T R M S R E F E R E N C E D I N E P I S O D E Province (Part 2)

Ep. 274

P I N Y I N / T E R M C H I N E S E E N G L I S H / M E A N I N G

Shǎnxī 陕西 Province in Northern China

Shānxī 山西 Province in Northern China

Gānsù 甘肃 Province in Northwest China

Shāndōng 山东 Coastal Province in China

Mythical dynasty founded by Yu the Great. Sometimes compared to Erlitou Xià 夏朝 Culture. Ran from abopiut 2070 to 1600 BCE

Shāng 商朝 Dynasty that followed the Xia. Ran from 1600-1046 BCE

Hénán 河南 Province in central China

Hàn 汉族 The Chinese People, largest ethnic group in the world

Eastern 东周 The Dynasty that lasted 770 to 256 BCE

Hàojīng 镐京 Capital of the , located near present-day

Xīān 西安 Capital of Shaanxi Province

Yǔ the Great 大禹 Yu the Great, Xia Dynasty founder

Shàng Shū 尚书 The Book of Documents

Jiǔ Zhōu 九州 Nine Provinces of Ancient China

Yùzhōu 豫州 The most ancient form of Henan

Yù 豫 Abbreviation for all things Henan Jī Family 姬家族 The Family who founded the Zhou Dynasty

King Wén 周文王 Zhou King Wen, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, along with his son (see below)

Also known by his personal name Jī Fā 姬发. Son of King Wen, Known mostly King Wǔ 周武王 as the Zhou King Wǔ

Luòyáng 洛阳 Ancient capital of more than a few dynasties

Zhou King Nǎn 周赧王 Last king of the Eastern Zhou

Hán 韩国 Zhou Era state that lasted 403 to 230 BCE

Zhào 赵国 Zhou Era state that lasted 403 to 222 BCE

Wèi 魏国 Zhou Era state, spelled W-E-I that lasted 403 to 225 BCE

Chǔ 楚国 Zhou Era state that lasted 1030 to 223 BCE

Yān 燕国 Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 222 BCE

Qí 齐国 Zhou Era duchy from 1046-323 BCE and Kingdom 323-221 BCE

Qín Dynasty 秦朝 First imperial dynasty of China, lasted 221 to 206 BCE

Wèi 卫国 Zhou Era state, spelled W-E-Y that lasted 1040 to 209 BCE

Zhèng 郑国 Zhou Era state that lasted 806 to 375 BCE, later annexed by Han

Cài 蔡国 Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 447 BCE

Chén 陈国 Zhou Era state that lasted 1045 to 479 BCE

Sòng 宋国 Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 286 BCE

Cáo 曹国 Zhou Era state that lasted from the 11th century to 487 BCE

Wú 吴国 Zhou Era state that lasted from the 12th century to 473 BCE

Zhèngzhōu 郑州 Present day capital of Henan

Guǎn 管国 Short-lived Zhou Era state that lasted 1046 to 1039 BCE Zhou Era state that lasted from pre-history to 767 BCE, centered around Kuài 郐国 present-day Zhengzhou

Zhèng Wǔ Gōng 郑武公 Ruler of from 770 to 744 BCE

Xīnzhèng 新郑 Ancient capital of Zheng State and alleged birthplace of The

Huángdì Gùlǐ 黄帝故里 The Hometown of the Yellow Emperor

grandson of one of the Dukes of Zhèng. He served as prime minister of Zhèng Zǐchǎn 子产 to a couple of the dukes. We remember Zǐchǎn for his law code of 543 BCE. This was the first law code in China’s history

fǎzhì 法制 Legal Code or set of laws

Shēn Bùhaì 申不害 400 to 337 BCE

Shēnzǐ 申子 The book attributed to Buhai, one of the main books of Legalism

韩非子 Hán Fēi 韩非 Also known as . Lived 280-233 BCE, statesman, philosopher, giant in Legalism

