Automotive Optical Multi Gig July 2019

DRAFT IEEE 802.3 Call For Interest Automotive Optical Multi Gig July 2019

Consensus presentation

Carlos Pardo Objective of this meeting

• To measure the interest of starting a new study group to address: • Multi gigabit optical PHYs for Automotive applications • In this meeting, we don’t need to: • Choose any technical solution • Fully explore the problem • Debate strengths and weaknesses of solutions • Choose any one solution • Create PAR or ﬁve criteria • Create a standard or speciﬁcation • Anyone on the room may speak & vote • RESPECT… give it, get it

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !2 Agenda Panelists

Carlos Pardo, KDPOF Market Drivers • • • OEM affiliation 1 • Technical Feasibility • OEM affiliation 2 • Market potential • OEM affiliation 3 • Why now? • TIER-1 affiliation 1 • Q&A Panel • TIER-1 affiliation 2 • Straw Polls

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !3 Market Drivers Automotive Ethernet • The automotive industry has decided to go into Ethernet • Several 802.3 standards published or in preparation • 10 Mb/s (P802.3cg Task Force) • 100 Mb/s (100BASE-T1) • 1000 Mb/s (1000BASE-T1, 1000BASE-RH) • 2.5 , 5 & 10 Gb/s (P802.3ch Task Force ) • 25 & 50 Gb/s (Study group) • Industry associations are supporting the development of Ethernet for the automotive industry: • Open alliance • Jaspar • Complementary standardization bodies are specifying “missing parts” for automotive Ethernet: Connectors, cables, interfaces, W&S, etc. • ISO 21111 within ISO - TC 22 - SC31 & SC32

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !4 Market Drivers Automotive Optical Ethernet

• 1000BASE-RH is being used by several OEMs worldwide due to its intrinsic advantages: • Galvanic isolation • Superior EMC performance. Easy engineering. • Weight • Optical and copper Ethernet are complementary, even in the same car. First car in the market with 1000BASE-RH will be in 2020.

Hideki Goto, Chairman of JASPAR’s Next Generation High-Speed Network Working Group and Group Manager at Toyota stated:

“… optical network solution greatly improves the speed of automotive networks and moves beyond obsolete, lagging networking protocols. Optical Ethernet technology is ideal for future in-vehicle network infrastructure, since it provides a radiation-free harness, and thus meets prerequisites concerning electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Higher speeds are achieved by wider use of the electromagnetic spectrum, which forces OEMs to impose more and more stringent emissions limits on electronic components.”

Martin Hiller, Volvo Cars

“ … many factors come into play here, such as costs, the degree of maturity of the components and so on. Ethernet via ﬁber optics is deﬁnitely of interest. …”

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !5 Automotive Optical Ethernet Connector

• How does it look like ?

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !6 Automotive Optical Ethernet Connector

• How does it look like ?

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !7 Automotive Optical Ethernet Connector

• How does it look like ?

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !8 Automotive Optical Ethernet Harness Seamless integration of POF with W/H at • How is installed ? manufacturing and Instrument Panel W/H installation

Bundling Optical Harness to Loopback (for Diagnostics) Separation （Keeping Connector with Clamp R15mm）

Bundling Optical ○Optical Harness to Copper Connector End Binding Dust Protection Cap to all Connector －Routing Ends

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !9 Automotive Optical Ethernet Harness Seamless integration of How is installed ? POF with W/H at • manufacturing and Floor W/H installation No Protection for Optical Fiber inside Protector Inline Connector Yellow：Dust Protection Cap White：Clamp

Separation at R15mm to be treated similarly to Copper Cable

Fixing Inline Connector to Protector Exit ; Similarly treated to Protector Winding and Clamping similarly to Copper Cable Copper Cable

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !10 GM Poll

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !11 Use cases Why optical? • Smart Antenna

Ant 1 V2X RF V2X modem transceiver

Ant 2 GNSS positioning

Ant 3 Bluetooth Antenna Telematics FIBRE modem interface and Optical connectivity connector uP 3G/4G/5G Ant 4 modem Use optical to avoid noise Ant 5 WiFi 802.11

Smart Antenna

Any small radiation from the copper link will reduce Copper Link the reception dynamic range of the antennas ECU Electronic Control Unit

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !12 Use cases Why optical?

