2018-19 Water Quality Report

2018-19 WATER QUALITY REPORT

our water our customers healthy living AT A GLANCE

Traditional Owners Acknowledgement total population serviced Central Highlands Water acknowledges the Traditional 149,842 Owners / Peoples of the region we work in, including total water the Dja Dja Wurrung, Wadawurrung, Wurundjeri, Djab Wurrung, Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and supply connections 71,054 Jupagulk Peoples. total potable water We pay our respect to the Elders of these communities past, supply volume present and emerging, acknowledging that they have been 14,882 ML custodians of land and water for many centuries and that their continuing culture and contribution is important to the life water of the region. 15 treatment plants 30 reservoirs diversion 13 weirs groundwater 34 bores bulk water 17 entitlements held of water 2,526 KM mains service basins 47 and tanks water 41 pumping stations

Additional copies ISSN: 2204-1192 (Online) This water quality report is available for viewing or download from © State of Victoria, Central Highlands Water 2019. Central Highlands Water’s website, www.chw.net.au This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process To minimise our impact on the environment, we print limited numbers of except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. this report and we encourage you to view this report online. If you require This report has been printed on ecoStar 100% recycled stock. any additional printed copies, please contact Central Highlands Water at:

Email: [email protected] Phone: 1800 061 514 Post: PO Box 152 Ballarat Vic 3353 Cover image: Artwork of Trina Dalton-Oogjes, Wathaurung (Wadawurrung) In person: 7 Learmonth Rd Wendouree Vic 3355 woman – Healthy Water, Healthy Country 2019, Wombat Reservoir ABN: 75 224 340 348 waterway, Lal Lal Reservoir spillway.

2 CONTENTS

PART 1 INTRODUCTION TABLES AND FIGURES About us 4 Table 1: Sources of water 9 Summary 4 Table 2: Reservoir capacity and current levels 10 Drinking water quality policy 4 Table 3: Treatment processes and added Drinking water regulatory framework 5 substances for supply systems 13 Undertakings, exemptions and Table 4: Complaints comparison 2018-19 to determinations under the Act 5 previous reporting periods 14 Community information 5 Table 5: Complaints by water supply system 2018-19 15 Table 6: Customer communications issued 17 PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Table 7: Escherichia coli (E. coli) – Customer Taps 22 Overview 6 Figure 1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) Trending – Customer Taps 23 Table 8: Escherichia coli (E. coli) – Entry Points 24 Sources of water 7 Table 9: Escherichia coli (E. coli) – Network Treated Service area 8 Water Storages 25 Water treatment plants 11 Table 10: Trihalomethanes 26 Treatment processes 11 Figure 2: Trihalomethanes Trending 27 Added substances 12 Table 11: Turbidity – Customer Taps 28 Figure 3: Turbidity Trending – Customer Taps 29 Disinfection 12 Table 12: Turbidity – Entry Points 30 Fluoridation 12 Table 13: Turbidity – Network Treated Water Storages 31 Distribution 12 Table 14: Fluoride 32 Figure 4: Fluoride Trending 33 PART 3 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK Table 15: Chloroacetic Acid 34 Complaints 14 Figure 5: Chloroacetic Acid Trending 35 Complaints categories and our response 15 Table 16: Dichloroacetic Acid 36 Customer engagement 16 Figure 6: Dichloroacetic Acid Trending 37 Customer communications 16 Table 17: Trichloroacetic Acid 38 Figure 7: Trichloroacetic Acid Trending 39 PART 4 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT Table 18: Bromate 40 Figure 8: Bromate Trending 40 Overview 18 Table 19: Formaldehyde 41 Risk management 18 Figure 9: Formaldehyde Trending 41 Risk management plan 18 Table 20: Aluminium (acid soluble) 42 Audit of risk management plan 18 Figure 10: Aluminium (acid soluble) Trending 43 System auditing 18 Table 21: Aesthetic Parameters – pH 44 Verification and monitoring program 18 Figure 11: pH Trending 45 Control measures 19 Table 22: Aesthetic Parameters – Total Dissolved Solids 46 Figure 12: Total Dissolved Solids Trending 47 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Table 23: Aesthetic Parameters – True Colour 48 Figure 13: True Colour Trending 49 Performance monitoring and compliance criteria 20 Table 24: Aesthetic Parameters – Hardness 50 Water testing analysis 20 Table 25: Aesthetic Parameters – Iron 51 Compliance with drinking water quality standards 20 Table 26: Aesthetic Parameters – Zinc 52 Compliance performance summary 21 Table 27: Aesthetic Parameters – Total Alkalinity 53 Understanding concentration and limits 21 Table 28: Other substances – Free Chlorine 54 PART 6 EMERGENCY AND INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Table 29: Other substances – Monochloramine 55 Section 18 incidents 71 Table 30: Other substances – Cadmium 56 Section 22 incidents 71 Table 31: Other substances – Copper 57 Table 32: Other substances – Lead 58 PART 7 WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Table 33: Other substances – Manganese 59 Source water improvements 72 Table 34: Other substances – Nickel 60 Water treatment plant improvements 73 Table 35: Other substances – Chromium (total) 61 Distribution system improvements 74 Table 36: Other substances – Arsenic 62 Table 37: Other substances – Cyanide 63 APPENDIX Table 38: Other substances – Mercury 64 Abbreviations 75 Table 39: Other substances – Selenium 65 Table 40: Other substances – NDMA 66 Table 41: Health related organic compounds 67 Table 42a: Pesticides 68 Table 42b: Pesticides (continued) 69 Table 43: Radiological Parameters 70 Table 44: Section 18 incident summary 71 Table 45: Section 22 incident summary 71

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report 3 PART 1 INTRODUCTION

About us Drinking water quality policy Central Highlands Water (the Corporation, CHW) supplied This policy outlines our commitment to managing our water 14,882 ML of potable water to customers throughout the supply systems effectively in order to provide safe and Central Highlands region of Victoria during 2018-19. high quality drinking water that satisfies the needs of our Operating across 9,275 square kilometres, we supply water customers, community and regulators. to more than 149,800 customers through a complex network Central Highlands Water is committed to: of 30 reservoirs, 15 treatment plants, 41 pump stations and • Implementing and maintaining a Water Quality Risk 2,526 km of water mains in the local government areas of Management Plan in accordance with the Safe Drinking Ballarat, Central Goldfields, Golden Plains, Hepburn, Pyrenees, Water Act 2003, the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 Northern Grampians, Moorabool and Corangamite (Skipton). and other regulatory guidance that utilises a considered risk management approach to ensure the supply of safe water Summary and to protect public health. In accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003, this • Implementing, maintaining and adequately resourcing a report provides an overview of CHW’s supply system, the risk drinking water quality management system consistent with management and monitoring processes in place and water the framework described in the Australian Drinking Water quality performance for the 2018-19 financial year. Guidelines (ADWG). Guidance regarding the structure of this report has been • Managing drinking water aesthetics to meet the ‘good’ provided by the Department of Health and Human Services criteria as defined in the Australian Drinking Water (DHHS) in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act Guidelines (ADWG). 2003 and the current Water Quality Annual Report Guidance • Integrating the needs and expectations of our consumers, document, June 2017. stakeholders and regulators into our planning. • Establishing regular monitoring of the quality of drinking water and effective reporting mechanisms to provide relevant and timely information on the management of the water supply. • Continually improving our practices by assessing performance against corporate commitments and regulatory requirements. • Ensuring all managers and employees involved in the supply of drinking water are aware of their responsibility for understanding, implementing and maintaining our drinking water quality management system. • Ensuring this policy is highly visible, continually communicated, understood and implemented by all employees.

4 PART 1 INTRODUCTION Drinking water regulatory framework Undertakings, exemptions and determinations

Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 under the Act No undertaking or exemptions were in place in 2018-19. The purpose of the Victorian Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 (‘the Act’) is “to make provision for the supply of safe Regulated water determination drinking water.” In accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 the The Act defines drinking water as: “water that is intended Minister for Health may declare certain water supplies for human consumption or for the purposes connected with ‘regulated water’ to protect public health. Regulated water is human consumption, such as the preparation of food or classified as water that is not intended for drinking, but which the making of ice for consumption or for the preservation could be reasonably mistaken for drinking water. of unpacked food, whether or not the water is used for other purposes.” CHW operates three regulated water supply systems – Amphitheatre, Raglan and Redbank. The Minister for Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 Health declared these water supplies ‘regulated’ in 2006 (Government Gazette numbers G31 and G35). The Victorian Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 (‘the Regulations’) are made under section 56 of the Safe Drinking CHW is required to keep customers in regulated water Water Act 2003. systems informed that the water supply is not intended for drinking water purposes. The objective of the Regulations is to make further provision for the supply of safe drinking water. CHW achieves this by: The Regulations detail the management of the supply of safe • sending bi-annual reminders that the water is not supplied drinking water, which sets out: for drinking purposes (see Table 6) • requirements for water sampling localities • providing notifications on water bills • matters to be included in the risk management plan • providing advice to new owners and for property transfers • drinking water quality standards • displaying signage at publicly accessible taps • requirements relating to the frequency of collection of samples of water for analysis Community information • details to be included in an annual report to the secretary Consistent with Section 23 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003, CHW provides its customers with all available Established to protect public health, the Regulations are information about the quality of our drinking water. A water administered by the Department of Health and Human quality performance report is published each month on our Services (DHHS). CHW must meet all requirements specified. website at chw.net.au Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 Our annual drinking water quality report is available to all customers through our website or by request from The purpose of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 our Customer Contact Centre on 1800 061 514 during (‘the Guidelines’) is to “provide the authoritative Australian business hours. reference for use within Australia’s administrative and legislative framework to ensure the accountability of drinking water suppliers.” While the Guidelines are not mandatory standards, they set out the framework for management of drinking water quality. The framework includes the following elements: • commitment to drinking water quality management (by the organisation) • assessment of the drinking water supply system • preventative measures for drinking water quality management • having operational procedures and process control in place • verification of drinking water quality • management of incidents and emergencies • employee awareness and training • community involvement and awareness • research and development • documentation and reporting • evaluation and audit • review and continual improvement CHW has adopted these 12 elements when managing our drinking water supply systems.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 1 INTRODUCTION 5 PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Overview Daylesford CHW services customers in 15 distinct water supply systems, Daylesford sources water from a number of reservoirs. which include 38 specific water sampling localities and three The Coomoora groundwater bore is an additional source of regulated water supplies. supplementary water. The water supply systems are: Dean Amphitheatre Dean is the smallest water supply system in the CHW region, serving 22 connections. The water supply for Dean is sourced The Amphitheatre system is supplied with non-potable from local groundwater. (untreated) water and has been declared as regulated water. The water is not provided for drinking purposes or other Forest Hill human consumption such as food preparation or ice making. To indicate this, signs are displayed at publicly accessible taps Forest Hill receives a high quality treated groundwater supply. throughout this supply. Landsborough–Navarre This system sources water from the Amphitheatre Reservoir. The Landsborough–Navarre water supply system receives a A groundwater bore is available as a supplementary supply. high quality treated groundwater supply. Avoca Learmonth The Avoca water supply system sources water from the Bung Learmonth draws its water from a local groundwater source Bong Bore groundwater supply. which provides high quality water. Ballarat and District Lexton The Ballarat and District supply is the largest water supply Water for the Lexton township is obtained from the Gordon system in the Central Highlands region and includes the Hill bore which provides high quality water. townships of Ballarat, Ballan, Creswick, Linton, Smythesdale and Skipton. The Ballarat and District system has several Maryborough and District major sources of water supply including White Swan Reservoir, Lal Lal Reservoir, Goldfields Superpipe and the The Maryborough and District water supply is the second Ballarat West groundwater supply. largest system managed by CHW. Providing treated water to Maryborough and several surrounding towns, the water Ballarat West groundwater was not utilised for the drinking is sourced from Tullaroop Reservoir, Evansford Reservoir water supply in the 2018-19 reporting period. and/or Talbot Reservoir prior to being diverted and stored in Centenary Reservoir. Moolort and Stoney Creek Beaufort (including Raglan) groundwater are also available as supplementary supply The Beaufort water supply system is sourced from Musical sources, treated through the new reverse osmosis plant Gully Reservoir and has a supplementary groundwater commissioned in 2017. supply if needed. Redbank Raglan is supplied with non-potable (untreated) water and has been declared as regulated water. The water is not provided The Redbank system is supplied with non-potable (untreated) for drinking purposes or other human consumption such as water and has been declared as regulated water. The water food preparation or ice making. To indicate this, signs are is not provided for drinking purposes or other human displayed at publicly accessible taps throughout this supply. consumption such as food preparation or ice making. To indicate this, signs are displayed at publicly accessible taps The Raglan water supply system is supplied upstream of the throughout this supply. Beaufort Water Treatment Plant. This system can be supplied from local groundwater sources Blackwood and Barrys Reef or from Redbank Reservoir. The Blackwood and Barrys Reef water supply system is Waubra sourced from stream diversions and has a supplementary groundwater supply if required. Waubra draws its water supply from local groundwater sources.

Clunes Clunes receives a high quality treated groundwater supply.

6 PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Sources of water Our supply systems are supplied from stream diversions, on-stream storages and groundwater bores as detailed in Table 1. Most of the headworks systems (reservoir storage and groundwater assets) are owned and operated by CHW; however some assets are shared with or owned by other authorities, including: • Lal Lal Reservoir shared with Barwon Water. Central Highlands Water is responsible for operation and maintenance activities. There is also an environmental reserve component of this storage controlled by the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority. • A delivery entitlement for Newlyn and Tullaroop reservoirs, which are owned and operated by Goulburn-Murray Water. • Shared sections of the Goldfields Superpipe with Coliban Water. This asset is used to source water from the Northern Victorian systems (Goulburn and Campaspe systems). CHW has bulk entitlements for our surface water supplies which specify the volume of water and relevant conditions for extraction. These entitlements were negotiated with the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP), rural water authorities and catchment management authorities. CHW also owns water shares in the Northern Victorian systems. Water allocations from these shares can be supplied to Ballarat via the Goldfields Superpipe. Groundwater extraction licences for our groundwater supply systems specify extraction volumes, rates and particular conditions. Groundwater licences are issued and administered by rural water corporations, including Goulburn-Murray Water, Southern Rural Water and Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water. CHW also works closely with relevant catchment management authorities to improve land management and river health.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 7 SERVICE AREA

Navarre

Redbank

Havelock Timor Landsborough Bowenvale

Alma Maryborough Centenary Reservoir Tullaroop Sugarloaf Avoca Reservoir Reservoir Bung Bong Craigie Lead Daisy Hill Dam Majorca

Amphitheatre Talbot

Talbot Reservoir Lexton Lexton Evansford Reservoir Reservoir Clunes Hepburn Springs Smeaton Hepburn Reservoir Raglan Waubra Daylesford Kingston Broomﬁeld Bullarto Reservoir Wombat Learmonth Newlyn Beaufort Lake Creswick Reservoir Learmonth Cosgrave Reservoir Dean Burrumbeet Miners Rest Dean Blackwood Lake White Swan Reservoir Burrumbeet Reservoir Wilsons Moorabool Ballarat Reservoir Reservoir Colbrook Gong Gong Reservoir Reservoir

Kirks Wallace Bungaree Carngham Haddon Reservoir Gordon

Snake Valley Ballan Lal Lal Smythesdale Reservoir Pittong Buninyong Scarsdale Napoleons Skipton Linton

Enﬁeld

0 4.75 9.5 19 Kilometres

Dereel

Corindhap Rokewood

LEGEND

Water pipeline Water treatment plants Major roads Lakes and reservoirs Water district

