(2) NEWS
the International Congress in Mycological Kentucky, ofAmericaety in Lexington, and conferences in 2010(the Soci- Mycological tions with much enthusiasm. At major two organisa- andassociated with CBOL gaged communitythe has mycological noten- interests, sequencing anddiverse ecological ofDNA its Despite long history (CBOL). by the Consortium forthe ofLife Barcode taxonomic foraparticular group barcodes as accepted oftheorloci to sequences genes applyand GenBanktags only barcode will org/con established ( has been codes netic markers. Astrict setofcriteria forbar- that make them inappropriate phyloge- as unalignablesuch regions, as hypervariable fication markers and may have properties, identi- as are intendedbarcodes used tobe numerous Importantly, papers andprojects. tinue apply in toloosely the term ‘barcode’ asurpriseas to many whocon- mycologists, without aformal This barcode. may come the only Fungi groups ofeukaryotes, plants. means This all that among the major for abarcode that as genes two designated apaper (Hollingsworthlished In 2009,the plant research community pub- . H.Morchellaacerinum elata helvelloides ofZygorhynchus Zygospores Fig 1.A. heterogamous The homestretch forfungalbarcoding tent/about/what-dna-barcoding> . E. Xanthoria parietina Xanthoria ready for further processing. Photos: Keith ready forfurther Photos: processing. Seifert.
(2009) A DNA barcode for land plants. barcodeet al. (2009) A DNA for land plants. The revised wording recognizes revisedli- The wording that Molecular EcologyMolecular Resources 104: 3901–3906. servation strategies for other groups such as such groups for other servation strategies algae and fungi (including lichen-forming species)”. fungi fungi, not plants. are are and that chens also fungi recognizes possibility the that It In strategy. separate own their should have all established that Convention 1992, the right to the organisms groups of living have to planet and to be on this exist protected. Up not lived has to that up Convention the now, explicitly fungi. respect of the in By promise this recognizing plants, from fungi as different be can seen signifi- asre-wording but a small firstcant step towards thegetting convention fungi. promise for the its to honour IUCN list. Photo: red-data Minter. David Recognizing that fungi are not plants, but need their own conservation strategies, is a first step to proper to proper step Recognizing is a first conservation strategies, need but own fungi their not plants, are that protection for species critically-endangered like taxonomy by engaging teachers and amateur engaging by taxonomy and amateur teachers collect, to help groups identify locate and be could identified eventually that samples or validatedpossible, is barcoding. by Much needurgently we declare to formally first but oppor- not let this must a fungal barcode. We hurdle. this to finally clear tunity slip away
and Reports issue), this in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Academy USA National Proceedings of the
At Nagoya, delegates discussedAt these The focus of the lobbying was section the lobbying The focus of ences, USA 106: 12794–12797. case.
