European Parliament 2014-2019

Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

22.1.2016

MISSION REPORT

following the European Parliament delegation to the twenty-first session of the UNFCCC conference of the parties (COP21), Paris, France 7-12 December 2015

Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

Members of the mission: Giovanni La Via (EPP) (Chair of the mission) Matthias Groote (S&D) (Vice-Chair of the mission) Karl-Heinz Florenz (EPP) Françoise Grossetête (EPP) Seán Kelly (EPP) Kathleen Van Brempt (S&D) Gilles Pargneaux (S&D) Miriam Dalli (S&D) Ian Duncan (ECR) Julie Girling (ECR) Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy (ALDE) Anne-Marie Mineur (GUE/NGL) Yannick Jadot (Greens/EFA) Marco Affronte (EFDD) Sylvie Goddyn (ENF)

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EN United in diversity EN I. Composition of the delegation

On 15 March 2015, the Conference of Presidents agreed to send a 15 Member delegation from the European Parliament to the high level segment (7-12 December 2015) of the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC COP21) and the 11th session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP11).

In addition to the 15 Members of the mission a number of other MEPs attended COP21 and partly followed the EP delegation programme, among them Mr Peter LIESE (EPP), Mr Ivo BELET (EPP), Mr Jerzy BUZEK (EPP), Ms Elisabetta GARDINI (EPP), Mr Jo LEINEN (S&D), Mr Paul BRANNEN (S&D), Mr Seb DANCE (S&D), Mr Jose Inacio FARIA (ALDE), Mr Bas EICKHOUT (Greens/EFA).

The mission was accompanied by: Ms Sabina MAGNANO, Mr Georgios AMANATIDIS and Ms Tihana VUJATOVIC from the secretariat of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), Mr Klaus BAIER and Mr Rinse VAN ARUM from the secretariat of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), Mr Baptiste CHATAIN, Ms Elena KURZE, Ms Franziska Irene BROICH and Ms Clémence BURKEL from the Directorate-General for Communication, Ms Tina OHLIGER from Policy Department A of the Directorate-General for Internal Policies, and Ms Isabelle COUSTET, the Head of the European Parliament's Office in France.

The following political group agents also accompanied the delegation: Ms Gemma ROIG LINANA (EPP), Ms Eleni Anna DIMITRAKOUDI (S&D), Mr Russell DARKE (ECR), Mr Wilhelm BARGUM (ALDE), Mr Roberto LOPRIORE (GUE/NGL), Ms Terhi LEHTONEN (Greens/EFA), Mr Raffaele LUISE (EFDD), Mr Sergio GARUZZO (ENF).

II. Delegation activities

1. Preparation

The ENVI Committee held a series of high-level exchanges of views, in preparation for COP21, with:

- Ms Carole Dieschbourg, Minister of Environment of Luxembourg which was holding the Council's Presidency on 15 July 2015, - Ms Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC on 15 September 2015, - Ms Tina Birmpili, Executive Secretary of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer on 23 September 2015, - Mr Laurent Fabius, French Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development and President of COP21 on 29 October 2015 - Mr Werner Hoyer, President of the European Investment Bank on 9 November 2015.

On 14 October 2015, the INI report on COP21, 'Towards a new international climate agreement in Paris', was adopted in plenary. This report served as the mandate for the

PE571.668v01-00 2/2 CR\1083838EN.doc EN European Parliament delegation at the Conference.

