo (Brahmaputra). The trip to second largest city of Tibet, and 300 km away persons, with 140 senior and 400 junior Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, lasted from Lhasa. In small buses we drove along engineers in 8 departments. For 20 years the approximately 1_ hours by bus. On the way, the Tsangpo westward on bumpy road and office produces maps and atlases. There are we crossed the Tsangpo river on the first through wild gorges. We could observe several international co-operations, for bridge built in Tibet. natives crossing the river in a traditional boat instance with the USGS, and other institutions The first impression of Lhasa was that of made of yak's skin. After the ravine, the in France and Japan. 50 employees obtained a a modern city. The western and northern parts valley widens and it is again characterised by degree from a western engineering school. of the city consist of relatively new, but rather a large flooding plain and numerous grain and The enterprise disposes of very modern ugly buildings, many of them have military rape fields. The soil erosion seems to be a big equipment. The GPS technology is used to a purposes. The Potala palace majestically problem in Tibet. On some of the slopes, even large extent. The office established a road overlooks the city – an overwhelming view! small deserts can be seen. Like Lhasa, data base in the scale of 1:50 000. It was also In accordance with Tibetan custom, every Shigatse is divided in a new Chinese part and involved in the restitution of the height of Mt. group member was greeted with the in a Tibetan old town. Shigatse is dominated Everest, in numerous engineering surveying obligatory ribbons of luck when arriving in by Tashilunpo monastery, the seat of the projects, in geodetic reference measurements the hotel. The first day was mainly dedicated Panchen Lama, the second most important and in agricultural, forestry and cadastral to the acclimatisation, since Lhasa is situated Lama in Tibet. The monastery is considered a applications. Presently, a province-wide GIS at 3750 m above sea level. The height caused "state model monastery". However, some based on 6000 map sheets 1:10 000 is built pains like headache, nausea, swindle, high cheerful novices were very eager to play with up. Flooding areas of the yellow river are also pulse, etc. to almost all participants. On the our secular digital cameras! On the return trip covered, including possibilities for animated second day we could visit the Potala, the to Lhasa, a short excursion on a adventurous visualisation. In the geomatics department, former winter palace and seat of the Dalai mountain road up to the 4700 m high pass the compilation of road data by GPS for the Lama. Today, the angled and somber palace is Kampa Lha was undertaken. We enjoyed the whole of China is currently being done. a state museum visited by many tourists, but thousands of prayer flags on the pass and the
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view on the beautiful Yamdrok lake. For some Museum of Ethnology at Zurich and ICA, government, approx. 15 Mil. US$ were years, this natural reservoir is now used for Lorenz Hurni of ETH Zurich presented two invested in reconstruction. To cover the roofs hydroelectric power production. Some group copies of the historic town plans of Lhasa to of the shrines, 48 kg of gold were applied! members had also the opportunity to sit on the the director. The maps were compiled in 1947 \Today, approximately one third of the
back of a real, stubborn yak! by Peter Aufschnaiter and Heinrich Harrer buildings is reconstructed. The monastery Report ICC ("Seven Years in Tibet"). One of the maps with its 300 monks lies beautifully in a saddle Visit of the Tibetan Bureau of even contains the names of all former property and it is a real oasis of peace and spirituality. Surveying and Mapping in owners of the historic city center of Lhasa, The flight back to Beijing led over the Lhasa written in beautiful Tibetan letters. As the Gongga Shan mountains (7556 m) in western On the last day in Lhasa, the group was director assured us overjoyedly, both copies Sichuan, an area where Eduard Imhof carried offered the opportunity to visit the "Tibetan will get a suitable place in the library of the out extensive route mapping during the Bureau of Surveying and Mapping". With office. thirties. Unfortunately, the place was covered only 50 employees (4 senior and 8 junior by monsoon clouds. Our short journey to Farewell from Tibet engineers), it is the smallest of its kind in Tibet offered unique cultural and regional After the tour to the mapping office, most China. Fifty percent of the staff members are impressions, and some participant will participants visited the Norbulingka, the Tibetans. It seemed, that most of the probably return to this land of dreams. employees are working in geodesy and only a summer palace of the Dalai Lama, and the A photo gallery of the excursion can be handful in cartography. The systematic monasteries Drepung and Sera near Lhasa. found on the web-site of the ICA Commission mapping of Tibet started only after 1959. Some Swiss participants preferred to visit on Mountain Cartography: Before, there was no mapping office in Tibet. Ganden monastery, situated approximately 45 http://www.karto.ethz.ch/ica-cmc In 1975, the extensive mapping of Tibet in the km east of Lhasa at 4300 m above sea level. scale of 1:100 000 was concluded. We sighted Before 1959, Ganden was the largest Lorenz Hurni some of these maps, they are kept in a monastery of Tibet with approx. 3000 monks. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) reduced colour scale (mainly black and blue). During the cultural revolution it was entirely Zurich, Switzerland For some areas, also maps in the scales 1:50 destroyed. Rebuilding of the monastery begun Chairman of the ICA Commission on 000, 1:25 000 and 1:10 000 were compiled. only in the 80’s. According to the Mountain Cartography The bureau exists only since 1976. According to director Ci Ren Tu Deng, the Chinese government has invested large amounts of money in mapping of Tibet, because geodata are important for the economic development of the country. Particularly, the office is supported within the framework of the project "development of the western regions". It is also regularly assisted by other Chinese province mapping agencies. Nevertheless, the office is too small to cover all needs of the "autonomous region" which has about the same surface as France. However, digital map production methods were introduced recently, but only two engineers are responsible for this work. The visit of the facilities was rather disappointing: The building in the "Beijing Central Road" in Lhasa is furnished rather spartanically and looks partly crumbling. The cartography department could not be visited at all. It seems that large parts of the map production are carried out either by other province mapping agencies or companies. However, staff members showed us a GPS reference station, installed by the German mapping agency in the framework of the international IGS network. All measured data are daily transferred to Germany. The office sells some of its products like town maps and small scale district maps in scales around 1:300 000. The topographic map series are not for sale, unfortunately. On behalf of the The marvellous Potala Palace in Lhasa.
