Information on all North Carolina Lighthouses can be found at http://www.outerbankslighthousesociety.org Lighthouses Are American History – page 5 Cape Lookout Light During the Civil War – page 7 Things You Should Know – page 12 Volume XXII Summer 2016 From State Recreational Area to National Park A Seashore Park is Born by Cheryl Shelton-Roberts istory is not done with us yet. We enjoy dis- Hcovering it while still creating it. Visiting a national park is akin to being in the past, present, and future simultaneously because we help shape the future while learning about the past. In 2016, we are witnessing milestones: The National Park Service celebrates its 100th anniversary and Cape Lookout National Seashore marks its 50th. Where the National Park Service Above: To commemorate the Centennial of the National Park concept began Service (NPS) founded in 1916, the Outer Banks History Center and the NPS, Outer Banks Group present a new The National Park Service (NPS) was founded exhibit, Explore Your Outer Banks Parks: Celebrating a August 25, 1916, and each time we step into a nation- Century of the National Park Service in the History Center al park, we see, sense, enjoy the splendor. The experi- Gallery, Manteo, NC on display through the end of 2016. ence might bring a fleeting moment of appreciation, Exhibits illustrate the establishment of Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CHNS), Fort Raleigh National Historic but we are so involved in the experience itself, we Site, and Wright Brothers National Memorial. The CHNS think little of those who made it possible. Who had was formally dedicated on April 24, 1958. The highlight of the guts, passion, stamina, endurance, and volunteer the ceremony was “Mixing the Waters” (above) from Old time to convince the government to keep developers Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone (the first National Park) with ocean water from Cape Hatteras (the first National Seashore). at bay and preserve areas for others to enjoy? A small In the picture l-r: Allyn F. Hanks, first Supt. of the group of visionaries including Theodore Roosevelt, Seashore (1954-57); Gov. Luther H. Hodges; “Mixing the Horace M. Albright, Stephen Mather, and Woodrow Waters” are Supt. Robert F. Gibbs and Rear Adm. H..C. Wilson helped create a central government agency to Moore, U.S.C.G.; former Rep. Lindsay Warren; Rep. Herbert C. Bonner and, Roger C. Ernst, Asst. Secretary of the Interior. govern our national parks. Mather is one of the more PHOTO COURTESY OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Continued on page 2 Continued from page 1 interesting key players in the formation of the NPS. for a national park on the Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific, He suffered from bouts of depression and found time and Great Lakes with a goal to preserve as much in parks helpful to restore his mental energy. Fittingly, recreational land as possible for public uses. Cape he became the NPS’s first director in 1917 and used Hatteras won first dibs as it was the least developed his network of contacts and personal wealth to head area and offered diverse resources for people to enjoy. the organized park system in new and exciting direc- Federal funding restrictions and blustery opposition tions. He paid the first staff members out of his own to the park make it a miracle that it exists. And thank pocket. Albright professionalized park superinten- goodness, because if it hadn’t been created, few could dents and rangers. Presidents Roosevelt and Wilson touch their toes in the surf or enjoy vast stretches of were champions of preserving large tracts of land in sand and unblocked sunshine, or freely visit some of favor of a no-development philosophy to keep open the state’s finest lighthouses today. spaces for every citizen and foreign visitors to enjoy. Consider this about the CHNS’s previous history: And then there were John Muir, the conserva- The first musical notes were transmitted from the tionist and naturalist, and Frederick Law Olmstead, Hatteras Weather Bureau Station near Cape Hatteras the great designer of parks and pioneer of American to Reginald A. Fessenden on Roanoke Island in 1902; landscape architecture. The depth of history involved the first SOS distress signals transmitted by a U.S. in our national parks is staggering. And it is worth ship, the Arapahoe, was off Cape Hatteras in August every minute of exploration. 