8 PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS TABLE 1 SOURCES OF WATER

Water supply systems Population serviced Source water Storage Treatment plant Water sampling locality

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca 1,442 Bung Bong Bore 1 ^ - Avoca WTP Bung Bong Bore 2 Ballarat Kirks Reservoir ^ White Swan Reservoir White Swan WTP Ballan 3,152 Gong Gong Reservoir Ballarat Central 46,570 Pincotts Reservoir Ballarat Nth/Nerrina 3,757 Cosgrave Reservoir Bungaree/Wallace 382 Bungaree Bore Buninyong/Mt Helen 8,951 Superpipe Cardigan Village 1,218 Newlyn Reservoir Creswick 3,223 Enfield 536 Wilsons Reservoir Lal Lal Reservoir Lal Lal WTP Fiskville/Glenmore 90 Beales Reservoir Gordon/Mt Egerton 1,196 Moorabool Reservoir Haddon 4,741 Lal Lal 165 Ballarat West Bore 1 ^ Ballarat West Disinfection Linton 600 Ballarat West Bore 2 ^ Napoleons 827 Ballarat West Bore 3 ^ Sebastopol 11,046 Skipton 714 Smythesdale 1,035 Wendouree 33,403 Beaufort 1,752 Cave Hill Creek ^ Musical Gully Reservoir Beaufort WTP Troys Reservoir ^ Side Spring Creek ^ The Glut Raglan Bore Blackwood/Barrys Reef 758 Kyneton Creek Blackwood Basin Blackwood WTP Long Gully Creek 1 and 2 Blackwood Bore Clunes 2,137 Bore 1 - Clunes WTP Bore 2 ^ Bore 3 Daylesford Wombat Reservoir - Daylesford WTP Daylesford High Level 2,596 Bullarto Reservoir Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn 3,805 Hepburn Reservoir Coomoora Bore Dean 48 Dean Bore - Dean Disinfection Forest Hill 1,141 Bore 1 - Forest Hill WTP Bore 1A Bore 2 Bore 3 Landsborough 321 Landsborough Bore 2 - Landsborough WTP Learmonth 321 Bore 1 - Learmonth Disinfection Bore 2 Lexton 226 Gordon Hill Bore - Lexton WTP Maryborough Tullaroop Reservoir Centenary Reservoir Maryborough WTP Alma 385 Evansford Reservoir Bet Bet 466 Talbot Reservoir Carisbrook 1,275 Moolort Bore 1 Daisy Hill 413 Moolort Bore 2 Majorca 207 Stoney Creek Bore ^ Maryborough 9,485 Talbot 613 Timor 215 Waubra 248 Bore 1 ^ - Waubra Disinfection Bore 2 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * 136 Amphitheatre Reservoir - - Amphitheatre Bore Raglan * 143 Cave Hill Creek ^ - - Side Spring Creek ^ The Glut Raglan Bore Redbank * 101 Redbank Reservoir ^ - - Redbank Bore 1 Redbank Bore 2

* Non–potable water supply system ^ Not used in 2018-19

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 9 TABLE 2 RESERVOIR CAPACITY AND CURRENT LEVELS

Reservoir Capacity Percentage full as at Percentage full as at (megalitres) 30 June 2018 30 June 2019

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Avoca (Groundwater Source) - - -

Ballarat Beales Reservoir 415 7 68 Cosgrave Reservoir 680 57 100 Gong Gong Reservoir 1,902 71 75 Kirks Reservoir 400 79 72 Lal Lal Reservoir 59,549 (CHW share 35,670) ^^ 77 (CHW share 80) 66 (CHW share 73) Moorabool Reservoir 6,192 44 38 Newyln Reservoir 500 (CHW entitlement) ** - - Pincotts Reservoir 218 85 91 White Swan Reservoir 14,107 73 58 Wilsons Reservoir 1,010 4 29

Beaufort Musical Gully Reservoir 253 82 72 Troys Reservoir ^ 68 13 10

Blackwood/Barrys Reef Blackwood Basin 1 22 95 93 Blackwood Basin 2 15 103 96

Clunes (Groundwater Source) - - -

Daylesford Bullarto Reservoir 219 42 100 Hepburn Reservoir 30 91 100 Wombat Reservoir 548 64 100

Dean (Groundwater source) - - -

Forest Hill (Groundwater Source) - - -

Landsborough (Groundwater source) - - -

Learmonth (Groundwater Source) - - -

Lexton (Groundwater Source) - - -

Maryborough Centenary Reservoir 180 92 75 Evansford Reservoir 1,346 75 100 Talbot Reservoir 846 50 49 Tullaroop Reservoir 2,100 (CHW entitlement) **§ - -

Waubra (Groundwater Source) - - -

REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Amphitheatre * Amphitheatre Reservoir 70 50 45

Raglan * (Cave Hill to Musical Gully - - - Reservoir Pipeline)

Redbank * Redbank Reservoir ^ 132 17 4

* Non–potable water supply system ** CHW entitlements are determined by Goulburn-Murray Water allocations for these storages, Tullaroop capacity 72,950 ML § CHW Bulk Entitlement 1200 ML annual allocation and carryover of unused allocation from previous year of 900 ML ^ Not in use ^^ 7,086 ML Lal Lal Reservoir Environmental Reserve

10 PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Water treatment plants Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration (DAFF) CHW has 15 water treatment plants. A water treatment Some waters contain coagulated matter which is lighter services agreement with Ballarat Water Pty Ltd is in place for and will not easily sink. For these supplies dissolved air six of these plants. Veolia Water operates the following water flotation and filtration is used. DAFF relies on the injection of treatment facilities on their behalf: microscopic air bubbles into the water stream, causing the flocculated particles to float to the surface of the filtration • Beaufort Water Treatment Plant tank. The particles are drawn off the surface of the filtration • Blackwood Water Treatment Plant tank and removed to waste. Clear water then passes down • Clunes Water Treatment Plant through filtering material in the bottom of the filtration tank, • Forest Hill Water Treatment Plant capturing any fine particles that were not removed by the air. • Lal Lal Water Treatment Plant This process is utilised at the White Swan, Lal Lal, Beaufort, Blackwood and Daylesford water treatment plants. • White Swan Water Treatment Plant We also have a water treatment services agreement in place Ultrafiltration with Veolia Water for the operation of the Maryborough Water Ultrafiltration is used to remove suspended solids and some Treatment Plant. colloidal matter from the source water. The water is pumped through a filter membrane trapping suspended solids in Treatment processes the process. The concentrate (material that does not pass We use a number of different processes and technologies to through the membrane) is periodically removed to waste to treat water. The process used depends on the characteristics prevent the blocking of the membrane filters. of the water to be treated. The treatment process and added The Lexton water treatment plant utilises membrane substances are summarised in Table 3, and the processes are ultrafiltration technology. described below. Water softening Coagulation/flocculation Water softening, or dealkalisation, is a process used to remove Coagulation/flocculation is a complex process where a calcium and magnesium salts from the water to reduce the controlled amount of chemical coagulant is added into the hardness and hence the ‘scaling’ effect of the water. water to de-stabilise particles, allowing clumps to form (flocculation) and settle out of suspension. This occurs in a This process is utilised at the Clunes and Forest Hill water mixing tank prior to the filtration process. The particles are treatment plants. then easily removed during the sedimentation and filtration Ozonation stage. The type of filtration process used to remove the particles depends on the weight of the particles formed. Ozone pre-treatment is used specifically at the Clunes Water Treatment Plant to reduce the levels of iron and manganese The coagulation/flocculation process is utilised at water that can be present in the groundwater source. The process treatment plants at White Swan, Lal Lal, Beaufort, Blackwood, involves oxidation of soluble iron and manganese from Daylesford and Maryborough. the water, and removal during the filtration process. The Chemicals used for coagulation/flocculation at the water oxidising process also assists in minimising colour and odour treatment plants include: aluminium sulphate, aluminium causing sulphides. chlorohydrate, poly electrolyte and polyaluminium chloride. Reverse osmosis Sedimentation/filtration Reverse osmosis is used to remove dissolved salts from the Where the raw water quality allows large heavy particles (floc) source water. Pre-treated water is pumped at high pressure to be formed during the coagulation/flocculation process, through spiral wound membranes, trapping dissolved salts the water is further treated by the sedimentation process. in the process. The concentrate (material that does not pass The floc forms a blanket which continues to trap more through the membrane) is periodically removed to waste. The suspended particles. The particles sink to the bottom of the water passing through the membranes is extremely pure and sedimentation tank and are drawn off to waste. The clear is blended to maintain an acceptable salt balance in the water. water which flows to the surface of the sedimentation tank is The Avoca and Maryborough water treatment plants utilise collected and then passed through sand filters. Any particles reverse osmosis membrane technology. not removed in the sedimentation process are filtered out by the sand filter. The filters are washed regularly to remove the Electrodialysis reversal collected material to waste. Filtration of the water removes naturally occurring particulate material from the water Electrodialysis is used to remove dissolved salts from the prior to disinfection. The process improves the efficacy of source water. Water is transferred to a treatment unit and disinfection; assists with clarity; reduces the risk of taste and an electrical DC voltage is applied, removing dissolved salts odour; and ensures a consistent quality of supply. through special ion exchange membranes. The concentrate (material that passes through the membranes) is periodically This process is utilised at the Maryborough water removed to waste by reversing the charge or polarity across treatment plant. the membranes. This treatment process has the advantage of being robust, flexible and results in high product recoveries. The Landsborough water treatment plant utilises electrodialysis reversal membrane technology.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 11 Added substances Disinfection

Lime, soda ash or sodium hydroxide Chlorination To assist the water treatment process and to ensure the pH Chlorine is widely used throughout the world to disinfect level in filtered water is within a desirable target range, high drinking water and control disease-causing organisms. The quality lime, soda ash or sodium hydroxide is automatically type of chlorine used at our plants is either chlorine gas or added to the water in the treatment plant. Maintaining pH sodium hypochlorite. in the desired range optimises the efficacy of treatment Chlorination is utilised at the Avoca, Beaufort, Clunes, and disinfection, minimises the risk of corrosion/scaling and Daylesford, Dean, Forest Hill, Landsborough, Learmonth, improves taste. Lexton and Waubra water treatment plants. This process is utilised at the Avoca, White Swan, Lal Lal, Beaufort, Blackwood, Clunes, Daylesford, Forest Hill, Chloramination Landsborough and Maryborough water treatment plants. Chloramination is used throughout the world as a means of disinfecting drinking water to control disease-causing Potassium permanganate organisms. Small amounts of chlorine gas and ammonia are Potassium permanganate can be added to the water supply as added to the water to form chloramines, providing a relatively required to reduce iron and manganese levels. When present long lasting process to safely disinfect water. in higher concentrations, these metals can cause staining Chloramination is utilised at the White Swan, Lal Lal and of laundry and plumbing fixtures and contribute to ‘dirty Maryborough water treatment plants. water’ events. Potassium permanganate dosing capability is currently Ultra-violet disinfection available at the Beaufort, Blackwood, Daylesford, White Swan, Ultra-violet (UV) light is an effective means of disinfection; Lal Lal and Maryborough water treatment plants. however, efficacy is only at the point of application, as UV treatment has no lasting residual. Effectiveness also relies on Powdered activated carbon the water having low turbidity as particulates minimise the Powdered activated carbon can be added to the water supply amount of UV light penetration, hence potentially shielding as required to remove compounds that contribute to taste and micro-organisms that could be present in the water. odour issues, usually associated with higher levels of certain UV disinfection is utilised at the Beaufort, Blackwood, Dean algae in raw water. and Maryborough water treatment plants. Powdered activated carbon dosing capability is currently available at the Beaufort, Blackwood, Daylesford, White Swan, Fluoridation Lal Lal and Maryborough water treatment plants. In accordance with DHHS requirements, the Ballarat and district and the Maryborough and district water supplies are fluoridated. All other systems are currently non-fluoridated. Any fluoride present in these non-fluoridated systems is due to naturally occurring sources. Fluoridation occurs at the Lal Lal, White Swan and Maryborough water treatment plants. Distribution After water is filtered and disinfected, it is relayed to customers through a vast network of tanks, basins, pumps and pipes. CHW uses positive pressure and backflow prevention to ensure safe drinking water. Positive pressure directs contaminants away from the water supply system if leaks occur. CHW requires high risk properties install a testable backflow prevention device before connecting to the water supply network.

12 PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS TABLE 3 TREATMENT PROCESSES AND ADDED SUBSTANCES FOR SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Water supply system Water sampling locality Treatment process/disinfection Added substances

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Reverse Osmosis Sodium Hydroxide Chlorination Chlorine Gas Aqueous Ammonia Antiscalant Ballarat Ballan Coagulation + Flocculation White Swan Treatment Plant Ballarat Central Dissolved Air Flotation Soda Ash # Ballarat Nth/Nerrina Granular Media Filtration Aluminium Chlorohydrate Bungaree/Wallace Chloramination Poly Electrolyte Buninyong/Mt Helen Fluoridation Chlorine Gas Cardigan Village Aqueous Ammonia Creswick Fluorosilicic Acid Enfield Sodium Hydroxide ^ Fiskville/Glenmore Powder Activated Carbon ^ Gordon/Mt Egerton Potassium Permanganate ^ Haddon Lal Lal Coagulation + Flocculation Lal Lal Treatment Plant Linton Dissolved Air Flotation Soda Ash Napoleons Granular Media Filtration Aluminium Chlorohydrate Sebastopol Chloramination Poly Electrolyte Skipton Fluoridation Chlorine Gas Smythesdale Aqueous Ammonia Wendouree Fluorosilicic Acid Sodium Hydroxide ^ Powder Activated Carbon ^ Potassium Permanganate ^

Chloramination Ballarat West Disinfection Plant Fluoridation Chlorine Gas Aqueous Ammonia Fluorosilicic Acid Beaufort Beaufort Coagulation + Flocculation Polyaluminium Chloride Dissolved Air Flotation Sodium Hydroxide Granular Media Filtration Sodium Hypochlorite Ultra Violet (U.V.) Light Powder Activated Carbon ^ Chlorination Potassium Permanganate ^ Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Coagulation + Flocculation Aluminium Chlorohydrate Dissolved Air Flotation Poly Electrolyte Granular Media Filtration Sodium Hydroxide Ultra Violet (U.V.) Light Powder Activated Carbon ^ Potassium Permanganate ^ Clunes Clunes Ozonation Sodium Hydroxide Cartridge Filtration Chlorine Gas Dealkalisation (Ion Exchange) Ozone Gas Chlorination Daylesford Daylesford High Level Aeration Polyaluminium Chloride Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Coagulation + Flocculation Sodium Hydroxide Dissolved Air Flotation Chlorine Gas Granular Media Filtration Poly Electrolyte ^ Chlorination Potassium Permanganate ^ Powder Activated Carbon ^ Dean Dean Chlorination Sodium Hypochlorite Ultra Violet (U.V.) Light Forest Hill Forest Hill Dealkalisation (Ion Exchange) Sodium Hydroxide Chlorination Chlorine Gas Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Pressure Filtration Sodium Hydroxide Electrodialysis Reversal Sodium Hypochlorite Chlorination Hydrochloric Acid Antiscalant Learmonth Learmonth Chlorination Sodium Hypochlorite Lexton Lexton Membrane Ultrafiltration Chlorine Gas Chlorination Maryborough Alma Prechlorination Soda Ash Bet Bet Coagulation + Flocculation Aluminium Sulphate Carisbrook Sedimentation/Clarification Poly Electrolyte Daisy Hill Granular Media Filtration Chlorine Gas Majorca Reverse Osmosis Aqueous Ammonia Maryborough Ultra Violet (U.V.) Light Fluorosilicic Acid Talbot Chloramination Sodium Hypochlorite ^ Timor Fluoridation Antiscalant ^ Powder Activated Carbon ^ Potassium Permanganate ^ Waubra Waubra Chlorination Chlorine Gas REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Amphitheatre No Treatment Raglan * Raglan No Treatment Redbank * Redbank No Treatment

* Non–potable water supply system ^ Added substance if required # Soda Ash from 16 May 2019 (Lime prior)

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 2 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 13 PART 3 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK

Complaints Complex complaints are managed directly by the Customer Resolution Officer and/or the Co-ordinator Drinking Water During 2018-19 CHW experienced a decrease in the Compliance. These complaints, which may relate to public number of customer complaints compared to the previous health, are managed in accordance with our business reporting year. CHW categorises all water quality contacts escalation processes. as complaints in accordance with the requirements of the Essential Services Commission (ESC). In some circumstances, CHW may obtain water samples for testing in our independent accredited laboratory which has been Contact centre staff report water quality complaints to our servicing the Victorian water industry for more than 40 years. Works Management Centre for immediate action and all customer complaints are recorded and tracked in a corporate Monthly complaints data is reported to senior management database. Our Customer Resolution Officer is notified and systemic matters are addressed at several levels. As simultaneously to ensure that all contacts are followed a result, CHW has been able to decrease the number of through to a satisfactory resolution. customer complaints through improved policy/procedures, asset management, community consultation and staff training.