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Visit to ARSC, Xian, China Bengt Rystedt and Ferjan Ormeling ICC Report visited ARSC (Aerophotogrammetry & Remote Sensing Bureau of China Coal, one of the main sponsors of the 20TH International Cartographic Conference in Beijing, on August 16, 2001. Although traditional cartographic publishing tasks, like the intricate production of complex national atlases, have been perfected here, apart from map publishing and printing the company has heavily invested in new technology. It has From left to right: Cai Weijt, Ly YaJun, Mrs Rystedt, Bengt Rystedt, Prof Hu Shui Shi, impressive scanning and on-screen digitizing president ARSC, Ferjan Ormeling, Mrs Ormeling, Zhang Wen Ruo and Li Jianbo facilities, for the transformation of paper into digital maps (we saw map series from several European countries transformed) and is also producing national atlases and other complex atlas types on CD-ROM. On the photo, the delegation from the ICA Executive Committee is welcomed by ARSC president Prof.Hu Shui Shi and his colleagues.
Ferjan Ormeling Secretary General ICA
View of one of the computer halls at Shaanxi Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. Lorenz Hurni (centre) presents the historic map of Lhasa to director Ci Ren Tu Deng of the Tîbetan Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (left).
ICC 2001 post conference excursion group to Xian and Tibet.
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Commissions’ Reports Maps and the Internet session at the beginning of the conference. is now the FIG/IHO/ICA Accreditation Board The program is usually accompanied by state- for Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical The ICA Commission on Maps and the of-the-art, "hands-on" workshops. The joint Cartography. Ron Furness, as Commission Internet announces a meeting and workshop usage of facilities and the scheduling of the preceding the 4th annual "Web.Mapping" Chair, has been joined on the Board by events should encourage ICA Commission Symposium in Karlsruhe, Germany. The Associate Professor Lysandros Tsoulos from participants and Web.Mapping participants to Reports Workshop is sponsored by the Commission, Athens, Greece. "cross-over" and visit both meetings. and the Karlsruhe University of Applied The newly constituted Board is charged Sciences. For those interested in all additionally with introducing and accrediting The workshop will focus on a variety of events: an internationally recognised course for issues related to the distribution of maps A trip for all events could be organized as nautical cartographers. The first draft was through the Internet. Working papers should such: Fly in via Frankfurt to Bremen, attend prepared by Captain Hugo Gorziglia of Chile address the terms of reference of the the pre-meeting conference on Location-Based and comments have been received from commission: Services, have a weekend off for visiting some members of the Board. The full Board meets in June at the University of New Hampshire, 1) Examine methods of promoting effective regions of Germany. The nearby French region US where it is expected the course will be Internet mapping techniques, including of Alsace (Elsass) with the city of Strassbourg, methods of map distribution and Internet home of the European Parliament, might be ratified and subsequently promulgated. I, with map design. also of interest. Nearby majorairports include Professor Tsoulos, will attend the Board’s Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Strassbourg and Basel. meeting. 2) Examine Internet map usage and project The cost of the train between Frankfurt and future areas of growth. I wish to acknowledge here the support to Bremen is about US $90 and takes 21/ hours. ICA – IHO relations afforded by the President 3) Examine web map user issues to better 2 A train trip between Frankfurt and Karlsruhe of the IHB Directing Committee, Rear serve user needs. takes one hour and costs about US $30. Admiral Angrisano, who retires from that 4) Examine the use of metadata to improve Cost position on 1 September next. user access to maps. A small workshop participation fee will be Ron Furness 5) Promote instruction on Internet mapping charged by the organizers in Karlsruhe. EURO Chair, ICA Commission on Marine and the diffusion of the technology. 50 for attendees, EURO 20 for presenters. Cartography In conjunction with the working papers the (1 Euro = US $0.88). Resulting Publication workshop will also feature live demonstrations. Working papers will appear in a joint Theoretical Cartography About Pre-Conference Event publication with the Web.Mapping Symposium. A well-known publisher in Cartographic Workshop in Kiev Prior to the meeting in Karlsruhe, a related Within the framework of the annual conference on location-based information Germany, Herbert Wichmann Verlag, has offered to publish the combined proceedings. German-Ukrainian Conference in Kiev services and mobile GIS will be taking place National University of Aviation (from the 25 - in Bremen, Germany, from September 17 to Michael Paterson 28 May 2002), a Workshop "Cartography, September 19, 2002. The scheduling allows Chair, ICA Commission on Maps and the Education, Production" has been held. Host of the participation in this meeting prior to the Internet the Workshop was the "Cartographiya" ICA meeting. If a significant interest exists, a Scientific and Production Enterprise Kiev group trip from Bremen to Karlsruhe could be Marine Cartography (Director R.I.Sossa). The cartographic meeting organized, including a cruise on the Rhine Planning is well under way for the next was initiated by A. Wolodtschenko (the river. Contact Georg Gartner at CoastGIS’03 Symposium which will be held Dresden University of Technology) and D.F. [email protected] for more details. mid-2003 in Genoa, Italy. Dates will shortly Baisa (the Kiev Institute of Management and be confirmed and will be published when About Karlsruhe University of Information Technologies). available together with a first call for papers Applied Sciences and The agenda of the one-day meeting on the on www.coastgis.org. Web.Mapping Symposium 26th of May 2002 included 3 papers, 5 Situated in the heart of Karlsruhe, the The Commission was active at the ICC in reports, and discussions. Cartography at the University of Applied Sciences offers and Beijing. During that Conference, President universities and colleges; cartosemiotics at the established program in Cartography and Bengt Rystedt and Secretary-General/ schools and universities; public and private Geomatics. Since 1999 the Department of Treasurer Ferjan Ormeling, with Commission cartographic education; computarized Cartography & Geomatics has organized an Chair, Ron Furness, met the President of the technologies in cartography; Ukrainian annual symposium entitled Web.Mapping, Directing Committee of the International Cartographic Society have been discussed at which has rapidly become a major place for Hydrographic Bureau, rear Admiral Giuseppi the workshop among other subjects. The next experts and interested participants to meet and Angrisano, with IHB Professional Assistant Workshop is planed at the Dresden University get updated information on major trends on for Cartography, Michele Huet. At the meeting of Technology in 2003. maps and the Internet. Participants and it was decided that, through this Commission, Alexander Wolodtschenko speakers come from different countries. There ICA would join the IHO/FIG Accreditation Chair, ICA Commission on Theoretical will be an own international, English speaking Board for Hydrographic Surveying. The Board Cartography
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Commissions’ Reports Reports
Workshop speakers from left to right: A.Wolodtschenko, M.O.Tryuhan, V.M.Katyushchenko, R.I.Sossa, L.K.Kachurenko, D.F.Baisa, V.D.Kosianchuk, V.O.Shevchenko.