At the first constituent meeting of the delegation on 20 October 2015, Mr Giovanni LA VIA (EPP) was elected Chair, and Mr Mattias GROOTE (S&D) Vice-Chair, of the European Parliament delegation to Paris. At this meeting, Members decided upon the EP side event, which was titled 'Global market-based mechanisms for reducing emissions from aviation and shipping'. The second delegation meeting took place on 24 November 2015, with Commissioner Miguel ARIAS CAÑETE in attendance for an exchange of views. The exchange focused mainly on the six challenges outlined by the Commissioner for COP21: legal form, the long-term goal, the dynamic process, differentiation, finance, and loss and damage. Copies of studies, commissioned in view of COP21 by Policy Department A of DG Internal Policies, on 'Emission Reduction Targets for International Aviation and Shipping', and 'International Climate Negotiations – On the Road to Paris - Issues at stake in view of COP 21', had both been circulated electronically prior to the meeting, and printed versions were also available at the meeting itself. The EP study 'Emission Reduction Targets for International Aviation and Shipping' had been presented on 11 November 2015 to the EP delegation by one of its authors from the Öko-Institut of Germany, Dr. Martin CAMES, with a view to informing the delegation about the effort needed by ICAO and IMO in order to decrease their sectorial emissions consistently with the overall temperature target of 2°C.

2. Briefings on the negotiations in Paris

In order to ensure that the European Parliament delegation was well informed, several briefings were organised during the Conference:

Briefings by the European Commission and the Council of the European Union

In the continued absence of authorisation for Members to attend the daily EU co-ordination meetings, the Commission and the Luxembourg Presidency were asked to brief the European Parliament delegation to ensure that the delegation had access to the most up-to-date information on progress in the negotiations.

The delegation was briefed on a daily basis by the Commissioner for Climate Action and Energy, Mr Miguel ARIAS CAÑETE, and by the Minister of Environment of Luxembourg which was holding the Council's Presidency, Ms Carole DIESCHBOURG. They provided the delegation with their assessment of the latest developments on the COP21 ongoing negotiations.

Briefings by the Umweltbundesamt, Environment Agency Austria

On the second day of the delegation's attendance at the Conference, 8 December, the EP study 'International Climate Negotiations – On the Road to Paris - Issues at stake in view of COP 21' was presented by one of its authors, Mr Klaus RADUNSKY from the Umweltbundesamt of Austria, to prepare the delegation for the week ahead, and discuss the developments that had taken place during the first week of the negotiations in Paris.

3. Meetings (See full programme in enclosed Annex I)

CR\1083838EN.doc 3/3 PE571.668v01-00 EN Monday 7 December

The activities of the EP delegation started with a meeting with Japanese Parliamentarians. Members exchanged views on possible outcomes of COP21 and presented respective climate policy objectives. Additionally, Japanese Members of Parliament shared their experience of the Parliamentary Meeting organised by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the French National Assembly in the occasion of the Conference.

An information session open to Members of National Parliaments from EU Member States was chaired by Mr Matthias Groote, Vice-Chair of the EP delegation. Mr Miguel Arias Cañete and Ms Carole Dieschbourg briefed the Parliamentarians on the outcome of the ADP, concluded on Saturday 5 December and on the first discussions held under the Comité de Paris. Mr Gilles Pargneaux, EP Rapporteur on "Towards an international climate agreement in Paris" presented the European Parliament's position.

Tuesday 8 December

In the morning of 8 December, delegation members met with representatives from international industry including the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the Brazilian and European chemicals' industry. The meeting was followed by an exchange with representatives from several NGOs: CAN Europe, WWF, Greenpeace, Oxfam, Carbon Market Watch, Transport & Environment, Aprodev, E3G and Legambiente. The meeting covered the whole range of the COP21 topics, i.e. targets and ambition, monitoring and reporting, mitigation and adaptation, market-based mechanisms, bunker fuels, finance, and thus was instrumental to better identify the main issues at stake in the Conference and to get a broader overview of the ongoing negotiations.

In the afternoon, Members had a meeting with the Chairman of the Environment Committee and other Members of the Parliament of Bangladesh which provided insight into experiences of a vulnerable country already facing the adverse impacts of climate change. Shortly after taking the family photo mid-afternoon, the EP delegation held its kick-off meeting which focused on practical organisation of work in the coming week and was immediately followed by Mr Radunsky's presentation of the COP21 study commissioned by Parliament. After the presentation, Members met with Mr Hoesung Lee, newly elected Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and inquired with him about the possible scenarios in relation with the different options for a long-term goal under discussion by negotiators at that time. The climate change issues to be addressed in the next IPCC assessment report and its timeframe have been also discussed.

