Brian H. Bowen PhD, James A. Myers PhD Arzana Myderrizi, Blendi Hasaj, Blerina Halili

KOSOVO HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION FACTS & FIGURES

AUK-RIT Center for Energy & Natural Resources

Kosovo Household Energy Consumption

Facts and Figures

Brian H. Bowen PhD, James A. Myers PhD, Arzana Myderrizi, Blendi Hasaj, Blerina Halili

AUK-RIT Center for Energy & Natural Resources American University in Kosovo Rochester Institute of Technology

Funding Agencies: World Bank, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research

March 2013

Prishtina 10000 Kosovo Contents

1. The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables...... 1 2. 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities...... 6 3. Prishtina...... 17 4. ...... 23 5. ...... 32 6. ...... 40 7. Mitrovica...... 49 8. ...... 57 9. ...... 66 10. Rural Community: Mountain Villages in Dragash and Shtërpce...... 74

Acknowledgements

The Center for Energy and Natural Resources expresses sincere thanks to the three funding agencies, the World Bank, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, who made it possible to conduct the Kosovo household surveys.

Special thanks are also due to the several AUK student researchers who diligently visited over 5000 households in summer 2010 and summer 2012. These included: Arzana Myderrizi, Blendi Hasaj, Blerina Halili, Kushtrim Avdiu, Shkelqim Gërxhaliu, Rita Saraqi, Rina Vuqiterna, Gentiana Mahmuti, Agon Nixha, Adnan Hoxha, and Kushtrim Bahtiri.

The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables

1. The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables

From 2010 to 2013 the American University Gjilan, Mitrovica, Peja, and Prizren in Sections in Kosovo (AUK) conducted household energy 4 to 9. According to the 2011 Kosovo National consumption survey work. AUK student Census it was estimated that 42.6% of the teams were employed and funding was total population is living in the urban areas provided by the World Bank, the Rockefeller [1.5 and Table 1.1]. The AUK urban Homes Brothers Fund (RBF), and the Norwegian dataset provides the best known household Institute for Nature Research (NINA). A energy consumption picture for these 42.6% substantial dataset been collected for of all Kosovo homes. many urban and some rural homes around Kosovo. In summer 2010 the homes in the Table 1.1 Ratio of Urban to Rural Dwellings in capital city Prishtina were surveyed (2,370 Kosovo homes) and in summer 2012 the homes in the other six major cities (2,966 homes). Data Urban Rural Total collection also took place in the mountain Number of 175,791 236,728 412,519 villages of Kosovo (150 homes). dwellings

Vacant 42,340 57,468 99,808 The collection of reliable residential energy dwellings consumption data for Europe’s youngest Dwelling with 133,451 179,260 312,711 country, Kosovo, is still in its infancy and so more than 1 person the AUK survey work makes a unique Percentage of 42.6% 57.3% contribution to the topic, especially for total consumption in the urban areas. In the AUK [Ref 1.5] surveys particular attention was given to Over recent years, various countries in the wood consumption. From the 5,336 urban European Union (EU) have made reductions homes, 63% of them consumed wood for in household energy consumption and so heating purposes. The average amount of improved the household energy efficiency. wood consumed per urban home was 9.75 3 These improved efficiencies however have m per year (aggregated data in Section 3). generally been offset by the increases in The smaller survey in the mountain villages demand for more energy. Most energy (150 homes) shows that 100% of them use consumption in homes across Europe is in wood for heating. The amount of wood space heating. On average this accounts for consumed per rural home is 11.47 m3 per 68% of household energy consumption in the year (Section 10). Specific data for Prishtina EU-27 [1.9]. The energy consumption in is reported in Section 2 and for the cities Kosovo homes for space heating is estimated Ferizaj, Gjakova, at over 80% of total home energy

consumption [1.10]. From 1997 to 2007 the

average energy efficiency improvement rate

for the EU-27 countries was 0.8% per year. In

Facts & Figures | 1 The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables

specific countries like and Romania The total number of homes that use wood for their average energy efficiency heating in Kosovo is estimated at 271,161 improvements, over the ten year period, (Table 1.3). It was discovered that 36% of the were of the order of 1.8% and 4.4% Prishtina homes were using wood for respectively. Countries such as , heating. This was at a rate of 7.58 m3 per and Croatia had improvement rates of 1.0%, year. 85% of all other urban homes were 0.4%, and 0.2% [1.9]. The average heating using wood at a rate of 9.75m3. 100% of consumption per dwelling for the 27 village homes were using wood at a rate of countries of the EU has been estimated to be 11.47m3 per year. An approximation of 9.6m3 71GJ. of wood is being consumed by homes around Kosovo each year. The overall energy efficiency of Kosovo, in terms of energy intensity, compares Table 1.3 Estimation of Total Wood Consumption favorably with many other countries in for Heating Homes in Kosovo

Europe. Kosovo’s 2010 energy intensity was Location Total % Homes Wood about 260 kg oil equivalent used per €1000 Homes Using Consumed 3 GDP. Denmark has the best performance Wood m Prishtina 43,943*1 36% 119,911*2 with Europe’s lowest energy intensity of 118 All other 89,508 85% 741,798*3 kgoe/€1000 GDP. Bulgaria has the highest cities 4 energy intensity in Europe at 1600 Villages 179,260 100 % 2,056,112* 1 kgoe/€1000. Households across the EU tend TOTAL 312,711* 271,161 2,917,821 [Ref 1.5, pg.131 and Ref 1.3 pg.545] to consume about 26% of their total national *1 Number from Ref [1.5] energy consumption. In 2010 Kosovo’s *2 Prishtina homes consume about 7.58 m3 of wood/year. Ministry of Energy and Mining (MEM) *3 Kosovo major urban homes consume about 9.75m3 of wood/year. National Energy Efficiency Plan indicated that *4 Assuming Kosovo rural homes consume about 11.47 m3 about 33% of Kosovo’s energy consumption of wood/year. was consumed by the country’s 312,711 The AUK surveys is show a total wood households (about 7% higher than the EU consumption in Kosovo homes per year to be average, Table 1.2). in the order of 2.4 to 2.9 Million cubic meters 6 3 Table 1.2 Energy Consumption by Sector in Kosovo (10 m ) (Table 1.3). In a 2008 publication by a & the European Union, 2012 team from the University of Prishtina [1.1] 6 3 there was an estimation of 1.5 10 m of

Kosovo Energy Average EU wood consumption per year. Another study Country Consumption Countries showed that about 37% of Kosovo’s 446,000 Sector (%) Energy Hectares of forest were private forests and Consumption (%) Households 33.3 26.3 35% of all woodfuel came from illegal Services 13.3 12.5 harvesting [1.7]. The AUK study demonstrates Industry 22.4 27.8 a need for further investigation into domestic Transport 26.5 30.9 wood consumption and regulation of tree Agriculture 5.1 2.5 [Ref 1.2] cutting.

Facts & Figures | 2 The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables

Emissions from both firewood and coal are Table 1.5 Institute of Hydrometeorology of Kosovo concerns to health and the environment. The (IHMK) & EU Limiting Values, 2010 firewood emissions are low on carbon 3 + + * ** ** µg/m SO2 PM10 NO2 CO O3 dioxide emission compared with coal and European 125.0 50.0 200.0 10,000 120.0 petroleum (by weight about 1/25 of the Union, amount issued per Lignite ton). Other Limiting Value emissions from wood, including carbon IHMK 9.5 72.3 26.2 5,382 36.9 Prishtina, monoxide and methane, are dangerous Average however to the indoor environment for the Concentration very young and elderly (Table 1.4). Methane [Ref 1.4] + * ** is considered to be a relatively potent Note: 24 Hour average, Hour average, Maximum 8 hour average/day greenhouse gas. It has a high global warming potential 72 times that of carbon dioxide There is currently very little environmental data available for Kosovo. The one Table 1.4 Emissions from Woodfuel Hydrometeorological Station in Prishtina shows particulate matter to be 44% higher Emissions than the European Union limits (Table 1.5). Pollutant Gram/kg Fuelwood With installation of well proven commercial Carbon Monoxide 80-370 technology, the reduction of particulates Methane 14-25 from coal is achievable. Kosovo’s high ash Volatile Organic Compounds 7-27 lignite coal produces low emissions of sulphur Oxygenated Monoaromatics 1-7 Alkyl Benzenes 1-6 dioxide, which are about 8% of the EU Aldehydes 1-54 limiting value. The energy consumption data, [Ref 1.6, pg. 136] provided in this AUK publication, should

make a valuable contribution towards policy Broader health and environmental issues do development and household planning. exist with extensive indoor wood stoves. The Kosovo’s SO2, NO2, CO and O3 levels do not efficiency of wood burning stoves can be as exceed EU limiting values. high as 70 to 80% but many of the stoves in

Kosovo are expected to have efficiencies The coal consumption (for electricity which are lower than these values. The best generation) in Kosovo is vitally important for designed and more expensive stoves can the economy. Kosovo’s coal reserves are very produce almost no smoke, minimal ash, and substantial with Lignite reserves of 10 Billion require less woodfuel therefore reducing Tons. Only Germany (42 Billion Tons) and emissions for the same heat production. Old Poland (14 Billion Tons) have greater Lignite stoves are likely to release 15 to 30 grams of reserves in Europe than Kosovo (Table 1.4). A smoke per hour. The U.S.A. EPA-certified major challenge to Kosovo with both coal and wood stoves produce only 2 to 7 grams of woodfuel is the emissions of particulate smoke per hour (EPA's mandatory smoke matter, methane and other pollutants. In emission limit is 7.5 grams/hour for non- 2010 there was only one monitoring station catalytic stoves and 4.1 for catalytic stoves) in Prishtina (Institute of Hydrometeorology of [1.11]. Kosovo, IHMK). This existing station records

Facts & Figures | 3 The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables

the particulate matter in the environment (72 Figure 1.2 Residential Electricity Tariffs (€ cents) micrograms per cubic meter) which exceeds the EU acceptable level (50 micrograms per cubic meter, Table 1.5). Residential Electricity Tariffs 2012 20 Homes in Kosovo are paying much higher 15 percentages of their incomes for electricity, 10 even though the electricity tariffs are among 5 some of the lowest in Europe (Figure 1.2). 0

Cents/kWh UK

Countries like UK, Italy and Germany are Italy France Kosova Croatia paying around 15 Eurocents per kWh. Norway Denmark Germany Countries like Kosovo, Serbia and Macedonia Macedonia Countries are only charging around 5 Eurocents per kWh [1.8]. Potential increased electricity Ref 1.8 & 1.12 tariffs in Kosovo will add significant pressure on most households and prompt increased usage of alternative fuels. The AUK studies show that around 60% of Kosovo urban homes are paying between 10% and 30% of their family income on electricity consumption (Section 2). This is a particularly huge burden for Kosovo homes and the major reason why wood fuel is so prevalent.

Facts & Figures | 4 The AUK Surveys and Residential Energy Consumption Variables

References

1.1 Bajraktari AB, Pira BP , Ebner ME, Petutsching AB (2010). “Estimation of firewood usage in Kosovo Perspectives for Future Development.” University of Prishtina, viewed 10 January 2011,

Facts & Figures | 5 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

2. 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

In Summer 2012 the six major cities of the urban centers of Kosovo. A total of 2,966 Kosovo, Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, homes, from the 6 cities, provides an Peja, and Prizren, had AUK student teams impressive and comprehensive data set from visiting them with questionnaires from the which the most reliable data, so far, is AUK Household Energy Efficiency Survey. The documented for Kosovo. The 2011 Kosovo number of homes visited in each city are Census reports that 42.6% of the total listed in Table 2.1. The survey for the capital population of the country are living in the city, Prishtina, had been completed earlier in urban centers [2.5]. the summer of 2010 (Section 3). The total urban homes visited over the 2010/2013 The aggregated data from the six cities has period amounted to 5,338. been analyzed based on the floor sizes of the homes. In these urban centers 92% of all Table 2.1 Number of Homes Surveyed homes visited have a floor area of between 50m2 to 250m2. There are 19% of the homes Name of City Number of having 86-100m2 and 21% having 101-150m2 Surveyed in 2012 Homes Surveyed (Table 2.2). In the majority of all homes most Ferizaj 466 Gjakova 500 of them will be heating only one or two Gjilan 502 rooms in winter time. In the smallest homes 2 Mitrovica 500 (<50m ) 65% of them are heating only one Peja 500 room. In the largest homes 31% of them are Prizren 500 heating only one room (Table 2.2). In most Prishtina (2010) 2,370 instances the homes are purchasing 6-10m3 TOTAL 5,338 of timber each year. In the medium sized

homes of 86-100m2 there are 66% of them Sections 4 to 9 in this report provide the purchasing 6-10m3 annually and 16% are survey results on an individual city by city purchasing 11-15m3 annually (Table 2.2). basis. This section aggregates all the results There are 45% of the largest homes spending from the 6 cities (excluding Prishtina) for over €325 annually for purchasing wood each of the questions in the survey. The while in the smallest homes 38% are numbers provided here are therefore most spending €101-175. Nearly half of the homes useful when attempting to understand the are paying €31-60 per month on their January general picture of household energy electricity bill. Nearly half of the smaller consumption in homes have 6-10 electric light bulbs and

nearly half of the largest homes have >15

(Table 2.2).

Facts & Figures | 6 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

Table 2.2 Aggregated Data from Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Peja, and Prizren

Over 55% of all urban homes in Kosovo were 2.A Household Backgrounds shown to have between 5 and 8 people living in them. About one third of all urban homes Figure A.1 shows that over 60% of all homes have 4 or less people living in them. Less in the six cities were built in the period 1970- than 10% of all homes have more than 8 2000. Just over 20% of homes were built people in them (Figure A.3). Generally across after 2000. About 15% were built before most of Europe the preferred family size 1970. The majority of homes are therefore continues to have two children. Family sizes about 12 to 42 years old with only just under in Kosovo are therefore larger than most one seventh of the homes being older than homes in Europe [2.9]. The OECD average 42 years. Most homes should therefore be sized family in the early 2000s was with 3.9 suitable for investing in energy efficiency people. Ireland had the largest average improvements. Only about 4% of all homes family size with 4.3 people. Family sizes in 2 had less than 50m of floor space and the Balkan region tended to be just below another 4% that were having more than four people (Romania, Slovenia and Greece 2 250m of space (Figure A.2). Over 90% of all were all about 3.9 and Bulgaria 3.6) [2.7]. In 2 homes have 51-250m of floor space. urban areas of Albania 55% of family are four

Facts & Figures | 7 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

people in size. The average number of birth Figure A.3. Family Size, Aggregate per woman in Albania is 1.6 [2.6]. Both 60 regionally and Europe wide the sizes of 50 families in Kosovo tend to be larger. In 40 Kosovo about one third of the population is 30 in the age range of 16 to 35 years old. 20 Another third of the population is in the 36 to 10

65 years of age. 59% of Kosovo’s urban of Homes Percentage 0 1-4 5-8 9-12 >12 population is below 35 years of age (Figure people people people people A.4). Number of People Living in the Residence

Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, Aggregate Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, Aggregate 80 20% 60 15% 40 20 10%

0 5% of Homes Percentage Old (before Medium New (after 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) of People Percentage 0% <6 7-15 16-19 20-25 26-35 36-50 51-65 >65 Dates of Construction years years years years years years years years Age Range

Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m3),

Aggregate In Kosovo 42% of urban homes have one

25 person working and 27% of them have two

20 people working (Figure A.5). Kosovo's

15 unemployment rate is estimated at 45%

10 (mainly young people, women, and those 5 with only basic education). This is the highest 0 in the Western . Unemployment Percentage of of Homes Percentage rates across Europe continue to rise and on average are just over 10% of the working Home Area population. The rate of unemployment in Kosovo however is extremely high compared to most other European states.