History of Cartography question ranges from R330 (£22) for a single hoped to publish the Symposium proceedings room to R610 (£41) for a triple room facing and a catalogue of the map exhibition. Symposium and Exhibition: Table Mountain and the City. Prices are The History of Cartography of Africa approximate and will depend on the exchange Cost value of the South African Rand, which has There will be a registration fee entitling Monday 4 to Wednesday 6 August 2003 recently been rather volatile. participants to attend the Symposium and To be held at The National Library of South The symposium is open to all who are Exhibition, its proceedings, exhibition catalogue Africa, Cape Town in association with the Cape interested in the history of mapping Africa and and all refreshments and lunch on 4 and 5 Archives Repository, Roeland Street, Cape is particularly aimed at those who wish to see August. This is expected to be between £50 ($73, Town. It is planned to hold four sessions of something of the cultural heritage of South R750) and £60 ($87, R900). A charge for the papers in NLSA, the final afternoon being a Africa before travelling to the main ICA excursion on 6 August will be payable general discussion. On 6th August we plan an conference in Durban which starts officially on separately. Overnight accommodation should be optional excursion to Stellenbosch and Paarl 10 August 2003. arranged individually with the hotel which will include a visit to a wine-producing management. To help us to organise a group estate and lunch. The exhibition of maps will Call for papers booking please reply to Prof. Liebenberg or Dr emphasise the cartography of Southern Africa Abstracts of proposed Symposium papers Board by e-mail no later than 31 July 2002, if up to about 1920 and will rely on map should be submitted be e-mail to either you wish to attend. collections from major libraries in the city. If Professor Liebenberg ([email protected]), This first circular will be posted on the ICA there is sufficient demand it may be possible to or Dr Christopher Board ([email protected]), and Commission web sites and will updated arrange visits to some of these on 6 August for or by post to 36, Wakefield Gardens, London when further information becomes available. It those who do not wish to go on the excursion. SE19 2NR to arrive no later than 30 October will be sent to computer listings relevant to the The National Library is situated at the 2002. Abstracts should be in English and from history of cartography. northern end of the Gardens of the Dutch East 300 to 500 words in length. Authors will be India Company near the Anglican Cathedral and notified if their abstract has been accepted by Chris Board (Chair, ICA Commission on the Houses of Parliament. There is a good hotel 31 December 2002. Potential authors should History of Cartography) and Elri Liebenberg within easy walking distance across the Gardens also be aware that the History of Cartography (ICA Vice-President) where the daily price of rooms for the period in is one of the Durban conference themes. It is
8 ICA NEWS June 2002 Reports 9 The Cartography and Children The Commission is responsible for most commission's existing international database of people working or with interests in mapping and children so that can this be inventory made on available in digital or Web, paper Wide World the format (product : web publication) bibliography on topics related to mapping and children and the various technologies appropriate to generating cartographic images and solving spatial problems (product : web publication). conferences to promote the sharing of national and regional perspectives, Cartography and Children Commission held meetings several during the ICA conference in August Beijing 2001. in Peter van der Recently, Krogt, of University Utrecht, prepared web pages for the 2001 competition which may be found at http://www.icaci.org/children2001/. of the organizational aspects of the Barbara Petchenik Children's Map Competition and a theme new has been chosen for the 2003 competition which is "Making a better world for children" which has also been by approved the ICA In Executive. addition, there will be up to 10 prizes at the competition of $50 each. This year the Commission is meeting in Brazil. There are two back to back a events, CCC meeting focusing on "The themes, methods and results of the lines of research of the International Commission on Cartography and Children" August in 4-7 Diamantina, (morning), which is followed by participation in an international meeting in Rio de Janeiro, August 7 the (evening)-10, First Ibero- American Symposium on Cartography and Children, where the theme is "Research and in Perspective Cartography for Students." See the Commission web page for additional information: http://artsandscience.concordia.ca/ica- The ccc/index.html. current terms of reference for this commission are: 1. maintain and build To upon the 2. enlarge the commission's To select 3. organize regional workshops or To The Commission's annual meeting will be CMP has to decide on a candidate As you might remember there was After informal talks with Michel processes Participants engaged in discussions Participants during the seminar's breaks. held at ETH in Zurich, Switzerland, on Thursday 20 and Friday 21 June 2003. See you then! Sjef van der Steen ICA Commission on Map Chair, Production succeeded to analyse, discuss, decide and to a execute preliminary pilot project to be further discussed and in developed GeoCuba, the A local seminar new NMA. will take place just before ICA Congress in Durban, South August Africa, 2003, 10-16 in somewhere Africa. South chairman for the period 2003-2007. The Commission has to nominate for the Executive Committee and Assembly the should General formally decide. discussion on the orientation of CMP for the years to come. In order to distinct CMP from other commissions and in order to create ground for future existence a proposed move management towards was suggested. Commission on Peterson’s Maps and the Internet I suggest to continue the way we are as seen moving already, in project 3 of CMP. to have definitively change the name We in order to confusion avoid from the outside world, but from within ICA, as well. Different names could be suggested and I propose to discuss the titles: new Commission on: - Mapping processes and their management - Cartographic map production management - The management of mapping processes - The management of geoinformation - Processes in cartography and management - Map production management Annual meeting Chairman 2003-2007 New New name for the CMP This project is running as a continuous The Website has been for active Website The some There was confusion on the of objectives Signs from Finland the give impression Although the information has been A Compendium of Cartographic ICA NEWS June 2002 Seminars/workshops Seminars/workshops by Sjef van der Steen. The latest was a activity. pre-conference seminar in Cuba. In 4 days participants had to think of the set up of a Topographic Information System that also eventually has to print maps on a A 1:25000 very scale. group motivated of mainly Cuban participants years. Sverre looks for information and news and implements them on request. However, not enough contributions by other members are received. New Channels for publications by Josep Colomer/Miroslav Jakobsson Miksovsky/Antti this project. The preliminary idea was to look for other than standard means for publication of topics, belonging to tasks. the Commission’s Discussions are suggested to find ways new of