Founded A.D. 1874 by John Singenberger

lOANNES PETRALQYSIUS PRAENESTINUS

Vol. 61 JANUARY -- 1935 ,

MUSIC FOR LENT X-composition Is part of a double number of col.. C739 Terry, R. R S.A.T.B. .12 lection. C741 Palestrina S.A.T.B. .12 Adoramus Te Christe Quemadmodum Desiderat 694X Bischoff, J. C S.S.A.T.B.B. $.15 552 Koenen, Fr S.A. .12 558X Constantine, George .12 Silentio et Devotione 52 Palestrina-Rotoli S.A.T.B. .12 737 Becker, Rene L S.A.T.B. .15 498X Palestrina-Reilly T.T.B.B. .15 22-2 Lassus, di ...... •...... 3 equal voices .20 Stabat Mater 683X Mauro-Cottone 3 equal voices .15 834 Endres, O. P S.S.A. .12 740X Cherubim, Sr. M S.S.A. .15 Benedictus (Cant. Zacbariae) 116 Gregorian, on cards, with Pange 628 Neubauer T.T.B.B. .15 Lingua .10 Christus Factus Est 26X Gregorian .15 C51 Anerio, C. . S.A.T.B. .12 628X Singenberger, J. . T:r.B.B. .15 1911 ..3 Lohmann, A S.A.T.B. .20 833X Singenberger, J. (Harm.) S.A.T.B. .12 Crux Ave Benedicta Vexilla Regis 830 Endres, O. P S.S.A. .12 26X Gregorian .15 Deus Sic Dilexit Mundum 387 Sears, Helen S.A.T.B. .12 676 Stainer-Bonvin S.A.T.B. .15 677 Stainer-Bonvin S.S.A. .15 FOR GOOD FRIDAY Ecce Quomodo Moritur Music for Morning omce 732 Handel S.A.T.B. .15 C697 Terry, R. R S.A.T.B. $.50 733 Handel T.T.B.B. .15 Passion Music In Manus Tuas C695 Vittoria S.A.T.B. .12 l02X Novello S.A.T.B. .12 Lamentations (Tenebrae) HYMN COLLECTIONS ~ 619 Gruender, H T.T.B.B. .50 287 Three Hymos Louis Berge $.12 Lauda Crucis (1) Lo! 'Tis the Hour 1911-2 Mohr, J S.A.T.B. .15 (2) 'Tis Finished MisereJ!e (3) Christ In Compassion (Good Friday) 697 Allegri-Manzetti T.T.B. .20 For unison and four part singing. o Bone Jesu 691 Two Hymns (2 or 3 voices) 736 Becker, Rene L S.A.T.B. .15 J. Singenberger .15 284 McDonough, F .J•...... S.A.T.B. .15 (1) Jesus On The Cross Suspended 398X McDonough, F. J•...... T.T.B.B. .15 (2) Seven Last Words 76 Palestrina-Reilly S.A.T.B. .12 Fine for convent choirs. 690X Piel S.S.A. .15 694 Hymn to Our Lady of Sorrow (for 398X Palestrina-Reilly T.T.B.B. .15 S..S.A.) P. E. Kountz .15 o Deus Ego Amo Te Another good chorus for choirs of 833X Singenberger, J. (Harm.) S.A.T.B. .12 ladies' voices. o Cor Jesu 699 Hymns from The Standard CathoDe: 218X McDonough, F. J S.A.T.B. .12 Hymnal and Father Curry's ~~Cath-, tt o Domina Mea olic Choral •• ••••••••••••• ••••••• .20 277 Smith, Joseph S.A.T.B. .15 Thou Loving Maker of Mankind o Sacrum Cor Jesu . (Marsh) 573X Schweitzer, S.A.T.B. .12 By The Blood That Flowed J•...... (Richardson) o Vos Omnes o Come and Mourn (2 settings) 1'l5X Singenberger, J (2 or 4 voices) .25 When I Behold My Crucifix 828 Vittoria S.A.T.B. .15 (Fr. Curry) 1911-2 Witt, F. X S.A.T.B. .20 Jesus Against The Cross (Fr. Curry) Pange Lingua 26 Eight Popular Hymns for Lent 444X Eder, P. V S.A.T.B. .25 Srs. of Mercy .20 26X Gregorian .15 A standard collection of hymns for 578X Gregorian-Singenberger .25 many years favored by children's 116 Gregorian, on cards with Stabat choirs Contains in addition to the Mater .10 good English hymns, the traditional Popule Meus (Improperia-Good Friday) Stabat Mater, Vexilla Regis and Pange 21 ..3 Bernabei, G. A T.T.B.B. .20 Lingua. May· be sung by 2, 3, or 4 part Palestrina S.A.T.B. .12 choirs. McLAUGHLIN & REILLY CO. 100 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. Entered as second class mat.. ter, October 20, 1931, at the Post Office at Boston, Mass., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Formerly published in St. Francis, Wisconsin. Now issued Monthly Magazine of Catholic Church and School Music monthly, except in July. Subscription: $3 per year, pay... Vol. 61 January, 1935 No. I able in advance. Single copies sac. IN THIS ISSUE Honorary Editor OTTO A. SINGENBERGER USE OF THE SOLESMES EDITIONS Managing Editor Roland Boisvert 5 WILLIAM ARTHUR REILLY CHURCH MUSIC IS TOO FAST Business and Editorial Office R. Franz Reissmann 9 100 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. MUSIC BIOGRAPHffiS: ITALIAN Contributors MASTERS 10 ~EV. LUDWIG BONVIN, S.J., Buffalo, N. Y. L'ESCOLANIA OF MONTSERRAT DaM ADELARD BOUVILL... ABBEY IN SPAIN IERS, O.S.B., Belmont, N. C. V. REV. GREGORY HUGLE, Dom Adelard Bouvilliers, D.S.B. 11 O.S.B., Conception, Mo. TRAINING THE BOY CHOIR RT. REV. MSGR. LEO P. MANZETTI, Roland Park, W. M. Hammond 16 Md. REV. F. T. WALTER, UNUSUAL MOURNING CUSTOM 18 St. Francis, Wise. E. H. LEMARE, NOTED COMPOSER REV. JOSEPH VILLANI, S. C., San Francisco, Cal. ORGANIST DEAD 18 REV. P. H. SCHAEFERS, Cleveland, Ohio. BRAGERS AT UNION CITY, N. J. 18 REV. H. GRUENDER, S.]., ST+ CAECILIA 18 St. Louis. Mo. SR. M. CHERUBIM, O.S.F. ABOUT SWEELINCK Milwaukee, Wise. Herbert Antcliffe 19 SR. M. GISELA, S.S.N.D., Milwaukee, Wise. RHYTHM IN EDUCATION SR. M. RAFAEL, B.V.M., Justine B. Ward 20 Chicago, Ill. M. MAURO...COTTONE, OUR MUSIC THIS MONTH 22 New York, N. Y. RICHARD KEYS BIGGS, MUSIC APPRECIATION Hollywood, Cal. Sr. M. Cherubim, O.S.F. 43 MARTIN G. DUMLER, M. M., Cincinnati, O. MAGNA CHARTA OF SCHOOL JOSEPH J. McGRATH, MUSIC John P. Sullivan, Ph. D. 47 Syracuse, N. Y. ROLAND BOISVERT, COMMUNICATIONS 48 Central FaIls, R. I. W. A. HAMMOND, NEW MUSIC 49 Fort Wayne, Ind. ARTHUR ANGIE, LITURGICAL MUSIC AND ENG" Whitman, Mass. LAND 51 EDWARD A. MAGINfY, London, Eng. SCHOOL PUPILS MAKE GREGOR" JOHN MacDONALD, IAN CHANT RECORDS 54 Glasgow, Scotland QUESTION AND ANSWER BOX 55 Contents of each issue, Copy... RECENT PROGRAMS 57 right 1935. Index of Contents for Entire Year 1934 obtainable on request. 4 THE CAECILIA A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO YOU ALL This year we introduce, as usual a new equipped with the latest edition of the "Liber covert for your 1935 copies of THE CAE~ Usualis:' and it is felt that when those who CILIA. have completed the course, return to their Each month we will presen't a likeness of local parishes there will be brought to the some ancient master of Catholic Church Mu~ various districts a gradually increasing num~ sic. These photographic reproductions are ber of parishioners who understand the gathered from the most authoritative sources beauty of the liturgical music of the church. available. In addition to the present well If this movement grows as it shouldt known picture of Palestrina, there will fol~ its effect will be to equip Catholic college low likenesses of Di Lassot Hasler, Byrd, graduates with the type of music knowledge Nannino, Anerio, Soriano, Viadana, Allegri, which should be theirs, and fundamentally Handt Frescobaldi, Sweelinck, etc. serve to pave the way for a more intelligent Readers who have other pictures will per~ observance of the liturgical movement of the form a service if they will loan us the photo~ church in this country. The course is well graphs for a few days, for inclusion in this attended and we congratulate the Sisters of series. With these pictures, and the brief Notre Dame on their enterprise. modern biographies of well known names in church music, now being presented in SINGENBERGER'S HECCE SACERDOS" THE CAECILIA, 1935 will see gathered HAILS CARDINAL MUNDELEIN ON into one volume the most comprehensive group of photographs and biographies of HIS 25TH ANNIVERSARY Catholic Church Musicians ever gathered. In the presence of 17 Archbishops, many Musicians great and small whose works Bishops, 10 Abbots, and over 1000 Priests, were well known during various genera~ gathered to honor Cardinal Mundelein, on tions will be grouped together for the first the occasion of his 25th Anniversary of his time, to our knowledge. elevation to the Episcopacy, the appearance We are indebted to Mr. Leo Fisselbrand of His Eminence was greeted by the singing of Syracuse, N. Y. for the suggestion that we of ~; Singenberger's immortal HEcce Sacer~ undertake this series, to Mr. John MacDonald dos . of Scotland for his suggestions, to Mr. An~ The entire program was broadcast over a gie of Whitmant Mass., and the custodians National Network, and marked the latest of of the Brown Music Library, (Division of the long list of.notable performances given the Boston Public Library) for this series. to this well known composition. Also our thanks are expressed to Mr. George Fischer, of the firm of J. Fischer & Bro.t for OTHER WORKS WHICH· HAVE his cooperation in providing information GAINED· NOTABLE PERFORM,~ about the various composers whose works have appeared in the catalog of his company. ANCES RECENTLY The entire series will take over two years Among the church music compositions to present, but we feel that it will be well which have appeared in THE CAECILIA worth the effort, for the sake of those erudite and which have been the recipients of widely program makers, who like to know all about advertised performances, have been the fol~ the musicians whose works they render. lowing: Heretofore no such collection has ever been Dumlers "Missa Dei Amoris," Sung at the made in this country. Vienna Cathedral. McGrath's "Missa Pontificalis" Broad~ cast over national network, at the National EMMANUEL COLLEGE, BOSTON OF,., Convention of the Knights of St. John. FERS COURSE IN LITURGICAL "Praise Ye The Lord" By Richard Keys MUSIC Biggst broadcasted nationally from Holly~ wood, California, and recorded for an ec~ Under the capable direction of Sister Rose Marie, a new course at Emmanuel College clesiastical sequence in a Warner Brothers Motion Picture. Mauro~Cottone's "Ave (for Women) Boston this year ~mbraces the Maria" broadcast by Father Finn's Paulist study of Gregorian Cha~t. ThiS m.a.rk~ ~he first step in the direction of fam1liarIz1ng Choristers, on the National Catholic Truth New England Catholic College girls wit~ t~e Hour. historic music of the church. Each gul 1S (Continued on Page 10) THE CAECILIA 5 USE OF THE SOLESMES EDITIONS The Only Possible Means of Obtaining Uniform Chanting ROLAND BOISVERT Central Falls, R. I.

GREGORIAN CHANT is so delicate an use the same combination of neumes in tran.... art that it cannot suffer mediocrity; yet no scribing the same melody no more than did type of music is rendered more carelessly Dom Pothier in the Vatican Edition. than is this one. The principal reason for this state of affairs is the lack of knowledge Through the lack of knowledge of some of of the subject in question. Many have little the Solesmes exponents much harm is done sympathy for things they do not understand, to the cause. If takes more than a summer or they care less to learn about them, or look course to master the Solesmes Method and into them with a prejudiced mind. One may to overcome years of faulty practice. Others be a very good musician, know his harmony, attempt to croon in a sentimental manner the counterpoint, and fugue, but have not practi.... sacred melodies because they lack expres.­ cal knowledge of Gregorian Chant. Some of sion, so they claim! We must never forget them set up systems of their own, dabble in that with our dealings with Divinity all ele.... manuscripts, quote medieval authors, as ments of sensuality is not only superfluous though they had discovered their quotations, but out of place. Music can indeed be ex... and twist facts to preconceived theories. pressive without being sentimental. They retard the general acceptance of the The main cause for the difficulty encoun.... SOLESMES EDITIONS more than those tered by the Solesmes Editions in making who have fallen into a routine and lack the their way into different centers rests on the necessary courage to amend themselves or fact that these are the property of one pub.... look upon chant as a necessary evil, the less lisher, the House of Desclee. All can print sung the better. All is chaos and confusion the Vatican Edition as such, but the three outside Solesmes. Separate systems of inter.... rhythmic signs can only be used with the pretations is nothing more or less than musi.... permission of the owners. It is a well known cal protestantism. There is no branch of hu.... fact that certain European publishers criti.... man activity where phantasy becomes the cize the Solesmes Editions in the magazines rule. Rhythmic freedom exists but for the because of the difficulty they fInd in selling composer, the interpreter should scrupulously their own productions. The moment that the strive to keep that rhythm that gave birth to right to these signs becomes public property the composition, otherwise he betrays his there is every reason to believe that these most elementary duty towards both the com.... same publishers will be the very first to poser and the composition. print the editions with rhythmic signs, be it We read much about Mensuralism of late. for the only reason that they sell well. In itself it is not wrong, on the contrary, our so.... called Classical School lives by it; but The use of the SoIesmes is as universal as it killed Gregorian Chant in the Middle Ages the Church itself, it is in use in every country because free rhythm cannot breathe in this where the Church has penetrated; the purity sort of straight jacket. Others persist in of the chant of some of the Christian ne... maintaining that the word accent indicates groes of darkest Africa could put to shame the rhythm, so according to them the same many of our prominent cathedral choristers. melody could possibly possess as many dif.... Its progress has been especially noticeable of ferent rhythms as it has several verses. A late in English....speaking countries. With this word is only capable of receiving a rhythm method, school children surpass in artistic not of giving one. Others accentuate the first achievement the singing of adults under note of each neume, or group, ignoring that other systems. This method is the outcome the construction of neumes are melodic not of Solesmes' hundred years of patient re... rhythmic. In a fusion of two neumes thus search, and for this they rightly deserve all forming a pressus there can be no rhythmiC the credit. These researches made possible significance to the first note of each neume the official Vatican Edition which we are moreover the same copyist did not always privileged to possess. 6 THE CAECILIA

Solesmes is without a doubt the best Melodies Gregoriennes", the "Vatican Grad... equipped workshop to carryon work of this ual" and "Antiphonal" belong to this period. kind. In 1928 it possessed copies of five hun.... However, these works were more scientific dred--fifty complete manuscripts, meaning en.... than practical. In the second period we find tire graduale, antiphonale etc.; two hundred.... the name of Dom Mocquereau with his ninety incomplete nlanuscripts, not to men .... "Paleographic Musicale" and his two vol... tion thousands of isolated pieces coming from umes of "Le Nombre Musicale" carrying all parts of Europe, and this wealth is being further the work of his predecessor and added to constantly. The immortal "Pale.... teacher, Dom Pothier. In the domain of in.... ographie Musicale" of Dom Mocquereau terpretation, his work is complete but·there could but make known a very small portion remained much to be done in the reestab... of this treasure. This publication did much lishing of the original versions. The publi... to foster the true melodies of Saint Gregory. cation of the "Antiphonale Monasticum" But on the other hand it afforded to some the afforded this opportunity. We know, of opportunity to dabble with these manuscripts course, that his Antiphonale is not identical and hinder the restoration by their fantastic with the "Antiphonale Romanum", so they findings. But Solesmes has seen many sys.... did not have to reproduce the Vatican Edi... terns come and go and has found itself the tion. They were left free to reproduce the stronger for the failures of its opponents. original as such. Credit for this spiendid Dom Mocquereau is the founder of the accomplishment comes to Dom Gajard, Dom Solesmes Choir; it gained reputation when he Mocquereau's worthy pupil and successor. was given its direction, and this fame has The Antiphonale Monasticum corrects the gone progressing ever since. People from all following abuses and omissions, common in parts of the world come to Solesmes to listen the Vatican Edition: the abuse of the B flat to the rendition of the chant.-Protestants as to avoid the so.... called harshness of the tri.... well as Catholics! The vigor and freshness tone, thereby falsifying in numerous cases of their singing, as opposed to the draggy, the modal sense of the piece in question; ponderous accentuation that often causes off.... certain leading tones at the cadences; wrong pitch singing, with which we are so familiar, dominance of recitation notes of certain is, in reality, a revelation to all. The Holy modes; the absence of the oriscus, the apos... Father never lost an occasion to express his tropha, ponctum liquesent; the failure to de.... high esteem for Dom Mocquereau. He had ferentiate between the scandicus and salicus. become acquainted with him while he was li .... The compiling of the Vatican Edition was brarian at the Ambrosian in Milan. In his at first given to the Monks of Solesmes under autograph letter to Dom Mocquereau on his the immediate direction of Dom Mocquereau golden anniversary in Monastic Life he made and the revision to a commission presided by an explicit allusion to the rhythmic signs. AI.... Dom Pothier who had left Solesmes in 1892. so on the occasion of the foundation of the after several meetings of the joint commission Gregorian Institute of Paris, he congratulates it was evident that an understanding was im .... Cardinal Dubois on his choice of the Monks possible on any version, on account of the of Solesmes as teachers for this Institute, be.... numerous factions. Pius X then gave the cause "Of their perfect competence in the compilation of the Vatican Edition to Dom matter." In a letter dated September 7, 1934, Pothier. So that the Vatican Edition is his of his Eminence, Cardinal Pacelli, to the Ab... own personal work and not that of Solesmes. bot of Solesmes, in reference to the publish... The Edition while being a fine work is really ing of the"Antiphonale Monasticum", "The only a melodic version. His timidity is evi.... Holy Father congratulates you for having dent throughout. the work; and then and reedited this portion of liturgical rhants with there, only a return to tradition, pure and its versions always more and more conform simple, would have been the solution. Some to the primitive Gregorian melodies." years later the compilation was given back to The recent publication by Desclee of the Solesrnes and we do not find the above weak... "Antiphonale Monasticum" although in... nesses in the work of the new commission of tended only for the Benedictine Order, marks Dom Feretti. With each succeeding release an epoch... making date in the history of the of the Vatican Press, Dom Mocquereau restoration, of Gregorian Chant. "l'his res.... added his three rhythmic signs to the already toration divides itself naturally into three existing Vatican Edition which he published periods.. ... In the first, we find the names through the House of Desclee. In 1904 Soles.... of Dom Gueranger and Dom Pothier. The mes had ceeded- to the Holy See the results publication of the HLiber Gradualis", HLes of all her researches. In return the Holy See THE CABCILIA 7 reserved for her the ownership of the Rhyth.... 1912, recommends their use for the sake of mic Signs. Some of these already existed in greater uniformity. editions published prior to the official Vati.... The Greeks along with Aristoxenes dis,.. can Edition. It is quite true that Dom Moe.... covered the fundamental laws of rhythm and quereau did not incorporate and add all the the indivisibility of the primary beat or first Rhythmic Signs to be found in the manu,.. beat. In Chant, the approximative value of scripts in his editions, but the responsibility this indivisible beat is the eighth....note. This for these so.... called omissions rests not with beat, in other types of music, may be a note him. For years the opponents of Solesmes other than the eighth...note. The wonderful tried to have the rhythmic editions of Soles,.. examples in slow sixteenth...notes in the chor... mes condemned by Rome; according to als of Bach convey the same feeling of calm some, the condemnation was already signed. and serenity so characteristic of chant sung This forced Dom Mocquereau to use much according to the free rhythm of the Vatican reserve and to reduce the number of rhyth.... Edition, that rhythm so desired by Pius X. mic signs. Little did he dream that these The expressive signs of the Solesmes Edi... same opponents would some years later ac.... tion protect this indivisible beat from mathe,.. cuse him of omissions instead of inventions. matical dryness and equality. Very far are But the condemnation never came, on the we from the jumpy and jerky way in which contrary, the Sacred Congregation of Rites all words of the dactyl ending are usually accorded them a legitimate canonical and· of,.. sung and where the climacuses are sung as flcial situation that the good monks had not triplets; and this, only to mention a few char... asked for. The imperfections of the Vatican acteristic aberrations of the apostles Hof any itself made it impossible to add the other old way." signs to be found in the manuscripts so that One of the largest obstacles in the path of the opponents of Solesmes while condemn,.. correct singing of chant is faulty Latin accen,.. ing Dom Mocquereau were forced to invent tuation. In these few words upon this im­ their own signs. portant subject we do not pretend to cover In the Vatican, alone, all is vague, there the subject thoroughly. Dom Mocquereau being no note values. Here are in short the found himself obliged to give it several chap­ three famous rhythmic signs, The first is the ters in his UNomber Musical." The Tonic MORA VOCIS or dot, which doubles the Accent of the Latin language began by being value of the note. The second is the EPIS... a simple elevation of the voice on the accen­ EMA or horizontal bar, which lengthens the tuated syllable. At that period this aforesaid value of the note but does not double it; it elevation was not accompanied by any in...· is an expressive sign. The third is wrongly tensity or lengthening. As early as the elev~· termed ICTUS, or vertical episema, or better enth century, and probably under the influ­ referred to as rhythmic support, it is purely ence of the Barbarian Invasions, the accent rhythmic and not dynamic; it is a sign of became more and more intense and as it musical punctuation. None of the above signs grew stronger it was lengthened correspond..... indicate intensity. It is to be noted that out.... ingly; and this condition still exists in our side of the horizontal bar none of these dif.... day and time, despite the fact that Rome ferent signs appear as such in the manu.... urges the use of the Roman pronunciation. scripts; no more than do the bars of division Some of the Latin grammars used in our incorporated in the Vatican Edition. With Catholic colleges still teach the above falIa · the help of these signs nothing is left to cies. Under their system the normal dac... chance, the rhythm is indicated in such a tyl ending composed of three syllables like manner that even the most humble country.... "Do mi .... nus" becomes uDom.... inus" or the' church choirs can sing their chant as cor... ante penult is lengthened to such an extent recdy as thos~ of the largest cathedral. that the penult barely gets the equivalence of Notes, groups of notes, and even the value of a sixteenth note. It is precisely this dena...