stakeholders may consider developing con- developing consider may stakeholders ties, other governments and other relevant relevant and other governments other ties, such assuch bryophytes Par- and pteridophytes; er plants, and other well-described groups and other plants, er the plant kingdom with main focus main on high- kingdom with plant the wording reads, “while the Strategy the “while reads, addresses wording ed to be changed.revised The and agreed concerns and agreed that the wording need- and agreed wording the concerns that be treated as extra. be an optional treated that strategies for fungal strategies conservation couldthat that “lichens” are different from from fungi, and different are “lichens” that impression that fungi are “lower” plants, plants, fungi “lower” are that impression sentence of this paragraph gave the mistaken paragraph of this mistaken gave the sentence delegates of the conference that the final final the that delegates conference of the lichens and fungi”. It was pointed to out It and fungi”. lichens basis to include other taxa,basis other algae, to include including threatened. Parties may choose on a national choose on a national may Parties threatened. ecological functions, nor that they are not ecological they are nor that functions, these lower groups do not have important important do not have groups lower these Pteridophytes. This does not imply that that This doesimply not Pteridophytes. described groups such asdescribed such groups Bryophytes and focus on higher plants, and other well- focus on higher and other plants, addresses the Plant Kingdom main with Plant the addresses paragraph read, “accordingly the Strategy the paragraph read, “accordingly Plant Conservation. The wording of that that of Conservation.wording The Plant E, paragraph Global Strategy 10 of the for ered independently from animals and plants. from independently ered Commission, fungi were explicitly consid- explicitly fungi were Commission, cialist group of the IUCNcialist of the group Species Survival the Cup Fungi, Truffles and their their Allies spe- and Truffles Fungi, Cup the Conservation (see the new International Society for Fungal new International the these meetings, as a result of lobbying from from meetings,these as of lobbying a result 18–29 October 2010. For the first time at time first the 18–29 October For 2010. cal Diversity was held in Nagoya, Japan on cal Nagoya, Diversity was held in Japan ties to the 1992 Rio Convention on Biologi- 1992 Rio Convention the to ties The tenth follow-up conference of the par- of conference follow-up The tenth VOLUME 1 · NO. 2 tunities to expand the boundaries of fungal boundaries the to expand tunities barcoding should provide excellent oppor- excellent barcoding should provide barcoding will be central to this. In addition, to this. In willbarcoding be central rate sequences tiedrate well to validated samples; and curate our sequence databases with accu- with sequence databases our and curate monumental community effortupdateto community monumental undescribed fungalundescribed diversity will require a Fungi and the Convention on Biological Diversity Fungi and the Convention Eberhardt U (2010) A constructive step towards selecting a DNA barcode for fungi. a DNA selecting towards step (2010) A constructive U Eberhardt Hollingsworth PM, Forrest LL, Spouge S, JL, M, PM, Ratnasingham Hollingsworth Forrest Hajibabaei Seifert KA, RA, Samson barcodes, with C01 DNA using Levesque Dewaard JR, CA, J, for fungus identification et al. (2007) Prospects Houbraken Seifert KA (2009) Progress towards DNA barcoding of fungi. barcoding DNA towards Seifert KA (2009) Progress (4) NEWS
Mushrooms –thenewplastic? and flora”. toaction went Acall out from simplification to ofbiodiversity “fauna 45-min the itperpetuated programme, andwell-produced anengaging Although of the 10meeting COP in Nagoya. attention crisis onthe ahead biodiversity “The World focused programme Tonight” broadcasting –the BBC. coordination toinfluence abastion ofpublic have demonstrated the power ofglobal Already, the Society’s founding members for Fungal during Conservation IMC9. establishment ofthe International Society the Minter, Dave by through and paper mycologists deliveredall in arecent IMC to call Fungi. ofarallying part This was –Fauna, AND opportunity Flora, promote word the at missing