Facts & Figures | 8 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

purchasing Oak and nearly one third Beech Figure A.5. Employment of Residents, Aggregate (Figure B.6).

50 Figure B.1. Heating Sources, 40 Aggregate 30 100

20 80 10 60 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 >6 20 Number of People Employed of Homes Percentage 0 2.B Heating Systems Heating Sources A significant result from the surveys shows that on average 85% of urban homes in Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Kosovo are using wood as their main source Heated, Aggregate of heating (Figure B.1). Only about 9% of 50 urban homes use electricity for heating. 40

Wood is the cheapest fuel source and 30 electricity continues to be a costly 20 commodity for most homes. Kosovo’s rate of domestic wood consumption is anticipated to 10 be higher than is generally accepted [2.2]. of Homes Percentage 0 The consumption patterns in homes is very 1 2 3 4 6 More Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms selective with 41% of the homes heating only Number of Rooms Heated one room and 33% of homes heating two rooms. This is very energy efficient consciousness compared with most homes Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Bought in 2011, Aggregate across Europe and the United States (Figure 30% 25%

B.2). 87% of the urban homes are consuming 3 3 between 5m and 15m of wood per annum 20% (Figure B.3). Around 28% of homes are 15% 3 consuming about 10m of wood per annum. 10%

The overall average consumption of wood 5% 3 per home is 9.75 m per annum. Most of the of Homes Percentage 0% homes are spending between €150 to €300 1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931333537 per annum in purchasing wood (Figure B.4). m3 of wood In nearly all cases the homes are using wood simply because it is the cheapest fuel source (Figure B.5). About two thirds of homes are

Facts & Figures | 9 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying 2.C Electricity Consumption Wood in 2011, Aggregate The survey data shows that 31% of homes

25% are spending 10% to 20% of family income on 20% their electricity bill. About 28% of homes are 15% spending between 20% to 30% of family 10% income on electricity (Figure C.1). The cost of 5% electricity to most Kosovo homes is Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0% extremely expensive. This requires families to

30 110 190 270 350 430 510 590 670 750 830 910 990

1070 1150 purchase low cost wood which also promotes Euros Spent on Wood air pollution in the cities of Kosovo. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood, (EIA) the average energy consumption in U.S. Aggregate homes in 2009 was just over 90 GJ/home

100 [2.8]. The amount of energy consumed for 80 heating in the 27 EU countries is just over 71 60 40 GJ/home/year [2.3]. There is increased 20 appreciation for the low cost of coal, in the 0 U.S. although concerns continue for the impact on the environment. A very similar Percetnage of of Homes Percetnage case is to be made for Kosovo. Estimates in Reasons for Using Wood this AUK survey show that the average urban Kosovo home will use about 78 GJ (assuming 9.75 m3/year x 8 GJ/m3) for heating each year Figure B.6. Wood Types, Aggregate [2.1]. It is even more critical for Kosovo, with 70 its’ very low GDP and weak economy, to have

60 low cost fuel supplies. With the current high 50 electricity costs for Kosovo consumers there 40 will be little likelihood of increasing the use of 30 electricity for heating purposes. In summer 20 months most of Kosovo’s urban homes (62%)

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 0 will spend €16-30/month on electricity Oak Beech Pine Turkey (Figure C.2). In winter months most homes Oak Wood Types (45%) will pay €31-60/month on electricity (Figure C.3). In summer there are less than 3% of the homes spending €60-100/month on electricity but in winter there are 23% of homes paying this rate.

Facts & Figures | 10 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

26% wall insulation and 84% have insulated Figure C.1. Spending on Electricity hot water tanks (Tables D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4). In as a Percentage of Family Income, Aggregate west European countries these values are 40 higher. In the United Kingdom for example, 30 66% of the homes have roof insulation and 20 69% have wall insulation [2.4]. 10 0 Table D.1. of Homes Percentage Roof Insulation Percentage of Homes Percentage of Income No 63.7 Yes 32.9

Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Don't know 3.4 Electricity in July, Aggregate, 2011

70 Table D.2. 60 50 Double Glazing Percentage of Homes 40 30 No 52.9 20 Yes 46.4

of Homes Percentage 10 Don't know .7 0 < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €60-100 > €100 Amount Spent on Electricity Table D.3. Wall Insulation Percentage of Homes

Figure C.3. Amount Spent on No 69.5 Electricity in January, Aggregate, Yes 26.0 2011 Don't know 4.4 50

40 30 Table D.4. 20 10 Water Tank Percentage of Homes 0 Insulation Percentage of of Homes Percentage < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €60-100 > €100 No 15.7 Amount Spent on Electricity Yes 84.3

2.D Insulation of Homes

In Kosovo’s urban homes 33% of them are having roof insulation, 46% double glazing,

Facts & Figures | 11 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

2.E Cooking one wood stove and less than 3% of homes have two wood stoves (Table E.3). The On average, using the aggregated data from majority of all wood stoves have been the 2012 six cities survey, about 44% of all of manufactured in Serbia (Table E.5). The Kosovo’s urban homes are using wood for homes that use natural gas for cooking will cooking purposes and 31% are using gas purchase the 3 Liter sized gas bottles (Table bottles. 25% are using electricity for cooking E.4). (Figure E.1). Nearly 40% of the homes use 25-50% of their wood supplies for cooking Table E.1. and nearly another 40% of the homes use 50- 75% of their wood supplies for cooking Woodstoves in the Percentage of Homes House (Figure E.2). No 19.1 Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, Yes 80.9 Aggregate

50 Table E.2. 40 Woodstove as a Percentage of Homes 30 Primary Heat Source 20 No 16.2 10 Yes Percentage of of Homes Percentage 83.8 0

Wood Gas Bottles Electricity

Cooking Sources Table E.3.

Number of Percentage of Homes Woodstoves Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, Aggregate 1 92.7 2 6.7

50 3 .5 40 more .1 30

20 Table E.4. 10

of Homes Percentage 0 Size Total 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% of the Number of Gas Bottles Percentage of Wood Used for Cooking Gas Used per Month Bottle (l) Just over 80% of the homes have a wood <1 1 2 3 >3 4 >4 0.3 118 120 43 10 8 299 stove (Table E.1). Nearly 84% of the homes 3.0 407 475 127 60 20 1089 use these stoves for their primary heating 15.0 201 340 69 9 5 624 source (Table E.2). Nearly 93% of homes own

Facts & Figures | 12 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

Table E.5. Table F.4.

Woodstove Percentage of Homes Number of Efficiency Light Percentage Manufacturing Bulbs in Homes country <4 35.28% Serbia 87.8 5-8 31.84% Turkey 3.8 9-12 17.15% Slovenia 3.6 12-16 7.60% Other 4.8 >16 8.12%

Table F.5. 2.F Lighting Amount of Watts in Home's Percentage Standard Light Bulbs All homes in Kosovo are using electric lighting 40 21.64% and over half of these are using energy 60 27.08% efficient light bulbs (Tables F.1, F.2). The 75 22.22% number and types of electric light bulbs that 100 28.18% are being used are listed in Tables F.3, F.4, 200 0.88% and F.5.

Table F.1. 2.G Transportation

Source Used to Light Homes Percentage Almost 36% of Kosovo homes do not own a Electricity 99.9% car. Nearly 56% of homes own one car and Battery (Inventor) 0.1% 7% own two cars (Table G.1). 56% of cars owned are using diesel fuel (Table G.2) and Table F.2. 42% of diesel car owners will consume 25-50 Liters of fuel/month (Figure G.1). 20% of car Type of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage owners consume less than 25 Liters/month Used and another 20% consume 51-75 Energy Eff. - Neon light bulbs 51.90% Liters/month. Similar consumption rates Standard - Incandescent 48.10% were recorded for gasoline cars (Figure G.2).

Table F.3. Table G.1

Number of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage Number of Cars Percentage of Homes in Homes Owned 1-5 14.29% 0 35.9 6-10 36.18% 1 55.8 11-15 22.97% 2 7.0 >15 26.57% 3 1.0 >3 .3

Facts & Figures | 13 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

Table G.2. 2.H Health

Type of Fuel Percentage of Homes There is limited data on the health Diesel 56.0 consequences of using wood stoves in Gasoline 39.2 Kosova. The survey shows that over 80% of Natural Gas 4.8 homes in the urban areas of Kosovo are using wood stoves, in the winter months, from 7 to Table G.3. 16 hours per day (Figure H.1). When asked about respiratory health problems the Public Transport Percentage of Homes majority of families said they have had no Usage 0-25% 80.6 problems (Table H.1). 26-50% 14.2 51-75% 3.6 Table H.1. 76-100% 1.6 Members with Percentage respiratory problems in the family No 91.7 Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel Used per Month (Liters) Yes 8.3

50 40 Figure H.1. Hours per day in January 30 the Woodstove is Used, Aggregate 20 50 10 40 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 30 <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 Amount of Diesel per Month (L) 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0

Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline <6 7-11 12-16 17-21 21-24 Used per Month (Liters) Hours per day

50 40 Nearly 60% of homes spoken to in the survey are cigarette smokers. Nearly one third of 30 homes have two smokers in them. (Figure 20 H.2). Almost 20% of adults smoke 10 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage cigarettes at home each day and over 20% 0 smoke 20 cigarettes (Figure H.3). Over 60% <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 Amount of Gasoline per Month (L) of adults smoke 7 to 15 cigarettes per day outside of the home (Figure H.4). About 50% of adults have been smoking for 10 to 20

Facts & Figures | 14 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

years and 10% have been smoking for around Figure H.5. Years of Smoking by 30 years (Figure H.5). Adults, Aggregate

25 Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette 20 Smokers, Aggregate 15 70 10 60 50 5 40 0 30 1 5 9 1317212529333742475260 20 Percentage of Adult Residents Years of Smoking Percentage of Adults 10 0 1 2 3 4 >4 Regular Cigarette Smokers Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes Smoked on Average Inside and

Outside the Residence, Aggregate Figure H.3. Number of Cigarettes Smoked Inside the Residence By 12 10 25 Adults, Aggregate 8 20 6 4 15 2

10 of Homes Percentage 0 3

5 11 19 27 35 43 51 61 73 95 110 145

Percentage of Adults 0 Number of Cigarettes 1 5 9 13 18 22 26 33 40 50 61 80 110 Number of cigarettes smoked inside the residence

Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Smoked Each Day Outside the Residence by Adults, Aggregate

50 40 30 20 10

Percentage of Adults 0 7 15 25 32 40 47 55 65 80 Cigarettes Smoked

Facts & Figures | 15 2012 Aggregated Data From Kosovo’s Six Major Cities

References

2.1 Beacon Stoves 2.2 Bowen, H. Brian, James A. Myers, and Agon Nixha (2011). “Kosova’s Household Energy Efficiency and Fuel Supplies.” Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 545-663. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 2.3 “Energy Efficiency Indicators in Europe.” (2012). Odyssee Database. 2.4 “Estimates of Home Insulation Levels in Great Britain.” (2012, December). Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2.5 Kosovo Statistical Agency (2012). “Kosovo Residential Survey 2011.” 2.6 Nurja, Ines, Lantona Sado, Bukuri Dumani, Alma Spaho, Ledia Thomo and Trevor Croft. (2011, January). “Socio Demographic Changes of the Family and Child Development in Albania.” National Institute of Statistics (INSTAT). 2.7 OECD Family Database, OECD - Social Policy Division - Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Family size and Household Composition. 2.8 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) (2009). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2.9 Testa, Maria Rita. (2011). “Family Sizes in Europe: Evidence from the 2011 Eurobarometer Survey.” Wittgenstein Centre, Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna.

Facts & Figures | 16 Prishtina

3. Prishtina

In summer 2010 the capital city Prishtina was Figure 3.1 The AUK Survey Area of surveyed and 2,370 homes were visited by Prishtina the AUK data collection team. The survey area was limited to the Prishtina city center and immediate surrounding neighborhoods (35 sq km) making it about 1/16th of the total area of the Municipality of Prishtina. The completion of each questionnaire took about 20 to 30 minutes and nearly every other home around the city responded positively to completing the questionnaire.

Kosovo is divided into 37 municipalities of which Prishtina is the largest. The Kolovica neighborhood was at the north-east corner of the 2010 Prishtina survey area; Vranjevc in the north-west corner neighborhood, Emshir in the south-west corner, and Veternik in the south-easterly corner (Figure 3.1). There was considerable variation in the size of the The ratio of apartments to houses in Prishtina homes as well as the mix of houses and was 60% to 40% respectively. The Prishtina apartments. In the Prishtina survey 65% of municipality as a whole is reported to have a the homes had 50-100m2 of floor space, 20% 30% to 70% ratio, estimating there to be a had 100-200, 8% had less than 50 and 7% had greater proportion of houses. The higher more than 200m2. density of apartments in the Prishtina city center was to be expected [3.1].

Facts & Figures | 17 Prishtina

Kosovo’s energy intensity is very comparable Figure 3.2 Heating Sources in Prishtina’s Homes with values in other European states but with fluorescent lighting in Prishtina at 33% of the homes it lags behind the European average of 46% (Table 3.1). The aggregate data of Kosovo’s other major cities (Section 2) shows the use of efficiency lighting to be 51% and therefore attaining similar standards to the EU and better than those in the capital city Prishtina.