rests are regulated. These rests, says Dom turedt crushed, and lengthened accent that Mocquereau, are elements of the rhythmic gave birth to the Romance languages; but un... composition to the same title as the sounds der its tyranny the sacred principle of the in... ofwhich they are taking the place. These divisible beat becomes an impossibility. The' rests have exactly the same quantitative val... Latin accent is by its very nature and origin ues as the notes and syllables expressed. short, light and acute. Even the polyphonic­ Bishops can declare the Solesmes Rhythmic writers understood and applied it in that Editions official in their own diocese. The manner, although composing at a time when Cardinal Vicar in his letter of February 2, Mensuralism was rapidly tolling the passing' 8 THE CAECILIA away of free rhythm. Unity of pronuncia... rise of the melody. This arsic character of tion will never be attained 1?y accentuating the tonic accent fits it thoroughly because it according to our own mother tongue but ac... is alert, and light, (Quantitative Order) cording to the Roman pronunciation. acute (Melodic Order) moderate and free One of Solesmes' greatest achievements from heaviness (Intensive Order) short and rests on the fact that it was the first to de... almost spiritual (Accentus Animae V ocis) . materialize the accent, in chant at least. It For a better understanding of the Soles... proclaims the mutual independence of the mes Method we recommend the study of the rhythmic ictus and the literary accent. It two volumes of ISLe Nombre Musical" with... teaches that intensity has no fixed place in out which one can hardly claim to possess the essential analysis of rhythm. Length workable knowledge of the subject especi... alone in certain cases can awaken a rhythm. ally if he happens to be a choir director. The The accents are distributed among all beats ten monographies are also very good but except in certain kinds of music with which they are, at the present time, available only we are not concerned here. All we organ... in the French language. The two best meth... ists know that at the pipe... organ we can ods in the English language are the English accentuate without modifying intensity, in translation by G. M. Dunford of Dom Sun,.. fact, in most cases we are not able to do so. ors text book and Mrs. Ward's Music Fourth Let us remember that accentuation is only Year; this is entirely devoted to the study one of the elements of expression. Rhythm of Gregorian Chant. Although meant for to most people only means periodical stress. children, we all can learn much from it, be... Its misunderstanding comes from the confu... cause of the fact that we have so many pre... sion of the different elements of sounds, conceived notions on the subject, it might be namely: duration, intensity, pitch, and tim... well to study this excellent method slowly, ber. Rhythm is the passage from move... and step by step, as do children. ment to repose; these two elements are re... We can never be too careful about the quired, a rise, and a fall. At the base of choice of 'written accompaniment to the sing.­ rhythm there is a series of small but com.­ ing of Gregorian Chant. This for several plete steps, each having a rise and a fall, or reasons; first, it was never meant to be ac,.. more commonly called an arsis and thesis. companied. Even the best accompaniments To the fall of this elementary rhythm corres... embarrass the rhythm but most of them are ponds the rhythmic ictus. only an awkward, aimless succession of Here we touch upon the most misunder... chords. All accompaniments that do not stood point of the Solesmes Doctrine. Again change chord at the ictuses (not at every ic ... we must repeat that the ictus belongs to the tus) should be tabooed, regardless of the rhythmic and not to the dynamic order, that prominence of the harmonizer. These can it is not synonymous with intensity. Both be quickly recognized by the complete ab,., the ictus and the tonic accent fufill a differ... sence of rhythmic signs. With the constant ent purpose. The tonic accent is the life of successions of chords in fundamental posi,.. the word while the ictus shows the group... tion and the total lack of dissonances, these ing of the notes. The ictus is the rhythmic accompaniments are lifeless and stagnant support or beat one of the binary and ter...... no wonder the singers drag and their nary measures. It is wrong to assimilate it chants sound like a dirgel Dissonances give with the first beat of our modern musical sys... vitality to an accompaniment. It is the very tem. The ictus possesses its own individ... life,.,blood of our polyphony. With it the ual importance according to the syllable to choir is unconsciously urged to go on. The which it corresponds and to the place it oc~ use of chords of rest too often contradict the cupies in the melodic line. The ictus being arsic movement of the melody. The abuse by its nature independent of the tonic accent of the B' flat in the accompanying parts in it mayor may not coincide with it. It is the immediate proximity of a B natural des.­ strong if it coincides with one, and weak if troys all modal feeling; not to mention the it coincides with a non... accentuated syllable, use of the dominant seventh with its lead... a penult or final syllable. Antiquity teaches ing tone imperiously demanding a resolution us that the music is to be preferred to the on the tonic. The only method published so grammar or form of the word: "Musica non far in the English language that is a hundred subjacet regulis donatL" The ictus belongs percent Solesmes is that of Potiron. His re... to the fall of the rhythm and therefore is centlypublished written accompaniments of adaptable to the final syllable of a word. On the Proper and the Common are the best yet. the contrary the tonic accent belongs to the They are much superior to the written ac,., I'HE CAECILIA 9 companiment of the Kyriale written in col... the Solesmes' affirmation are hypothetical, laboration with Dom Des Roquettes. These we say that they are well worth following accompaniments are in use at Solesmes and nevertheless, because of the fact that no one those who have had the good fortune of else has anything practical to offer. Roman hearing the monks' rendition of chant, never circles in particular show themselves more notice the accompaniment because it is rhy... and more favorable to Solesmes. It is a well thmic and discreet. Many capable organists known fact that upon hearing the Solesmes need no written accompaniments they are Hecords, the Holy Father's admiration was ,capable of harmonizing as they read from the most evident. Does he not use this same chant notation. therefore adapting their ac,., li1.etflOd in his o\vn school, The Pontifical companiments in the keys suitable to the School of Church Music in Rome? And does range of the singers' voices. he not pontificate to the tunes of these chants Let us leave all disputes to specialists and sung according to the method of this same to genuine paleographs who are experts in school? Does not every seminary in Rome these matters, and may I say, that they are use the same method? .. .. We know of rare, if any are to be found on this side of the Holy Father's personal interest in the the ocean; there being only a handful of fostering of the Ward Method in his native available manuscripts outside of Solesmes. Italy .. .. Is not this method the most Too much time has been lost over these un,., perfect reproduction of the teachings of this necessary discussions. Holy Mother the same school? What other Schools can offer Church has given us an official edition such credentials, It is not elsewhere that we ••.. it does not pretend that it is impec,., must look for the practical thought of the cable no more than does Solesnles hold that Church in this important affair. Let us be their system is unattackable. The fact that content to do as the Rt.mans do in this mat... Dom Mocquereau found many mistakes in ter as in all others.,...... The use of the Solesmes the Vatican, he nevertheless had the com... Editions is our only hope, our only possible mon sense of bowing before the official text. means of obtaining uniform singing of Greg,., To those who are still certain that some of orian Chant.

CHURCH MUSIC IS TOO FAST Lack of Unity, Also, in the Services By R. FRANZ REISSMANN

When I began my services as organist I ludes. But my observation has been to had been in this country about a year and a ., speed up" everything unnecessarily. I dis.... half. I had been brought up and confirmed tinctly remember the choir leader of my in the German Lutheran Church; I also church admonishing me to H speed up" the played many times as a student at church doxology, that I had been taught. to play services in Germany. As a boy I sang in the twice as slowly as I was required here. I ,old St. Thomas Church, at Leipzig, where a have always felt that hymns are played too boy choir has sung since J. S. Bach's time. So fast, even the chorals of some of which are when I first observed church lllusic in this in our hymn...bookst for instnacet uEin feste ,country, and by that I mean congregational Burg," by Martin Luther, or the hymn that singing. solos, and organ playing, I was nat.­ is sung a good deal during Holy Week, urally very much surprised. Being used to "Passion Choral," by J. S. Bach. The reli.... the old stately chorals and "Motetten" of the gious devotion of these hymns can only be German church. I found it rather difficult to expressed by a slow and solemn movement. familiarize myself with the lighter hymns of Of course these are the so... called old hymns, our hymnbook, the HveHer anthems and the but it is a proof of their worth, that they are -organ music required. still sung. After forty years of service, I still believe My observation also has shown me that that all music, may it be organ, hYll1n. an,., very often the music used at services is not them or solo, must first of all be devotional. in harmony with the religious service. It is ,and devotion can be expressed not only in selected at random and consequently is not in slow serious music, but also in joyous tune. as I might say. Besides being devo,., music, glad ant hem s, joyous post,., tionat church music (prelude, hymn, an... 10 THE CAECILIA thems, etc.) should always prepare a proper OTHER NOTABLE MUSIC SUPPLEMENTS atmosphere for the ready reception of the (Continued from Page 4) message of the minister of the church. We Msgr. Manzettfs three part setting of the are apt to forget that, during the general run famous Allegri "Misererett has been adopted of services. But of course at a festive oc... for use in the leading seminaries of the coun... t casion like Easter somehow we all co... oper... try. Mauro...Cottone s compositions gathered ate in having a joyous service; music Scrip... into two books of the new "Melodiae Sa... ture, sermon prayer are all prepared as they crae" have won encomiums from Pietro Yon should be. The result is an inspiring service, of the N. Y. Cathedral, Father Selner, of and a large and happy congregation. the Baltim~re Seminary, and other renowned Boston Transcript. church musicians. The recent compositions by Sister Rafael, B.V.M., have been received with unusual enthusiasm, as testified by the fact that each MUSIC BIOGRAPHIES composition has received a sale of about Italian Masters 2000 copies, within two months·of their ap'" pearance. Orders have been received from Communities of various Orders, so that it cannot be said that fraternal loyalty ac... counts for such an unusual record. Father Bonvints "Ave Maria" it will be remembered was sung by the combined choirs of Buffalo, N. Y. at the civic obser... vances of the 100th anniversary of that city. The "Jubilate Deo" by Father Barley, was rendered at the National Convention of the Marco Enrico Bossi Society of St. Gregory in Washington, D.C. in 1934. before publication, and Singenberg... (1861~192S) erts "Ecce Sacerdos" was also heard on this Illustrious cOJVposer and Organist of Italy, same program. Schuetkyts "Emmitte Spir... whose works are known throughout the itum" was sung by the combined Catholic world. His music in published form ap'" choirs of Boston, at the Festival of the Amer.... pears ~~r. chorus as well as the organ, al... ican Choral and Festival Alliance, in 1934. though it is for the latter that most of his Sister Cherubim's H Adoro Te" has turned works are known in this country. He was out to be the most popular contribution by Director of the Conservatory of Venice, this composer to appear in THE CAECILIA Bologna, and of St. Cecilia in Rome. Korman's "Hodie Christus Natus Est" from a previous year in THE CAECILIA, has become a standard favorite at Christmas set.... vices, as has the Mauro ... Cottone "Ninna Nanna". Another composer whose works appeared in a previous year's issue of this magazine, is F. J. McDonough, whose "Can... tate Domino", and "0 Rex Gloriae" have been widely adopted for use by several im.... portant choirs of men's voices. There was much discussion about the Bon... Msgr+ Licinio Refice vin arrangement of Schubert's"Ave Maria" At present Msgr. Refice is Choirmaster at some favorable and some disparaging. the Church of St. Mary Major, in Rome and Rene Becker's "0 Bone Jesu" offered last Professor of Composition, Pontifical School year as part of a Lenten series, has sold of Sacred Music. Composer of many worth... throughout the year, indicating that this while motets and masses, his latest accom... piece has an appeal sufficient to remove it plishment is in his Oratorio "Cecilia" which from the class of ordinary selections. An... was recently given a notable performance at other piece, of this type was "Laudate Domi,.. the Eucharistic Congress in Buenos Aires. num" by Father Walter of St. Francis Semi... Eight of his Motets were composed directly nary, who is soon to present a new series of for THE CAECILIA. His "Missa Chor... selections for Ment s voices. alis" is also published in this country. uPhilomuse". THE CAECILIA 11 L'ESCOLANIA OF MONTSERRAT ABBEY IN SPAIN By DOM ADELARD BOUVILLIERS, O.S.B., M.A., MUS. DOC.

MONTSERRAT (mount of serrated this minster that twelve Benedictines left rocks) is a Benedictine Abbey in Catalonia, with their Prior in order to accompany Spain, not far from Barcelona. It has been a Christopher Columbus in one of his voyages Benedictine Monastery since the year 1035 to the new continent. This mountain abbey according to the historians Dom Mabillon also, in extending its hospitality to the soldier and Baluze. Its foundation as a Benedictine Ignatius of Loyola (1500), who had come to' Priory was made from the Abbey of Ripoll, pray before the statue of our Lady of Mont,.. and it remained a Priory till the·' year 1410 serrat, was instrumental in bringing the when it was raised to the dignity of an Ab... Founder of the Society of Jesus to bid fare,.. bey. It was united to the Benedictine Can... well to earthly camps and wordly honor. ,It gregation of Valladolid in the year 1489--a is said, that the famous Exercises of St. Ig,.. Congregation of the Benedictine Order that natius are based on the practice of the Exer,.. united fifty abbeys all through Spain. citatorium of Abbot Cisneros of Montserrat Long, before it was a shrine of man, Mont... (t1510). serrat was a shrine of nature and naturally Numerous are the caravans of pilgrims legend and Inystery have ever surrounded its who annually go to visit and pray to Our rocky crags. Legends say that the oman Lady of Montserrat. The Basilica in its in,.. Estorcit an Iberian deity, had its temple, and terior is rather dark, but it contains the most had been worshipped there; furthermore it is perfect works of the best sculptors. And the th;e persistent belief that Montserrat, or center of devotion is the Statue of the Virgin Mountsalvat, was that celebrated mountain of Montserrat.' This statue of the Virgin and in a remote corner of the. earth where un,... Child of Montserrat is of ebony hue, and her' earthly hands had borne and preserved the robes and jewels are of great richness. The Holy Grail used by Our Lord at the Last pilgrim is .allowed to mount a staircase be,.. Supper. But though this latter claim is ex... hind the Altar and to kiss the hand of the tremely fascinating, there is no proof of such Heavenly Queen. This famous Black Ma,.. legend or imaginings. donna is to Montserrat Abbey what another The Mountain and Abbeys Buildings of famous Black Madonna, 'nigra sum, sed for,.. Montserrat constitute a fountain of monastic, mosa,'.... is to the millenary Abbey of musical and literary inspiration. The monas,... Einsiedeln in Switzerland. They are the tic dwellings shelter 166 Benedictines, 76 of greatest treasures of the respective abbeys, w hom are priests, 30 Clerics and 54 Con... and the center of their life. verse Brothers. The monks are largely oc,... In our days the pilgrim is not expected to cupied by the management of a school of mu,... climb those rugged and ragged heights in sic, sacred and profane, besides their mon... order to reach the monastery df Montserrat astic scriptorium which is a modern printing and the Basilica which are naturally enclosed plant, issui;ng many elegant volumes each in the rocky craggs of Montserrat. To per,.. year. Montserrat had its first press in the form this journey on foot is an undertaking year 1489, when following the examples of as formidable and varied as was Hannibal's Westminster Abbey in England and Subi... journey over the Alps, for Montserrat itself aco Abbey in Italy, the monks had called the is really an outlying eminence of the snow,.. celebrated printer Luschner to establish their capped Pyrenees. To... day, there is a small first press. The Abbey has its famous Esco,... station directly facing the mountain where lania, a kind of Conservatory for Sacred Mu,... one mounts in an aerial cable car to the very sic, which has been fostered since the 14th door of the sacred precincts. And once there, century. Literary inspiration is everywhere, what a noble scene of majestic grandeur and but especially in the monks' large library and beauty presents itself to the spectator! On their' abbatial Bysantine Basilic~. one side, stand the historic Pyrenees in all The monastic missionary spirit was also their superb loveliness and romantic charm, to be found at Montserrat, for it was from while on the other, towards Barcelona, the 12 THE CAECILIA sparkling blue waters of the Mediterranean Oblates. In the beginning, the Escolania flash a smile of welcome. And on clear days had only twelve boys, but in time, the num.... it isr,even possible to catch a glimpse of the ber grew larger. In 1849, accommodations Island of Mallorca (Majorca) ---a night's were made for about thirty.... five escolans, sailing distance away. It was at Mallorca and even to this day the number has never Island, in the Carthusian Priory that Chopin surpassed sixty. The admission to the Es.... passed some six months "\\Tith George Sand. colania and its Chorale is connected with a They have seen this all transcendant beauty beautiful and pathetic ceremony (we are in of land and sea, which like the painting of a Spain .... ) but I will omit its description master gleams and quivers with every color, in order to begin at once the organisation of the bright cerulean sky spreading itself in the School. loving benediction. This Institution occupies a huge and splen~ The School (Escolania) of Music at Mont~ did building, and is separated from the serrat Abbey, always reminds me of what monastery proper. The musical director, Leon Gauthier has written about an old and who is also the Master of Ceremonies, the very famous abbey.H "At St. Galt music Chaplain and other Professors are the monks reigned supreme, and one could not move of the abbey. The pupils must be at least without hearing the tunes of psalmody and eight years of age for admission, so that they other melodies, or. without seeing the chil~ can understand their duties and not cause dren holding those long rolls, which were any delay in the progress of studies, for they covered with notes. It was, let me saYta per~ follow courses similar to those of a college or petual concert---it was an endless! feast. 1t Conservatory. The study of Latin is impor... Every time a musician goes to the old Ab~ tant, but music for the Escolans holds the bey of Montserrat, founded in the XIth cen~ first place. Not less than four hours and a turyt he really sees there, the reign of music. half are devoted each day to musical studies. He will meet children, provided either with The little musicians play many instruments Gregorian Chant books, or other books treat~ and can be seen grouped in a band playing ing of music; he will hear their voices and for the processionals and other rejoicings. their instruments also,and assist at a perpe.... At the age of sixteen they return to their par~ tual concert and a feast without end. Totally . ents. Some of them come back and ask ad.... charmed by the children of the Chorale, I mission into the monastery proper, ...... others wish to write here of the Escolania as the may enter the seminary while others still may School of Music, for there are other courses stay in the world to start their musical ca~ at the institution also. And poets, historians, reer. theologians, naturalists and scientists have The Escolania has a long course of history consecrated brilliant pages to this place of and it has produced many masters who be.... natural.and supranatural wonders. Concern~ came famous throughout the world. The ing this, I may refer to the following confes.... first list of her Masters of Ceremonies, or sion of Maurice Barres: "Twenty years ago rather Music Directors, which is preserved when my companions were drinking in the in the records of the Institution, shows no pages of Tolstoi, of Nietzche, of Ibsen,and interruption- from the year 1567 to 1859, and claiming that the light came to them from the contains the names of twenty~nine monks of North, I found my in'spiration in Venice, in Montserrat. Below I mention the principal Toledo and Cordoba, and I understood Masters: Wagner in the setting of Montserrat. Parsi~ Dom Juan Cererols (t1680), who was a fal was revealed to me at Montserrat as an pupil of Dom Juan Marques. According to episode of the great mission of the Spain of the judgement of the present Director, Dom the Middle Ages, as an essential episode of Anselm Ferrer, O.S.B., he was the most re.... the Reconquest.tt markable composer of the Escolania. The Escolania of Monserrat, the School of Dom Francisco Rosell (t1576), a splendid Music proper, is attended by young members master, and his genius in compositions is of distinguished families who, in fulfillment proven in his various works. of avow, send their sons to the Escolania, Dom Benito Soler ( 1662), was also a if only for a brief time, that they might re~ t H genial master and composer. ceive the title of "pages of the Virgin. The School or Conservatory of Sacred Music has Dom Juan Rocabert (t1701), was a great an enr'olIment of not more than 60 students. composer and an· extraordinary organist. These are called the Escolans and they are Dom "Miguel Lopez (t1723, talented com·.. sheltered in another building than that of the poser also. THE CAECILIA 13

