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OF THE TORREY BOTANICALCLUB

JULY, 1922

Newspecies of Uredineae XIV*

JOSEPH CHARLES ARTHUR In the tenth article.in this series of new species an error was made in the determinationof the host for Uromycesfuscatus (Bull. Torrey Club 45: I42. I9I8), which should be Rumex paucifolius Nutt., and not "Polygonum alpinum All." as printed. It was due to the persistentefforts of Mr. A. 0. Garrett, who firstthought the host of the collectionwhich he made was Pentstemon(see Fungi Utahenses 244), that the facts in the case were finallyestablished. In July, I920, Mr. Garrett visited the Utah locality at Gogorza, where he firstcollected the in June, I9I5, and secured a floweringstalk of the host, showing it to be Rumexpaucifolius. Upon mypresenting the situation to ProfessorAven Nelson, he looked up the field notes and the herbariumspecimens collected in Idaho at the same place and time as the type of U. fuscatusand came to the conclusionthat the hostof thiscollecticn also was R. paucifolius. Only thesetwo. localities for the species are known up to the present time. The correctionof these errorswas complicated by a similar uvcertaintyand errorin the host names for Puccinia Polygoni- alpini Cruch. & Mayor (Dicaeoma Polygoni-alpiniArth. N. Am. Flora 7: 385:-I920), for which only two collectionswere known at that time, a third one having been added fromGreenville, California,since the printingof the Flora. Rumex paucifolius, host of the Uromyces,can not be told fromPolygonum alpinum, host of the Puccinia, when the fruitingparts are absent, hence the difficultiesthat have arisen.

* Contribution from the Botanical Department of Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. [The BULLETIN for June (49: I63-I88. pI. 9) was issued July 8, I922] I89 I90 ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF UREDINEAE-XIV

In the twelftharticle of this series, under Puccinic offtscata (Bull. Torrey Club 47: 469. 1920), the name Uredo Zornicae Dietel (Hedwigia 38: 257. I899) should have been given as a synonym. This name was applied to Ule's 2296 from Brazil. Althoughpycnia have not been seen yet thereis circumstantial evidence to indicate that no aecia are produced, and therefore the species is probably a Bullaria, and should be called B. Zorniae (Dietel) comb. nov. It is a species of the New World, to which the name Puccinia ZornicaeMcAlpine does not apply. In the same article, under Pucciniastrumamericanum(Bull. TorreyClub 47: 468. I920), Rubus occidentaliswas erroneously given as a host for this species. The errorwas called to my attention by Dr. J. J. Davis of the Universityof Wisconsin, and was confirmed by subsequent examination under the microscope. The typeof P. carcticumamericanum Farl. is onRubus neglectusPeck, collected at Bussey, near Cambridge,Massachu- setts. This collection is firstmentioned in the original article by Farlow (Rhodora 10: i6. i908) as on R. occidentalisnear Cambridge,but laterin the articleis referredto as on R. neglectus, Bussey, October, I875. The correctionin the name of the host is creditedto M. L. Fernald. I have been able to ascertainthese facts throughthe assistance of Dr. R. Thaxter,who has carefully examined the original material in the Farlow Herbarium. Melampsoropsisroanensis sp. nov. IL. Uredinia hypophyllous,in crowded groups of 2-8 on somewhat discoloredspots, roundishor ovoid, 0.3-o.8 mm.long, prominent,early dehiscent by a central or lateral slit, leaving a border or a cap-like covering of epidermis, pulverulent; peridiumdelicate, uniform in thickness; urediniospores catenulate, ellipsoid, 20-26 by 32-40 V; wall colorless, 1.5-2.5 V.thick, closely and finelyverrucose on one side grading to coarsely verrucose on opposite side with somewhat deciduous cylindrictubercles, 2 ~t long. Telia hypophyllous,in irregularand often confluentgroups on reddishspots, roundishor ovoid, 0.5-I mm. across, elevated, prominent,waxy, orange-red,tardily naked; teliosporescuboid, I6-20 V,broad, almost or quite as long, in a series 65-IOO Vf long; wall colorless, thin, I ,u, smooth; contents orange-red. On Rhododendroncatawbiense Michx. (), summit of Roan Mountain, Carter County, Tennessee, altitude 6400 feet, July, I887, II, R. Thaxter. On Rhododendronpunctatum Andr., LeConte Mountain, Sevier County, Tennessee, altitude 66oo feet, June 8, 192I, ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF UREDINEAE-XIV 191