Table 3.1 Homes Using Fluorescent Lighting Results from the Prishtina survey show, that for heating purposes, over 36% of the houses Region Any Type of Fluorescent in Prishtina are burning woodfuel and 31% of EU (Average) 2007 = 46% homes are using electricity (Figure 3.2). USA (EIA) 1993 = 42% Central heating systems (district heating, Prishtina (Kosovo) 2010 = 33% Source: [EU Energy Statistics, 2009] supplied by a central heating authority

“Termokos” using crude oil) supply over 19% The EU value of 46% comes from a limited of all heating needs. The lower cost of 2007 EU survey consisting of 500 homes purchasing woodfuel encourages greater use [3.3]. The European Environment Agency 3 of it (2010 costs were €35/m ) for heating. notes that in Europe the introduction of more This in turn raises concerns over emissions in efficient electrical appliances and heating the home and into the external environment. installations has not made a significant Reasonably improved energy efficiency decrease in household electricity measures in Kosovo should be able to bring consumption. As electricity demand increases down the country’s household energy the existing efficiency measures are not consumption levels from the 2010 level of keeping pace with it. In 2010 the European 33.3% of total national consumption to the Parliament demanded a binding target to lower EU average of 26.3%. improve energy efficiency by 20% across the region by 2020.

Facts & Figures | 18 Prishtina

Table 3.2 Prishtina Homes & Fuel Supplies

Percentage Quantity of Money Spent Percentage of Number of Number of Fuel of Woodfuel on Woodfuel Family Income Gas Bottles Cars in Consumed Prishtina Purchased per per Year for per Month Each Home Per Car Home Homes Year Electricity 70% 79.5% 1-5 60% 58.0% 25-75 Liters 50% 56.4% 41% 58.0% 6-10m3 10-20% 1 car 40% 36.6% >€325 30% 20.8% 30.1% 25% 20.0% 0-5m3 €176-325 <10% <25 L 20% 13.7% 18.1% 21% 12.8% 14.0% 11-15m3 €101-175 20-30% 6-10 76-125 L 10% 4.8% 13.5% 8%, >40% 4.8%, >15 8.0%, 2 cars 5.0%, > 175 L >16m3 €101-175 5%, 34-40% 2.9%, 11-15 1.0%, 3 cars 3.0%, 126- 175 L

Approximately two thirds of the 2370 homes In Prishtina, there is more heating by in the 2010 Prishtina survey had 50 to 100m2 firewood than by electricity owing to the of floor space size. 54% of the houses had higher proportion of houses which can burn insulated roofs and 55% of all homes had it. Over 36% of homes in the Prishtina area some double glazing. About one third of all use firewood for heating, this is much less homes had installed some efficiency light than in the other main urban areas of Kosovo bulbs (Table 3.1). Of those homes which had (Figure 3.2). The aggregate data from the double glazing nearly 80% of them had all other six main cities of Kosovo shows that windows double glazed. 85% of homes (Section 2) are using wood for heating purposes. Prishtina uses much less Energy savings from double glazing can last wood than the other urban areas. This will be for twenty years. This is a reasonable life due to the higher percentage of apartments. expectancy and with high quality installations The majority of homes in the Prishtina survey they can last for more than 30 years. With (Table 3.2) were using natural gas but the double glazing, however, when considering aggregate results for the other six main cities the energy needed to manufacture and (Section 2) shows that only about 30% of the install, then the pay-back period is so long homes were using natural gas (for cooking). that some sources predict it takes longer than the life of the installation [3.4].

Facts & Figures | 19 Prishtina

Table 3.3 Wood, Coal and Electricity in Prishtina’s Different Sized Home

Home Sizes (% Total) Small Medium Large Very Large <50 m2 (8%) 50-100 m2 (65%) 100-200 m2 (20%) >200 m2 (7%) Number of heated 1 room= 32% 1 room= 16% 1 room= 18% 1 room= 11% rooms in dwellings 2 rooms= 47% 2 rooms=40% 2 rooms= 24% 2 rooms=18% 3 rooms= 21% 3 rooms=27% 3 rooms= 26% 3 rooms=19% - 4 rooms=10% 4 rooms=17% 4 rooms=13% - 5 rooms=7% 5 rooms= 15% 5 rooms=39% Amount of Wood 0-5=25% 0-5=25% 0-5= 10% 0-5=11% 3 purchased yearly (m ) 6-10= 57% 6-10=59% 6-10= 61% 6-10=50% 11-15=18% 11-15=13% 11-15= 18% 11-15=27% - >16=3% >16= 11% >16=11% Amount of Money 25-100=5% 25-100=2% 25-100= 1% 25-100=5% Spent on Buying 101-175= 24% 101-175=13% 101-175= 7% 101-175=5% Timber Yearly (€) 176-250= 43% 176-250=29% 176-250= 17% 176-250=17% 251-325= 9% 251-325=28% 251-325= 30% 251-325=23% >325= 19% >325=28% >325= 46% >325=50% Amount of Coal <1= 67% <1=5% <1= 5% - Purchased Yearly 1-3= 33% 1-3=47% 1-3= 25% 1-3=17% (tons) - 4-6=17% 4-6= 20% 4-6=38% - >6=31% >6= 50% >6=45% Number of Electric 1-7= 64% 1-7=35% 1-7= 13% 1-7=5% Light Bulbs used in 8-15=21% 8-15=38% 8-15= 48% 8-15=25% Dwellings >15= 15% >15=27% >15= 39% >15=70% Amount of Money <30= 27% <30=11% <30= 12% <30=16% Spent on Electiricty in 31-60= 51% 31-60=43% 31-60= 46% 31-60=28% a Winter Month (€) 61-100= 16% 61-100=28% 61-100= 25% 61-100=33% >100= 6% >100=18% >100= 17% >100=23%

In the Prishtina survey 41% of homes (31% in Energy consumption trends in the Prishtina the aggregate cities) were paying 10-20% of homes are classified in four categories. These their income on electricity (Figure 3.3). There are small 50m2, medium 50-100m2, large 100- were 21% of the Prishtina homes (28% of the 200m2, and very large >200m2. Table 3.3 aggregate cities) paying 20-30% of their summarizes the findings based on the sizes of income on electricity, 25% were paying less homes for the four categories. In the small than 10% (15% in the aggregate cities), then homes category there is a tendency to heat 8% (4%) were paying over 40%, and 5% (12%) fewer rooms. In this category 32% of them paying 30-40%. In total 75% of the Prishtina heat only one room while with the large homes (85% in the aggregate cities) were homes category only 18% of them heat just paying 10% or more of their income on their one room. The small homes also purchase electricity bill. These relative percentages less woodfuel than the larger homes. In the indicate how salaries are higher in Prishtina small homes 25% purchase 0-5m3 of woodfuel than in the other main cities of Kosovo. while in the large homes only 10% of the wood consuming homes purchased 0-5m3. 46% of the large homes paid more than €325 per year.

Facts & Figures | 20 Prishtina

Figure 3.3 Prishtina’s Spending on Electricity category 6% if these homes pay more than as a Percentage of Family Income €100 per month in winter for electricity.

The medium sized homes category (50- 100m2) comprised of 65% of all homes in the survey and this category provides the most typical home size for Prishtina. 67% of the medium size home category (40%+27%) normally heat 2 or 3 rooms in the winter months (Figure 3.4). 59% of these homes will purchase an average 8 m3 of wood per year. The weighted average of wood consumption This amount of money for wood was only paid for this large home category is 7.515 m3/year by 19% of the small homes which used wood [(2.5 x 0.25)+ (8.0 x 0.59) + (13 x 0.13) + for heating. Very little coal is used for heating (16.0x0.03)]. In the large and very large home in the small homes. 67% of the coal categories there are respectively 46% and consuming homes purchased less than 1 50% of homes in each category which spend Tonne per year. In the large homes 50% more than €325 per year for purchasing purchased more than 6 Tonnes of coal each wood. In the medium size homes only 28% year. In the larger homes there are 87% pay more than €325 on annual wood (48+39) of them that use more than 8 light supplies. 57% of the medium size homes pay bulbs compared to the small homes where between €176-325 on wood each year only 36% (21+15) use more than 8 light bulbs. (29%+28%). This category is also the one Winter electricity bills (€/month) in the larger which consumes most domestic coal. 47% of homes are higher. 25% of the large homes medium size homes use 1-3 Tonnes of coal category pay €61-100 and 16% pay this per year. amount in the small homes. 17% of the large homes pay more than €100 and only 6% of the The summer 2010 survey showed that over small homes pay this much. 36% of the Prishtina houses, that use firewood for heating purposes, are spending The very large homes category (>200m2) more than €325 per year to purchase the comprises 7% of the total homes in Prishtina. firewood. In many cases this is equivalent to 39% of these homes heat more than 5 rooms one month’s salary per year being spent on in winter. 71% of them heat three rooms or firewood. more (39% + 13% + 19%, Table 3.3) compared to only 21% in the small homes category who heat three rooms. Not surprisingly in the very large homes category 70% of them have more than 15 light bulbs in use and 23% of them pay more than €100 per month in winter for electricity. In the small homes

Facts & Figures | 21 Prishtina

Figure 3.4 Number of Rooms Heated in (16% + 40% + 27%). Around 40% of the Prishtina Homes Prishtina homes could afford to heat three rooms or more.

The Prishtina homes dataset provides a valuable insight into major energy sources in Kosovo’s residential sector. In particular, the consumption patterns of the medium size homes (50-100m2) provide similar results to those obtained from the averages of all homes. The Prishtina survey indicated that an average of 7.58 m3 of wood was consumed Another indicator of high heating costs for per home annually. For the medium size over half of the homes is shown in the home it was 7.515 m3 [3.2]. From the data for Prishtina study by 54% of the total homes all Prishtina homes 78% heat one to three heat only one or two rooms being heated in rooms and for the medium size category it winter. For the medium sized homes 56% of was 83%. For all homes in the Prishtina them heat one or two rooms (16% + 40%). survey 62% spend between 10-30% of family About 18% of homes are heating one room income on electricity. The weighted average and 36% are heating two rooms. Considering of the electricity costs in a medium size home all categories of homes 78% of them heat is €63 each winter month. Using this sum of between one to three rooms in winter (18% + €63 and the 10% to 30% of family income 36% + 24%, Figure 3.4). Similar in magnitude values it indicates the range of income being is the value of 83% for the medium sized €208 to €630. homes which heat one to three rooms

References

[3.1] Berisha, LB. (2010). “Applying Energy Efficiency Standards in Kosovo’s Residential Buildings,” Masters’ Thesis, American University in Kosovo, Prishtine. [3.2] Bowen, H. Brian, James A. Myers, and Agon Nixha (2011). “Kosovo’s Household Energy Efficiency and Fuel Supplies.” Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 545-663. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. [3.3] EU Energy Statistics, viewed 24 May 2010, [3.4] Howell, J. (2010). “Home Improvements: Double-glazing Dilemma.” The Telegraph, 05 May, p.1, viewed 20 November 2010,

Facts & Figures | 22 Ferizaj

4. Ferizaj

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo Nearly 62% of Ferizaj homes have 5 to 8 reports that the City of Ferizaj had a total family members living in them. There are population of 108,610. The AUK Household 27% of the homes having 1 to 4 people living Energy Consumption Project conducted 466 in them and just over 10% of the homes have household interviews in the city of Ferizaj, more than 8 people living in them. There is a completing detailed questionnaires in each wide spread of ages in the Ferizaj homes. household. Around 63% of the inhabitants are below 35 years of age and nearly 37% are over 35. 4.A Ferizaji Home Backgrounds There are about 5% of people who are aged 65 or more (Figures A.3, A.4). In 46% of the Almost 60% of the homes in Ferizaj were homes there is one person who is fully constructed between 1970 and 2000. Only employed. In 24% of Ferizaj homes there are 2% of the homes visited were more than 50 two people fully employed and in 13% of years old. It is 39% of all Ferizaj homes, in the homes there are three people or more who AUK survey, that were built after the 1999 are fully employed (Figure A.5). Conflict. 9% of all homes, in the AUK survey for Ferizaj, have a floor area of between 51m2 Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, Ferizaj and 85m2. About 21% of the homes have an area of between 50m2 and 100m2 (Figures 80

60 A.1, A.2). It is 78% of the homes that have an 2 area greater than 100m . 40 20 0 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Old (before Medium New (after 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) Residential Classification

Facts & Figures | 23 Ferizaj

Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m2), Figure A.5. Employment of Residents, Ferizaj Ferizaj

40 50 30 40 20 30 10 0 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Home Area Number of People Employed

Figure A.3. Family Size, Ferizaj 4.B Heating Systems in Ferizaj

70 60 Almost 95% of all the homes, surveyed in the 50 40 City of Ferizaj, are using wood for heating 30 purposes. Just under 4% of them are using 20 10 electricity for heating purposes. In 43% of

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 the homes only one room gets heated and 1-4 5-8 9-12 >12 only 12% of the homes heat more than two people people people people rooms (Figures B.1, B.2). There are 66% of Number of People Living in the Residence the Ferizaj homes that heat either one or two rooms. Many Ferizaj homes tend to purchase

10m3 or 15m3 of wood each year (see Figure Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, B.3). There appears to be a large number of Ferizaj homes purchasing 15m3 of wood per year but

20% this high number could result from 15% respondents who are uncertain of the total 10% purchases made each year. The average 5% 0% amount of wood purchased each year is 3

Percentage of of People Percentage 12.1m . The amount spent per home each year for purchasing wood tends to be around €250. Wood is by far the cheapest means of Age Range heating a home (Figures B.4, B.5). The two main types of wood that is used for heating is

Oak and Beech.

Facts & Figures | 24 Ferizaj

Figure B.1. Heating Sources in Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying Ferizaj's Homes Wood, Ferizaj 2011

120 40 100 30 80 60 20 40 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0

Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 Wood Gas Electricity Oil 100 190 280 370 460 550 640 730 820 910

Bottles 1000 1090 1180 Heating Sources Euros Spent on Wood

Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Heated Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood, in Ferizaj's homes Ferizaj

120 50 100 40 80 30 60 20 10 40 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 1 Room 2 3 4 More 0 Rooms Rooms Rooms Cheap Traditional Number of rooms heated Reasons for Using Wood

Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Figure B.6. Wood Types, Ferizaj

Bought in 2011, Ferizaj 70

50 60 50 40 40 30 30 20 20

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 10 0 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 Oak Beech Pine Turkey 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 Oak m3 of wood Wood Types

The average amount of wood consumed by wood consuming homes in Ferizaj (440 out of 466 visited) is 3 12.12 m . Total wood consumed in the 440 wood burning homes is 5331 m3.