Detail of Architecture at Montserrat Dom Jase Marti (t1763) was for thirty tion of the Chorale was given to a newly pro.... years the Master of Ceremonies. His com.... fessed monk, who was attracted to fEsco.... positions are distinguished by inspiration and lania by his devotion to the Blessed Virgin richness of melody. Mary. He was Dom Gusman, a.S.B., fa .... Dom Benito Julia (tI787, a genial and ori.... mous Master of Ceremonies at the Cathedral ginal composer. in Valencia. Under his supervision, the Dom Marcizo Casanovas (t1799), a bril.... School was quickly raised from its prostra.... liant composer and organist. His works, as tioD. Due to his superabundant musical qual,... well as those of his time may be lacking in ities and his strong will and forceful energy, liturgical taste, but it would be difficult, nay the musical archives were cleared and re.... useless ,to try and discover faults in his writ.... vised, and set in order, according to the ings. Moreover, his music is full, rich, and manner and times of the former Masters. He contains graceful melodies. reorganized the program of studies (I do not With him finishes the so.... called "Filiation mention them in detail for they are like those of the Grand Masters of Montserrat." After taught in Music Conservatories), and due to this time a complete decfine is found in mu .... his continuous efforts his pupils were trained sical art and the works of his successors bear to become a class of really talented musi,... that impression. The political changes and cians. He died on the 18th of March, 1909, military disturbances which swept Europe, at the a~e of 63. My father knew him well, were the cause of this decline and they made and furthermore, he loved him. Dom Gus,... a pitiful victim out of the Escolania. man was a great friend ofFilipe Pedrell (Pe... The most critical period for the Institution drell was the XIX century reformer of Span... was not durin'g the Napoleonic era however. ish National Music) whom he called 'Ie plus although the Abbey of Montserrat was de.... enfant des enfants de l'Escolania,' (the best spoiled of the vast treasureswhich it had ac... child amongst the children of l'Escolania). cumulated during the middle.... age, despoiled Dom Gusman's immediate successor, was during the Napoleonic war (1808.... 14) and Dom Ramire Escolet, who died two years la... Napoleon·s Army had burned the Abbey, tel'. He had not been the former Master's nor was it during the Spanish Revolution pupil. The one following Dom Escolet was ( 1805) when at the time, the cloister had one of the late Dom Gusman's best students. been partly set on fire, but later, especiaHy He is still living, and is no other than the from the years 1859.... 1890, when not having great musician Dom Anselm Ferrer. He their own faculty the monks were forced to conscientiously continues the tradition of his employ salaried tutors when the minster had master and entertains l'Escolania in the state been rebuilt. in which he found it. With the year 1890, a new era has begun Among the famous artists who perpetuate for the Escolania--a real epoch. The direc.... Dom Gusman's memory, may be mentioned 14 THE CAECILIA

Bienvenido Socias a man of extraordinary o t clock in most Benedictine monasteries. talent and an accomplished pianist. He has They assist at it on Sundays and Holy days given many concerts in Europe as well as in only, and then the Mass is rendered in sev­ America and always with wonderful success. eral voices or in modern music. At times, Enrique Miro, Rafael Colomer, Pedro for the greater Feasts, at l\tlontserrat Abbev Bosch and two others I do not know person.... as in other Abbeys such as Einsiedeln, Dis.... ally, after having made their fame in Europe sentis or Engleberg in Switzerland. etc., the are now living in America. These five were school orchestra still plays with the organ also Dom Gusman's pupils. and the monks sing together with the Esco.... Another remarkable and very famous pi.... lans. anist is Felix Rofols. He finished his course Every night at seven.... thirty, the whole con.... at l'Escolania in the year 1916 and in the ventus or body of monks, clerics converse same year the public of Barcelona honored brothers, the oblates and the escolans, gath.... him as a talented artist. Now, he is a Pro.... ers in the Basilica for night prayers that is fessor at the "Acadeluia Granados/' a well Compline. This devotion is concluded \vith known Institution, founded by another genial the famous ~Salve Regina' called also "Salve musician who lost his life in the ~Sussex' ca.... Montserratina." It is also sung like Com.... tastrophe. pline, and the latter last at least twenty min.... In the ranks of the clergy there are still utes. The Community sings its part of the living and active the following priests who antiphon in Gregorian Chant which is an.... were pupils of Dom Gusman; Don Angel Ro.... swered in harmonized voices by the stu.... damilans, Master of Ceremonies and organ.... dents; and although the Gregorian melody is ist in the parish church in Sabadell, Spain. unchangeable, every evening, we may detect D. Jose Pedro, organist of the Gerone Cath.... new harmonies, for the students change their edral, composer and a very able improvisa... melodies three or four times in the week. tor. D. Jose Agullo, composer and organist The most harmonious effects and prayerful at St. Martin's. Mr. Roberto Goberna, the or.... devotion are the result of the rendition of ganist of the Immaculate Conception Church the students' parts in falso....bordones accom.... fo~ panying this charming and devotional anti.... who is famous his concerts at the Palace ~Salve of Fine Arts. Finally, the distinguished or.... phon. It recalls the singing of the ganists of the Montserrat Basilica (one of Regina' at the Grande Trappe in France, monodized, yet, religious and imploring or, the many monk organists that the :minster ~Salvet has) the Very Rev. Dom Placido Escofet, better still, it reminds one of the of O.S.B. the Swiss Benedictines to their Lady of Ein.... siedeln (of the Hermits) in Switzerland. This short history and the names of sev.... eral masters and pupils will suffice to prove There are different occasions during the that rEscolania is one of the oldest and the year when throngs of pilgrims from all over best Institution of Music, and will also prove the world are attracted to the Abbey of that it deserves its reputation among the Mu.... Montserrat, by. the splendid sinring and the sic Schools and Schola Cantorum, and will music rendered by the communIty. Such oc.... show the reason why Catalonia, Spain, and casions are Holy Week, the feast of the 1m .... especially the Benedictine Order can be maculate Conception (Dec. 8th), and dur.... proud of this 'Alma' of fame. ing the entire Month of May. In order not to prolong this article I must omit other important and interesting But what part do the little cantors take in accounts. But I sincerely wish that the daily Office, which the monastic commun.... many of my readers from America,·while ity renders to the Blessed Virgin of Mont.... traveling through sunny Spain, would make serrat? a visit to the Basilica of Our Lady of Mont.... Every morning, at six o'clock, they sing serrato This remarkable mountain is North.... the Mass, which is called after them "Missa East of Barcelona and only 30 miles from des Escolans." This is sung, usually in Greg.... that city. The monastery stands 2910 feet orian Chant, accompanied by students at the above sea.... level upon a narrow platform on harmonium, each taking his turn. On Satur"" the edge of the Vale.... Medo. The Basilica . days, Sundays and Peasts, they sing this was built under King Phillip II (1560....92). Mass in two voices with the organ. On Our Lady of Monsserrat is the Patron Saint week days the children do not assist at the of Catalonia, and her Church (a Basilica) in Solemn Mass or Conventual Mass of the which is exposed her celebrated image, a Community, which takes place at nine small statue,-black and carved of wood, THE CAECILIA 15 but adorned with magniflcent robes and jew..­ While awaiting a visit to Montserrat those els,-is said to be the one carved by St. Luke readers, who are inclined to appreciate the and brought to Barcelona by St. Peter in Gregorian Cantilena, might get acquainted A. D. 30. The rich Basilica is visited an..­ with some of the 120 discs that are issued by nually by more than 60,000 pilgrims. In different flrms,-120 discs recording Greg... Sept. 1881, the statue was crowned with a orian excerpts.-The Abbey and the·Esco... precious crown which Pope Leo XIII had lania have issued eight records, two of which sent from Rome for that purpose. As already AE 3302 and AE 3347 are Gregorian. The noted the abbey was burned in 1811, but it records were made by "La Voz de su Amo," was rebuilt and what had remained was Barcelona (Spain). These numbers, the two richly restored. Furthermore in 1880 a Ro... are Gregorian rendition in the most authentic manesque apse was added. Solesmian style. In the Kyrie Altissime I desire to assure all pilgrims, that they (Vat. Ed. No. IV ad libitum) "we hear the will be well rewarded for having journeyed little oblates alternating with the monks and to Montserrat, for there, many aesthetic ex..­ even surpassing them by the absolute per", periences are awaiting them. The sympa..­ fection of their delicate singing. CONVER... thetic Lord Abbot, the Master of Cere... TERE (Ember Saturday of Lent) is a sub... monies, the Director Dom Gregorio SuynoI lime prayer, so recollected, so touchingly and the famous organists of the minster are pious, so irresistibly supplicating." In this living ideals of the traditional Benedictine the Solesmes height is reached. hospitality. Dom Suynol's Method on Greg,., It is evident that with their triple training orian Chant, containing the teaching of Soles..­ ...... monastic sacerdotal .and scientiflc-and mes, is well known in Europe as well as in with the equipment, and the material the America. It was translated into French by monks and students at Montserrat Abbey another Benedictine monk Dom Maur Sab..­ possess, they will continue the cultivation of layrolles of the Abbey at En..-Calcat, a high standard of scholarship and learning (Dourgne), France, to whom I am much in... that is usually sought for and found in Ben..­ debted for the data contained in this paper. edictine monasteries. Dom Suynol's Method or Textbook on Greg..­ "Melody was the prayer of man to God, orian Chant has been translated into English God's response to man was harmony." from the Sixth French Edition by Grace M. Durnford. FIN IS

View of Montserrat 16 THE CAECILIA TRAINING THE BOY CHOIR By W. M. HAMMOND St. Peters Church. Fort Wayne. Ind.

PART I causes: the changing of the boys' voices, and Selection of Boys the moving of their abode to other localities. I am aware. however, that many choir,..,mas .... Before .actually starting the training of tel'S experience great difficulty,· from a variety boys, or rather even before the organization of causes. Sometimes choristers become dis,.., of the Boy Choir, it is well to consider first contented. whimsical and "tired of singing." the sufficiency of material, present and pros.... It may be that they change their residences. pective. Choirs are often started without an fall ill. ~r drift into occupations which pre.... adequate supply of material, and in instances vent theIr regular attendance at' rehearsals. of this kind extreme difficulties are bound to In l~rger cities i~. is not infrequent for boys to be met with in an endless struggle to keep be brought up and induced to leave their the choir'ranks full. choir.by ~?oirmasters who have an "easy Where there are parochial schools, as for.... conSCIence , and who can afford to make it tunately we usually have, the supply of choir a financial object for them to change. This boys is practically inexhaustable. For I have is an abominable practice which I am sorry found that by far the greater majority of still exists to some degree. boys' voices are very susceptible to training. So even if the school were small, with per.... It is interesting to note that most of the haps only fifty boys in attendance, it need successful choirs in non,..,Catholic churches admit no hardship. are salaried choirs. Henry Smart says. "If I For a large church, from sixteen to thirty.... have a choir, it must not be a'voluntary one. six boys (sopranos) are necessary., For a I will not be subject to the whims and fancies small church, from ten to sixteen. This reck.... of the singers, or liable to have all the ten,.., oning is approximate, however, for much de.... ors absent, or all the altos. If I have a choir. pends upon the voices and their manage.... it must be a pard one, whose services I can ment. command.tt The salaried system is the easi,.., Boys are useful as choristers when they est, Choirmasters are of one mind on this are between the ages of ten and sixteen point and when it is used with choristers. u,.., years. However, I have often used boys as sually one or two dollars monthly per chor,.., young as eight years. This does not seem ister is sufficient, but this should be paid the best policy although they may possess weekly or semi.... monthly. good voices. they are too young to evince When circumstances permit. there should sufficient musical and general intelligence to be as many men as boys in the choir. For be of much service. Over sixteen, and some.... example. to balance eighteenwell,..,trained times younger, their voices are changing or sopranos. there should be eig-ht basses. six on the verge of it, and hence are no longer tenors, and four altos if the alto part be sung suitable. Although the younger boys are not by men. But voices differ so much in force as valuable as the older ones, it is advisable and carrying power, that no definite rule can to keep up a supply of them, allowing them be laid down as to proportion of parts. The to come to rehearsals and singing on certain best results, however are obtained only occasions. Eventually the younger boys be.... when the choir contains a full number of come the leaders. and the choir must be filled men. This will not alone enrich the harmonic at one end while it empties at the other.' gain, but bold unison passages ring out with Bright, nervous, energetic boys who are fond telling effect 'when the choir is plentifully of music. make the best choristers. It is well' supplied with adult voices. In small choirs. to avoid those WhO are naturally indolent or w here the boys are supported by a few men, deficient in musical instinct. even if they have unison music is generally ineffective. It mirr ht superior voices. Changeable choristers are be well to take caution that tenor and alto highly undesirable, but boys of steady habits parts do not stand out too prominently. True and fixed purposes are desirable, because harmonic value is"the balancing of all voices.. they are not likely to give up their choir du.... with perhaps a'little more prominence given ties after the novelty of singing has abated. to the soprano voice. Personally, I have never had much diffi,.., Not alone from musical reasons, but for culty in losing choristers. only from the chief ecclesiastical reasons as welL should boy,.., THE CAECILIA 17 choirs be employed in Catholic churches. steadily and noiselessly through the nose. Stubbs says, "The vocal difficulties of boy Hold the breath while counting two. choir-training although great, are far from Release the breath suddenly as we did in insurmountable; more--over, in places where the former exercise, say ~ not sighing ~ it has been found impossible to maintain a "Hah," softly. The sound should come ex-­ high degree of vocal proficiency among chor-­ actly with the fall of the hand.. bt'~ath th~ isters t vested choirs have nevertheless been Hold for c.ount of two. the means of reviving the interest in true Repeat the above process, saying HHay." Church music. and have incontestably proved Repeat the above process. saying "Hee." their general superiority to other forms of Rest for half a minute, breathing in the choirs. ordinary manner. PART II Repeat to HHah," "Ho," "Hoo," (who). Bre1athingand Breathing Exercises Rest as formerly. Repeat as formerly. Nothing can be more important to the Repeat to "Hf' "How," "Hoy." singer or chorister than the acquirement of The mouth should be opened widely by control of breath, while nothing is such a dropping the lower jaw. the tip of the tongue potent cause of difficulty and has such far-­ reaching illeffect as lack of control. or mis,.., should be in contact with the base of the taken methods. lower teeth. Without air no tone can be produced; it III is the motive power of voice, but. whereas in Take position as before. silent breathing it takes place automatically. Take a moderate amount of breath, slowly, The amount inspired varies in accordance steadily and noiselessly through the nose. with the varying needs of physical activities, in the production of tone control as needed. Hold while counting one. and it is therefore necessary to consider how Open the mouth and let the breath out as this can best be obtained. slowlYt steadily, and as noiselessly as it was A much higher degree of control is needed taken in. The control of the breathing mus-­ for singing than for speaking. by reason of cles· should be such that you are hardly con,... its greater tonal range and prolongation. scious of their movement. On account at,... Then too. the singer is much more condi-­ tempt to control the breath with the throat tioned as regards breathing places and time muscles. allowance for breathing than the speaker. At the end of the expiration remain empty The singer constantly must take a full inspir-­ while counting one. ation with rapidity, the composer often giv-­ This exercise should be done twelve times ing no break in the music in the shape of a in all, inthree groups of four, breathing nor,... rest; and he certainly has to render much mally between each group for half a minute. longer and much more sustained phrases Do not take this exercise or succeeding ones than the speaker. Pitch, intensity of tone, until numbers one and two can be done fairly length of phrase, sustained tone, staccato. well, as they work up the flexibility and flexibility. crescendo, diminuendo.~they are strength of the respiratory muscles which all the result of varying amounts of breath enable expiration to be controlled. Always and of varying degrees of breath pressure: take care not to lift the upper chestt as al,.. and in the main these all depend on control ready mentioned. in inspiration. of expiration. In expiration lies the essen... IV tial difference between the automatic respi... ration of silent breathing. and respiration for Take position as before. tone production. Take a moderate amount of breatht slowly, Bearing the above in mind we see how steadily and noiselessly through the nose. necessary it is to give choristers breathing Hold while counting one. exercises. and regularly to devote a portion Sing "00" softly, placing the lips well for-­ of rehearsal time to correct breathing me,... ward, while letting the breath out slowly and thods and breathing exercises. particularly steadily as in the previous exercise. Sustain... during the first few weeks that breathing ex,... ing the tone right to the end of the breath. ercises are practiced. This should take a count of first, four, then II five, and then six. Take position as before. Repeat as before, after resting and breath,.. Take a moderate amount of breath slowly, ing ordinarily and repeat to "oh". 18 THE CAECILIA

Repeat to "ah, ai, ii", as was described UNUSUAL MOURNING CUSTOM above. A curious custom that obtains in Buenos Aires with regard to attendance at the opera Practise these on different notes in the is of interest here. Families who are in middle voice. mourning secure a box surrounded by an The hand over the base of the lungs should iron grille, from which they enjoy the opera; move slowly and steadily outwards in the in.­ but none of their friends is supposed to visit them in the box. Music is considered a spiration and sink slowly and steadily in the great source of consolation for loss by death, expiration. and one which mourners should not be de.­ nied. They are not supposed, however, to v share in the social life of the city in any way Breathe as in Number four. Hold while during the mourning period; hence this ar.­ counting one. Place lips well forward and rangement, by which special boxes for mourners are supplied. sing H oo.-oh.-ah" slowly and connectedly, tak.­ James J. Walsh Ph.D. in "The Franciscan" ing great care to make no break in the tone in passing from vowel, to vowel. E. H. LEMARE, NOTED COMPOSER~ ORGANIST, DEAD The main H don'ts" to attend these first Edwin H. Lemare, composer of world re"" breathing exercises are, nown, official organist at the Panama,.,Pacific Don't breathe noisily. International Exposition at San Francisco in Don't snatch the breath, or jerk in taking 1915 and city organist for years, passed the breath. away at Los Angeles, Cal., late in Septem,., ber. He superintended the building of the Be careful that the speed of the inspiration great Austin organ in the Exposition Audi.­ does not upset control of the expiration. This torium, San Francisco. must be slow and smooth. His fame as an organist was equalled by that of a composer and more than 200 pub.­ After the foregoing exercises are mastered, lished works are to his credit. Best known repeat them breathing quickly through the of these is the Andantino in D Flat, from nose and out slowly through the mouth. which Moonlight and Roses was adapted. In the succeeding article I hope to give ex.­ BRAGERS AT UNION CITY, N. ercises to be practised with arm movements, J. Mr. Achille Bragers of the Pius X School, which not only will strengthen the breathing New York, has been engaged as the organ.­ muscles but also the chest walls. Also they ist at the Passionist Monastery in Union are exercises which choristers will particu.­ City, N. J. larly enjoy. Mr. Bragers, one of the foremost liturgical organists of the country has been engaged by l\1cLaughlin & Reilly Co., to bring out a new (To be Continued.) series of Gregorian Chant publications, ac­ cording to latest SoIesmes theories. SAINT CAECILIA From far away God let you hear Angelic music full and clear. And, oh, how you were troubled when y O~t sought to give it to the ears of men. No instrument there was at all That could those melodies recall. Then in your groping, Heaven itself, they say, Out of your plight showed you the way. To you was given to design The organ, instrument divine. This noble tool was wrought out with your aid. Then angels brought you roses when you played. -ETHEL KING. THE CAECILIA 19