Rú Philosophy 儒家 Better known as Confucianism

Héběi 河北 Northern province in China, to the north of Henan

Duke of Zhōu 周公 Brother of Zhou King and Regent to King Wu's son, King Cheng

King Chéng 周成王 Son of King Wu. Reigned 1042-1021 BCE

Zhāogē 朝歌 The last Shang Dynasty capital, located south of Anyang

Shāng Yāng 商鞅 Statesman of State, lived 390-338 BCE, another giant of Legalism

Chǔ 楚国 Zhou Dynasty vassal State that lasted 1030 to 223 BCE

Wǎnqiū 宛丘 Capital of State

Huáiyáng District 淮阳区 Prefectural city near Zhoukou in eastern Henan

Chénzhōu 陈州 Located in Huaiyang County, former capital of Chen State

Zhōukǒu 周口 City in Eastern Henan

Warlord, military leader and president of the Republic of China, lived 1859- Yuán Shíkǎi 袁世凯 1916 Emperor Shùn 舜帝 Legendary emperor of China during pre-history

Founding ancestor of all hundred or so million people around the world who Chén Húgōng 陈胡公 have this Chén surname (including Chan's, Trần’s and 's)

Reputed author of the De Jing, founder of Daoism. Lived between the 6th Lǎozǐ 老子 and 5th centuries BCE

Historian of ancient China, wrote The Records of the Grand Historian during Sīmǎ Qiān 司马迁 the Han Dynasty. Lived approximately 145 to 86 BCE

First Emperor of China. King of Qin from 247-221 BCE and Qin Emperor 221 Qín Shǐhuáng 秦始皇 to 210 BCE

Also known as the Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising. This was an uprising Dàzéxiāng Uprising 大泽乡起义 against the that lasted from July to December 209 BCE

Chén Shèng 陈胜 One of the rebel leaders of the Dazexiang Uprising

Wú Guǎng 吴广 One of the rebel leaders of the Dazexiang Uprising

Zhùmǎdiàn 驻马店 City in south-central Henan

Shàngcài 上蔡 City located in Zhumadian prefecture

Sānménxiá 三门峡 Prefecture-level city located in western-most Henan

Kāifēng 开封 Prefecture-level city located in north-central Henan.

Shāngqiū 商丘 City in eastern Henan

Nányáng 南阳 City in southwest Henan (also a prefecture)

Xìnyáng 信阳 City in southernmost Henan

Xǔchāng 许昌 Another prefectural level city located right in the center of Henan

Píngdǐngshān 平顶山 Another prefectural level city located to the west of Xuchang in Central Henan

Sìdà Gǔdū 四大古都 Four Ancient Capitals of China: Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang and Xian

Luò River 洛河 River that runs through Luoyang

Yī River 伊河 The other main river of Luoyang

King Tāng 商汤 Also known as Shang Tang 商汤, the founder of the Shang Dynasty Chéngzhōu 成周 Early Zhou capital, founded by the

Emperor Xiàowén 北魏孝文帝 Emperor of Northern

Located near Luoyang, home to thousands of Buddhist statues carved into the Lóngmén Grottoes 龙门石窟 cliffs of Xiangshan 香山.

Sacred mountain in Henan not too far from Luoyang. Shaolin Temple is located Mt. Sōng 嵩山 there

Shàolin Sì 少林寺 Shàolin Temple

White Horse Temple, the first Buddhist Temple ever built in China, constructed Báimǎ Sì 白马寺 in 68 CE

Cáo Wèi 曹魏 Also known as the State of Wei, one of the Three Kingdoms of 220-266

Western Jìn 西晋 The part of the Dynasty that lasted 266-316, a successor state to Wei

Suí Dynasty 隋朝 Dynasty that preceded the Tang and lasted 581 to 618

Emperor Yángdì 隋炀帝 Son of Wendi, second and last emperor of this short-lived dynasty

Emperor Wén 隋文帝 Founder of the Sui Dynasty

Capital of several dynasties, most notably the Han and Tang. Located near Cháng’ān 长安 present day Xian

Dōngdū 东都 Eastern Capital

Also known as Wu , she lived 624 to 705, ruled China from 665 to 690 Wǔ Zétiān 武则天 through her husband and sons and from 690-705 as Empress of China during her Zhou Dynasty

Tang Dynasty military man and later leader of the An Lushan Rebellion that Ān Lùshān 安禄山 lasted 755-763

Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period that was based in Later Liáng 后梁 Luoyang from 907-913 and Kaifeng from 913-923.