PE571.668v01-00 4/4 CR\1083838EN.doc EN Wednesday 9 December

On 9 December, the activities started with a productive exchange with Minister Xie Zhenhua, Head of the Chinese Delegation at COP 21 on the broad range of issues at stake during the Conference, including the crucial questions of differentiation and climate finance. Members then met with Mr Halldor Thorgeirsson, Director of Strategy at the UNFCCC's Secretariat and discussed expectations for the Paris agreement.

In the early afternoon, the delegation met with Mr Jone Usamate, Fiji Minister representing the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) who addressed climate change from the side of health and food policy and later had a fruitful debate with Dr Fang Liu, Secretary General of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on crucial aspects of the provisions to be comprised in the agreement, including the level of ambition and the inclusion of emissions form international aviation. The discussion was particularly timely in view of the participation of an ENVI delegation to the ICAO/CAEP10 meeting, taking place in February 2016 in Montreal, Canada.

The delegation also met with Members of the Brazilian National Congress on respective climate change ambitions, converging priorities and positions on the agreement under discussion. Finally, the Members held an informative exchange of views with Ms Héla Cheikhrouhou, Executive Director of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) on the functioning of the fund, which has been operational since May 2015, on the type of projects it supports and on perspectives for the coming years.

Thursday 10 December

The programme of the day started with an exchange with Dr Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), with whom Members discussed the future of different energy sources and the past and recent Energy Outlooks, together with elements of the new draft text of the Paris agreement, published on 9 December at 15:00. Members then had a very fruitful occasion to exchange views with Mr Stefan Micaleff, Director of Marine Environment Division of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), on the issue of global maritime emissions in the context of the climate agreement, absent from the draft text presented the day before. They also debated on the EU Regulation on monitoring, reporting and verification of maritime CO2 emissions adopted last year.

In the afternoon, the delegation had a productive debate with Members of the South African Parliament on a number of crucial issues, including differentiation between developed and developing countries and the necessary means of achieving an ambitious long-term goal. Members then held a comprehensive exchange with Ms Karen Florini, Deputy Special Envoy for Climate Change of the United States on the draft text under discussion at that time. A broad range of topics were covered, including the legal form of the agreement and its implications for ratification by the United States. The delegation met afterwards with representatives of the International Indigenous Peoples (Forum on Climate Change) Many expected and unexpected consequences of climate change were discussed and the Forum considered that even a 1.5 degrees rise in temperature is creating major problems. Finally, Members had a thought-provoking discussion with Mr Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) who provided insight on the building up of a positive momentum for achieving an ambitious agreement, while recognising the

CR\1083838EN.doc 5/5 PE571.668v01-00 EN challenges ahead of the Parties to mobilise the tools to achieve their objectives.

Friday 11 December

Members started the day by meeting with Mr Dirk Forrister, President and CEO of the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) and other members of IETA who outlined their position on the main elements of the draft Paris agreement and provided insight on the different emissions trading systems in the world. In the afternoon, the delegation met with Ambassador Luis Alfonso de Alba, Special Advisor of the Minister of Environment of Mexico and Members of the Mexican Senate. Profiting from their experience of leading a COP, the main subjects discussed were the Mexican policies against climate change, the negotiation process during COP 21 and its probable outcome.

Saturday 12 December

On the last day of the Conference, the Members present were briefed by the Commission and Council on the last developments prior to the preparation of the final text of the agreement. They also followed the presentation of the draft Paris Agreement by COP21 President Laurent Fabius at the Comité de Paris. The Comité de Paris resumed early in the evening and was followed by Plenary COP21/CMP11 for the adoption of Decisions and of the Paris Agreement, in the presence of Members of the EP delegation.

