Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (Aaa)

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YOUR VASCULAR HEALTH ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM (AAA) What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)? Normal The aorta, the largest artery in your body, runs from your heart, down through your chest, and into your abdomen. The abdominal region of the aorta is responsible for delivering blood to your legs, GI tract and kidneys. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs when the wall of the aorta progressively weakens and begins to bulge. An AAA may continue to enlarge and eventually rupture if left untreated, causing severe internal bleeding and possibly death. Nearly 200,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with AAA annually; approximately 15,000 die each year from a ruptured AAA. In addition to concerns about rupture, clots or debris may also develop within an AAA. These substances can be carried to other areas in the body and block circulation, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm causing severe pain or possibly limb loss if blood flow is cut off for too long. AAA can be safely treated with early diagnosis; however, most patients have no symptoms. Causes and risk factors Most aortic aneurysms are caused by a breakdown in the proteins that provide structural strength to the wall of the aorta. Some risk factors that contribute to this structural breakdown include: • Age-individuals over 60 years are most likely to develop the condition Symptoms • Gender-males are more prone to the condition than females Most people feel no symptoms, and an • History of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) AAA is often detected when tests are conducted for other unrelated reasons. • Family history of AAA Those who do have symptoms • Smoking commonly describe back pain, pulsations in the abdomen, groin pain • High blood pressure or sometimes sores on the feet. • Chronic lung disease Society for F oun a ion For more information visit Vascular.org I Vascular Sur g erY I d t· ® Svs SVS Copyright© 2018, Society for Vascular Surgery . All rights reserved. .

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Circulating the Facts About Peripheral Vascular Disease
Abdominal Arterial Disease Circulating the Facts About Peripheral Vascular Disease Brought to you by the Education Committee of the Society for Vascular Nursing 1 www.svnnet.org Circulating the Facts for Peripheral Artery Disease: ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM-Endovascular Repair Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Objectives: Define Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Identify the risk factors Discuss medical management and surgical repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Unit 1: Review of Aortic Anatomy Unit 2: Definition of Aortic Aneurysm Unit 3: Risk factors for Aneurysms Unit 4: Types of aneurysms Unit 5: Diagnostic tests for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Unit 6: Goals Unit 7: Treatment Unit 8: Endovascular repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Unit 9: Complications Unit 10: Post procedure care 1 6/2014 Circulating the Facts for Peripheral Artery Disease: ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM-Endovascular Repair Unit 1: Review of Abdominal Aortic Anatomy The abdominal aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body and directs oxygenated blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This provides necessary food and oxygen to all body cells. The abdominal aorta contains the celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, renal and iliac arteries. It begins at the diaphragm and ends at the iliac artery branching. Unit 2: Definition of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Normally, the lining of an artery is strong and smooth, allowing for blood to flow easily through it. The arterial wall consists of three layers. A true aneurysm involves dilation of all three arterial wall layers. Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur over time due to changes of the arterial wall. The wall of the artery weakens and enlarges like a balloon (aneurysm).
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs when atherosclerosis or plaque buildup causes the walls of the abdominal aorta to become weak and bulge outward like a balloon. An AAA develops slowly over time and has few noticeable symptoms. The larger an aneurysm grows, the more likely it will burst or rupture, causing intense abdominal or back pain, dizziness, nausea or shortness of breath. Your doctor can confirm the presence of an AAA with an abdominal ultrasound, abdominal and pelvic CT or angiography. Treatment depends on the aneurysm's location and size as well as your age, kidney function and other conditions. Aneurysms smaller than five centimeters in diameter are typically monitored with ultrasound or CT scans every six to 12 months. Larger aneurysms or those that are quickly growing or leaking may require open or endovascular surgery. What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm? The aorta, the largest artery in the body, is a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. It originates just after the aortic valve connected to the left side of the heart and extends through the entire chest and abdomen. The portion of the aorta that lies deep inside the abdomen, right in front of the spine, is called the abdominal aorta. Over time, artery walls may become weak and widen. An analogy would be what can happen to an aging garden hose. The pressure of blood pumping through the aorta may then cause this weak area to bulge outward, like a balloon (called an aneurysm). An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA, or "triple A") occurs when this type of vessel weakening happens in the portion of the aorta that runs through the abdomen.
