Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Suez Canal University Post-Graduate Studies &Research Sector

Published Research Articles in International Journals

Suez Canal University (Abstracts)

2013, 2014

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

جامعة قناة السويس

قطاع الدراسات العليا والبحوث

ملخص االبحـاث العلميـــة المنشــورة بالدوريات العلمية العالمــية

جامعة لناة السويس

3102-3102

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

كلمة السيد االستاذ الدكتور رئيس جامعة لناة السويس

يعد البحث العلمى أداة األمم للتمدم وصناعة الحضارة واالرتماء بالشعوب وتحميك رفاهيتها ، ويعد ما تمتلكه أى أمة من أبحاث علمية متمدمة وما تمتلكه من تراث علمى دليك أحد المعايير المهمة للحكم على تمدم األمة ، ولذا يشهد العالم سبالا وتعاونا فى هذا المجال حتى يستطيع االنسان تسخير لوى الطبيعة وثرواتها لراحته وسعادته .

كما يعد البحث العلمى الدعامة االساسية لاللتصاد والتطور ولناة مهمة الثراء المعرفة االنسانية فى ميادينها كافة ، لذا فإن ما تمتلكه األمة من علماء يعتبر ثروة تفوق كل الثروات الطبيعية .

ولذلن تحرص جامعة لناة السويس على تشجيع النشر الدولى الذى سيضع الجامعة فى مولع ألئك ضمن التصنيف العالمى للجامعات ، والذى يعتمد من بين معاييره على عدد االبحاث العلمية المنشورة بالدوريات العلمية العالمية ، وتنتهج الجامعة طريما لتنمية االبداع والتفكير العلمى لدى الشباب حتى يمكن تحميك التمدم وبناء مستمبل مشرق .

وفمنا هللا لما فيه الخير لمصرنا الحبيبة

أ.د/ ممدوح مصطفى غراب

رئيس جامعة لناة السويس

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

أصبح البحث العلمى واحد من المجاالت الهامة التى تجعل الدول تتطور بسرعة هائلة وتتغلب على المشكالت التى تواجهها بطرق علمية حيث ان البحث العلمى فى حياة االنسان ينبع من مصدرين هامين وهما : المصدر االول:- يتمثل فى االنتفاع بفوائد تطبيمية حيث تموم الجهات المسئولة بتطبيك هذه الفوائد التى نجمت عن االبحاث. المصدر الثانى:- يتمثل فى االسلوب العلمى فى البحث الذى يبنى عليه جميع المكتشفات واالختراعات .

ويعتبر النشر الدولى منتج اساسى للبحث العلمى الجيد لما له من اهمية كبيرة لدى الجامعات والمراكز البحثية على مستوى العالم، والنشر الدولى هو نشر نتائج االبحاث العلمية فى الدوريات العلمية العالمية المحكمة من لبل اساتذة متخصصين فى فروع العلوم واالّداب المختلفة بينما المدلول الفعلى واالكثر اهمية للنشر الدولى من وجه نظر الباحثين والعلماء على مستوى العالم هو وصول نتائج االبحاث لكافة المتخصصين والباحثين والعلماء فى ذلن الفرع من العلم .

كما اصبح تمويل المشروعات البحثية فى معظم انحاء العالم يعتمد ايضا على عدد االبحاث الدولية المنشورة للباحثين والمجموعات البحثية ولذلن اتجهت الجامعات المصرية فى االّونة االخيرة الى تحفيز باحثيها وعلمائها للنشر الدولى بمنح جوائز مالية تعتمد على تصنيف الدوريات العلمية ومعامل تأثير Impact Factor لكل مجلة مما ادى الى زيادة واضحة فى معدل النشر الدولى للباحثين بالجامعات المصرية ، كذلن ومنذ عام 3112 اصبح النشر الدولى فى الدوريات العلمية المحكمة من اهم عوامل تمييم المتمدمين لجوائز الدولة المختلفة ) تشجيعية – تفوق – تمديرية ( .

ونظرا لمولع جامعة لناة السويس الذى يعتبر الركيزة العلمية االساسية فى المنطمة والتى تعتبر من اهم المناطك التنموية فى الولت الحالى ونظرا للخبرات المتعددة للسادة االساتذة اعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعة فى الكثير من المجاالت لذا تشجع الجامعة وخاصة لطاع الدراسات العليا والبحوث السادة الباحثين من الشباب على النشر بالطريمة السليمة وذلن من خالل عمل دورات متخصصة فى الموضوعات االتية : . طرق الكتابة العلمية المتخصصة . كيفية النشر العلمى بالطريمة الصحيحة . كيفية كتابة المشروعات . اخالليات البحث العلمى

ولذا فان الهدف االساسى للجامعة هو بناء مجتمع مبتكر يمتاز بالمدرات العلمية والتكنولوجية وتوجيه شباب الباحثين الى التطور واالبتكار لتحميك اعظم النتائج .

ا.د/ ناهد دمحم مصطفى على

نائب رئيس الجامعة للدراسات العليا والبحوث

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

A Word by Suez Canal University President

Scientific Research is considered the tool for achieving progress, making civilization and elevating nations. For that reason, what each nation what each nation gains from advanced scientific research and scientific legacy is one of the important criterions to judge its progress. That is why the world today is witnessing a scientific race, as well as scientific cooperation, so that humans can employ the forces and wealth of nature for both comfort and happiness.

Scientific research is also considered the main pillar for economy and development and an important channel to enrich human knowledge in all its fields.

That is why the Suez Canal University is keen to encourage international publication to have a prestigious position at the international ranking of universities, based on the number of scientific Publications in international peer-reviewed journals, books and conferences, Suez Canal University is well on its way to promote creativity and scientific thinking in the youth, so they can achieve progress and build a bright future.

May Allah guide us to the welfare of our beloved Egypt

Prof. Mamdouh mostafa Ghourab Suez Canal University President

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

The scientific research has become one of the main fields that make the countries develop rapidly and scientifically overcome problems that face them. The scientific research in human life comes from two main resources: - First resource: - is to benefit from the applied outcomes, and the responsible agencies to apply those resulted benefits. Second resource: - is the scientific approach in research, upon which all discoveries and inventions are depending. And the international publication is considered a main production of the good scientific research. Also for the great importance it holds at universities and the research centers all around the world. The international publication is to publish the scientific research in international scientific periodicals, which is being judged by special professors in different science and arts fields. But the main contribution for the international publication, from the scientists and researchers point of view, is to reach all the results of the latest researches for all the specialists, scientists, and researchers all around the globe. Also the scientific projects finance, everywhere around the world, is depending on the number of published scientific researches for researchers and research groups. And so, recently, the Egyptian universities started to encourage their own researchers and scientists to internationally publish by giving financial awards depending on the periodicals rating and the Impact Factor for each one, which lead to a great increase to the international publication rate for the Egyptian universities researchers. Also since the year 2009, the international publication in judged scientific periodicals has become one of the main qualifications for candidates for different state awards (encouragement – excellence - discretionary). And for the important position of the Suez Canal university, which is the main educational pillar for a whole region being considered one of the most important development regions in the present, and for the different experiences of the faculty‟s professors in all different fields, the university, and especially the researches and graduate studies sector, encourages the youth researchers to publish in the right way. And that will be through holding specialized courses in the following subjects: - - specialized scientific writing methods - how to correctly publish a scientific research - how to write projects - scientific research ethics And so the main goal for the university is to build an innovative society with scientific and technological capabilities and to direct young researchers to develop and innovate to achieve the greatest results.

Prof. Nahed Mohamed Mostafa Ali Vice-President for Postgraduate Studies and Research Suez Canal University

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

List of Content

NAME OF FACULTY NO.

8-26 Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Vet. Medicine 27-46

Faculty of Dentistry 47-48

Faculty of Pharmacy 49-63

Faculty of Agriculture 64-76

Faculty of Computing and Informatics 77-79

Faculty of Science 80-109

Faculty of Education – Ismailia 110-112

Faculty of Science – El Arish 113-116

Faculty of Education – El Arish 117-118

Faculty of Agriculture Science – El Arish 119-121

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Pharmacology 2014 94:41–50

Effects of intravenous human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell therapy versus gabapentin in pentylenetetrazole-induced chronic epilepsy in rats.

Amira S. Mohammed, Mohammed M. Ewais, Mona K. Tawfik, Soha S. Essawy* Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract:

Aim: The identification and application of stem cells to treat central nervous system disorders represent a dramatic evolution and expansion into the neurorestoration and neuroregeneration realms. The aim of this study was to assess the possible ameliorative effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in comparison to gabapentin on PTZ- induced epileptogenesis and its consequences. As neurorestoration is an extremely active area of investigation in chronic neurodegenerative diseseases, our study was extended to evaluate the effect of MSCs and gabapentin on the GABA neurotransmitter level and the

Methods: Thirty two rats were divided into four equal groups; Group I: saline-injected group, group II: PTZ group, received 13 intraperitoneal (I.P.) injections of PTZ (30 mg/kg) three times/week, groups III, IV received PTZ and treated with I.P. gabapentin (200 mg/kg) 60 min before each PTZ injection or single intravenous injection of 106MSCs /rat at day 22. Results: Treatment with either gabapentin or MSCs, demonstrated a significant improvement in the PTZ- induced epileptogenesis and its severe consequences, oxidative stress damage, motor and cognitive impairments. Moreover, they enhanced the GABA neurotransmitter levels. Meanwhile, MSCs administration to chronic epileptic rats afforded more ameliorative effects on PTZ- induced epileptogenesis and its severe consequences, oxidative stress damage , motor and cognitive impairments in comparison to gabapentin. Conclusion: These data indicate that, MSCs was superior to gabapentin in ameliorating PTZ-induced epileptogenesis and verified the potential use of MSCs on seizure control, motor and cognitive impairments, oxidative stress and the impairing GABA level in experimentally induced epilepsy.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Am J Ophthalmol 2014 157:320–328

Dome shaped Macular configuration: Longitudinal changes in the Sclera and Choroid by Swept-SourceOptical Coherence Tomography over Two Years.

Ellabban AA1,2, Tsujikawa A1, Muraoka Y1, Yamashiro K1, Oishi A1, Ooto S1, Kuroda Y1, Hata M1, Takahasi A2, Yoshimura N1.

1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Suez Canal University, Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

PURPOSE: To study longitudinal changes in the posterior pole in eyes with dome-shaped macular configuration within the staphyloma. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. METHODS: We prospectively examined the macular area in 35 eyes (26 patients) with dome-shaped macular configuration and high myopia (mean spherical equivalent, −14.83 ± 4.50 diopters) using swept-source optical coherence tomography.Scleral and choroidal thicknesses were measured at the fovea and four parafoveal locations 2000 µm from the foveal center. Height of the macular bulge was measured as well. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up of 24.8 ± 2.5 months, the scleral thickness significantly decreased at the fovea from 496.1 ± 95.7 µm to 484.7 ± 96.2 µm (P < .001) and at all four parafoveal locations (P < .001, respectively). The scleral thinning was asymmetric with an estimated decrease per year of 5.62 µm at the foveal center, 11.14 µm superiorly, 12.11 µm inferiorly, 10.39 µm temporally, and 5.79 µm nasally.The ocular concavities deepened over time, and mean macular bulge height increased from 136.5 ± 60.9 µm to 157.6 ± 67.0 µm (P < .001). The choroid within the staphyloma showed generalized thinning during follow-up. Mean choroidal thickness decreased significantly at the fovea from 28.3 ± 17.2 µm at baseline to 22.9 ± 17.2 µm (P< .001). CONCLUSIONS: Progressive asymmetric scleral thinning occurred in the macular region of eyes with in dome-shaped macular configuration. In these eyes, scleral thinning was more pronounced in the perifoveal area than at the macular center, resulting in an increase of the bulge height.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2014 22: 472–482

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Marrubium alysson extracts in high cholesterol-fed rabbits

Soha S. Essawy a, Dina M. Abo-elmatty b, Nabila M. Ghazy c, Jihan M. Badr d, e, *, Olov Sterner f a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt d Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia e Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt f Department of Organic Chemistry 2, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-21100 Lund, Sweden

Abstract:

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hexane (HEXA), chloroform (CHLORO), ethyl acetate (EA) and total alcoholic (T. ALCOH) extracts of Marrubium alysson in hypercholesterolemic-fed rabbits were evaluated. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male rabbits by high cholesterol diet (HCD) (350 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits were allocated into groups, treated with simvastatin (SIM 5 mg/kg), different extracts of M. alysson at two doses of 250, 500 mg/kg. A normal control group and an HCD control one were used for comparison. Lipid profile, as well as oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ox-LDL-C), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and superoxide anion production (O2), C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP- 1) were also evaluated. In addition, histological examination of ascending aorta was performed. We found dyslipidemia associated with significant increases in ox-LDL-C 123.5 ± 9.8 nmol MDA/mg non-HDL, MPO activity 0.08 ± 0.05 U/ 100 mg tissue and O2 production 3.5 ± 0.3 nmol cytochrome C reduced/min/g tissue · 104 in * hypercholerterolemic rabbits. In addition, there was a significant increase in CRP 6.6 ± 0.49 lmol/ L and MCP-1 190.9 ± 6.4 pg/ml and its mRNA expression in HCD. Intima appeared thick with thick plaques surrounding the intima and luminal narrowing. SIM, EA and HEXA extracts of M. alysson had lipid lowering effect, decrease in ox-LDL-C, MPO, O2, CRP and MCP-1 mRNA expression with improvement of the pathological picture. M. alysson enhanced the stability of plaque, had lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Medical Teacher 2014 36:S62–S68

Teaching evidence-based medicine using aProblem-oriented approach

1, Ghaly MS.Hosny S

1Suez Canal University, Egypt.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University is adopting an innovative curriculum. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been integrated into problem based learning (PBL) sessions as a responsive innovative paradigm for the practice and teaching of clinical medicine. AIMS: To integrate EBM in the problem based sessions of the sixth-year students, and to assess students' and tutor satisfaction with this change. METHODS: EBM training was conducted for sixth-year students (196) including four theoretical, and eight practical sessions. Sixteen EBM educational scenarios (problems) were formulated, according to sixth-year curriculum. Each problem was discussed in two sessions through steps of EBM, namely: formulating PICO questions, searching for and appraising evidence, applying the evidence to the clinical scenario and analysing the practice. Students and tutors satisfaction were evaluated using a 3-point ratings questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of students and faculty expressed their satisfaction about integrating EBM with PBL and agreed that the problems were more stimulating. However, 33.6% of students indicated that available time was insufficient for searching literatures. CONCLUSION: Integrating EBM into PBL sessions tends to be more interesting and stimulating than traditional PBL sessions for final year students and helps them to practice and implement EBM in clinical context.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

International Journal of Dermatology 2013 10:410–420

Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin among adult patients with acanthosis nigricans: correlations with insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

1, Emara A, Balata M, Youssef N, Bayoumy N, Sherif A, Fiala L.Atwa M

1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Major adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are known to be dysregulated in obesity and are key players in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to assess serum levels of the major adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, and to study their correlations with the state of insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among AN patients. METHODS: A total of 115 adult subjects were included in the study; 52 of these had benign acquired AN, and 63 (control subjects) were without AN. Thirty-three of the control group were obese, and 30 were healthy subjects of normal weight. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were assessed in all subjects. RESULTS: We found significant differences between AN patients and obese controls in serum levels of leptin (30.02 ± 15.14 ng/ml vs. 21.07 ± 7.92 ng/ml; P = 0.002), adiponectin (5.55 ± 2.89 μg/l vs. 9.02 ± 2.33 μg/ml; P = 0.00001), and resistin (20.88 ± 3.97 ng/ml vs. 16.82 ± 4.36 ng/ml; P = 0.00003). Significant positive correlations were found between serum leptin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) value, insulin, glucose, BMI, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. There were also significant negative correlations between adiponectin and HOMA value, insulin, BMI, cholesterol, and leptin among AN patients. CONCLUSIONS: Acanthosis nigricans is a likely forerunner of the finding of metabolic syndrome. High serum leptin and resistin and low serum adiponectin may increase the risk for CVD among AN patients.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Dev Growth Differ. 2014 6:469-479

Sox17 as a candidate regulator of myeloid restricted differentiation potential.