TABLE 4 COMPLAINTS COMPARISON 2018-19 TO PREVIOUS REPORTING PERIODS

Type of complaint Number of complaints Number of complaints Number of complaints Comparison with 2018-19 2017-18 2016-17 previous year 2017-18 (% change)

Colour 60 67 70 -10 Taste or odour 36 54 43 -33 Blue water 0 2 0 -100 Other 20 18 47 11 Total 116 141 160 -18

14 PART 3 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK TABLE 5 COMPLAINTS BY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 2018-19

Water supply system Colour Taste or odour Blue water Other Total Complaints per complaints 100 population serviced Amphitheatre 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Avoca 0 2 0 2 4 0.28 Ballarat 34 20 0 8 62 0.05 Beaufort 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Blackwood 2 1 0 0 3 0.40 Clunes 3 1 0 3 7 0.33 Daylesford 12 2 0 1 15 0.23 Dean 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Forest Hill 0 1 0 1 2 0.18 Landsborough 0 0 0 1 1 0.31 Learmonth 1 0 0 1 2 0.62 Lexton 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Maryborough 7 8 0 3 18 0.14 Raglan 1 1 0 0 2 1.40 Redbank 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Waubra 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 Total 60 36 0 20 116 0.08

Complaints categories and our response Blue water Blue or green water is caused by the corrosion of internal Colour copper piping and generally the water discolouration is Discoloured water can be caused by sediment and naturally accompanied by a metallic taste. occurring organic matter in the water mains. It may also be caused by corrosion from galvanised iron in a customer’s Other complaints internal plumbing system. Other complaints may include those relating to white water, Sediments can be cleared through systematic flushing at the cloudy water, water causing stains and particles in the water. water main. White water (milky or cloudy appearance) is due to fine air Brown water, caused by rusting internal pipes, can be bubbles dispersed in the water. This can occur when air is managed by customers through replacing the affected pipes, trapped in the pipes after repair works and can be rectified flushing within the property and/or seeking advice from a by flushing. reputable, licensed plumber.

Taste or odour Taste and odour may vary depending on which catchment the water is sourced. Another contributing factor is the disinfection process, which is an essential part of the treatment to deliver safe drinking water. During routine scheduled maintenance programs, we may alter the method of disinfection for short periods which can result in a temporary more pronounced chlorinous taste and odour. Other taste and odour impacts may arise in the customer’s internal pipework due to rusting, corrosion, sediment build-up or stagnant water.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 3 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK 15 Customer engagement Customer communications As part of our Let’s Talk Water campaign and Pricing This section provides a summary of customer or regulatory Review objectives, CHW committed to further community body notifications that related to water quality. Notifications engagement, initially with three of our smaller systems issued can include: and communities, that is Learmonth, Waubra and Clunes. • water quality notices Communications with these communities is ongoing and • reminder water quality notices includes face-to-face, website community portal and social media. • water supply update notifications (includes water quality, water saving rules, restrictions and follow-up information) Learmonth: we provided community updates on water quality outcomes, options and actions for improvement and CHW's investment in infrastructure, including installation of a new 500,000 litre water storage tank, Learmonth Recreation Reserve groundwater bore and drinking water fountains at the football and netball clubs. Waubra: we held community meetings in Waubra in October 2018 and February 2019. We provided an update about the outcomes from these meetings and survey to the community and included options for water quality improvement. Further community meetings are scheduled for 2019-2020. Clunes: we held a community meeting in Clunes in May 2019 and provided an update to the community on the outcomes of this meeting and the survey. Further community meetings are scheduled to take place during 2019-2020. CHW has developed a model that can be used for community engagement within the Central Highlands Water region, thereby ensuring there is a consistency of approach and process.

CHW Engagement Process Model

THE SMALL TOWN WATER QUALITY & SUPPLY ENGAGEMENT MODEL

REGION WIDE ENGAGEMENT Identify small towns with water challenges

ENGAGE KEY INFLUENCERS Understand how water quality & supply impact on community

ENGAGE KEY INFLUENCERS Explore ideas & concepts

INVESTIGATE & COLLABORATE CONFIRM & REFINE CONFIRM

DELIVER SOLUTIONS Improve water quality Secure supply Enhance liveability Maintain relationships

Not only was this same model utilised in the three communities already mentioned, but it will also be utilised for communities such as Maryborough, Daylesford and Avoca.

16 PART 3 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK TABLE 6 CUSTOMER COMMUNICATIONS ISSUED

Water supply system Notification type Date issued Action

Amphitheatre (regulated) Customer letter 7 December 2018 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes 31 May 2019 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes Ballarat and district Customer letter 18 March 2019 Notice of temporary disinfection change for Linton, Corindhap and Rokewood 17 April 2019 Notice of temporary disinfection change for Enfield and Dereel Blackwood and Barrys Reef Customer letter 25 October 2018 Notice of bi-annual mains cleaning program Forest Hill Customer letter 16 January 2019 Letter to Forest Hill system customers in response to unusually high water demand, encouraging to check for household leaks Raglan (regulated) Customer letter 7 December 2018 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes 31 May 2019 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes Redbank (regulated) Customer letter 7 December 2018 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes 31 May 2019 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes Supply By Agreement Customer letter 7 December 2018 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes raw water customers 31 May 2019 Bi-annual reminder that water is not supplied for drinking purposes (various systems) Other Learmonth June 2019 Article in ‘The Thunderer’ Winter Edition 2019 regarding CHW Stakeholders and City of Ballarat installing an alternate groundwater supply to Learmonth Oval

Clunes 23 and 25 May 2019 Community forums held in Clunes Stakeholders

Waubra October 2018 and Community forums held in Waubra Stakeholders February 2019 CHW website notifications Live map 2018-2019 year Maintenance works highlighted live onto website for customers

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 3 CUSTOMER FEEDBACK 17 PART 4 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Overview checklists designed to assist in the management of water quality. All these documents become auditable elements CHW continually strives to improve the integrity of its water under the Act. supply catchments, water supply systems and associated infrastructure. We also undertake independent research and development into drinking water quality. Audit of risk management plan Our staff maintain an awareness of developments in the water A regulatory audit was not carried out during the reporting industry and use research findings to further improve the period. However we initiated an external review audit of our quality and safety of our water supply. risk management plan during March 2019. From the previous regulatory audit conducted in March Risk management 2018, in the philosophy of continuous improvement six opportunities for improvement (OFIs) were proposed. At The Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 specifies that a risk the end of the 2018-19 reporting period, all of these actions management plan must be developed to address any risk to were closed out. human health that arises from the presence in water of: • pathogenic micro-organisms System auditing • inorganic chemicals, including inorganic We completed an ongoing program of self-audits during disinfection by-products the reporting period to ensure we continuously improve our • organic chemicals, including pesticides, pesticide residues performance as part of routine business operations. and organic disinfection by-products • radiological parameters Verification and monitoring program • algal toxins CHW is required to undertake water quality compliance The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines is a technical monitoring in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act reference document which we utilise to assess the 2003 and Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015. microbiological, chemical, physical and radiological performance of the drinking water we supply to consumers. Regulatory testing requirements If a parameter is detected at concentrations above specified Schedule 2 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 guideline values in any sample, then any of the following specifies the following mandatory testing of drinking water protocols may be initiated, subject to long-term and short- quality standards in water sampling localities: term impacts: • Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a subgroup of coliforms, which • immediate operational corrective actions undertaken in are a group of organisms that cannot reproduce outside close consultation with DHHS and associated regulatory the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals, but can guidance notes, when required survive better than other pathogens in water. The presence of E. coli is a reliable health indicator of the presence of • referral to standard operating procedures and/or incident contamination from human or animal waste. Its presence response plans most likely indicates a breach of a water quality barrier or • consideration to water quality improvement programs contamination during distribution of the water. through capital investment • Trihalomethanes (THMs) are a range of organic compounds The Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 also specify the formed when chlorine reacts with naturally occurring need for the Corporation to develop steps and initiatives to organic matter in water supplies. address aesthetic variations to water quality including taste, • Turbidity describes the cloudiness of the water and is odour, pH, colour and turbidity. caused by the presence of suspended material such as CHW has a group that meets regularly to assess taste and clay, silt and finely divided organic material. Levels less odour for a number of water supply systems, and undertakes than 1 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) are desirable for a routine water quality monitoring program to consider effective disinfection. turbidity, pH and colour (refer to Tables 11-13, 21 and 23). Algae monitoring Risk management plan CHW also completes an algae monitoring program across all reservoirs. It is a comprehensive and flexible program In 2018-19, CHW continued to regularly review and update our that facilitates early detection and has sufficient capacity to risk management plan for all water supply systems as required escalate matters accordingly. The program consists of three by the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003. key activities: We have invested resources into the continued development • visual observations, conducted at least weekly. of standard operating procedures, and associated forms and

18 PART 4 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT • operational observations, where staff utilise microscope Trained staff techniques to identify algal species and relative abundance. Key operational staff underwent water quality risk management This monitoring is undertaken at various frequencies depending training enabling internal development, assessment and ongoing on the time of year and the potential for algae issues. review of water quality risk management plans and systems. • laboratory testing, where algal species are identified and Trained and skilled staff are vital to protecting and maintaining abundance is quantified at various frequencies depending high quality water, therefore improving employee skills on the time of year, and to confirm potential algal detections. and contractor awareness remain high priorities. CHW Notifications to DELWP and DHHS are made in accordance is committed to improving employees’ awareness and with the Statement of Obligations and as per the Blue-Green involvement in drinking water quality management issues. Algae Circular. Competency and awareness based training for relevant staff A number of minor Blue-Green Algae (BGA) incidents occurred in 2018-19 included: over the 2018-19 financial year including Amphitheatre, Hepburn, • chlorine refresher training course Evansford and Tullaroop Reservoirs. Reporting to DELWP was undertaken as required. No reporting to DHHS was necessary. • chlorine gas and hypochlorite training course • sedimentation and clarification training course Sampling • water treatment operations training course Our 38 water sampling localities are tested at the source, • catchment water quality procedure training for field at treatment facilities, at tanks throughout the distribution services staff system and at specified customer taps, for microbiological, • seminar attendance on the revised Australian and New physical, chemical, radiological, health related organic Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality compounds and pesticide parameters. • provision of a three-month internship catchment water The actual testing regime at each of these four key locations quality project for an international tertiary environmental will vary depending upon the requirements of the monitoring engineering student program, which is reviewed annually. • use of online digital tool for catchment hazard reporting and Testing at customer taps within the water sampling localities trend analysis is conducted on a structured, but random, basis in accordance • induction to catchment drinking water procedures with the specified regulations. • use of mobile digital technology to quantify and assess The frequency of testing varies for each locality according to catchment and environmental assets population and risk. The geographic locations of designated customer sampling taps are selected to ensure representative • Water Industry Operators Association Network Operator samples are collected across the water sampling locality. Development Program • training in turbidity monitoring within the distribution system Monitoring program review for maintenance employees We completed a review of our water quality monitoring • case study based water quality awareness training program in 2018-19. for catchments, water resource and network maintenance field staff This incorporates any changes to the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003, Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 and the • attendance at the 6th Australian and New Zealand Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, as well as any identified Cyanobacteria Workshop risks to water supply systems. • Australian Drinking Water Guidelines training course The review includes the number and location of monitoring • Water Industry Operators Association conference sites, sampling frequencies and inclusion of additional • team based internal presentations on water quality monitoring for specific health and aesthetic parameters, and regulations making for a more robust system and ensuring the water • water quality procedural updates and procedure quality supplied to customers is safe to drink. awareness training Laboratory testing • water quality sampler training – employees involved in sampling completed refresher training in the collection, CHW has within its resources a National Association of handling and transportation of water samples. Testing Authorities registered laboratory to perform the majority of routine and non-routine testing. For our water treatment contractor, learning pathways are being provided for staff in accordance with the Victorian National Association of Testing Authorities accreditation Framework for Water Treatment Operator Competencies: ensures testing is conducted according to strict guidelines Best Practice Guidelines. Our contractor currently has three using quality assurance systems, and provides a high level of certified operators under the Water Industry Operators independence. The data supplied by the accredited laboratory Association (WIOA) operator competency certification. is used for all compliance reporting. In addition to this independent monitoring, we conduct operational Maintenance programs testing to further extend the monitoring of water supplies. We carried out maintenance programs on CHW assets to maintain and improve water quality. These include Control measures programmed mains flushing and air scouring, tank and basin cleaning, and treatment plant asset maintenance and Critical control points replacement programs. In line with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines and required under the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015, Continual improvement CHW has identified critical control points at its water A review of our risk management plan resulted in further treatment plants and water disinfection plants to manage additions to our water quality improvement plan in a continued critical operational activities that eliminate or reduce hazards effort to improve performance in future years. in drinking water to safe and/or acceptable levels.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 4 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT 19 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Performance monitoring and Water testing analysis compliance criteria Included in the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and the Safe During 2018-19, we scheduled specified microbiological and Drinking Water Regulations 2015 is mandatory National chemical performance monitoring in accordance with the Safe Association of Testing Authorities accreditation for Drinking Water Regulations 2015 (SDWR). laboratories. This includes a requirement to maintain qualified staff that are competent in the relevant field of analysis. CHW undertakes a comprehensive water quality monitoring program that includes collecting treated water samples Laboratory services are provided by our own ‘in house’ from entry points to the distribution system from the water laboratory. CHW’s laboratory service holds accreditation in the treatment plants, from network treated water storage tanks chemical and biological field. that exist within the system, and from a number of customer CHW and our laboratory are signatories to a service tap sites at the point of supply to the customer, which are level agreement which specifies the provision of taken at customer properties from dedicated sampling points laboratory services. prior to the customer’s water meter. Sampling can be summarised into two parts: treated water Compliance with drinking water from any storage/entry point, and customer taps. Most quality standards parameters listed in Tables 7-43 are tested at customer tap Central Highlands Water endeavours to maintain a high and locations (unless otherwise specified) and the data does not consistent level of compliance with all standards in the Safe include non-routine monitoring programs. Drinking Water Regulations 2015 and guideline values in the A review of aesthetic and health-related testing and Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. Details of performance monitoring needs is completed annually across all systems. are available in Tables 7-43 of this report. The monitoring frequency is determined through an understanding of the actual or potential risk to consumers. CHW determines the frequency of testing, which is representative of the water supplied to customers, on a case by case basis for each water sampling locality. We also conduct organic compound, pesticide and radiological sampling. Results feature in Tables 41-43.