4. Side Event

On Wednesday 9 December, the European Parliament hosted its side event on 'Global market- based mechanisms for reducing emissions from aviation and shipping'. This side event provided an overview of potential CO2 mitigation targets for international aviation and maritime transport, and discussed which targets would need to be implemented, to ensure that the two sectors' activities become compatible with the 2°C objective. As it stands, neither sector has international obligation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, while at the same time, they represent two of the world's fastest greenhouse gas emitting sectors. The analysis presented in the side event supported the idea that it is important to establish targets for both sectors which clearly indicate that emissions cannot grow in an unlimited and unregulated way.

The programme included several high-level presentations, among them by Mr Tony A. deBrum, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Marshall Islands and one of the prominent leaders of the High Ambition Coalition participated as a speaker. The presentations were followed by an animated discussion with the audience (see full programme in enclosed Annex II). The importance of the EP event among the numerous COP21 events was identified by IISD Reporting Services and thus was covered extensively in their well-visited website: http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop21/enbots/9dec.html#event-6.

PE571.668v01-00 6/6 CR\1083838EN.doc EN 5. Communication activities

Press coverage

Bilateral interviews with delegation Members were organised for UNFCCC accredited media.

5 press releases were issued, based on the EP position:

04.12.2015 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20151203IPR06170/COP21-climate- change-talks-MEPs-in-Paris-to-push-for-2%C2%B0C-target

08.12.2015 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20151208IPR06609/MEPs-call-for-a- strong-Paris-deal-on-carbon-markets-aviation-and-shipping

09.12.2015 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20151209IPR06780/COP21-Paris- climate-change-conference-time-for-Europeans-to-build-bridges

11.12.2015 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20151211IPR07095/Time-to-break- down-%E2%80%9Cfirewall%E2%80%9D-between-developing-and-developed-world-say- MEPs

12.12.2015 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/20151212IPR07301/COP21-Paris- agreement-MEPs-hail-a-new-beginning-for-climate-action

A joint press conference with Mr La Via and Commissioner Arias Canete, which took place on Thursday 10 December, was prepared. Between 50 – 100 journalists were present.

The EP side event was promoted by disseminating the poster prepared by the studio. Audiovisual

For the 2nd time a dynamic page with all different sources was published in advance. http://audiovisual.europarl.europa.eu/Page.aspx?id=2409. 13 EbS, Europe by Satellite items, were published, with an approximate total length of around 50 minutes.

The exchange of footage with EBU, Eurovision, included 2 Europe by Satellite items, with the private channels in Europe, ENEX, 5 Europe by Satellite items.

A selection of more than 100 photos was uploaded to the EP COP21 dynamic page.  153 photos downloaded by 21 different users (on different days)  242 photos published on 24 meetings (+4 illustration photo reportages)

Audiovisual support included help with media, notably arranging the EuroNews interview

CR\1083838EN.doc 7/7 PE571.668v01-00 EN with the Chair.

Web and social media

The COP21 was covered on the website of the European Parliament and on several social media platforms. The social media channels were in particular used to push the content of the Web-Communication, the press and the audio-visual units. From 7 to 12 December, 280 tweets in 22 languages were sent by the European Parliament Twitter accounts. Six Facebook posts, four Snapchat stories as well as videos and photos were posted. Our top story on climate change was regularly updated with the latest press releases (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/top-stories/20141118TST79414/Climate-Change). All products were gathered on the English and on the French Storify pages that were updated on a daily basis and that featured the different activities of the delegation. The core products were the two Storify pages in English and in French: English version: https://storify.com/europarl_en/european-parliament-at-cop21 French version: https://storify.com/europarl_en/cop21-parlementeuropeen

III. COP 21 NEGOTIATIONS AND OUTCOME1

The Paris Conference included not only the COP21 session to the UNFCCC and the CMP11 session to the Kyoto Protocol, but also three subsidiary bodies sessions: 43rd sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA 43) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI 43), and the 12th part of the second session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP 2-12). It brought together over 36,000 participants, nearly 23,100 government officials, 9,400 representatives from UN bodies and agencies, intergovernmental organizations and civil society organizations, and 3,700 members of the media.