;;, III, H. F. Bain, communicatedby John A. Stevenson 5812 (t-ype). The urediniosporesof this interesting species are much largerand moreprominently verrucose than those of the common form in Europe, M. (Chrysomyxa)Rhododendri. This is the firstrust on Rhododendronseen fromthe eastern United States, althoughthe European species has been ascribed to this country bv a numberof authors. Duggar says (Fungous Diseases 432. I909), "In the United States this fungusis particularlycommon in the mountainsof the east, and southwardas faras the southern limits of the Appalachians." The statementdoes not apply to a-ay true rust on Rhododendron.Roan Mountain and LeConte Mountain are about IOO miles apart. The rust was reported abundant on the summit of LeConte Mountain. Mycologists who visit the summits of these mountains and those nearby should be on the lookout for the aecia, which may be expected to occur on species of Picea. Cronartiumstalactiforme Arthur & Kern, comb. nov. Peridermiumstalactiforme Arth. & Kern, Bdll. Torrey Club 33: 4I9. I906. This Cronartiumbelongs to a group of three species which have been muchconfused, both in nomenclatureand in structural characters. All threespecies have urediniaand telia on Castilleja and relatedgenera of scrophulariaceous hosts, which are difficult to distinguishexcept by means of cultures. The aecia of the three species, however,occuring on pine trunksand branches, can be identifiedwith considerable certaintv, even by theirgross appearance. The aecia of C. stalactiformeare confiniedto thebark and do not producewoody galls. They often extend over con- siderable areas, and cause littleor no swelling. The individual aecia are low and flattened,with a circumscissiledehiscence. Cronartiumfilamentosum (Peck) Hedgc. (Peridermiumfila- mentosumPeck, I882) is similar to C. stalactiformein the effect upon the host, but the individual aecia are more elongated, oftenbecoming cylindric, and have noticeable filamentsextend- ing fromtop to bottom throughthe individual aecia. There are only rudimentsof such filamentsin C. stalactiforme. Cronartiumcoleosporioides (Diet. & Holw.) Arth. (Perider- mium Harknessii Moore, I876) differsfrom the two preceding species by producinga woody gall, oftenof considerablesize and I92 ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF UREDINEAE-XIV abruptlyrising from the healthytissue. The individualaecia are low and coalesce into a more or less continuousmass, and are entirelywithout internal filaments. There has been much confusionregarding the application of the name PeridermiumHarknessii, owing in the firstplace to the obscure way in which it was firstpublished*, and in the second place to the later inclusionof the Pacific Coast formsof the very similar P. Cerebrum,whose uredinia and telia occur on leaves of oak. The name was announced at a meetingof the San Francisco Microscopical Society in July, I876, by J. P. Moore, who exhibited specimens and explained the nature of the , and who read a letter from H. W. Harkness describing the species in an informalbut accurate maiiner. The collection to whichthe name was applied was made by Harknessand Moore on May 26, I876, at Colfax, California,which is in Placer county,