20 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Compliance performance summary During 2018-19 no non-compliances occurred in our drinking water supplies. We deal with all non-compliances in accordance with established procedures and regulatory requirements. This may include site investigations, re-sampling, consideration of disinfectant levels, flushing, identifying areas for operational or capital improvements, and informing DHHS. All results complied with the water quality standards as defined in Regulation 12 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015. The following water supply systems did not meet the ‘good’ range defined in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) for the following parameters: • total dissolved solids – Waubra • hardness – Waubra Details of all results can be found in Tables 7-43. Understanding concentration and limits In most cases, standard limits are expressed as concentrations, which is the amount of substance dissolved in a certain volume of water. This allows for meaningful comparisons between different samples. For example, the symbol ‘mg/L’, widely used in this report, means milligrams per litre and indicates how many milligrams (a thousandth of a gram) of the substance is dissolved in every litre of water. Another way of expressing mg/L is parts per million. As is evident, water quality is concerned with measuring minute concentrations of substances. The symbol ‘<’ is used to denote ‘less than’. As an example, < 0.05 mg/L means that the concentration of a parameter tested in water should be less than 0.05 milligrams per litre (0.05 parts per million). Note that the following tables generally do not contain source water data unless explicitly stated.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 21 TABLE 7 Escherichia coli (E. coli) – CUSTOMER TAPS

Standard All samples of drinking water collected are found to contain no E. coli per 100mL, with the exception of any false positive sample (SDWR) Description Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a subgroup of coliforms which are a group of organisms which cannot reproduce outside the intestinal tract of warm blooded mammals, but can survive better than other pathogens in water. The presence of E. coli is a reliable health indicator of the presence of recent contamination from human or animal waste. Its presence most likely indicates a breach of a water quality barrier or contamination during the distribution of the water.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max result No. detections No. samples system of sampling samples (orgs/ and where 100 mL) investigations standard conducted not met (s. 22) (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Weekly 52 0 0 0 Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 0 0 0 Ballarat Central Weekly # 156 0 0 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 0 0 0 Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 0 0 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly # 72 0 0 0 Cardigan Village Weekly 52 0 0 0 Creswick Weekly 52 0 0 0 Enfield Weekly 52 0 0 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 0 0 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 0 0 0 Haddon Weekly 52 0 0 0 Lal Lal Weekly 52 0 0 0 Linton Weekly 52 0 0 0 Napoleons Weekly 52 0 0 0 Sebastopol Weekly # 72 0 0 0 Skipton Weekly 52 0 0 0 Smythesdale Weekly 52 0 0 0 Wendouree Weekly # 121 0 0 0 Beaufort Beaufort Weekly 52 0 0 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Weekly 52 0 0 0 Clunes Clunes Weekly 52 0 0 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Weekly 52 0 0 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Weekly 52 0 0 0 Dean Dean Weekly 52 0 0 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Weekly 52 0 0 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Weekly 52 0 0 0 Learmonth Learmonth Weekly 52 0 0 0 Lexton Lexton Weekly 52 0 0 0 Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 0 0 0 Bet Bet Weekly 52 0 0 0 Carisbrook Weekly 52 0 0 0 Daisy Hill Weekly 52 0 0 0 Majorca Weekly 52 0 0 0 Maryborough Weekly # 72 0 0 0 Talbot Weekly 52 0 0 0 Timor Weekly 52 0 0 0 Waubra Waubra Weekly 52 0 0 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Twice Monthly 24 3 N/A N/A Raglan * Twice Monthly 24 96 N/A N/A Redbank * Twice Monthly 24 0 N/A N/A

* Non-potable water supply system # Weekly sampling with increases for population (ADWG, Section 9.5.2)

22 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 1 Escherichia coli (E. coli) TRENDING – CUSTOMER TAPS

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: All samples of drinking water collected to contain no coli per 100 mL 2018-19 100

80 coli

20 Percentage samples with no 10

Ballan Lal Lal Linton Enﬁeld Haddon Skipton Creswick Napoleons Sebastopol Wendouree Smythesdale Ballarat Central Cardigan Village Bungaree / Wallace Fiskville / Glenmore Buninyong / Mt Helen Gordon / Mt Egerton Ballarat North / Nerrina Water sampling locality

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: All samples of drinking water collected to contain no coli per 100 mL 2018-19 100

80 coli

20 Percentage samples with no 10

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Blackwood / Barrys Reef Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 7 Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems have not been included in analysis. All potable systems have demonstrated compliance with the SDWR criteria.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 23 TABLE 8 Escherichia coli (E. coli) – ENTRY POINTS

Water supply Entry point sampling location Frequency No. of Max result No. detections No. samples system of sampling samples (orgs/ and where 100 mL) investigations standard conducted not met (s. 22) (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Ballarat Lal Lal CWS Twice Weekly * 97 0 0 0 White Swan CWS Basins Twice Weekly 104 0 0 0 Beaufort Beaufort CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Blackwood Blackwood CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Clunes Clunes CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Daylesford ^ Daylesford Low Level Basin Weekly 52 0 0 0 Dean Dean CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Landsborough Landsborough CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Learmonth Learmonth CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Lexton Lexton CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Maryborough Maryborough CWS Weekly 52 0 0 0 Waubra Waubra CWS Tanks Weekly 52 0 0 0

* The Lal Lal CWS was not used from 4 September 2018 to 19 September 2018, and 1 October 2018 to 5 October 2018 as the CWS was taken offline for maintenance ^ The Daylesford High Level Basin operated as the entry point for the Daylesford system from 20 June 2018 to 30 October 2018 as the Daylesford Low Level Basin was taken offline for maintenance

Compliance summary All potable entry point samples have demonstrated compliance with the SDWR criteria. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

24 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 9 Escherichia coli (E. coli) – NETWORK TREATED WATER STORAGES

Water supply Network treated water Frequency No. of Max result No. detections No. samples system storage of sampling # samples (orgs/ and where 100 mL) investigations standard conducted not met (s. 22) (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Ballarat Ballarat North Tanks Weekly 51 0 0 0 Ballan Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Ballarat Road Basin Weekly 51 0 0 0 Buninyong Tank Weekly $ 22 0 0 0 Cardigan Village Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Dereel Break Pressure Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Enfield Basin Weekly 51 0 0 0 Gordon Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Green Hill Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Hillview Road Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Lincoln Basin Weekly 51 0 0 0 Linton Basin Weekly 51 0 0 0 Mahers Road Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Mortchup Road Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Mount Egerton Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Mount Helen Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Mount Rowan Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Recreation Road Tank & Weekly 35 0 0 0 Smythesdale Basin Weekly 51 0 0 0 Tinworth Avenue Tank 1 Weekly 39 0 0 0 Wallace Tank (South) Weekly 51 0 0 0 Warrenheip Basin * Weekly 41 0 0 0 Wilson Street Tank Weekly 51 0 0 0 Daylesford ^ Daylesford High Level Basin Weekly 34 0 0 0 Forest Hill Smeaton Tanks Weekly 51 0 0 0

# Samples not taken over the Christmas/New Year period in accordance with the documented monitoring program $ Buninyong Tank is typically taken offline during low demand periods of the year & Recreation Road Tank taken offline for maintenance from 15 June 2018 to 18 October 2018 1 Tinworth Avenue Tank taken offline for maintenance from 11 April 2019 * Warrenheip Basin was not used from 21 June 2018 to 7 September 2018 ^ The Daylesford High Level Basin operated as the entry point for the Daylesford system from 20 June 2018 to 30 October 2018 as the Daylesford Low Level Basin was taken offline for maintenance

Compliance summary All potable tank samples have demonstrated compliance with the SDWR criteria. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 25 TABLE 10 TRIHALOMETHANES

Standard Must not exceed 0.25 mg/L (SDWR) Description Trihalomethanes (THMs) are a range of organic compounds formed when chlorine reacts with naturally occurring organic matter in water supplies.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Mean No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 0.022 0.011 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.074 0.060 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.060 0.045 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 0.045 0.038 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.072 0.058 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.061 0.049 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 0.051 0.040 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.040 0.033 0 Enfield Monthly 12 0.038 0.031 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.076 0.060 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.074 0.059 0 Haddon Monthly 12 0.057 0.045 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.062 0.052 0 Linton Monthly 12 0.046 0.038 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 0.062 0.051 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.060 0.050 0 Skipton Monthly 12 0.057 0.045 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.045 0.037 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 0.045 0.037 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.058 0.043 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef - - - - - Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 0.210 0.138 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.052 0.039 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.053 0.039 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 0.025 0.013 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 0.012 0.007 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 0.039 0.024 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 0.007 0.005 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 0.042 0.018 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.054 0.040 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.055 0.040 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.053 0.040 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 0.053 0.040 0 Majorca Monthly 12 0.059 0.040 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 0.052 0.038 0 Talbot Monthly 12 0.057 0.041 0 Timor Monthly 12 0.055 0.040 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 0.007 0.005 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

26 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 2 TRIHALOMETHANES TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.25 mg/L Maximum values used 2018-19 0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10 Trihalomethanes (mg/L) 0.05

0.00

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.25 mg/L Maximum values used 2018-19 0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10 Trihalomethanes (mg/L) 0.05

0.00

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Trending summary Elevated trihalomethane results from the 2016-17 and 2017-18 financial years in the Ballarat water supply system were due to planned temporary changes to free chlorine to mitigate nitrification effects. THM levels returned to those normally observed at the completion of the nitrification mitigation programs when the disinfection mode was returned to chloramination.

Compliance summary Refer to Table 10 All systems sampled for THMs have demonstrated compliance with the SDWR criteria. No THM testing was conducted within the Blackwood system as chlorine disinfection is not used at the Blackwood Water Treatment Plant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 27 TABLE 11 TURBIDITY – CUSTOMER TAPS

Standard 95th percentile of drinking water samples collected in preceding 12 months must be less than or equal to 5.0 NTU (SDWR) Description Turbidity describes the cloudiness of the water and is caused by the presence of suspended material such as clay, silt and finely divided organic material. Levels less than 1 NTU are desirable for effective disinfection.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max 95th Standard met system of sampling samples (NTU) percentile (s. 18) (NTU) Yes/No DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Weekly 52 0.2 0.2 Yes Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 0.6 0.3 Yes Ballarat Central Weekly # 156 2.2 0.3 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 0.5 0.4 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 0.5 0.4 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly # 72 0.6 0.4 Yes Cardigan Village Weekly 52 0.3 0.3 Yes Creswick Weekly 52 0.4 0.4 Yes Enfield Weekly 52 0.5 0.5 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 0.9 0.5 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 0.6 0.4 Yes Haddon Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Lal Lal Weekly 52 0.6 0.3 Yes Linton Weekly 52 0.7 0.5 Yes Napoleons Weekly 52 0.6 0.3 Yes Sebastopol Weekly # 72 0.6 0.3 Yes Skipton Weekly 52 0.3 0.3 Yes Smythesdale Weekly 52 0.5 0.3 Yes Wendouree Weekly # 121 0.4 0.3 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Weekly 52 1.6 0.6 Yes Clunes Clunes Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Weekly 52 0.8 0.4 Yes Dean Dean Weekly 52 0.6 0.4 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Weekly 52 0.2 0.2 Yes Lexton Lexton Weekly 52 0.3 0.3 Yes Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 0.5 0.3 Yes Bet Bet Weekly 52 0.5 0.4 Yes Carisbrook Weekly 52 0.5 0.3 Yes Daisy Hill Weekly 52 0.5 0.3 Yes Majorca Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Maryborough Weekly # 72 0.5 0.3 Yes Talbot Weekly 52 0.4 0.3 Yes Timor Weekly 52 1.0 0.8 Yes Waubra Waubra Weekly 52 0.8 0.3 Yes REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Twice Monthly 24 15.0 14.8 N/A Raglan * Twice Monthly 24 2.5 2.4 N/A Redbank * Twice Monthly 24 2.0 2.0 N/A

* Non-potable water supply system # Weekly sampling with increases for population (ADWG, Section 9.5.2)

28 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 3 TURBIDITY TRENDING – CUSTOMER TAPS

2016-17 Standard: 95th percentile of drinking water samples collected 2017-18 in the preceding 12 months must be less than or equal to 5.0 NTU 2018-19 5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0 Turbidity – 95th percentile (NTU) 0.5

0.0

2016-17 Standard: 95th percentile of drinking water samples collected 2017-18 in the preceding 12 months must be less than or equal to 5.0 NTU 2018-19 5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0 Turbidity – 95th percentile (NTU) 0.5

0.0

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Blackwood / Barrys Reef Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 11 Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems have not been included in analysis. All drinking water systems sampled for turbidity were compliant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 29 TABLE 12 TURBIDITY – ENTRY POINTS

Water supply Entry point sampling location Frequency No. of Max 95th Standard met system of sampling samples (NTU) percentile ^ (s. 18) (NTU) Yes/No DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca CWS Weekly 52 0.2 0.2 Yes Ballarat Lal Lal CWS Twice Weekly * 97 0.5 0.4 Yes White Swan CWS Basins Twice Weekly 104 0.5 0.4 Yes Beaufort Beaufort CWS Weekly 52 0.2 0.2 Yes Blackwood Blackwood CWS Weekly 52 0.5 0.3 Yes Clunes Clunes CWS Weekly 52 0.3 0.3 Yes Daylesford # Daylesford Low Level Basin Weekly 52 0.5 0.4 Yes Dean Dean CWS Monthly 12 0.6 0.5 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill CWS Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Landsborough Landsborough CWS Weekly 52 1.0 0.3 Yes Learmonth Learmonth CWS Monthly 12 0.2 0.2 Yes Lexton Lexton CWS Weekly 52 0.3 0.2 Yes Maryborough Maryborough CWS Weekly 52 0.5 0.3 Yes Waubra Waubra CWS Tanks Monthly 12 0.2 0.2 Yes

^ For sample numbers over 18 an exclusive percentile function in a commercial software program is used, otherwise an inclusive function is used * The Lal Lal CWS was not used from 4 September 2018 to 19 September 2018, and 1 October 2018 to 5 October 2018 as the CWS was taken offline for maintenance # The Daylesford High Level Basin operated as the entry point for the Daylesford system from 20 June 2018 to 30 October 2018 as the Daylesford Low Level Basin was taken offline for maintenance

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for turbidity were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

30 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 13 TURBIDITY – NETWORK TREATED WATER STORAGES

Water supply Network treated water Frequency No. of Max 95th Standard met system storage of sampling # samples (NTU) percentile # (s. 18) (NTU) Yes/No DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Ballarat Ballarat North Tanks Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes Ballan Tank Monthly 12 0.3 0.2 Yes Ballarat Road Basin Monthly 12 0.3 0.3 Yes Buninyong Tank Monthly $ 6 1.3 1.1 Yes Cardigan Village Tank Monthly 12 0.6 0.5 Yes Dereel Break Pressure Tank Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes Enfield Basin Monthly 12 0.2 0.2 Yes Gordon Tank Monthly 12 0.3 0.3 Yes Green Hill Tank Monthly 12 0.5 0.4 Yes Hillview Road Tank Monthly 12 0.3 0.3 Yes Lincoln Basin Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes Linton Basin Monthly 12 0.4 0.4 Yes Mahers Road Tank Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes Mortchup Road Tank Monthly 12 0.7 0.6 Yes Mount Egerton Tank Monthly 12 0.3 0.3 Yes Mount Helen Tank Monthly 12 0.5 0.4 Yes Mount Rowan Tank Monthly 12 0.7 0.6 Yes Recreation Road Tank 1 Monthly 8 0.3 0.2 Yes Smythesdale Basin Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes Tinworth Avenue Tank 2 Monthly 10 0.3 0.3 Yes Wallace Tank (South) Monthly 12 0.7 0.7 Yes Warrenheip Basin * Monthly 9 0.2 0.2 Yes Wilson Street Tank Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes Daylesford ^ Daylesford High Level Basin Monthly 8 0.6 0.5 Yes Forest Hill Smeaton Tanks Monthly 12 0.4 0.3 Yes