publication of issues, relevant and to compare quality and economics in the various publication ways dealing with technology and management in production of mapping products. Production management by Erkki Sakari Harju/Neil Grant/ Pablo Gran Lopez that there is good progress. Explanation will be at given the meeting. CMP by Sverre Iversen Website and Sjef van der Steen Flow Flow charting by Sjef van der Steen for available some time, I really doubt whether it makes sense to go with the kind of Over the past symbology. years other concepts been have and developed, symbology new has been established in Flow the topic Work of Management (WFM). The establishment of WFM is Therefore, worldwide. a discussion on this issue is to be proposed the Commission's annual meeting. Map Production Compendium of Cartographic Techniques is being Techniques prepared by Jarl Rolighed Larsen and Sjef van der Steen. The commission is yet to decide whether it will be published as a book, or softcopy (Cdrom Website). and/or 26343 ICA N/L Cover/TEXT Jun02 24/6/02 11:42 AM Page 20 Page AM 11:42 24/6/02 Jun02 Cover/TEXT ICA N/L 26343 26343 ICA N/L Cover/TEXT Jun02 24/6/02 11:42 AM Page 17
Special Features experiences, teaching philosopies, and Presentation of old In the Netherlands a national scanning technologies, all in order to enhance the program is started for the cadastral maps of maps on the Internet 1832. This program will finally lead to a Special Features abilities of children and teachers as makers and users of maps, to solve a There are a lot of old maps in many publication on the Internet. Because the variety of spatial problems of concern to Dutch archives. Often, the problem of these large amount of maps, the Internet site will children. Summaries of these events can sources is the poor quality of the parchment rather serve the first group of users be disseminated through various ICA or paper. Restoration of the maps is (explorers) than the second group publications and on the commission's necessary to save them for the near future (practitioners). web site (product : workshops, oral (Hesselink-Duursma, 1995). For example, Already on the Internet papers, printed papers). the oldest cadastral maps of the Netherlands Today several Internet sites about (1832) are manuscripts drawn on low quality 4. To develop closer links with other historical cartography can be found. In the paper. However, there are facsimiles of many international bodies concerned with Netherlands a growing number of archives old maps. The disadvantage of facsimiles is children. These would include the IGU catalogue their collection (or parts of their that they are quite expensive and therefore Commission on Geographic Education, collection) on the Internet. Another group not accessible for everybody. UNESCO, and UNICEF (product : that present map collections on the Internet report). Scanning old maps are antiquarians. Since the end of 2000 5. To assist the Executive of the ICA in the The last years more and more archive historical-cartographic Internet sites are preparation of guidelines, and the material is scanned. Scanning is very discussed in ‘@ la Carte’, an item in the organisation of the Barbara Petchenik important, especially for manuscripts Dutch journal Caert-Thresoor (Heere & Children's Map Competition (product : because these are unique sources. When a Storms, 2000-2002) (URL 2). report). map is scanned it can be made accessible in One of the most beautiful sites of old different ways. One way is to publish them map collections is the site of the American Alberta Auringer Wood on CD-rom’s. Some Dutch regional archives Library of Congress (URL 3). It is possible ICA Vice-President did that for some maps, with technical to zoom in to a very detailed level without support of Tensing-SKS. A demo of the losing sharpness. The Dutch national library, maps of the Regional Archive of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, shows two Bommelerwaard is shown on the website of atlases on the Internet (URL 4). Both Tensing-SKS (URL 1). Some disadvantages libraries use the same technique. This is a of CD-rom’s are the restricted accessibility special compression technique, based on and the capacity of the disc. A better way is wavelet-technology: Multi Resolution to publicize old maps on the Internet. Seamless Image Database (MrSID). This Cataloguing on the Internet software integrates different resolutions of a With a publication on the Internet, the digital image in one file (KB, 2002). old maps are accessible to a wider audience. Another Dutch example is the Beeldbank Actually, the user of the old maps will Noord-Holland (URL 5). Different archives make some demands upon the scanned in the province of Noord-Holland are maps. These demands will depend on the working together and present their image way in which the maps will be used. Two material (including many old hand-drawn CMP Seminar held at GeoCuba, the local types of users can be distinguished. The first maps) on an Internet site. In this case, only National Mapping Organisation. type is the "explorer". Explorers use the small images are shown on the site. So, from Internet to get an impression of the map a users point of view, this site is an example collection in a certain archive. In this case, of a site for explorers. the user needs a rough image and a Applications with old maps description of the source on the Internet. Old maps on the Internet are always The second type, the "practitioner", will use static view-only maps. It is always a scan or the maps on the Internet for research. The a photo of an existing analogue map (Kraak, scanning resolution has to be of high 2001). In a digital environment such as the quality, so that little details won’t be lost. Internet it is possible to take a step further For example, it is very important that texts with old maps. Different tools can be added on maps are readable. to a static map to make it interactive.
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Special Features A specific application for the Internet is Bibliography Travel Awards of the the clickable map. A lot of information about Heere, E. & M. Storms (2000-2002), @ la the map like background texts, photos, Carte, Caert-Thresoor 19, nr. 4, pp. 117, 20th ICC, Beijing A limited number of travel scholarships to Special Features drawings, other maps and URL’s can be Caert-Thresoor 20, nr 1-4, pp. 21, 49, 69, 105, the International Cartographic Conferences of linked to the old map or a specific location on Caert-Thresoor 21, pp. 26. the ICA are made to young cartographers who the map. This information appears on the Hesselink-Duursma, C.W. (1995), are nationals from developing countries. The screen by clicking at the map. Manuscriptkaarten. Geodesia, 1995-3, pp. Travel award recipients for the ICC Beijing A second application (more GIS based) is 143-147. 2001 were: Cecilia Maria Oka (Brazil), the geo-coding of a digital old map. KB (2002), Atlas Van der Hagen en Atlas Richard Olomo (Nigeria), Felicia Eventually with rubber sheeting techniques, Beudeker; het digitaliseren van de atlassen. Olunfaunmilayo Akinyemi (Nigeria) and Sun the old map can be linked to a modern map. [geciteerd 26 maart 2002]. Xuejuan (Canada) were the recipients of the After that accuracy analyses, like the circle
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Special Features
the symbols. Afterwards, copies are made in The impact of human increase the communicative effectiveness of a Brazilian plastic or in other materials that factors on the retrieval maps. have been tested to make them more lasting.