1, Anani M, Nobuhisa I, Osawa M, Iwama A, Harada K, Saito K, Taga T.

1Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University

Abstract:

Sry related high mobility group box 17 (Sox17), which is a marker of endodermal cells and a transcriptional regulator, has a critical role in the maintenance of fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Sox17 has been identified as a key regulator of the development and differentiation of fetal hematopoietic progenitors from the aorta-gonad- mesonephros (AGM) region. The co-culture of Sox17-transduced hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD45 (low) c-Kit (high) cells) from AGM regions on OP9 stromal cells gives rise to multipotential hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Here, we show that in a primary transplantation experiment, Sox17-transduction in CD45 (low) c-Kit (high) cells of embryonic day (E) 10.5 AGM increased the absolute number of common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) in the bone marrow (BM) of recipient mice in comparison to that of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs) and the megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (MEPs). When Sox17-transduced cells were cultured with OP9 stromal cells, Sox17-transduced GMPs (Sox17-GMPs), Sox17-transduced CMPs (Sox17-CMPs), and Sox17-transduced MEPs (Sox17-MEPs) were generated. Sox17-GMPs and Sox17-CMPs maintained their self-renewal capacity and the hematopoietic ability upon co-culture with the OP9 stromal cells for some passages. Moreover, Sox17-GMPs exhibited the increase in expression of c-Mpl and GATA-2 in comparison to GMPs of BM and Sox17-CMPs showed the increase in expression of c-Mpl, NF-E2, and β-globin genes in comparison to CMPs of BM. Furthermore, when Sox17-transduced cells were cultured in methylcellulose to examine the colony-forming ability, Sox17-GMPs and Sox17-CMPs maintained the formation of mixed colonies for some passages. Taken together, Sox17 is suggested to regulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors derived from AGM regions at midgestation, in particular myeloid progenitors.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Surg Radiol Anat. 2014 7:633-641

External nasal parameters in Egyptians: an in-depth nasal photogrammatic analysis.

1Mohammed Ali MH

1Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract:

PURPOSE: As ethnic influences can result in different appearances of the nose, the purpose of this study was to provide a set of standard values of the external form of the nose with special emphasis on the influence of age and sex on these values to establish norms for the Egyptians. METHODS: Several soft-tissue landmarks on the external nose were obtained by a non- invasive, photogrammetric analysis in 1,000 healthy Egyptians aged 20-70 years. From these landmarks, ten linear distances and six nasal angles were measured and six nasal indices were calculated. RESULTS: A significant sexual dimorphism was found for nasal external volume and area and most linear distances where males presented with higher values than those in females of the corresponding age except for alar length where females showed higher values. Moreover, age significantly influenced nasal volume, area and distances as they showed statistically significant increase till old age. Concerning angles, nasofrontal, nasofacial, nasomental and nasolabial angles were wider in females while mentocervical angle was wider in males. Moreover, nasofrontal, mentocervical and alar slope angles showed significant increase with advancing age while nasofacial, nasomental and nasolabial showed significant decrease. Regarding nasal indices, sexual dimorphism was recognized for anatomic nasal index, nasal tip protrusion, nasal height ratio and nasal tip protrusion-nasal width indices. Moreover, results also showed that the Egyptians have a Mesorrhine type of nose. CONCLUSION: Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a database for the quantitative description of the Egyptian nasal morphology.

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European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 2014 7:1075–1083

Humeral resurfacing arthroplasty in combination with latissimus dorsi tendon transfer in patients with rotator cuff tear arthropathy and preserved subscapularis muscle function: preliminary report and short-term results

Joerg Jerosch • Sherif M. Sokkar • Christian Neuhaeuser • Ashraf Abdelkafy

S. M. Sokkar (&) A. Abdelkafy Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Suez Canal University.

Abstract:

Purpose: Humeral resurfacing arthroplasty represents an alternative option to hemiarthroplasty for treatment of cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), with the advantages as follows: suitability for relatively young and high-demand patients because of preservation of bone stock and no loss of length, less invasive surgery, shorter operation time, no risk of periprosthetic stem fractures, and revision surgery can be undertaken easily. In the current study, resurfacing arthroplasty in combination with latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for CTA was performed. Three hypotheses: first, humeral resurfacing arthroplasty in combination with latissimus dorsi tendon transfer would improve the overall functional outcome in patients with CTA. Second, this combination would improve humeral external rotation. Third, this combination would improve abduction and shoulder elevation. Methods: Study was conducted as an observational case series. Fourteen patients (nine$and five#) having CTA were included. Follow-up was carried out at the end of the 28th month for all patients. Constant Score was used for follow-up evaluation. Dorso- axillary approach was used for latissimus dorsi tendon transfer and ventral deltopectoral approach for Copeland resurfacing. Tendons were fixed to the greater tuberosity with two anchors. Results: The absolute Constant Score significantly improved from 34 preoperatively to 69 postoperatively, relative Constant Score from 42 to 91 %, elevation from 95 to 138, abduction from 88 to 147, and external rotation from 16 to 22 (not significant). Conclusion: Humeral resurfacing arthroplasty in combination with latissimus dorsi tendon transfer in patients having CTA with preserved subscapularis function has satisfactory short-term functional clinical outcome. Level of evidence: IV. Keywords: Rotator cuff tear arthropathy, humeral resurfacing arthroplasty, Shoulder resurfacing, Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer, Subscapularis muscle, Copeland shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty.

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European Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 1:84-87

Red-free light for measurement of intraocular pressure using Goldmann applanation tonometer without fluorescein.

Ehab M. Ghoneim

Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia - Egypt

Abstract:

Purpose: To evaluate the use of red-free light for the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)using a Goldmann applanation tonometer without fluorescein. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 500 eyes in 250 patients attending theOphthalmology Outpatient Clinic at Suez Canal University Hospital. The IOP was measured usinga Goldmann applanation tonometer mounted on a Haag-Streit slit-lamp. The measurements wereperformed first using red-free light without fluorescein. Then the measurements were repeated withcobalt blue light and topical fluorescein on the same eyes. Results: The mean IOP was 15.23 ± 3.3 (SD) mm Hg using the red-free light withoutfluorescein,whereas it was 15.78 ± 3.7 (SD) mm Hg when measured using cobalt blue light after the application offluorescein to the conjunctival sac. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Measurement of IOP with a Goldmann applanationtonometer with red-free light andwithout the use of fluorescein is simple, saves time, and gives an accurate IOP measurement relativeto the traditional measurement technique with cobalt blue light and topical fluorescein.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Pharmacogenomics 2014 4:467– 475

MTHFR functional genetic variation and methotrexate treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

Michael D Morgan1, Nashwa Al-Shaarawy2, Steve Martin1, James I Robinson1, Sarah Twigg3, YEAR Consortium3, Awadalla A Magdy4, Aziza Sayed Omar2, Maivel H Ghattas5, Paul Emery1,3, Jennifer H Barrett3,6& Ann W Morgan1,3

1Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James‟s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS9 7TF, UK 2 Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 3 NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK 4 Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt 5Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 6Section of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies & Pathology, Leeds Cancer Research UK Centre, St James‟s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

Abstract:

Aim: To date, functional MTHFR SNPs have been tested for their impact on low-dose methotrexate (MTX) response in small rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts. We sought to test their effect in the single largest cohort studied to date, and undertook a meta-analysis utilizing stringent study inclusion criteria. Materials & methods: RA patients treated with MTX monotherapy from the Yorkshire Early Arthritis Register (YEAR) were genotyped using RFLP assays, and tested for association with treatment efficacy. Studies for meta-analysis were screened by a set of stringent inclusion criteria. Results & conclusion: r s18 01131 and r s18 01133 were not associated with response to MTX in the YEAR cohort, nor did they affect the probability of achieving a low disease activity state. A meta-analysis of comparable studies found no association with these SNPs. MTHFR SNPs rs1801131 and rs1801133 are unlikely to have a clinically meaningful effect on the first 6 months of MTX treatment in early RA

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2014 128:612– 617

Use of the nine-step inflation/deflation test and resting middle-ear pressure range as predictors of middle-ear barotrauma in aircrew members

A HUSSEIN*, A ABOUSETTA**

*Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cairo University, and**Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Suez Canal University, Egypt.

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the role of the nine-step inflation/deflation tympanometric test and resting middle-ear pressure range as predictors of barotrauma in aircrew members.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomised study was conducted on 100 aircrew members. Resting middle-ear pressure was measured and the nine-step inflation/deflation test performed on all subjects before flights. Subjects were allocated to two groups according to resting middle-ear pressure range (group A, within the range of +26 to +100 and −26 to −100 mmH2O; group B, −25 to +25 mmH2O). All aircrew members were assessed after flights regarding the presence and the grade of barotrauma.

Results: In both groups, the sensitivity and specificity values of the entire post- inflation/deflation test were close to those of the post-deflation part of the test. The post- deflation test had a higher negative predictive value than the post-inflation test. Ears with resting middle-ear pressure lower than −55 mmH2O experienced barotrauma, regardless of good or poor post-inflation or post-deflation test results.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

J Sex Med. 2014 5:1193-200

Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Female Genital Self- Image Scale

Ghada Farouk Abd El-kaream Mohammed, MD* and Haydy Hassan, MD†

*Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; †Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Introduction. Female genital self-image is significantly related to female sexual function. It has been inadequately investigated in Egypt. Aim. To translate the original English version of the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) into Arabic and validate the Arabic version (AVFGSIS). Methods. Validation was carried out for the aspects of face, content, and criterion (concurrent) validity. Studies on test–retest reliability and internal consistency were conducted using Cronbach‟s alpha and Pearson correlation, respectively. Main Outcome Measures. Main outcome measures were the validity and reliability of the AVFGSIS and its domains. Correlations between domain scores on the AVFGSIS and the Arabic version of the Female Sexual Function Index (AVFSFI) were assessed. Results. A total of 244 married women aged 18–60 years participated in this study. There was a high test–retest correlation (r >0.8). The AVFGSIS was found to have good face and content validity as a whole and for each domain. Significant positive correlations were observed with each domain of the AVFSFI: desire (r = 0.815), arousal (r = 0.861), lubrication (r = 0.855), orgasm (r = 0.820), satisfaction (r = 0.832), and pain (r = 0.884) (all P <0.001). Conclusions. The AVFGSIS is not only valid but also reliable, as much so as the original English version. In addition, female genital self-image was found to be significantly related to female sexual function.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Parasitology Research 2013 112:2667–2674

Applicability of partial characterization of cytochrome oxidase I in identification of forensically important flies (Diptera) from China and Egypt

Sanaa Mohamed Aly & Jifang Wen

Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

Precise species identification of every insect sample collected from criminal scenes play an essential role in the accurate estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). The morphological similarity poses a great challenge for forensic entomologists. DNA-based method can be used as a supplemental means of morphological method. In the present study, we demonstrate the applicability of the 304-bp cytochrome oxidase I gene fragment (COI) in molecular identification of forensically important Diptera. We analyzed 75 specimens belonging to 19 species of 3 families originating from China (Calliphoridae: Chrysomya megacephala; Chrysomya albiceps; Chrysomya rufifacies; Chrysomya nigripes; Aldrichina grahami; Lucilia bazini; Lucilia caesar; Lucilia cuprina; Lucilia sericata; Lucilia porphyrina; Muscidae: Musca autumnalis; Musca domestica; Fannia canicularis; Stomoxys calcitrans; Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga albiceps; Sarcophaga dux and Helicophagella melanura) and Egypt (Calliphoridae: Chrysomya megacephala; Chrysomya albiceps; Lucilia sericata; Muscidae: Musca domestica; Fannia canicularis; Stomoxys calcitrans; Synthesiomyia nudiseta; Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga argyrostoma). This region was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing of the amplification products. Nucleotide sequence divergences were calculated using the Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distance model and a neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree generated. Intraspecific variation ranged from 0-0.8% and interspecific variation occurred between 1-19%. Although all examined specimens were assigned to the correct species and formed distinct monophyletic clades, the data of the phylogenetic analysis were not completely in accordance with the traditional morphological classification. As both C. nigripes and A. grahami unexpectedly joined with Muscidae and Sarcophagidae groups respectively. Moreover, both Calliphorinae and Luciliinae clades failed to represent Calliphoridae as a separate group. Therefore, although molecular methods are beneficial especially if the available evidence are immature stage or degraded fragments of insect, we suggest using this fragment only in addition to other identification methods.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Parasitology Research

2013 7:2745- 2752

Role of CCR5 delta 32 mutation in protecting patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection against hepatitis C viral infection or progression

1El-Moamly AA1, El-Sweify MA, Rashad RM, Abdalla EM, Ragheb MM, Awad MM

1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 4.5 Km region, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.