# For sample numbers over 18 an exclusive percentile function in a commercial software program is used, otherwise an inclusive function is used $ Buninyong Tank is typically taken offline during low demand periods of the year 1 Recreation Road Tank taken offline for maintenance from 15 June 2018 to 18 October 2018 2 Tinworth Avenue Tank taken offline for maintenance from 11 April 2019 * Warrenheip Basin was not used from 21 June 2018 to 7 September 2018 ^ The Daylesford High Level Basin operated as the entry point for the Daylesford system from 20 June 2018 to 30 October 2018 as the Daylesford Low Level Basin was taken offline for maintenance

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for turbidity were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 31 TABLE 14 FLUORIDE

Standard Less than 1.5 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Mean result must not exceed 1.0 mg/L (Health [Fluoridation] Act 1973) Description Fluoride is added to the Ballarat and district and Maryborough and district supplies. Fluoride detections in other systems are from naturally occurring sources only.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Operating Max Mean No. samples system of sampling samples target (mg/L) (mg/L) where (mg/L) standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Annually 1 - 0.04 0.04 - Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 0.9 0.93 0.84 0 Ballarat Central Weekly 52 0.9 0.92 0.86 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 0.9 0.90 0.86 0 Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 0.9 0.94 0.85 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly 52 0.9 0.94 0.86 0 Cardigan Village Weekly 52 0.9 0.91 0.86 0 Creswick Weekly 52 0.9 0.90 0.86 0 Enfield Weekly 52 0.9 0.93 0.86 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 0.9 0.93 0.85 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 0.9 0.93 0.85 0 Haddon Weekly 52 0.9 0.90 0.85 0 Lal Lal Weekly 52 0.9 1.0 0.86 0 Linton Weekly 52 0.9 0.92 0.86 0 Napoleons Weekly 52 0.9 0.93 0.86 0 Sebastopol Weekly 52 0.9 0.93 0.86 0 Skipton Weekly 52 0.9 0.92 0.85 0 Smythesdale Weekly 52 0.9 0.91 0.85 0 Wendouree Weekly 52 0.9 0.90 0.86 0 Beaufort Beaufort Annually 1 - 0.03 0.03 - Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Annually 1 - 0.02 0.02 - Clunes Clunes Annually 1 - 0.32 0.32 - Daylesford Daylesford High Level Annually 1 - 0.02 0.02 - Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Annually 1 - 0.02 0.02 - Dean Dean Annually 1 - 0.03 0.03 - Forest Hill Forest Hill Annually 1 - 0.05 0.05 - Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Annually 1 - 0.22 0.22 - Learmonth Learmonth Annually 1 - 0.04 0.04 - Lexton Lexton Annually 1 - 0.30 0.30 - Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 0.9 1.0 0.89 0 Bet Bet Weekly 52 0.9 0.98 0.89 0 Carisbrook Weekly 52 0.9 0.99 0.89 0 Daisy Hill Weekly 52 0.9 0.99 0.89 0 Majorca Weekly 52 0.9 0.99 0.89 0 Maryborough Weekly 52 0.9 0.99 0.89 0 Talbot Weekly 52 0.9 0.99 0.89 0 Timor Weekly 52 0.9 0.98 0.89 0 Waubra Waubra Annually 1 - 0.10 0.10 - REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * ------Raglan * ------Redbank * ------

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

32 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 4 FLUORIDE TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Maximum concentration must not exceed 1.5 mg/L 2018-19 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Maximum ﬂuoride (mg/L) 0.0

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Maximum concentration must not exceed 1.5 mg/L 2018-19 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Maximum ﬂuoride (mg/L) 0.0

Alma Talbot Timor Bet Bet Daisy Hill Majorca Carisbrook Maryborough Water sampling locality

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Mean concentration must be less than or equal to 1.0 mg/L 2018-19 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Mean ﬂuoride (mg/L) 0.0

Alma Talbot Timor Bet Bet Daisy Hill Majorca Carisbrook Maryborough Water sampling locality

Compliance summary Refer to Table 14 Both the Ballarat and district and the Maryborough and district water supplies are the only CHW systems that are fluoridated. All relevant drinking water systems sampled for fluoride were compliant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 33 TABLE 15 CHLOROACETIC ACID

Standard Must not exceed 0.15 mg/L (ADWG) Description Chloroacetic acids are produced in drinking water as a by-product of the reaction between chlorine and naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Creswick Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Enfield Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.007 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Haddon Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Linton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Skipton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef - - - - Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Majorca Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Talbot Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Timor Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - Raglan * - - - - Redbank * - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

34 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 5 CHLOROACETIC ACID TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.15 mg/L 2018-19 0.150

0.125

0.100

0.075

0.050 Chloroacetic acid (mg/L)

0.025

0.000

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.15 mg/L 2018-19 0.150

0.125

0.100

0.075

0.050 Chloroacetic acid (mg/L)

0.025

0.000

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 15 All drinking water systems sampled for chloroacetic acid were compliant. No chloroacetic acid testing was conducted within the Blackwood system as chlorine disinfection is not used at the Blackwood Water Treatment Plant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 35 TABLE 16 DICHLOROACETIC ACID

Standard Must not exceed 0.1 mg/L (ADWG) Description Dichloroacetic acids are produced in drinking water as a by-product of the reaction between chlorine and naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.015 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.011 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 0.009 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.016 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.013 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 0.011 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.009 0 Enfield Monthly 12 0.016 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.034 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.022 0 Haddon Monthly 12 0.012 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.021 0 Linton Monthly 12 0.012 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 0.013 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.012 0 Skipton Monthly 12 0.012 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.013 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 0.011 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.009 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef - - - - Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.013 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.014 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.008 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.008 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.006 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 0.009 0 Majorca Monthly 12 0.007 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 0.006 0 Talbot Monthly 12 0.008 0 Timor Monthly 12 0.008 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - Raglan * - - - - Redbank * - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

36 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 6 DICHLOROACETIC ACID TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.1 mg/L 2018-19 0.100

0.075

0.050

0.025 Dichloroacetic acid (mg/L)

0.000

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.1 mg/L 2018-19 0.100

0.075

0.050

0.025 Dichloroacetic acid (mg/L)

0.000

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 16 All drinking water systems sampled for dichloroacetic acid were compliant. No dichloroacetic acid testing was conducted within the Blackwood system as chlorine disinfection is not used at the Blackwood Water Treatment Plant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 37 TABLE 17 TRICHLOROACETIC ACID

Standard Must not exceed 0.1 mg/L (ADWG) Description Trichloroacetic acids are produced in drinking water as a by-product of the reaction between chlorine and naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.006 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.005 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.007 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.006 0 Enfield Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.007 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.007 0 Haddon Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.006 0 Linton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Skipton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.009 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef - - - - Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.013 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.013 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Majorca Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Talbot Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Timor Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 < 0.005 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - Raglan * - - - - Redbank * - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

38 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 7 TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.1 mg/L 2018-19 0.100

0.075

0.050

0.025 Trichloroacetic acid (mg/L)

0.000

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.1 mg/L 2018-19 0.100

0.075

0.050

0.025 Trichloroacetic acid (mg/L)

0.000

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 17 All drinking water systems sampled for trichloroacetic acid were compliant. No trichloroacetic acid testing was conducted within the Blackwood system as chlorine disinfection is not used at the Blackwood Water Treatment Plant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 39 TABLE 18 BROMATE

Standard Must not exceed 0.02 mg/L (ADWG) Description Bromate is not a normal component of water, but may be formed from bromide during ozonation.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 < 0.01 0

FIGURE 8 BROMATE TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.02 mg/L 2018-19 0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02 Bromate (mg/L)

0.01

0.00 Clunes

Water sampling locality

Compliance summary Refer to Table 18 Clunes is the only system at Central Highlands Water to use ozonation. The Clunes system was compliant for bromate.

40 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 19 FORMALDEHYDE

Standard Must not exceed 0.5 mg/L (ADWG) Description Formaldehyde may be present in drinking water through ozonation of naturally occurring humic material, contamination by accidental spills or deposition from the atmosphere.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 < 0.05 0

FIGURE 9 FORMALDEHYDE TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.5 mg/L 2018-19 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2 Formaldehyde (mg/L)

0.1

0.0 Clunes

Water sampling locality

Compliance summary Refer to Table 19 Clunes is the only system at Central Highlands Water to use ozonation. The Clunes system was compliant for formaldehyde.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 41 TABLE 20 ALUMINIUM (ACID SOLUBLE)

Guideline Must not exceed 0.2 mg/L (ADWG-AESTHETIC) Description Aluminium may be present in water due to natural leaching from rock or soil. Aluminium is also used as a coagulant to assist filtration effectiveness, however is removed during the treatment process.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) above aesthetic guideline DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 < 0.01 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.02 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.03 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 0.05 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.03 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.03 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 0.04 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.05 0 Enfield Monthly 12 0.04 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.04 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.03 0 Haddon Monthly 12 0.04 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.04 0 Linton Monthly 12 0.04 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 0.04 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.05 0 Skipton Monthly 12 0.04 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.03 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 0.05 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.03 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 0.07 0 Clunes Clunes - - - - Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.02 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.03 0 Dean Dean - - - - Forest Hill Forest Hill - - - - Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre - - - - Learmonth Learmonth - - - - Lexton Lexton - - - - Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.04 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.04 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.04 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 0.04 0 Majorca Monthly 12 0.04 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 0.04 0 Talbot Monthly 12 0.04 0 Timor Monthly 12 0.04 0 Waubra Waubra - - - - REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - Raglan * - - - - Redbank * - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

42 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 10 ALUMINIUM (ACID SOLUBLE) TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.2 mg/L 2018-19 0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

Aluminium – Acid Soluble (mg/L) 0.05

0.00

2016-17 2017-18 Standard: Must not exceed 0.2 mg/L 2018-19 0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05 Aluminium – Acid Soluble (mg/L)

0.00

Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Blackwood / Barrys Reef Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Trending summary A single elevated result from the 2017-18 financial year in the Ballan water sampling locality (Ballarat system) was due to temporary water main sediment disturbance associated with a major burst.

Compliance summary Refer to Table 20 All drinking water systems sampled for aluminium (acid soluble) were below the aesthetic guideline value. Parameter only tested where an aluminium based coagulant is used as part of the treatment process.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 43 TABLE 21 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – pH

Guideline Greater than 6.5 and less than 8.5 units desirable, up to 9.2 is acceptable provided microbiological performance is satisfactory (ADWG) Description The pH of a water sample is an indicator of the acidity or alkalinity of the water. Water with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. Concrete tanks and cement mortar lined pipes can significantly increase pH. For aesthetic reasons, and to reduce the risk of corrosion, it is preferable that pH is maintained between 6.5 and 8.5 units. pH values up to 9.2 may be tolerated provided monitoring indicates no deterioration in microbial quality.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Mean Max Min Locality system of sampling samples meeting guideline criteria (Yes/No) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Weekly 52 7.4 7.8 7.1 Yes Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 8.4 8.9 7.6 Yes Ballarat Central Weekly # 156 8.2 8.5 7.8 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 8.0 8.5 7.2 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 8.6 9.0 7.9 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly # 72 8.3 8.5 7.9 Yes Cardigan Village Weekly 52 8.4 8.6 8.1 Yes Creswick Weekly 52 8.0 8.3 7.5 Yes Enfield Weekly 52 8.5 8.9 7.8 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 8.5 8.9 7.9 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 8.4 8.8 8.1 Yes Haddon Weekly 52 8.5 8.9 8.0 Yes Lal Lal Weekly 52 8.3 9.2 7.9 Yes Linton Weekly 52 8.5 8.8 8.2 Yes Napoleons Weekly 52 8.4 8.8 8.1 Yes Sebastopol Weekly # 72 8.2 8.6 7.8 Yes Skipton Weekly 52 8.6 9.0 8.1 Yes Smythesdale Weekly 52 8.3 8.9 7.6 Yes Wendouree Weekly # 121 8.2 8.9 7.8 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Weekly 52 7.5 8.8 7.0 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Weekly 52 8.3 9.7 7.2 Yes a Clunes Clunes Weekly 52 7.8 8.0 7.6 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Weekly 52 7.4 7.8 7.1 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Weekly 52 7.4 7.7 7.1 Yes Dean Dean Weekly 52 7.2 8.0 6.8 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Weekly 52 8.1 8.7 7.5 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Weekly 52 7.5 7.9 7.2 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Weekly 52 8.1 8.5 7.7 Yes Lexton Lexton Weekly 52 7.8 8.3 7.5 Yes Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 8.5 8.7 8.3 Yes Bet Bet Weekly 52 8.7 8.9 8.4 Yes Carisbrook Weekly 52 8.6 8.8 8.4 Yes Daisy Hill Weekly 52 8.7 8.9 8.5 Yes Majorca Weekly 52 8.7 8.9 8.5 Yes Maryborough Weekly # 72 8.6 8.7 8.4 Yes Talbot Weekly 52 8.7 9.0 8.5 Yes Timor Weekly 52 8.7 9.0 8.5 Yes Waubra Waubra Weekly 52 7.0 7.2 6.9 Yes REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Twice Monthly 24 6.9 7.7 6.6 N/A Raglan * Twice Monthly 24 6.9 7.9 6.1 N/A Redbank * Twice Monthly 24 7.1 7.2 6.7 N/A

* Non-potable water supply system a Considered to meet guidelines if the mean is within the guideline values of 6.5 to 9.2 (ADWG, Section 10.3.3) # Weekly sampling with increases for population (ADWG, Section 9.5.2)

44 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 11 pH TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Guideline: Greater than 6.5 and less than 9.2 units Averages used 2018-19 10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0 pH

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

2016-17 2017-18 Guideline: Greater than 6.5 and less than 9.2 units Averages used 2018-19 10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0 pH

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Blackwood / Barrys Reef Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 21 Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems have not been included in analysis. All systems sampled for pH were compliant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 45 TABLE 22 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

Guideline Less than 600 mg/L (ADWG) Description Total dissolved solids (TDS) represents the total amount of material dissolved in the water and includes materials such as carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The palatability of drinking water may be affected with increasing TDS levels.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Mean Max Min Locality system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) meeting guideline criteria (Yes/No) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Weekly 52 314 330 295 Yes Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 270 290 165 Yes Ballarat Central Weekly # 156 207 285 155 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 162 175 155 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 269 285 190 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly # 72 241 285 155 Yes Cardigan Village Weekly 52 180 255 155 Yes Creswick Weekly 52 164 275 155 Yes Enfield Weekly 52 242 285 165 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 268 290 165 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 267 285 165 Yes Haddon Weekly 52 226 280 160 Yes Lal Lal Weekly 52 248 285 160 Yes Linton Weekly 52 231 280 160 Yes Napoleons Weekly 52 239 285 160 Yes Sebastopol Weekly # 72 235 285 160 Yes Skipton Weekly 52 231 280 160 Yes Smythesdale Weekly 52 230 275 160 Yes Wendouree Weekly # 121 176 285 150 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Weekly 52 80 100 70 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Weekly 52 62 95 50 Yes Clunes Clunes Weekly 52 335 360 320 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Weekly 52 83 110 65 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Weekly 52 83 115 65 Yes Dean Dean Weekly 52 138 165 125 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Weekly 52 237 250 215 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Weekly 52 457 485 440 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Weekly 52 284 290 275 Yes Lexton Lexton Weekly 52 404 415 395 Yes Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 373 445 260 Yes Bet Bet Weekly 52 374 450 260 Yes Carisbrook Weekly 52 373 445 300 Yes Daisy Hill Weekly 52 372 445 265 Yes Majorca Weekly 52 374 445 305 Yes Maryborough Weekly # 72 372 445 265 Yes Talbot Weekly 52 373 445 250 Yes Timor Weekly 52 375 450 260 Yes Waubra Waubra Weekly 52 678 700 650 No REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * ------Raglan * ------Redbank * ------