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Risk Factors in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Aortoiliac Occlusive
OPEN Risk factors in abdominal aortic SUBJECT AREAS: aneurysm and aortoiliac occlusive PHYSICAL EXAMINATION RISK FACTORS disease and differences between them in AORTIC DISEASES LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION the Polish population Joanna Miko ajczyk-Stecyna1, Aleksandra Korcz1, Marcin Gabriel2, Katarzyna Pawlaczyk3, Received Grzegorz Oszkinis2 & Ryszard S omski1,4 1 November 2013 Accepted 1Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, 60-479, Poland, 2Department of Vascular Surgery, Poznan 18 November 2013 University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-848, Poland, 3Department of Hypertension, Internal Medicine, and Vascular Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-848, Poland, 4Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of the Poznan Published University of Life Sciences, Poznan, 60-632, Poland. 18 December 2013 Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) are multifactorial vascular Correspondence and disorders caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to define risk factors of AAA and AIOD in the Polish population and indicate differences between diseases. requests for materials should be addressed to J.M.-S. he total of 324 patients affected by AAA and 328 patients affected by AIOD was included. Previously (joannastecyna@wp. published population groups were treated as references. AAA and AIOD risk factors among the Polish pl) T population comprised: male gender, advanced age, myocardial infarction, diabetes type II and tobacco smoking. This study allowed defining risk factors of AAA and AIOD in the Polish population and could help to develop diagnosis and prevention. Characteristics of AAA and AIOD subjects carried out according to clinical data described studied disorders as separate diseases in spite of shearing common localization and some risk factors.
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm –
Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms – AAA Information for Patients and Carers This leaflet tells you about treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Repair of an AAA is a surgical procedure that is usually carried out when the risk of an AAA rupturing (bursting) is higher than the risk of an operation. Your aneurysm may have reached a size at which surgery is considered the best option for you. This leaflet provides information about your options for treatment. It is not meant to be a substitute for discussion with your Vascular Specialist Team. What is the aorta? The aorta is the largest artery (blood vessel) in the body. It carries blood from the heart and descends through the chest and the abdomen. Many arteries come off the aorta to supply blood to all parts of the body. At about the level of the pelvis the aorta divides into two iliac arteries, one going to each leg. What is an aneurysm and an abdominal aortic aneurysm? An aneurysm occurs when the wall of a blood vessel is weakened and balloons out. In the aorta this ballooning makes the wall weaker and more likely to burst. Aneurysms can occur in any artery, but they most commonly occur in the section of the aorta that passes through the abdomen. These are known as abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). What causes an AAA? The exact reason why an aneurysm forms in the aorta in most cases is not clear. Aneurysms can affect people of any age and both sexes. However, they are most common in men, people with high blood pressure (hypertension) and those over the age of 65.
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The Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysms
J Hum Genet (2006) 51:587–594 DOI 10.1007/s10038-006-0407-4 MINIREVIEW Boris Krischek Æ Ituro Inoue The genetics of intracranial aneurysms Received: 20 February 2006 / Accepted: 24 March 2006 / Published online: 31 May 2006 Ó The Japan Society of Human Genetics and Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) neurovascular diseases. Its most frequent cause is the leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden onset rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA), which is an disease that can lead to severe disability and death. Sev- outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery. eral risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and Initial diagnosis is usually evident on a cranial computer excessive alcohol intake are associated with subarachnoid tomography (CT) showing extravasated (hyperdense) hemorrhage. IAs, ruptured or unruptured, can be treated blood in the subarachnoid space. In a second step, the either surgically via a craniotomy (through an opening in gold standard of diagnostic techniques to detect the the skull) or endovascularly by placing coils through a possible underlying ruptured aneurysm is intra-arterial catheter in the femoral artery. Even though the etiology digital subtraction angiography and additional three- of IA formation is mostly unknown, several studies dimensional (3D) rotational angiography (panels A and support a certain role of genetic factors. In reports so far, B in Fig. 1). Recently non-invasive diagnostic imaging genome-wide linkage studies suggest several susceptibil- modalities are becoming increasingly sophisticated. 3D ity loci that may contain one or more predisposing genes. CT angiography and 3D magnetic resonance angiogra- Studies of several candidate genes report association with phy allow less invasive methods to reliably depict IAs IAs.