every “F” International Year isto ofBiodiversity in thisA critically important message Mycologists gopolitical, withsuccess Bianco d’Alba, the annualfair truffle in the However, at the Fiera Nazionale delTartufo woulddrop ingourmet value. foods thatreasonable and toexpect luxury In t seed husks, withseed basidiomycete mycelia to transform wastes, especially agricultural have(NSF), developing away been to from the National Foundation Science Island, NY, USA), with financial support and Eben Bayer (Ecovative Green Design, everdisappear.not really Gavin MacIntyre smaller but these andsmaller do globules, In100s ofyears. into theitcanbreak oceans stay sites,andwill 25 %oflandfill there for tooccupy around itissaid packaging; buildinginsulation,as cups, and coffee annually diverse in products andused as US $20Bn ofthis material isproduced offenders in disposable plasticsthe category, Styrofoam isoneofthe most egregious White trufflesstilldemandahighprice imes ofausterity, have itmight been On 2010,the 15October BBC’s by way of the BBC editors’ (
Studies in Mycology. (2008) Studies 61: 131–136]. et al S. dehoogii μm. [from [from Liμm. Skin biopsy stained with HAE; some fungal elements are visible (arrows). Bar = 5 biopsy HAE; stained with (arrows). Skin visible are some fungal elements is also promoted by . has apiospermum Scedosporium , not only hydrocarbon- from et al . 2006). Chaetothyrialean black yeasts black yeasts . 2006). Chaetothyrialean There are more fungi inhabiting oils more inhabiting fungi are There Germany’s second network. Germany’s 2010), but it is clear et al. 2010), but 2005, Lackner of species each a complex is concerned that in an slots ecological different occupying continuum. whereas virulence, a biastowards is al- spectrum opposite of the end the at environmental. strictly most Fürst Hans-Michael pollutants. and toxic of Hormo- isolation frequent demonstrated resinae conis alsopolluted in as soils, but a monoculture machinery and tanks oil of shipsthe (Fürst cause fungus this 2000). Biofouling by may whichengines quite is potentially to stop, a will never authorities But to aviation. threat said Fürst. Dr is a problem, there admit that of Hormoconis Growth used wood creosote in protec- phenol-rich re- is a striking which in respecttion, there (Prenafeta-Boldú to black yeasts semblance et al wood by treated isolated from massively are samples, recorded by a ZDF TV team for ‘Abenteur Wissen’, a science program a science on Wissen’, recorded samples, a ZDF Scedosporium by TVProcessing team for ‘Abenteur
et al., eds), 61: 131–136].
for bioremediation of for bioremediation : emergingScedosporium S. dehoogii and e Hoog and coworkers recently pub- recently and coworkers Hoog e
D (47 (4), 2009: ‘Pseudal- Scedosporium
genus is still under debate (Gilgado debate et al. under is still genus diesel-polluted sites. The taxonomy of the of taxonomy sites.diesel-polluted The to utilize to utilize the group of Johannes Rainer in Innsbruck Rainer Innsbruck in group of Johannes the motive factor. Investigations are ongoing are by Investigations factor. motive agricultural soils. Alkane is a pro- pollution as well as and poorly in industrial aerated opportunists’, JP Bouchara opportunists’, waters, nutrient-rich stagnant, in present this group of fungi. They are abundantly group of fungi.this They abundantly are stemming from a series of Workshops on of Workshops a series from stemming lescheria on Medical Mycologylished a special of Medical issue timely diagnostics and appropriate therapy. always fatal. The boy was saved thanks to litis (Guarro et al. 2006), which is almost ciated with near-drowning fungal encepha- one of the very few species consistently asso- proved to be Scedosporium apiospermum, removed by surgery. The etiologic agent fungal brain abcesses were observed and sleepy and fell into a deep coma. Multiple animated and did well, but later he became water for several minutes. The child was re- rainwater container and aspirated polluted rainwater container and concerned a 2-year-old boy who fell into a concerned a 2-year-old et al. (2006). This published by Mursch infection after near-drowning of a child, infection after near-drowning explained on the background of a brain explained on the background a version with English subtitles. De Hoog a version with English has a link to the original program, as well as has a link to the original sen’. The CBS homepage (