* Our attention was directed to the early historyof this name by Mr. E. Bethel in a letter dated January 22, I922. Through the assistance of Mr. W. M. Hepburn, of the Purdue UniversityLibrary, and Professor W. C. Blasdale, of the Universityof California,the followingfacts have been estab- lished. In the minute book of the San Francisco Microscopical Society this re- cord occurs: "July 20, I876. Mr. J. P. Moore read a paper writtenby Dr. H. W. Harkness on a new variety of fungus infestingPinus ponderosa near Colfax, and he proposed the name Peridermium Harknessii, which was adopted." There is also in the archives of the society a newspaper clipping giving a more extended account of the matter as presented to the society. This clipping, ProfessorBlasdale has ascertained, came fromthe issue of the Daily Alta California of San Francisco, of Saturday, July 22, I876, volume 28. It consists of the Harkness paper in full, and a paragraph stating how Moore proposed the name. The society did not issue any printed account of its proceedings during this period of its existence, but occasionally, as the subject matter warranted, the secretarytransmitted a more orless formalminute to the London Monthly Microscopical Journal. In the issue of that journal for September i, i876, an account of the meeting of July 20 is given in the same words used in the newspaper clipping, with three additional paragraphs. What is referredto as a paper by Dr. Harkness is in the formof a letter to the secretary of the society. It begins with the sentence: " I have today forwardedfor the Society's Cabinet a specimen of Peridermium,"etc. This type material was destroyed in the great San Francisco fire,being bulky and in a box separate fromother type collections, as Mr. Bethel writes, who has consulted the herbarium of the society both before and since the fire,and as stated by Meinecke (Phytopathology 10: 28I. I920), who also calls atten- tioln to the duplicate specimen at the New York Botanical Garden. ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF UREDINEAE-XIV 193 about fiftymiles west of Lake Tahoe. Harkness says the fungus "appears both on the limbs and trunksof young trees of the variety Pinus ponderosa,generally forminga complete circle around the trees, its sporidia appearing as a zone of bright orange yellow. The spores firstgerminate beneath the cuticle, which it destroys. Owing to the irritationof this presence an abnormal thickeningof the cambium is produced, which in turn gives place to an excessive growthof woody fibre. This process being repeated from time to time a large bulbous ex- pansion is soon formed,so that as oftenoccurs a stem of but an inch in diameteris enlarged to that of fouror five. Above this bulb the furtherdevelopment of the stem is retarded,or arrested altogether,its place being supplied by a dense tuft of minute branches." Among other mattersit is also stated that "in the xicinityof Colfax the fungusappears to be limited to an area of but a few acres in extent. Within that area, however,it is destroyingthe young growth." The quotation is taken fromthe reportby the secretaryof the San Francisco society sent to the Monthlv Microscopical Journal of London, and printed on page I64 in volume I6, bearing the date of September i, I876. This periodical was maintained by the Royal Microscopical Society. The name, host and localityare cited in Harkness & Moore's Pacific Coast Fungi in i88o, still without confusionwith any otherform. But when Harkness publishedtechnical descriptions of "New species of Californianfungi" in the Bulletin of the CaliforniaAcademy of Science in I884, other formsand hosts were incorporated,and fromthis time on the application of the name has been various. The chief source of confusion has been in failing to rec- ognize the Pacific Coast form of PeridermiumCerebrum Peck, which occurs along the coast of California, and is especially abundant at AMontereyon Pinus radiata (P. insignis). The presentwriters feel especially culpable for this confusion,for they placed P. IHarknessiiunder P. Cerebrumas a svnonym in their paper on North American species of Peridermiumon pine (Mycologia 6: I33. I914), and have been followed by Meinecke, in his paper on PeridermiumHarknessii and Cro- nartium Quercuum (Phytopathology 6: 225-240. I9I6), and by others. The present knowledgeof the Castilleja rusts indicates that the correct application of the names should be as follows: I94 ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF UREDINEAE-XIV

Cronartiumfilamentosum (Peck) Hedgc. (Peridermiumfila- mentosumPeck, I882); Cronartium coleosporioides (Diet. & Holw.) Arth. (Uredo coleosporioides Diet. & Holw. I893); Cronartiumstalactiforme Arth. & Kern (Peridermiumstalacti- forme Arth. & Kern, I906). Should it be deemed advisable to combine these three species as subspecies, races, or forms, the name to be employed for the aggregate species, using the oldest specific name, would be Cronartium Harknessii (Moore) Meinecke, Phytopathology 10: 282. 1920. DIABOLE gen. nov. Cycle of development includes only subcuticular telia, with a possibility of pycnia. Telia somewhat indefinite in extent, without paraphyses. Teliospores free, usually paired on a common pedicel, one-celled, more or less adhering laterally; wall colored, usually verrucose, at least above; pore one, in upper part of cell. Diabole cubensis comb. nov. Uromycladium (?) cubense Arth. Mem. Torrey Club 17: I I 9. I9I8. The species occurs in Cuba on Mimosa pigra L. (M. asperata L. ) and was at firstassigned with manymisgivings to the Uromycladium. That connection has become more and more uncertain, and it is now believed to constitute a new and very distinctive genus.

Puccinia Plucheae (Sydow) comb. nov. Uredo Pluchecte Sydow, Ann. Myc. 1: 333. I903. Uredo biocellata Arth. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 5I7. I906. Puccinia biocellata Vestergr. Micr. Rar. Sel. 1267. i908. The teliospores of this rust have been collected on two hosts, Pluchea fastigiata Griseb. and P. Quitoc DC., in Argentina, and issued in Vestergren's exsiccati, Nos. I267 and I368. The rust occurs on a number of species of Pluchea in Florida, Guat- emala and the West Indes, but no teliospores have yet been found in North America.