Focus in Paris was on advancing negotiations on the Paris Outcome, including a legally- binding agreement and associated decisions, to fulfil the mandate outlined in Durban, South Africa, at COP17, for the ADP “to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties” to be adopted at COP21. The ADP opened a day early, on Sunday, 29 November, in order to launch technical negotiations.

A leaders' event, which brought together over 150 Heads of State and Government, was held on Monday, 30 November, to generate political will towards an agreement. During the first week, work concentrated under the ADP, which launched a contact group to consider crosscutting issues and items not associated with agreement articles, and established spin-off groups to work on the text of individual articles in the draft agreement text and their associated decision text, as well as decision text on pre-2020 ambition.

Following the closure of the ADP on Saturday, 5 December, and the transmission of the ADP’s outcome to the COP, the Comité de Paris was established under the COP21 Presidency to continue work on the draft agreement and decision text. Minister-led indabas,

1 Earth Negotiations Bulletin, IISD Reporting services, Volume 12 Number 663, Tuesday, 15 December 2015 http://www.iisd.ca/vol12/enb12663e.html

PE571.668v01-00 8/8 CR\1083838EN.doc EN bilaterals and other consultations took place under the Comité de Paris from Sunday through Saturday, 6-12 December. Following intensive consultations by the COP21 Presidency on Thursday and Friday, 10-11 December, the Comité de Paris convened briefly on Saturday morning, 12 December, for the presentation of the final text. After consultations by groups of parties, the Comité de Paris reconvened in the evening to forward the final text of the Paris Agreement including a number of technical corrections, and the associated decision to COP21. At 7:29 pm, COP21 adopted the Paris Agreement and the associated decision. Parties also adopted 34 decisions, 23 under COP21 and 12 under CMP11, covering a broad range of important technical issues, in addition to adopting the Paris Agreement.

CR\1083838EN.doc 9/9 PE571.668v01-00 EN ANNEX I: Delegation programme

Monday 7 December 2015

Schedule Delegation programme During the day Arrival of the MEPs to COP21, accreditation and familiarisation with the venue Meeting with Japanese Parliamentarians 16:30 - 17:00 (EP room) Information session by the European Commission, open to Members of National Parliaments from EU Member States Speakers Mr Miguel Arias Canete, European Commissioner for Climate Action and 17:30 - 19:00 Energy Mr Gilles Pargneaux, EP Rapporteur on "Towards an international climate agreement in Paris" Chaired by Mr Matthias Groote, Vice-Chair of the EP delegation to COP21. (EU coordination room)

Tuesday 8 December 2015

Meeting with representatives from international industry 09:00 - 10:00 (EP room) Briefing by the Luxembourg Presidency after EU Coordination meeting 10:00 - 10:30 (EP room) Meeting with NGO representatives (e.g. CAN International, WWF, World 10:30 - 12:00 Resources Institute, Global Forest Coalition…) (EP room) Lunch 12:00 - 14:00 Meeting with the Chairman of the Environment Committee and other 14:00 - 14:45 Members of the Parliament of Bangladesh (EP room) 14:45 - 15:00 Family photo Kick-off meeting of the delegation 15:00 - 16:00 (EP room) Presentation of COP21 study, “International climate negotiations”, followed by Q&A with Mr Klaus Radunsky, Senior Expert, Umweltbundesamt, 16:00 - 17:00 Environment Agency Austria (EP room) Meeting with Mr Hoesung Lee, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on 17:00 -18:00 Climate Change (IPCC) (EP room) Briefing by the European Commission 18:00 - 19:00 (EC coordination room)