Abstract:

Schistosomiasis has been incriminated in the significant increase in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, although the association has not been adequately explained. We hypothesized that the CCR5Δ32 mutation may be involved in the high prevalence of HCV with schistosomiasis. The aim was to explore the association between the CCR5Δ32 mutation in schistosomiasis patients and protection against HCV infection or progression. We compared 220 schistosomiasis patients (S group) and 190 patients with HCV and shistosomiasis(HCV/S group) for the presence of the CCR5Δ32 mutation. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments were done. HCV infection was diagnosed with anti-HCV antibodies and a recombinant HCV antigen-based rapid immunochromatographic test, and confirmed byHCV reverse-transcriptase PCR. HCV genotyping was done by reverse hybridization line probe assay. Schistosomiasis was diagnosed by FAST-ELISA and indirect haemagglutination for S. mansoni antibodies, and stool analysis for ova. Polymorphisms of the CCR5 receptor gene were assessed by PCR-based genotyping of the 32-bp deletion at the CCR5 locus in whole blood. Of HCV/S patients, 91.6% vs. 91.8% of S patients had CCR5 WT/WT homozygosity (nonmutants). Heterozygous and homozygous CCR5Δ32 mutation patterns (CCR5Δ32/WT and CCR5Δ32/Δ32) were distributed similarly in the HCV/S and S groups (6.8% vs. 7.2% and 0.53% vs. 0.90%, respectively; p>0.05, OR=0.97). Genotype 4 was the predominant viral genotype (93% of cases). No differences were observed in CCR5 gene patterns according to viral genotype, viral RNA count or ALT level. However, CCR5Δ32 mutants (homozygous and heterozygous) had a lower rate of severe hepatic fibrosis vs. nonmutants (27% vs. 42%, p=0.101, OR=0.51). Moreover, 53.4% of CCR5Δ32/WT mutants showed spontaneous viral clearance vs. 26.2% of nonmutants (p=0.000, OR=4.1).Conclusion: No association was detected between the CCR5Δ32 mutation and HCV disease susceptibility in schistosomiasis patients. However, patients with the CCR5Δ32 mutation and HCV infection were less prone to severe hepatic fibrosis and more likely to have spontaneous viral clearance than patients with the nonmutant genotype.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Liver international 2014 6:890-895

Strong prediction of virological response to combination therapy by IL28B gene variants rs12979860 and rs8099917 in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4

Mostafa M. Ragheb1, Nader A. Nemr2, Rania M. Kishk3, Mohamed F. Mandour4, Mohamed M. Abdou1, Kentaro Matsuura5, Tsunamasa Watanabe5 and Yasuhito Tanaka5 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 2 Department of Endemic and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 4 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 5 Department of Virology & Liver units, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

Abstract:

Background: A strong association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL28B and treatment outcomes of pegylated interferon-a (PEG IFNa) and ribavirin (RBV) has been shown in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with genotype 1. Aim: This study aimed to assess two SNPs of IL28B, rs12979860 and rs8099917, in predicting sustained virological responses (SVR) to treatment of CHC patients with genotype 4 (HCV-4). The value of rs8099917 was investigated in carriers of unfavourable genotypes of rs12979860. Methods: This study included 119 CHC patients with HCV-4 receiving combination therapy. Both SNPs of IL28B were determined by real-time detection polymerase chain reaction. Results: Genotypes CC/ CT/TT of rs12979860 were found in 42 (35.3%), 56 (47.1%) and 21 (17.6%) and rs8099917 TT/TG/GG were found in 74 (62.2%), 40 (33.6%) and 5 (4.2%). In carriers of rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT, the rate of SVR was 87.5 and 65.7% respectively. In 54 patients heterozygous for the C allele ofrs12979860, testing of rs8099917 revealed SVR in 42.3% of carriers of the TT genotype but no such responses in carriers of TG or GG (P < 0.0001, OR = 47.3, 95% CI: 2.33–767.2). By multivariate analysis, predictors of SVR were baseline ALT (P = 0.014, OR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.45– 27.33), rs12979860 CC (P = 0.001, OR = 13.48, 95% CI: 2.95–61.69) and rs8099917 TT (P = 0.027, OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 1.25–44.88). Conclusion: In CHC genotype 4 patients, favourable genotypes of both SNPs of IL28B are valuable for predicting SVR. Additional genotyping of rs8099917 in carriers of the heterozygous C allele of rs12979860 can improve the prediction of SVR.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

J Mol Neurosci 2013 51:950–958

Expressions of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and MicroRNA-155 in Immature Rat Model of Status Epilepticus and Children with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Muhammad Usman Ashhab & Ahmed Omran& Huimin Kong & Na Gan & Fang He & Jing Peng & Fei Yin A. Omran Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

Recently, the role of inflammation has attracted great attention in the pathogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), and microRNAs start to emerge as promising new players in MTLE pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the dynamic expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and microRNA-155 (miR-155) in the hippocampi of an immature rat model of status epilepticus (SE) and children with MTLE. The expressions of TNF-α and miR-155 were significantly upregulated in the seizure- related acute and chronic stages of MTLE in the immature rat model and also in children with MTLE. Modulation of TNF-α expression, either by stimulation using myeloid-related protein (MRP8) or lipopolysaccharide or inhibition using lenalidomide on astrocytes, leads to similar dynamic changes in miR-155 expression. Our study is the first to focus on the dynamic expression pattern of miR-155 in the immature rat of SE lithium-pilocarpine model and children with MTLE and to detect their relationship at the astrocyte level. TNF-α and miR-155, having similar expression patterns in the three stages of MTLE development, and their relationship at the astrocyte level may suggest a direct interactive relationship during MTLE development. Therefore, modulation of the TNF-α/miR-155 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MTLE.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Lung Cancer 2014 85:131–140

Notch1 signaling controls cell proliferation, apoptosis anddifferentiation in lung carcinoma

Hassan Waela,b, Ryoji Yoshidac, Shinji Kudoha, Kohki Hasegawaa,Kanako Niimori-Kitaa, Takaaki Itoa,∗ aDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan bDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt cDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japana

Abstract:

Objectives: The role of Notch signaling in human lung cancer still remains unclear, and there has been and stills a debate, on the extent to which Notch ligands and receptors are involved in lung cancer development. This study was carried out to investigate the role of Notch1 signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of human lung cancer cells. Methods: We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to down-regulate the expression of Notch1 in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells; H69AR and SBC-3, as well as in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells; A549 adenocarcinoma (ADC) and H2170 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Also, we transfected venus Notch1 intracellular domain (v.NICD) plasmid into the human SCLC line H69 and H1688. In addition, H1688 cells with activated Notch1 were injected into immune- compromised Rag2 (−/−) Jak3 (−/−) mice for analysis of ex vivo tumor growth and differentiation phenotype. Results: Notch1 controls cell proliferation and apoptosis in both SCLC and A549; but not in H2170 cell line. Overexpression of Notch1 in SCLC markedly decreased cell proliferation via apoptosis. The subcutaneous tumors arising from xenotransplaned SCLC cells transfected with Notch1 showed “epithelial-like glandular” arrangement, with positive Alcian blue staining and reduction in neuroendocrine markers. Conclusion: Notch1 up regulation has an inhibitory effect on cell growth and NE differentiation in SCLC, with induction of an epithelial-like morphology of cells in tissue samples. In NSCLC, Notch1 expression has a tumor inhibitory effect on ADC cells, but not SCC cells.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

World J Urol 2014 33:649–657

The impact of adding low-dose oral desmopressin therapy to tamsulosin therapy for treatment of nocturia owing to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Ahmed AF1, Maarouf A, Shalaby E, Gabr AH, Shahin A, Ghobish A.

E. Shalaby · A. Ghobish Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 224, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding a low-dose oral desmopressin to tamsulosin therapy for treatment of nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS:Eligible patients with BPH and nocturia ≥2/night were randomly allocated to two treatment groups; the first of which received 3-month treatment scheme of daily oral dose of tamsulosin OCAS 0.4 mg and desmopressin MELT 60 mcg (D/T group), while the second one received tamsulosin OCAS 0.4 mg only (T group). Patients were followed on monthly basis and changes in the parameters from baseline to 3 months after treatment were assessed on I-PSS/QoL questionnaire, 7-day voiding diary, urinalysis, serum sodium, abdominal ultrasonography and uroflowmetry. RESULTS: A total of 248 patients were included within the study; 123 patients in the combined D/T group and 125 patients in T group. The frequencies of night voids decreased by 64.3% in D/T group compared to 44.6% in T group. The first sleep period, significantly increased from 82.1 to 160.0 min and from 83.2 to 123.8 min in D/T and T group, respectively; and significant differences between both groups were observed at the end of study (p < 0.001). I-PSS, QoL score, post-void residual urine volume and Q max were significantly improved with no statistical difference between both groups. No serious adverse effects were reported in both groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of low-dose oral desmopressin therapy to an α-blocker tamsulosin provides effective treatment for nocturia in patients with LUTS/BPH.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2014 76:517–530

Antiobesity, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of newly synthesized chalcone derivatives and their metal complexes

Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly a, b,*, Hamadah Hamadah Abd El Razek Fodahc, d, Sherif Yousef Salehe aChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Hawyah-Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia bChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Said University, 42522 Port Said, Egypt cChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia dChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt eBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Four sets of rationally designed chalcones were prepared for evaluation of their antiobesity, antioxidantand cytotoxicity activities. These sets include nine oleoyl chalcones as mimics of oleoyl estrone, threemonohydroxy chalcones (chalcone ligands), Schiff base-derived chalcones and four copper as well as zinccomplexes. Oleoyl chalcones4d, 4eand particularly6aas an isosteric isomer of oleoyl estrone, were asactive as Orlistat on weight loss and related metabolic parameters using male SD ratsin vivo. Chalconeligands10aecand Schiff base-derived chalcones11and14a, bwere weakly antioxidants, while, thecopper and zinc complexes15aedwere good antioxidants with zinc chelates15b, dbeing more activethan their copper analogues15a, cin vitro. Compounds10cAnd14ashowed good cytotoxicity activities asDoxorubicin against PC3 cancer cell linein vitro, while, the copper complex15cshowed promising ac-tivity with IC50value of 5.95mM. The estimated IC50value for Doxorubicin was 8.7mM. Chalcones14a,bare bifunctional probes for potential investigations in cancer diagnosis and radiotherapy by complexationwith Gd3þor metal radioisotopes followed by posttranslation of Shiga toxin B-subunits that targetglobotriosyl ceramide expressing cancer cells.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014 8:1455-1462

Molecular investigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in domestic bovids from Gharbia, Egypt. 1Elhaig MM, Elsheery MN.

1Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affecting cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) occurred in Egypt during 2012/2013. The present study was undertaken to determine the current strains of the FMD virus (FMDV) and the prevalence of FMD among cattle and buffalo in Gharbia, Egypt. The diagnostic sensitivity of two RT-PCR assays for the detection of FMDV was evaluated. The results revealed that SAT2 was the causative agent. The percentage of infected of animals varied with the detection method, ranging from 62.5 % by the untranslated region (UTR) RT-PCR to 75.6 % by SAT2 RT-PCR. The overall prevalence and mortality rates were 100 and 21 %, respectively. The mortality was higher in buffalo (23.3 %) than it was in cattle (17 %). A partial sequence of SAT2 was identical (90-100 %) to Egyptian isolates and was close in similarity to sequences from Sudan and Libya. In conclusion, FMD in Egypt is caused by SAT2. No other serotypes were detected. The results of this study provided the valuable data regarding the epidemiology of SAT2 in cattle and water buffalo from Egypt, which strengthens the need to change the strategies of both control and prevention that help to prevent the spread of the disease.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2014 1:21-26

Oral pharmacokinetics of the acidic drugs, diclofenac and sulfamonomethoxine in male Shiba goats

Mohamed ELBADAWY1, 2, Takara SAKIYAMA1, Rania ABOHATAB3, Kazuaki SASAKI1and Minoru SHIMODA1*.

1- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, TokyoUniversity of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, JAPAN. 2-Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University,Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, EGYPT. 3- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EGYPT

Abstract:

In the present study, we examined the oral pharmacokinetics of the acidic drugs, diclofenac (DF) and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), which have different physicochemicalproperties, in Shiba goats. DF and SMM were intravenously and orally administered to 5 malegoats using a crossover design. The Tmax of DF and SMM were reached 1.5 and 5.6 hr afterthey have been orally administered, respectively, and this was followed by their slowelimination. The elimination of both drugs was markedly faster after being intravenouslyrather than orally administered, which indicated flip-flop phenomena after the oraladministration. The mean absorption times (MATs) of DF and SMM were 6 and 15 hr,respectively. This slow absorption may have been due to slow gastric emptying in goats. Thelarge difference observed in MATs between DF and SMM may have been because DF, whichis more lipophilic than SMM, was partly absorbed from the forestomach. Therefore, theseresults suggest that the absorption of highly lipophilic drugs from the forestomach may bemarkedly high in Shiba goats. In case of drugs whose elimination is quite fast, their efficaciesmay appear from the early stage after oral administration even in ruminants, becauseelimination rate is the determinant factor of Tmax in flip-flop phenomena. Such drugs may beused orally even in ruminants.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Life Science Journal 2014 3:228-233

Use of enzyme activities as biomarkers for oxidative stress induced by metacercarial affections in some cultured tilapia species

1Eissa I A M, 1Derwa H I, 1Mona Ismail, 2Ramadan R A, 3Mona Zaki** and 2Nashwa Mohamed

1Dept. of Fish Diseases & Management, Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal Univ 2Central Lab. For Aquaculture Research, El-Abbasa. 3 Dept. of Hydrobiology, National Research Center

Abstract:

The present study was carried out on two different species of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and O aureus. They were collected randomly and seasonally from El-Abbassa fish farm, Sharkia Governorate. The clinical picture revealed no pathgnomic clinical abnormalities on the external body surface. Encysted metacercariae were identified as Diplostomum tilapiae, Rudolphi, 1809, Centrocestus formosanus Nishigori, 1924 and Heterophyes sp. Witenberg, 1929. The total prevalence was 13.1% and the seasonal prevalence was recorded. The enzyme activities (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathion peroxidase, Glutathion reductase, Malondialdehyde, Cytochrome oxidase and Lactate dehydrogenase) in gills, liver and musculature of both infected tilapias were measured and discussed.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Planta Medica 2014 18:1665-1671

Protective Role of Cupressuflavone from Cupressus macrocarpaagainst Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepato- and Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Al-Sayed E 1, Abdel-Daim MM2

1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract:

The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of cupressuflavone isolated from Cupressus macrocarpa was investigated against CCl4-induced toxicity in mice. Cupressuflavone was administered (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg/day) for five days. CCl4 was administered (0.5 mL/kg intraperitoneally) at the end of the experiment. A substantial increase (p < 0.001) in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and malondialdehyde was observed in the

CCl4-treated group compared to the normal control group. In contrast, a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in glutathione and superoxide dismutase contents as well as the total protein level was evident in the CCl4-intoxicated mice. Cupressuflavone pretreatment markedly inhibited the CCl4- induced increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001 at all the tested doses). In addition, a significant (p < 0.001) and dose-dependent decrease in the total bilirubin levels was evident by cupressuflavone pretreatment

(80 and 160 mg/kg/day) when compared to the CCl4-intoxicated group. Furthermore, cupressuflavone administration significantly increased the activity of antioxidant parameters glutathione and superoxide dismutase as well as the serum protein levels (p < 0.001 at all the tested doses) in a dose- dependent manner. Histological observations confirmed the strong hepato- and nephroprotective activity. These findings suggest that cupressuflavone could exert a beneficial effect against oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense status, reducing lipid peroxidation, and protecting against the pathological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver and kidney tissues. The structure of cupressuflavone was identified by NMR, UV, and HRESI-MS/MS spectral data.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Parasit Vectors. 2014 7: 321

Epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in ruminant livestock and children in the Ismailia province of Egypt: insights by genetic characterization

Helmy YA1, Klotz C, Wilking H, Krücken J, Nöckler K, Von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Zessin KH, Aebischer T.

1Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41511 Ismailia, Egypt. Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Giardia duodenalis is a common flagellated protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine of a wide range of vertebrate hosts. This study aimed to determine whether tracing of G. duodenalis isolates by current genetic typing tools is possible using an exemplary set of samples from infected cattle, buffalo and children from the Ismailia province, Egypt. METHOD: A total of 804 fecal samples from ruminant animals was collected from 191 herds and 165 samples from diarrheal children below the age of 10 years. Parasites were detected in these samples using the copro-antigen RIDA®QUICK test and by real-time PCR. Samples were then genetically characterized based on the triosephosphate isomerase, glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes. RESULTS: The prevalence of G. duodenalis was 53% in ruminants and 21% in symptomatic children and infection was not positively correlated with diarrheal symptoms. Sequence typing analysis confirmed predominance of B-type sequences (>67%) in humans and E-type sequences (>81%) in ruminants over A-type sequences. For 39 samples the complete sequence information of the three marker gene fragments could be derived. Integration of the concatenated sequence information of the three marker gene fragments with the spatial data of the respective sample revealed that identical or near identical (only up to 1 out of 1358 bp different) concatenated sequencing types were spatially related in 4 out of 5 cases. CONCLUSION: The risk of zoonotic infection emanating from ruminants even in high prevalence areas is negligible. Genetic characterization indicated a predominant anthropogenic cycle of infection within the pediatric population studied. Integration of sequence typing data with information on geographic origins of samples allows parasite sub-population tracing using current typing tools.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Physiolgy Behavior 2014 131:149-55

Neuroendocrine changes upon exposure to predator odors.

Hegab IM1, Wei W2

1Department of Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. 2Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.

Abstract:

Predator odors are non-intrusive and naturalistic stressors of high ethological relevance in animals. Upon exposure to a predator or its associated cues, robust physiological and molecular anti-predator defensive strategies are elicited thereby allowing prey species to recognize, avoid and defend against a possible predation threat. In this review, we will discuss the nature of neuroendocrine stress responses upon exposure to predator odors. Predator odors can have a profound effect on the endocrine system, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and induction of stress hormones such as corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone. On a neural level, short-term exposure to predator odors leads to induction of the c-fos gene, while induction of ΔFosB in a different brain region is detected under chronic predation stress. Future research should aim to elucidate the relationships between neuroendocrine and behavioral outputs to gage the different levels of anti-predator responses in prey species.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Vet Microbiol. 2013 167:3-4

Molecular studies on diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli isolated from humans and animals in Egypt. Shabana ll1, Zaraket H, Suzuki H.

1Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and mycology, Suez Canal University, Egypt; Division of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan

Abstract:

The molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from Egypt and the relationship of E. coli strains from claves, camels and humans are limited. We analyzed the genetic relationships of 48 diarrhea-associated E. coli strains isolated from sporadic diarrheal cases from humans (n=26), calves (n=14) and camels (n=8) using multilocus sequence type (MLST), virulence genes, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) accounted for 60.4% of all samples and the rest were Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 10.4%, Diffuse adhering E. coli (DAEC) 8.3%, Enteroaggreagative E. coli (EAEC) 6.3%, Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) 6.3%, Untypable E. coli. 6.3% and Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) 2.1%. We identified 17 new sequence types (ST) and 12 new alleles. Generally, strains divided into 6 clonal complexes, and clonal complex (CC) 10 was the major one, detected in (15/48; 31.3%) strains from humans, calves and camels. The close relationship among the strains from different hosts was regarding to mdh, purA, and recA genes which presented a minor variation in relation to other housekeeping genes. CONCLUSION: MLST analysis suggested an endemic prevalence of clonal complex (CC) 10 in Egypt. Same sequencing types (ST) could be detected in human, calf and camel, especially ST10, indicating the ability of E. coli to cross the host barrier. Together with PFGE results and virulence genotypes we conclude that human, calf and camel can be colonized and infected with similar E. coli strains and provide evidence of calves and camels role as a reservoir for similar strains of diarrhea-associated E. coli.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Poultry Science 2014 12: 3002-8

Comparative evaluation of probiotic and salinomycin effects on performance and coccidiosis control in broiler chickens.

Abdelrahman W1, Mohnl M2, Teichmann K3, Doupovec B2, Schatzmayr G3, Lumpkins B4, Mathis G4.

1BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria 3130 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 41522. 2BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria 3130. 3BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln, Austria 3430. 4Southern Poultry Research, 96 Roquemore Road, Athens, GA 30607.

Abstract:

The annual financial loss to the poultry industry as a result of coccidiosis has been estimated at about US $3 billion. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of probiotics and salinomycin as feed additives on performance and coccidiosis control in male broilers raised to 42 d of age. The study consisted of 360 Cobb male broiler chickens randomly allocated to 4 groups each with 3 replicates. Group 1: untreated, unchallenged negative control group (NC); group 2: untreated, challenged positive control group (PC); group 3: negative control supplemented with salinomycin 66 mg/kg, challenged group (Sal); and group 4: negative control supplemented with probiotics, challenged (Prob mix). On d 15, all birds (except group 1) were challenged with approximately 75,000, 25,000, and 75,000 of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella oocytes, respectively, that were mixed into the feed. Feed conversion ratio and mortality were recorded throughout the experiment. On d 21 and 42, intestinal lesions and litter conditions were scored. On d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, oocyst counts were determined from 10 freshly collected fecal samples per pen. The results showed that mortality, litter, and lesion scores at d 21 and 42, and oocyst shedding at d 21 did not differ significantly between the Prob mix and the Sal groups. However on d 28, oocyst shedding was significantly lower in the Sal group than in the PC group but insignificantly lower than the Prob mix group. Body weights of the Prob mix group at d 42 were significantly lower than the Sal group; however, the feed conversion ratio values were similar between the 2 groups. The results of this study showed that probiotics supplementation could be considered as a potential strategy to control coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2014 12: 3002-8

Characterization of early transient accumulation of PrPSc in immune cells

Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly a, b, c, ⇑Q1, Yasuo Inoshima b, Naotaka Ishiguro b a Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan b Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan c Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

The mechanisms and processes of the uptake, intracellular trafficking and intercellular spread of PrPSc and its transfer to neural cells are not clearly defined. The involvement of immune, intestinal, mast or peripheral neural cells in this process also remains unclear. The role of these cell types in the accumulation and transfer of PrPSc to neural cells was investigated following short and prolonged exposure to the Chandler and Obihiro strains of scrapie PrPSc for up to 28 days. Eight cell lines of murine

Immune, neural, intestinal and fibroblast cell types were tested. After transient degradation phases, certain immune, intestinal and neural cells accumulated PrPSc for up to 28 days postinfection. When co-cultured with N2a-3/EGFP neuroblastoma cells for 4 days followed by several passages, the immune, intestinal and the neural cell lines were able to transfer infection to neural cells. Our results suggest that some of these cell types may have a role in PrPSc accumulation and intercellular spread of PrPSc infection to neural cells in vivo.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 2014 3:327-37

Pluripotent stem cells as a potential tool for disease modelling and cell therapy in diabetes

Essam M. Abdelalim1, 2. Amélie Bonnefond1, 3, 4,5. Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli6, 7. Philippe Froguel1, 3, 4, 5,8

1Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, 5825 Doha, Qatar. 2Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. 3CNRS UMR8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille, France. 4Lille 2 University, Lille, France. 5European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France. 6INSERM UMR S935, ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud 11, Villejuif, France. 7AP-HP Laboratory of Hematology, CHU, Biceˆtre, France. 8Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is the most prevailing disease with progressive incidence worldwide. To date, the pathogenesis of diabetes is far to be understood, and there is no permanent treatment available for diabetes. One of the promising approaches to understand and cure diabetes is to use pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PCSs (iPSCs). ESCs and iPSCs have a great potential to differentiate into all cell types, and they have a high ability to differentiate into insulin-secreting β cells. Obtaining PSCs genetically identical to the patient presenting with diabetes has been a longstanding dream for the in vitro modeling of disease and ultimately cell therapy. For several years, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was the method of choice to generate patient-specific ESC lines. However, this technology faces ethical and practical concerns. Interestingly, the recently established iPSC technology overcomes the major problems of other stem cell types including the lack of ethical concern and no risk of immune rejection. Several iPSC lines have been recently generated from patients with different types of diabetes, and most of these cell lines are able to differentiate into insulin-secreting β cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the differentiation of pancreatic β cells from PSCs, and describe the challenges for their clinical use in diabetes cell therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of patient- specific PSCs as an in vitro model, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of diabetes.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Infection Genetics Evolution 2014 28:44-7

Emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus lineage IV in Ismailia Province, Egypt.

Mohamed A. Soltanac, Mohamed M. Abd-Eldaimb a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt b Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt c Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States

Abstract: peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious fatal disease of small ruminants characterized by high fever, ocular and nasal discharge, pneumonia, erosive stomatitis and severe enteritis that ultimately results in high mortalities. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is widely distributed and endemic in several African, middle eastern and south Asian countries and it poses a threat to European countries. Egyptian veterinary medical authorities stated that Egypt is free from PPRV and the only measures for disease control are test and slaughter of infected population to maintain the free status. The aim of our investigation was to detect PPRV in Ismailia province as an indicator of the infection status in Egypt and perform molecular characterization of the emerging virus to gain insight into the origin of circulating virus. A total of 40 representative clinical samples, from a single goat case and goat flock in 2010 and sheep flock in 2012, were tested for PPRV by RT-PCR. About 21 (52.5%) samples were positive. The phylogenetic analysis of the detected viruses revealed circulation of PPRV lineage IV. The circulating viruses are closely related to Sudanese and Saudia Arabian strains with nucleotide identity ranged from 99.2% to 99.6%, respectively. Also, it is closely related to Moroccan 2008 viruses with identities ranged from 97.6% to 98%. Epidemiological investigation at the national level is recommended for monitoring PPRV spread and implementing an appropriate control program.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Int J Clin Exp Med 2013 4:239-251

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor in the progression of bladder cancer and diabetic retinopathy

Yousef H Aldebasi1, Arshad H Rahmani2, Amjad A Khan2, Salah Mesalhy Aly2, 3

1Department of optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; 2Departmentof Medical laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; 3Department ofPathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicene, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Bladder cancer and diabetic retinopathy is a major public health and economical burden worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, the molecular mechanisms that induce or develop bladder carcinomas and diabetic retinopathy progression are poorly understood but it might be due to the disturbance in balance between angiogenic factors such as VEGF and antiangiogenic factors such as pigment epithelium derived growth factor. VEGF is one of the important survival factors for endothelial cells in the process of normal physiological and abnormal angiogenesis and induce the expression of antiapoptotic proteins in the endothelial cells. It is also the major initiator of angiogenesis in cancer and diabetic retinopathy, where it is up-regulated by oncogenic expression and different type of growth factors. The alteration in VEGF and VEGF receptors gene and overexpression, determines a diseases phenotype and ultimately the patient‟s clinical outcome. However, expressional and molecular studies were made on VEGF to understand the exact mechanism of action in the genesis and progression of bladder carcinoma and diabetic retinopathy , but still how VEGF mechanism involve in such type of disease progression are not well defined. Some other factors also play a significant role in the process of activation of VEGF pathways. Therefore, further detailed analysis via molecular and therapeutic is needed to know the exact mechanisms of VEGF in the angiogenesis pathway. The detection of these types of diseases at an early stage, predict how it will behave and act in response to treatment through regulation of VEGF pathways. The present review aimed to summarize the mechanism of alteration of VEGF gene pathways, which play a vital role in the development and progression of bladder cancer and diabetic retinopathy.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Journal of Proteome Research 2014 13:1636−1646

Deep Proteome Mapping of Mouse Kidney Based on OFFGel Prefractionation Reveals Remarkable Protein Post- Translational Modifications

Sameh Magdeldin,*, †,‡Keiko Yamamoto,† Yutaka Yoshida,† Bo Xu,† Ying Zhang,† Hidehiko Fujinaka,†Eishin Yaoita,† John R. Yates, III,§ and Tadashi Yamamoto†

†Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University,Niigata, Japan ‡Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt §Department of Chemical Physiology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States

Abstract:

Performing a comprehensive nonbiased proteome analysis is anextraordinary challenge due to sample complexity and wide dynamic range,especially in eukaryotic tissues. Thus, prefractionation steps conducted prior tomass spectrometric analysis are critically important to reduce complexbiological matrices and allow in-depth analysis. Here we demonstrated the useof OFFGel prefractionation to identify more low abundant and hydrophobicproteins than in a nonfractionated sample. Moreover, OFFGel prefractionationof a kidney protein sample was able to unveil protein functional relevance bydetecting PTMs, especially when prefractionation was augmented with atargeted enrichment strategy such as TiO2 phospho-enrichment. The OFFGel-TiO2 combination used in this study was comparable to other globalphosphoproteomics approaches (SCX- TiO2, ERLIC-TiO2, or HILIC-TiO2). The detailed mouse kidney proteome with the phosphopeptide enrichmentpresented here serves as a useful platform for a better understanding of howthe renal protein modification machinery works and, ultimately, will contribute to our understanding of pathological processes as well as normal physiological renal functions.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Life Science Journal 2014 1:227-231

Parasitological studies on the Isopoda (Cymothoidae) parasites infesting some marine fishes at Suez Canal area at Ismailia Province, Egypt with key to the cymothoid genera.