* Non-potable water supply system Considered to meet guidelines if the mean is less than the guideline value (ADWG, Section 10.3.3) # Weekly sampling with increases for population (ADWG, Section 9.5.2) - Not applicable Total dissolved solids data derived from electrical conductivity data (x 0.5)

46 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 12 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Guideline: Less than 600 mg/L Averages used 2018-19 700

600

500

400

300

200 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) 100

2016-17 2017-18 Guideline: Less than 600 mg/L Averages used 2018-19 1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200 Total dissolved solids (mg/L)

100

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Blackwood / Barrys Reef Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 22 All systems sampled for TDS were compliant, with the exception of Waubra which sources its water from groundwater supplies with increased TDS levels. CHW has consulted with the community and is investigating preferred options to improve the aesthetic quality of the Waubra water supply.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 47 TABLE 23 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – TRUE COLOUR

Guideline Less than 15 HU (ADWG), equivalent to platinum-cobalt (Pt.Co.) units Description Colour is the actual true appearance of the water with suspended material removed. Colour can result from organic matter, sources of algae or inorganic materials such as manganese, copper and iron.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Mean Max Min Locality system of sampling samples (HU) (HU) (HU) meeting guideline criteria (Yes/No) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Weekly 52 1 3 < 1 Yes Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Ballarat Central Weekly # 156 2 4 < 1 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 2 5 < 1 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly # 72 2 5 < 1 Yes Cardigan Village Weekly 52 2 3 < 1 Yes Creswick Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Enfield Weekly 52 2 3 < 1 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Haddon Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Lal Lal Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Linton Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Napoleons Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Sebastopol Weekly # 72 2 4 < 1 Yes Skipton Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Smythesdale Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Wendouree Weekly # 121 2 5 < 1 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Weekly 52 1 4 < 1 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Weekly 52 2 5 < 1 Yes Clunes Clunes Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Weekly 52 1 4 < 1 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Weekly 52 1 4 < 1 Yes Dean Dean Weekly 52 1 4 < 1 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Weekly 52 1 3 < 1 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Weekly 52 2 3 < 1 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Weekly 52 1 4 < 1 Yes Lexton Lexton Weekly 52 1 3 < 1 Yes Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Bet Bet Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Carisbrook Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Daisy Hill Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Majorca Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Maryborough Weekly # 72 2 4 < 1 Yes Talbot Weekly 52 2 4 < 1 Yes Timor Weekly 52 2 5 < 1 Yes Waubra Waubra Weekly 52 1 4 < 1 Yes REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Twice Monthly 24 6 16 < 1 N/A Raglan * Twice Monthly 24 24 60 < 1 N/A Redbank * Twice Monthly 24 1 3 < 1 N/A

* Non-potable water supply system # Weekly sampling with increases for population (ADWG, Section 9.5.2)

48 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS FIGURE 13 TRUE COLOUR TRENDING

2016-17 2017-18 Guideline: Less than 15 HU Averages used 2018-19 16

Colour (HU) 6

2016-17 2017-18 Guideline: Less than 15 HU Averages used 2018-19 16

Colour (HU) 6

Dean Alma Avoca Talbot Timor Clunes Lexton Bet Bet Beaufort Daisy Hill Majorca Waubra Forest Hill Learmonth Carisbrook Maryborough

Daylesford High Level Blackwood / Barrys Reef Landsborough / Navarre Water sampling locality Daylesford Low Level / Hepburn

Compliance summary Refer to Table 23 Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems have not been included in trending analysis. All systems sampled for colour were compliant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 49 TABLE 24 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – HARDNESS

Guideline Less than 200 mg/L (ADWG) Description Hardness is predominantly caused by calcium and magnesium ions and is a parameter unique to the water source and does not normally vary significantly. Hard water sometimes causes difficulty in creating a lather with soap and it can also form a deposit on hot water pipes and fittings under certain conditions.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Mean Max Min Locality system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) meeting guideline criteria (Yes/No) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 154 160 140 Yes Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 121 130 110 Yes Ballarat Central Monthly 12 102 120 81 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 86 90 82 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 123 130 110 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 110 130 87 Yes Cardigan Village Monthly 12 93 110 85 Yes Creswick Monthly 12 86 91 81 Yes Enfield Monthly 12 116 130 92 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 120 130 89 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 119 130 100 Yes Haddon Monthly 12 108 130 83 Yes Lal Lal Monthly 12 112 120 80 Yes Linton Monthly 12 112 120 87 Yes Napoleons Monthly 12 111 130 88 Yes Sebastopol Monthly 12 109 120 87 Yes Skipton Monthly 12 109 120 87 Yes Smythesdale Monthly 12 108 120 84 Yes Wendouree Monthly 12 87 93 82 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 25 36 20 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 28 53 20 Yes Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 71 80 65 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 30 48 16 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 31 48 16 Yes Dean Dean Monthly 12 100 130 87 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 99 110 91 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 42 52 37 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 119 130 110 Yes Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 169 180 140 Yes Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 170 220 130 Yes a Bet Bet Monthly 12 170 220 130 Yes a Carisbrook Monthly 12 171 220 130 Yes a Daisy Hill Monthly 12 173 220 130 Yes a Majorca Monthly 12 171 220 130 Yes a Maryborough Monthly 12 170 220 130 Yes a Talbot Monthly 12 173 220 130 Yes a Timor Monthly 12 173 220 130 Yes a Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 431 450 410 No REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * ------Raglan * ------Redbank * ------

* Non-potable water supply system a Considered to meet guidelines if the mean is less than the guideline value (ADWG, Section 10.3.3) - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for hardness were compliant, with the exception of the Waubra water supply system. Waubra sources its water from groundwater supplies with increased hardness levels. CHW has consulted with the community and is investigating preferred options to improve the aesthetic quality of the Waubra water supply.

50 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 25 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – IRON

Guideline Less than 0.3 mg/L (ADWG) Description Iron occurs naturally in surface water, but is found in higher levels in oxygen-depleted groundwater. A change in taste may be noticed above 0.3 mg/L and higher levels may cause stained laundry and plumbing fittings. Iron does not pose a health risk at concentrations found in water supplies.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min Locality system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) meeting guideline criteria (Yes/No) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.06 < 0.01 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Cardigan Village Monthly 12 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Creswick Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Enfield Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.04 < 0.01 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Haddon Monthly 12 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Linton Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Napoleons Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.06 < 0.01 Yes Skipton Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Wendouree Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.06 < 0.01 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 0.10 < 0.01 Yes Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 0.17 0.03 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes Dean Dean Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 0.08 < 0.01 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 0.04 < 0.01 Yes Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.04 < 0.01 Yes Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Daisy Hill Monthly 12 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Majorca Monthly 12 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Maryborough Monthly 12 0.02 < 0.01 Yes Talbot Monthly 12 < 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Timor Monthly 12 0.01 < 0.01 Yes Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 0.03 < 0.01 Yes REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Monthly 12 1.20 0.08 N/A Raglan * Monthly 12 0.18 < 0.01 N/A Redbank * Monthly 12 0.12 0.02 N/A

* Non-potable water supply system

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for iron were below the aesthetic guideline. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 51 TABLE 26 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – ZINC

Guideline Less than 3 mg/L (ADWG) Description Zinc is widely distributed and occurs in small amounts in almost all rocks, commonly as the sulphide. Tap water can contain zinc as a result of the corrosion of zinc coated pipes and fittings. The guideline value is based on aesthetic considerations.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min Locality system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) meeting guideline criteria (Yes/No) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 0.060 0.013 Yes Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 Yes Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.008 < 0.001 Yes Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 Yes Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.005 0.001 Yes Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.006 < 0.001 Yes Cardigan Village Monthly 12 0.038 < 0.001 Yes Creswick Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 Yes Enfield Monthly 12 0.005 0.001 Yes Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.005 0.001 Yes Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.008 0.001 Yes Haddon Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 Yes Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 Yes Linton Monthly 12 0.008 < 0.001 Yes Napoleons Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 Yes Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 Yes Skipton Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 Yes Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.004 0.001 Yes Wendouree Monthly 12 0.026 < 0.001 Yes Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.017 0.001 Yes Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 0.012 0.001 Yes Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 0.018 0.002 Yes Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.004 0.001 Yes Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.024 0.001 Yes Dean Dean Monthly 12 0.018 0.004 Yes Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 0.010 0.001 Yes Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 0.026 0.002 Yes Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 0.018 < 0.001 Yes Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 0.140 0.003 Yes Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.016 < 0.001 Yes Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 Yes Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 Yes Daisy Hill Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 Yes Majorca Monthly 12 0.021 < 0.001 Yes Maryborough Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 Yes Talbot Monthly 12 0.064 < 0.001 Yes Timor Monthly 12 0.014 < 0.001 Yes Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 0.013 0.001 Yes REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for zinc were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

52 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 27 AESTHETIC PARAMETERS – TOTAL ALKALINITY

Guideline There is no health or aesthetic limit for alkalinity Description Total alkalinity is a measure of the ability of the water to buffer changes in pH. Water alkalinity is dependent upon many factors including the nature of the source water and the type of treatment applied to the water. Alkalinity data in the table below is from water treatment plant clear water storages.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Mean Max Min of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Monthly 12 57 62 52 Ballarat Monthly # 22 76 100 58 Beaufort Monthly 12 20 27 14 Blackwood Monthly 12 21 49 15 Clunes Monthly 12 106 120 91 Daylesford Monthly 12 34 60 13 Dean Quarterly 4 99 120 89 Forest Hill Monthly 12 49 53 43 Landsborough Monthly 12 149 170 18 Learmonth Quarterly 4 170 180 160 Lexton Quarterly 4 193 200 190 Maryborough Monthly 12 123 160 110 Waubra Quarterly 4 185 190 180

# Ballarat includes monthly samples at both Lal Lal and White Swan clear water storages, hence the total of 22 samples The Lal Lal CWS was not used from 4 September 2018 to 19 September 2018, and 1 October 2018 to 5 October 2018 as the CWS was taken offline for maintenance

Compliance summary There is no health or aesthetic limit for total alkalinity; the data displayed in the table is for information only.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 53 TABLE 28 OTHER SUBSTANCES – FREE CHLORINE

Standard Less than 5 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Free chlorine is an essential component added to disinfect the water and protect from disease-causing organisms.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Mean No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Weekly 52 0.97 0.59 0 Ballarat Ballan - - - - - Ballarat Central - - - - - Ballarat North/Nerrina - - - - - Bungaree/Wallace - - - - - Buninyong/Mt Helen - - - - - Cardigan Village - - - - - Creswick - - - - - Enfield - - - - - Fiskville/Glenmore - - - - - Gordon/Mt Egerton - - - - - Haddon - - - - - Lal Lal - - - - - Linton - - - - - Napoleons - - - - - Sebastopol - - - - - Skipton - - - - - Smythesdale - - - - - Wendouree - - - - - Beaufort Beaufort Weekly 52 0.76 0.48 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef - - - - - Clunes Clunes Weekly 52 0.77 0.50 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Weekly 52 1.20 0.62 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Weekly 52 1.24 0.71 0 Dean Dean Weekly 52 0.76 0.46 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Weekly 52 0.95 0.55 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Weekly 52 0.93 0.52 0 Learmonth Learmonth Weekly 52 0.89 0.57 0 Lexton Lexton Weekly 52 1.05 0.69 0 Maryborough Alma - - - - - Bet Bet - - - - - Carisbrook - - - - - Daisy Hill - - - - - Majorca - - - - - Maryborough - - - - - Talbot - - - - - Timor - - - - - Waubra Waubra Weekly 52 0.80 0.60 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for free chlorine were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident. Parameter only tested in free chlorine systems.

54 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 29 OTHER SUBSTANCES – MONOCHLORAMINE

Standard Less than 5 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Monochloramine is an essential component added to disinfect the water and protect from disease-causing organisms. Small amounts of chlorine gas and ammonia are added to the water to form monochloramines, providing a relatively long lasting disinfection residual.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Mean No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca - - - - - Ballarat Ballan Weekly 52 3.0 2.5 0 Ballarat Central Weekly # 156 2.8 2.4 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Weekly 52 2.7 2.5 0 Bungaree/Wallace Weekly 52 2.6 2.2 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Weekly # 72 2.7 2.3 0 Cardigan Village Weekly 52 2.6 2.4 0 Creswick Weekly 52 2.7 2.3 0 Enfield Weekly 52 2.1 1.1 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Weekly 52 2.9 2.4 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Weekly 52 2.9 2.6 0 Haddon Weekly 52 2.6 2.1 0 Lal Lal Weekly 52 2.9 2.4 0 Linton Weekly 52 2.4 1.7 0 Napoleons Weekly 52 2.5 2.2 0 Sebastopol Weekly # 72 2.8 2.3 0 Skipton Weekly 52 2.6 1.6 0 Smythesdale Weekly 52 2.4 1.8 0 Wendouree Weekly # 121 3.0 2.4 0 Beaufort Beaufort - - - - - Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef - - - - - Clunes Clunes - - - - - Daylesford Daylesford High Level - - - - - Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn - - - - - Dean Dean - - - - - Forest Hill Forest Hill - - - - - Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre - - - - - Learmonth Learmonth - - - - - Lexton Lexton - - - - - Maryborough Alma Weekly 52 2.0 1.7 0 Bet Bet Weekly 52 1.9 1.7 0 Carisbrook Weekly 52 2.0 1.7 0 Daisy Hill Weekly 52 2.1 1.8 0 Majorca Weekly 52 2.0 1.7 0 Maryborough Weekly # 72 2.1 1.9 0 Talbot Weekly 52 1.9 1.6 0 Timor Weekly 52 1.9 1.7 0 Waubra Waubra - - - - - REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

In this table, results are expressed as mg Cl as Cl2/L. The standard equates to 3 mg/L when expressed as monochloramine. # Weekly sampling with increases for population (ADWG, Section 9.5.2) * Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for monochloramine were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident. Parameter only tested in chloraminated systems.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 55 TABLE 30 OTHER SUBSTANCES – CADMIUM

Standard Less than 0.002 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Cadmium in drinking water potentially indicates contamination from industrial waste or impurities in galvanised (zinc) fittings, solders and brasses. The risk of cadmium contamination is considered very low.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Ballarat Ballan Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Ballarat Central Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Ballarat North / Nerrina Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Bungaree/Wallace Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Cardigan Village Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Creswick Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Enfield Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Haddon Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Lal Lal Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Linton Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Napoleons Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Sebastopol Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Skipton Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Smythesdale Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Wendouree Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Beaufort Beaufort Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Clunes Clunes Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Dean Dean Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Learmonth Learmonth Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Lexton Lexton Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Maryborough Alma Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Bet Bet Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Carisbrook Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Daisy Hill Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Majorca Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Maryborough Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Talbot Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Timor Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 Waubra Waubra Quarterly 4 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for cadmium were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

56 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 31 OTHER SUBSTANCES – COPPER

