On Optimization of 3G Cellular Systems Deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar Warsaw, October 2001

ON OPTIMIZATION OF 3G CELLULAR SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Yugoslavia E-mail: [email protected] On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

'80s '90s '2000s

Initial stage Growing stage Expansion stage Matured stage

DIGITAL 4th- AMPS, NMT, NTT... GSM, PDC, IS-95 IMT-2000 (1st generation) (2nd generation) (3rd generation) generation

2 Mbps Mobile 9.6k-64 kbps 64k-384 kbps <300bps 20 Mbps (best effort Data (packet) 2Mbps (indoor) indoort)

PSTND Up to 1 Mbps 28.8bps 64 kbps Up to 20 Mbps ?? ata (Flat rate)

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 2 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF CELLULAR STANDARDS

Europe US Japan

AMPS NAMTS

NMT450 TACS

E RMTS RC2000 C450 NMT900 TACS

Analog (1G) Digital NMT450i

2G DAMPS CDMA PDC GSM IS-54 IS-95

HSCSD DCSI800 USDC 2+G GPRS PCS PCS PHS EDGE 1900 UWC-136

3G UMTS IMT-2000

3+G Under standardization

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 3 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS STANDARDS

Mobility 2000 2010 2020

Ve h ic l e ITS HAPS 3rd GSM Pedestrian Generation 5th PDC Generation PHSIMT-2000 4th Generation Office Wireless Milli-wave 2nd Access LAN Generation

N-ISDN B-ISDN Optical fiber networks Gigabit-net

10k 2M 50M 155Mb/s 600Mb/s

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 4 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

TARGETED FEATURES OF 3G NETWORKS

3G networks should provide access, by means of one or more radio links, to a wide range of telecommunications services supported by the fixed telecommunication networks (e.g. PSTN/ISDN/IP), and to other services which are specific to mobile users.

Key features of such wireless cellular systems should be: • high degree of commonality of design world-wide; • compatibility of services within 3G standards and with the fixed networks; • high quality; • small terminal for world-wide use; • world-wide roaming capability; • capability for multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals; • support of a limited number of different radio interface technologies within the 3G family.

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 5 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 COMPARISON OF 2G AND 3G CELLULAR SYSTEMS

System Aspects Existing 2 G New 3 G Mobile Systems IMT-2000 Systems Use of digital technology Already used for modulation, speech and Increased use of digital technologies channel coding as well as implementation and control of data channels Commonality between Each systems is primarily optimised for Optimisation of radio interfaces for different operating its specific operating environment multiple operating environments environments such as vehicular, pedestrian, intro- office, fixed wireless access and satellite, via a single flexible or scalable radio interface. Frequency bands Operate in frequency bands ranging from Use a common global frequency 800 MHz to 1.9 GHz, depending on the band country Data services Limited to data rates below 115 kb/s Transmission speeds up to 2 Mb/s (WAP-GRPS-SMS) Roaming Generally limited to specific regions, Global frequency coordination and Handsets not compatible between ITU standards will provide true different systems global roaming and equipment compatibility Technology Spectrum efficiency, cost and flexibility Spectrum efficiency, flexibility and limited by technology in use at time of overall costs all significantly system design improved. Radio interfaces TDMA, CDMA W-CDMA Data speed 9.6 kb/s with evolution up to 171.2 kb/s 144 kb/s – 2 Mb/s (2.5 G)

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 6 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

LAYERED ARCHITECTURE OF 3G NETWORKS

Applications Applications Service Service and applications User data Support Support HLR servers Control servers MSC server GW/MSC server AAA H Control PSTN/ ISDN

MGW/ PDSN MGW Router Internet/ Wireless Connectivity Intranet access

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 7 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 OVERVIEW OF 3G STANDARDIZATION BODIES

ITU IMT-2000

ITU-R ITU-T Radio aspects Network aspects

Ongoing Collaboration

Others: 3 GPP UWC - 136 3 GPP2 WCDMA + GSM DECT cdma2000 + ANSI-41 TD-CDMA

Operators Harmonization Group

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 8 On optimization of 3Gcellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 OPERATORS HARMONIZATION AGREEMENT