Eman, M. Youssef, Nahla, H. Salam, Eissa IAM and Mona S. Zaki

Department of parasitology, Fac. Vet. Med. Seuz Canal University, Egypt

Abstract:

A total of 150 different marine fish species represented as 50 fish from each Sardinella species, Morone labrax and Sciaena umbra were collectedfrom Seuz Canal area at Ismailia Province, Egypt. The infested marine fishes revealed no pathognomic signs or lesions. They were investigated for detection of the Isopoda parasites, it was revealed that 6 (4%) of the examined fishes were infected, the detected species were Anilocra meridionalis from sardinella species with incidence of 2 (4%); Renocila thresherorum from Morone labrax with incidence of 3 (6%) and Cymothoa exigua from Sciaena umbra with incidence of 1 (2%).The histopathological alterations were recorded and discussed.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Life Science Journal 2013 4:2833-2837

Selective Serum Oxidant, Antioxidant and Trace Elements Profile in Ossimi Sheep Affected with Pregnancy Toxemia

Osama A. Abdalla1, Mohamed E. El-Boshy2, 3, Sabry A. El-Khodary4, Engy F, Reisha2 and Hossam A. Gadalla2

1 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University. 2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University. 3 Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University. Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University.

Abstract:

Pregnancy toxemia is a metabolic disorder affecting mainly sheep usually during last period of gestation specially those bearing twines and reflected by nervous signs in affected animals. A totally (265) examined sheep, about (8) cases was tentatively diagnosed as pregnancy toxemia according to the previous case history, present clinical signs and serum biochemical analysis. Our serum chemistry parameters revealed a significant elevation in creatine kinase (CK) activity, β-Hydroxybuteric acid (βHBA), creatinine and urea levels with a significant reduction in glucose value in pregnancy toxemia comparing to control pregnant. Oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in serum from pregnancy toxemic sheep show a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level more than control pregnant ones. Also, a significant decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and vitamin C (Vit C) in pregnancy toxemia group compared to control pregnant group. The trace elements study revealed a significant increase in the level of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) while a marked decrease of zinc (Zn) value in pregnancy toxemia cases than control pregnant group. In conclusion, the oxidative stress markers and antioxidants with trace elements analysis could provide a great overview for their role in pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia in Ossimi sheep.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Pathology -Research and Practice 2014 1079–1089

Toxopathological and Cytogenetic effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on pregnant rats

Hamdy A. Fetaiha, Amina A. Dessouki a, Abeer A.I. Hassaninb,*, Ahmed S. Tahana aPathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. bDepartment of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract:

The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxopathological effects and macro-DNA damage of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in pregnant rats at a dose of 1mg/kg body wt., given from 6th to 15th day of gestation. The effects and damage are represented by histopathological changes and different types of chromosomal aberrations in dams, in addition to teratogenic changes in the feti. Pregnant dams revealed a significant decrease in their body weights and gross enlargement of the liver. Histologically, the liver showed necrotic areas and congested central vein. The kidneys revealed interstitial hemorrhages, renal casts, degeneration and necrosis. The lungs revealed lymphocytic infiltrates in the interstitial tissue, while the spleen revealed lymphoid depletion. Chromosomal analysis revealed both structural and numerical chromosomal aberration, including centromeric attenuations, chromatid gaps, chromatid breaks, end to end associations, fragments, ring chromosomes, deletions, dicentric chromosomes, chromosomal fusions, centric fusions, stickness and hypoployploidy. Centromeric attenuations and end to end associations were more frequent than other chromosomal aberrations. Concerning the teratogenic effects in the fetuses, the toxin induced multiple skeletal anomalies. These anomalies included incomplete ossification of skull bones and failure of ossification of long and flat bones.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

African Journal of Biotechnology 2014 18:1898-1909

cDNA Cloning, Characterization and Expression of Cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1A) from Javanese medaka, Oryzias javanicus, by Environmental Conditions.

Trieu Tuan 1, Yoshino Kaminishi 1, Aki Funahashi 1, El-Kady A.H. Mohamed 2, Abeer A.I. Hassanin 3, and Takao Itakura 1

1 Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan. 2 The National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt. 3 Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract:

Cytochrome p450 family 1 CYP1A subfamily genes are the most well studied CYP genes in vertebrate; however, information on CYP1A genes in Javanese medaka is relatively scarce. In the present study, full length cDNA of CYP1A was cloned from the fish liver exposed to 500 ppb β-naphthoflavone for 24 h., which is 2439 bp contained an open reading frame of 1593 bp encoding a protein of 530 amino acids, Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the quantitatively tissue expression of the gene by environmental stress conditions. The results indicate that the highest levels of the CYP1A gene transcript was in intestine and the lowest in liver of the fish that fed on fuel oil- contaminated feed. Javanese medaka CYP1A transcripts were detected in the gills, muscle, and intestine when transferred from seawater to freshwater with the highest level of expression in gills and muscle. CYP1A gene expression in the tissues tends to be down-regulated in Javanese medaka starved for one week.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Parasites & Vectors 2014 7:413

A pan-Theileria FRET-qPCR survey for Theileria spp. in ruminants from nine provinces of China

Yi Yang1, Yongjiang Mao2, Patrick Kelly3, Zhangpin Yang2, Lu Luan1, Jilei Zhang1, Jing Li1, Heba S El-Mahallawy1, 4 and Chengming Wang1*

1Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of ImportantAnimal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College ofVeterinary Medicine, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Abstract:

Background: Theileria spp. are tick transmitted protozoa that can infect large and small ruminants causing diseaseand economic losses. Diagnosis of infections is often challenging, as parasites can be difficult to detect and identifymicroscopically and serology is unreliable. While there are PCR assays which can identify certain Theileria spp., thereis no one PCR that has been designed to identify all recognized species that occur in ruminants and which willgreatly simplify the laboratory diagnoses of infections. Methods: Primers and probes for a genus-specific pan-Theileria FRET-qPCR were selected by comparing sequencesof recognized Theileria spp. in GenBank and the test validated using reference organisms. The assay was also testedon whole blood samples from large and small ruminants from nine provinces in China. Results: The pan-Theileria FRET-qPCR detected all recognized species but none of the closely related protozoa. Inwhole blood samples from animals in China, Theileria spp. DNA was detected in 53.2% of the sheep tested (59/111),44.4% of the goats (120/270) and 30.8% of the cattle (380/1,235). Water buffaloes (n = 29) were negative.Sequencing of some of the PCR products showed cattle in China were infected with T. orientalis/T. sergenti/T.buffeli group while T. ovis and T. luwenshuni were found in sheep and T. luwenshuni in goats. The prevalence ofTheileria DNA was significantly higher in Bos p. indicus than in Bos p. taurus (77.7% vs. 18.3%) and copy numberswere also significantly higher (104.88 vs. 103.00 Theileria 18S rRNA gene copies/per ml whole blood). Conclusions: The pan-Theileria FRET-qPCR can detect all recognized Theileria spp. of ruminants in a single reaction.Large and small ruminants in China are commonly infected with a variety of Theileria spp.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

International Endodontic Journal 2014 47:567–573

Atomic force microscopic evaluation of nanostructure alterations of rotary NiTi instruments after immersion in irrigating solutions

D. M. Fayyad1& A. H. Mahran2

1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia; and 2Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract:

Aim To compare the effect of 5.25% NaOCl or 17% EDTA solutions on the surface topography and roughness of GTX, TF, RaCe and Hero Shaper instruments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Methodology Four new files of each brand were subjected to AMF analysis; then each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 2) in which instruments were immersed in either 5.25% NaOCl or 17% EDTA solutions for 5 min, thereafter subjected to AFM analysis again. Ra and the RMS values were chosen to investigate the surface features of endodontic files. Results Before immersion in irrigating solution, TF and Hero Shaper instruments had the significantly highest roughness values and RaCe had the significantly lowest values (P ≤ 0.05). After immersion in NaOCl, GTX and RaCe instruments were not significantly different from the new instruments, nor between them. There was a significant increase in Ra and RMS values for TF and Hero Shaper instruments over that of untreated ones and that of GTX and RaCe instruments. No significant increase in surface roughness of the instruments was recorded withEDTA. Conclusion 17% EDTA did not significantly affect the surface roughness of the instruments, whilst 5.25% NaOCl increased the surface roughness of TF and Hero Shaper significantly more than that of RaCe and GTX instruments.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2013 3:736–743

One-month subchronic toxicity study of cell-penetrating peptides for insulin nasal delivery in rats.

El-Sayed Khafagya, b,Noriyasu Kameia, Ebbe Juel Bech Nielsena, c, Reiji Nishiod, Mariko Takeda-Morishitaa, , a Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt c Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark d New Frontiers Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Japan

Abstract:

Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) based vehicles have been developed for the delivery of different payloads in animals. Our studies have shown that nasal absorption of insulin and other therapeutic peptides and proteins can be improved significantly by co- administration of the CPP penetratin. Successful development of suitable CPP-based delivery systems, however, will depend not only on the efficiency of CPPs to transport therapeutic agents across the biological barriers of the nasal cavity, but also on the risk of adverse effects such as toxicity and undesired immunogenicity, especially in chronic therapy. In this study, we investigated the bioavailability (BA) of insulin and the adverse effects on the nasal mucosa in rats following a long-term dosing regimen of L-penetratin and the novel penetratin analogue “PenetraMax.” Following nasal delivery, a significantly higher BA for insulin (almost 100% relative to subcutaneous (S.C.) injections) was observed for PenetraMax in comparison with the parent penetratin peptide after chronic administrations in rats. Importantly, there was negligible biomarker leakage in nasal lavage fluid and the integrity of the nasal epithelium remained unaffected when PenetraMax was used in long-term multiple administrations. In addition, no significant difference in the release of inflammatory and immunogenicity mediators in plasma was observed after nasal administration of PenetraMax with or without insulin solution. In conclusion, PenetraMax, a novel CPP candidate, can open a new avenue in clinical trials for noninvasive nasal insulin delivery.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry 2014 22:550-558

Design, synthesis, and enzyme kinetics of novel benzimidazole and quinoxaline derivatives as methionine synthase inhibitors

Hosam Elshihawya, Mohamed A. Helalb, Mohamed Saida, Mohamed A. Hammadc, , a Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt c Eli & Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, BCC 505, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

Abstract:

Methionine synthase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5- methyltetrahydrofolate tohomocysteine, producing methionine and tetrahydrofolate. Benzimidazole and deazatetrahydrofolates derivatives have been shown to inhibit methionine synthase by competing with the substrate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. In this study, a novel series of substituted benzimidazoles and quinoxalines were designed and assessed for inhibitory activity against purified rat liver methionine synthase using a radiometric enzyme assay. Compounds 3g, 3j, and 5c showed the highest activity against methionine synthase(IC50: 20 lM, 18 lM, 9 lM, respectively). Kinetic analysis of these compounds using Lineweaver–Burk plots revealed characteristics of mixed inhibition for 3g and 5c; and uncompetitive inhibition for 3j. Docking study into a homology model of the rat methionine synthase gave insights into the molecular determinants of the activity of this class of compounds. The identification of these drug-like inhibitors could lead the design of the next generation modulators of methionine synthase.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2014 87:39-51

Novel styryl-indoles as small molecule inhibitors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D- 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1): Synthesis andbiological evaluation

Salvatore Ferla a, Mohamed S. Gomaa a, 1, Andrea Brancale a, Jinge Zhu b, Justin T. Ochalek b, Hector F. DeLuca b, Claire Simons a a Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK b Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA 1 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt.

Abstract:

The synthesis of a series of imidazole styrylindoles and sulfonyl styrylindoles derivatives is described. Evaluation of binding affinity and inhibitory activity against CYP24A1 identified the imidazole styrylindoles as potent inhibitors with activity greater or comparable with the standard ketoconazole. Flexible alignment and docking studies of the inhibitors in the CYP24A1 enzyme active site confirmed that complete occupation of the vitamin D access tunnel is essential to inhibitory activity, allowing exposure to multiple hydrophobic binding interactions and optimal conformation for the interaction of the imidazole nitrogen lone pair and the active site haem.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular andBiomolecular Spectroscopy 2014 130:222–229

Comparative artificial neural network and partial least squares models for analysis of Metronidazole, Diloxanide, Spiramycin and Cliquinol in pharmaceutical preparations

b b Mahmoud M. Elkhoudarya, Randa A. Abdel Salam , Ghada M. Hadad * a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Arish, North Sinai , Egypt b Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Metronidazole (MNZ) is a widely used anti-bacterial and amoebicide drug. Therefore, it is important to develop a rapid and specific analytical method for the determination of MNZ in mixture with spiramycin (SPY), diloxanide (DIX) and Cliquinol (CLQ) in pharmaceutical preparations. This work describes simple, sensitive and reliable six multivariate calibration methods, namely linear and nonlinear artificial neural networks preceded by genetic algorithm (GA-ANN) and principle component analysis (PCA-ANN) as well as partial least squares (PLS) either alone or preceded by genetic algorithm (GA-PLS) for UV spectrophotometric determination of MNZ, SPY, DIX and CLQ in pharmaceutical preparations with no interference of pharmaceutical additives. The results manifest the problem of non-linearity and how models like ANN can handle it. Analytical performance of these methods was statistically validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The developed methods indicate the ability of the previously mentioned multivariate calibration models to handle and solve UV spectra of the four components‟ mixtures using easy and widely used UV spectrophotometer.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014 1:58–70