Facts & Figures | 25 Ferizaj

4.C Electricity Consumption in Figure C.3. Amount Spent on Electricity in January, Ferizaj, 2011

Ferizaj 50 The levels of income in the City of Ferizaj are 40 severely stretched in regards to paying for 30 electricity. In about one third of the homes 20 the respondents reported that less than 10% 10 of the family income is spent on electricity. of Homes Percentage 0 Around 30% of the homes spend 10% to 20% of their income on electricity (Figure C.1). Amount Spent on Electricity During a typical summer month a home will spend about €16 to €30/month on their electricity bill. In the winter months it will be 4.D Insulation of Home in about €31 to €60/month (Figures C.2, C.3). Ferizaj

Figure C.1. Ferizaj's Spending on The most cost effective means of home Electricity as a Percentage of Family Income insulation is to ensure there is an insulated roof. In 41% of the Ferizaj homes there is roof

40 insulation. The next most important form on 30 home insulation is with double glazing and in 20 70% of the Ferizaj homes there is double 10 glazing. Hot water tank insulation is in 98% 0

Percentage of of Homes Percentage of the Ferizaj homes and 28% have wall < 10% 10%-20% 20%-30% 30%-40% insulation (Tables D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4). Percentage of Income Table D.1.

Roof Percentage Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Electricity in July, Ferizaj, 2011 Insulation of Homes Yes 41.3

60 No 51.2 50 40 Don't know 7.5 30 20 10 Table D.2. Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €60-100 > €100 Double Percentage Glazing of Homes Amount Spent on Electricity Yes 70.2 No 29.2 Don't know .6

Facts & Figures | 26 Ferizaj

Table D.3. Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, Ferizaj Wall Percentage

Insulation of Homes 100 Yes 27.8 80 No 67.8 60 Don't know 4.3 40 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Table D.4. Wood Gas Bottles Electricity Cooking Sources Water Tank Percentage Insulation of Homes

Yes 97.9 No 2.1 Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, Ferizaj

80 4.E Cooking in Ferizaj 60 40 Over 87% of the Ferizaj surveyed homes are 20 using electricity for cooking purposes. More of Homes Percentage than 60% of the homes are using 50% to 75% 0 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% of their wood supplies for cooking purposes Percentage of Wood Used for Cooking (Figures E.1, E.2). Tables E.1 to E.4 supply information on the woodstoves being used. Over 95% of homes have wood stoves and nearly 95% of homes only employ one Table E.1. woodstove. There are 93% of the Woodstoves in Percentage woodstoves which have been manufactured the house in Serbia and 7% manufactured in other No 4.5 countries. The majority of homes are using 2 Yes 95.5 bottle of gas per month and the most used size is 3 Liters. Table E.2.

Woodstove as a Percentage Primary Heat Source No 5.0 Yes 95

Facts & Figures | 27 Ferizaj

Table E.3. Table F.1.

Number of Percentage First Source Used to Light Homes Percentage Woodstoves Electricity 100 1 94.2 2 5.2 3 .4 Table F.2. more .2 Type of Electric Light Bulbs Used Percentage Table E.4. Energy Eff. - Neon light bulbs 64.1 Standard - Incandescent 35.8 Woodstove Percentage Manufacturing Country Table F.3. Serbia 93 Number of Electric Light Bulbs in Percentage Other 7 Homes 1-5 3.7 Table E.5. 6-10 29.0 11-15 25.4 Size of Number of Gas Bottles Used per Total the Gas Month >15 41.9 Bottle (l) <1 1 2 3 >3 4 >4 Table F.4. 0.3 1 3 5 1 1 11 Number of Efficiency Light Percentage 3.0 74 118 48 34 14 288 Bulbs in Homes 15.0 42 95 23 5 1 166 <4 28.3 5-8 28.3 9-12 16.2 12-16 7.7 4.F Lighting in Ferizaj >16 19.5

All homes are using electricity for lighting Table F.5. purposes and more than half of the Ferizaj Amount of Watts in Home's Percentage homes are using some energy efficiency Standard Light Bulbs bulbs. About 29% of homes have 6 to 10 light 60 5.3 bulbs and 42% have more than 15 light bulbs. 75 65.3 Nearly 57% of homes have between 1 and 8 100 29.4 energy efficient light bulbs. Nearly 95% of homes are using either 75Watt or 100Watt light bulbs (Tables F.1 to F.5).

Facts & Figures | 28 Ferizaj

4.G Transportation in Ferizaj Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel Used per month (Liters)

From the Ferizaj homes that were surveyed 40 nearly 64% of them own a car. Over 23% of 30 homes owned no car. Over 12% of the homes 20 owned more than one car. 48% of the car owners are using Diesel fuel (Tables G.1, G.2). 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage For the owners of diesel cars most of the 0 owners are consuming 25 and 50 liters of fuel <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 per month. 43% owners of gasoline driven Amount of Diesel per month (Liters) cars tend to consume between 25 and 50 liters per month (Figures G.1, G.2). 82% of the Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline Used homes use public transport up to 25% of the per month (Liters) time and about 15% of them using it between 50 26% and 50% of the time (Table G.3). 40 30 20 Table G.1. 10

Number of Cars Percentage of Homes of Homes Percentage 0 Owned <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 0 23.6 Amount of Gasoline per month (Liters) 1 63.9 2 10.9 3 1.1 Table G.3. >3 .4 Public Transport Percentage of Homes Usage 0-25% 82.0 Table G.2. 26-50% 14.8 Type of Fuel Percentage of 51-75% 2.3 Homes 76-100% .9 Diesel 47.5 Gasoline 42.9 Natural Gas 9.6 4.H Health in Ferizaj

For all those interviewed there were questions related to emissions from wood and cigarette smoking. Nearly three-fourths of the homes using wood will have the stove burning for 12 to 16 hours per day. 20% of the homes with stoves are using them

Facts & Figures | 29 Ferizaj

between 7 and 11 hours per day. When Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette Smokers questioned about respiratory problems there -Ferizaj were only 2% that said they had this problem 60 (Table H.1). In more than half of homes there 50 was a cigarette smoker. Over 25% of these 40 smokers smoke about 10 cigarettes per day 30 20 in the home, almost 19% smoke 20 cigarettes 10 per day and about 8% smoke around 40 0 Percentage of Adults of Percentage cigarettes per day. Outside of the home 1 2 3 4 >4 slightly larger amounts are smoked. In many Regular Cigarette Smokers instances the smokers have been smoking for

10 to 20 years. The total cigarettes smoked each day by Ferizaj citizens tend to be mainly Figure H.3. Number of Cigarretes Smoked on Avarage Inside the in the range of 15 to 35. Considering the Residence each day by Adults total number of homes in Ferizaj and the

30 average price of cigarettes, there could be about €12 Million spent each year on 20 smoking (Figures H.1 to H.6). 10 0

Table H.1. Percentage of Adults 1 3 5 8 10 15 24 30 47 60 160 Nr of cigarettes smoked inside the residence Members with respiratory Percentage problems in the family No 98.1 Yes 1.9 Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Smoked Each Day Outside the Residence by Adults

Figure H.1. Hours per day in January 40 the Woodstove is Used

30 80 20 60 10 40 0 Percentage of Adults 7 15 25 32 40 47 55 65 80 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Cigarettes Smoked 0 <6 7-11 12-16 17-21 21-24 Hours per day

Facts & Figures | 30 Ferizaj

Figure H.5. Years Smoking by Adults

20

15

10

5 Percentage of Adults of Percentage 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 28 30 33 35 48 Number of Years

Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes Smoked on Average Inside and Outside the Residence

15

10

5

0 7 12 17 19 21 25 29 31 35 38 41 45 47 50 54 60 64 67 72 80 90 95 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 120 235 Number of Cigarettes

Facts & Figures | 31 Gjakova

5. Gjakova

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo Nearly 50% of Gjakova homes have 5 to 8 reports that the City of Gjakova had a total family members living in them. There are population of 94,556. The AUK Household 45% of the homes having 1 to 4 people living Energy Consumption Project conducted 500 in them and 5% of the homes have more household interviews in the city of Gjakova, than 8 people living in them. There is a wide completing detailed questionnaires in each spread of ages in the Gjakova homes. Around household. 55% of the inhabitants are below 35 years of age and nearly 45% are over 35. There are about 8% of people who are aged 65 or more 5.A Gjakova Home (Figures A.3, A.4). In almost 30% of the Backgrounds homes there is one person who is fully employed. In 40% of Gjakova homes there More than 60% of the homes in Gjakova were are two people fully employed and in 19% of constructed between 1970 and 2000. Only homes there are three people or more who 15% of the homes visited were more than 50 are fully employed (Figure A.5). years old. It is just over 20% of all Gjakova homes, in the AUK survey, that were built Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, after the 1999 Conflict. 25% of all homes, in Gjakova the AUK survey for Gjakova, have a floor area 80 of between 51m2 and 85m2. About 50% of 60 2 the homes have an area of between 50m 40 2 and 100m (Figures A.1, A.2). It is around 20 48% of the homes that have an area greater 0 2 of Homes Percentage than 100m . Old (before Medium New (after 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) Residental Classification

Facts & Figures | 32 Gjakova

2 Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m ), Figure A.5. Employment of Residents, Gjakova Gjakova

30 50 25 20 40 15 10 30 5 0 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Home Area Number of People Employed

Figure A.3. Family Size, Gjakova 5.B Heating Systems in

60 Gjakova 50 40 Almost 70% of all the homes, surveyed in the 30 City of Gjakova, are using wood for heating 20 purposes. Just under 10% of them are using 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 electricity for heating purposes. In about 1-4 5-8 9-12 >12 27% of the homes only one room gets heated people people people people and 34% of the homes heat more than two Number of People Living in the Residence rooms (Figures B.1, B.2). There are almost 55% of the Gjakova homes that heat either one or two rooms. Many Gjakova homes tend 3 3 Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, to purchase 7m or 8m of wood each year Gjakova (see Figure B.3). There appears to be a large 3

20% number of homes purchasing 10m of wood 15% per year but this high number could result 10% from respondents who are uncertain of the 5% total purchases made each year. The average 0% amount of wood purchased each year is 9.4 3 Percentage of of People Percentage m . The amount spent per home each year for purchasing wood tends to be around

Age Range €250. Wood is by far the cheapest means of heating a home (Figures B.4, B.5). The two

main types of wood that is used for heating is Oak and Beech.

Facts & Figures | 33 Gjakova

Figure B.1. Heating Sources in Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying Gjakova's Homes Wood, Gjakova 2011

80 20 60 15 40 20 10 0 5 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 100 170 240 310 380 450 520 590 660 730 800 870 Heating Sources Euros Spend on Wood

Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood, Heated in Gjakova's homes Gjakova

30 100 25 80 20 15 60 10 40 5

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 20 0 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 1 2 3 4 6 More Room RoomsRoomsRoomsRooms Cheap for central heating Numer of Rooms Heated Reasons for Using Wood

Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Figure B.6. Wood Types, Gjakova Bought in 2011, Gjakova 100

80 25 20 60 15 40 10 20

5 of Homes Percentage Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 Oak Beech Turkey Oak m3 of wood Wood Types

The average amount of wood consumed by wood consuming homes in Gjakova (346 out of 500 visited) is 3 9.45 m . Total wood consumed in the 346 wood burning 3 homes is 3270 m .

Facts & Figures | 34 Gjakova

5.C Electricity Consumption Figure C.3. Amount Spent on in Gjakova Electricity in January, Gjakova, 2011

60 The levels of income in the City of Gjakova 50 40 are severely stretched in regards to paying 30 for electricity. In more than 35% of the 20 10 homes the respondents reported that 0 between 20% to 30% of the family income is of Homes Percentage spent on electricity. About one third of the homes spend 10% to 20% of their income on Amount Spent on Electricity electricity (Figure C.1). During a typical summer month a home will spend about €16 5.D Insulation of Homes in to €30/month on their electricity bill. In the winter months it will be about €31 to Gjakova €60/month (Figures C.2, C.3). The most cost effective means of home insulation is to ensure there is an insulated Figure C.1. Gjakova's Spending on Electricity as a Percentage of Family roof. In 36% of the Gjakova homes there is Income roof insulation. The next most important

40 form of home insulation is with double 30 glazing and in nearly 47% of the Gjakova 20 homes there is double glazing. Hot water 10 tank insulation is in almost all of the Gjakova 0 homes and 29% have wall insulation (Tables Percentage of of Homes Percentage < 10% Between Between Between D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4). 10%-20% 20%-30% 30%-40% Percentage of Income Table D.1.

Roof Insulation Percentage of Homes Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Electricity in July, Gjakova, 2011

100 No 64.1 80 Yes 35.9 60 40 Table D.2. 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Double Glazing Percentage of Homes < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €61-100 Amount Spent on Electricity No 53.5 Yes 46.5

Facts & Figures | 35 Gjakova

Table D.3. Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, Gjakova Wall Insulation Percentage of Homes

50 No 71.3 40 Yes 28.7 30 20 10

Table D.4. of Homes Percentage 0 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% Water Tank Percentage of Homes Percentage of Wood used for Cooking Insulation No 0.7 Yes 99.3 Table E.1.

Woodstoves in Percentage of Homes the House 5.E Cooking in Gjakova No 35.5 Over 70% of the Gjakova surveyed homes are Yes 64.5 using gas bottles for cooking purposes. Over 40% of the homes are using up to to 25% of Table E.2. their wood supplies for cooking purposes Woodstove as a Percentage of Homes (Figures E.1, E.2). Tables E.1 to E.4 supply Primary Source information on the woodstoves being used. of Energy Nearly 65% of homes have wood stoves and No .3 nearly all homes only employ one woodstove. Yes 99.7 The majority of homes are using two bottle of gas per month and the most used size is 3 Table E.3. Liters. Number of Percentage of Homes Woodstoves Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, 1 95.1 Gjakova 2 3.9 3 1.0 100 80 Table E.4. 60 40 Size of Number of Gas Bottles Used per Total the Gas Month 20 Bottle Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 (l) Wood Gas Bottles Electricity <1 1 2 3 >3 4 >4 Methods for Cooking 0.3 33 28 3 64 3.0 81 158 24 9 2 274 15.0 28 94 16 1 139

Facts & Figures | 36 Gjakova

5.F Lighting in Gjakova Table F.5.