Sensor Sensor Sensor Actuator Sensor Sensor Sensor

Actuator IO Zone IO Zone Concentrator Concentrator Actuator

DOMAIN Actuator CONTROLLER

Actuator Actuator

Sensor Actuator IO Zone IO Concentrator Concentrator ADAS SYSTEM Sensor

Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Actuator

Local zone link ASIL-B link ADAS=Advanced Driver Assistance System IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !13 Use cases Why optical?

Save backbone with redundant links will be needed for ASIL-D architectures.

Sensor Sensor Sensor Actuator Sensor Sensor Sensor

Actuator IO Zone IO Zone Concentrator Concentrator Actuator

DOMAIN Actuator CONTROLLER

Actuator Actuator

Sensor Actuator IO Zone IO Concentrator Concentrator ADAS SYSTEM Sensor

Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Actuator

Local zone link ASIL-D Safety architecture Redundant ASIL-B link ASIL-B link ASIL=Automotive Safety Integrity Level ASIL-D = ASIL-B + ASIL-B

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !14 Use cases Why optical?

Save backbone with redundant links will be needed for ASIL-D architectures.

Sensor Sensor Sensor Actuator Sensor Sensor Sensor

Actuator IO Zone IO Zone Concentrator Concentrator Actuator

DOMAIN Actuator CONTROLLER

Actuator Actuator

Sensor Actuator IO Zone IO Concentrator Concentrator ADAS SYSTEM Sensor

Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Actuator

Local zone link ASIL-D Safety architecture Redundant ASIL-B link ASIL-B link ASIL=Automotive Safety Integrity Level ASIL-D = ASIL-B + ASIL-B

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !15 Use cases Why optical?

During operation, currents up to 600 A moves from the front to the back of the car. It generates voltage drops between different ECUs of the car. These voltages create up to 6A current ﬂows going throw the shield of the data cables.

600A

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !16 How shielded copper cables radiate?

Camera

ECU

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !17 How shielded copper cables radiate?

• Shield is an antenna for any ground bouncing noise of the ECU (E ﬁeld)

Camera

Cable shield is ECU an antenna for ground bouncing

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !18 How shielded copper cables radiate?

Diﬀerential to common Camera mode conversion plus inductive shielding makes the cable to radiate noise Cable shield is ECU an antenna for ground bouncing

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !19 How shielded copper cables radiate?

• Shield is an antenna for any ground bouncing noise of the ECU (E ﬁeld) • Common mode conversion plus inductive shielding generates currents and voltages in the shield, radiating noise as an antenna • Cable (inductive) shielding is a root cause of uncontrolled current loops (H ﬁeld): conductive noise is converted into radiative facilitated by cable layout

Diﬀerential to common Camera mode conversion plus inductive shielding makes the cable to radiate noise Shields create Cable shield is the so called ECU an antenna for “ground” loops. ground bouncing (actually GND does not exist)

Car chasis

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !20 How shielded copper cables radiate?

Camera Optical links allows car easy engineering thanks to its superior EMC performance

ECU

Car chasis

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !21 Market Drivers Optical multi-gig use cases • Provided by OEMs specialists:

2.5 Gbps 5 Gbps 10 Gbps 25 Gbps 50 Gbps Unidirectional

Backbone

Smart Antenna

Cameras, Sensors

Display

Future

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !22 Can an Existing Optical Ethernet Types be Used?