Special Features of information presented The result of the research findings also From 1994 to June 2000, the Pedagogic with cultural symbols on supported the view of Wood (1972) and Support Centre for visually impaired people Nigerian Topographical Olson (1975), that education in map reading (CAP) made more than 5,735 copies of tactile maps graphics. has positive impact on the reader’s In 1999, the authors started to produce By Richard Olomo performance in map reading and interpretation tasks. From the study, the audio tactile maps with a new software The study examines the effect of human influence of the map user level of education, developed by Professor Don Parkes factors on the retrieval of information (University of Newcastle, Australia) for the experience, age, interest, etc, is seen to be presented with cultural symbols on Nigerian Atlas of Americas. The software is pioneer one of the stumbling blocks (obstacles) to topographical maps. The more that can be for allowing sighted as well visually effective communication. As a result of the learnt about the requirements of map users impaired people to make audio-tactile variation among people in the above factors graphics. Besides that, it represents a great and how they detect, recognize and interpret considered, the information obtained from a advantage because it adds resonant the symbols in maps, the greater will be the map also varies. Thus a consideration of information to the tactile graphics. opportunity for improving the efficiency of these factors by the cartographer is essential The authors have realized in their work the communication process, to the mutual when maps are designed. with blind students the necessity to get them benefits of both participants. Wood (1972) ready to read and interpret tactile maps and observed that several human factors References: this work may be done at the initial grades of influence the amount of information Balogun, O.Y.,1978. Cartographic the school. In addition to that, to prepare the received in a cartographic communicating Information Transferal: A new look at teachers of Geography and specialized system, these are natural ability, skill, teachers to work with this kind of material is Communication in Cartographic, experience, age, education, interests, essential. Many of these teachers think that Proceedings of the 3rd Australian the tactile graphics aren’t useful for the blind motivation etc. Balogun (1978) identified Cartographic Conference, pp. 64 – 84. experience in map interpretation age and students and this fact obstructs the access to Balogun, O.Y.,1982. Communicating education, cultural background, this material by these students. through statistical Maps, International imagination, interest, temperament as For that reason in the past, LEMADI Year. Book of Cartography Vol. XX1. offered courses and workshops about tactile human factors that affect retrieved Clarke, 1989. An experimental graphics and since 1994, CAP has been cartographic information. investigation of the communicative offering workshops to specialized teachers of Experience in map interpretation and all the São Paulo State. Finally, the purpose efficiency of point symbols on tourist education in map reading also affects the for the future is to make plans for using maps, The Cartographic Journal, Vol. 26, amount and quality of information retrieved Mobility, something unheard-of in Brazil, June, pp.105 –110. from the map (Wood, 1972; Olson, 1975; and to offer workshops to students and Olson, J. 1975. Experience and Balogun, 1982; and Clarke, 1989). There is teachers in the area. The authors are studying improvement of Cartographic and discussing these uses in an international a strong correlation between experience and Communication, The Cartographic research group sponsored by PAIGH (the frequency of map use on the retrieval of Journal, Vol. 12 , No.2, pp. 94 – 108. Panamerican Institute of Geography and information as the research findings History). indicated. Thus, the more frequent the map Wood, M., 1972. Human Factors in Editors' note: Modified from the abstract. user (recipient) makes use of the map, the Cartographic Communication, The The full version is included in the more accurate the recipient will be in Cartographic Journal, Vol. 19, No.2, Proceedings of the 20th ICC, Bejing, obtaining information from the map, pp.123 – 132. China,volume 5, pp. 2924-2931 including map reading/interpretation tasks. Editor's note: Extract from the full version Carla Cristina Reinaldo de SENA is the According to Wood (1972), there is little included in the Proceedings of the 20th paper's co-author. Cecilia works at CAP – doubt that those who have been trained ICC, Beijing, China,volume 1, pp. 151-163 Pedagogical Support Center for Visually specifically to use maps, perform Impaired People, State Department of Dr Richard Olomo is at the Department considerably better than even the general Education of São Paulo, Brazil (e-mail: of Geography and Regional Planning, user of above average intelligence and [email protected]). Carla is at LEMADI Faculty of Environmental Studies, Ambrose experience. Olson (1975) also supported – Laboratory of Geography Education and Alli University, P.M.B. 14, Ekpoma,Edo state, this view by stating that both reader training Teaching Material USP – University of São Nigeria. Paulo, Brazil ([email protected]). and improved map design can be used to
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Special Features
Balancing Tourism and Digital maps were then prepared for selected region form the attribute (non- each factor using the IDRISI GIS spatial) database in the Geographic Conservation in the program. The factor maps were information system for geographic Special Features Tianmu Shan Biosphere standardized to a common scale of targeting (GTGIS). The focus of the Reserve, China measurement, and combined to produce GTGIS project is two dimensional in suitability maps for each land use. With nature. It is concerned with utilizing GIS Xuejuan Sun these suitability maps as input, IDRISI's for poverty assessment on the one hand This paper explores the use of a GIS- multi-objective land allocation (MOLA) and utilizing GIS for geographic targeting based land allocation model, combined model was used to create the final map on the other hand. This paper is more with Multiple Criteria Analysis, as a tool depicting the optimal land uses concerned with the latter, that is, to assist with the effective management throughout the reserve. Such a model attempting to demonstrate the utilization of land resources in the Tianmu Shan provides a flexible tool for land managers of GIS in simulating geographically Biosphere Reserve in Zhejiang Province, since variables in the model can easily be targeted poverty alleviation programmes China. UNESCO granted Tianmu Shan its adjusted to accommodate changing at household and neighbourhood levels Biosphere Reserve designation in 1996, priorities or to compare different within the city of Ibadan (a World largely in recognition of its unique and scenarios. Bank/UNDP, UNCHS (Habitat) rare plant and animal species, especially Editor's note: extract from the 20th ICC "Sustainable Urban Management the ancient stands of Ginkgo biloba and Proceedings, volume 1, pp. 451-457. Programme" case study). The GTGIS Chinese cedar. In addition, the temples of Janet E. Mersey is the paper's co- project is aimed at making the use of GIS Tianmu Shan reflect its long cultural and author. Both authors are affiliated to the standard for geographic targeting. religious heritage. The same beautiful University of Guelph, Canada. Geographic targeting analysis and and fragile landscape that merits such mapping using GIS enabled the protected status also attracts an ever vulnerability of each household and increasing tourist population, especially Geographic Targeting neighborhood to poverty to be related to during the summer months. Thus, like for poverty alleviation their actual locations in space. It not only most reserves, Tianmu Shan is faced with in Nigeria: targeted