ABOUT SWEELINCK By HERBERT ANTCLIFFE

How one composer of talent becomes a scriptions, is sufficient to make the work a household nanle among all music lovers while classic. And, incidentally, it may because of another of equal talent is almost forgotten ex... this chapter be considered a pioneer work in cept among historians is one of the mysteries musical history. l-Iow often does the histor... of life which will probably never be solved. ian of music take the trouble to discover the Still more is it a mystery how a single work exact circumstances, politicaL sociaL religi.­ will attain a \vide popularity while other ous, etc., of the period which he is writing works by the same composer which contain and which were largely responsible for the all the e1ements usually regarded as condu... conception of the works? After forty years cive to popularity are ignored. Jan Pieter... of reading musical history I can say that zoon Sweelinck affords in himself a striking proportionately the number of times this is case of both of these. For years, even done is terribly small, while even those who when the study of his period was revived af... have done so have seldom set out effectively ter the neglect of the nineteenth century, he the results of such study. Another chapter remained unknown and the little that was deals with "The practice of organ playing written about him was ilI...informed and and the position of the organist round about sometimes misinformed. A fine exception to 1600" which adds to the historical value of this was the study of Prof. Max Seiffert the work as does that also on HThe instru... which started forty...two years ago as the ments for which Sweelinck wrote." A little subject of doctoral thesis and has continued more than half the work is devoted to careful up to the present time. as also the shorter and well-informed analyses of the thirty...two one by Reginald Poole in Grove. There complete and four incomplete volumes of in... are. however. certain difficulties about such strumental works which the composer left. a study.being taken up by someone not resi... In these one finds useful and interesting mat... dent in the country where the composer him... ter as to the origin of his themes, gregorian, self spent all his lifetime so that B. van der choral, folksong of Holland, England and Sigtenhorst Meyer's new work on Jan. P. other countries, Sweelinck's anticipation of Sweelinck en zijn instrument1ale muziek is Handel, Bach and others, and a complete particularly welcome. Sigenhorst Meyer is statement of the relations between the tonal... himself an Amsterdammer. as was Sweelinck. ity and modality of the works. and is an enthusiastic student of all that per... Some of Sigenhorsfs strictures on the peo... tains to Dutch music. He has edited anum... pIe of his own land who have allowed the ber of the instrumental works of Sweelinck, manuscripts of Sweelinck to be distributed in such a way as to retain their character in the world over without retaining any for its purity and yet make them available for their own use and for the honour of their modern pianists and organists. For the pur... great countryman might be applied to other poses of his book he has searched every avail... peoples, though possibly Holland and Swee... able source both in Holland and abroad and linck form an extreme case of neglect and while availing himself of the work of his pre... forgetfulness. The only regret one has in decessors, which he acknowledges gratefuIly reading this book is that it is written in a in his Preface, the work as a whole is a mon... language read by comparatively few people, ument of individual and original study and so that it is to be hoped that before long the research. The third chapter alone, on "Swee... publisher will arrange for editions in one or linck's Time," which is a remarkable study more of the world languages. is a model told in language that is a delight to the lover It of Dutch literature as well as to the historian biography which should be read by every and the amateur who likes historical de... musician and student of musical history. 20 THE CAECILIA

RHYTHM IN EDUCATION * JUSTINE B. WARD

HIn the beginning was rhythm," So Hans disorders are at once the cause and effect.H von Bulow informs us, If it was so in the be,.. To remedy this he insists on the necessity of ginning, what a pity it didn't last until our teaching children to give expression to rhy... times! Perhaps it has in Holland? For each thm by harmonious movements of the body. one of you rhythm is an interior necessity? . Is physical action necessary for the forma... The children have an instinctive sense of tIon o.f the rhythmic sense? According to my rhythm from the cradle? If that be so, how experIence: yes. Not for those rare pupils fortunate you arel who have a natural rhythmiC sense, but for Elsewhere I have found an astonishing ab,.. the great majority who have not; and I do sense of the rhythmic sense, not only in the not believe the latter can emulate the more children hut in their teachers, fortunate minority without the aid of the At first I used to believe that the recogni,.. muscles. tion of intervals was the principal problem in HRhythm," explains Dumesnil, H exists in the musical formation of children. Of course each of us in the form of a I prenotion' in I admitted a practice in Hbeating time" well, the subconscious mind," If this be true for the sake of precision and exactitude; such (though I do not care to affirm it), it becomes I thought was the path that led to the forma... our task to make this unconscious Hpreno... tion of a truly musical soul. What an error! tion" a real and fruitful force in our con... I imagined that rhythm already played its scious lives, especially if we believe with PIa... part in the make...up of each little soul. Noth... to that Hthe lack of rhythm is the sign of a ing could be more false! In the classes I have misshapen heart and sout" I almost begin visited in Italy and America, I have discov... to believe him. ered it to be an indubitable fact that there Now, if we wish to make this thing hidden are a greater number of children insensible to away in our subconscious a means of culti... rhythm than there are who cannot take in... vating beauty and order in our interior tervals correctly. Melodic perception is less movements, we must exercise it through the rare than the perception of rhythm. muscles, by means of large, graceful gestures Why? I cannot say. I simply affirm a that express the rhythmic facts themselves. fact-a fact that I have recognized with re... These exercises must be ordered-from the gret, and which has caused me to set about simple to the complex, first without 'music, remolding my books for schools and, by and then with music. Thus we shall form a teaching through rhythmic movement and true sense of rhythm, which, though latent gesture, to awaken in the little ones this dor,.. in us, does not function. When this is once mant rhythmic sense, acquired, and rhythm has become Han in... Today I u'nderstand what Plato meant terior necessity," then we can abandon its when he said that rhythmic gymnastics in exterior expression; but not before. correlation with music should be taught from "He who mingles music with gymnastics earliest childhood-and should continue all in the fairest proportions," continues Plato, through life. I do not ask as much as Plato, 4'and best tempers them to the soul, may be but I would like to see exercises in motion rightly called the true musician." combined with music begin at the age of five It is indeed a striking idea that rhythmic and continue at least to the age of ten to movement of the body may affect the soul! eleven years, By then a sense of rhythm But how? Plato insists that Hwe must not, should be formed, or it never "Yill be. like common athletes, use exercise and regi... The absence of this sense in children has men to develop the muscles, but to stimulate also been remarked by Dalcroze, who affirms the spirited element of one's nature. Neither that in his experience the majority of children are the two arts of music and gymnastics have no instinct for time, measure or even reaBy designed as is often supposed, the one equilibrium. HThis absence of rhythm," he for the training of the soul, the other for the says, His almost a malady, of which nervous training of the body. Both have in view chiefly the training of the soul." *From "The Catholic Educational Review" What influence can rhythmic gymnastics THE CAECILIA 21 have on the mind? Listen! "The young it says the essential thing. We must have having formed a habit of order-even while movement. Immobility is death. And what playing-by the practice of rhythm, that is movement? habit once acquired will accompany all their (a) There are the movements of nature. actions ,and will become for them a principle tt The sweep of the waves, and the swaying of of growth. On the contrary, he who is branches, etc. Movements more or less rhy,.. without rhythm will fall into the worst of dis... thmic, yet movements. orders of taste and even of morals. But let us distinguish. It is not every rhy... (b) Mechanical movements: trains, auto,.. mobiles and aeroplanes. These are more thm, nor every movement that will form the turbulent, these man...made rhythms. soul to beauty and truth. It is not to be as,.. sumed that all those who dance the jazz from (c) Then there are the movements of their early youth acquire a habit of order. man himself: when he walks, dances or No! On the contrary, such a subversion of swims. the normal, with its constant syncopations (d) And finally there are interior move,.. and distortions of the natural, deforms rath,.. ments: the beating of the heart, respiration, er than forms. Aristotle sounds a warning etc. note. "Among the rhythms," he says, H some These are movements. Now what do we calm, but others agitate the soul!" (Did he mean by the ordering of movements? foresee the jazz of our days?) In the world of ideas: order is Logic. I would beg you, then, not to neglect this In the world of manners: order is Morality. great educative force; for, if we leave the In the world of created phenomena: order children without guidance and direction is known as the "Laws of Nature." amid the contrary influences that surround In the world of motion: order is the dance. them, they will not follow that pathway of Lastly, in the world of sounds: order is rhythmic "order" and "measure" that devel,.. rhythm. ops the mind and the soul so healthily. Ra,.. So all is movement; it is the law of life. ther is it to be feared that they will be led But, if that movement is to be healthy and aside by those rhythms that disturb the calm true, it must be balanced, and subject to of the soul and foster a disordered habit of a designed order. Disordered ideas and un... life. rhythmed thought only lead us to folly, while First let us take cognizance of what rhy,.. unregulated morals lead us to prison. thm is. For the great thinkers of antiquity it occupied a privileged place. In our days, Irregular movements in man indicate here and there, trtere are signs of a reawak... either illness or intemperance. The healthy ened interest, but for centuries artist and sa,.. man walks rhythmically: it is the lame man vant (especially the philosopher) have en,.. who limps, and the sufferer from locomotor tirely ignored the question. Rhythm was a 'ataxia who cannot keep his balance. A dead letter. In 1738 Mattheson recognized sound heart beats rhythmically and when it the importance of rhythm, but its theory doesn't it is time to see a doctor. seemed to him to be but H a confused science:' It is the same with music. Sound follows This is not to be wondered at when we con,.. sound: that is motion. This succession of sider the period in which he lived. It is only sounds may be without order, timid, irregu­ since 1880 that any serious research work lar and uncertain, producing an impression has been done by Westphall, Matthis Lussy, of incoherence, of distortion. To be whole... Combarieu, Riemann and lastly Dom Moc,.. some, music must conform to the rules of quereau-to name but a few. . proportion and balance; in a word, it must We must now agree upon a deflnition of be rhythmic. what rhythm is, or at least have some clear I believe that we all agree that the intro... idea of what it is before we can express it in duction into education of rhythm, in the wid... physical motion. Here are some broad de,.. est sense of the word, would not be without finitions given us by ancient and modern proflt. It remains to be seen by what means thinkers. The choice is free! this can be done. "Rhythm is order and proportion in space Permit me a momentary digression that I and time" (Vincent d'Indy). may recall to your memories the practical "Rhythm is the regulation of the periodic experiments that scientists have made to return of the f cadence'" (Gevaert). prove the influence of rhythm in physical ef... URhythm is ordered movement" (Plato). fort. For my part I find Plato's definition clear; (Continued on Page 62) 22 T,HE CAECILIA

OUR MUSIC THIS MONTH

VESPERTINAL ACCOMPANIMENT In the December 1934 CAECILIA, Dom Adelard Bouvilliers, O.S.B., made reference to the HAccompaniment of VespertinaI Psalmody" by Brother Raymondien, E.C. He praised it as practical work, and by far the best that had come to his attention during a lifetime of music study. The complete work may be obtained from the author, at St. Joseph's Normal School, Ste. Fay Est, Canada, P. Q. ($2 postpaid). The examples quoted are herewith appended. For a complete analysis of these examples consult pages 509, 510, and 511 of the December CAECILIA. These extracts should have appeared in the music section last month of course, but lack of adequate space, and characteristic journalistic inefficiency on our part, prevented. Ash Wednesday falls on March 6th, this year, so choirs will have a rea... sonable length of time at their disposal for the rehearsing of Lenten, Palm Sun... day, and Easter music. It is wise obviously, to begin preparations at once, for the many special Lenten services, for Holy Week, Tenebrae, Holy Saturday, Palm Sunday and Easter. o VOS OMNES This month we offer a selection of new and representative pieces, the first of which is the classic 0 vas OMNES by Vittoria. The composer, is some... times called the Spanish Palestrina. His motets for Lent are in use the world

over, being as a rule, easier and more appealing to H moderns" than much of Palestrina's music. For general use, on the Sundays of Lent, or for Good Friday, no better music exists than this composition. o CRUX AVE A new composition by a writer new in our columns is offered by the pres... ence of the CRUX AVE, by O. P. Endres. Compositions from the pen of this writer, are found in the catalogs of such houses as Schirmer, Summy, P:resser, and Willis. Previous publications have been for Piano, or Violin, or both, with the exception of some Christmas Carols, and a Contralto solo. From a family of musicians, the composer, graduated from Wisconsin School of Music, and received a "cum Laude" at the American Conservatory, in Chicago. Fur... ther studies were made at the Juilliard School in New York, and under famous masters in the instrumental fleld. As would be expected therefore, this music presented this month has technical perfection making it worthy of church pro.... ,grams during the coming season. INGREDIENTE Father Finn's Paulist Choristers are known the world over, but before Father Finn came to New York, Easterners, knew of the fine Paulist Choir in that city directed by the late Edmund G. Hurley. We present a piece for :Palm Sunday, as sung by this choir, years ago, and composed by the late Mr. ,Hurley. This piece has color'and form, befitting the text which it conveys,­ lNGREDIENTE DOMINO. NEW HYMNS Sister Cherubim has written a flne series of hymns, for various occassions, the first two of which we present in this issue. More of this type will be forth... coming, exemplifying the kind of material being used in many of the Parochial schools of Milwaukee, to the children in the grades. A complete folder of mu.... sic for SSA, for Lent, and another for Palm Sunday is soon to appear from the press, compiled by this composer which we believe will become standard for use in Colleges and Communities, extracts will be seen in subsequent issues of CAECILIA. (Continued on Page 54) 23 Accompaniment. of Vespertine Psalmody

Examples wIth varied metaoolas on Dominant A, I designates the melodic accents II designates the accents of sub--divisions Bro.RAYMONDIEN;E.C. III designates the metanoZa 1904-1934

Ex.a.mIlle 1.

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~ 90 pyright MCMXXXV by Fre;reRa;ymondiel1,-E.C. ~ll rights reserved Made ·in .U:S. A~ 24 An Example -of a type of Falso- Bordone jn G.regorian, having but one accent. (For three equal voices) Br.o.RAYMO~DIEN,E.C. ])u YIIIc 1934 + I

, Miserere me - et exau:di orat.ionem me am.

II

Ql1i statts in domo noroi - -ni multipli .... cati

III

Two Examples of Vesperal Psalmody taken from the accompaniments of Rev. Brother Raymondien, E.C.(1.904), examples for the aceompaniment' of small choirs. The dominant is A.Protus - 1st Mode. Protus. Authentic, 1st Psalmodic Tone. Phrygian Mode-Ethieal Final- Phrygian Tone.

IIIrd Mode - Deuterus Authentic,IIIrd Psalmodic Tone Dorian Mode, Transposed Final, Phry'gianTone lowered 1 2 tone.

Copyright MCMXXXV by Frere Raymondien,E.C. . ,All rights reserved Made in U.S.A. 25 avos OMNES .Ludovico Tomnlas.o da Vittoria (1~40 -1605) Arranged by James A. Reilly p , =====--

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' ----= ..... v ------_....._---- -~ v v I'll I'll ---- U -- ~... , - c;,; .... -j -~- 4_____.___.. ", - do-lor me - - us si - cut do-lor.- TIle - ./ us ~ rit. >~ pp ,~ I ~ ------.-- >- - I I':'.. ~ _e ...... -. _ 101 -1 ,~ '- v .-- I- ,....-.. ,.... .- W - .-I .r v II ... - . ,.. ,..- ,..- ,- -v v -- ~ - - - - ... - I - tJ r I I , - I I I~ me - - - us si - cut do-lor me - us pp -==rit. f"J ------_. :::--:::- .1":' "" ,.. >- --, - - " ...- ":J r .-- r--- I'.. .---- .I'll .- ./ V II "'" - - or . ) I -- - I I me - - - us si - cut do-Io~ me - us

::::>- f":\. ~ I \. .- ...... - .--- .- h - t - ..."'" - ,..., r .... r~ r. - -- - >.- - - -- ""'" ~r'- ~~ r I- l I- c..r r· I- ,r r- r----- j----~r rr ~ ~I pp , >- rit.:~ })J} ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~J I":\. t -= .f2. J 1 t J d_bN 1IlI_ ~ ~ r: J -..;~ 1· r~ .•...... - ...- ...- r"';J r- r- I' L.. ...-- ,., \./ '" ... ".. - I I I- ::::>-

M.& R.Co.. 828- 6 a IittIe more lively >~ sempref .1\ r I- j- - ,I":'. I I I' I I I lrl I I At - ten - di - te ------U ni- ver-si po - pu - Ii

f ~ l ' ! I semprcj - A-t­ ten - di -te u - ni-ver-si po - pu - Ii ::::>- 8C~ I":'. 11 I I •' '_ _' I f -~ '_. -_ n_ ...... - . I -( 1 1 I At - ten - di - te u - ni-ver-si po - pu .... Ii sempref j - .~ -~. - - ... . - -- ...... ,- -' At - ten di-te u ... ni-ver-si po pu - Ii

·~I a littlemorEi lively I I i...... -....., , "I I I II I t I

-_ __ '.01:: - r I Y 1 T r i.lF J.. 1> J~J8impre I' --- ~ ... :)J~ ..J ..J

Tempo I~

~ I I PP

r I r I et vi -', de - te do -

~ _, I PI' : 8f-=- ==- s.f

~ ~.~r-; et _ VII - de te do - 10 - rem me- um

~ 'I PI' I

""£ -r·., - 1_"'''' -.: - ... V I ' .... I r -r "'-- - et vi -: de --- te do - 10 - rem me pp ~§~ ::::>- ~ ~ ~ J'). I -======--- -~ ......