• IEEE Std 802.3 already includes the 10GBASE-SR speciﬁcation that may be considered as starting point to develop multi-gigabit optical solution for automotive applications. • However, is it really good enough for automotive applications? • We need to examine each components in the optical link: • Fibres / cables • Connectors • Light sources • Photo Diodes

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !23 10GBASE-SR

• 10GBASE-SR was not designed to meet automotive requirements: • Automotive temperature range: Tj = -40ºC -> 105ºC/125ºC and more than 15 years of operation with close to 0 ppm failures • 10GBASE-SR has no speciﬁed temperature range • 10GBASE-SR VCSEL designs doesn’t meet automotive reliability and target temperature range • VCSEL current density will need to be reduced to meet automotive requirements • VCSEL bandwidth will be reduced due to current density reduction • Relative intensity noise will increase due to current density reduction • Insertion Loss will be increased due to: • 4 inline connectors with much higher estimated losses per connector due to: • Vibration, • Aging, • Dust, etc. • Cost and power consumption restrictions are diﬀerent • OAM channel is needed • System needs to be adaptive to cope with: • dynamic changes of temperature • large parametric variation with manufacturing processes and temperature • low cost

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !24 Posible ﬁbres

Source: Takahashi, Tadashi; Nitto

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !25 Posible ﬁbres

http://www.ieee802.org/3/NGAUTO/public/jan17/whelan_3NGAUTO_01b_0117.pdf IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !26 Fibres for long vehicles

• Automotive Optical Ethernet can support longer link lengths

Source: Hayato Yuki, Sumitomo Electric IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !27 Connectors

• Connector suppliers are in advanced development of Multi-gig optical connectors

Source: Shoji Kawashima, TE Connecvity; Tomohiro Kikuta, Adamant Namiki Source: Ulrich Kleymann, Yazaki

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !28 NETWORK AND SYSTEM

Speed availability Automotive following factors have been evaluat- Item Technology @ 20 m Cost quality Remark ed: GaAs-PD 7 GHz High Acceptable 850 nm, 0.6 A/W ➜ Optical device Detector InGaAs-PD > 10 GHz Very High Acceptable For 1.3, 1.55 μm ➜ Receiver ➜ Package Si-PD 1.5 GHz Low Very Good For 850 nm, 0.3 A/W VCSEL > 5 GHz Low Challenge Emitter Edge emitting LD > 5 GHz High No Good RCLED < 500 MHz Low Very Good First, the selection of the optical de- TOSA, ROSA and vices has to be considered. The candi- > 10 GHz High Good Module SFF or XFS dates for the light emitter are a semi- Package SMD < 1 GHz Low Very Good FOT conductor laser (LD), a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and a Sidelooker < 1 GHz ? Low Very Good FOT resonant-cavity light emitting diode Sub Assembly > 5 GHz ? Low Very Good FOT (RCLED). The RCLED is an effective choice regarding price and reliability. However, the speed of the RCLED is not al handling processes necessary in pro- Next generation networks suitable for high-speed communication duction because the part is reflow sol- up to the gigabit range. Therefore, in derable and can easily be handled by For the next generation of MOST net- the case of using a RCLED,Optical parallel com- devices automatic pick and place machines. In works, Hamamatsu is developing a new munication like “250 Mbit/s to 500 addition to the SMD version of FOT which is capable of 5 Gbit/s com- Mbit/s × n” has to be considered. The MOST150, the SMD version of MOST25 munications. The target is a cost-effi- parallel method requires multiple parts has recently been released and ship- cient and high reliable FOT suitable for and the structure becomes complex, so ping of these parts has already started. automotive applications. So, Hama- there is no price advantage. The Sidelooker package for MOST150 VCSELsmatsu Photonics will outline and this idea PD The areuse of a VCSEL being or a LD is neces- qualiﬁed for Automotive applications uses a new kind of resin that enables• regarding the use of FOTs for gigabit sary for high-speed communication. In automatic handling in reflow soldering communications in automotive appli- the case of those two devices, their processes. • cations.Reducing The basic factors incorporated current speed is sufficient.density The reliability of has to VCSEL Hamamatsu Photonics’ line-up of into the design of the FOT are transmis- be considered. Both the VCSEL and LD opto-semiconductors covers a wide sionUsing speed and power more budget. This robustis are used in aPD wide range architectures of applica- spectrum, such as infrared, visible and • strongly dependent on the character- tions. However, in the case of automo- ultraviolet regions, X-rays and even istics of the emitter (Tx) as well as the tive applications, their reliability is un- high energy particles. These are used in receiver (Rx), and the coupling condi- known. Therefore, their capability for fields like automotive, medical diagno- tion with an optical fiber (). The this area has to be checked. From a cost sis, scientific measure- ments, communications or consumer electron- ics. The company pro- duces not only silicon (Si) semiconductor devices but also compound semiconductor devices such as indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) and gallium arsenide (GaAs). In the MOST market, more than 100 million pieces of FOTs have been pro- duced during the last ten years. These FOTs are highly reliable with a fail- ure rate of less than 1 ppm. Furthermore, the user profits by the in- house support including IC design, package design, infrared LED wafer production and PD wafer production. Source: Takayuki Suzuki 42 Elektronik Hamamatsu Photonics http://www.ieee802.org/3/NGAUTO/public/adhoc/Kropp_NGAUTO_0317.pdf