1909; and Billy Mitchell sank the first warships off From sequoias to river beds to national monu- ments/memorials, the NPS has not forgotten light- houses as some of America’s most historical, beautiful, and architecturally significant pieces of history to be restored and preserved. Thirty-nine lighthouses in its inventory The NPS now holds thirty-nine lighthouses in its inventory, which includes North Carolina’s Bodie Island, Cape Hatteras, and Ocracoke Lighthouses. All three of these lights are within the boundaries of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CHNS), and although it has taken decades, each has been restored with largely NPS funds. This park is a col- lection of “firsts,” including that it is America’s first national seashore, established January 12, 1953. Its concept was born in an article written by Frank Stick, nature artist, sculptor, and father of renowned Outer Banks historian David Stick, for the Elizabeth City Independent newspaper. Written during the Depression July 21, 1933, Mr. Stick advocated a park around Cape Hatteras. In 1934, the NPS executed a three-year study of nearly two dozen potential sites 2 L IGHTHOUSE N EWS • S UMMER 2 0 1 6 Cape Hatteras in 1923 using airplanes (bombers), in fact, Cape Lookout was voted the best park beach which would strengthen our military offense and in America in 2015. Its beautiful dune system, fishing, change the course of WWII. vast and open beaches, coastal camping opportuni- ties, and wild Shackleford Banks horses are all pro- During the Centennial year, Cape Hatteras tected by federal legislation that will keep its ecosys- National Seashore’s special events range from star- tems protected from development. The park’s office gazing to a park Founders’ event on Ocracoke in is located on the mainland, but CLNS stretches from August. Each historic site within the park also has its Core Banks Island to the south where Cape Lookout own special events and programs for the centennial Lighthouse, also in the NPS’s inventory, is situated year. all the way to Portsmouth Village, fifty-six miles to the north. Absent of bridges, this stretch is reachable Cape Lookout National Seashore only by boat/ferry and traversed only on foot or four- on the Southern Outer Banks wheel-drive vehicles. In other words you’ve really got On the Southern Outer Banks is a fifty-six-mile to want to get there to reach it. Its soundside bight stretch of coastal wilderness known as Cape Lookout area is prime for overnight camping (permit needed National Seashore (CLNS). This park is celebrating for groups larger than 25), daytime sunning, kayaking its 50th year in the National Park Service. Relatively and canoeing. There’s great shelling at Cape Point. unknown to the world, it is quickly gaining attention; And the beautiful, diamond pattern first-order light- house offers a panoramic view from the top–sound to sea–that is one of the best available anywhere. The views include a peaceful look across Barden Inlet and Back Bay towards Harkers Island to Beaufort Inlet and the Atlantic Ocean at Fort Macon. The park is maintaining the lighthouse and currently has it open for climbing seasonally with volunteers and rangers on hand to share the history. What would have become of our lighthouses had the government not taken several of them over and kept them available to the public? There are some lucky situations like that at Currituck Beach Light Station that is under the care of the dedicated pri- vate non-profit group Outer Banks Conservationists, Inc. But it’s doubtful that our other lights within the national seashores would have fared as well. Thanks to visionaries and dedicated park staff/volunteers, we have two of the finest national seashores to be found anywhere. Planned programs recognize the celebratory year Special programs/events are planned through- out the year across the nation. There’s the “Call Continued on page 4 L IGHTHOUSE N EWS • S UMMER 2 0 1 6 3 Continued from page 3 The “Diamond in the Rough” Celebrates its 50th Anniversary and the NPS Centennial poster featuring the Cape Lookout Lighthouse and the Outer Banks Lighthouse Society’s winners of the 2015 Cape Lookout Lighthouse Prism Award: (l-r) Erica, Sam, Marjorie, and Dallas Spruill. PHOTO COURTESY OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE to Action” initiative and the “Every Kid in a Park” More information is at https://www.nps.gov/sub- program in which fourth-grade students can obtain jects/centennial/ and http://findyourpark.com/. And a site a free park pass to any national park in the country. dedicated to historic lighthouses within the national Current third graders can get their fourth-grade park system: https://www.nps.gov/maritime/inventories/ passes starting September 1, 2016. There are beauti- lights.htm. ful gold Commemorative Coins from the U.S. Mint The NPS Centennial Goal is to connect with and and limited edition Centennial [forever] Stamps for create the next generation of park visitors, supporters, collectors from the U.S. Postal Service. Beautiful art- and advocates. This is especially true for lighthouses. work adorns both coins and stamps; there are sixteen As we enter a second century of preserving America’s (16) stamps in 2016 with depicted parks that celebrate natural and cultural resources we must keep conser- collectively the diverse story of our country.