I 1 et vi - de te do - 10 ':'" rem me - urn __ ~ ~·I I Tempo .I~I I ~ - -.-.­ \ ;;';; ";):= :: ~ ,.....- ~.I.- I i _vI ' .~ '1'1 I -, r I PI' =====:::::t==- 8/ >- mf L.J .J. L.h Il~ J J J J: J ,J. L.M C:'=" ~ : I"'JI'V r.... - V I I

M.k R.Co. 828-6 .29

= ,-- ::>~ ~ ~~ f:~ :> :>~ I ~ _,_v" I -"'"I I_ - -:= -'''- ..- .- - ~ .... I", -- --- , ..... - V T I I I I I~- I ...... 10 - rem me - urn do - 10 - rem me - - - urn ~ , ::> ::> sJ_ --. , I I f f"':\. :~-h -v At = .A U" ~ r~ ~ ... - tJ --- ~ - '(;I ~Q do- 10 - rem me - urn do - 10 - rem me - - urn

~~.- .: :> ::> f":'., I f :::: " I I ::; --, r __~-...:--yo r...... - -= - -= -= ---- -=--, nr 1------tJ' - --- I I , 1 "-' I I urn do- 10 - rem me - urn do-Io - rem do-l0 - rem me - urn C1'8SC. ::> sf ..--.... f ::> .": I I':'. ~ -•. ,.-,-L.;: - ~ .....- .- ~ -.. r ...... v ,.. I- ...... v - I I D - do - 10 - rem do- 10 - rem me - urn ::> A I I 1.....--....1 I 1 I 1 I I~I >;- 1.,,-...... '-" I I I I":'. -~- ...... r .-I -= --.. _.-I ..... L...... ~ ..- ~ VI' ..... ,~~.~v~ ,,~~ -- - ..... - - - j - - - - 1- T I - I r I f-" I ~i r ~.j / ::> ::> 8f- ,t J."- ~.J. d ..t JJd j .J .J .J. n.J ,J t:\ ~ -~,.. j "7 •• II, ... -:1 r------, -..a' v ,- --- . ."- ...- .... --- -' 'I II T I

pp Cl'eSC I ::> .=--::==-

-. -_ -_.-I .-l ..... - ~ I I ~-'- -. - - Si__ est do - lar Sl -- mi,- pp I :::- _11 fll-"'" ,> .. I- V

.-I - 7f -~1t• -i" S\i est do lor S1 ----- mi pp cresco ::> I ~ I I >-.....--.... _::-=.=====- ~ rl. I- -= .~ I-.:J.;: .. 0Tt- • -;;: ---- = -.;;;: - ... ---:. -- IU II I I I j Si est do - lor si mi-lis si --- pp ...,. cresco ::>::- =- -. , _ V -- 7' -'17 ....- ) V Si est do - lor do lor si mi-

_~ r _',,' I I I - ...... -.I ....,.-;T '~' _ f"·~ j 7J" q_-=7·-.,· -·- r= pp r cresco I r r.::.::::=- J. ~lJ L.J J J .J--~ lj~ * -

M.&.: R.Co. 828- 6 pp PODO-/. :::> ---======-=- t1 , :::> - I I L I I ~ II...... = 1.0 ~ ...... I' .... .- t.J ---"-' --~------lis si - cu~ do-lor me- - us si - cut do-lor pp poco f-====.' ~ L C'I'e80. pooo ::> ::> v . .... =- " ...... ~ ~ - :.Jf '- ... .' U -6- ...... /1... + .... v~?J- .g. "-' lis s1 - cut do -lor me - - us si ,- cut poooj - -, pp c'Pesc. poco dim. ~ ,.--... L. ,::>...... -,.. - ~ L .... ~ ....- ...... - .- ...... ------.~ .- I 1 U ---~ I - - - rot-lis si - cut do-lor me - - us si - cut do-lor ..... p~oA = , ...... ------... - ) lis 81 - cut do -lor- t1 , ::> . >- III I I ~ ,- h~ ~ .- .~ v " h ------r; ~ ---r· -- - - ,t I I-- r r,-,rrr r :> r Tpoco ; ::::> .--::= - pp c'Peso. poco dim. r ,.--...~ t ~J71 J I...... ----.1 III ~. J .1 I r -:.l J J ..l .- ~,- ... --...- ~ ------, - /'-- ...... ,.------~

'l'itard molto : PPl' :::::> 1":*\ ,iI ~ ,. .- .- I• r~ - '- .. ,. --- ~ me us si - cut do-lor me - us.------ritard molta ~ ,------::> ppp ::> I":'. ~ Uf.... · =~~ ~ ~ · - C-' • ... • -8-.. _* · . .------do-lor me - us 8i - cut oo-lnr me ---- us. f ppp rita'Pa moUo I -= ,1":*\ ~ v .... -~ ::~~~ I. ~ .- ...... _ ....- · !It) , IIII I I ------, I · me us sf - cut do-lor me us. - - PPl' ::> riJ.!!:.rd molto "- n --- .-

.. . r~ , - •• II, ... -- .- ...... I --- · ... II ... ------: - I -- t I I me ussi - cut do-lor ,me - - - us. A L . >-

I I I I I

M... & R.Co.828-6 31. Cruxave,Benedicta Fo.r Three Equal Voices

Verses 1,2,4 and 5 O.P.ENDRES And~nt~no

ACCOMP. ad lib.,

a- ve be - ne -' dl - eta, Per te mors est de - vi - eta, In ,te pe- pen- dit ve-rumsce-ptrum Da-vid,Quod no-vus Rex por- ta - vit;Dum tu por- ta ... bas :>

-a - ve be - ne ­ ~i - eta, Pel" te mors est de - vi '-- eta, In te pe - pen-dit ve-rum seeptrum Da- vid,Quod no- vus Rex por - ta - vft; Dum tu par - ta-bas :::.:::==-- ' ::::::=::::::-- >- .-.. ------==

ritard . ppa tempo

I' us, Rex et Sal- va-tor me us. 2. Tu ar - bo-rum re ­ gi - na Sa- gem,A - mo-ris da-bas Ie gem.5.Dum Cr~- cis i - ni ­ mi - cos Vo := == '--­ De - us, Rex et Sal-va-tor me us. 2. Ar - bo-rum re - gf - na Re--- gem; A- ,rno-ris "da- bas Ie= gem. 5. Crn- cis i- tli - mi - eos

M.& R. Co. 880- 2 G()pyright MCMXXXVby McLaughlin & Reilly Co., Boston Made in U.S.A. in The Caeeilia (Jan.) , m/

In - tis me~' di ci - 'naPres- so- rum es Ie - :va - men, Et .tri -sti-unt. so­ ca- bis et a mi - cos 0 Je -su Fi -Ii De - i, Sis 0, - r.o, me - mor

Sa - Iu-tisme-di ei - na Pres- so - rum es Ie­ va- men, tri - stl-urn so ­ Vo - e~bis et a - mi- cos 0 Je- su Ft- Ii De - 'i, o - rO,me- mor

Primo tempo =------Ia men,Crux a - ve be - ne - di - eta, Per te mors est de - vi - eta, In me i, 0 ve-rum seep-trum Da - vid, Quod no - vus 'Rexpor - ta - vit,Dum - >.

Ia - men,Crux a - ve be- ne - di - eta, Per te mors est de ~ vi - eta, In me - ,i, 0 ve-rum seep-trum D a - vid, Quod no - vus ~ex por - ta - vit,Dum' >

M.&·&£:0. 830- 2 33 INGREDIENTE For Palm Sunday EDMUND G. IIURLE'Y Formerly·Paulist Church N.Y. City Re-entering Church

In - gre .. di - en - te Do - mi-'no in san-ctam ci - vi ta tern, J. J>.JJ:.~

He- brae- 0 .. rum llu .. e - ri r e- sur - r e .. cti - 0 .. nem vi taepro ~1 J,. i1 )))) .J.

CHORUS Cum ra mis

nun - ti - an tes, cum ra mis, p'at - rna rum, cum ~..b 1

ra mis pal - rna flo san .. , na cIa ma" bant in ex -

cum ra mis pal - rna I

eel cum ra - mis pal.. ma .. rum, cum ra ... mis pal .. ~.J ~..bl

'M.& R.Co. 831- 2 Copyright MCMXXXV by McLaughlin & Reilly Co., Boston Ma.de in U. S.A. ,j,n The Ca.eeilia (Ja.n.) rum,

rna - rum, Ho sis. Jr'~J

Cunt au - dis - set po- pu -, Ius quod Je - sus ve ni - ret Je - ro - 1 ·1 1

so ob vi - am

i, cum ra - mis pal - rna - rum, cum ra - mtspal ...

rum,

san - na cIa - ma-bant in ex .sis.

¥.&R.Co.831- 2 35 OMary, Heav'n's Delight (ForS.A. or S.A.B. with Organ) .Also forS. A.. T. B. by using organ accomp. for voic~parts - SISTER M. CHERUBIM,O.S.F. op.38"No. 1 " I I I I I I I I I <-, ,~ 'I~ _ --r-" ,lIP' ~ .. .-I .-I -- ..... '- .. .- - - r- J-- --, tV r-- - r r, i;,i.- r- r', t I I I I L 0 Ma - rY4 Heav n s de "" light, Thy love I would 're-quite, With 2. None ,e "" quaIs thy re "" nown; Thou art cre - a - tion's crown, So ' 3. 0 dear- est ~Ioth - er ,mine,When shall my soul be thine,With I ... ~. ..- ..- ,..- - 'I .. ,.. r- I...... -I .-I " - - - - ,- I ~ t I - 1 - ! -

fl I I I I I I I I {~,.,., .... 'I, ...... _. .- J J .r v , - .- -- .- .-I ~ - -- .~ - - - ;;-- .- - - j' - I- I I ~rgan (conl~cpfat1 r r F J r ,F i noL) "~ ,~- __ J I J J .J J J - .. II.. _ _ ... J d d I""'" ,,' ::;- 11'. . - -- .- - ,- I'l"'" - - - I I - , I I .- 1 r r i I-

turn ing. o ho - ly Moth - er low ly; Thou hast with vir - tue's yearn ing? In my last part - ing ~==t::==::t=:=~':------C'--t-+-L~··

~ ) , I .II J. ....I I I I I' .,. ...., -- ...... • ..,. v- 111 ..- .. - . .-I .. - - .-I ,. t) .i..J- ./ '" ------I r I I I ,- I r r~i r mine, Deep in my heart's poor shrine Reign thou for - ev - ere flow'r Be-decked thy vir - gin bow'r For One most ho - lye h~lur Take all I have as dow'r To thee re - turn - ing. .- ..- 'a~ 6.. •• .- .- ,.. .- J-" I• -.. II, J-" ..- r'~ • I. I "". ... ,.. ~ ./ V II - - - - - .-r. I I I -- I , --- I I - fJ I. .I ~ I I I I i J -J. ,J...... - r-. .r", " ,~ .- -- -. .- j ,... - .-I. - ~ - - ,- ...- - ,. - I - au I I...... J r I - I I u-[- r~i ~t r· .J .fd J' ..J J I I J ~ J~d I I ..... 'IIi. , d ::: -...... l"'"' .- J-" - .... ,. . , ... I""'" , - - - - ...... , I I I i - - - " I ''''''--I

1\:t&R.Co.-:8.~9 " ,Copyright MCMXXXV"by McLaughlin & Reilly Co., Boston Made inU. S.A. .in The Caecilia (Ian.) 36 Jesus, the very Thought of Thee (For ,S.A.or S.A.B. with Organ) Also for S. A.T. 'B.'by usingorganaeeomp. for voice pa.rts SISl'ER M.CHERUBIM,O.S.F. Op.S9,No.1

t., Je.. sus, the ve .. rytho'Ught of Thee,Withswept-ness fills my breast, But .2. .No voiceean sing~ no t,h0ught ean frame,Nor can the mem'!ry find A ,3.. O. Hope of ev .. 'ry ~on-trif,e heart, 0 Joy of all the m~.ek, To .4•. Je .. sus, our o~~y joy b'e Thou, As Thou our prize wilt be, In .5. To Fa .. ther, Son,an:d Ho .. ly Ghost,' To God Who"m we a .. dore, Be . r:-..

r' sweet .. er far Thy Face to see And in Thy pre .. sence rest. sweet .. er sound than Je .. SlIS' Name,The ·Sav" ior of man .. kind. those who feel how kind Thou art, How good to those who seek! Tbee be all our glo .. ry now And t hroughe .. ter" ni ty. glo .. ry as it was, is now,. And shall be ev .. er more.

~&R.Co. 829 Copyright MCMXXXV by McLaughlin & Reilly Co., Boston Made in U. S. A. in The Caeeilia (Jan.) FESTIVE MASS 87 I. for Soprano and Alto - II. for S..A.and Bass III. for S.A.Tenor and Bass with Organ Kyrie INTRODUCTION ad lib. Poco adagio --

.J. j---r--

r· SOPRANO p

~ Ky ri - e, e - lei son. Ky 1'1 -

~. e - Ie i-son,e Ie- i - .son.

Ky ri- e, e-Iei - son, e-Ie i-son. BASS ad lib...... -r-----

a tt1llPO '1---w--"'-i'1r-4---+-~'5~~~~~~§~~EE~~~gE;E

-r--- J r This is .an arrangement. of my Op.6 (Mjssa in h. SS. Cordis Jesu). It can be rendered effectively by Sopra.­ no and Alto ~lone,as wel~ as a three- or four part chorus'; in thelatter case the Tenor must observe exact­ ly its special expression marks. (L. BJ M.& R.Co. 780- 29 Copyright MCM'XXXIV 'by Me La.ughlin & Reilly Co., Boston Made in U.S.A,. pp

e - lei-son,Ky ri - e, e" let;. son, e lei- SOIl.

lei - ·Sg-D.

SOD.' PI'

J.

~ Chris te, e.-lei-soD e - Iel .- son.. ~ .

. .:::::::~~ te, e .. lei-son,e .;. Ie' ": dole.e

Chris - te, e- lei-son. .mf mp.~ =---

Chris te,' e -lei-son. .:---~~

--=====-- pI":',

t~, e - lei-son, Chris-te, e - lei-son, e .. Ie - - son. es rtst. == Pf':\ .

C~ e - lei-son, e - I~ 1 - son. Ilifjl~~~~~~l~IJ~~~m~~i~·~~P~"~,~_!~Lo-~lC~r.~~ te, Chris' te, e - lei son. :::::::=....- I":'.

\:"I' - PiiI mosso 39,

~ ri e, e - Ie - ' i son. Ky ri-e, e - lei

ri - e, e - lei son. r i - e~,=-_e_'-_ Ie - i -

e, e - Ie - son. Ky ri- c, e Ie - i- ::>

- .­ I - .- .. .- - ,- t.J - -I I r. t Ii f son. Ky ri e, e - lei-son. Ky rl e, e - I' , //(.,...... -I rrnv & ...... -- -- _. u T1 ~ "-" 41 • ;t son. Ky - ri - e, e lei - son. ri - Ii I I . .. "1 I - - " son. e .lei - son. Ky ri ­ mf, l >- ~.._...... --#,.-4'.h::.-+'---I~IIJ--~=~-----"------+-S4~---=------+---'--=------+""".a:p--+--'----tr--+--+--·y·_+,...----'--;_~-I-~-I ) son. Ky - ri e, e - lei - • Piu lento~ " . I .j n I 'I~"""""---I.~~ 'r-1~1 '1..... I l_ I ,. '. ...-I/'.. _ ~., -- - _ I .------~~; 1:1. ::.- _ ~: ;:. ~ -- '-.: ,... - r

,'~------"'K-_-t-I_~ ..L.---"-- ---=-=--__-'---+- -.L------.j--=-.______.--r.....-----''-----.L---t---t-i-r-'-+t-~

~ - I p ---- ~. ~ ------'-:--t---....;;.------L------_--'----~ -- - I I lei - son. Ky - ri - e, Ie - Ie - son. _ p ---.----- ) h'.A ...... ~.,rrf+.,t-'v'------+-----fI<:-~':-+-+"...---'...p..,..-,--t-+-:.:ta-.--=H.-++--f<:-,-t-'''''-''------'t----~-.-:.t--+---::t-_--+--+.-+---_it U 7!t ....~-- --,,, T J -6-: .--~ • 4- u e, f Ky - ri,: e, e - Ie ------i - son. fj I ::> ml' = P ::-:--- ~~===~=~=t~-~==_===f.=::=t:t,====:r::::=lCr-=t"""-:-t:::t::~·~t==r.=====t-:::==-~t=:n::======I:::J:l[:=:::::tII • 1t1----t------t-_LL -~- r I . , 1 . e, e - lei - son. Ky - r l - e, e .:; el - son, e - e1 - son. .,. I =-- P --:----. ' -...... 'r~ .,. 'I 1'0 .-,,- •• r- ) ~on, Ie - Ie - i-son, e - Ie - i - son:_-_~(---_ ~. I ~I <-7-I.----_l~-..-I-:-I-----..;I---1--~-I----.. ,----~------.....

- I I - M'.&R..Co. 780- 29 40

SACRED .MUS"IC· BY Melchiorre Mauro-Cottone (MUS. DOC.)

\.

604 N'inna Nanna (Nato Nobis Salvatore) '(Ohrz·stmas) (Sleep, ° Child Divine) Solo, High Voice .50 605 Ninna Nanna (Nato'Nobis Salvatore) Quintett S.S.A.T.B. .15 (Sleep, 0 Child Divine)

684 Ninna Nanna (Nato Nobis Salvat'Qre) Three Equal Voices ,i~ (Sleep,O Child Divine)

685 NinnaNanna (Nato Nobis Salvatore) Two Voices .i5 ,; (Sleep,O 'Child Divine) ~ ~ ~ 686 Ninna Nanna (Nato Nobis Salvatore) S.A.T.B. .i5 ~~ (Sleep,° Child Divine) 553 Christus Resurrexit (Easter) T.T.B.B~ .i5 616 Christus Resurr'exit S.A.T.B. .i5 683 ~Ave Thliee Equal Voices ~ Maria m .12 Adoramus Te Three Equal Voices 759 ,Melodiae SacI'ae (C ollection of Latin ~wtets) Unison .50 Sac~ae 7,60 Melodiae /- Two Voices .50

761 MeIodia'e g:ac'rae ..-." . ' Thl"ee Voices i.OO 762 Melodiae Saerae . Four Voices i.25

765 ,Ave Maria· (II) ~ T.T.B.B. .i5

816 .Jesus Christus (Christmas) , . S.A.T.B. .i5 817 .Puerl Hebraeorum (Palm'S-unday) . Three Equal Voioes .f!)

PUBLISHED BY McLAUGH'LIN & REILLY COMPANY iOO BOYLSTON STREET, BOSTON,MASS.

Made in U. S.A. .L.....------:------_...,.",.,.~<><>~!-..O.-..~------..---"------1 4t

__-_--'-_~ ~IM>~<>-<>~~------.

SACRED MUSIC

BY Sister M. RAFAEL B.Y. M.' MUNDELEI:N COLLEGE

78.3 Mass'in honor of Christ the King .60 < For Unison .Chorus and S. S. A. ; ¥ 772 Hymn to Christ t'he King S.S.A. ,it) 1§ ~ (Praise be to Thee)

773 Hymn of "The Little :Flower" S. S. A. .i2 (0 How I Love Thee Jesus)

774 0 Light of the World, S.S.A. " .12 (Christrnas) Piano aooompaniment

775 Benedicta es Tu, 0 Virgo Maria S.S.A. .i2

PUBLISHED BY McLAUGHLIN &REILLY COMPANY iOO BOYLSTON STREET,BOSTON, MASS.

Ma,de in U.S.A. 42,

SACRED MUSIC BY SISTER MARY CHERUBIMO.S.F. MILWAUlCEE,WIS.

;'

518 Mass in honor of- St. Alfons.. · S.S.A..35

633 Mass in honor pf st Alfons ~ . S.A.T. B. .60 Gregorian Chant and, Figured.Mnsic in alternate phrases 764 Salutationes Divinae . S.S.A. .40 Collection of Benediction Music: 0 Salutaris, Tantum Ergo, Jesu Dulcis 'Memoria, Adoro Te" Divine Praises,Adoremus, etc.. 7i6 Exulta Filia Sion For Christmas 826 Ye .Children Come Hither F;or Christmas 2, 3~ or 4 Voices .12 .Parap'hrase on a Traditional. Melody Adoro Te " " S. S.A. "2 827 .'Ad"' •A t From Salutationes Divinae 's A. .-.L, ~ oremus In e ernum S. ..tL 4 4

BOSTON, MASS. McLAUGHLIN & REILLY COMPANY 100 BOYLSTON 'STREET

Made in U. S.A.

'----..- ....~...... l~.....------.--·- THE CAECILIA 43 Music Appreciation By SISTER MARY CHERUBIM, O.S.F. Directress of Music, St. Joseph Convent, Milwaukee, Wis.

