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1 British Gallantry Awards

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Chapter 17 30 October 2017 BRITISH MILITARY GALLANTRY CROSSES Page 002 Military Cross MC 004 Distinguished Service Cross DSC 006 Distinguished Flying Cross DFC 009 Air Force Cross AFC 011 Distinguished Service Cross – Awards to Canadians DSC 114 Distinguished Flying Cross – Awards to Canadians DFC 139 Air Force Cross – Awards to Canadians AFC 1 MILITARY CROSS MC TERMS The Military Cross may be awarded to Commissioned Officers of the substantive rank of Captain or below (therefore Acting and Temporary Majors were eligible) or Warrant Officers for distinguished and meritorious services in battle. In 1920, the terms were altered to clearly state that the award was for gallant and distinguished services in action and that naval and air Force officers could be awarded the cross for gallant and distinguished services on the ground. (Changed to all ranks eligible in 1994) DESCRIPTION A plain silver cross, 45-mm across. 1 OBVERSE On each arm of the cross is an Imperial Crown and in the centre of the cross is the Imperial and Royal Cypher of the reigning sovereign (GV, GVI, EIIR). REVERSE The reverse is plain with the year of the award engraved on the lower arm after 1938. MOUNTING The ring welded to the top of the cross is joined to the plain straight suspender ring by a small ring (3 rings). RIBBON The watered white ribbon (35-mm) has a central purple stripe (13-mm wide). DATES The Military Cross was established on 28 December 1914. 1 Photo from Liverpool Medals – King George V 2 ISSUED A total of 3,727 have gone to Canadians, with 324 first bars, and 18 second bars. WW1 - 2885 to Canadian Army 294 1st bars 16 2nd bars - 2 to Cdn in British Army 1 1st bar - 120 to Cdn in RAF/RFC 16 1st bars 1 2nd bar WW2 - 678 to Canadian Army 13 1st bars 1 2nd bar - 2 to Cdn in British Army no bars - 5 to RCAF for WW2 - 2 to Canadians in the RAF Korea - 33 to Canadian Army no bars 2 2 Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Victor Matthews, SBStJ, MC and Bar, CD – Canadian Scottish Museum Danny McLeod, MC, - Everitas Royal Military College) (Centre top phoso) Honorary Major Stewart Bland East, MBE, MC, - 48th Highlanders Museum Lieutenant-Colonel Rowan Curry Coleman, DSO, MC - PPCLI Museum Captain Kenneth Albert Wharton, MC – Royal Hamilton Light Infantry Museum 3 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS DSC TERMS Originally designated the Conspicuous Service Cross (1901-1914), the Distinguished Service Cross was to naval personnel, from Warrant Officer to Lieutenant, for the performance of meritorious or distinguished services before the enemy. In 1939, Commanders and Lieutenant- Commanders were also made eligible for the DSC. Members of the air force or army serving with the fleet were also eligible. BAR Bars are awarded for the performance of subsequent acts of service before the enemy. The slip-on bar is silver, with a crown in the centre, and is convex at the ends of the arms. Beginning during WWII, the year of the award has been engraved on the back. DESCRIPTION A plain silver cross pattee, convex and 40-mm across. OBVERSE The obverse shows the Royal Cypher on the circular central medallion surmounted by a crown. The cyphers GV, GVI and EIIR have been used for Canadian awards. REVERSE The reverse is plain, with the year of the award engraved on the lower arm. MOUNTING A large ring (19-mm in diameter) is linked to a small ring welded to the top arm. RIBBON The ribbon is 35-mm wide and consists of 3 equal stripes: navy blue, white, and navy blue. A rosette is worn in undress to signify a bar. 4 DATES The award was originally established in June 1901 as the Conspicuous Service Cross and changed to Distinguished Service Cross in October 1914. ISSUED A total of 197 DSCs have been awarded to Canadians, with 34 first bars and five second bars. 3 WW1 1 - Royal Canadian Navy 0 First Bars WW1 6 - Canadians in the RN 1 First Bar WW1 55 - Canadians in the FAA 13 First Bars 2 2nd Bars WW2 121 - Royal Canadian Navy 17 First Bars 3 2nd Bars WW2 5 - Canadians in the RN 2 First Bars KOREA 9 - Royal Canadian Navy 1 First Bar (to a WW2 DSC) TOTALS 197 - DSCs to Canadians 34 First Bars 5 2nd Bars 3 Lieutenant-Commander Cornelius (“Cornie”) Burke, DSC & 2 bars, RCNVR Lieutenant Thomas (“Tommy”) Ladner, DSC & Bar, RCNVR Lieutenant-Commander John Douglas (“Doug”) Maitland, DSC & Bar, RCNVR Known as the Three Muskateers from Vancouver – these three groups of medals are on display in the HMCS Discovery Museum in Vancouver Commander Henry Beatie Bell-Irving, DSC & Bar (WWI) Commander William Roland Stacy, DSC, Commanding Officer, HMCS Discovery – Photo & Medals – note WWI