Robustness testing in HPLC analysis of Clarithromycin, Norfloxacin, Doxycycline, Tinidazole and Omeprazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms using experimental design

b b Mahmoud M. Elkhoudarya, Randa A. Abdel Salam , Ghada M. Hadad *

a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Arish, North Sinai , Egypt b Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Robustness tests were performed on a gradient RP-HPLC method that had been developed for rapid simultaneous separation and determination of clarithromycin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, tinidazole and omeprazole in their pharmaceutical dosage forms. Separation was carried out on a 250 x 4.6 mm (i.d.), 5µm ODS column (Inertsil, Tokyo, Japan) and multiwavelength overlay chromatograms at λmax of 210 and 310 nm was used for quantitative analysis. The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 100 – 900, 5 – 150, 20 – 220, 10 - 150 and 0.5 - 110 µg ml-1 for clarithromycin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, tinidazole and omeprazole, respectively. Robustness tests were performed using two-level fractional factorial designs with resolution III were used, so only main effects can be estimated. Factors chosen for this study were the column temperature (˚C), pH, ion pairing agent concentration (g/l), phosphate buffer concentration (g/l), the fraction of mobile phase B (B% start) at 4 min of the gradient and fraction of mobile B (B% end) at 7 min of the gradient run. The significance of the factor effects was determined statistically, using algorithm of Dong in the calculation of critical effects, and graphically, by means of half-normal plots. Non-significant intervals for significant factors and system suitability limits were calculated based on robustness tests' results. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method was found to be accurate, reproducible, and consistent which is useful for the routine determination of clarithromycin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, tinidazole and omeprazole in combined mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Phytochemistry Letters 2014 9:51–58

New compounds from the Red Sea marine sponge Echinoclathria gibbosa

Gamal A. Mohameda, Ali E.E. Abd-Elrazeka, Hashim A. Hassaneanb, Diaa T.A. Youssefb, c, , , ,Rob van Soestd a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt c Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia d Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P.O.Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

Abstract:

Three new compounds; β-sitosterol-3-O-(3Z)-pentacosenoate (1), 5α-pregna-3β-acetoxy- 12β,16β-diol-20-one (2), and echinoclathriamide ((R)-2′-hydroxy-N-((2S,3S,4R)-1,3,4- trihydroxy-19-methylicosan-2-yl)heptadecanamide) (3), together with two known compounds; thymine (4) and uracil (5) were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of the Red Sea sponge Echinoclathria gibbosa. Their structures were unambiguously established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, in addition to mass spectrometry. The total MeOH extract (TME) and its fractions were evaluated for their antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, antipyretic, and hepato-protective activities. The in vitro growth inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines including the A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), U373 glioblastoma (GBM), and PC- 3 prostate cancer cell lines. Compound 1showed weak activity against the three cancer cell lines.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Water Research 2014 49:11–22

Identification of phototransformation products of Thalidomide and mixture toxicity assessment: an experimental and quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) approach

Waleed M. M. Mahmoud1, 2, Anju P. Toolaram1, Jakob Menz 1, Christoph Leder1, Mandy Schneider1, Klaus Kümmerer1 1-Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, DE-21335 Lüneburg, Germany. 2-Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

The fate of thalidomide (TD) was investigated after irradiation with a medium-pressure Hg-lamp. The primary elimination of TD was monitored and structures of phototransformation products (PTPs) were assessed by LC– UV–FL–MS/MS. Environmentally relevant properties of TD and its PTPs as well as hydrolysis products (HTPs) were predicted using in silico QSAR models. Mutagenicity of TD and its PTPs was investigated in the Ames microplate format (MPF) aqua assay (Xenometrix, AG). Furthermore, a modified luminescent bacteria test (kinetic luminescent bacteria test (kinetic LBT)), using the luminescent bacteria species Vibrio fischeri, was applied for the initial screening of environmental toxicity. Additionally, toxicity of phthalimide, one of the identified PTPs, was investigated separately in the kinetic LBT. The UV irradiation eliminated TD itself without complete mineralization and led to the formation of several PTPs. TD and its PTPs did not exhibit mutagenic response in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation. In contrast, QSAR analysis of PTPs and HTPs provided evidence for mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity using additional endpoints in silico software. QSAR analysis of different ecotoxicological endpoints, such as acute toxicity towards V. fischeri, provided positive alerts for several identified PTPs and HTPs. This was partially confirmed by the results of the kinetic LBT, in which a steady increase of acute and chronic toxicity during the UV-treatment procedure was observed for the photolytic mixtures at the highest tested concentration. Moreover, the number of PTPs within the reaction mixture that might be responsible for the toxification of TD during UV-treatment was successfully narrowed down by correlating the formation kinetics of PTPs with QSAR predictions and experimental toxicity data. Beyond that, further analysis of the commercially available PTP phthalimide indicated that transformation of TD into phthalimide was not the cause for the toxification of TD during UV-treatment. These results provide a path for toxicological assessment of complex chemical mixtures and in detail show the toxic potential of TD and its PTPs as well as its HTPs. This deserves further attention as UV irradiation might not always be a green technology, because it might pose a toxicological risk for the environment in general and specifically for water compartments.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Journal of Liquid Chromatography

& Related Technologies 2014 37:1–22

STABILITY-INDICATING CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENZONATATE, DIPHENHYDRAMINE, GUAIFENESIN, AND PHENYLEPHRINE

Safaa M. Kishk, 1 Ismail Salama, 1 Samia Mostafa, 1 and Mohamed El-Sadek, 2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Abstract:

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous 10analysis of benzonatate (BNZ), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH), guaifenesin (GFN),and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PEP). The separation was achieved using a Thermo C18reversed-phase column (250mm_4.6mm ID, particle size 5 l). Dual mode gradient elutionwas used for the separation and UV detection was carried out at 222 nm. The method was specificand stability indicating as chromatographic conditions provided adequate separation of degradation 15products. The method showed good linearity in the range of 5–400, 1–120, 3–300, and 2–100 lg=mL for BNZ, DPH, GFN, and PEP, respectively. All the square of the correlation coefficients are0.999. The degradation products were isolated and identified by NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopy. The proposed method proved to be accurate, precise, selective, and robust. The applicability of themethod was evaluated in commercial dosage form analysis as well as in stability studies.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Tetrahedron Letters 2014 55:3984–3988

Cytotoxic cembranoids from the Red Sea soft coral, Sarcophyton auritum

Nermeen A. Eltahawya, Amany K. Ibrahim a, Mohamed M. Radwanb, c, Mahmoud A. ElSohlyb,d, Hashim A. Hassaneana, Safwat A. Ahmed a, * aDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. bNational Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA. cDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. dDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.

Abstract:

Chemical investigation of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton auritum led to the isolation and structure elucidation of two new diterpene cembranoids; 2-epi-sarcophine (2) and (1R,2E,4S,6E,8R,11R,12R)-2,6-cembradiene-4,8,11,12-tetrol (4), as well as two known diterpene cembranoids, reported for the first time from this species, namely sarcophine (1) and (+)-7α,8β-dihydroxydeepoxysarcophine (3). Structure elucidation was achieved using spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS. The isolated cembranoids were found to display high cytotoxicity against HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line).

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Gene 2014 533:313–321

Genetic and phytochemical analysis of the in vitro regenerated Pilosocereus robinii by ISSR, SDS–PAGE and HPLC

Salah Khattab a, Fadia El Sherif a, Hoda A. El-Garhy b, Safwat Ahmedc, Amany Ibrahimc a Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt b Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Pilosocereus robinii is a rare specieswhich is experiencing sudden population collapse. Identifying and developing effective conservation and management strategies to halt the forestall extinction of this species is crucial. The present study was conducted to assess the best conditions for in vitro propagation of this plant in regard to its morphogenic, genetic as well as the chemical potentials. A successful in vitro propagation system of P. robinii has been developed. MS hormone-free medium induced the best root morphogenic potential. The plants were acclimatized in the greenhouse at 100% survival rate. Besides, the somaclonal variations between the in vitroraised plants were analyzed using PCR-ISSR markers and SDS–PAGE protein, where the regenerated explants onMSmediumsupplementedwith TDZwere the highest in inducing newspecificmarker bands.Sh6ISSR primer showed the highest polymorphismvalue, 81.8%with 33 total amplified fragments,while Sh3 ISSR primer showed the lowest value with polymorphic percentage of 14.3%. Furthermore, SDS–PAGE protein analysis showed no variation in protein pattern of the studied treatments. On the other side, HPLC analysis of the in vitro plantlets extracts has shown that 2iP based treatments were the highest in organic acids accumulation, while the phenolic constituents' accumulation was found to reach its peak in the BA based treatments.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

European Journal of Pharmacology 2014 729:1–9

Ameliorative effect of acetyl-L-carnitine and/or nifedipine against selenite- induced cataractogenesis in young albino rats

Lamiaa M. Farghalya, Waleed A. Ghobashyb, Youssef Shoukryc, Mona F. El-Azabd, , , a Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt b Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt c Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

Free radical toxicity and calcium ion overload have been identified as the major two players in the causation of cataract. The current study was carried out to investigate the anti-cataractogenic effect of single and combined treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine andnifedipine in sodium selenite- induced cataract. Rat pups were divided into 5 groups; 1st group received intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of saline and served as normal control, 2nd group received single subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite 30 nmol/g body weight on p10 (postpartum day 10), 3rd and 4th groups received either acetyl-L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or nifedipine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) on p9, respectively, before the administration of sodium selenite, and the treatment continued till p14. Last group received the combined treatments of acetyl-L-carnitine and nifedipine in the same regimen. All animals were examined using a slit lamp and retroillumination then sacrificed on p30. Lenses were removed and processed for biochemical analyses, histopathological and electron microscopic examination. Selenite-treated groups showed significantly (P≤0.05) lower values of redox system components (glutathioneand glutathione reductase activity) and anti- activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) along with increased lipid ׳oxidant enzymes peroxidation that was accompanied by 100% opacified crystalline lenses (mature cataract) with abnormal structure as detected by electron microscopy. It is concluded that acetyl-L-carnitine or nifedipine was able to partially protect against selenite-induced abnormalities. While, combined treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine and nifedipine was superior to individual treatments in slowing down the development of cataract by restoring the anti-oxidant defense and mitigating lipid peroxidation in the lens and hence represents an attractive anti-cataractogenic remedy.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

PLoS One. 2014 (1):e85891

Olmesartan potentiates the anti-angiogenic effect of sorafenib in mice bearing Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma: role of angiotensin (1-7).

Abd-Alhaseeb MM1, Zaitone SA2, Abou-El-Ela SH3, Moustafa YM2

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Arish, Egypt. 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Arish, Egypt.

Abstract:

Local renin-angiotensin systems exist in various malignant tumor tissues; this suggests that the main effector peptide, angiotensin II, could act as a key factor in tumor growth. The underlying mechanisms for the anti-angiogenic effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers need to be further evaluated. The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of olmesartan alone or in combination with sorafenib, an angiotensin (1–7) agonist or an angiotensin (1–7) antagonist in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. The tumor was induced by intradermal injection of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells into mice. Tumor discs were used to evaluate the microvessel density; the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); and their intratumoral receptors, VEGF receptor-2 and IGF-I receptor, respectively. All parameters were determined following the treatment course, which lasted for 21 days post-inoculation. Monotherapy with olmesartan and its combination with sorafenib resulted in a significant reduction in microvessel density and serum levels of VEGF and IGF-I, as well as their intratumoral receptors. In addition, the combination of olmesartan (30 mg/kg) with an angiotensin (1–7) agonist reduced the microvessel density, IGF-I serum levels and the levels of its intratumoral receptor. In conclusion, olmesartan reduced the levels of the angiogenesis markers IGF-I and VEGF and down-regulated the intratumoral expression of their receptors in a dose- dependent manner, and these effects were dependent on the angiotensin (1–7) receptor. These results suggest that olmesartan is a promising adjuvant to sorafenib in the treatment of cancer.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2014 (16):3753-6

Synthesis and binding profile of haloperidol-based bivalent ligands targeting dopamine D2-like receptors

Salama I1, Löber S2, Hübner H2, Gmeiner P3. 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt. 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany. 3Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany

Abstract:

Homodimers of dopamine D2-like receptors are suggested to be of particular importance in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, thus, serve as promising targets for the discovery of atypical antipsychotics. This study describes the development of a series of novel bivalent molecules with a pharmacophore derived from the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol. These dimers were investigated in comparison to their monomeric analogues for their D2long, D2short, D3, and D4 receptor binding and the ability to bridge two neighboring receptor protomers. Radioligand binding studies provided diagnostic insights when Hill slopes close to two for the bivalent ligand 13 incorporating 22 spacer atoms and a comparative analysis with monovalent control ligands indicated a bivalent binding mode with a simultaneous occupancy of two neighboring binding sites.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Microbiological Research 2014 (168):504-511

Two dimensional electrophoresis of the exo-proteome produced from community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus belonging to clonal complex 80

Shymaa Enanya, b, , , Yutaka Yoshidaa, Sameh Magdeldina, c, Xu Boa, Ying Zhanga,Mohamed Enanyd, Tadashi Yamamotoa a Department of Structural Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt d Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) combined with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the exo-proteome secreted by two strains (ER13 and ER21) representing community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) belonging to clonal complex 80 (CC80). Common spots were detected between the 2 gels using the Progenesis SameSpots software. Two hundred and fifty-one and 312 spots from the exo- proteome of ER13 and ER21 were resolved, respectively. 2DE overlap comparison showed that 59 spots were shared. LC–MS/MS analysis identified 57 proteins from these spots comprising about 21% extracellular, 48% cytoplasmic, 2% cytoplasmic membrane, 2% cell wall, and 26% with unknown localization. The identified proteins were classified with respect to their Gene Ontology (GO) annotation as ∼24% virulence determinants and toxins, ∼17% involved in carbohydrate metabolism, ∼14% involved in environmental stress, and ∼12% associated with cell division. The identification of the enterotoxin B from the exo-products of both strains used in our study, as belonging to CC80 was interesting.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

GRASAS Y ACEITES 2014 (3):e038

Effects of pH values on the properties of buffalo and cow butter-based low-fat spreads

A.M. Abdeldaiema, b,*, Q. Jina, R. Liua and X. Wanga,* a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu C hina b Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of pH values (5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 and 7) on the properties of buffalo and cow butter-based low-fat spreads. Sensory evaluation of the samples decreased with an increase in pH values and during the storage periods. In addition, phase separation occurred with pH 6, 6.5 and 7. The differences in peroxide values and oil stability index among the samples compared to the control samples were slight, while peroxide values and oil stability index decreased during the storage periods. Changes in fatty acid composition among the pH treatments and during the storage periods were detected. Differences in solid fat contents among pH treatments separately and during the storage periods were negligible. A decline in the hardness and viscosity of the samples were accompanied by an increase in pH values, and the treatments had increased effects during the storage periods. Generally, an increase of pH values did not affect the melting profiles of the spreads. Additionally, changes between the melting profiles of buffalo and cow butter-based low-fat spreads were detected.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Food and Bioprocess Technology 2013 (3): 771-782

Size and Moisture Distribution Characteristics of Walnuts and their Components

Ragab Khir& Zhongli Pan & Griffiths G. Atungulu & James F. Thompson & Dongyan Shao