Standard Less than 2 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH); less than 1 mg/L (ADWG-AESTHETIC) Description Copper is widely distributed in rocks and soils as carbonate and sulphide minerals. Principal sources in water supplies are from the corrosion of brass and copper pipes. High levels may cause a metallic taste and cause blue staining on sanitary fittings.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) # DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 0.010 0.002 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.044 0.002 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.110 0.001 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 0.008 0.001 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.010 0.001 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.023 0.002 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 0.006 < 0.001 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.023 0.002 0 Enfield Monthly 12 0.023 < 0.001 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 0 Haddon Monthly 12 0.013 0.001 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.006 < 0.001 0 Linton Monthly 12 0.005 0.001 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.005 0.001 0 Skipton Monthly 12 0.007 0.001 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 0.042 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.034 0.003 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 0.026 < 0.001 0 Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 0.012 0.001 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.025 0.004 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 0.031 0.002 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 0.026 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 0.006 < 0.001 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 0.013 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.006 0.002 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.011 0.003 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.013 0.004 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 0.035 < 0.001 0 Majorca Monthly 12 0.015 0.002 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 0.010 0.001 0 Talbot Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 0 Timor Monthly 12 0.025 0.004 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 0.028 0.003 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Monthly 12 0.520 0.028 0 Raglan * Monthly 12 0.160 0.003 0 Redbank * Monthly 12 0.040 0.002 0

* Non-potable water supply system # Standard relates to health limit

Compliance summary Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems have not been included in analysis. All systems sampled for copper were compliant with the ADWG health and aesthetic guidelines. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 57 TABLE 32 OTHER SUBSTANCES – LEAD

Standard Less than 0.01 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Lead occurs in water through dissolution from natural sources or rare occasions where household plumbing contains lead (eg. pipes, solder). Lead contamination in the reticulation is considered a low risk.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.011 ^ < 0.001 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Enfield Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Haddon Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Linton Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Skipton Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Majorca Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Talbot Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Timor Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable ^ Considered to meet the standard when applying data rounding conventions as outlined in Section 10.2.2 of the ADWG

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for lead were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

58 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 33 OTHER SUBSTANCES – MANGANESE

Standard Less than 0.5 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH); less than 0.1 mg/L (ADWG-AESTHETIC) Description Manganese occurs naturally in surface water and groundwater. At levels exceeding 0.1 mg/L manganese in water supplies stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. At higher concentrations it imparts an undesirable taste.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) # DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Ballan Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Central Monthly 12 0.030 < 0.001 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Bungaree/Wallace Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Monthly 12 0.006 < 0.001 0 Cardigan Village Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Creswick Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Enfield Monthly 12 0.004 < 0.001 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Monthly 12 0.006 0.001 0 Haddon Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 0 Lal Lal Monthly 12 0.010 < 0.001 0 Linton Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Napoleons Monthly 12 0.005 < 0.001 0 Sebastopol Monthly 12 0.011 < 0.001 0 Skipton Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Smythesdale Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 0 Wendouree Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Beaufort Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Clunes Clunes Monthly 12 0.010 0.002 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Monthly 12 0.024 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Monthly 12 0.085 < 0.001 0 Dean Dean Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Monthly 12 0.001 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Learmonth Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lexton Lexton Monthly 12 0.002 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Alma Monthly 12 0.011 0.001 0 Bet Bet Monthly 12 0.012 < 0.001 0 Carisbrook Monthly 12 0.009 0.001 0 Daisy Hill Monthly 12 0.008 0.001 0 Majorca Monthly 12 0.007 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Monthly 12 0.011 0.001 0 Talbot Monthly 12 0.010 < 0.001 0 Timor Monthly 12 0.011 < 0.001 0 Waubra Waubra Monthly 12 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * Monthly 12 0.580 0.003 N/A Raglan * Monthly 12 0.003 < 0.001 N/A Redbank * Monthly 12 0.006 0.001 N/A

* Non-potable water supply system # Standard relates to health limit

Compliance summary Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems have not been included in analysis. All systems sampled for manganese were compliant with the ADWG health and aesthetic guidelines. No other significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 59 TABLE 34 OTHER SUBSTANCES – NICKEL

Standard Less than 0.02 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Drinking water generally contains very low concentrations of nickel. Unusually high concentrations, up to 0.5 mg/L, have been reported where water has been in prolonged contact with nickel-plated tap and plumbing fittings.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Ballan Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Central Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Bungaree/Wallace Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Cardigan Village Quarterly 4 0.003 < 0.001 0 Creswick Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Enfield Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Haddon Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lal Lal Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Linton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Napoleons Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Sebastopol Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Skipton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Smythesdale Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Wendouree Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Beaufort Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Clunes Clunes Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Dean Dean Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Learmonth Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lexton Lexton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Alma Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Bet Bet Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Carisbrook Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daisy Hill Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Majorca Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Talbot Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Timor Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Waubra Waubra Quarterly 4 0.004 0.002 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for nickel were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

60 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 35 OTHER SUBSTANCES – CHROMIUM (TOTAL)

Standard Less than 0.05 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Chromium is derived from industrial contamination of raw water or corrosion of materials in the distribution system / plumbing. The risk of chromium contamination is very low.

Water supply Water sampling locality Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples system of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Avoca Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Ballan Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Central Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat North/Nerrina Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Bungaree/Wallace Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Buninyong/Mt Helen Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Cardigan Village Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Creswick Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Enfield Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Fiskville/Glenmore Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Gordon/Mt Egerton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Haddon Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lal Lal Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Linton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Napoleons Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Sebastopol Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Skipton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Smythesdale Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Wendouree Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Beaufort Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Blackwood Blackwood/Barrys Reef Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Clunes Clunes Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Daylesford High Level Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Dean Dean Quarterly 4 0.001 < 0.001 0 Forest Hill Forest Hill Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Landsborough/Navarre Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Learmonth Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lexton Lexton Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Alma Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Bet Bet Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Carisbrook Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daisy Hill Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Majorca Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Talbot Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Timor Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Waubra Waubra Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 REGULATED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Amphitheatre * - - - - - Raglan * - - - - - Redbank * - - - - -

* Non-potable water supply system - Not applicable

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for chromium (total) were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 61 TABLE 36 OTHER SUBSTANCES – ARSENIC

Standard Less than 0.01 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Arsenic originates from natural sources, as well as mining, industrial and agricultural wastes. Data in the table below is from the water treatment plant clear water storage.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Annually 2 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Blackwood Quarterly 4 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Clunes Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Dean Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Forest Hill Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lexton Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Waubra Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for arsenic were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

62 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 37 OTHER SUBSTANCES – CYANIDE

Standard Less than 0.08 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Cyanide can be present in drinking water primarily through the contamination of source water. Cyanide was traditionally used in the extraction of gold and silver from low-grade ores and is also used in the electroplating, steel and chemical industries. The risk of cyanide contamination is very low. Data in the table below is from the water treatment plant clear water storage.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Ballarat Annually 2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Beaufort Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Blackwood Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Clunes Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Daylesford Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Dean Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Forest Hill Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Landsborough Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Learmonth Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Lexton Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Maryborough Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0 Waubra Annually 1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for cyanide were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 63 TABLE 38 OTHER SUBSTANCES – MERCURY

Standard Less than 0.001 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Mercury originates through industrial emissions and spills with very low concentrations occurring naturally. Mercury in drinking water is of inorganic form and is poorly absorbed. Data in the table below is from the water treatment plant clear water storage.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Ballarat Annually 2 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Beaufort Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Blackwood Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Clunes Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Daylesford Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Dean Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Forest Hill Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Landsborough Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Learmonth Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Lexton Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Maryborough Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 Waubra Annually 1 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for mercury were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

64 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 39 OTHER SUBSTANCES – SELENIUM

Standard Less than 0.01 mg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description Selenium generally occurs at very low concentrations in water supplies. Data in the table below is from the water treatment plant clear water storage.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Max Min No. samples of sampling samples (mg/L) (mg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Ballarat Annually 2 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Beaufort Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Blackwood Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Clunes Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Daylesford Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Dean Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Forest Hill Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Landsborough Quarterly 5 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Learmonth Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Lexton Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Maryborough Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0 Waubra Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.001 0

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for selenium were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 65 TABLE 40 OTHER SUBSTANCES – NDMA

Standard Less than 0.1 µg/L (ADWG-HEALTH) Description NDMA (N-Nitrosodimethylamine) is a disinfection by-product primarily associated with chloramine disinfection. It can be formed due to the oxidation of natural organic matter by chlorine in the presence of ammonia. Data in the table below is from the water treatment plant clear water storage.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Max Min Mean No. samples of sampling samples (µg/L) (µg/L) (µg/L) where standard not met (s. 18) DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Ballarat Quarterly ^ 7 0.008 < 0.003 0.004 0 Maryborough Quarterly 4 0.009 0.004 0.007 0

^ The Lal Lal CWS was not used from 4 September 2018 to 19 September 2018, and 1 October 2018 to 5 October 2018 as the CWS was taken offline for maintenance

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for NDMA were compliant.

66 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 41 HEALTH RELATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Description A range of organic compounds are monitored for each supply on an annual basis to ensure that they remain below health limits. Risk assessment processes for each supply determine the likely presence of organic compounds in each catchment.

Water supply Frequency No. of Benzene Benzo (a) Carbon 1,2 - 1,1 - Penta Tetra Tri 2,4,6 - Complying system of sampling samples (mg/L) pyrene tetrachloride a dichloroethane dichloroethene chlorophenol a chloroethene chloroethene trichlorophenol a (Yes/No) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Avoca Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Ballarat Annually 2 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Beaufort Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Blackwood Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 - < 0.001 < 0.0001 - < 0.001 < 0.001 - Yes

Clunes Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Daylesford Annually 4 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Dean Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Forest Hill Annually 3 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Landsborough Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Learmonth Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Lexton Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Maryborough Annually 4 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Waubra Annually 1 < 0.001 < 0.000002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Yes

Samples collected from untreated water locations except ª carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol and 2,4,6 – trichlorophenol analysed on chlorine based disinfected treated water samples from the water treatment plant clear water storage (single samples).

Compliance summary All systems sampled for health related organic compounds were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident. No chlorine related organic compound testing was conducted within the Blackwood system as chlorine disinfection is not used at the Blackwood Water Treatment Plant.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 67 TABLE 42a PESTICIDES

Description A range of pesticides are monitored in untreated source water for each supply on an annual basis. Risk assessment processes for each supply determine the likely presence of pesticides in each catchment.

Water supply Frequency No. of OC Scan a OP Scan b Triazine Herbicides Phenoxy AA Carbamates Dinitro- Complying system of samples (mg/L) (mg/L) anilines f (Yes/No) sampling Atrazine Simazine Other 2,4-D Other Benomyl Other (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Triazine (mg/L) Phenoxy (mg/L) Carba- Herbicides c AA d mates e (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Avoca Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Ballarat Annually 2 ND ND 0.00002 0.00004 ND < 0.00001 ND 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Beaufort Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Blackwood Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 0.00003 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Clunes Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Daylesford Annually 4 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Dean Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Forest Hill Annually 3 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Landsborough Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Learmonth Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Lexton Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Maryborough Annually 4 ND ND 0.00006 0.00008 ND 0.00001 ND 0.00003 ND ND Yes

Waubra Annually 1 ND ND < 0.00001 < 0.00002 ND < 0.00001 ND < 0.00001 ND ND Yes

Health limit * - - - - 0.02 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.09 - - -

* The health limit (ADWG) is only quoted where a pesticide was detected ND – Not detected - Not applicable a The Organo-Chlorine (OC) Scan includes the following parameters: Aldrin; BHC (alpha isomer); BHC (beta isomer); BHC (delta isomer); cis-Chlordane; trans- Chlordane; Chlordane; 4,4’-DDD; 4,4’-DDE; 4-4’-DDT; Dieldrin; Endosulfan I; Endosulfan II; Endosulphan; Endosulfan Sulfate; Endrin; Endrin Aldehyde; Endrin Ketone; Hexachlorobenzene; Heptachlor; Heptachlor Epoxide; Lindane (BHC gamma isomer); Methoxychlor; Oxy-Chlordane b The Organo-Phosphorus (OP) Scan includes the following parameters: Azinphos-ethyl; Azinphos-methyl; Bromophos-ethyl; Carbofenothion; Chlorfenvinphos; Chlorpyrifos; Chlorpyrifos-methyl; Coumaphos; Demeton-O & Demeton-S; Demeton-S-methyl; Diazinon; Dichlorvos; Dimethoate; Disulfoton; EPN; Ethion; Ethoprophos; Fenamiphos; Ronnel (Fenchlorphos); Fenitrothion; Fensulfothion; Fenthion; Malathion; Methidathion; Mevinphos; Monocrotophos; Omethoate; (Ethyl) Parathion; Methyl Parathion; Phorate; Pirimiphos-ethyl; Pirimiphos-methyl; Profenofos; Prothiofos; Sulfotep; Sulprofos; Temephos; Terbufos; Tetrachlovinphos; Triazophos; Trichlorfon; Trichloronate c The Triazine Herbicide group which did not have results above the test detection limit includes the following parameters: Ametryn; Cyanazine; Cyromazine; Irgarol; Prometryn; Propazine; Terbuthylazine; Terbutryn d The Phenoxy Acetic Acid (AA) group which did not have results above the test detection limit includes the following parameters: 2,4,5-T; 2,4,6-T; 2,4-DB; 2,6-D; 4-CPA; Bentazon; Bromoxynil; Clopyralid; Dicamba; Dichlorprop; Dinoseb; Fluroxypyr; MCPA; MCPB; Mecoprop; Pichloram; Silvex; Triclopyr e The Carbamates group which did not have results above the test detection limit includes the following parameters: Aldicarb; Bendiocarb; Carbaryl; Carbofuran; 3-Hydroxy Carbofuran; Methiocarb; Methomyl; Molinate; Oxamyl; Thiobencarb; Thiodicarb f The Dinitroanilines Scan includes the following parameters: Pendimethalin; Trifluralin

68 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE 42b PESTICIDES (CONTINUED)

Water supply Frequency No. of Fungicides g Sulfonyl- ESI Pyreth- Metsul- Triazinone Diquat Paraquat Metola- Propa- Glypho- Complying system of samples (mg/L) urea Positive roids j furon Herbi- (mg/L) (mg/L) chlor chlor sate (Yes/No) sampling Herbi- Pesti- (mg/L) methyl cides k (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) cides h cides i (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Avoca Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Ballarat Annually 2 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.0001 < 0.00002 < 0.00005 < 0.0001 < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Beaufort Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Blackwood Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Clunes Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Daylesford Annually 4 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Dean Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Forest Hill Annually 3 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Landsborough Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Learmonth Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Lexton Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Maryborough Annually 4 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.005 < 0.00002 < 0.00005 < 0.0001 < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Waubra Annually 1 ND ND ND < 0.0002 < 0.0001 < 0.00002 - - < 0.00001 < 0.0001 < 0.03 Yes

Health limit * ------

* The health limit (ADWG) is only quoted where a pesticide was detected ND – Not detected - Not applicable g The Fungicide Scan includes the following parameters: Cyproconazole; Difenoconazole; Flusilazole; Hexaconazole; Paclobutrazole; Penconazole; Propiconazole; Tebuconazole; Cyprodinil; Pyrimethanil h The Sulfonylurea Herbicide group which did not have results above the test detection limit includes the following parameters: Diuron; Fluometuron; Tebuthiuron; Bromacil; Chlorsulfuron i The ESI Positive Scan includes the following parameters: Diclofop-methyl; Fenarimol; Oxyfluorfen; Thiamethoxam j The Pyrethroids Scan includes the following parameters: Bioresmethrin; Bifenthrin; Phenothrin; Lambda-cyhalothrin; Permethrin; Cyfluthrin; Cypermethrin; Fenvalverate & Esfenvalerate; Deltamethrin & Tralomethrin; Fluvalinate; Piperonyl Butoxide k The Triazinone Herbicide Scan includes the following parameters: Hexazinone; Metribuzin

Compliance summary Refer to Tables 42a and 42b All systems sampled for pesticides were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident. Improvements in the level of detection capability by the laboratory analysis have resulted in the low level detection of some pesticides. In all cases, pesticides detections are significantly below health limits specified in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines.