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Aortocaval Fistula: a Rare Cause Ofparadoxical Pulmonary Embolism J.E
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.70.820.122 on 1 February 1994. Downloaded from Postgrad Med J (1994) 70, 122- 123 © The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 1994 Aortocaval fistula: a rare cause ofparadoxical pulmonary embolism J.E. Bridger Histopathology Department, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS, UK Summary: An 83 year old woman died suddenly from a paradoxical pulmonary embolus which had originated in an abdominal aortic aneurysm and embolised via an aortocaval fistula. This lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of embolic disease. Introduction Paradoxical emboli are uncommon and usually hypertension. There was a saccular abdominal associated with cardiac septal defect. Origin of the aortic aneurysm, 8 cm diameter, which arose below embolus from an aortic aneurysm sac with passage the origin of the renal arteries. An aortocaval via an aortocaval fistula is rare with only two cases fistula was present, measuring 2.5 by 1 cm, and a found in the literature. One case occurred in a 60 thrombus could be seen protruding through into copyright. year old man who presented with intractable the inferior vena cava (Figure 1). There was no cardiac failure;' pulmonary angiography demon- evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy; the strated emboli and aortography showed an aorto- coronary arteries showed moderate athero- caval fistula which was successfully repaired. Mas- sclerosis. sive embolism has also occurred during surgery on an aortic aneurysm with a preoperative angio- graphic diagnosis of fistula.2 There appears to be no similar case to that Discussion presented now in which paradoxical embolism http://pmj.bmj.com/ caused sudden death in a previously asymptomatic Most paradoxical emboli pass from the venous side individual.
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Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute
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Cerebral Aneurysm
CEREBRAL ANEURYSM An aneurysm is a weak or thin spot on the • Atherosclerosis and other vascular wall of an artery that bulges out into a diseases. thin bubble. As it gets bigger, the wall may • Cigarette smoking. weaken and burst. • Drug abuse. A cerebral aneurysm, also known as an intracranial or intracerebral aneurysm, • Heavy alcohol consumption. occurs in the brain. Most are located along a loop of arteries that run between the SYMPTOMS underside of the brain and the base of the Most cerebral aneurysms do not show skull. symptoms until they burst or become very large. A larger aneurysm that is growing There are three main types of cerebral may begin pressing on nerves and tissue. aneurysm. A saccular aneurysm, the most Symptoms may include pain behind the eye, common type, is a pouch-like sac of blood numbness, weakness or vision changes. that is attached to an artery or blood vessel. A lateral aneurysm appears as a bulge on When an aneurysm hemorrhages, the most one wall of the blood vessel, and a fusiform common symptom is a sudden, extremely aneurysm is formed by the widening along severe headache. Other signs and symptoms blood vessel walls. include: • Nausea and vomiting. RISK FACTORS • Stiff neck. Ruptured aneurysms occur in about 30,000 • Blurred or double vision. individuals per year in the U.S. They can occur in anyone at any age. They are more • Seizure. common in adults and slightly more • Sensitivity to light. common in women. • Weakness. Aneurysms can be a result of an inborn • A dropping eyelid.
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Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection in Wallenberg Syndrome
Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection in Wallenberg Syndrome T. Hosoya, N. Watanabe, K. Yamaguchi, H. Kubota, andY. Onodera PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of vertebral artery dissection in Wallenberg syndrome. METHODS: Sixteen patients (12 men, 4 women; mean age at ictus, 51 .6 years) with symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome and an infarction demonstrated in the lateral medulla on MR were reviewed retrospectively. The study items were as follows: (a) headache as clinical signs, in particular, occipitalgia and/ or posterior neck pain at ictus; (b) MR findings, such as intramural hematoma on T1-weighted images, intimal flap on T2-weighted images, and double lumen on three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in a steady state with gadopentetate dimeglumine; (c) direct angiographic findings of dissection, such as double lumen, intimal flap, and resolution of stenosis on follow-up angiography; and (d) indirect angiographic findings of dissection (such as string sign, pearl and string sign, tapered narrowing, etc). Patients were classified as definite dissection if they had reliable MR findings (ie, intramural hematoma, intimal flap, and enhancement of wall and septum) and/ or direct angiographic findings; as probable dissection if they showed both headache and suspected findings (ie, double lumen on 3-D spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in a steady state or indirect angiographic findings) ; and as suspected dissection in those with only headache or suspected findings. RESULTS: Seven of 16 patients were classified as definite dissection, 3 as probable dissection, and 3 as suspected dissection. Four patients were considered to have bilateral vertebral artery dissection on the basis of MR findings. CONCLUSIONS: Vertebral artery dissection is an important cause of Wallenberg syndrome.