WCDMA cdma2000 Unpaired spectrum Radio access - family of 3G FDD mode 1 FDD mode 2 TDD mode CDMAmodes direct sequence multicarrier

Flexible connection between RTT modes and core networks based on operators' needs

Core network Evolved Evolved - family of 3G GSM/MAP ANSI-41 systems

Core network Network-to-network - 3G inter-family interface roaming

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 9 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

3G RADIO INTERFACE STANDARDIZATION

FDD:W-CDMA W-TDMA TDD:TD-CDMA Europe TD-CDMA W-CDMA

UMTS/W-CDMA

Japan W-CDMA

Wideband Cdma 2000 CDMA US TDMA UWC - 136

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 10 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 IMT-2000 TERRESTRIAL RADIO INTERFACES

IMT - 2000

IMT-DS IMT-MC IMT-TC IMT-SC IMT-FT

CDMA TDMA FDMA

IMT-DS (Direct Spread)=W-CDMA (FDD) IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)=cdma 2000 IMT-TC (Time-Code)=UMTS TDD, TD-SCDMA IMT-SC (Single Carrier)=UWC-136 IMT-FT (Frequency Time)=DECT

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 11 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

MIGRATION SCENARIOS TOWARDS 3G NETWORKS

2G 2.5G 3G

TDMA IS-136B/HS GPRS UWC-136 EDGE GPRS EGPRS GSM HSCSD UMTS 3GPP ECSD TD-CDMA OHG IMT2000 3GPP2 1 EXTREME CDMA 2000 HDR CDMA one IS-95

IS-95B

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 12 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

EVOLUTION OF THE IS-95 AIR STANDARD

•IS-95-A – Standardized by Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in July 1993. Networks utilizing IS-95 CDMA air interface and ANSI-41 network protocol are branded as cdmaOne networks. IS-95 networks use one or more 1.25MHz carriers, operate on 800 and 1900MHz bands. Data rates of up to 14.4kb/s and soft handoffs are supported. •IS-95-B – Improvements for hard-handoff algorithms in multicarrier environments and in parameters that affect the control of soft handoffs. Higher data rates of up to 115kb/s can be supported by bundling up to eight 14.4 or 9.6 kb/s data channels. • Cdma2000 – Developed to support 3G services. This standard is divided into two phases: • Cdma2000 1X – 1X stands for standard carrier (1.25MHz) at air interface. It delivers twice the voice capacity of cdmaOne with average data rates of 144kb/s. • Cdma2000 3X – 3X stands to signify 3x1.25MHz with data rates of up to 2Mb/s

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 13 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

TIMELINE FOR EVOLVING CDMA TO 3G CAPABILITIES

Layered Media gateways architecture MSC servers

High-speed data ATM and IP cdma2000 3X/ International roaming backbone DS-41 RBS

Advanced voice/data cdma 2000 1x services RBS 3G BSC mobile IP/secure data PCN

Efficient data delivery Jambala WAP Advanced user features and HLR IWF High reliability MSC ATM switches IP routers

Capacity and coverage expansion IOS BSS Low cost

4Q99 2Q00 1H01 2H02 2H03 Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 14 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

EVOLUTION OF THE TDMA AIR STANDARD

• TDMA (TIA/EIA-136) – This standard includes EIA-553 and IS-54 systems • IS-136HS – For satisfying requirements for IMT-2000, the Universal Wireless Communication Consortium (UWCC) proposed the 136 High-Speed (136HS) radio interface. • EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) – In January 1998, UWCC adopted EDGE as outdoor component of 136HS. EDGE was thus included in UWC-136 IMT-2000 proposal. It provides 384 kb/s data services and comprises two phases: • Phase I emphasizes enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) and enhanced circuit-switched data (ECSD) • Phase II is defined to include improvements for multimedia and real-time support

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 15 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 Model for an EGPRS/136 network integrated into a TIA/EIA-136 circuit- switched network through an SGSN gateway MSC/VLR