Uredo nominatasp. nov. II. Uredinia amphigu:iious, grouped upon discolorecd areas, 5--io mm. across, oblong or linear, 0.4-5 mm. long, somewhat ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF UREDINEAE-XIV I95 tardily naked, pulverulent, light-brown,ruptured epidermis evident; urediniosporesellipsoid or obovoid, I8-23 by 23-32 ,t; wall lightcinnamon-brown, I.5--2 ,uthick, moderately echinulate, the pores 3 or 4, approximatelyequatorial. On SisyrinchiumBermudianum L. (Iridaceae), St. Davicis, Bermuda, February 26-March 9, I908, StewardsonBrown 6ii. A number of rusts have been described on Sisyrinchium,both fromNorth and South America,but representativesof themare rare and scanty in herbaria. Judgingfrom descriptionsand the small amount of materialavailable this formshould be con- sidered distinct. Uredo cumula sp. nov. IL. Uredinia amphigenous,somewhat aggregate or scattered, round,applanate, small,0.I-0.4 mm.across, soon naked, pulveru- lent, cinnamon-brown,conspicuous, ruptured epidermis notice- able; urediniosporesbroadly ellipsoid or obovate, small, I8-20 by 22-25 ,u; wall pale cinnamon-brown,thin, i ptor less, finely eclhinulate,the pores 2, equatorial, indistinct. On Buchnera elongata Sw. (Scrophulariaceae), Herradura, Cuba, March 24, I92I, John R. Johnston2530. The species is notable forits small delicate spores,although when massed on the surface of the plant they are of ordinaryconspicuousness. The generic name of the host is sometimeswritten Buechnera. Uredo curvatasp. nov. IL. Uredinia hypophyllous, loosely grouped on sliglhtly discolored areas 3-5 mm. across, round, small, 0.I-0.3 mm. in diameter, soon naked, pulverulent, dark chestnut-brown, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; paraphyses numerous, per- ipheral, incurved,hyphoid or somewhat clavate, slender,about 7 by 30 ,t, the wall thin, less than i tu,slightly thicker above, 1-2 ,t, colorless below, light chestnut-brownabove, sometimes one- or two-septate; urediniosporesobovate, I4-I6 by 26-32 (1, very strongly curved; wall chestnut-brown,uniformly thin, i ,u, with one indistinctpore on the concave side below the equator, evenly echinulate-verrucose. On Inga vera Willd. (Mimosaceae), San Diego de los Banios, Cuba, March 26, I92I, John R. Johnston2540. The species is remarkablefor its very much curved spores with one pore on the indentedside, being in this respectsimilar to the urediniaof Puccinia invaginataArth., which occurs in Cuba on the rhamna- ceous genus Gouania. AecidiumYuccae sp. nov. 0. Pycnia amphigenous, in small and crowded groups, inconspicuous, honey-yellow, subepidermal, small, globoid, I96 ARTHUR: NEW SPECIES OF tJREDINAE-XIV

8o-II5 V in diameter; ostiolar filamentsprominent, 45-65 P. long, agglutinated into a column. I. Aecia amphigenous,irregularly arranged in loose groups, cylindric,0.3-0.5 mm.in diameterand somewhathigher; peridium firm,erect, the margin finely erose; peridial cells angularly globoid or ellipsoid in face view, rectangular or somewhat rhomboidal in section, I6-I8 by 23-35 V.,abutted or slightly over- lapping,the outer wall 3-5 V thick,smooth, the inner wall thin- ner, about 2 V.,finely verrucose; aeciospores globoid or broadly ellipsoid,I6-20 by I9-24 V.;wall colorless,thin, i V. or less, very closely and finelyverrucose. On Yucca glauca Nutt. (Dracaenaceae), Crawford,Nebraska, June 28, I92I, A. 0. Garrett. An interestingspecies, as it comes fromthe semi-arid, sandhill region, where a numberof grass rusts of restrictedrange occur, to one of which it undoubtedly is genetically connected. Only a few groups of aecia on the upper part of a young leaf were secured by Mr. Garrett,who kindly submitted all the material for study. PURDUE UNIVERSITY, LAFAYETTE, INDIANA