Mercantile Marine Medal 5 DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS DFC TERMS The cross is awarded to Officers and Warrant Officers for an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty performed whilst flying in active operations against the enemy. BAR The slip-on type, straight silver bar with an eagle in the centre, is awarded for a further act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty performed whilst flying in active operations against the enemy. The year of the award is engraved on the back of the bar. DESCRIPTION A cross flory, 54-mm wide, with the horizontal and base bars terminated with bombs, the upper bar with a rose. OBVERSE Aeroplane propellers are superimposed upon the vertical arms of the cross. Within a central winged roundel which is encircled by a wreath of laurels and surmounted by an Imperial Crown, appear the letters RAF. The wings of the roundel fall upon the horizontal arms of the cross. REVERSE In the central circle, the Royal Cypher (GV, GVI, EIIR) above the date 1918. The year of issue is engraved on the lower arm. MOUNTING The straight bar has two sprigs of laurel at the bottom which form a slot for a linking ring to attach it to the small ring at the top of the medal. RIBBON The ribbon is 32-mm wide, and consists of alternating violet and white stripe (3-mm wide) leaning to the left at 45 degrees from the vertical. The violet colour is to appear in the bottom left and upper right corners when viewed on the wearer's chest. Until 1919, the stripes were horizontal. 6 NAMING The DFC is issued unnamed with only the year engraved on the lower arm of the medal. One Canadian medal was named as current practice is to name medals and thus F/L Hasler’s medal is named. DATES The award was established on 03 June 1918, the birthday of King George V Birthday. ISSUED A total of 4,461 have been awarded to Canadian plus 256 first bars and 6 second bars. (* RAF/RAAF/RNZAF not in total for Canadians) WW1 - 193 to Canadians in the RAF - 9 1st bars WW2 - 4018 to RCAF - 213 1st bars / 6 2nd bars WW2 - 247 to Cdns in the RAF - 34 1st bars WW2 - 358 to RAF/RAAF/RNZAF in RCAF - 23 1st bars * Korea - 2 (one to RCAF and one to Canadian Army) 2008 - 1 (Canadian in the RAF flying a Chinook helicopter) EXAMPLE Flight Lieutenant Christopher Michael HASLER, DFC, RAF (8305077T) He was born in Alberta and raised in Bedford, Nova Scotia. After graduating from high school, he was turned down by the Canadian Forces as a pilot and joined the Royal Air Force. He was the first Canadian to receive a DFC since Korea – the award was announced in the London Gazette of 15 December 2006. After a relatively peaceful stint in Iraq in 2004, F/L Hasler was sent to Afghanistan in summer 2006 for a two-month tour as the captain of a Chinook. “On 7 July 2006 F/L Hasler, while operating in the Sangin area, elected to land in an 'unlikely site' to achieve surprise in an area where the enemy were operating. Delivering stores and troops he landed in a site surrounded on three sides by buildings and to allow another aircraft into the site was required to position the spinning rotor blades just above a single story rooftop - any error would have almost certainly resulted in catastrophic damage to the aircraft. On 14 July on another sortie Flt Lt Hasler demonstrated tremendous bravery and commitment when skillfully landing his aircraft while under small arms and rocket propelled grenade attack thus allowing troops to disembark and reinforce other ground troops already under significant threat from Taliban forces.” 7 DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS GROUPS DFC 4 4 Flight Lieutenant Ernest Arthur Glover, DFC, CD (USA DFC Korea) - Squadron Leader James Francis Edwards, DFC & Bar DFM, CD, 274 Squadron Flight Lieutenant Rooney Hodgins DFC, 443 (RCAF) Squadron - Squadron Leaders (later BGen) Jack Vincent Watts, DSO, DFC & Bar, CD, RCAF Squadron Leader Everett Large Badoux, DSO, SBStJ, DFC, CD – Flying Officer Paul Charles Eugene Lafond, DFC, RCAF Air Vice-Marshal Raymond Collishaw, CB, DSO & Bar, OBE, DSC, DFC (Canadian in Royal Air Force) – Medals bottom right 8 AIR FORCE CROSS AFC TERMS The cross is awarded to Officers and Warrant Officers for an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty performed whilst flying, but not in active operations against an enemy. BAR The straight slip-on silver bar with an eagle in the centre is awarded for an additional act which would have warranted the AFC. The year of the award is engraved on the back of the bar. DESCRIPTION A silver cross, (41-mm across), shaped as a thunderbolt in the form of a cross, the arms conjoined by wings, the bottom arm terminates with a bomb.
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