All homes are using electricity for lighting Amount of Watts in Homes’ Percentage Standard Light Bulbs purposes and more than half of the Gjakova 40 46.6% homes are using some energy efficiency 60 36.9% bulbs. About 5% of the homes have 6 to 10 75 1.5% light bulbs and about 17% have 11-15. Nearly 100 15.0% 90% of homes have between 1 and 8 energy

efficient light bulbs. Nearly 83% of homes are using either 40Watt or 60Watt light bulbs 5.G Transportation in (Tables F.1 to F.5). Gjakova

Table F.1. From the Gjakova homes that were surveyed Source used to light Home Percentage nearly 59% of them own a car. Over 30% of Electricity 100% homes owned no car. Less than 8% of the homes owned two cars. 57% of the car Table F.2. owners are using Diesel fuel (Tables G.1, G.2). For the owners of diesel cars 60% of the Type of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage owners are consuming 25-50 liters of fuel per Used month. Close to 55% of owners however of Energy Eff. - Neon light bulbs 69.2% gasoline driven cars tend to consume less Standard - Incandescent 30.8% than 25 liters per month (Figures G.1, G.2).

Almost all of the homes use public transport Table F.3. up to 25% of the time (Table G.3). Number of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage in Homes Table G.1. 1-5 0.5% 6-10 5.0% Number of Cars Percentage of Homes Owned 11-15 16.7% 0 33.3 >15 77.8% 1 58.8

2 7.2 Table F.4. 3 .6 Number of Efficiency Light Percentage Bulbs in Homes Table G.2. <4 45.5% 5-8 44.2% Type of Fuel Percentage of Homes 9-12 7.6% Diesel 56.8 12-16 2.3% Gasoline 40.8 >16 0.3% Natural Gas 2.4

Facts & Figures | 37 Gjakova

Table G.3. were less than 1% that said that they had this problem (Table H.1). In about one third of Public Transport Percentage of Homes homes there was a cigarette smoker. Less Usage than 5% of these smokers smoke about 10 0-25% 99.4 cigarettes per day in the home, over 35% 26-50% .6 smoke 20 cigarettes per day and about 35% smoke around 40 cigarettes per day. Outside of the home slightly larger amounts are Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel used smoked. In many instances the smokers have per month (Liters) been smoking for 20 to 30 years. The total

80 cigarettes smoked each day by Gjakova

60 citizens tend to be mainly in the range of 20 to 40. Considering the total number of 40 homes in Gjakova and the average price of 20 cigarettes, there could be more than €15 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Million spent each year on smoking (Figures <25 25-50 51-75 H.1 to H.6). Amount of Diesel per month (Liters) Table H.1.

Members with Respiratory Percentage Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline Problems in the Family Used per month (Liters) No 99.4

60 Yes 0.6 50 40 30 Figure H.1. Hours per day in January 20 the Woodstove is Used

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10

120 0 100 <25 25-50 51-75 80 Amount of Gasoline per month (Liters) 60

40 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 5.H Health in Gjakova 7-11 12-16 Hours per day For all those interviewed there were questions related to emissions from wood and cigarette smoking. Almost all of the homes using wood will have the stove burning for 7 to 11 hours per day. When questioned about respiratory problems there

Facts & Figures | 38 Gjakova

Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette Figure H.5. Years Smoking by Adults

Smokers, Gjakova

20 40 15 30 10 20 5

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10

0 0

1 2 3 4 >4 Percentage of Adults Residents 1 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 20 24 30 Regular Cigarette Smokers Years of Smoking

Figure H.3. Number of Cigarretes Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes Smoked on Avarage Inside the Smoked on Average Inside and Residence each day by Adults Outside the Residence 20

40

30 15

20 10

10 5 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of Adults 0 0 7

5 15 27 33 50 80 90 110 15 27 37 45 55 64 70 80 90 97 102 110 120 150 Cigarettes Smoked Number of Cigarettes

Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Smoked Each Day Outside the Residence by Adults

40 30 20 10 0

Percentage of Adults 7 14 15 22 25 30 32 35 40 60 75 Cigarettes Smoked

Facts & Figures | 39 Gjilan

6. Gjilan

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo the homes having 1 to 4 people living in them reports that the City of Gjilan had a total and 7% of the homes have more than 8 population of 90,178. The AUK Household people living in them. There is a wide spread Energy Consumption Project conducted 502 of ages in the Gjilan homes. Around 60% of household interviews in the city of Gjilan, the inhabitants are below 35 years of age and completing detailed questionnaires in each nearly 40% are over 35. There are about 6% household. of people who are aged 65 or more (Figures A.3, A.4). In almost half of the homes there is 6.A Gjilani Home Backgrounds one person who is fully employed. In 30% of Gjilan homes there are two people fully About 70% of the homes in Gjilan were employed and in 8% of homes there are constructed between 1970 and 2000. Only three people or more who are fully employed 13% of the homes visited were more than 50 (Figure A.5). years old. It is 17% of all Gjilan homes, in the AUK survey, that were built after the 1999 Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, Conflict. 38% of all homes, in the AUK survey Gjilan 2 for Gjilan, have a floor area of between 51m 80 2 and 85m . About 65% of the homes have an 60 area of between 50m2 and 100m2 (Figures 40 A.1, A.2). It is 30% of the homes that have an 20 area greater than 100m2. 0 of Homes Percentage Old (before Medium New (after Nearly 60% of Gjilan homes have 5 to 8 family 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) members living in them. There are 33% of Residental Classification

Facts & Figures | 40 Gjilan

Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m2), Gjilan Figure A.5. Employment of Residents, Gjilan 30

25 60 20 50 15 40 10 5 30 0 20 10 Percentage of Homes Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Home Area Number of People Employed

Figure A.3. Family Size, Gjilan 6.B Heating Systems in Gjilan 70 60 Almost 77% of all the homes, surveyed in the 50 City of Gjilan, are using wood for heating 40 purposes. Just under 20% of them are using 30 electricity for heating purposes. In 38% of 20 the homes only one room gets heated and Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 0 21% of the homes heat more than two rooms 1-4 people 5-8 people 9-12 people (Figures B.1, B.2). There are 77% of the Gjilan Number of People Living in the Residence homes that heat either one or two rooms. Many Gjilan homes tend to purchase 9m3 to

10m3 of wood each year (see Figure B.3). Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, Gjilan There appears to be a large number of homes 3 25% purchasing 10m of wood per year but this 20% high number could result from respondents 15% who are uncertain of the total purchases 10% 5% made each year. The average amount of 3 0% wood purchased each year is 10.56m . The Percentage of of People Percentage amount spent per home each year for purchasing wood tends to be around €300. Wood is by far the cheapest means of heating Age Range a home (Figures B.4, B.5). The two main

types of wood that is used for heating is Oak and Beech.

Facts & Figures | 41 Gjilan

Figure B.1. Heating Sources in Gjilan's Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying Homes Wood, Gjilan 2011

100 30 80 25 60 20 15 40 10 20 5 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 Wood Gas District Electricity 100 190 280 370 460 550 640 730 820 910

Bottles Heating 1000 1090 1180 Heating Sources Euros Spent on Wood

Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Heated Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood, in Gjilan's Homes Gjilan

50 80 40 60 30 40 20 10 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 Percentagte of Homes 1 Room 2 3 4 More Cheap Traditional Both Heat for central Rooms Rooms Rooms & Cook heating Number of Rooms Heated Reasons for Using Wood

Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Figure B.6. Wood Types, Gjilan Bought in 2011, Gjilan 70

40 60 50 30 40 20 30 20 10

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10

Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 0 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 Oak Beech Turkey Oak m3 of wood Wood Types

The average amount of wood consumed by wood consuming homes in Gjilan (392 out of 502 visited) is 10.56 m3. Total wood consumed in the 392 wood 3 burning homes is 4140 m .

Facts & Figures | 42 Gjilan

6.C Electricity Consumption in Figure C.3. Amount Spent on Electricity in January, Gjilan, 2011 Gjilan 50 The levels of income in the City of Gjilan are 40 severely stretched in regards to paying for 30 electricity. In 45% of the homes the 20 10 respondents reported that between 20% to of Homes Percentage 0 30% of the family income is spent on electricity. About 14% of the homes spend 30% to 40% of their income on electricity Amount Spent on Electricity (Figure C.1). During a typical summer month a home will spend about €16 to €30/month on their electricity bill. In the winter months 6.D Insulation of Homes in it will be about €31 to €60/month (Figures Gjilan C.2, C.3). The most cost effective means of home Figure C.1. Gjilan's Spending on insulation is to ensure there is an insulated Electricity as a Percentage of Family roof. In 18 % of the Gjilan homes there is roof Income

insulation. The next most important form of 50 home insulation is with double glazing and in 40 30 30% of the Gjilan homes there is double 20 glazing. Hot water tank insulation is in 65% 10 of the Gjilan homes and 16% have wall 0

Percentage of of Homes Percentage insulation (Tables D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4).

Percentage of Income Table D.1.

Roof Insulation Percentage of Homes Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Electricity in July, Gjilan, 2011 Yes 17.6

60 No 80.2 50 Don't know 2.2 40 30 20 Table D.2. 10

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Double Glazing Percentage of Homes

Yes 29.7 Amount Spent on Electricity No 68.9 Don't know 1.4

Facts & Figures | 43 Gjilan

Table D.3. Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, Gjilan Wall Insulation Percentage of Homes

80 Yes 15.7 60 No 77.4 Don't know 6.9 40 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Table D.4. 0 Wood Gas Bottles Electricity Water Tank Percentage of Homes Cooking Sources Insulation Yes 64.8 Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, No 35.2 Gjilan 70

60 6.E Cooking in Gjilan 50 40 Over 70% of the Gjilan surveyed homes are 30 using electricity for cooking purposes. More 20

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 than 60% of the homes are using 25% to 50% 0 of their wood supplies for cooking purposes 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% (Figures E.1, E.2). Tables E.1 to E.4 supply Percentage of Wood Used for Cooking information on the woodstoves being used. Over 72% of homes have wood stoves and nearly all homes only employ one woodstove. Table E.1. There are almost 90% of the woodstoves Woodstoves in the Percentage which have been manufactured in Serbia and House 11% manufactured in other countries. Only a No 27.3 few homes in Gjilan use gas bottles and the Yes 72.7 mostly used size of gas bottles is 3.0 liters (Table E.5). Table E.2.

Woodstove as a Primary Percentage Heat Source

No 23.7 Yes 76.3

Facts & Figures | 44 Gjilan

Table E.3. Table F.1.

Number of Woodstoves Percentage First Source Used to Light Percentage Homes Electricity 100 1 96.3 2 3.7

Table E.4. Table F.2. Woodstove Percentage Manufacturing Country Type of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage Used Energy Eff. - Neon light bulbs 35.2 Serbia 89 Other 11 Standard-Incandescent 64.8

Table E.5. Table F.3.

Number of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage

in Homes Size of the Number of Gas Bottles Total Gas Bottle Used per month 1-5 4.1 (l) 6-10 40.7 11-15 38.8 <1 1 2 3 >3 4 >4 >15 16.5

3.0 5 9 3 1 18 Table F.4. 15.0 1 5 2 1 9 Number of Efficiency Light Percentage Bulbs in Homes 6.F Lighting in Gjilan <4 13.1 5-8 29.5 All homes are using electricity for lighting 9-12 24.4 purposes and 35% of the Gjilan homes are 12-16 18.8 >16 14.2 using some energy efficiency bulbs. 40% of homes have 6 to 10 light bulbs and 39% have 11 to 15. Nearly 43% of homes have Table F.5. between 1 and 8 energy efficient light bulbs. Amount of Watts in Home's Percentage Nearly 75% of homes are using either 60Watt Standard Light Bulbs or 100Watt light bulbs (Tables F.1 to F.5). 40 7.4 60 35.5 75 17.6 100 39.2 200 .3

Facts & Figures | 45 Gjilan

6.G Transportation in Gjilan Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel Used per month (Liters)

From the Gjilan homes that were surveyed nearly 54% of them own a car. Over 35% of 50 40 homes owned no car. Over 10% of the homes 30 owned more than one car. 62% of the car 20 owners are using Diesel fuel (Tables G.1, G.2). 10 For the owners of diesel cars most of the of Homes Percentage 0 owners are consuming between 25 and 50 <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 liters of fuel per month. Nearly 40% of Amount of Diesel per month (Liters) owners of gasoline driven cars tend to consume between 51 and 75 liters per month Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline Used (Figures G.1, G.2). The gasoline driven cars per month (Liters) are providing less km/liter and therefore consuming more fuel. 97% of the homes use 60 public transport up to 25% of the time and 40 just under 3% of them use it between 26% 20 and 50% of the time (Table G.3). 0

of Homes Percentage <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 Table G.1. Amount of Gasoline Number of Cars Percentage of Homes per month (Liters) Owned 0 35.8 1 53.8 6.H Health in Gjilan 2 9.2 For all those interviewed there were 3 .8 >3 .4 questions related to emissions from wood and cigarette smoking. Over 45% of the Table G.2. homes using wood will have the stove Type of Fuel Percentage of Homes burning for 7 to 11 hours per day. 44% of the Diesel 62.5 homes with stoves are using them between Gasoline 24.3 12 and 16 hours per day. When questioned Natural Gas 13.2 about respiratory problems there were only 7% that said they had this problem (Table Table G.3. H.1). In more than half of the homes there Public Transport Percentage of Homes was a cigarette smoker. Over 9% of these Usage smokers smoke about 5 cigarettes per day in 0-25% 96.8 the home, over 30% smoke 10 cigarettes per 26-50% 2.5 day and about 21% smoke around 20 51-75% .6 cigarettes per day. Outside of the home

Facts & Figures | 46 Gjilan

slightly larger amounts are smoked. In many Figure H.3. Number of Cigarretes instances the smokers have been smoking for Smoked on Avarage Inside the 10 to 20 years. The total cigarettes smoked Residence each day by Adults each day by Gjilani citizens tend to be mainly 40 in the range of 10 to 30. Considering the 30 total number of homes in Gjilan and the price 20 of cigarettes there could be just more than €9 10 Million spent each year on smoking (Figures Percentage of Adults 0

H.1 to H.6). 1 3 5 10 13 15 25 27 32 40 45 55 80 Table H.1. Cigarettes Smoked Members with respiratory Percentage problems in the family No 93.1 Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Yes 6.9 Smoked Each Day Outside the Residence by Adults

60 Figure H.1. Hours per day in January the Woodstove is Used 40

50 20 40 Percentage of Adults 30 0 7 14 15 22 25 30 32 35 40 50 20 Cigarettes Smoked 10

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 <6 7-11 12-16 17-21 21-24 Hours per day

Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette Smokers, Gjilan

60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 1 2 3 4 Cigarette Smokers

Facts & Figures | 47 Gjilan

Figure H.5. Years Smoking by Adults

25

20

15

10

5

0

Percentage of Adult Residents 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 40 70 Number of Years

Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes Smoked on Average Inside and Outside the Residence