Later Táng 后唐 Successor to the Later . This dynasty lasted 923 to 937

First half of the Dynasty that had its caoital in Kaifeng. Lasted 960- Northern Sòng 北宋 1127

Zhào Kuāngyìn 赵匡胤 Founder of the Song Dynasty in 960

Hángzhōu 杭州 Capital of Zhejiang Province, site of the Southern Song capital

The Great Yuan Dynasty, established by Kublai Khan, lasted from 1271 to Yuán 元朝 1368 Míng 明朝 Dynasty that ran 1368 to 1644

Qīng 清朝 Final dynasty in Chinese history, ran 1644 to 1911

Dà Liáng 大梁 Oner of the former names of the city if Kaifeng

Yíng Zhèng 嬴政 The personal name of the first emperor of China Qin Shihuang

Another one of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms that followed the fall of Later Jìn 后晋 the Tang. The Later Jin ran from 936-947

The 4th of the Five Dynasties, had their capital at Kaifeng, called Bian back Later Hàn 后汉 then. Later Han ran 947-951...not very long.

Last of the Five Dynasties of Northern China to follow the fall of the Tang. Later Zhōu 后周 They lasted 951 to 960

Biànjīng 汴京 The name of Kaifeng when it was the capital of the Northern Song

The Humiliation of Jingkang ran from September 1125 – March 1127 during Jìngkāng Incident 靖康事变 the final years before the Jürchen Jin overthrew the Song and captured Huizong and his son Qinzong

Huīzōng 徽宗帝 Song Dynasty emperor who lost his empire to the Jürchens from the north

Hénán Jiāngběi Xíngshěng 河南江北行省 Name of Henan Province during the Yuan

During the Yuan, provinces were called this name rather than what they are xíngshěng 行省 known by now: sheng

shěng 省 Province

Also known as the Hongwu Emperor, founder of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned Zhū Yuánzhāng 朱元璋 1368 to 1398

Nánjīng 南京 Capital of Jiangsu and site of the first capital of the Ming Dynasty

Jiāngsū 江苏 Coastal province in China

Jiāngzhè 江浙行省 Former name of the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang during the Yuan

Destructive rebel leader who overthrew the Ming Dynasty in 1644 and Lǐ Zìchéng 李自成 established his own dynasty that lasted till 1649

Shùn Dynasty 顺潮 See above

The part of the Song Dynasty when the capital was at JIankang or Hangzhou. Southern Sòng 南宋 It lasted 1127-1279

Dàoguāng Emperor 道光帝 Qing emperor who reigned 1820-1850 City in Northern Henan, site of the Ruins of Yin, where the last Shang Dynasty Ānyáng 安阳 capital was situated

Yǎngsháo Culture 仰韶文化 An early Neolithic Culture that flourished…5000 to 3000 BCE

Lóngshān Culture 龙山文化 An early Neolithic Culture than existed roughly 3000 to 2000 BCE

Grandson of the Yellow Emperor who ruled as one of the mythical emperors of Zhuānxū 颛顼 Chinese pre-history

Another descendent of the Yellow Emperor who succeeded as one of Kù 喾帝 the mythical emperors of Chinese pre-history

Yīn 殷墟 Shang Dynasty capital, located in present day Anyang, site of the Ruins of Yin

Zhāngdé 彰德 Other name for Anyang

Púyáng 濮阳 One of the prefectures in Henan put into Pingyuan Province (see below)

Xīnxiāng 新乡 One of the prefectures in Henan put into Pingyuan Province (see below)

Short-lived province during rhe eary years of rhe PRC, contained a little of Píngyuán 平原 Henan and a little of Shandong