the poor, but in a situation where the challenge of carefully managing and A Geographic Information a planner’s budget can only run a poverty monitoring land use activities to ensure a System (GIS) approach alleviation programme in few households balance between on-going economic uses, or neighbourhoods, transfers to the poor based on the development of tourism By Felicia Olufunmilayo Akinyemi can be according to their ranking under a resources, and conservation of the natural The scourge of poverty and its given poverty measure. Moreover, environment. resultant negative impact on Nigeria’s mapping helped us to discover several The aim of the land allocation model economic development has been notably causal relationships between socio- is to identify the optimum use for each great. The economic recession economic variables, which tend to parcel of land in the reserve, based on its experienced since the 1980s did wipe out engender poverty in households. Had the suitability to meet the primary land use the economic gains of the post-colonial results been left only in tabular, activities, and to ensure adequate land oil boom era of the early 1970s. The spreadsheet form or aggregated as charts area is set aside to meet the demands of government has had to contend with low or graphs, such relationships may be each use. Three kinds of land uses will be or negative economic growth, tight fiscal hidden. Mapping helps to identify the studied in the reserve: land for constraints, and external debt burden. patterning of poverty as it occurs in each conservation, land for tourism This situation has led to the increased use sample area. This reveals that there is a development and land for agriculture of targeting mechanisms in transferring spatial dimension to poverty and its activities. The factors contributing to the benefits to the poor. While the alleviation. suitability of land for each purpose were importance of geographic targeting (GT) identified based on The Management in tackling poverty is well known in Editor's note: Extract from the full paper Plan of the Tianmu Shan Biosphere literature, the employment of GIS as a version included in the Proceedings of Reserve, and field study in summer 2000. tool for effective and efficient GT is the 20th ICC, Beijing, China, volume 2, For example, areas highly ranked for relatively unknown. Thus its great pp. 1259-1270. conservation may have a dense presence potential in relating non-spatial data to its Felicia is at the Department of of rare species, steep slopes where human corresponding location on ground and its Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, disturbance would inevitably create superb analytical mapping prowess Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, erosional problems, and be situated near remains widely unutilised. In this pilot Osun State, Nigeria. to the core zone. Similarly, factors study, digital cadastral maps form the E-mail: [email protected] contributing to the other two land uses spatial database and socio-economic, are identified. demographic data of the populace in the
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Forthcoming Conferences and Workshops
Renewal Basic A much wider circle participated in the Third International production of the Exercise Manual: Workshop on Incremental Cartography series educational establishments like the
Special Features Updating and Versioning of completed cartographic departments of Eötvös Lorand Spatial Data Bases Institute in Budapest, Hungary, the ITC in 14-15 October, 2002, Frankfurt A.M., With the publication by Butterworth- Enschede, Netherlands, ETH in Germany. Heinemann, in December 2001, of Basic Switzerland, Utrecht University in the The event will be hosted by Cartography volume 2, 2nd edition, the Netherlands, University of Victoria, EuroGeographic R&D Forum; ICA WG renewal of this fundamental ICA manual Canada, cartographic firms like Freytag- on Incremental Updating and Versioning series on the cartographic discipline now Berndt und Artaria in Vienna, the Survey of has been completed. The project was Israel,the Nationaal Geografisch Instituut of Spatial Data Bases, and ISPRS IC WG initiated by Cor Koeman, then professor in Belgium, IGN in France, the Bundesamt II/IV. of Cartography in Utrecht University, in für Eich- und Vermessungswesen in Further details: 1968, and the first edition of the series Austria, the Bundesamt für Kartographie was edited by Koeman (vol 1, 1984) and Ammatzia Peled ([email protected] or und Geodäsie in Germany, and by Anson (vol 2, 1988). Koeman chaired [email protected]) cartographic societies like the Japan the ICA Commission on Education from Cartographers Association, the Comité 1968-1980. Français de Cartographie, Deutsche The 39th Annual Symposium In view of the rapid changes in the Gesellschaft für Kartographie and the and Map Curator's field the Commission on Education and Swedish Cartographic Society. Workshop Training, chaired 1987-1999 by Ferjan Thursday 12 September to Saturday 14 A multi-author endeavour such as this Ormeling, decided to produce a new one inevitably suffers from delays, September 2002 at the University of edition of the series, which was edited by especially so when more than ten different Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England. Roger Anson and Ferjan Ormeling; in authors sometimes were contributing to a BCS members will receive a brochure 1991 an exercise companion to the first volume. It happened for instance that and booking form in the post in May. series came out: Basic Cartography: Naftali Kadmon had to rewrite his chapter For any specific queries please contact: Exercise Manual (Elsevier Applied on automation five times, as because of Science Publishers). In 1993 a second David Fairbairn, BCS Programme publication delays the contents did no edition of volume 1 was published by the Committee Chairman, longer reflect the actual situation. Another same publisher. It then transferred the Dept. of Geomatics, disaster that impeded rapid progress were series to another Elsevier-Reed subsidiary, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, the fire at the computer centre of Karlsruhe Butterworth-Heinemann. In 1996 Basic Technical University, through which all the Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. Cartography volume 3 came out and now, drawings by Asche and Herrmann were Tel +44 (0)191 222 6353 ten years after the first start of the new lost, and consequently had to be Fax +44 (0)191 222 8691 editions, volume 2 has been renewed. produced again. e-mail [email protected] This completes the updating work and British Cartographic Society web site is the series now describes the state of the We are happy that at the dawn of this at http://www.cartography.org.uk/ art in Cartography. new millennium the ICA has this series of manuals to base its further educational Over the years a number of well- Latest symposium news on endeavours on, such as the webcourse the known specialists and experts have http://www.cartography.org.uk/Pages/Lat Commission on Education and training is contributed: Roger Anson, Hartmut Asche, est/Sympos.html planning for 2003. M.J.Balodis, Olayinka Balogun, Rolf Böhme, Kurt Brassel, Christian Herrmann, Roger Anson and Ferjan Ormeling June Andreas Illert, John R.Jensen, Naftali 10-12. Geospatial World 2002; Atlanta; Kadmon, Kei Kanazawa, Jon Kimerling, Cor Koeman, Olev Koop, Edgar Lehmann, Intergraph; Arlen Reimnitz on +1- 256- Derek Maling, Gerald McGrath, Karl-Heiz 730-2510; fax: +1-256-730-2080; Meine (Koeman’s successor as chair of www.intergraph.com/geospatialworld the Commission), Rudi Ogrissek, Ferjan 24-28. IGARSS International Ormeling, Christer Palm, Bernard Geoscience and Remote Sensing Rouleau, Ernst Spiess, Sjef van der Steen, Symposium Conference; Toronto, Hans van der Waal, Robert Weibel, and Canada; Jeannie Boyes, Paul M.Young. Sometimes these authors www.igarss02.ca/index.html were assisted by whole teams of colleagues, such was the case with Kei Kanazawa in Japan and Bernard Rouleau in France.