ANSI-41 C-D HLR/AC N

C-D E M ANSI-41 ANSI-41 Q ANSI-41 Serving Gateway SME MC/OTAF MSC/VLR MSC/VLR

Signaling interface C SMS-GMSC Signaling and GPRS SM-SC data-transfer HLR SMS-IWMSC interface Gs Gd Gr R Um Gb Gc PDN TE TE MT BSS SGSN GGSN Gn Gi Gn Gf Gp EIR SGSN GGSN

Other PLMN

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 16 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

EVOLUTION OF THE GSM AIR STANDARD

• GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) • GSM + standard – Enables packet mode extensions to GSM using the same air interface but with a new physical channel. It could be done through the following three possibilities: • HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data Service) • GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) (and EGPRS) • EDGE • UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) – European version of IMT-2000 which is composed of a core network (CN)

connected with interface (Iu) to the radio access network called the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). This standard supports W-CDMA in two versions:FDD (frequency-division duplex) and TDD (time-division duplex).

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 17 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 GPRS ARCHITECTURE

Radio Subsystem Switching Subsystem

Base Station Subsystem BSS

MSC

Gs - Interface BTS Gr - Interface MS

BSC SGSN GGSN

Gn - Interface

Gj - Interface

Gp - Interface BTS MS

Other PLMN PDN

BSC

SSGR – Serving GPRS Support Node

Gb - Interface MS BTS GGSN- Gateway GPRS Support Node

Radio Interface Abis - Interface

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 18 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

COMPARISON OF GSM + STANDARDS

Max. Typical Circuit-switched HW-Upgrade Name Bandwidth Application Pro’s and Con’s packet-switched Required? (kbit/s) Environment

Rural and urban, + Available now HSCSD 57.6 CS No mobile and stationary - Expensive for subscriber

++ Being online Mostly urban, permanently GPRS 115 PS Yes mobile and ++ Charging based on stationary volume

Urban, ++ Top speed EDGE 384 PS+CS Extensive mostly stationary -- Extensive HW-upgrade

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 19 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 UMTS (3GPP) ARCHITECTURE RELEASE ’99 (R3) This release supports WCDMA access and ATM-based transport

Core net

G GSM b RSS IP Um Gi E-SGSN E-GGSN IP Packet domain MS lu-ps HLR Radio A

PSTN ISDN Uu E-VMSC E-GMSC Circuit domain UTRAN STM lu-cs

Transport Control

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 20 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

UTRAN ARCHITECTURE

Iu Iu RNS RNS Iur SRNC DRNC CRNC CRNC b Iu b Iu Iu b Iu b

Node B Node B Node B Node B Node B Node B

u U

Uu UE UTRAN – UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network RNS – Radio Network Subsystems RNC- Radio Network Controller

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 21 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

UMTS R3 is composed of the UTRAN attached to two separate core network domains:

• Circuit switched domain based on enhanced GSM MSCs consists of the following network elements: – 2G/3G mobile-services switching center including the VLR functionality – HLR with AC (Authentication Center) functionality

• Packet switched domain built on enhanced GPRS support nodes consists of: – 2G/3G serving GPRS support node with subscriber location register (SGR) functionality – Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) – Border gateway

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 22 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 UMTS (3GPP) ARCHITECTURE RELEASE 00 It is split into R4 (00) and R5(00+) defining two RAN technologies: GPRS/EDGE radio access network (GERAN) and W-CDMA as in R3

Applications & Legacy mobile Services*) signalling Network

Alternative Access Network R-SGW*) SCP Other PLMN Ms Mm Multimedia IP SGSN CAP Networks Cx CSCF Mg GGSN Gn HSS*) Mr T-SGW*) Gp MGCF Gr MRF Gi Gi PDN/ Internet s R Um lu-p Gn Gi TE MT GERAN SGSN lu GGSN

R Uu 1 TE MT UTRAN lu Nb PSTN/ Legacy/ MGW MGW Externat

M lu 2 c

Nc GMSC T-SGW lu1=lucs(RTP,AAL2) MSC server server lu2=lu(RANAP)

Signalling interface

Signalling and Data Transfer interface

*) those elements are duplicated for figure layout purpose only, they belong to the same logical element in the reference model