R. Khir : Z. Pan : G. G. Atungulu : J. F. Thompson : D. Shao Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Z. Pan (*) Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710, USA e-mail: [email protected] R. Khir Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to determine the size characteristics andmoisture content (MC) distributions of individual walnuts and their components, including hulls, shells and kernels under different harvest conditions. Measurements were carried out for three walnut varieties, Tulare, Howard and Chandler cultivated in California, USA. The samples for each variety were collected from the harvester at the first and second harvest of nuts treated with and without Ethephon. The nuts were sorted into two categories as with hulls and without hulls before conducting dimension andMC measurements. The results showed that there was a wide range of size distribution for nuts with and without hulls and a huge variability in moisture content among individual nuts at harvest. The average MC of nuts with hulls was much higher than that of nuts without hulls for all tested varieties. The nuts with hulls had an average moisture content of 32.99 % compared to 13.86% for nuts without hulls. Also, the shell moisture content was much higher than kernel moisture content. On average, the differences in moisture content between shell and kernel was 11.56% for nuts with hulls and 6.45% for nuts without hulls. There was no significant deference in hull MC between the first and second harvest for the studied varieties. Based on the regression analysis, it was observed that strong relationships exist between the MC of shells and kernels. The obtained results provide informationfor designing and developingnew handling and processing equipments, especially for increased drying capacity, reduced energy use and obtaining high quality walnut products.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 2013 (1): 133-138

Pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Wieser) against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

El-Kady, G.A.; A.F. El-Bahrawy; H.M. El-Sharabasy; Y.S. El-Badry; EL-Ashry R.M.A.* and M.F. Mahmoud

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt. *Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt

Abstract:

Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema carpocapsae (Wieser) All strain was tested against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) under laboratory conditions. Exposure to 25, 50, 100, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 infective juveniles (IJs) per 5 adults in filter paper and nematode bait assay resulted in mortalitiesof 20, 33.3, 53.3, 73.3, 73.3, 80, and 93.3% for filter paper assay and 1.3, 26.6,

46.6, 66.6, 80, 80 and 86.6% for bait assay, respectively. LD50 values showed that the filter paper assay was more virulent than the nematode bait assay. It was 85.64 IJs for filter paper assay and 106.94 for nematode bait assay. Moreover, results showed that the highest mortality rate of adult B. germanica was within the first four hours of the 1st day of exposure to S. carpocapsae. Production of nematodes was concentration independent of IJs from 25 to 1000 per cockroach individual. Highest average yield of nematodes per cockroach cadaver was 23.000 IJs, occurred at the exposure to the concentration of 1000 IJs per cockroach. These results indicate a high degree of infectivity and pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae and its symbiotic Xenorhabdus bacterium to B. germanica adults under laboratory conditions.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 2013 (2): 387-391

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes to certain insect pests infesting oilseed rape in the laboratory and greenhouse

Mahmoud M.F.

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), the silver y moth, Phytometra gamma L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) are serious insect pests of cruciferous crops particularly oilseed rape in Egypt. Three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) (Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) were evaluated against last instar larvae of the previous insects in laboratory and greenhouse. In the laboratory, the larvae were treated with Infective Juveniles (IJs) at the concentrations of0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 IJs/larva. Mortality was recorded 72 hours after infection. Data clearly indicated that S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae were more virulent against the four lepidopteran insects, than H. bacteriophora at all concentrations. At the density of 600 IJs/ larva, S. carpocapse and S. feltiae caused 100% mortality to A. ipsilon, S. exigua and P. xylostella. LC50 values of (EPN) were significantly different depending on nematode and insect species. Lowest LC50 was obtained by S. carpocapsae with 25.25 IJs/ A. ipsilon larva, 62.98.IJs/ S. exigua larva and 67.90 IJs/ P. xylostella larva, while the highest LC50 was obtained by H. Bacteriophora. Results proved that S. carpocapsae was highly efficient under greenhouse condition when applied in aqueous suspension 6000 IJs/ 25 ml directed to larvae on oilseed rape leaves. It caused 74, 72 and 68% mortality to A. ipsilon, P. xylostella and S. exigua, respectively.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Plant Growth Regulation 2014 74:299–310

Compost alleviates the negative effects of salinity via upregulation of antioxidants in Solanum lycopersicum L.

Kamel A. H. Tartoura • Sahar A. Youssef • El-Sayed A. A. Tartoura

K. A. H. Tartoura (&) S. A. Youssef Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] S. A. Youssef e-mail: [email protected] E.-S. A. A. Tartoura Vegetables and Floriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of compost in alleviating the negative impacts of salinity on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Hybrid Guardian F1) plants. An experiment was performed to evaluate the response of plants to compost addition to soil at a rate of 55 g kg-1 soil and NaCl salinity at 0, 50,100 mM. The results obtained showed a significant decrease in growth- related parameters, i.e. shoot- and root fresh weight (FW), fruit FW, and fruit yield. Meanwhile, salinity resulted in a significant increase of Na?, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves, but a decrease of N, P, S, K?, Ca2? and Mg2? Level, as well as K? /Na? ratio in a dose dependent manner. Under these conditions compost nullified the above negative impacts of salinity caused by 50 mM NaCl and to some extent at 100 mM NaCl. The salinity mediated enhancement in biomarkers of oxidative stress was considerably decreased by compost application which increased the level of ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and the ratios of ASC/dehydroascorbate (DHA) and GSH/glutathione disulfide, as well as the activities of ASC peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, DHA reductase and GSH reductase in NaCl-treated plants, implying a better reactive oxygen species scavenging system. Data also indicated that compost application resulted in higher activities of leaf carbonic anhydrase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, nitrate reductase and adenosine triphosphatesulfurylase. These findings collectively suggest that compost plays a pivotal role in inducing salinity tolerance via enhancing an efficient antioxidant system and key C, N and S assimilatory enzymes.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Scientia Horticulturae 2014 168:145–150

Evaluation of different grafting methods and rootstocks in watermelon grown in Egypt

F.H. Mohamed, K.E. Abd El-Hamed, M.W.M. Elwan, M.N.E. Hussien

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

Grafting is an alternative approach to reduce crop damage resulting from soil-borne pathogens and increase plant abiotic stress tolerance, which in turn increases crop production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three grafting methods [Tongue approach (TAG), Hole insertion (HIG) and Side grafting (SIG)] on plant growth and fruit yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) „Aswan F1‟ that was grafted onto three rootstocks („Nun 6001 F1‟, „Strongtosa F1‟ and „Tetsukabuto F1‟) which are hybrids between Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata. TAG had significant higher main stem length, number of lateral stems, number of male flowers per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit weight comparing to other grafting methods (SIG and HIG). However, number of leaves, number of female flowers per plant and sex ratio were not significantly different in all grafting types. Vegetative growth and fruit yield showed highest values when the „Nun 6001 F1‟ rootstock and TAG were used. The lowest number of male flowers and sex ratio were found when the „Nun 6001 F1‟ rootstock and HIG method were used. However, the lowest number of female flowers was found in non-grafted plants. Among the 3 grafting methods tested, TAG seems to be the best grafting technique for watermelon. However an interaction between the grafting method and the used rootstock also seems to exist.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Drying Technology 2014

32: 311–320

Coupling CFD and Diffusion Models for Analyzing the Convective Drying Behavior of a Single Rice Kernel

Ramadan ElGamal, 1_2 Frederik Ronsse, 1 Sherif M. Radwan,2 and Jan G. Pieters1

1Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 2Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

The drying behavior of a single rice kernel subjected toconvective drying was analyzed numerically by solving heat andmoisture transfer equations using a coupled computational fluiddynamics (CFD) and diffusion model. The transfer coefficientswere computed simultaneously with the external flow field and theinternal diffusive field of the grain. The model was validated usingresults of a thin-layer drying experiments from the literature.The effects of velocity and temperature of the drying air on therice kernel were analyzed. It was found that the air temperaturewas the major variable that affected the drying rate of the ricekernel. The initial drying rates (in first 20 min) were 7, 12, and19% per hour at inlet air temperatures of 30, 45, and 60_C,respectively. Important temperature gradients within the grainexisted only in the first few minutes of the drying process. Themoisture content gradients reached a maximum value of 11.7%(db) mm−1 at approximately 45min along the short axis in thethickness direction. The variation in the inlet air velocity showeda minor effect on the drying rate of the rice kernel. The heat andmass transfer coefficients varied from 16.57 to 203.46W·m−2·K−1and from 0.0160 to 0.1959m·s−1, respectively. The importanceof the computation of the transfer coefficients with the heat andmass transfer model is demonstrated.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Appl Entomol Zool 2014 49:315–324

Life history traits of Blaptostethus pallescens (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a candidate for use in augmentative biological control in Egypt

Islam S. Sobhy • Amany M. Abdul-Hamid •Awad A. Sarhan • Ahmed A. Shoukry •Nasser S. Mandour • Stuart R. Reitz

I. S. Sobhy (&) _ A. M. Abdul-Hamid _A. A. Sarhan _ A. A. Shoukry _ N. S. MandourDepartment of Plant Protection, Public Service Center forBiological Control (PSCBC), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez CanalUniversity, Ismailia 41522, Egypte-mail: [email protected] I. S. SobhyPlant-Insect Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science andResources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan S. R. ReitzDepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, Oregon State University,710 SW 5th Ave, Ontario, OR 97914, USA

Abstract:

Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an abundant native predator in mango orchards and other cropping systems in Egypt. To determine suitable mass-rearing conditions for this little-studied species, we assessed some of its biological characteristics. Testing its thermal response at three constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 _C), showed that immature development time and adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature. Reproductive success of individual females was greatest when reared at 25 _C (84.3 ± 3.1 eggs) rather than at 20 _C (46.6 ± 2.0 eggs) or 30 _C (65.2 ± 2.5 eggs). Although B. pallescens reared at 25 _C had a significantly higher net reproductive rate (R0), which may be attributed to their relatively rapid development and high fecundity, we argue that 30 _C seems to be more convenient for rearing B. pallescens, as mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) are clearly shorter, thus more individuals could be reared per unit of time at 30 _C. Mating significantly reduced male and female longevity, as unmated adults lived 25–45 % longer than mated individuals did. Unmated females did not lay eggs, suggesting that mating is a prerequisite for egg maturation. Adult males and females performed best, in terms of longevity, when fed Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs instead of non-prey diets. However, diets of plant sap or pollen could sustain adults in times of limited egg availability. Because its biology is similar to that of other subtropical anthocorids already reared for augmentative releases, B. pallescens may be amenable to mass-rearing using already established techniques. Therefore, B. pallescens could be used to improve augmentative biological control in crops such as mango or maize in Egypt where it already naturally occurs, and therefore would not engender concerns over non-target effects that an exotic, generalist biological control agent would.

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Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2014 20: 1659–1669

Residues of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Fish Species of Lake Temsah, Ismailia, Egypt: An Analytical Search for Hydrocarbon Sources and Exposure Bioindicators

Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed,1 Naglaa Loutfy,1 Maha Shoieb,1 and Yahia Y. Mosleh2 1 Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; 2 Suez University, Suez, Egypt

Abstract:

Residues of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in some fish species collected from Temsah Lake, near Ismailia, Egypt. Fish were selected to represent different feeding habits and ecological niches in the lake‟s ecosystem. Fish samples were extracted using organic solvents, and residues of aliphatic and PAHs were separated using column chromatography and detected using gas liquid chromatography. Fish species were Clupea sirm, Mugil sehli, Mugil capito, Morone labrax, and Sciasna sp. Clupea sirm, a surface feeder fish had the highest concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 320 ± 54 ng g−1 , while Morone labrax, a predatory fish that live in the water column, had the highest concentration of PAHs, 315.87 ± 46 ng g−1 . Even-number aliphatic hydrocarbons were more frequently detected in all fish species in comparison to odd-number aliphatic hydrocarbons, suggesting a petrogenic origin of these compounds. Meanwhile, the pattern of PAHs detected in the present study suggested that they originate from atmospheric deposition rather than land-based runoff. Morone labrax fish and Clupea sirm fish were the most suitable candidate bioindicators of exposure to aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs through fish consumption of the five fish species examined in this study.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014 4: 345–349

Nesting Behavior, Seasonality, and Host Plants of Anthophora waltoni Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Anthophorini) in Yunnan, China

MOHAMED SHEBL, 1, 2 LI QIANG, 1 AND VICTOR H. GONZALEZ3

1College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China. 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt ([email protected]) 3 Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Biological Sciences, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096-3098, USA ([email protected])

Abstract:

We provide information on the nesting behavior, natural enemies, seasonality, and host plants of Anthophora (Dasymegilla) waltoni Cockerell at mid-elevations in southern China (Yunnan Province). Bees nested singly inside loose mortar joints of building walls. Nests were shallow and consisted of an unlined, unbranched tunnel ending in a single cell. Surveys conducted every two or three days from February to April, 2013, showed that the studied population is univoltine, protandrous, and active in early spring. Females were more commonly observed than males, and no bees were observed flying by the end of April. Both sexes of A. waltoni were often collected on flowers of Vicia cracca Linnaeus (Fabaceae).

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2014 1639: 20120283

The prospect of applying chemical elicitors and plant strengtheners to enhance the biological control of crop pests

Sobhy IS1, Erb M, Lou Y, Turlings TC.