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For Your Diary
July Annual Conference and Exhibition. 21-25. VII International Congress on 1-5. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. United Contact: GITA Australia/New Zealand; Earth Sciences Nations Regional Workshop on the Use e-mail: [email protected], Web: Santiago, Chile. of Space Technology for Disaster http://www.gita.org.au Contact: Col.J.E.G.Palacios, For Your Diary Management for Africa. Contact: David [email protected], Web: Stevens, Program Committee Co-Chair, September http://www.igm.cl e-mail: [email protected], 2-6. 11ARSPC - Remote Sensing and 26-30. Chicago. Urban and Regional Web: Photogrammetry Conference; Brisbane; Information Systems Association http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SAP/stdm ACTS; enquiries (URISA) 40th Annual Conference and 5-7. San Diego. Second Annual ESRI [email protected] Exposition. Contact: URISA, 1460 Education User Conference (EdUC). ph: +61-2-6257-3299; fax: +61-2-6257- Renaissance Drive, Suite 305, Park Contact: ESRI Inc., 380 New York St., 3256; www.geosp.uq.edu.au/11arspc/ Ridge, IL 60068, e-mail: [email protected], Web: http://www.urisa.org Redlands, CA 92373-8100 [ 909-793- 3-6. 13th Conference of European 2853, fax: 909-793-5953, e-mail: Mapcurator's Group 30. XXII INCA (Indian National [email protected], Web: Helsinki University Library, Finland Cartographic Association) International http://www.esri.com/educ ] Contact: Jan Smits, Koninklijke Congress 8-12. 26th National Surveying Bibliotheek, National Library of The Convergence of Information, Imagery Conference of the Institute of Netherlands and Maps Engineering and Mining Surveyors Email: [email protected] Ahmedabad, India. Contact: Dr. P.K. Srivastava, Chairman, Local Organising Australia; Darwin; IEMS (Aust) SA and 2-5. 7th UN Conference on Committee, Website: NT; Narelle Perriman on +61-3- 6248- Standardization of Geographic Names www.geocities.com/incacongress2002 7979. Berlin, Germany 8-12. 22nd Annual ESRI International Contact: Dr. Laaribi, ph: +1-212-963- User Conference; San Diego; ESRI Inc; 4996 November enquiries [email protected] ph: +1-909- 2-11. World Summit on Sustainable 8-15. Denver. The 15th Pecora Memorial 793-2853, ext. 1-1363; Development Remote Sensing Symposium. Contact: www.esri.com/event/uc Johannesburg, South Africa, Email: Temperance Battee, e-mail: 9-12. Shaping Grounds - Institute of [email protected] [email protected], Web: Australian Geographers Conference; Website: www.johannesburgsummit.org http://www.asprs.org /Pecora-ISPRS- 2002 Canberra; IAG; Chris Tabart 16-19. GSDI 6 Conference; Budapest; [email protected] Global Spatial Data Infrastructure 25-30. e-future: into the mainstream; 10-12. Accuracy 2002 - 5th International Secretariat; enquiries ph: +1-703-648- AURISA/ISA Joint 2002 Conference Symposium on Spatial Accuracy 4119; (bringing together AURISA 2002 and 3rd Assessment in Natural Resources and fax: +1-703-648-5755. Trans Tasman Surveyors Conferences); Adelaide; Hartley Management; Louise Environmental Sciences; Melbourne; 17-19. GIS 2002 and AGI Conference Carnell at Hartley Management ph: +61- Conference Organiser on +61-3-9380- London, UK. Contact: jilonkvist@cmp- 8-8363-4399; fax: +61- 8-8363-4577. 1429; fax: +61-3-9380-2722. europe.com 14-17. Australian Map Circle 2002 25-29. Asian Conference on Remote Conference - Mapping New Frontiers; Sensing (ACRS), Nepal. October Cairns Qld; Geography School, James Email: [email protected]; Website: 14-18. Abuja, Nigeria. Fourth Cook University; Dr Peter Griggs on www.acrskathmandu.gov.np International African Association of +61-7-4042-1540; fax: +61-7-4042-1284; Remote Sensing of the Environment www.australianmapcircle.org.au (AARSE) Conference. Contact: Tsehaie December Woldai, Secretary General, AARSE (e- 3-6. Hyderabad, India. International August mail: [email protected], Web: Society for Photogrammetry and Remote 7-9. Map Asia 2002; Bangkok; Map http://www.aarse.org) Sensing Technical Commission VII Asia 2002 Secretariat on +91-120-450- 16-18. Frankfurt, Germany. INTERGEO International Symposium on Resource & 2180/81; +91-120-450-0060 or email 2002. Contact: D. Morlock, Customer Environmental Monitoring. Contact: R. [email protected] or [email protected]. Consultant, HINTE GmbH, Griesbachstr. Nagaraja, Organizing Secretary, ISPRS 19-21. Melbourne, Australia. Geospatial 10, D-76185 Karlsruhe, e-mail: dmorlock TC-VII Symposium, e-mail: Information & Technology Association @hinte-messe.de, Web: [email protected], Web: (GITA) Australia/New Zealand Seventh http://www.intergeo.de http://www.commission7.isprs.org
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LIBER and IFLA New Fellow of the Royal CONTENTS The LIBER (Ligue des Bibliothèques Society 2002 21st ICC Durban 3 Europeènnes de Recherche) Groupe des On the 13th May 2002 the Royal Society Cartothécaires has a web site of announced the election of 42 new Fellows Tail Pieces Basic Cartography Series 14 and 6 Foreign Members from the fields of http://www.kb.nl/infolev/liber/intro.htm. Jan science, engineering and technology. Smits ([email protected]), Royal Library, The Cartography and Children 9 Netherlands is the President of the group. Professor David William Rhind CBE, Vice-Chancellor, City University London was Editorial 1 The 13th LIBER conference will be held amongst the Society's New Fellows. September 3-7, 2002, in Helsinki, Finland Forthcoming Conferences and 14 Professor Rhind's distinction as