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 23 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 EVOLUTION PATHS FOR MIGRATION TO UMTS R5

CSCF MGCF

MRF lu-ps E-MPSN IP

Gi IP

MGW Gi UTRAN E-SGSN IP E-GGSN PSTN/ISDN lu-ps MGW MGW VoIP/VoATM

lu-cs VMSC server GMSC server

R5 introduces All-IP environment including: •Transport: utilization of the IP transport and connectivity with QoS throughout the network •End-user services: with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) possibilities to offer wide range of totally new services Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 24 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

GSM MIGRATION PHASES

2G 2.5G 3G R99(R3) 3G R00 (R4) 3GR00+ (R5)

UTRAN SS7 over IP W-CDMA GSM GPRS IP RAN IP Multimedia services CORE MSC split un Server New entities in the Core PS Domain - Data and Gateway SIP Call Model CS Domain - Voice MAP MAP CAMEL Ph3 CAMEL Ph4

Phase 1 - GSM CS Voice and Data Phase 2 - GPRS Overlay Network Phase 3 - UMTS R99 Phase 4 - All IP UMTS R00 Phase 5 - IP Multi-media (IM)

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 25 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

MIGRATION OF GSM TO UMTS

GSM Phase 2 GSM Phase 2+ UMTS

Multiple access FDMA/TDMA FDMA/TDMA TDMA/CDMA

Max. bit arte 9.6 kbit/s 64 kb/s; 115kb/s 384 kb/s; 2 Mb/s

Speech Full rate (FR) Enhanced full rate (EFR), transcoder Adaptive multirate (AMR) quality free operation (TFO) Capacity 900 MHz Tri-band (900, 1800, 1900 MHz) 2000MHz, spectrum efficiency

Seamless global roaming in Roaming International roaming Global roaming multiradio environments and applications areas Authentication, encryption Fraud information gathering, SS7 Enhanced authentication and Security security, lawful interception (LI) user identity confidentiality, network domain security Bearers Circuit-switched bearers 64 kbit/s circuit bearer, packet bearers by Circuit- and packet-switched General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) bearers, real-time packet bearer

Speech and low-speed circuit- Service customization, service Full Internet capability, speech, Services switched data, supplementary portability, value-added services, mobile data, multimedia, virtual home services, short message Internet access, and Web-like environment (VHE) service information service

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 26 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES FOR 3G SYSTEMS

When choosing an adequate approach in 3G systems deployment, the following elements have to be considered: – network type (private-public), – coverage (local-global), – mobility (low-high), – data traffic (low-high), – types of services (basic-multimedia).

Thus, two approaches may be identified: Scenario 1 – innovative, applied through implementation of the completely new 3G network Scenario 2 – evolutionary, applied through migration (upgrade) of already existing 2G or 2G+ network

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 27 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO No.1

In this type of scenario the following versions may appear:

! SCENARIO No.1(a): All-round 3G network is implemented where no 2G network exists both in terms of deployment area and the transmission rate

! SCENARIO No.1(b): Complement 3G network is implemented in the region with already existing 2G network(s) in a way that it could be: • Area-complement – 3G covers the whole range of the transmission rate and is located in the position not covered by 2G networks in the terms of the deployment area • Rate-complement – 3G covers the whole range of the deployment area and is located in the position not covered by 2G networks in terms of the transmission rate.

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 28 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 COMPARISON OF SCENARIOS No.1(a) AND No.1(b)

All-round-type Complement- scenario type scenarios

Transmission bit rate From lower to higher Higher rate rates Mobility From static to Cellular mobility cellular mobility Deployment Area From pico to macro Micro and macro cells cells Network interface If necessary Indispensable

System roaming If necessary Indispensable

Radio interface Single Multiple

Mobile terminal mode Single Multiple

Security Whole system Core network

Billing/charging Unified system Multiple systems

Core network Customized Transparent

Service provider Single Multiple

2G, 3G and other Overlap Complement mobile systems

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 29 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO No.2

There are two possible ways for mobile operators to migrate from 2G (2G+) to 3G:

! Scenario No.2(a): Existing 2G or 2G+ core network could be upgraded for 3G use. In this case 2G and 3G networks share the same core infrastructure. ! Scenario No.2(b): Independent 3G core network could be implemented completely independent from the existing 2G core infrastructure.