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 69 TABLE 43 RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Description The radiological quality of drinking water is assessed by screening for gross alpha and beta concentrations which should be below 0.5 Bq/L. The risk of radiological contamination is very low.

Water supply system Frequency No. of Gross alpha Gross beta Complying of sampling samples activity activity * (Yes/No) Bq/L Bq/L DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Avoca Annually 1 0.06 0.20 Yes Ballarat Annually 2 < 0.05 < 0.1 Yes Beaufort Annually 1 < 0.05 < 0.1 Yes Blackwood Annually 1 < 0.05 < 0.1 Yes Clunes Annually 1 0.13 0.29 Yes Daylesford Annually 4 < 0.05 < 0.1 Yes Dean Annually 1 < 0.05 < 0.1 Yes Forest Hill Annually 3 < 0.05 0.30 Yes Landsborough ^ Annually 1 < 0.05 < 0.1 Yes Learmonth Annually 1 < 0.05 0.23 Yes Lexton Annually 1 0.21 0.25 Yes Maryborough Annually 4 < 0.05 0.10 Yes Waubra Annually 1 < 0.05 0.1 Yes

* Corrected for potassium-40 by 27.6 Bq/g ^ Treated water sampled due to interference from total dissolved solids; others taken as source water samples

Compliance summary All drinking water systems sampled for radiological parameters were compliant. No significant trends from the previous two reporting periods are evident.

70 PART 5 WATER QUALITY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS PART 6 EMERGENCY AND INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

The information reported below provides a summary of each incident, issue or event during 2018-19 which had a potential or actual impact on the quality of the drinking water. Section 18 incidents The objective of section 18 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 is to alert DHHS to potential issues in relation to the supply of drinking water that may not comply with specific standards, which requires further investigation or actions.

TABLE 44 SECTION 18 INCIDENT SUMMARY

Date Location Nature Potentially affected / Actions taken in of incident of incident of incident affected drinking response to incident water supplies

No reports

Section 22 incidents The objective of section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 is to protect public health. CHW must inform DHHS of any potential or actual contaminated water supplied for drinking purposes.

TABLE 45 SECTION 22 INCIDENT SUMMARY

Date Location Nature Potentially affected / Actions taken in of incident of incident of incident affected drinking response to incident water supplies

No reports

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 6 EMERGENCY AND INCIDENT MANAGEMENT 71 PART 7 WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS

Source water improvements At a state level, we influence planning by: • providing input and recommendations during the Water Resource Planning development of government guidelines relating to The 2017 CHW Urban Water Strategy provides a 50-year planning permits and residential developments in water outlook for community water and wastewater needs in supply catchments the Central Highlands region. The Urban Water Strategy is • ensuring water supply catchments are listed under Schedule reviewed and updated every five years. The Strategy sets 5 of the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, which out a range of actions to support reliable and safe water establishes CHW as a referral authority and wastewater services into the future, taking account At a local level, we protect water supply catchments and of forecast population growth, climate change, State influence planning by: Government policy and community feedback. Accompanying documents known as Drought Preparedness Plans identify • ensuring that local planning policy frameworks include how CHW will respond in the event of short-term reduction policy statements, zoning and overlays that protect or loss of supply due to drought and/or water quality reasons water catchments while the Annual Water Outlook provides a 1 – 2 year outlook • actively exercising referral powers by not supporting of water resource status. inappropriate development and disputing planning In 2018-19 CHW continued progress on a number of permit decisions water quality improvement actions from the Urban Water In 2018-19, CHW processed 79 planning permit applications Strategy. This included: technical assessment of water for proposed development within special water supply quality improvement options for Waubra and identification catchments. Of these applications, 74 were supported and of a preferred solution via consultation with community, included permit conditions necessary to manage the impact completion of water treatment upgrades at Daylesford, of the proposed development on water quality. In several commencement of community discussions for water cases applicants were required to undertake additional quality improvements for the Clunes supply and continuous investigations and/or resubmit applications with a higher improvement of our region-wide regulatory reporting and level of wastewater management in order to receive CHW’s health based target requirements for the Department of conditional approval. Health and Human Services. To ensure a consistent approach in assessing planning Progress on a number of strategic State Government permit referrals, CHW utilises its Water Catchment initiatives continued in 2018-19 to which CHW provided Protection – Assessment of Proposed Developments support via workshops, technical input and comment. This policy which was reviewed in November 2017. This policy included the following Water for Victoria actions: completion outlines relevant objectives and policy standards for water of the review of the Central Sustainable Water Strategy, catchment protection. substantial progress of technical assessments for Long- CHW is also working with all relevant municipalities to Term Water Resource Assessments, and the development develop and monitor progress of their Domestic Wastewater of a Water Grid Oversight Function. In all these initiatives, Management Plans. In urban areas, this has included assisting CHW strived to ensure that water quality considerations are Councils and landowners to eliminate onsite wastewater included in the development of related plans and strategies. systems, when connection to sewer is feasible. CHW also participated in State Government workshops to understand climate science and its application to Water Catchment Protection Policy water management. CHW utilises the ministerial guidelines for planning permit The current Urban Water Strategy Drought Preparedness applications in open, potable water supply catchment Plans and Annual Water Outlooks are all publicly available areas in its role as a referral agency under the Planning and from the CHW website. Environment Act 1987. Town planning The guidelines require local government to review and update Domestic Wastewater Management Plans (DWMPs) Water quality can be affected by inappropriate development to ensure the incorporation of the requirements listed in the within catchments and incremental land use change from guidelines. In 2018-19 we met with municipalities to review broad-scale agriculture to residential development. To protect the monitoring and compliance of DWMPs. against these risks, the Corporation actively participates in Victoria’s planning policy framework by influencing planning at In addition, CHW collaborated with Coliban Water, Barwon a state and local level. Water, Southern Rural Water and Goulburn Murray Water to ensure industry consistency of decision making with the assessment of statutory planning applications.

72 PART 7 WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Health based targets – catchment assessments Creek above Evansford Reservoir. This work has improved the quality and quantity of surface water as it moves through Our drinking water catchments continued to be evaluated the McCallums Creek catchment and into the Maryborough for biological, chemical and physical risks against the water supply system. We continue to complete ongoing health based targets model, with a focus on groundwater maintenance of our waterways during summer months so as systems. Supplies were risk assessed with supporting water to prevent the re-establishment of willow species around our quality data to determine an appropriate source microbial reservoirs and waterways. risk category.

Catchment risk management Water treatment plant improvements In response to an increased focus on the management of A number of water treatment plant improvement programs, catchment assets at CHW, the Environment Team presented focusing on improved treatment and operational reliability, a paper entitled Environmental Asset Data Collection and Use continued to be delivered across the region in 2018-19 in at the Victorian Intelligent Water Network Conference. This accordance with our Pricing Review 2018 program. paper addressed the challenge of integrating natural assets into an engineering focused asset management system, and Avoca Water Treatment Plant providing staff with practical mobile tools to capture and To ensure ongoing water quality performance, we upgraded evaluate the condition of environmental assets. the chemical dosing systems and enhanced the SCADA In order to better articulate the value of environmental dosing controls for anti-scalant, acid and sodium hydroxide. assets, a new environmental asset database was created Ballarat Water Treatment Plants for use in a Geographic Information System that supports mobile field staff and long term planning for operational and The chlorine to ammonia ratio was further optimised with capital investment. regular free ammonia testing on site to minimise nitrification potential in the distribution network. Central Highlands Water continued to implement actions to reduce risks to water quality in its declared water supply The post pH correction chemical was changed from lime to catchments. In 2018-19, 92 catchment hazard notifications soda ash at the White Swan WTP to improve final treated were closed out by catchment field staff. The majority water turbidity related to undissolved lime particles. of these were in relation to perimeter fence breaches Treated water tank cleaning was carried out by divers to surrounding reservoirs, and human trespass. reduce the potential for dirty water events at high flows. Statutory planning permits continued to be assessed against the Ministerial Guidelines for planning permits in open potable Beaufort Water Treatment Plant water supply catchments. CHW worked with the Moorabool, Treated water tank cleaning was carried out by divers to Pyrenees and Hepburn Shires in the completion of municipal reduce the potential for dirty water events at high flows. Domestic Wastewater Management Plans. The completion of this work resulted in the processing of 79 planning Blackwood Water Treatment Plant applications within potable water supply catchments. The primary UV disinfection system was upgraded to meet All surface water catchments and bore fields were assessed health based target criteria and to ensure ongoing reliability. for changes in land use and sources of pollution, and this The powder activated carbon dosing system was upgraded to provided accurate qualitative data for use in the annual review improve the reliability of the temporary carbon dosing system of the risk management plan. in the event of a taste and odour event, and to minimise Regional catchment strategies potential environmental impacts related to leakage of the dosing line. In 2018-19 CHW continued to support the Victorian Our Catchments, Our Communities strategy, and entered into Treated water tank cleaning was carried out by divers to Catchment Partnership Agreements with the Corangamite reduce the potential for dirty water events at high flows. and North Central Catchment Management Authorities Clunes Water Treatment Plant (relevant for the period 2018-19 to 2019-20). Catchment Partnership Agreements seek to improve decision making The water main connecting the water treatment plant to the and provide a coordinated investment in natural resources treated water storage was cleaned. across catchments. Within the Catchment Partnership Treated water tank cleaning was carried out by divers to Agreements, CHW contributed to the development of annual reduce the potential for dirty water events at high flows. work plans for 2018-19, to prioritise projects for the relevant catchment partners. Daylesford Water Treatment Plant CHW is committed to continual engagement with Catchment We completed the commissioning of the new aeration tower Management Authorities (CMAs) with regard to our assets to allow for the pre-treatment and blending of bore water and their association with regional natural resources. This is before the water treatment plant intake. underpinned by the reinforcement of drinking water quality To protect water quality, the Daylesford Low Level Basin standards and the impact of broader catchment land use at was refurbished during 2018-19 which involved works to the regional forums. Opportunities to align projects that have concrete base, liner and roof. mutual benefits to the community, landholders and the environment are reviewed regularly. Forest Hill Water Treatment Plant CHW is committed to the delivery of the Victorian Waterway Treated water tank cleaning was carried out by divers to Management Strategy through partnerships with catchment reduce the potential for dirty water events at high flows. managers. CHW has developed projects under the Corangamite and North Central CMA Regional Waterway Strategies. The Corporation continued an extensive willow tree removal and stream rehabilitation project on McCallums

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report PART 7 WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS 73 Landsborough Water Treatment Plant Mains renewal program We upgraded the liquid chlorine dosing system and enhanced CHW’s water network comprises of approximately 2,526 the SCADA dosing pump control. Sodium Hypochlorite is kilometres of pipelines. For many reasons, water mains can dosed at 6% strength for increased chemical shelf life and burst, leak or cause dirty water. We monitor, record and improved dosing pump control. analyse these events. The chemical storage tank level data was connected to A program, focused on repeat problems with older pipes, is SCADA for optimisation of chemical deliveries. developed to replace a number of mains each year, which also assists in maintaining high water quality. During 2018-19 we Learmonth Water Treatment Plant replaced 5.0 kilometres of water mains on this basis. A new treated water storage tank was constructed and commissioned during the reporting period, protecting both Tank cleaning program water quality and security of supply. CHW maintains 47 water storage tanks and basins. We conduct condition assessments on tanks which determine the Dean Disinfection Plant tank cleaning program. Tanks may also be cleaned based on A new UV treatment system was constructed during 2018-19 water quality results, or alternatively if tanks are taken offline and is currently in the final commissioning stages. or returned to service to meet operational or supply needs.

Maryborough Water Treatment Plant Iron Removal Trial at Amphitheatre Tanks Treated water tank cleaning was carried out by divers to Aeration and filtration was trialled at the Amphitheatre tanks reduce the potential for dirty water events at high flows. to reduce visible iron when operating on 100% groundwater. The trial was a success and the township was supplied with Distribution system improvements 100% groundwater during the winter of 2019.

Mains cleaning program Treated Water Storage Improvements CHW undertakes systematic mains cleaning through its During 2018-19 we completed refurbishment programs on a water supply systems to improve the quality of drinking water number of our treated water storages to protect water quality. supplied to customers. These included the: • Lal Lal Clear Water Storage The cleaning process used varies, involving either traditional flushing from hydrants or utilising air scouring techniques. • Learmonth Clear Water Storage Air scouring involves the controlled injection of filtered • Daylesford Low Level Basin compressed air into the water mains, increasing the water • Mt Egerton Tank (additional storage constructed) flow above that of normal operation. The increased flow, • Recreation Road Tank together with a controlled mix of air and water, scours the pipe and removes a build-up of sediment that can potentially • Tinworth Avenue Tank contribute to dirty water, taste and odour, and microbiological non-compliance. The process also conserves more water than Other water quality initiatives traditional flushing. • Review of specific water quality Standard Operating Procedures. We continue to clean the Blackwood reticulation system on a regular basis to complement the UV disinfection • Regular scheduled audits are carried out on all activities process utilised at the water treatment plant. The minimum involving water quality. maintenance regime consists of: • air scouring of the reticulation system annually • disinfection of the entire pipe network six-monthly • flushing of dead end mains two-monthly

Innovative mains cleaning technology CHW uses an innovative technique for mains cleaning called ice-pigging. The process utilises an ice slurry that is injected into the water main and travels along the main using the existing water pressure, removing any natural accumulated sediments in the process. This technique uses much less water than traditional mains cleaning processes and is more effective in removing fine sediments that can build up in the distribution mains over time. In 2018-19 CHW cleaned 30 kilometres of water mains in the Carisbrook and Maryborough distribution zones.

74 PART 7 WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS APPENDIX

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT

ADWG Australian Drinking Water Guidelines ML Megalitres (one megalitre is equal to one million litres) AWO Annual Water Outlook NATA National Association of Testing Authorities AWA Australian Water Association NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council BE Bulk Entitlement NOM Natural Organic Matter BGA Blue-Green Algae NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units, a measure CCP Critical Control Point of turbidity

CHW Central Highlands Water OFI Opportunity For Improvement

CLPA Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 PAC Powdered Activated Carbon

CMA Catchment Management Authority PLC Programmable Logic Controller

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial PoU Point of Use Research Organisation RCS Regional Catchment Strategies CT Chlorine Contact Time RMP Risk Management Plan CWS Clear Water Storage RO Reverse Osmosis DAFF Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration RWA Rural Water Authority DBP Disinfection By-Product SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition DC Direct Current SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 DELWP Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning SDWR Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015

DHHS Department of Health and Human Services TDS Total Dissolved Solids

DWMP Domestic Wastewater Management Plan THM Trihalomethanes

EDR Electrodialysis Reversal UV Ultra Violet

EDRMS Electronic Document and Records UVT Ultra Violet Transmittance Management System UWS Urban Water Strategy EPA Environment Protection Authority Victoria VCAT Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal ESC Essential Services Commission WHO World Health Organisation HFA Health (Fluoridation) Act 1973 WIOA Water Industry Operators Association HU Hazen Unit, a measure of the colour of water (=Pt. Co. units) WSAA Water Services Association of Australia

< Less than WSDS Water Supply Demand Strategy mg/L Milligrams per litre WTP Water Treatment Plant

Central Highlands Water 2018-19 Water Quality Report APPENDIX 75 E T PO Box 152Ballarat Vic3353 7 LearmonthRdWendouree Vic3355 Central HighlandsWater 1800061514 [email protected] F 0353203299 chw.net.au

CHW19-08-03