the leading (Chairman Finnish Organizing Committee: Workshops UK scholar and a pioneer in the computer Pirkko Korttinen, handling and analysis of cartographic and History of Cartography 8 [email protected]). The theme is: geographic information was recognised by "Strategies for Survival: collections, data, his appointment as the Director General of ICC 2001 Post Conference Trip 4 institutions." Registration or paper the Ordnance Survey (OS). At OS he ICC 2001 Travel Awards 11 presentation requests to be sent before 1 oversaw the completion of digital coverage April 2002 to: Mr. Chris Fleet, Map Library, of Great Britain, the first country to be so LIBER and IFLA 16 National Library of Scotland, 33 Salisbury covered, promoted its application in many Map Production 9 Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SL, United fields and strengthened OS's role in research and development. Accordingly and in view of Kingdom; E-mail: [email protected]. A form Mapping from Satellite Imagery 16 the wide impact on science and technology, and additional information is available on Rhind was elected a General Candidate. the web page, Maps and the Internet 7 http://www.kb.nl/infolev/liber/13th.htm. Marine Cartography 7 The IFLA (International Federation of ICA Commission on New Fellow Royal Society 2002 16 Library Associations) Section of Geography Mapping from Satellite and Map Libraries is chaired by David C. Imagery Obituary 1 McQuillan, [email protected], University of Serge Le Blanc, Chair of the ICA Presentation of old maps on the 10 South Carolina, Columbia, SC. Their 68th Commission on Mapping from Satellite Internet conference and council meetings will be Imagery was appointed member of the August 18th - 24th, 2002 in Glasgow, advisory committee of the Indian National Theoretical Cartography 7 Scotland, with the theme of "Libraries for Cartographic Association (INCA) annual Life: Democracy, Diversity, Delivery." conference on 'Convergence of Imagery, There isn’t a detailed program on their web Information and Maps' to be held in Ahmedabad, India, from the 30th October to page yet, but eventually it may be found at 1st November 2002. Contributions http://www.ifla.org/VII/s6/sgml.htm for the Section and at Please send contributions to: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/prog02.htm for Graciela Metternicht, Editor ICA News the main IFLA information. Proposals for School of Spatial Sciences papers should go to the section chair. Melissa Lamont and Alice Hudson have Curtin University of Technology been working on the program with Melissa GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845 serving as Secretary of the Section. There Western Australia will be a number of paper sessions, field trips to Glasgow and Edinburgh libraries, Email: [email protected] and "legendary" IFLA Receptions. Contact Fax: +61-8-9266 2703 Melissa at [email protected] for Ftp: alpha.cage.curtin.edu.au additional information. The 2003 IFLA Login and pwd: anonymous meeting will be in Berlin. Alberta Auringer Wood Directory: /graciela/ICA/incoming ICA Vice-President
© Published by the International Cartographic Association. President: Bengt Rystedt, National Land Survey, Sweden. Secretary General: Ferjan Ormeling, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Editor: Graciela Metternicht, Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.
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The following Heritage Manuscripts & Organizations support the Documents Center The International Cartographic ph +965 532 900 International Cartographic Association welcomes new affiliate fax +965 532 0902 Association: P.O. Box 3904 members. Safat For further information contact: The Centro Argentino de Cartografia 13040 KUWAIT ICA Secretary General: Ferjan ph +54 1 576 5545 KUWAIT Ormeling, Faculty of Geographical fax +54 1 502 6799 Av. Cabildo 381 Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O.Box ITC 1426 BUENOS AIRES 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The ph +31 53 487 44 44 ARGENTINE fax +31 53 487 44 00 Netherlands. Email: Hengelosestraat 99 [email protected] Institut Cartografic de Catalunya P.O. Box 6 ph +34 93 425 29 00 7500 AA ENSCHEDE fx +34 93 426 74 42 THE NETHERLANDS Parc de Montjuic E - 08038 BARCELONA SPAIN Elsevier Science Ltd ph +44 1865 843327 fax +44 1865 843960 United States Geological Survey Earth & Environmental Sciences ph +1 703 648 4639 The Boulevard - Langford Lane - fax +1 703 648 5542 Kidlington National Mapping Division OXFORD OX5 1GB 519 National Center UNITED KINGDOM PRESTON Virginia 22092 USA Moscow State University for Geodesy and Cartography Institut Géographique National ph +7 095 261 3152 ph +33 1 43 98 82 95 fax +7 095 267 4681 fx +33 1 43 98 84 00 4 Gorokhovsky by-street 136 bis rue de Grenelle MOSCOW 103064 75700 PARIS 07 SP RUSSIAN FEDERATION FRANCE Chamber of Surveying Engineers Naval Hydrographic Office of the Union of Chambers of P.O. Box 75 Turkish Engineers and Architects DEHRA DUN - 248001 (UCTEA-CSE) INDIA ITU Insaat Fakultesi Kartografiya Anabilim Dali 80626 Maslak, Istanbul Geographical Survey Institute TURKEY ph +81 298 64 1111 fax +81 298 64 1804 Kitasato 1 Tsukuba-shi IBARAKI-KEN 305 JAPAN
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The following organizations support the International Cartographic Association:
Intergraph:www.intergraph.com Barco Graphics:www.barco.com
Aero-Sensing RadarsystemsGmbh:www.aerosensing.de Tokyo Inshokan Printing Co:www.inshokan.co.jpj