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 30 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

SCENARIO No.2 (a) – COMMON CORE NETWORK FOR 2G AND 3G

IN Platform UMTS Iub BS UMTS Iu Camel UMTS RNC UMTS TE BS ISUP BTS A ISDN Iu Map MSC/VLR GSM Abis HLR BTS GSM GSM/GPRS GSM BSC Gb Map Internet TE BTS BTS Gi GSM Abis Gn Internet BTS GSM A SGSN GSM BSC GSM TE BTS GGSN BTS RAN Subsystem CN Subsystem

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 31 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

SCENARIO No.2 (b) – INDEPENDENT 2G AND 3G CORE NETWORKS

UMTS Iub ISUP BS UMTS Iu 3G MSC/VLR Camel UMTS RNC ISDN UMTS TE BS Iu BTS ISUP

GSM Abis 3G SGSN HLR BTS GSM A GSM/GPRS GSM BSC Map Internet TE BTS Gi BTS Gb 2G MSC/VLR Gn GSM Abis Internet BTS GSM A Gn GSM BSC GSM TE BTS 2G SGSN GGSN BTS RAN Subsystem CN Subsystem

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 32 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

IMPACTS OF SCENARIOS No.2 ON EXISTING 2G NETWORKS

• SCENARIO No.2(a): – Re-dimension of the existing core network to be able to support 3G broadband services – Optimize transmission network for a suitable traffic mix – Network management system

• SCENARIO No.2(b): – 2G and 3G networks have minimum impact on each other

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 33 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 OPTIMAL SCENARIO No.2 IMPLEMENTATION

Voice (Existing GSM Network) Data

Deploy GPRS Deploy fully switched Network Virtual Transit Network with SS7 interworking

Deploy IP Core

Migrate Internal Deploy 3G IT infrastructure Access & Core Common IP Core Network for voice&data services

Common Core Based on MPLS

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 34 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 Abbreviations

• 3GPP - Third generation partnership project • AAA - Authentication, authorization and accounting • AC - Authentication center • AMPS - Advanced mobile phone service • ANSI - American National Standards Institute • ATM - Asynchronous transfer mode • BSC - Base station controller • BSS - Base station subsystem • BTS - Base transceiver station • CDMA - Code division multiple access • CN - Core network • CSCF - Call state control function • CRNC - Controlling part of RNC • DECT - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone system • DRNC - Drift RNC • EGPRS- Enhanced GPRS • EIR - Equipment identification register • E-SGSN- Enhanced SGSN • E-GGSN-Enhanced GGSN • E-VMSC-Enhanced visited MSC • E-MPSN- Enhanced mobile packet service node Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 35 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 Abbreviations

• FDD - Frequency division duplex • GERAN- GPRS radio access network • GGSN - Gateway GPRS support node • GMSC - Gateway MSC • GPRS - General packet radio service • GSM - Global system for mobile communication • HLR - Home location register • HSCSD- High-speed circuit switched data service • IP - Internet protocol • IWF - Interworking function • IWMSC- Interworking MSC • MAP - Mobile application part • MGW - Media gateway • MGCF - Media gateway control function • MPLS - Multi protocol label switching • MS - Mobile subscriber • MT - Mobile terminal • PDC - Personal digital cellular system • PDSN - Packet data service node • PHS - Personal handyphone system

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 36 On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001 Abbreviations

• RAN - Radio access network • RNC - Radio network controller • RNS - Radio network subsystem • SCP - Service control point • SGSN - Serving GPRS support node • SIP - Session initiation protocol • SMS - Short message service • SRNC - Serving RNC • STM - Synchronous transfer mode • TDD - Time division duplex • TDMA - Time division multiple access • TE - Terminal equipment • UE - User equipment • UMTS - Universal mobile telecommunication system • UTRAN-UMTS terrestrial radio access • UWC - Universal wireless communication system • VLR - Visitor location register • WAP - Wireless application protocol • WCDMA-Wideband CDMA

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 37