"The object of music is to strengthen and ennoble the soul." .-LUIS DE MORALES Music. I yield to thee. As swimmer to the sea, I give my spirit to the Hood of song; Bear me upon thy breast [n rapture and at rest. Bathe me in pure delight and make me strong. From strife and struggle bring release, And draw the waves of passion into tides of peace. --HENRY VAN DYKE

MUSIC APPRECIATION IN GRADE dancer. The ballet entitled "Les Amants SEVEN Magnifique" was composed jointly by Louis XIV and Moliere, a French dramatist. It is LESSON THREE said of King Louis that in this ballet he took THE MODERN BALLET part as author, ballet master, dancer, singer, The modern ballet (bal.... lay) is a story told mimic, and solo performer on the guitar. through dancing and pantomime or acting. From the beginning of the development of The instructor of a ballet it called ballet", the ballet entertainments until nearly the end master, a female dancer a ballerina, a male of the seventeenth century it was not easy to ballet dancer a ballerino, and an entire group find female stage dancers. Neither maidens of ballet dancers the corps de ballet. Not nor ladies could be induced to dance on the many people have seen a ballet. To the ma.... stage, and hence boys and men had to. be jority, the name "ballet" suggests scantily chosen to represent the female characters of clad dancers performing gestures and stunts the ballet. However, by express desire of offensive to our moral feelings. This notion King Louis, ladies of the highest positions be.... is entirely wrong. The pantomime and the gan to appear as ballet.... dancers. Soon others dancing of the classical ballets are full of followed, so that professional female ballet.... nleaning and significance and do not involve dancers were no longer hard to find. gestures that are unseemly. Some of the During the seventeenth century ballets most beautiful and exalted music has been were for the first time inserted in an opera written for these ideal entertainments. or appended after the acts. The ballet originated in France and is con.... Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714.... 1787), sidered the parent of French opera. The the great reformer of French opera of his ,early ballets did not consist of dancing and day, wrote charming and sublime ballet mu.... ,acting only, but of vocal and instrumental sic for his operas. music as well; some also included spoken Gavotte, Slave's Dance, Tambourin, Cha... dialogue. At times as many as 700 persons conne,-balletmusic by Gluck for his opera took part in the performance. HArmide" is recorded on V.R. 7321. In the seventeenth century the term "bal.... The G'avotte from the opera HIphigenia in let" denoted in France a dance spectacle for Autis" by Gluck can be heard from V.R. stage presentation; no expense was consid.... 7321 *. When this opera was produced for ered too great, and no costume too gorgeous the first time the ballet.... master tried to per.... for these performances. Although the bal.... suade Gluck to introduce some of the less let found its way into other countries, no.... serious dances then popular at the French where was it held in such high favor as in courts. The composer, however, abiding by France. King Louis XIV (1643.... 1715) took his classical style, refused to do so. He de... great delight in this form of entertainment, clared that "Simplicity and truth are the sole .and often appeared in person as a ballet.... principles of the beautiful in art." 44 THE CAECILIA

Franz Schubert (1797... 1828) wrote inspir... tended for independent stage...presentation, ing Ballet Music to his opera HRosamunde". including mimetic action and much dancing. Though the opera itself was withdrawn af... Usually it does not involve singing and ter the second performance, its failure being speaking, but, nevertheless, has a more or ascribed to the weird libretto provided by the less definite program. It is, as stated above, eccentric Wilhelmina von Chezy, the beauti... a story told in dance and pantomime or act... ful ballet music written for use between the ing. ' acts of the opera is still being enjoyed by The class should remember the HNut... lovers of good music. Some of the dances cracker Suite" by the Russian composer, are recorded on V.R. 9307. Tschaikowsky, taken from the ballet telling In the early nineteenth century, with the a story of a girl who, having partaken too rise of "grand opera", the ballet became a plentifully of her Christmas goodies, has a separate entertainment inserted between the restless night, and dreams of the nutcracker, acts of an opera, without direct relation to one of her Christmas gifts turning into a the plot or actions of the opera. These hal... Prince of Fairyland., Have pupils relate lets were executed by a special corps of pro... what they remember of the story and music, fessional danc'ers. and, if time permits, review some of the num... Charles Gounod (goo...no) (1818... 1893), bers of the suite. (See "Music Appreciation the most popular composer of the early in Grade Four", Lesson Four, in The Cae... French school, wrote seven ballets for his fa ... cilia, November, 1932). mous opera, HFaust." In ·this ballet music Other famous ballets are: several noted women of history and mythol... The Coppelia Ballet by Clement Delibes, ogy are represented. The dances are now a French composer (1836... 1891). This is a often played as an orchestral suite. The merry and jovial story of life in a small numbers are: Austrian village. V.R. 6586. 1. Dance of the Nubi'ans. The characters The Sylvia Ballet by Delibes. This is a of this dance represent black slaves from Nu... grand ballet in three acts and five ,tableaux, bia, N. E. Africa. , based on a classical story. The scene is laid 2. Cleopatra and the Golden Cup. Cleo... in mythical times. It is a charming produc... patra was queen of Egypt (69...30 B. C.). tion, and has gained for the composer full 3. Dance Antique. Dance by Aspasia recognition of his superiority as ballet com... (470...410 B.C.), wife of Pericles, an Athen... poser. Two of the dances of this ballet are ian statesman and orator. recorded on V.R. 1166. 4. Dance of Cleopatra and her slaves. Dance of the Hours by Ponchielli, an 5. Dance of the Troj,an Maidens. Tro... Italian composer (1834... 1886). This ballet jans were inhabitants of an ancient city by music was written as part of his opera, ~~La the name of Troy in N. W. Asia. The myth... Gia'conda." The scene is laid in Venice. In ical founder of Troy was Trojan. Greek leg... the third act of the opera the Dance of the end relates that the ten...year Trojan War Hours is introduced as an entertainment for was caused by the carrying off of Helen, wife friends visiting at the Duke's Palace. It tells of the king of Sparta in Greece, by Paris, the the story of the struggle for supremacy be... son of the king of Troy. Helen was re... tween light and darkness. There are in all nowned as the most beautiful woman in the twenty four dancers. These represent the world. The war that resulted from her cap... twenty four hours of the day. They appear ture by Paris ended in the destruction of in four groups of six each. The group per... Troy. Helen is known in classic literature as sonifying Dawn is dressed in pink. That de... Helen of Troy. A character representing her picting Noon is clad in golden hues (yellow). appears in this ballet. The Twilight group is garbed in a delicate 6. Mirror Dance. This is one of the most purple, and the group impersonating Night familiar airs of the entire ballet music of the is costumed in black decorated with silver opera. stars. 7. Dance of Phyrne. Phryne was a beau... The appearance of the different groups is tiful woman who lived in Athens about 328 clearly defined in the music through changes B.C. of pitch and tempo. Each group has its own V.R. 9946 presents the first four numbers theme, and cleverly arranged lighting effects mentioned above, and V.R. 9647 offers the intensify the portrayal· of the continuous last three dances. struggle between darkness and light. The The more modern meaning of the term groups appear successively, thus: after a Uballet" signifies a pantomime with music, in... short introduction-Dawn, Noon (the com... THE CAECILIA 45 poser uses bells to strike the hour), Dawn, crowd that the actors are only straw figures. Twilight, Dawn, Night, and flnally a strug,.. Appeased by this assurance, the merrymak,.. gle in which all groups appear. ers disperse. But, as strange things do hap,.. This ballet is frequently used as an inde,.. pen in stories, the ghost of Petrouchka ap'" pendent concert number. Let the pupils hear pears and frightens the poor showman al,.. it, and have them note the persistent struggle most out of his wits. of Dawn for supremacy. Play "Dance of the This music is a brilliant tone-painting of a Hours",-V .R. 35533. carnival-a picture of a surging crowd, bois,.. Sleeping Beauty,-Ballet Suite, by the Rus,.. terous and merrymaking peasants, and sian composer, Peter Ilytch Tschaikowsky scampering noisy children-giving a vivid ( 1840,..1893). This suite was originally a bal.. impression of an old,..fashioned street fair let in three acts with a prologue. with its carrousels hurdy.. gurdy, dancing Tschaikowsky was very fond of the old bear, gypsy fortune,..tellers, masqueraders, French fairy tale telling of a princes who, af.. etc., etc. ter pricking her hand with the point of a The "Petrouchka Ballet" has been ar,.. spindle, fell into a deep sleep and did not ranged into a suite by Mr. Koussevitsky in awaken until after a hundred years. He collaboration with the composer himself, who thought the poetical subject should lend itself also wrote a special concert ending to this admirably to a musical setting, and went to suite. work with great enthusiasm. The ballet he Amid all the confusion of sound, and par,.. produced is considered one 'of the world's ticularly by the boisterous and crude gaiety masterpieces. Later he assembled the more of the especially composed ending of the favored and charming numbers of this ballet suite the tragedy of Petrouchka seems but a into a suite. passing incident of the fair. The chief im,.. Let the class relate the fascinating fairy pression created is that of the confusion of a tale of the Sleeping Beauty. (See "Fairy large noisy crowd of merrymakers. Tales" by Hamilton Wright Mabie, or For more detailed comments on the Pe.. Grimm's "Fairy Tales", or any other version trouchka Ballet, see the descriptions given in of the story.) The music of the suite is re,.. the booklet accompanying the special Pe~ corded on V.R. 6871 and 6872. trouchka Record Album. The entire suite in-­ The most brilliant and beautiful of the eludes three records. They are V.R. 6698, numbers of this Ballet Suite is the "Valse", 6999, and 7000. recorded on V.R. 6872. If school funds allow the purchase of only PetroU'chka Ballet, by the present,..day a few records for each lesson, then it is sug-­ Russian composer, Igor Strawinsky (1882.. gested that the HDance of the Hours" by ). This ballet has been performed in Ponchielli be selected, and, in order to give practically all the great music centers of the the children an idea of the music of the car.. world. It tells the story in pantomime and nival at which the Petrouchka Ballet takes dance of a Russian carnival at which a pup" place, V.R. 7000, presenting Part 5 of the pet show is one of the foremost attractions. ballet, be procured. The scene is laid in a large public square in LESSON FOUR Petersburg (now Leningrad); the time, one hundred years ago. RONDINO AND RONDO The principal characters of this puppet.. The musical form called rondo originated drama are a Ballerina, a beautiful dancing among the simple peasants of various coun~ girl; a Moor of a wild and impetuous nature; tries. In France the early form of the rondo and Petrouchka, an ugly, misshapen, but consisted of a song in stanzas with a dancing sensitive clown. refrain or chorus. The chorus was first sung; During the performance the puppets act as then anyone from the group of dancers if alive, endowed with human emotion. The would improvise a short solo, after which show reaches its climax when, in a struggle the chorus would be sung again; this would between the impetuous Moor and the clown, be followed by another solo improvised by a the former, with a vicious stroke of his different dancer; then again the chorus, alter-­ sword, kills Petrouchka. The crowd, ter,.. nating with new solos would follow, contin,.. rifled, and believing the puppets to be hu,.. uing in this manner until the group would de~ man beings, clamor for the showman with cide that the game was ended. threatening anger. The frightened stage di.. In England the early country folk played rector takes to flight; a policeman brings him a similar game, and called it "Round" or back and makes him explain to the excited HRoundel" . 46 THE CAECILIA

In Spain a like custom prevailed but the chorus was sung alternately with improvisa... tions on the guitar and solo singing. Later composers of all countries delighted to imitate this form in their instrumental mu... sic. Hence, the term "rondo" is applied to an instrumental composition having one princi... Announcing pal subject or theme alternating with con... trasting themes. The principal theme is u... sually a very decided melody of eight or six... THE GREGORIAN MANUAL teen measures. The themes alternating with the principal theme are entirely different to accompany from the latter in both melody and rhythm. Composers occasionally have the principal THE CATHOLIC MUSIC HOUR theme return in modified form, but it is al... ways easily recognized. A rondo begins and A basal series of music textbooks by ends with the principal theme. A rondino is a "little rondo", a shorter MOST REV. JOSEPH SCHREMBS composition of the same form. Fritz Kreisler arranged a rondino by using a short eight... Bishop ofCleveland measure theme from one of Beethoven's very early, and now quite forgotten compositions, as his principal subject. This theme is a very DOM GREGORY HOGLE, O. S. B. dainty and charming melody with a bewitch... Prior ofConception Ahby, Conception, Missouri ing, lilting rhythm. Though the contrasting themes were written by Kreisler, the old clas... SISTER ALICE MARIE, O. S. sic style has been well retained throughout u. the composition. Diocesan Supervisor of Music, Cleveland Play ··Rondino" (Beethoven...Kreisler) , V.R. 1386. The class will note the character This teacher's book ,- the first of its kind ,-offers a of the captivating little theme. Then repeat the delightful little rondo, and have the class complete, authentic teaching program of Chant and write the pattern while listening. modern music. Written primarily for the classroom (AB A CAD A) teacher in parochial schools it makes possible for the How is unity brought about in this ron... dino? (By the four appearances of the prin... average class artistic results that hitherto have been cipal theme.) attainable only by specially trained choirs. This How is variety created? (By the use of the contrasting themes, B C, and D.) Manual and five pupils' books (now available) What kind of mood is expressed in the fulfill the spirit of the Motu Proprio in that Chant and rondino? (A happy mood). modern music at last are presented in a practical, Composers often use the rondo form for compositions to which they give a different co..ordinated program, worked out by acknowledged title. experts, and placed within the reach of every school, W rite on the board the title of the dances every teacher, every organist, and all school boys given below. Play the music, and upon re... peated hearing, have the class write the pat... and girls. tern. They will note that the form in both in... stances is that of a rondo. Write our nearest office for circulars uGavotte" from UMignon" by C. L. A. andfurther information on the series. Thomas, V.R. 1361. Pattern: ABACACA Coda. uSpanish Dance No.1" by Moszkowski, SILVER, BURDETT AND COMPANY V.R. 20521 *. Pattern: AABA CAB A. New York Newark Boston Chicago San PraMisc, Play "Rondo (Finaler~ from "Trio No.3 in C Major" by Haydn. V.R. 22018. As this is a large rondo form, it will be sufficient' for (Continued on Page 47) THE CAECILIA 47 MAGNA CHARTA OF SCHOOL MUSIC By JOHN P. SULLIVANt Ph.D. Boston School Department HAmerica" was first sung in the Boston Boston Academy of Music was permitted to Public Schools. Boston can claim this honor experiment in the teaching of music in four

because the R.ev. Dr. S. F. Smitht the authort schools. Although no funds were allottedt

was a close friend of Mr. Lowell Mason t the Mr. Lowell Mason volunteered his services Music Supervisor of the Schools. While a to prove the value of this experiment. It may student at Andover, Dr. Smith was asked by be said that the Magna Charta of musical the Music Supervisor to translate some Ger... education in this country was the vote of the nlan songs for use in the classrooms. Boston School Committee, on Aug. 28, 1838, While working on this project, he was at... allowing vocal music to be taught by special tracted to a song by its patriotic and martial teachers at $120.00 per year at a speCified rhythm. Not waiting to translate the Ger... time of 2 hours in each school. Although man words and not knowing that the tune this step marks Boston as the first school sys... was "God Save the King" he started to com... tern to offiCially adopt music as a subject of pose a patriotic song to fit the air. This was instruction, however, there were simple

the beginning of our immortal "My Countryt songs and hymns in the early Puritan days. 'Tis of Thee." Dr. Smith laid aside the The following year Mr. Mason was ap'" rough draft and promptly forgot it. A short pointed superintendent of music in Boston. time later, however, Mr. Mason, in going He was well liked by the scholars and citi...

over some of the translations submittedt zens alike. His contemporaries called him happened upon the song. Giving it but pass... the HFather of Music in the United States." ing notice, he placed it in the collection to be Those lessons twice a week were looked published for Boston Schools. By a queer upon as recreation to these hard pressed stroke of fate this'one song has lasted, al... scholars. It was one of the highest honors though the author and publisher have been to be called upon to move the piano and get forgotten. The martial rhythm and patriotic the blackboard ready. During the lesson words impressed everyone. From the class... the master remained in the room to maintain rooms of Boston this song spread over. the discipline. Whether the master's enthusiasm nationt from school to school, home to home, to see that the pupils listened to the music and has been repeated in times of war and teacher, interfered with the lesson is not peace. known. But the change from the rigid pro... General Kossuth, once visited by a Boston gram and the kindness of Mr. Mason seemed friend, astonished him with a statement that to spur the scholars on. They never tired at he always remembered his visit to Boston be,., the continual repeating of any passage. In cause of the fine singing of the school chil,., fact on the day of the lesson the master often drent particularly "My Country, 'tis of wondered how many scholars could say that Thee." they had not thought of anything else. The school program of early 19th cen,., tury Boston was affected by the demands of a changing social order. Music was one of CATHOLIC CHURCH MUSIC the first subjects introduced which broke With us, Church Musiq is not merely away from the original rigid concept of a a side issue. Music is our sole specialty school curriculum. and our Catholic Department has been Toward the middle of the last century, the founded for the purpose of giving a highly specialized service in Catholic MUSIC APPRECIATION Church Music. (Continued from Page 46) Our latest complete catalogues will the class to note how often the principal be forwarded on request and all en... quirieswill receive immediate and care... theme appearst instead of marking the entire pattern. It appears five times; four times it ful attention. is played by the piano but its second ap,., J. & W. CHESTER, LTD. pearance is executed on the violin. The class 11 Great Marlborough Streett cannot fail to recognize its recurrences. (Records marked * have been previously Londont England used.) 48 THE CAECILIA

COM'MUNICATIONS This section is set apart as an open forum for discussion of controversial subjects. Communications hereafter should be limited to less than 1000 words. Full name and address must be given. Anonymous letters, or those signed by "Pen names" will not be printed. The editors assume no responsibility for the views expressed in this section.

To the Editor of Caecilia. GOOD WILL FROM ALL PARTS OF THE Sir: COUNTRY Unsolicited Endorsements Which Spur Us On 'To Mr. Angie is still content with assertions Again Increase The Amount of Material In The when scientific research demands proofs. 0 r 1935 CAECILIA any student of the polyphonic masters of the fifteenth and sixteenth century these facts "May this year bring a realization of all your hopes for a bigger and better magazine." emerge, which no scholar can ignore:....- S. of S.M.,.--..Beaverston, Ore. (1) Towards the end of the 16th century "Enclosed is a Postal Money Order to apply on my the tendency is for the composers to base bill for THE CAECILIA. a magazine that is worth its weight in gold to any and all organists and choir di.. their musical rhythm on the position of the rectors." word,..accents i.e. word accent and musical J. J. K.,.-Toledo. Ohio. "We are enjoying the monthly issues. more than ictus generally coincide. This is usual ever, and like especially the short organ selections." (though not by any means invariable) with Sr. M. de S,--Racine, Wise. "Congratulations on the notable improvements in Palestrina. your already excellent publication." (2) If we look at the music of a period W. G. L.,.-Windsor. Canada. "With best wishes for the continued success of this slightly earlier - say for instance that of worthy publication." Clemens non Papa (who may have been J. J. M.-New York, N. Y. "I am for the CAECILIA, and feel as though I t~e Palestrina's master) -we find tnat word... could not do without it. Good luck to you.tt accent is much more frequently "ignored" P. J. B.-New Albany, Ind. "Accept my renewal to the best magazine of its by the composer. kind in the world. I subscribe to all of them I think." (3) If we examine the music of the 15th P. E. A.,...... Chicago. Ill. "I enjoy the magazine, and hope to subscribe for a century (as we may do in a recent volume long time to come." Polyphonia Sacra which contains a miscel,.. M. A. E.,...... Madison, Wise. "All articles in the latest issue are very good, like... lany of 15th century polyphony) we find wise the music." that H no attention is paid by the composers L. S.--Hazleton, Pa. "Your musical magazine is second to none and I to the tonic accent:' This expression is would not be without it." quoted from the preface of Ch. van der Bor.­ Sr. C.--St. Paul, Minn. "I find it both interesting arid useful". ren who edited the volume in question. Rev. J. B.,...... Denver. Colo. The above facts are attested by all the "It has proved itself worth many times the price." best European students of medieval part... mu... M. E. C.,.-Liberty Center, O. "I like your magazine very much." sic. What do they prove? This: that the Rev. S. J. S.--Perham, Minn. tonic accent acquired the rhythmic impor,.. "Permit me to express my sincere appreciation of the magazine. I have enjoyed it thoroughly, and tance it now holds only gradually. Up to the through it have profited very much in my choir work.·' end of the 16th century it was gradually Srs. J & M.,...... Oakland. Cal. "Enclosed find Money Order for renewal of sub... taken more and more into account. The ear,.. scription to THE CAECILIA. a book which I enjoy lierwe go the less important it appears to very much:' G. H.,...... Chicago t Ill. have been. When we examine the Gregor,.. "I enjoy reading the CAECILIA and extend my ian melodies we find the same indifference as good wishes for its success through the coming years." Sr. C.--Nazareth, Kv. in the 15th century. This is not reading his,.. "May THE CAECILIA prosper and grow...is the tory backwards, but facing cold historical hearty wish of Sr. M. P.--Grand Rapids. Mich. fact. "I find myself in thorough sympathy with you in (Dom) A. Gregory Murray. your efforts." Downside Abbey, Nov. 23rd, 1934. M. L. W.~Minneapolis. THE CAECILIA 49