Black Yeasts’ (Gunde-Cimerman shortly, Emerging entitledPotential ‘The of issue toblackyeasts aspecial devote also Fungi’, etal Vitale Dark (47(1),2009;‘The ogy World ofBlack cies were presented in oneof spe- significant medically while eds), Grube, ‘Black Fungal Extremes’, deHoog &M GS issuecial ofStudies inMycology of this behaviour were in aspe- explained Aspects black. and finally turn buildings all their environment, acidify products ofalgae, pollutants andassimilation air hydrocarbon Times Executive andOfficers Committee ofthe International Association Mycological (2006–2010). Behnsen J, Narang P, Hasenberg Gunzer M, F, U, Bilitewski Zhao J, J, Zeng de,Attili-Angelis Hoog GS D, Prenafeta-Bol Attili-AngelisSatow MM, DF, D, de,Angelis Hoog GS Vicente VA involved factors (2008)Selective in oilflotation isolationblack yeasts of from the environment. Prenafeta-Boldú de(2006)Fungi Hoog SummerbellGS growing onaromatic FX, R, encounte biotechnology’s unexpected hydrocarbons: Mursch Trnovec K, H,Hammer Ratz S, D, Horréetal.(2005)Successful treatment R, ofmultiple Lackner Gerrits M, vanJ(2010)Barcoding ofthe de,Kaltseis therapy-refractory Hoog den GS Ende AHG, of species Guarro Rodriguez-Tudela Horré J, AS, Kantarcioglu R, Cuenca Estrella JL, M, F,Gilgado Cano J, J, Gené Guarro phylogeny J(2005)Molecular ofthe Fürst Hyphenpilzes (2000)Ökologiedes HM Hormoconis seines resinaeundEigenschaften n-Alkan-induzierten P450-Monooxygenasesystems Sudhadham M, Prakitsin S, Sivichai S, Chaiyarat R, Dorrestein GM, DorresteinSudhadham Prakitsin GM, M, Chaiyarat Sivichai S, R, S, Friedmann from A, black fungi de,Mazzaglia Hoog cryptendolithic Selbmann GS EI,Onofri L, S(2005)Fungi oflife: at the edge Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus and hydrocarbons. forest.rain Studies inMycology Reviews30:109–130. Microbiology in a2-year-old after child anear-drowning episode. : in press. ogy opportunist. tory 43:4930–4942. ology sität Berlin. 51: 1–32. of24June fungi utilize 2008.The Studies inMycology Microbial Ecology ., eds). Fungal., eds). Biology Medical Mycology 61:157–163. Candida albicans.PLoS Pathogens 3:e13. Medical Mycol- 61:145–155. (61,2008: 60:149–156. et al., 44: 295–327. eds). eds). will will Child’s Nervous System deviating environment using different com- al somewhere inniches nature (Sudhadham fromhomes andour the specialized bodies when blackyeasts invade expected to be our (Behnsen are processes etal.2007).Similar macrophages alveolar human with confronted when tors enhancing escapefrom phagocytosis ishypothesized toexpress which fac- fungus fumigatusAspergillus , aubiquitous compost sen’, research Axel his on explained Brakhage towards understanding. In ‘Abenteuer Wis- we which still have ecology, along way togo . 2008). They differentially adapt to a highly differentially . 2008).They adapt highly toa et al.(2007)Environmental controls dimensionality with the the fungi pathogenic interaction ofphagocytes dú FX (2010)Isolationdú FX andidentific Black fungi are remarkableBlack fungi fortheir odd et al.(2008)Theneurotropic dermatitidis Exophiala blackyeast species complex: proposal of two new species. species. new oftwo proposal Pseudallescheria boydii complex: species 22:189–192. et al.(2006)Scedosporium apiospermum ation ofblackyeasts by enrichme Pseudallescheria boydii abscesses brain andventriculitis/ependymitis et et ([email protected]) Sybren deHoog dramatically, todo. itisexpected as extinctlikely tobecome when climate changes likely tohave entered adead-end street andare have anadaptive space around are them. They occupyalready their ultimate habitat anddon’t ric speciation.Many extremophiles, however, ronmentaleventuallysympat- shifts, leading to to this enabling process rapid host andenvi- al their natural habitat. Gerrits van den Ende binations ofthe essential determining factors . (2011) applied the term ‘ecological fitting’ the. (2011)applied term fitting’ ‘ecological Pseudallescheria : changing clinical spectrum ofatherapy-refrac-: changingclinical nt onatmospheres ofmonoaromatic Antarctic desert. Studies inMycology has a possible origin in the has origin apossible tropical and . Thesis. . Thesis. Technische Univer- r with biohazard? Scedosporium. Medical Mycol- Journal ofClinical Microbi- IMA FUNGUS FEMS FEMS et et