20

15

10

5

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 7 10 12 16 18 20 24 26 28 30 33 35 37 41 44 47 52 55 62 65 69 72 75 95 140 Number of Cigarettes

Facts & Figures | 48 Mitrovica

7. Mitrovica

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo Nearly 60% of Mitrovica homes have 5 to 8 reports that the City of Mitrovica had a total family members living in them. There are population of 71,909. The AUK Household 25% of the homes having 1 to 4 people living Energy Consumption Project conducted 500 in them and just over 10% of the homes have household interviews in the city of Mitrovica, more than 8 people living in them. There is a completing detailed questionnaires in each wide spread of ages in the Mitrovica homes. household. Around 65% of the inhabitants are below 35 years of age and nearly 35% are over 35. There are about 7% of people who are aged 7.A Mitrovica Home 65 or more (Figures A.3, A.4). In 44% of the Backgrounds homes there is one person who is fully employed. In 19% of Mitrovica homes there More than 50% of the homes in Mitrovica are two people fully employed and in 4% of were constructed between 1970 and 2000. homes there are three people or more who Only 20% of the homes visited were more are fully employed (Figure A.5). than 50 years old. It is around 26% of all Mitrovica homes, in the AUK survey, that Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, were built after the 1999 Conflict. Just more Mitrovica

than 40% of all homes, in the AUK survey for 60 2 50 Mitrovica, have a floor area of between 51m 40 and 85m2. About 65% of the homes have an 30 area of between 50m2 and 100m2 (Figures 20 10

A.1, A.2). It is about 30% of the homes that of Homes Percentage 0 have an area greater than 100m2. Old (before Medium New (after 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) Residental Classificattion

Facts & Figures | 49 Mitrovica

Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m2), Figure A.5. Employment of Mitrovica Residents, Mitrovica

30 50 25 20 40 15 10 30 5 0 20

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 >6 Home Area Number of People Employed

Figure A.3. Family Size, Mitrovica 7.B Heating Systems in

70 60 Mitrovica 50 40 More than 95% of all the homes, surveyed in 30 the City of Mitrovica, are using wood for 20 10 heating purposes. Fewer than 5% of them Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 are using electricity for heating purposes. In 1-4 5-8 9-12 >12 about 43% of the homes only one room gets people people people people heated and only 18% of the homes heat more Number of People Living in the Residence than two rooms (Figures B.1, B.2). There are about 77% of the Mitrovica homes that heat

either one or two rooms. Many Mitrovica Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, homes tend to purchase 8m3 or 10m3 of Mitrovica

25% wood each year (see Figure B.3). There 20% appears to be a large number of homes 15% purchasing 10m3 of wood per year but this 10% 5% high number could result from respondents 0% who are uncertain of the total purchases Percentage of of People Percentage made each year. The average amount of wood purchased each year is 8.66 m3. The amount spent per home each year for Age Range purchasing wood tends to be around €300. Wood is by far the cheapest means of heating a home (Figures B.4, B.5). The two main types of wood that are used for heating are Oak and Beech, with very little Turkey Oak.

Facts & Figures | 50 Mitrovica

Figure B.1. Heating Sources in Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying Mitrovica's Homes Wood, Mitrovica 2011

120 25 100 80 20 60 40 15 20 10 0 5 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 100 190 280 370 460 550 640 730 820 910 1000 1090 1180 Heating Source Euros Spent on Wood

Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood, Heated in Mitrovica Homes Mitrovica

100 50 40 80 30 60 20 40 10 20

0 of Homes Percentage Percentage of of Homes Percentage 1 Room 2 3 4 More Cheap Traditional Both Heat for central Rooms Rooms Rooms & Cook heating Number of Rooms Heated Reasons for Using Wood Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Figure B.6. Wood Type, Mitrovica Bought in 2011, Mitrovica 90

80

30 70 25 60 20 50 15 40 10 30 20 5 of Homes Percentage 10 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 Oak Beech Turkey Oak m3 of wood Wood Type

The average amount of wood consumed by wood consuming homes in Mitrovica (478 out of 500 visited) is 8.66 m3. Total wood consumed in the 478 wood burning homes is 4138 m3.

Facts & Figures | 51 Mitrovica

7.C Electricity Consumption in Figure C.3. Amount Spent on Mitrovica Electricity in January, Mitrovica, 2011

50 The levels of income in the City of Mitrovica 40 are severely stretched in regards to paying 30 for electricity. In 32% of the homes the 20 respondents reported that between 10% to 10

20% of the family income is spent on of Homes Percentage 0 electricity. 10% of the homes spend less than < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €61-100 > €100 10% of their income on electricity (Figure Amount Spent on Electricity C.1). During a typical summer month more than half of the homes will spend about €16 7.D Insulation of Homes in to €31/month on their electricity bill. In the winter months around 33% of the homes will Mitrovica spend about €31 to €60/month (Figures C.2, The most cost effective means of home C.3). insulation is to ensure there is an insulated Figure C.1. Mitrovica's Spending on roof. In 18% of the Mitrovica homes there is Electricity as a Percentage of Family roof insulation. The next most important

Income form of home insulation is with double 40 30 glazing and in 59% of the Mitrovica homes 20 there is double glazing. Hot water tank 10 insulation is in 83% of the Mitrovica homes 0 and 37% have wall insulation (Tables D.1, D.2, Percentage of of Homes Percentage D.3, D.4).

Percentage of Income Table D.1. Roof Insulation Percentage of Homes Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Electricity in July, Mitrovica, 2011 Yes 18.0

80 No 78.6 Don't know 3.4 60

40 Table D.2.

20

Percentage of of Homes Percentage Double Glazing Percentage of Homes 0 No 40.6 < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €61-100 > €100 Yes 59.2 Amount Spent on Electricity Don't know .2

Facts & Figures | 52 Mitrovica

Table D.3. Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, Insulated Wall Percentage of Homes Mitrovica 50

No 61.6 Yes 37.4 40 Don't know 1.0 30 20 10

Table D.4. of Homes Percentage 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% Water Tank Percentage of Homes Insulation Wood used for Cooking No 16.7 Yes 83.3 Table E.1.

Woodstoves in the Percentage house 7.E Cooking in Mitrovica No 4 Yes 96 Over 80% of the Mitrovica surveyed homes are using wood for cooking purposes. Over Table E.2. 40% of the homes are using 50% to 75% of their wood supplies for cooking purposes Woodstove as a primary Percentage heat source (Figures E.1, E.2). Tables E.1 to E.4 supply information on the woodstoves being used. No 3.3 Over 96% of homes have wood stoves and Yes 96.7 nearly all homes only employ one woodstove. Table E.3. There are 81% of the woodstoves which have been manufactured in Serbia and 19% in Number of woodstoves Percentage other countries. The majority of homes are using one bottle of gas per month and the 1 83.9 most used size is 3.0 Liters. 2 15.0 3 1.0 Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, Mitrovica Table E.4.

100 Woodstove manufacturing Percentage 80 country 60 40 Serbia 81 Slovenia 6

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 20 Other 13 Wood Gas Bottles Electricity Methods for Cooking

Facts & Figures | 53 Mitrovica

Table E.5. Table F.3.

Number of Electric Light Bulbs in Percentage Size of Number of Gas Bottles Used per Total Homes the Month 1-5 17.4% Gas 6-10 56.1% Bottle 11-15 14.6% (l) >15 11.9% <1 1 2 3 >3 4 >4 0.3 39 27 14 3 7 90 3.0 136 114 27 9 3 289 Table F.4. 15.0 23 34 17 2 3 79 Number of Efficiency Light Percentage Bulbs in Home <4 33.2% 7.F Lighting in Mitrovica 5-8 32.8% 9-12 20.1% All homes are using electricity for lighting 12-16 7.4% purposes and half of the Mitrovica homes are >16 6.6% using some energy efficiency bulbs. 17% of homes have 1 to 5 light bulbs and 56% have 6 to 10. Just more than 73% of homes have Table F.5. between 1 and 8 energy efficient light bulbs. Amount of Watts in Percentage Nearly 45% of homes are using either 40Watt Homes’ Standard Light Bulbs or 60Watt light bulbs (Tables F.1 to F.5). 40 9.4%

60 35.3% Table F.1. 75 14.2% 100 38.3% Sources Used to Light Homes Percentage 200 2.8% Electricity 99.60% Battery (Inventor) 0.40% 7.G Transportation in Mitrovica Table F.2. From the Mitrovica homes that were Type of Electric Light Bulbs Used Percentage surveyed nearly 48% of them own a car. Over Energy Eff. - Neon light bulbs 47.3% 46% of homes owned no car. 5% of the homes owned two cars. Just over 69% of the Standard - Incandescent 52.7% car owners are using Diesel fuel (Tables G.1,

G.2). For the owners of diesel cars, 40% of the owners are consuming 25-50 liters of fuel per month. Quite similarly, more than 40% of

owners of gasoline driven cars tend to consume between 25 and 50 liters per month

Facts & Figures | 54 Mitrovica

(Figures G.1, G.2). 52% of the homes use public transport up to 25% of the time and about 28% of them using it between 26% and Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline Used per Month (Liters) 50% of the time (Table G.3). 50

Table G.1. 40 30 Number of Cars Owned Percentage of 20 Homes 10

0 46.8 of Homes Percentage 0 1 47.6 <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 2 5 Amount of Gasoline per month (Liters) 3 0.4 >3 0.2 7.H Health in Mitrovica Table G.2. For all those interviewed there were Type of Fuel Percentage of questions related to emissions from wood Homes and cigarette smoking. 50% of the homes Diesel 69.3 using wood will have the stove burning for 12 Gasoline 29.9 to 16 hours per day. 22% of the homes with Natural Gas .8 stoves are using them between 17 and 21 hours per day. When questioned about Table G.3. respiratory problems there were only 18% that said they had this problem (Table H.1). Public Transport Usage Percentage of Homes In more than 60% of the homes there was a 0-25% 53.7 26-50% 27.9 cigarette smoker. Over 5% of these smokers 51-75% 12.1 smoke about 5 cigarettes per day in the 76-100% 6.3 home, over 16% smoke 10 cigarettes per day and about 20% smoke around 20 cigarettes per day. Outside of the home slightly larger Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel Used amounts are smoked. In many instances the per Month (Liters) smokers have been smoking for 20 to 30 50 years. The total cigarettes smoked each day 40 by Mitrovica citizens tend to be mainly in the 30 range of 10 to 20. Considering the total 20 number of homes in Mitrovica and the 10 average price of cigarettes, there could be

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 about € 7 Million spent each year on smoking <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 (Figures H.1 to H.6) Amount of Diesel per month (Liters)

Facts & Figures | 55 Mitrovica

Table H.1. Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Members with Percentage of Smoked Each Day Outside the Respiratory Problems in Homes Residence by Adults

the Family 80 No 81.8 60 Yes 18.2 40

20 Figure H.1. Hours per day in January the Woodstove is Used, Mitrovica Percentage of Adults 0 7 15 22 25 30 35 45 50

60 Cigarettes Smoked 50 40 30 20 Figure H.5. Years of Smoking by 10 Adults

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 20 <6 7-11 12-16 17-21 21-24

Hours per Day 15

10

5 Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette Smokers 0

70 Percentage of Adult Residents 1 4 7 101316202328323639435058

60 Number of Years 50 40 30 Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes 20 Smoked on Average Inside and

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 Outside the Residence 0 20 1 2 3 4 >4 Cigarette Smokers 15 10

Figure H.3. Number of Cigarettes 5 Smoked Inside the Residence by 0 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Adults 5 111519222528374045535761667590 25

Number of Cigarettes 20

15

10

5

Percentage of Adults 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 18 20 22 25 30 35 40 60 Cigarettes Smoked

Facts & Figures | 56 Peja

8. Peja

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo Over 50% of Peja homes have 5 to 8 family reports that the City of Peja had a total members living in them. There are 42% of population of 96,450. The AUK Household the homes having 1 to 4 people living in them Energy Consumption Project conducted 500 and just over 2% of the homes have more household interviews in the city of Peja, than 8 people living in them. There is a wide completing detailed questionnaires in each spread of ages in the Peja homes. Around household. 58% of the inhabitants are below 35 years of age and nearly 42% are over 35. There are 8.A Home Backgrounds in about 7% of people who are aged 65 or more Peja (Figures A.3, A.4). The 36 to 50 year old group is the largest grouping being nearly 18% of About 70% of the homes in Peja were the total Peja population. In 66% of the Peja constructed between 1970 and 2000. Only homes there is either one or two people who 10% of the homes visited were more than 50 are fully employed. In 13% of homes there years old. It is 20% of all Peja homes, in the are three or more people fully employed AUK survey, that were built after the 1999 (Figure A.5).

Conflict. About 23% of homes, in the AUK Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, survey for Peja, have a floor area of between Peja 2 2

51m and 70m . There are 42% of the homes 80 having an area of between 100m2 and 250m2 60 (Figures A.1, A.2). It is only 3% of the homes 40 that have an area less than 50m2. 20

of Homes Percentage 0 Old (before Medium New (after 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) Residential Classification

Facts & Figures | 57 Peja

Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m2), Figure A.5. Employed Residents, Peja Peja 25

50 20 40 15 10 30 5 20 0 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 >6 Number of People Employed Home Area

Figure A.3. Family Size, Peja 8.B Heating Systems in Peja 60

50 Almost 85% of all the homes, surveyed in the 40 City of Peja, are using wood for heating 30 purposes. Just over 10% of them are using 20 electricity for heating purposes. In 47% of 10

Percentage of of Homes Percentage the homes only one room gets heated and 0 1-4 people 5-8 people 9-12 >12 people only 17% of the homes heat more than two people rooms (Figures B.1, B.2). There are 79% of Number of People Living in the Residence the Peja homes that heat either one or two

rooms. Just under 50% of the homes tend to purchase 10m3 of timber each year for Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, Peja heating (Figure B.3). The average amount of wood purchased each year is 10 m3. The 20% amount spent per year each year for 15% purchasing wood tends to be around €300. 10% Wood is by far the cheapest means of heating 5% a home (Figures B.4, B.5). The two main 0%

Percentage of of People Percentage types of wood that is used for heating is Oak and Beech, with very little pine.