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !29 Market potential

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !30 Why now ?

• Demo cars are using 10GBASE-SR links in anticipation of a multi-gig Automotive Optical Ethernet standard.

• First car with multi-gig optical links is planned for 2025. OEMs are requesting a automotive qualiﬁed optical solution

• 1000BASE-RH already qualiﬁed and in production for 2020 • Industry suppliers are ready to provide automotive qualiﬁed components

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !31 Supporters by afﬁliation

OEMs • Ulrich Keymann - Yazaki • Hideki Goto - TMC • Allan Zhu - Huawei Technologies • Takashi Yasuda - TMC • Xuehuan Wang - Huawei Technologies • Doarte Goncalves - PSA • Tomoo Takahara - Fujitsu • Samuel Sigfridsson - Volvo Cars • Hideki Isono - Fujitsu • Jerker Fors - Volvo Cars • Steven E. Swanson - Corning • Michael Kaindl - BMW • John S Abbott - Corning • Natalie A. Wienckowski - GM • Alexander Umnov - Corning • Mabud Choudhury - OFS Automotive component suppliers (TIER-1 / • Yoshihiro Niihara - Fujikura Ltd. TIER-2) • Dr. Übbing - Leoni Other • Daniel Wiesmayer - Dräxlmaier • Tomohiro Kikuta - Adamant Namiki • Christopher Müller - Valeo • Yasuhiro Hyakutake - Adamant Namiki • Masato Shiino - Furukawa Electric • Satoshi Takahashi - POF Promotion • Masayuki Iwase - Furukawa Electric • Bob Grow - RMG Consulting • Mitsuhiko Mizuno - Denso • Manabu Kagami - NIT • Takashi Fukuoka - Sumitomo Electric • Hayato Yuki - Sumitomo Electric • Kazuya Takayama - Nitto Denko • Tadashi Takahashi - Nitto Denko • Andreas Engel - TE • Richard Orosz - Yazaki

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !32 Straw polls

• Should a study group be formed for “Optical multi-gig PHY for automotive applications”? • Y: N: A: • Room:

• I would participate in a “Optical multi-gig PHY for automotive applications” study group • Tally:

• I believe, my aﬃliation would support my participation in a “Optical multi-gig PHY for automotive applications” study group • Tally:

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !33 Next steps

• Ask 802.3 at Thursday’s closing meeting to form study group • If approved: • Request 802 EC to approve creation of the study group on Friday • First study group meeting would be during September 2019 IEEE 802.3 interim meeting

IEEE 802.3 CFI July 2019: Automotive Optical Multi-Gig PHY Carlos Pardo !34