NEW MUSIC II NEW REQUIEM ABOUT TWO BOOKS OF THE HMELODIAE TO BE PUBLISHED SACRAE" SERIES PUBLISHED . Mr. Joseph A. Murphy, prominent member Books I and III of the collection of original of the Society of St. Gregory. has completed compositions by Melchiorre Mauro,...Cottone a new Requiem Mass, which adopts the are receiving splendid endorsements from Gregorian, and Psalm tones as a most prac,.., those who have ordered copies. The Uni,.., tical form for the singing of Requiem ser,... son Book at SOc and the Three Part Book at vices. 80c offer a collection of 12 Husablett motets A complete guide for Requiem services, for the price of a Mass. this edition also contains. directions for Pro,... Mauro,...Cottone's music is characterized cedure, Translation of the text, and other by dignity and perfection of form which information which should make this edition classes it among the works which are apt to a Hbiblett for all organists and singers serv,.., remain permanently popular in the years to ing at Requiem Masses. come. Mr. Murphy as a member of the faculty of the Pius X School is well qualitied to COLLECTION OF ORGAN MUSIC present this HGuide Book" and b'eginners in By Louis Raffy liturgical music will welcome its appearance. The various short pieces by Raffy which have been published during the last year and NEW MASS BY N. E. FOX a half in THE CAECILIA have been col,.., lected into one 80c book. and published. Another member of the St. Gregory So... There are few collections of this type priced ciety about to present his first published com,.., at less than a dollar. as Catholic organists position is Mr. Norbert E. Fox well known well know. organist at the Toledo, Ohio, Cathedral. Mr. Fox has taken the theme of the HVeni Sancte Spiritustt as the theme for his new Mass. CREDO FROM HMISSA PAROCHIALIS" and liturgically this work will be found most By Joseph J. McGrath satisfactory. Choirs doing the more serious The only Credo published in this country type of music will recognize in this work a to our knowledge, which alternates Gregor,.., style that is indicative of what modern com... ian and four part modern music. Best choirs posers can do to meet the problem of writing welcomed this work, as seen in last month's works for present day 'choirs and services. CAECILIA music section. and still remain within the limitations set down by the Motu Proprio with reference to music for the Mass. NEW MOTETS OF WORTH There is no Credo. in this Mass, the Greg... Ave Maria S.S.A. P. Piel No. 811 orian being indicated to encourage the use of Ave Maria S.A.T.B. P. Victor Eder. some Chant at all mass services. No. 812 Pueri Habraeorum (3 voices) M. Mauro,...Cottone. No. 817 NEW MASS BY RICHARD KEYS BIGGS Adoro Te S.S.A. Sr. M. Cherubim O.S.F. One of the most promising writers of Ave Maria S.A.T.B. Richard Keys Biggs. church music. whose works have appeared in No. 794 the recent issues of the CAECILIA is Rich,.., Cantate Domino. S.A.T.B. G. Pitoni. ard Keys Biggs. Mr. Biggs is considered to No. 795 be among the foremost organists of our day. Jubilate Deo T.T.B.B. J. Leo Barley. His music is at once practical and melodic. No. 777 Mr. Biggs new HMass of St. Ignatius is for The above motets include music for vari... chorus of boys and men or adult S.T.T.B. ous types of choirs. All are compositions of voices. merit. and worthy of any choir program. 50 THE CAECILIA

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LITURGICAL MUSIC AND ENGLAND * EDWARD A. MAGINTY. LEICESTER. ENGLAND UTSIDE the circle faintly drawn pers had become the "poor man's opera," the around the aristocracy of literature bishops were confronted with a harder task and art the philosophy of music is than th~ir colleagues in far-flung SaxondolU, _not popular, largely because musical writers where any kind of Latin evensong was only have the name of speaking a language "no just less rare than it is today. Practical folk fellow can understand." Discussed in the who speak the tongue of Newman are there~ -open forum, ritual music is not less repug~ fore not now concerned primarily with V es~ nant because the essayist is understood too pers or Compline. It is enough for the time well. Until recently Catholics in particular being that the substitute of "popular devo,.., ,displayed uncommon touchiness upon the tions." though musically feeble and without ,subject; and not without good reason. For, anything of the grip of the rite supplanted, is despite our boast of vigor in all things spir~ otherwise unimpeachable. In musical mat~ itual, we had to acknowledge a sickly condi~ ters it is primarily the mass (the Kyriale and tion in this; yet we were not disposed to the Proper, the mass with the small 'm') that thank anyone who spread the news abroad. matters. But now that the glow of health begins to At the dawn of the twentieth century lit~ tinge the pallid cheeks of our sacred choral~ urgical music in England was of the kind ism we are not at all so squeamish. Against prevailing in the rest of Europe, where the the hardy annual items on the debit side mysterious belief had taken root that, what, there is something to oppose on the credit ever the silent Mass might be, the Missa side of the ledger. What exactly we can cantata was a function offering legitimate pride ourselves upon few would find it easy scope for musical diversion, and·the art~form to define. Wherefore I propose to venture of the "mass" the divinely appointed instru,.., -upon an estimate of the level at the moment ment thereof. In the few more notable pub~ _reached, not, except incidentally, in countries lic churches with money to throwaway it ,of which I have only hearsay knowledge, but was taken as a matter of course that the in England, where I have been able to watch principal Sunday Mass should be aCCOnt.. the liturgical advance for over fifty years; panied by a gran bella musica from the brain secondly, to underline the factor which, to of Gounod, Cherubini, Weber, Schubert, me at least, explains why the indexAlgure is Haydn or Mozart. We had grown accus~ not more gratifying. If not too wide of the tomed to what Cardinal Manning called "a actual line attained it may afford some kind Sacrifice at one end and a concert at the of standard. first of all those most eager to other." In the far more numerous missions ,contest the claim alleged of English liturgists impressed with the brand of poverty small that the water,..,mark of Pian propriety at bodies of men and women volunteers man~ ,Home is as high above that of English,.., gled the trivial remains of KalIiwoda, De la :speaking regions overseas as the Continental Hache, Concone, Van Bree and Leonard is above their own. (who thought it no reproach to fit the final Twenty years have elapsed since the pass,.., cry for peace to a foxtrot). When artistic~ ing of Pope Pius X, whose short pontificate ally good, a performance of "Haydn No.1" was spent in intensive struggle to "restore all gave the enemy occasion to blaspheme; a things in Christ." A reform most near to weekly rendering of "Winter in C" which his heart was the rectification of the style and fell short of the Christmas concert was one mode of ecclesiastical music, which had fallen of the sad misfortunes the faithful had al~ into an apparently hopeless tangle. Except ways to be ready to endure. In either case in his own Venetian Province he was not it represented an abuse and a source of spared to knit up the ravelled sleave in its weakness; a distraction to those of the house~ -entirety, but it is no small tribute to his fame hold, and to the stranger within the gates an that only those now past their prime can re,.., obstacle through which only the most deter,.., member how pressing was the need of ener,.., mined, like Sir David Hunter Blair, could getic intervention when the saintly Pontiff is,.., hack their way. sued his Motu proprio on Church music in How such a state of things came into be,.., 1903. This decree took close account both ing would take too long to recount in detail. of morning and evening psalmody. In South~ ern Europe, in particular in Italy, where Ves~ *From "Orates Fratres" Nov. 3, 1934. 52 THE CAECILIA

A brief solution of the mystery is, however, upon the high schools from 1865. Pope Leo, necessary, for without a right appreciation XIII made the medieval c1antilena compulsory of the honest principle which, mistakenly In the seminaries. In England the pre,...Trac... pursued, first set and still keeps the anomaly tarian de Lisle (C) * introduced the plain... going, there is little hope of further advance. song at Garendon in 1833; Dr. Wiseman at Music was admitted into worship on two St. Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham, in 1841. grounds; primarily as a vehicle of prayer; a From 1850 Pugin (C), the famous architect, long way after as an expression of art. On and Dr. For'mby (C) endeavored through this secondary count music was justified' as the Press to do for the liturgy in England an embellishment of ceremonial, a stimulus what Felix Clement was doing in France. to devotion, a mode of instruction, a relief to Cardinal Manning (C) dismissed the woman tedium, a refinement of the natural man, an choralist from the Archdiocese of Westmin...· attraction to the ungodly and, lastly, since ster in 1873 and ostracised from his School tonal as well as pictorial or architectural at Kensington all nlusic but the Ratisbonne, beauty is inseparable from delight, an exhil,... James Britten (C), founder of the C. T. S.,. aration, a satisfaction, what perhaps St. threw himself into the Cecilian movement in Thomas meant by a mentis jubilatio+ Among the early eighties, while Fr. Richard Sankey other things, then, music was the wine to the (C), the first M. A. to graduate in music, feast, the sherry to the trifle. As the Church \vas making the London Spanish Embassy from. the beginning made provision in the Chapel conspicuous for Tudor polyphony. Proper for music above the common capa,... Dr. (now Cardinal) Bourne as a young curate city to produce, or music with H a thrill" in it, at Blackheath in 1886 himself taught a sur... the laity came to regard such provision as pliced choir to cantillate both Mass and Ves... their right. But art can open a door which, pers. In 1887 Canon Connelly at St. George's, unguarded permits the entry of much that Southwark, put a sudden stop to the kettle­ wars against the spirit. All went well to the drums of Meyer Lutz (but bitter odium pur,... Renaissance (1450), which tended gradually sued him to tpe end). Msgr. Parkinson, bar... to obliterate all sanctions but the last an~ rowing Dam Pothier's Melodies Gregori--­ under the plea of Optima Deo (the best al~n~ cnnes from Erdington Abbey, stamped the is good enough for God), to make music for Oscott divines with the culture of Solesmes its own sake or for the pleasure it gives pre,... from 1895. In the final decade, also, dioce,... dominant. By 1650 the center of gravity in san lists of authorized compositions made high places had shifted from the chancel to their first appearance. Lastly Cardinal the minstrels' gallery. Indeed, under a prince V aughan, failing to secure a Benedictine like Louis XIV or his brother,...in,...law, Charles community to interpret exclusive Gregorian It each of whom at times required a screen in 1900, promoted Dr. (now Sir Richard) against the cold draughts of piety, it could Terry (C) magister choralis at the Metro,... scarcely have been otherwise. This was not politan Cathedral, where (to the extreme dis,... all. Harmony in the sixteenth century was gust of all except the Anglican, the convert, written in that staid, contrapuntal style the the American visitor and the nondescript mu... Church still delights to honor; in the seven,... sician), Tallis, Byrd and Soriano were at teenth it retained much of its Palestrinian once enthroned. Nevertheless, the broad character; but once divorced from its spirit... stream of sacred song retained its pungent ual partner, prayer, it slipped easily down worldly tang. the secular slope till 1750, when, it became In his Motu pr.oprio Pope Pius covered frankly theatrical. To use a forcible figure: every corner of the liturgical field, but his trifle with a suspicion of sherry was now immediate anxiety was to distill the spirit of sherry with a suspicion of trifle. The point secularity which reeked in ritual choralism to be observed, however, is that in the liturg,... almost everywhere. Sufficient for the day ical economy C!Ppointed by the Church a mo... if the status quo ante 1700 could be recov... dicum of sherry, under certain strict condi... ered. "With all the force of a juridical codeH tions, has never been denied. That human the enactment therefore enjoined that steps nature unchecked should magnify the should be taken to this end forthwith. The worldly at the expense of the ghostly element means prescribed were the reinstatement of is only what one might expect. the Proper, the restoration of the Palestrinian Attempts were not wanting in the century style, or, where poverty forbade so exacting past to create a purer current. The Cecilien... an experiment, such modern harmony as the verein was set up in Germany in 1850. In Baltimore the claims of the chant were urged *(C) Convert TH E- CAE elL I A 53 authorities approved, but above all the prac,.. of chant; the effect of which has been that a tical study of the plainsong. Some will recall week,..day Mass is not infrequently chanted the sensation created among those who mis,.. by a juvenile congregation five thousand understood the document entirely (and they strong, and half a million adults have a were many; nothing to wonde~ at when more working knowledge of the Mass of the An", than half the laity misconceive· it still) by gels. From the Apostolic Constitution of the what appeared to be a summary order. so present Pontiff. liturgical music derived a to speak, to H go teetotal," to abjure the vin,.. further impetus in 1928. Next year a branch tage of Mozart for the Cecilian vin compris of the Society of St. Gregory was founded of Kaim or, worse for the "barbarous" Greg,.. on the lines already familiar in the States. orian chant. Nor have all forgotten how the The net result of the campaign so far is not secular Press attended Mass in force the fol,.. to be assessed in percentages, even were fig,.. lowing Sunday morning and, when nothing ures always available; but a finding based revolutionary happened, made exceeding upon observation and inquiry, though incom,.. merry over Catholics and their music and plete, is better than nothing. their devoted loyalty to Rome; though none In England and Wales there are over knew better than the Pope that the Roman 1,000 private Religious Institutes (monas,.. ritual policy could not be rebuilt in a day. teries, convents, seminaries, Homes, etc) A new generation is in possession, engaged which, like the eighteen cathedrals, must be like the last in clearing away the detritus of omitted from the investigation. In round the fifteenth century upheaval. After thirty numbers, the public churches and mission years of husbandry there is reason enough stations run to 2.200, the secondary schools to be mortified at the scanty harvest, but it to 600. About 1,800 of the former and 300 should hearten the laborer to know that the of the latter enjoy a weekly or occasional primary objective of the encyclical has on Missa cantiata. There is reason to believe the whole been crowned with success. that the Kyriale is sung 1. by the whole con,.. More than a cursory glance at the mea,.. gregation in six per cent of the parishes (and sures adopted space will not allow. Quiet, thirteen per cent of the schools); 2. by the insistent pressure was brought to bear upon choir alone. melodically, to,the chant in six,.. the fashionable West End choirs, to whose teen per cent (schools. twenty,..two) ; to example their poorer neighbors could not modern unison in nine per cent (schools, help reacting. The second decree of Pope twenty,..three); by the choir, harmonically, in Pius X (HOn Freqeunt Communion") had an the Mozartian (rather more commonly in unexpected influence upon the situation. the shorter, inferior, pseudo,..Viennese man,.. Crowds began almost at once to flock to the ner) in fourteen percent (schools, three); rails at the early Masses; and in proportion in the style of Palestrina (more frequently of to desert the Missa cantata. The choir, shorn Perosi, Haller, Ravanello, Turner or Honvin) of their pride of place, automatically damped in fifty,..five per cent (schools thirty..-nine). their musical temperature to a degree more Consequently, though here and there a con.. near the normal. The War shook the choral gregation is constrained from time to time to system to its base. The gallery was depleted bear with an excerpt from the forbidden cat,.. of men and even of women. What harmony alogues, Mass,..music cannot now he called survived became further subdued when con,.. theatrical. So far as I know this fortunate gregations, aching for peace, opened their consummation has had as yet no trumpeter; eyes at last to the incongruity of a Dona no", even only for the opportunity it affords of bis pacem set by Farmer to a rollicking al,.. turning the tables upon the secular Press it legro. The first dramatic move was made in should be emphasized in Printer's capitals 1916 when Msgr. Dunn, bishop of Notting,.. that the word of Pope Pius X has not been ham, requested the cathedral canons choral, completely void. who happened to be ladies, to ret1re and pro,.. Though a matter of rejoicing. this how.. hibited throughout his diocese any !

OUR MUSIC THIS MONTH (Continued from Page 22) KYRIE Having shown some material for Lent for Palm SundaYt and for general use, by various voices, we call the attention of our readers to Father Bonvin's setting of the traditional plea for Mercy,....,"Kyrie Eleison." This is from his new "Festive'Mass" a revision of one of the older compositions from Father's pen, and one of the most representativet and most praised works by this author. Speaking of this Mass our old friend Father Gruender S.J.t writes: "The invention is original, the development of the themes shows remarkable skilt in the use of polyphony, the organ part offers more than a simplet sub,., t stratum for the choir. The Kyrie strikes us as uncommonly beautifuf . Father Gruender goes on to describe other parts of the mass in glowing

terms calling particular attention to the HDomine Deus Rex", "Miserere" t "et Incarnatus" and "~t Resurrexit." In our own humble opinion we rate Father Bonvin's new mass, along with McGrath's HMissa Pontiflcalis" as one of the best modern American masses, in print. This work may be done by two part choirs, S.A.B. voices or S.A.T.B. THE CAECILIA 55

Question and Answer Box

Conducted Monthly by DOM GREGORY HUGLE, a.S.B., Prior, Conception Abbey, Conception, Mo. Send your Questions to Father Gregory, they will be t answered in this column without reference to your name. j

Copyright 1934 by McLaughlin & Reilly Co.

Questions submitted in November.. 19:34. such as recommended by the Fathers of the "lIVill you kindly inform me whether Council of Baltimore to the faithful at large. it is allowed or proper for a choir to There is a difference between the liturgical Vespers such as said daily by every Priest, sing in any foreign language (other than and the votive (devotional) Vespers recom.... Latin) during High Mass? (a) Is it mended to the faithful. Where there is ques.... at all permissible to sing solos in the tion of a liturgical choir that is bound to say vernacular during Mid-Night Mass and or chant Vespers everyday, there is no ob,.. during Christmastide?" (b) ligation of singing these anthems". A.-It is absolutely forbidden to sing in "The inspired psalms of the royal any language other than Latin during High singer were sung to the accompanirnent Mass. Latin is the liturgical language, and of musical instruments; how much all who follow the Latin Rite must use that should instruments be used in the Cath­ language. olic Liturgy?" B.-No, it is not permissible. Hymns however may be sung in the vernacular (i.e. A.-Instrumental music has never been in lany native tongue) before or after High the ideal of the Catholic Church. Clement Mass. With regard to solo singing consult of Alexandria (A.D. 202) says: HSpeechless. your Pastor. In some places the Diocesan and senseless sound of brass, of wood....and Constitutions have forbidden all kinds of string.... tone, like pagan temple.... display, dis..­ solos. With regard to good solos see Caeci.... pleas~s the Eternal Word Which delights only In the harmony of hearts uttered in vo..­ Ha, January, 1933. H cal music • St. Thomas of Aquin, at a time "After a Requiem Mass, when the when the musical instruments possessed Priest comes out and reads the "Non merely a shadow of our up.... to.... date orches.... intres" should the choir wait until he tras, says: HInstruments excite the minds un..­ has finished, and then begin the "Lib­ to a pleasurable enjoyment rather than unto devotion. The earthly.... minded Jews were in era?" I attended a Requiem in a large n~ed of ~ promised reward, and during di..­ church where the choir began the"Lib­ VIne serVIces, they were in need of an out.... era" as soon as Mass was over, while the ward incitement coming from musical instru..­ Priest was vesting in the sacristy". ments. But Holy Church does not employ ~uch. l~st A.-According to the rubrics the Priestis instruments she appear to be Jew..­ tt Ish, I.e. earthly.... mInded and in need of ex-­ to say the HNon Intres in a loud voice and ternal incentive." the choir is to answer HAmenttand then be.... gin the "Libera". U Has not tirne and again permission "In your excellent CATECHISM OF been given by ecclesiastical authority to GREGORIAN CHANT you say that use rnusical instruments in church?" Vespers are concluded by the singing of A.-Yes, permission had been granted to one of the four Antiphons of Our Lady. make a discreet use of musical instruments Would you kindly quote me the source in support of the voices or as accompaniment of sacred polyphony. History however tells for this authority"?- us a long and sad story how instrumental A.-THE CATECHISM OF GREGOR.... music assumed the leading role and indulged IAN CHANT treats of Votive Vespers, in grave excesses. In the matter of music .56 THE CAECILIA

~ost people are like children: they are look... s?mething to say on the nature of devo­ lUg for enjoyment and forget all about t~on, but to me it seemed rather steep". prayer. Even Religious, whose life was ded... A.-Yes, it was in the month of March icated to Divine Worship, became victims 1934, and probably it tasted like a Lente~ of this influence. Thus the Benedictine Nuns dish. The nature of devotion, and the of the St. Ragemund Convent in Milan sources from which it springs, formed the Italy, had woefully neglected the sacred subject of our discussion. There it was said -chant and employed gay orchestra music at 'that devotion springs from pious meditation'. Mass and Vespers. Pope Benedict XIII Behold the wisdom of Holy Church: She al.., ,( September 19, 1728) expressed his grief ways gives a sacred text with her music; mu... that the custodians of the Gregorian melo.., sic alone would lead us into sentimental dies' should have so far departed from the dreamland, but the words of eternal truth di.., sacred monastic tradition. He threatened to rect our steps aright. punish the one who under any pretence "Did not the great Dr. Franz Witt whatsoever should dare to resume musical ,instruments". write orchestral accompaniments for U Why have not the Popes long already some of his JJlasses and for the Te placed a ban on orchestral music in Deum?". ChtIJrch?" A.--Yes, he did. He made a special effort to do justice to instrumental music. He saw .A.-:In spite of the many sad experiences wIth Instrumental music, Holy Church has but one basis for a compromise between sa... cred polyphony and orchestral accompani.., permitted its use time and again, always tt .stating that her liturgical laws must be ob­ ment; he called it HGrundstimmung , i.e. served. These laws require that.the music Hfundamental tuning""in" with the sacred mll'" assume the character of mere accompani... sic. It comprises the spirit of prayer, grav... ment, of strict subordination to melody and ity, dignity and beauty of form. By way of rhythm. Holy Church acknowledges instru.., contrast he reviews Mozart's Mass in B flat. mental art and honors it by admitting it into Speaking of the Kyrie, he says: liThe whole the sanctuary of the liturgical drama. At the Kyrie is so cheerful and sweet, so shallow same time she is aware that constant watch.., and meaningless, that there is absolutely fulness is required on the part of the Bishops nothing betraying a crushed and contrite who alone are empowered to permit the per.., heart. The whole music is a joke, an abso.., formance of orchestral church music. Nor lute mistake". Then applying St. Paul's text