Age Range

Facts & Figures | 58 Peja

Figure B.1. Heating Sources in Peja's Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying Homes Wood, Peja 2011

100 30 80 25 20 60 15 40 10 20 5

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 Percentage of Homes of Percentage Wood Gas District Electricity Oil 100 190 280 370 460 550 640 730 820 910

Bottles Heating 1000 1090 1180 Heating Sources Euros Spent on Wood

Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood, Heated in Peja Homes Peja

50 80 40 60 30 40 20 10 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage

0 of Homes Percentage 0 1 2 3 4 6 More Cheap Traditional Both Heat for central Room Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms & Cook heating Number of Rooms Heated Reasons for Using Wood

Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Figure B.6. Wood Types Bought in 2011, Peja

40

40 30 30 20 20 10

10 of Homes Percentage 0 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 Oak Beech Pine Turkey 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 Oak m3 of wood Wood Types

The average amount of wood consumed by wood consuming homes in Peja (413 out of 500 visited) is 10.77 m3. Total wood consumed in the 413 wood 8.C Electricity Consumption in 3 burning homes is 4448 m . Peja The levels of income in the City of Peja are severely stretched in regards to paying for electricity. In 45% of the homes the

Facts & Figures | 59 Peja

respondents reported that between 10% to Figure C.3. Amount Spent on 20% of the family income is spent on Electricity in January, Peja, 2011

electricity. One third of the homes spend less 60 than 10% of their income on electricity 50 (Figure C.1). During a typical summer month 40 30 about half of the homes will spend €16 to 20 €31/month on their electricity bill. In the 10 winter months half of the homes spend €31 of Homes Percentage 0 to €60/month, double the amount paid in the summer (Figures C.2, C.3). Amount Spent on Electricity

Figure C.1. Peja's Spending on Electricity as a Percentage of Family Income

8.D Insulation of Homes in 50 40 Peja 30 20 10 The most cost effective means of home 0 insulation is to ensure there is an insulated

Percentage of of Homes Percentage roof. In 42% of the Peja homes there is roof insulation. The next most important form of Percentage of Income home insulation is with double glazing and in 48% of the Peja homes there is double glazing. Hot water tank insulation is in 65% Figure C.2. Amount Spent on of the Peja homes and 32% have wall Electricity in July, Peja, 2011

70 insulation (Tables D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4). 60 50 Table D.1. 40 30 20 Roof Insulation Percentage 10 No 53.2

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €61-100 > €100 Yes 42.2 Don't know 4.7

Amount Spent on Electricity Table D.2.

Double Glazing Percentage No 50.1 Yes 48.3 Don't know 1.6

Facts & Figures | 60 Peja

Table D.3. Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, Peja Wall Insulation Percentage

No 62.4 50 Yes 32.1 40 Don't know 5.5 30

20

Table D.4. 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Water tank Insulation Percentage Wood Gas Bottles Electricity

Cooking Sources No 34.8 Yes 65.2

Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, Peja 8.E Cooking in Peja 80

Over 40% of the Peja homes surveyed are 60 using electricity for cooking purposes. Over 40 35% of the homes are using wood for cooking 20 purposes. Nearly 60% of the homes use up Percentage of of Homes Percentage to 25% of their wood supply for cooking and 0 over 20% of the homes use 25-50% of it 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% (Figures E.1, E.2). Tables E.1 to E.4 supply Percentage of Wood Used for Cooking information on the woodstoves being used. 65% of homes have wood stoves and 95% of Table E.1. have the stove as their primary heat source. Woodstoves in the house Percentage of 90% of the Peja homes have only one Homes woodstove. Nearly 9% of the homes have 2 Yes 65% woodstoves. 90% of the woodstoves have No 35% been manufactured in Serbia. The homes using gas bottles normally have 0.3 or 3.0 Table E.2. liter sizes of gas bottles (Table E.5). Woodstove Percentage of Manufacturing Country Homes Serbia 90% Other 10%

Table E.3.

Woodstove as a primary Percentage of heat source Homes Yes 95.2% No 4.8%

Facts & Figures | 61 Peja

Table E.4. Table F.2.

Number of Woodstoves Percentage of Type of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage Homes Used 1 90.1% Energy efficient-Neon light 46.6 2 8.9% bulbs 3 0.3% Standard-Incandescent 53.4 More 0.7% Table F.3.

Table E.5. Number of Electric Light Percentage

Size of the Number of Gas Bottles Total Bulbs in Homes Gas Bottle Used per Month 1-5 15.5 (l) 6-10 44.6 <1 1 2 3 4 11-15 27.5 0.3 0 18 41 11 5 75 >15 12.4 3.0 0 24 29 19 7 79

15.0 1 19 8 0 0 28 Table F.4.

Number of Efficiency Light Percentage Bulbs in Home 8.F Lighting in Peja <4 29.0 5-8 27.5 All homes in Peja use electricity for lighting 9-12 23.0 purposes and nearly half of them are using 12-16 12.3 some energy efficiency bulbs (Table F.1, F.2). >16 8.2 About 45% of homes have 6 to 10 light bulbs and 15% have 1 to 5. Nearly 57% of homes Table F.5. have between 1 and 8 energy efficient light Amount of Watts in Homes’ Percentage bulbs. Nearly 80% of homes are using either Standard Light Bulbs 75Watt or 100Watt light bulbs (Tables F.3 to 40 6.4 F.5). 60 12.0 75 34.1 Table F.1. 100 45.2 200 2.3 First Source Used to Light Percentage Homes Electricity 100 8.G Transportation in Peja

In the Peja homes 49% of them own one car and nearly 40% don’t own any car. Just over 7% of the homes owned two cars. 63% of the car owners are using Diesel fuel (Tables G.1,

Facts & Figures | 62 Peja

G.2). For the owners of diesel cars over 70% Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel Used of them are consuming 25 to 75 liters of fuel per month (Liters)

per month. Similarly for owners of gasoline 50 driven cars they tend to consume between 25 40 and 75 liters per month (Figures G.1, G.2). 30 92% of the homes use public transport up to 20 25% of the time and about 8% of them use it 10 more than 25% of the time (Table G.3). of Homes Percentage 0 <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 Table G.1. Amount of Diesel per Month (Liters)

Number of Cars Percentage of Homes Owned Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline Used 0 39.5 per month (Liters) 1 49.0 50 2 7.4 3 3.3 40 >3 .8 30 20 10 Table G.2. of Homes Percentage 0 <25 25-50 51-75 76-100 >100 Type of Fuel Percentage of Homes Amount of Gasoline (Liters) Diesel 62.9 Gasoline 36.1

Natural Gas 1.0 8.H Health in Peja Table G.3. For all those interviewed there were Public Transport Percentage of Homes questions related to emissions from wood Usage and cigarette smoking. In January over 50% 0-25% 92.4 of the Peja homes using wood will have the 26-50% 5.9 stove burning for 12 to 16 hours per day. 51-75% 1.7 27% of the homes with stoves are using them between 7 and 11 hours per day (Figure H.1). When questioned about respiratory problems there were only 11% that said they had this problem (Table H.1). About 55% of the Peja homes have one or more cigarette smokers. Over 10% of these smokers smoke about 10 cigarettes per day in the home, nearly another 10% smoke 20 cigarettes per day and

Facts & Figures | 63 Peja

nearly 8% smoke around 30 cigarettes per Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette day. Outside of the home similar amounts are Smokers in the Residence smoked. In 25% of the homes smokers have

70 been smoking for 20 to 30 years. Over 205 of 60 smokers have smoked for about 10 years. 50 The total cigarettes smoked each day by Peja 40 30 citizens tend to be mainly in the range of 10 20 to 20. Considering the total number of homes of Homes Percentage 10 in Peja and the average price of cigarettes, 0 there could be about €9 Million spent each 1 2 3 4 Cigarette Smokers year on smoking (Figures H.1 to H.6).

Table H.1 Figure H.3. Number of Cigarettes Smoked on Avarage Inside the Members with Respiratory Percentage Residence Each Day by Adults Problems in the Family

25 No 88.6 20 Yes 11.4 15

10 5

Figure H.1. Woodstove Usage in Percentage of Adults January 0 1 4 7 10 14 18 21 24 27 40 55 61 78 60 Cigarettes Smoked 50 40

30 20 Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Smoked Outside the Residence

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 each day by Adults 0

<6 7-11 12-16 17-21 21-24 50 Hours per day 40

30 20 10 Percentage of Adults 0 7 14 15 22 25 30 35 40 42 50 Cigarettes Smoked

Facts & Figures | 64 Peja

Figure H.5. Years of Smoking by Adults

25

20

15

10

5

0

Percentage of Adult Residents 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 30 31 35 37 40 42 55 60 70 Number of Years

Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes Smoked on Average Inside and Outside the Residence

15

10

5

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 4 7 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 34 37 39 41 44 47 49 53 60 64 69 73 80 90 100 105 135 Number of Cigarettes

Facts & Figures | 65 Prizren

9. Prizren

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo in them and just over 10% of the homes have reports that the City of Prizren had a total more than 8 people living in them. There is a population of 177,781. The AUK Household wide spread of ages in the Prizren homes. Energy Consumption Project conducted 500 Around 55% of the inhabitants are below 35 household interviews in the city of Prizren, years of age and nearly 45% are over 35. completing detailed questionnaires in each There are about 9% of people who are aged household. 65 or more (Figures A.3, A.4). In 45% of the homes there is one person who is fully 9.A Prizren Home Backgrounds employed. In 24% of Prizren homes there are two people fully employed, and in 13% of More than 60% of the homes in Prizren were homes there are three people or more who constructed between 1970 and 2000. Only are fully employed (Figure A.5). 25% of the homes visited were more than 50 years old. It is 10% of all Prizren homes, in the Figure A.1. Dates of Construction, AUK survey, that were built after the 1999 Prizren Conflict. Half of all homes, in the AUK survey

70 for Prizren, have a floor area of between 60 51m2 and 85m2. About 70% of the homes 50 have an area of between 50m2 and 100m2 40 30 (Figures A.1, A.2). It is 20% of the homes that 20 have an area greater than 100m2. 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 Old (before Medium New (after Nearly 60% of Prizren homes have 5 to 8 1970) (1970-2000) 2000) family members living in them. There are Dates of Construction 30% of the homes having 1 to 4 people living

Facts & Figures | 66 Prizren

Figure A.2. Area of Homes (m2), Figure A.5. Employment of Prizren Residents, Prizren

35 50 30 25 40 20 15 30 10 20 5 0

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 >6

Home Area Number of People Employed

Figure A.3. Family Size, Prizren 9.B Heating Systems in Prizren

70 60 Almost 90% of all the homes, surveyed in the 50 City of Prizren, are using wood for heating 40 30 purposes. Just under 9% of them are using 20 electricity for heating purposes. In 47% of 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage the homes only one room gets heated and 0 1-4 people 5-8 people 9-12 >12 people only 12% of the homes heat more than two people rooms (Figures B.1, B.2). There are 88% of Number of People Living in the Residence the Prizren homes that heat either one or two rooms. Many Prizren homes tend to purchase 5m3 or 6m3 of wood each year (see Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, Figure B.3). There appears to be a large 3 Prizren number of homes purchasing 10m of wood

20% per year but this high number could result 15% from respondents who are uncertain of the 10% total purchases made each year. The average 5% amount of wood purchased each year is 7 m3. 0% The amount spent per home each year for Percentage of of People Percentage purchasing wood tends to be around €140. Wood is by far the cheapest means of heating

Age Range a home (Figures B.4, B.5). The two main types of wood that are used for heating are Oak and Beech, with very little Pine.

Facts & Figures | 67 Prizren

Figure B.1. Heating Sources in Figure B.4. Money Spent on Buying Prizren's Homes Wood in 2011, Prizren

100 20 80 60 15 40 10 20 0

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 5

Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 90 170 250 330 410 490 570 650 730 810 890 970 1050 1130 Heating Sources Euros Spent on Wood

Figure B.2. Number of Rooms Figure B.5. Reasons for Using Wood Heated in Prizren Homes

90 50 80 70 40 60 50 30 40 30 20 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 0 0 Cheap Traditional Both Heat For Central 1 Room 2 Rooms 3 Rooms 4 Rooms More & Cook Heating Number of Rooms Heated Reasons for Using Wood

Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Figure B.6. Wood Types, Prizren Bought in 2011, Prizren 70

25 60 20 50 15 40 30 10 20 5 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 Percentage of Homes of Percentage 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 Oak Beech Pine Turkey Oak m3 of wood Wood Type

The average amount of wood consumed by wood consuming homes in Prizren (448 out of 500 visited) is 7.11 m3. Total wood consumed in the 448 wood burning homes is 3187 m3.

Facts & Figures | 68 Prizren

9.C Electricity Consumption Figure C.3. Amount Spent on in Prizren Electricity in January, Prizren, 2011 50 The levels of income in the City of Prizren are 40 severely stretched in regards to paying for 30 electricity. In almost half of the homes the 20 respondents reported that between 20% to 10

30% of the family income is spent on of Homes Percentage 0 < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €61-100 > €100 electricity. About one third of the homes spend 30% to 40% of their income on Amount Spent on Electricity electricity (Figure C.1). During a typical summer month a home will spend about €16 to €30/month on their electricity bill. In the 9.D Insulation of Homes winter months it will be about €31 to €60/month (Figures C.2, C.3). in Prizren

In Tables D.1 – D.4 there is a summary of the Figure C.1. Prizren's Spending on status of home insulation in the surveyed Electricity as a Percentage of Family homes of Prizren. Only 18% of the homes

Income have roof insulation. As this is the most cost 60 50 effective means of saving energy in homes 40 30 there is need for promoting roof insulation. 20 10 About 25% of homes have double glazing and 0 14% have wall insulation. Almost all homes Percentage of of Homes Percentage have their hot water tanks insulated.

Percentage of Income Table D.1.

Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Roof Insulation Percentage of Homes Electricity in July, Prizren, 2011 Yes 18.0 80 No 78.6 60 Don't know 3.4

40

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 20 Table D.2.

0 Double Glazing Percentage of < €15 €16-30 €31-60 €61-100 > €100 Homes Amount Spent on Electricity Yes 25.7 No 73.5 Don't Know 0.8

Facts & Figures | 69 Prizren

Table D.3. Figure E.2. Wood Used for Cooking, Prizren Wall Insulation Percentage of

Homes 60 Yes 14.3 50 No 77.3 40 Don't Know 8.4 30 20 10 Percentage of of Homes Percentage Table D.4. 0 0-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% Insulated Hot-Water Percentage of Percentage of Wood Used for Cooking Tank Homes Yes 97.9 No 2 Table E.1.

Woodstoves in the House Percentage of 9.E Cooking in Prizren Homes Yes 91.2% Over 60% of the Prizren surveyed homes are No 8.8% using gas bottles for cooking purposes. Over 50% of the homes are using 25% to 50% of Table E.2. their wood supplies for cooking purposes (Figures E.1, E.2). Tables E.1 to E.4 supply Woodstove as a Primary Percentage of Heat Source Homes information on the woodstoves being used. Yes 46% Over 90% of homes have wood stoves and No 54% nearly all homes only employ one woodstove.