PE571.668v01-00 10/10 CR\1083838EN.doc EN Wednesday 9 December 2015

Schedule Delegation programme Briefing by the Luxembourg Presidency after EU Coordination meeting 09:45 - 10:15 (EP room) Meeting with Minister Xie Zhenhua, Head of the Chinese Delegation at 10:15 - 11:00 COP21 (EP room) Meeting with Mr Halldor Thorgeirsson, Director of Strategy, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Executive 11:00 - 12:00 Secretariat (EP room) EP Side event: "Global market-based mechanisms for reducing emissions 12:30 - 14:00 from aviation and shipping" (EU Pavilion - Brussels room) Meeting with Mr Jone Usamate, Fiji Minister, representing the Alliance of 14:15 - 15:00 Small Island States (AOSIS) (EP room) Meeting with Dr Fang Liu, Secretary General of the International Civil 15:00 - 16:00 Aviation Organization (ICAO) (EP room) Meeting with Members of the Brazilian National Congress 16:00 - 17:00 (EP room) Meeting with Ms Héla Cheikhrouhou, Executive Director of the Green 17:00 - 18:00 Climate Fund (GCF) (EP room) Briefing by the European Commission 18:00 - 19:00 (EC coordination room)

Thursday 10 December 2015

Schedule Delegation programme Briefing by the Luxembourg Presidency after EU Coordination meeting 09:45 - 10:15 (EP room) Meeting with Dr Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy 10:15 - 11:00 Agency (IEA) (EP room) Meeting with Mr Stefan Micaleff, Director, Marine Environment Division, 12:00 - 13:00 International Maritime Organization (IMO) (EP room) 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch Meeting with Members of the South African Parliament 14:00 - 15:00 (EP room) Meeting with Ms Karen Florini, Deputy Special Envoy for Climate Change, 15:00 - 16:00 United States (EP room) 16:00 - 17:00 Meeting with the International Indigenous Peoples (Forum on Climate

CR\1083838EN.doc 11/11 PE571.668v01-00 EN Change) (EP room) Meeting with Mr Achim Steiner, Executive Director of the United Nations 17:00 - 18:00 Environment Programme (UNEP) (EP room) Briefing by the European Commission 18:00 - 19:00 (EC coordination room)

Friday 11 December 2015

Meeting with members of the International Emissions Trading 11:00 - 12:00 Association (IETA) (EP room) Briefing by the Luxembourg Presidency after EU Coordination meeting 12:00 - 13:00 (EP room) 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch Meeting with the Ambassador Luis Alfonso de Alba, Special Advisor of the Minister of Environment of Mexico and Members of the Mexican 16:00 - 17:00 Senate (EP room) Briefing by the European Commission 18:00 - 19:00 (EC coordination room)

Saturday 12 December 2015

Comité de Paris – presentation of the draft Paris Agreement by COP21 11:30 - 13:00 President Laurent Fabius (La Seine room) Briefing by the Commission 14:00 - 14:30 (EC coordination room) Comité de Paris, followed by Plenary COP21/CMP11 for the adoption of 17:30 - 20.30 Decisions and of the Paris Agreement (La Seine room)

PE571.668v01-00 12/12 CR\1083838EN.doc EN ANNEX II: Side Event programme

European Parliament Side Event in COP21

Global market-based mechanisms for reducing emissions from aviation and shipping

Wednesday 9 December 2015, 12:30-14:00 Brussels room, EU Pavilion, Le Bourget Conference Center

Emissions from international aviation and shipping are expected to grow significantly during the coming decades; both making a serious impact on the global carbon footprint. The urgency to act on a global scale to meet the 2°C objective should trigger contributions from all sectors, including aviation and shipping, which have so far been excluded from international emission reduction commitments. The side event will examine possible emission reduction options for these sectors, including emissions trading and emissions standards, and will feature speakers reflecting regulatory experiences in different regions of the world.

List of Speakers and Topics

 Giovanni La Via, MEP, Chair of the European Parliament delegation Welcome and introductory remarks

 Martin Cames, Öko-Institut Emission reduction targets for international aviation and shipping consistent with the 2°C target

 Alice Bows-Larkin, University of Manchester Aviation, shipping and the 2°C target: implications for mitigation policy

 Jasper Faber, CE Delft ETS and other market based measures for aviation and shipping

 Tony A. deBrum, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Marshall Islands Addressing the international bunker fuel emissions from a developing country perspective

 Jos Delbeke, Director General of DG CLIMA, European Commission Addressing the international bunker fuel emissions at European level

 Questions & Answers

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