New England Chapter. of Th~ American Guild ot PART ONE Organists. (135th Public Service) Laudate Dominum Lemmens Recital of Plainchant and other Liturgical Music by Prelude on the "Ave Maria" Mauro",Cottone the Choir of St. John The Evangelist. Boston. No-­ Interlude on the "Sit Nomen Domini" Lemmens Three strophes on the "Ave Maris Stella" Bonnet vember 7. 1934. Everett Titcomb, Organist and Choirmaster. Postlude on the "Magnificat anima mea" Remondi Finale on the "Lauda Sion Salvatorem" Lemmens (1 ) Plainchant Improvisation on the "Stabat Mater Dolorosa" Kyrie...... -Deus Creator Mauro--Cottone Introit...... - Puer Natus Est Address...... - "LITURGICAL MUSIC" Super Flumina (20th Sunday after Pente", cost) The Rev. William J. Lallou, Litt.D. Stetit Angelus (Feast of St. Michael Arch-­ PART TWO angel.) Messa della Domenica Frescobaldi Alleluia...... -Justus Germinabit (De Doctori'" (a) Toccata avanti la messa bus) (b) Christe eleison {2) Polyphony...... -16th Century. (c) Canzone dopo l'Epistola Kyrie Cristobel Morales (d) Toccata per l'elevazione Ave Verum Josquin Des Pres o Quam Gloriosum Tomas Luis Victoria Postlude: Fugue in E minor (1 st part) Frescobaldi Two Responsoria (Tenebrae) Victoria Choral",Prelude on the "Creator alme siderum" (a) Caligaverunt Lemmens (b) Tamquam ad Latronem Interlude on the "Benedicamus Domino" Lemmens Vidi Aquam Victoria Finale on the "Ite Missa est" Lemmens Whitford ChoraI",Prelude on the "Veni Creator Spiritus" Perosi ,(3) Organ Interlude Te Deum Laudamus Max Reger Choral Postludes: (a) Ein Fest Burg. (b) St. Catherine Marcia Festiva Bossi (c) Benedictus (d) St. Kevin. Played by Homer Whitford, Dartmouth College (4) Modern Liturgical Music. Kyrie and Sanctus DETROIT, MICH. (Missa Sancta Crucis) Titcomb Domus Mea Titcomb The A CAPPELLA CHOIR of Saint Anthony High School Detroit. which is conducted by the AT BENEDICTION School Sisters of Notre Dame. rendered the following '0 Salutaris L'Abbe F. Brun Program in Convention Hall November 14th: Tantum Ergo Victoria Today There is Ringing Christiansen .Adoremus (Plainchant with Fauxbourdon) Francis Burgess No Blade of Grass Bach Jacob's Ladder A Wheel in a Wheel Negro Spirituals Scandalize My Name MONTREAL, CANADA Dormi Jesu Rubra Dr. Louis Balogh-ORGAN RECITAL Alleluja! Lord God Palestrina Assisted by St. Peters Choristers The League of Catholic Women invited the choir to sing on this occasion. They' will be heard under the November 25th, 1934. auspices of the Catholic Study Club. 'Organ Concerto in A Minor Bach Aria, Con Variazione Padre Martini o Salutaris (Solo Quartet) Mourlan 'Trumpet Tune and Air Purcell Scherzo in G Minor Bossi 'Cantate Domino (Choristers) D'Indy SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. Prelude. Fugue and Variation Franck Corpus Christi Church Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted Handel :Fiat Lux Dubois Rev. P. J.' Diamond. S. C. Pastor Rev. Giuseppe Villani, S. C. Organist and Choirmaster NEWARK, N. J. Christmas - Midnight Mass MELCHIORRE MAURO..COTTONE Kyrie. Sanctus and Agnus Dei -- Missa "Pange lin.. HEARD IN ORGAN RECITAL gua" Giuseppe Villani Gloria...... -Missa in hon. Sti. Spiritus J. Singenberger Music suited to the Liturgical Services of the Roman Credo Gregorian III 'Catholic Church. was Demonstrated to the Diocesan Offertory ,.- Adeste, Fideles Traditional Melody Institute of Sacred Music. 58 THE CAECILIA

CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Stritch. Archbishop of Milwaukee. PROGRAM OF MODERN CHURCH To Jesus Heart All Burning Meurers Jesu Dulcis Memoria J. Singenberger MUSIC RENDERED AT ST. Adoro Te C. Marcetteau MARY'S CHURCH Laudate Dominum J. Singenberger Rev. E. J. Burke, Director. Processional: GLASGOW, SCOTLAND Praise Ye The Lord Richard Keys Biggs St. Aloysius Church Choir Kyrie, Sanctus, and Benedictus John MacDonald, Choirmaster (Missa Te Deum Laudamus) Pietro A. Yon High Mass Kyrie, and Gloria (Missa Gaudens) Martin G. Dumler Proper of the Mass Gregorian Ordinary of The Mass Kyrie (Mass in A) Rheinberger Missa Patriachalis Perosi Motet (AveVerum) Sanctus Mozart (Mass in C) Silas Evening Services Bona Mors Magnificat Est F. M. de Zulueta S.}. Tantum Ergo Joseph Noyon Jesu Dulcis Memoria Beethoven Recessional Richard Keys Biggs Ave Verum W. Byrd Father Burke, lectured describing the difference be... o Salutaris E. Elgar tween the various numbers and explaining the char­ Tantum Ergo V. O'Donovan acteristics of the various numbers. MILWAUKEE, WISe., CHRISTMAS ------PROGRAM RENDERED AT ST. BUFFALO, NEW YORK LAWRENCE CHURCH Program of Investiture of The Right Rev. J. J. Nash, D.D., LLD. Directed by Sister M. Fortis, O.S.F., with Domestic Prelate to His Holiness Sister M. Agna, O.S.F., presiding at Pius XI, As Protonory Apostolic. the organ. Holy Family Church, Nov. 12, 1934. BEFORE MIDNIGHT MASS Processional-"Sacerdos et Pontifex" Glory to God in the Highest }. G. E. Stehle Rev. L. Bonvin, S.J. 4 part chorus with organ and string ensemble Reading of Papal Brief A Child is Born in Bethlehem J. Singenberger Profession of Faith and Oath Tenor Solo and 4...part chorus with organ Blessing of Rochet and Mantelletta (From Caecilia) Protonotary vests in sacristy- "Bone Jesu, Pastor Paraphrase on a Traditional Christmas Hymn Fidelium" Stehle Sister M. Cherubim, O.S.F. Solemn PontiGcal Mass 4...part chorus with organ Introit-"Salve sancta" Gregorian...Bonvin And the Glory of the Lord (from "The Messiah") (Men's Voices) G. F. Handel Kyrie-St. Cecilia Mass Singenberger Chorus with organ and string ensemble Gloria-Holy Family Mass Singenberger Hodie Christus Natus Est }. Mitterer Gradual and Alleluia-"Benedicta es" 4...part male chorus with organ (From Caedlia) Gregorian...Bonvin Exulta Filia Sion Sister M. Cherubim, O.S.F. (Men's Voices) 3...part female chorus with organ (From Caecilia) Credo-St. Cecilia Mass Singenberger Silent Night F. Gruber Offertory of day-HAve Maria" Choral...Kothe 5...part chorus with organ and string ensemble (4 Parts for Men's voices) (From Caecilia) Motet-"Jubilate Deo" Singenberger MIDNIGHT MASS - SOLEMN HIGH MASS Sanctus-St. Cecilia Mass Singenberger Benedictus-Holy Family Mass Singenberger (Mixed Choir with organ only) Agnus Dei,.....-Holy Family Mass Singenberger Proper of the Mass Communion-"Beata" Gregorian...Bonvin Introit and Communio Gregorian (Men's Voices) Gradual, "Tecum Prindpium" Fr. Witt Most Reverend William Turner, D.D. Offertory, "Laetentur Coe1i" (a cappella) Right Reverend Monsignor John J. Nash, D.D., P.A. Fr. Witt Holy God Traditional Ordinary of the Mass Recessional-"Long live the Pope" Ganss Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus, Organist and Director: Miss Mabel C. Carbone and Agnus Dei from "Missa Mater Admira... bilis" P. Griesbacher AFTER MIDNIGHT MASS MILWAUKEE, WISe. Adeste Fideles Traditional 4...part chorus with organ and string ensemble Immaculate Conception Male Chorus Roger F. Taylor, Choirmaster. 7:30 A. M. -- LOW MASS (Young Ladies· Choir) Concordi Laetitia Arr. by Taylor Panis Angelicus Cesar Franck BEFORE MASS: Adoramus Te Christe Palestrina Silent Night F. Gruber o Bone Jesu Palestrina 2...part chorus with organ and string ensemble Ave Maria Vittoria DURING THE MASS: (Organ accompaniment only) Address by His Excellency Most Rev. Samuel A. (Hymns from Caedlia) THE CAECILIA 59

Angels from the ~ealms of Glory F. Koenen See Amid the Winter's Snow Traumihler ST. AGNES CHURCH o Sing a Joyous Carol F. Koenen San Francisco, California Hail, Holy Night J. Singenberger Rev. John A. Butler, Pastor. AFTER MASS: Grace Marie Campagna, Organist and Choir Director. Adeste Fide1es Traditional Choir of twenty...five mixed voices. Chorus with organ and string ensemble 11:40 p. m. Rhapsody on Carol Melodies (organ solo) Campagna 9 A. M. - LOW MASS Hark what mean those Holy Voices (chorus) (Boys' Choir) Campagna While Shepherds Watched Tansur -Christmas Carols: (From "Ave Maria Hymnal") The First Nowell Traditional Rev. Jas. Pierron Pastorale (organ solo) Bonnett Angels from the Realms of Glory Silent Night (chorus) Gruber o Glorious Night Angels We Have Heard on High Compagno Hail, Sweet Infant Adeste Fideles Novello o Come all Ye Faithful Midnight Mass Proper of the Mass: Introit, Graduale, Offertory, Communion Compagno 10.15 A. M. - HIGH MASS Ordinary: (Mixed choir) Kyrie. Gloria. Credo. Sanctus. Benedictus, Agnus .BEFORE MASS: Dei, from Missa Brevis. Compagno Supplementary Offertory: Glory to God in the Highest J. G. E. Stehle En Sacra Nox Adam Chorus with organ and string ensemble Motets during Communion: "DURING THE MASS: (Organ accompaniment only) Ninna Nanna Mauro...Cottone Proper of the Mass Jesu Redemptor Omnium Compagno Introit and Communio Gregorian 8 o'clock Mass Gradual "Viderunt omnes fines terrae" J. Molitor Christmas Carols by the massed children's choirs of Offertory "Tui sunt Coelf' J. G. E. Stehle 200 voices. Ordinary of the Mass 11 and 12:15 Masses Kyrie,' Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus, Carols by the Mixed voice and Male choirs. and Agnus Dei from "Missa Mater Admira- Benediction bilis" P. Griesbacher Adoro Te and Tantum Ergo Compagno AFTER MASS: Divine Praises J. Lewis Browne Adeste Fideles Traditional Adoremus and Laudate Compagno Chorus with organ and string ensemble ------CENTRAL FALLS, R. I. ------Notre Dame R. C. Church Rev.C. Villiard, Pastor SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA R. Boisvert, Organist and Choirmaster Processional...... Adeste Fideles Traditional SS Peter & Paul's Church Ordinary from "Missa Parochialis" Rev. B. Pellegrino, S.C.; Choirmaster By Joseph McGrath Mr. Irwing, Organist Proper in Gregorian Chant 'Ordinary of Mass: Supplementary Offertory, "Tollite Hostias" By Saint...Saens Missa "Santa Cecilia" (8 voices) Recessional "Resonet in Laudibus" on the Gregorian -Offertory: Theme By Boisvert Jesu Redemptor Yon Ave Verum By J. des PresI Finale: Tantum Ergo By Vittoria Venite Gentes S. Guglielmi (1600) Laudate By Perruchot

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Father Pierron, with his rich musical background both as a composer of Church music and as a director of Church choirs, is adequately prepared to present to all those in­ terested in Church music these two outstanding hymnals: Volume I- English Unison Hymns; Volume II - Liturgical Section. In Volume I, the choice of hymn tunes is careful and .judicious, in keeping with the highest liturgical standard, Ave while their accompaniment is artistic without being too advanced for the average organ­ ist to play. Volume II contains practically all the music required for the liturgy on week days when children's choirs Maria take the place of the adult singers, and also includes the chants accom­ panying special devotions. Here are hymnals thatare liturgically, music­ HYIllnais ally, and textually accurate, with binding and price to meet your specific needs. Write Dept. C. for on-approval copies or Rev. joseph j. Pierron for additional information. Prices: Organ Books, $3.50 each; Voice Book, Vol. I. 60c; Vol. II. 56c The Bruce Publishing Co., 524-544 N. Milwaukee St., Milwaukee, Wis ... THE ,CAECILIA 61'

ORATE FRATRES A Review Devoted to the Liturgical Apostolate TS first purpose is.to foster an intelligent and whole-hearted participation in I the liturgical life of the Church, which Pius X has called "the primary and indispensable source of the true Christian spirit." Secondarily it also considers the liturgy in its literary, artistic, musical, social, educational and historical aspects. From a Letter Signed By His Eminence Cardinal Gasparri "The Holy Father is greatly pleased that St. John's Abbey is continuing the glorious tradition, and that there is emanating from this abbey an inspiration that tends to elevate the piety of the faithful by leading them back to the pure fountain of the sacred liturgy." Published every four weeks, beginning with Advent, twelve issues the year. Forty-eight pages. Two dollars the year in the United States. Write for sample copy and descriptive leaflet. THE LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville Minnesota

GREGORIAN MASSES From The Vatican Gradual Transcribed in modern notation

, (1) Missa "Orbis Factor" (De Dominica) } Accompaniment .80 No.481 { (2) Mass for Sundays of Advent and Lent Voice part .15 No. 5.20 Missa de Angelis Accomp. by J.. B. Singenberger .60 Edited by Otto Singenberger No. 520a Missa de Angelis Voice part, with Responses and a Panis Angelicus by Browne. Heavy paper cover .... .15 No. 39b Missa de Angelis Voice part, octavo size, large notes. Mass only .... .10 No. 521 Missa pro Defunctis Harmonized by J. B. Singenberger .60 Edited by Otto Singenberger No. 521a Missa pro Defunctis Voice part, with Libera Sub- venite,. In Pa1"adisum, Benedictus, and all Responses. Heavy paper cover •••.. 15 (1) Missa "Cum Jubilo" Harmonized by F. X. Mathias .80 No. 639 { (2) Missa "Alme Pater" f Voice part, with Asperges Me, Vidi Aquam, and Credo Ill. Heavy paper cover .15

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RHYTHM IN EDUCATION stages and has not yet given any results as Continued from Page 21 clear as those I have just mentioned. But (a) When troops are on the march, it is each of us, and especially those for whom found that, with the aid of music, double the rhythm has become an "interior neceSSIt!,'" amount of ground may be covered with the can ascertain for ourselves the effect of rhy­ same amount of fatigue. thm on our own circulation. With your' (b) In manual labor in factories, pro­ hand upon your wrist, sing a melody, calm. duction has been quadrupled when the work and adjusted to the movement of the pulse. swung along to a regular rhythm. F. Taylor, Then change the melody, adopting a move.. who made the experiment, came to the con­ ment more rapid and more strongly rhy..· clusion that a reeducation of the workmen on thmed. The pulse will beat faster and with rhythmic lines should be organized. greater force. Diminish anew the speed and force of your singing and your pulse will ad­ Did not Pliny remark that sowing corn just itself to the new pace. It is said that was an operation that was performed in mea­ Berlioz, whilst exeprimenting in this way, sure? Wherever man tills the earth, and in found himself affected on the one hand to the­ every country where men pursue their trades point of vertigo and convulsions and, on the­ by hand, this same rhythmed activity can be other, to the point of fainting. found. Cambarieu cites the example of the Madagascan women, who, whilst occupied If such· be the effect of rhythm, we can in preparing the ricefields for seeding, "re­ understand the utility of choosing movements. semble danseuses executing a ballet, so clear that are rather calm, and a speed in accor...· and deflned is the rhythm of their move­ dance with our physical organization. In ments." psalmody, for instance, when it'is well sung~ So by this happy means conscious effort the basic pulse is in proportion with the of the· will is replaced by an unconscIous movement of our normal heart beat. Pardon spontaneous effort. Without preoccupa.tion this· digression. the worker moves evenly, "elan" and "repos" Returnil1.g to the Ifordering of movements, H' automatically alternating at equal intervals we mustsee how itcan be applied practically­ of time. This indeed is the origin and the in the primary classes. It is often said that Hraison d'etre" of so many of our "labor we la~k time; the program is too full; we are- songs" that adorn the folk-lore of all coun,.. cramped for space (the rooms also are over... tries. And if movement in rhythm gives a crowded!). Nevertheless, with a little good... greater capacity of production to the artisan will it can be done. Unlimited time and who works alone, how much more will they space is not required, but the ordered use­ proflt who have to make collective efforts! of what we have at our disposition. Every.. Consider the sea...chanties of the sailors that where there is a lack of time and insufficient helped them as they heaved together at the space, but wherever the teachers have real­ heavy cables. ized the necessity, there rhythmic movements· A recent talking picture from Russia are practiced. I wish to convert you to the· showed a band of young men occupied in the idea itself and then these difficulties, material construction of a railroad. They made col,.. difficulties, will be overcome. You will be lective efforts of almost superhuman force agreeably surprised at the results. Inspec­ by the aid of a strongly rhythmic chorus; tors will tell you (as has already often hap...· they moved in unison to the pulse of the pened in Italy) that childrenwho combine­ song, and their efforts were accompanied by melody with physical action are not wasting an apparent overwhelming joy, if one could their time, for they are found to be the smart... judge by the expression on their faces. To,.. est children in the schools in all their other' day, then, as in earlier times, it is evident subjects. Why? Because this study fosters that laborers who sing as they work,...... that is, attention, self...conltrol, visual and ·muscular­ who unite melody and rhythm to the move... memory, coordination of sight, hearing and ments of their occupation""""reap greater movement, a rapid and sure perception and fruits from their labors than those who work a thousand other things, including a delicate· without song. Therefore we can suppose, intuition of form and phrasing. These ac­ a priorit that the study of rhythm is not with... quisitions are not limited to the study of mu­ out importance in practical life. sic, but influence all other studies. These As to health. It is certain that rhythm has are qualities of the mind and spirit. an· influence on the circulation of the blood, although experimentation is only in its early To be continued. THE CAECILIA 63

MUSIC FIRST YEAR NEW EDITION by Justine Ward •

The new edition is designed to aid the grade teacher lacking preliminary musical training. Teachers who under­ stand their childre,n and who follow the·revised edition lit­ erally at first, shortly are able to handle the material freely and with a certain degree of virtuosity. The teaching of rhythm by movements produces direct betterment of the phrasing when singing and a quick per­ ception in reading music. Secondly, the children develop a sense of form which becomes inseparable from each thing they do. Their compositions and improvisations are free from awkw~rdness and move with a sense of power and command over all the elements that make up a phrase. The melodies are fresh and full of beauty, and this without giv­ ing the children a set of rigid rules. They form correct habits which function automatically. ,;"" Cloth, 256 pages, ill~tstrated, Price $l;'~O ).., Subject to the usual school discount • ,. THE CATHOLIC EDUCATION PRESS

1326 QUINCY ST., N. E. WASHINGTONt D. C. JUST PUBLISHED BOOKS I and III OF THE FOUR BOOK SERIES MELODIAE SACRAE A Collection of Motets for General Use, Composed by MELCHIORRE MAURO-COTTONE

Book I Unison or Solo Voice. (No. 759) Just Published Book II Two Part Music. (In Preparation) Book III Three Part Music. (No. 761) Just Published. Book IV Four Part Music. (In Preparation)

This series of books, is the only group of its kind in this country providing a practical selection of·fine, original music, for all types of choirs. Unison choirs should use Book I, Two Parts Choirs, Book II, etc. Some of the selec... tions were published in THE CAECILIA during the past two years, and we were obliged to issue several separately, so popular did they become.

All the part choruses may be performed by Equal, or by Mixed, Voices, with or without accompaniment.

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