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Peripheral Artery Disease and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: the Forgotten Diseases in COVID-19 Pandemic
medicina Article Peripheral Artery Disease and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The Forgotten Diseases in COVID-19 Pandemic. Results from an Observational Study on Real-World Management Francesco Natale 1,*, Raffaele Capasso 2 , Alfonso Casalino 3, Clotilde Crescenzi 3, Paolo Sangiuolo 3, Paolo Golino 1,2, Francesco S. Loffredo 1,2,4 and Giovanni Cimmino 2,5 1 Vanvitelli Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (P.G.); [email protected] (F.S.L.) 2 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (G.C.) 3 Vascular Surgery Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (P.S.) 4 Molecular Cardiology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy 5 Cardiology Unit, Policlinico Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+39-0817064239 Abstract: Background and Objectives: It is well established that patients with peripheral artery disease Citation: Natale, F.; Capasso, R.; (PAD) as well abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Casalino, A.; Crescenzi, C.; Despite this higher risk, PAD and AAA patients are often suboptimality treated. This study assessed Sangiuolo, P.; Golino, P.; the CV profile of PAD and AAA patients, quantifying the survival benefits of target-based risk-factors Loffredo, F.S.; Cimmino, G. modification even in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: PAD and AAA patients Peripheral Artery Disease and admitted for any reason to the Vascular Unit from January 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The analyzed.
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Endovascular Management of Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms
Neurosurg Focus 18 (2):E3, 2005 Endovascular management of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms FELIPE C. ALBUQUERQUE, M.D., DAVID J. FIORELLA, M.D., PH.D., PATRICK P. HAN, M.D., VIVEK R. DESHMUKH, M.D., LOUIS J. KIM, M.D., AND CAMERON G. MCDOUGALL, M.D. Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona Object. Intracranial vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms often present with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and dramatic neurological injury. The authors reviewed the management of 23 cases in an effort to evaluate treatment efficacy and outcomes. Methods. The records of 23 patients who underwent endovascular treatment were reviewed to determine symptoms, type of therapy, complications, and clinical outcomes. All patients were evaluated using records kept in a prospectively maintained database. Ten men and 13 women (age range 35–72 years; mean age 49 years) were treated over an 8-year period. Twelve patients presented with poor-grade SAH, five with good-grade SAH, three with headache, and two with stroke. The other patient’s aneurysm was discovered incidentally. Treatment included coil occlusion of the artery at the aneurysm in 21 patients and stent-assisted coil placement in two. Parent artery sacrifice was successful in all cases, whereas both patients treated with stent-assisted coil insertion suffered recurrences. No patient sustained permanent complications as a result of treatment. Two patients died due to the severity of their original SAH. Findings were normal in 14 patients on follow-up review (including five of the 12 presenting with poor-grade SAH), five had fixed neurological deficits but were able to care for themselves, and one was permanently disabled.
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I've Pushed on with Peripheral Arterial Disease Walter Ashton ABOUT the BRITISH HEART FOUNDATION CONTENTS
I've pushed on with Peripheral arterial disease Walter Ashton ABOUT THE BRITISH HEART FOUNDATION CONTENTS As the nation’s heart charity, we have been funding About this booklet 02 cutting-edge research that has made a big difference What is peripheral arterial disease? 03 to people’s lives. What are the symptoms of peripheral 08 But the landscape of cardiovascular disease is arterial disease? changing. More people survive a heart attack than Will my peripheral arterial disease get worse? 11 ever before, and that means more people are now What causes peripheral arterial disease? 15 living with long-term heart conditions and need What tests will I need? 20 our help. What can I do to help myself? 26 Our research is powered by your support. Every What treatment might I have? 37 pound raised, every minute of your time and every Abdominal aortic aneurysm 49 donation to our shops will help make a difference Heart attack? The symptoms … and what to do to people’s lives. 56 Stroke? The symptoms … and what to do 58 If you would like to make a donation, please: For more information 59 • call our donation hotline on 0300 330 3322 Index 65 • visit bhf.org.uk/donate or Have your say 67 • post it to us at BHF Customer Services, Lyndon Place, 2096 Coventry Road, Birmingham B26 3YU. For more information, see bhf.org.uk ABOUT THIS BOOKLET WHAT IS PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE? 05 This booklet is for people with peripheral arterial Peripheral arterial disease is a condition that affects disease, and for their family and friends.
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