There are 82% of the woodstoves which have Table E.3. been manufactured in Serbia and 14% manufactured in Turkey. The majority of Number of Woodstoves Percentage of homes are using one bottle of gas per month Homes and the most used size is 15 Liters. 1 97.7%

2 2.3% Figure E.1. Methods for Cooking, Prizren Table E.4.

70 Woodstove Manufacturing Percentage of 60 Country Homes 50 Serbia 82% 40 Slovenia 4% 30 Turkey 14% 20

Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10

0 Wood Gas Bottles Electricity

Cooking Source

Facts & Figures | 70 Prizren

Table E.5. Table F.4.

Size of the Number of Gas Bottles Total Number of Efficiency Light Percentage Gas Bottle Used per Month Bulbs in Homes (l) <4 55.4% <1 1 2 3 4 5-8 26.3% 0.3 27 20 9 1 57 9-12 15.9% 3.0 87 47 6 0 140 12-16 12.0% 15.0 106 93 3 1 203 >16 1.2%

9.F Lighting in Prizren Table F.5. Amount of Watts in Homes’ Percentage All homes are using electricity for lighting Standard Light Bulbs purposes and half of the Prizren homes are 40 55.7% using some energy efficiency bulbs. About 60 33.0% 43% of homes have 1 to 5 light bulbs and 39% 75 6.6% have 6 to 10. Nearly 82% of homes have 100 4.7% between 1 and 8 energy efficient light bulbs. Nearly 89% of homes are using either 40Watt or 60Watt light bulbs (Tables F.1 to F.5). 9.G Transportation in Prizren

Table F.1. From the Prizren homes that were surveyed nearly 62% of them own a car. Over 35% of Source Used to Light Homes Percentage homes owned no car. Just under 3% of the Electricity 99.60% homes owned two cars. 40% of the car Liquid fuel 0.40% owners are using Diesel fuel (Tables G.1, G.2). For the owners of diesel cars most of the Table F.2. owners are consuming less than 25 liters of Type of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage fuel per month. Most owners however of Used gasoline driven cars tend to consume Energy Eff. - Neon light bulbs 51.7% between 25 and 50 liters per month (Figures Standard - Incandescent 48.3% G.1, G.2). Over half of the total homes surveyed do use public transport with 71% of Table F.3. them using it up to 25% of the time and Number of Electric Light Bulbs Percentage about 28% of them using it between 26% and in Homes 50% of the time (Table G.3). 1-5 43.4% 6-10 38.8%

11-15 16.1% >15 1.7%

Facts & Figures | 71 Prizren

Table G.1. Figure G.2. Amount of Gasoline Used per Month (Liters) Number of Cars Percentage of Homes

Owned 80 0 35.5 60 1 61.9 2 2.6 40 20

Table G.2. of Homes Percentage 0 Type of Fuel Percentage of <25 25-50 51-75 Homes Amount of Gasolineper Moth (L) Diesel 40.5 Gasoline 58.9 9.H Health in Prizren Natural Gas .6 For all those interviewed there were Table G.3. questions related to emissions from wood and cigarette smoking. Nearly 60% of the Public Transport Usage Percentage of Homes homes using wood will have the stove 0-25% 71.2 burning for 7 to 11 hours per day. 30% of the 26-50% 28.8 homes with stoves are using them between

12 and 16 hours per day. When questioned Figure G.1. Amount of Diesel Used per about respiratory problems there were only Month (Liters) 10% that said they had this problem (Table

80 H.1). In about one third of homes there was 60 a cigarette smoker. Over 20% of these smokers smoke about 5 cigarettes per day in 40 the home, over 10% smoke 10 cigarettes per 20 day and about 5% smoke around 20 Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 cigarettes per day. Outside of the home <25 25-50 51-75 slightly larger amounts are smoked. In many Amount of Diesel per Moth (L) instances the smokers have been smoking for 20 to 30 years. The total cigarettes smoked each day in Prizren citizens tend to be mainly in the range of 10 to 20. Considering the total number of homes in Prizren and the average price of cigarettes, there could be about €10 Million spent each year on smoking (Figures H.1 to H.6).

Facts & Figures | 72 Prizren

Table H.1. Figure H.4. Number of Cigarettes Members with respiratory Percentage of Smoked each day Outside the problems in the family Homes Residence by Adults No 89.5 80 Yes 10.5 60

40

Figure H.1. Hours per day in January 20

the Woodstove is Used, Prizren Percentage of Adults 0 70 7 14 15 22 25 30 35 45 60 Cigarettes Smoked 50 40 30 Figure H.5. Years of Smoking by 20 Adults Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 30 <6 7-11 12-16 17-21 25 Hours per Day 20 15 10 Figure H.2. Regular Cigarette 5 Smokers, Prizren 0

Percentage of Adult Residents 2 4 6 10 12 15 20 30 35 45 50 70 60 Years of Smoking 50 40 30 Figure H.6. Number of Cigarettes 20 Smoked on Average Inside and Percentage of of Homes Percentage 10 Outside the Residence 0 1 2 3 4 >4 40 Cigarette Smokers 30 20

Figure H.3. Number of Cigarettes 10

Smoked Inside the Residence By of Homes Percentage 0 Adults 3 8 11 14 18 22 27 32 37 47 60 67 50 Number of Cigarettes

40 30 20 10

Percentage of Adults 0 1 3 5 7 10 20 30 45 60 Cigarettes smoked

Facts & Figures | 73 Rural Community: Mountain Villages in Dragash and Shtërpce

Section 10, Rural Community: Mountain Villages in

Dragash and Shtërpce

The 2011 National Census survey of Kosovo reported that the Dragash municipality had a total population of 33,997, while the

Shtërpce municipality had a total population of 6,949. AUK in cooperation with the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) conducted 150 detailed questionnaires in 11 mountain villages corresponding to the municipalities of Dragash and Shtërpce. These villages include: Pllajnik, Shajnë, Plavë, Brod (Shtërpce), Brod

(Dragash), Kuki, Brezna, Gorna Sellë, Mushnikovë, Zaplluxhë, and Dikancë (See Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1. Villages Interviewed indicated by orange dots

10.A Dragash and Shtërpce Mountain school. However, there are fewer people who Villages Background Information have finished university with only 13% of respondents having this educational The education level of people residing in the background. Accordingly, the income for the mountain villages of Dragash and Shtërpce families living in these households varies, but belongs to different educational a vast amount of homes, or 37%, receive backgrounds. A total of 43% have finished €151 to €300 on monthly basis. Around 30% their primary school, and 44% of the of families receive €301 to €500 per month, respondents have finished their secondary while around 12% receive €501 to €1000 per

Facts & Figures | 74 Rural Community: Mountain Villages in Dragash and Shtërpce

month. 16% of homes live with a small receive greater amount ranging from €2001 income consisting of only €50 to €150 per to €5000 in a year, 13% of the households month; while on the other hand, only 5% live receive more than €5000/year from diaspora with an income exceeding €1000 per month (Figure E.3). (Figure E.1, Figure E.2). Figure E.3. Level of Support from Figure E.1. Education Level, Diaspora per Year, Mountain Mountain Villages Villages 50 60 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 0 10 Homes of Percentage People of Percentage 0 Primary School Secondary University Level of Diaspora Contribution in a Year School Education Level Classification The family size of the households in the Figure E.2. Income Category, mountain villages of Dragash and Shtërpce Mountain Villages

40 varies considerably. There are 43% of 35 households that have 4 to 6 people living in 30 25 them, while around 9% of households have 20 less than 3 members. Around 25% of 15 10 households have 7 to 10 people and 23% of 5 households have more than 10 people 0 Percentage of Households residing in them (Figure A.3). The ages of the corresponding respondents vary

Level of Monthly Income per Household accordingly as well. Nearly 25% belong to the age group of 18 to 25 years old. A larger Considering the distribution of income which group of about 32% of respondents belongs ranges mostly from €150 to €500/month to the range of 26 to 40 years old. On the (makes up 67% of households), there is a other hand, 21% belong to the age group of number of mountain villages which rely on 41 to 55, and similarly percentage wise, 22% diaspora support to make a living. As such, a are older than 55 (Figure A.4). total of 47 out of 150 households responded that they receive some level of support from diaspora. Almost half of them, or 49%, receive €100 to €1001 on a yearly basis. Around 7% of households receive less than €100/year, while 21% of them receive €1001 to €2000/year. While 11% of households

Facts & Figures | 75 Rural Community: Mountain Villages in Dragash and Shtërpce

Figure A.3. Family Size, Mountain Figure E.4. Household Relation to Villages 60 Forestry Industry, Mountain Villages 50 50

40 40 30 30 20 20 10 0

10 Percentage of Household Yes, I am Yes, Yes, I and No Percentage of of Homes Percentage 0 someone in someone in the the <3 people 4-6 7-10 >10 household is household is people people people Relation of Household Members to Forestry Number of People Living in the Household Industry

From the 72 households related to the

Figure A.4. Distribution of Ages, forestry industry, 61% cut the timber in their Mountain Villages private lands, while 12% cut timber in the 40 public land. Around 28% of the households 30 cut timber in both, private and public lands 20 (See Figure E.5). 10 0 E.5. Timber Cut: Private vs Public People of Percentage 18-25 26-40 41-55 >55 years Land, Mountain Villages 70 years years years 60 Age Range 50 40 30 10.B Heating Systems in Dragash and 20 10 Shtërpce Mountain Villages Percentage of Households 0 Private land Public land Both, private Almost 48% of all the households, surveyed and public in the mountain villages of Dragash and Land Type Classification land

Shtërpce, are related to the forestry industry. Moreover, the perception of the villagers to However, in 52% of the households, there is the extent to which people obtain licenses in no family member that is related to the order to cut timber differs. Around 31% forestry industry. From the 48% that cut stated that they believe only 0 to 10% of wood, 14% of the respondents cut the wood people cutting timber in their village have a hemselves, then around 31% have someone license. 24% of respondents believe that 11 in their family who cuts wood, while a total of to 30% of people cutting timber have 3% are themselves together with someone in obtained a license, while 19% believe that the their family related to the forestry industry percentage is higher, mainly 31 to 70%. (See Figure E.4). Nearly 7% of respondents believe that there are more than 70% of people cutting timber

Facts & Figures | 76 Rural Community: Mountain Villages in Dragash and Shtërpce

in their village without a license (See Figure Figure B.2. Number of Rooms E.6). Heated, Mountain Villages

50 40 Figure E.6. Timber Cut with License, Mountain Villages 30 20 35 10 30 25 0 1 Room 2 3 4 More

20 Households of Percentage 15 Rooms Rooms Rooms 10 Number of Rooms Heated

5

Percentage of Households 0 0% - 10 % 11% - 30 % 31% - 70% 71% - 100 % Figure B.3. Cubic Meters of Wood Bought in 2011, Mountain Villages Timber Cut with License in the Village 50 As such, problems encountered with timber 40 cutting in the village have been experienced 30 by 20% of the households, while the 20 remaining ones or 32% have not experienced 10 any type of problems. Almost 52% do not Number of of Number Households engage in timber cutting therefore they do 0 2 4 6 8 10 15 20 25 40 not have any issues related to forestry m3 of wood industry (See the table below). While on the other hand, households that are not engaged Figure B.4. Money Spent on Cubic in wood cutting purchase a considerable Meter of Wood Bought in 2011, amount of wood. A typical household in a Mountain Villages 60 mountain village buys on average 11.47 m3 of 50 wood (Figure B.3). 40 Table B.1. 30 20 Problems Cutting Timber Percentage of 10

in the Village Households Percentage of Households 0 20 32 34 37 39 42 44 48 60 Yes 20 Euros Spent per Cubic Meter of Wood

No 32 The average of the 93 homes that bought wood last year is 11.47 m3. Others don’t cut timber 52

Facts & Figures | 77 Rural Community: Mountain Villages in Dragash and Shtërpce

10.C Electricity Consumption in Figure C.2. Amount Spent on Electricity in July, Mountain

Dragash and Shtërpce Mountain Villages, 2011 Villages 80

The levels of income in the mountain villages 60 of Dragash and Shtërpce are severely 40 stretched in regards to paying for electricity. 20 In 41% of the households the respondents 0 reported that between 11% to 20% of their Households of Percentage family income is spent on electricity. Nearly 28% of the households spend 21% to 30% of Amount Spent on Electricity their income on electricity. A large amount of income, or about 31 to 50%, goes to pay for Figure C.3. Amount Spent on electricity for 15% of the households (Figure Electricity in January, Mountain

Villages, 2011 C.1). During a typical summer month, a 40 household will spend about €10 to €30 per 30 month on their electricity bill. For the winter 20 month, electricity payment will account for a payment of €31 to €50 per month (Figure C.2, 10 Figure C.3) 0 Percentage of Households Table C.1. Amount Spent on Electricity Sufficient Electricity Percentage of Supply Households Yes 93.3 No 6.7

Figure C.1. Spending on Electricity as a Percentage of Family Income, Mountain Villages

50 40

30 20 10 0 Percentage of Households 5% - 10% 11% - 20% 21% - 30% 31% - 50% Percentage of Income

Facts & Figures | 78 Kosovo Household Energy Consumption; Facts and Figures From 2010 to 2013 the American University in Kosovo (AUK) conducted household energy consumption survey work. AUK student teams were employed and funding was provided by the World Bank, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF), and the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA). A substantial dataset has been collected for many urban and some rural homes around Kosovo. In summer 2010 the homes in the capital city Prishtina were surveyed (2,370 homes) and in summer 2012 homes in the other six major cities (2,966 homes). Data collection also took place in the mountain villages of Kosovo (150 homes).

About CENR The AUK-RIT Center for Energy and Natural Resources (CENR) is a partnership between the American University in Kosovo, Rochester Institute of Technology, and multiple Ministries of the Kosovo Government, and international organizations focusing on the development of Kosovo’s energy and natural resources. CENR focuses on workforce development, consulting, research, and the dissemination of information and data associated with the development of Kosovo’s energy and natural resource markets. The Center provides multi-faceted training opportunities and activities to both the public and private sectors of Kosovo with the goal of building self-su ciency in energy and natural resource economics and policy studies, and energy and power systems engineering.

Kosovo 2013

THE Rockefeller WORLD Brothers Fund BANK NINA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research

American University in Kosovo Design: Fisnik Deshishku Dr. Shpetim Rrobaj, Prishtine 10000, Kosovo Layout: Henor Deshishku http://www.rit.edu/research/cenr Printed by: Grafoprint