1 Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CP158, Neuchâtel 2009, SwitzerlandDepartment of Plant Protection, Public Service Center of Biological Control (PSCBC), Faculty of Agriculture,Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptBiological

Abstract:

An imminent food crisis reinforces the need for novel strategies to increase crop yields worldwide. Effective control of pest insects should be part of such strategies, preferentially with reduced negative impact on the environment and optimal protection and utilization of existing biodiversity. Enhancing the presence and efficacy of native biological control agents could be one such strategy. Plant strengthener is a generic term for several commercially available compounds or mixtures of compounds that can be applied to cultivated plants in order to „boost their vigour, resilience and performance‟. Studies into the consequences of boosting plant resistance against pests and diseases on plant volatiles have found a surprising and dramatic increase in the plants‟ attractiveness to parasitic wasps. Here, we summarize the results from these studies and present new results from assays that illustrate the great potential of two commercially available resistance elicitors. We argue that plant strengtheners may currently be the best option to enhance the attractiveness of cultivated plants to biological control agents. Other options, such as the genetic manipulation of the release of specific volatiles may offer future solutions, but in most systems, we still miss fundamental knowledge on which key attractants should be targeted for this approach.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 2013 37: 657-664

Grain yield production of Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) asinfluencedby cutting numbers, potassium rates, and intrarow spacing in a semiarid environment

Ahmed AWAD1, Salah HAFIZ1, Mohammed Sabry HAMMADA1, Azza El-NOUBY1, Salah EL- HENDAWY 1,2 1Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 2Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

The seed scarcity of Sudan grass plagues the pasture industry in the livestock sector, especially in arid and semiarid regions.The current study was initiated to tackle this challenge. The study evaluates the response of the grain yield and yield componentsof Sudan grass to cutting numbers, potassium rates, and intrarow spacing over 2 years. A field experiment was conducted using arandomized complete block split-split design with 2 cutting numbers (no cutting and cut 1 time), 2 potassium rates (60 and 120 kgK2O ha–1), and 3 intrarow spacings (15, 20, and 25 cm between hills) as the main plot, split plot, and split-split plot, respectively. Theresults showed that the zero-cut treatment produced, as averaged over the 2 seasons, 52.3% and 74.5% higher grain yield and hay yieldper hectare than the one-cut treatment, respectively. However, the latter treatment had harvest index and sum of hay and green forageyield values that were 17.0% and 19.9% higher than those of the zero-cut treatment, respectively. The application of potassium at a rateof 120 kg ha–1 resulted in the maximum grain yield and yield components as compared to the lower potassium rate (60 kg ha– 1), withthe exception of 1000-grain weight, hay yield, and sum of hay and green forage yield, which were not significantly different from eachother. Averaged over 2 seasons, as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight perpanicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0%and 23.5%, respectively. The interaction among 3 factors had a significant effect on yield and yield components; the highest values forgrain and hay yields per hectare were obtained by growing Sudan grass at 15 or 20 cmintrarow spacing under the zero-cut treatmentwith the application of potassium at rate of 120 kg ha–1. At 15 or 20 cm intrarow spacing, the values for grain yield per hectare under theone-cut treatment and high potassium rate were occasionally comparable to those for the zero-cut treatment and low potassium rate.Finally, when seed production is desired, Sudan grass should not be cut. If growers are interested in producing green forage and grainsimultaneously, Sudan grass can be cut 1 time; however, it should be grown at 15 cm intrarowspacing with application of potassium ata rate of 120 kg ha–1.

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Applied Mathematics Letters

2014 29: 30–35

Achieving synchronization between the fractional-order hyperchaotic Novel and Chen systems via a new nonlinear control technique

A.E. Matouka,∗ , A.A. Elsadany b a Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Hail University, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia b Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Ismailia, 41522, Suez Canal University, Egypt

Abstract:

In this work, we discuss the stability conditions for a nonlinear fractional-order hyperchaotic system. The fractional-order hyperchaotic Novel and Chen systems are introduced. The existence and uniqueness of solutions for two classes of fractional-order hyperchaotic Novel and Chen systems are investigated. On the basis of the stability conditions for nonlinear fractional-order hyperchaotic systems, we study synchronization between the proposed systems by using a new nonlinear control technique. The states of the fractionalorder hyperchaotic Novel system are used to control the states of the fractional-order hyperchaotic Chen system. Numerical simulations are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Journal of Computer and SystemSciences 2014 80: 1504–1517

Proactive workload management in dynamic virtualized environments

AhmedSallama, b, KenliLia, ∗ , AijiaOuyanga, ZhiyongLia a The College ofInformation Science and Engineering ,HunanUniversity &The National Super computing Center in Changsha ,Hunan , 410082,PRChina bThe Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University,Ismailia ,41522,Egypt

Abstract:

Recently,withtheimprovementofCloudsystemstechnologiesandtheessentialadvantagesth eycanprovidesuchasavailability,scalability,andcostssaving;massivedomainsintheITindust ryaredirectingtheirbusinesstotheCloud.Tofitthecomputingdemandsofthistrendalongwithn owadaysflukyapplications(e.g.socialnetworks,mediacontents),Cloudsystemsrequirerapidr esourcechanges.Asaresult,theworkloadmanagementinavirtualizedenvironmentbecomesa complextask.Inthispaperweproposeanewproactiveworkloadmanagementmodelforvirtualiz edresourcestoinspecttheworkloadbehavioroftherunningVirtualMachines,andtoassentana ppropriateschedulingandresourceconsolidationschemainordertoimprovethesystemefficie ncy,utilization,andthroughput.WehavecarriedoutourmodelbymodifyingXenCloudPlatform, thenwetestedthemodelperformancethroughdifferentrepresentativebenchmarks.Theresult sshowthattheProactivemodelcandecreasetheaverageresponsetimeremarkably.

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Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2014 137: 71-78

Environmental hazards and distribution of radioactive black sand along the Rosetta coastal zone in Egypt using airborne spectrometric and remote sensing data

M.F. Kaiser a, *, A.M. Aziz b, B.M. Ghieth c a Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt b Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt c Geological Follow Up Development, Exploration Division, Nuclear Material Authority, Egypt

Abstract:

High-resolution airborne gamma ray spectrometry, conducted in 2003, was used to estimate radioactive elements spatial abundance along the Rosetta coastal zone area. It was noticed that both Uranium and Thorium are concentrated in the black sand deposits along the beach. In contrary, Potassium was observed in high level abundance at the cultivated Nile Delta lands due to the accumulated usage of fertilizers. Exposure Rate (ER), Absorbed Dose Rate (ADR) and Annual Effective Dose Rate (AEDR) were calculated to evaluate the radiation background influence in human. Results indicated that the human body in the study sites is subjected to radiation hazards exceeds the accepted limit for long duration exposure. In addition, the areas covered by the highest concentration of Uranium and Thorium show the highest level of radiogenic heat production. Detection the environmental hazards of the radioactive black sands in the study site encouraged this research to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of these sediments. The Landsat Thematic Mapper images acquired in 1990, 2003 and 2013 were analyzed using remote sensing image processing techniques. Image enhancements, classification and changes detection indicated a positive significant relationship between the patterns of coastline changes and distribution of the radioactive black sand in the study sites. The radioactive black sands are usually concentrated in the eroded areas. Therefore, in 1990 high concentration of the radioactive black sands were observed along the eastern and western flanks of the Rosetta promontory. Distribution of these sediments decreased due to the construction of the protective seawalls.Most of the radioactive black sands are transported toward the east in Abu Khashaba bay under the effect of the longshore currents and toward the west in Alexandria and Abu Quir bay under the action of the seasonal reverse currents.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Natural Product Research 2014 18: 1476–1479

Thermostable alkaline halophilic-protease production by Natronolimnobius innermongolicus WN18

Samy Selim1, 2*, Nashwa Hagagy2,3, Mohamed Abdel Aziz2, El Syaed El-Meleigy2, Enrica Pessione3

1 Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia, 2 Microbiology section, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt, 3 Life Science and Systems Biology department, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.

Abstract:

This study reports the production and biochemical characterisation of a thermostable alkaline halophilic protease from Natronolimnobius innermongolicus WN18 (HQ658997), isolated from soda Lake of Wadi An-Natrun, Egypt. The enzyme was concentrated by spinning through a centriplus, centrifugal ultrafiltration Millipore membrane with a total yield of 25%. The relative molecular mass of this protease determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ranged from 67 to 43 kDa. The extracellular protease of N. innermongolicus WN18 was dependent on high salt concentrations for activity and stability, and it had an optimum temperature of 60°C in the presence of 2.5 M NaCl. This enzyme was stable in a broad pH range (6-12) with an optimum pH of 9-10 for azocasein hydrolysis. This extracellular protease, therefore, could be defined as thermostable and haloalkaliphilic with distinct properties that make the enzyme applicable for different industrial purposes.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2014 590: 309-312

The optical and mechanical properties of PVA-Ag nanocomposite films

A.G. El-Shamy, W. Attia, K.M. Abd El-Kader,

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) loaded silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by chemical reduction methods. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using UV- visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and, Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The contents of the inorganic phase in the nanocomposites were determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) for silver, and were found to be 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.5 wt. %. Optical absorption studies in the wavelength range 190–900 nm showed additional peak at 420 nm for differently doped films, in addition to the peak at 200 nm for undoped PVA film. There is observable change in the absorbed intensity at 420 nm with filling levels. This is due to the link between the Ag metal ion and the polymer OH- groups. The indirect energy gaps were calculated. It was found that the optical gaps, Young's modulus and the strength at the break increase, while the strain decreases as the concentration of Ag content is increased. The XRD results showed that the Ag nanoparticles entering the polymer PVA matrix and the crystallinity was strongly influenced by the amount of Ag nanoparticles. SEM image for the highest concentration sample shows the crystalline nature of the silver metal nanoparticles. TEM of the nanocomposite films revealed the presence of Ag particles with average diameter of 12 nm.

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BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 14:179

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the ssential oil and methanol extract of the Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.)

Samy A Selim1,2*, Mohammed E Adam1,3, Sherif M Hassan1,4 and Abdulrhman R Albalawi1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, P.O. 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia 2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Background: Cupressus sempervirens is a medicinal plant traditional; its dried leaves are used in treatment of stomach pain, diabetes, inflammation, toothache, laryngitis and as contraceptive. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm and determination chemical contents of the essential oil (EO) and methanol extract from Mediterranean C. sempervirens L. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled EO of C. sempervirens was analyzed by a GC and GC/MS system. Results: A total of 20 constituents representing 98.1% of the oil were identified: α-pinene (48.6%), δ- 3-carene (22.1%), limonene (4.6%) and α-terpinolene (4.5%) were the main components comprising 79.8% of the oil. The antimicrobial test results showed that the methanol extract of C. sempervirens strongly inhibited the growth of the test bacteria studied, except for yeast species while the EO had moderate antibacterial, but no anti-candida activity. Klebsiella pneumoniae was proven to be the most susceptible against methanol extract. The exposure time of Eo and methanol extract for complete inhibition of cell viability of K. pneumoniae was found to be 250 μg at 30 min and 500 μg at 120 min, respectively. The antibiofilm potential of the samples was evaluated using methods of PVC microtiter and eradication on biomaterial. Visual results showed visible biofilm eradication from the surface of intravenous infusion tube at 500 μg of EO and methanol extract. Conclusions:The results presented here may suggest that the Eo and extracts of C. sempervirens possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, and therefore, can be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceuticals.

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Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 2014 67: 65–76

Effect of vitamin E and selenium separately and in combination onbiochemical, immunological and histological changes induced bysodium azide in male mice

Nahla S. El-Shenawya, Mohammad S. AL-Harbib, Reham Z. Hamzac

a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt b Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 888, Saudi Arabia c Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

Abstract:

Sodium azide (SA) is used as an active ingredient to control a broad spectrum of soil borne pathogensincluding insects, weeds, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluatethe ameliorator property of vitamin E (Vit E) or/and selenium (Se) against SA-induced injury in malemice at the biochemical, immunological and histological levels. The mice were divided into nine groups (10/group). The first three groups were served as control, Vit E and Se while, the second three groupswere treated with three different doses of SA. The last three groups were treated with high dose of SAwith Vit E or Se or Vit E and Se and all animals were treated for a period of 30 days. Exposure to SA atthe three doses to mice led to an alternation of liver and kidney functions, decrease the testosteroneconcentration, decreased IgG and IgM levels as well as the increasing the TNF- _. The effects of SA on thebiochemical parameters of mice were dose-dependent. Administration of Se or/and Vit E to SA-treatedmice attenuates the toxicity of this compound, objectified by biochemical and histological improvementof liver, kidney and testis. But, the alleviation is more pronounced with the both antioxidants. Thus, thesynergistic effect of Se and Vit E is most powerful in reducing the toxicity induced by SA and improvingthe humoral immune response of mice.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Monatsh Chem 2014 145:803–810

Synthesis of 3-substituted N-allylisoindolinone derivatives by the acetate method

Ibrahim A. I. Ali

I. A. I. Ali (&) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

A series of N-allylisoindolinone derivatives were prepared by a novel sequential reaction of 2-allyl-3- oxoisoindolin-1-yl acetate with C-nucleophiles in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. The nucleophiles included arenes, alkenes, and active methylene to give 3-substituted N-allylisoindolinone products. This method was applied to synthesize cyclohexane-fused indolizidine alkaloid mimics using Grubbs‟ catalyst

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Petroleum Science and Technology 2014 32:2708–2714

Surface Parameters, Biodegradability, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Trisodium N-acyl ED3A Surfactants

M. M. A. EL-Sukkary, 1 D. A. Ismail,1 S. M. El Rayes,2 and M. A. Saad2

1Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt 2Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

A new kind of surfactant with chelating properties named N-acyl ethylenediamine triacetate (N-acyl ED3A) of different hydrocarbon chain lengths was synthesized from anhydrous ethylene diamine, fatty acid chlorides (capryloyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, or oleoyl chloride) and chloroacetic acid. Surface parameters and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The prepared surfactants were tested for their biodegradability and their antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria, Yeast and fungi was investigated. Keywords: antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, N-acyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid, surface parameters, thermodynamic parameters

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Arab J Geosci 2014 7:3023–3049

Geospatial technology and structural analysis for geological mapping and tectonic evolution of Feiran–Solaf etamorphic complex, South Sinai, Egypt

Mohamed O. Arnous & Yasser M. Sultan

M. O. Arnous (*) Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt Y. M. Sultan Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

Abstract:

The Sinai Peninsula constitutes an important district of the Egyptian lands where it forms a triangular portion in northeastern Egypt. The southern Sinai metamorphic complexes are the northern uppermost part of the Arabian– Nubian Shield revealing the upper and middle crust from the East African Orogeny, in which they tectonically evolved. The Feiran–Solaf metamorphic complex (FSMC) of Sinai, Egypt is one of the highest grades metamorphic complexes of a series of basement domes that trends NWand crops out throughout the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The main aim of the present study is to apply the geospatial technology and to represent the capability of the geospatial technology to estimate the combined influence of lithology and structure studies, and to construct the lithological and structural maps of FSMC. Furthermore, detailed structural analysis is carried out to reveal the different ductile and brittle deformational events and proposed the tectonic evolutionary model for the study area. Mainly geospatial technology and structural analysis software have been used to go well with the aim of the present study. Developing specific image processing of satellite images and structural analysis were succeeded to discriminate the various lithological rock units, and the geological structural features of the FSMC, using geographic information system tools to construct the different thematic maps, were extracted. The present detailed investigations of the enhanced satellite images, structural analysis, and field verification reveal that the FSMC reached its present tectonic setting through more than four deformational phases concluding that the Pan- African Najd Fault System continued in Sinai and was reactivated during Red Sea tectonics as indicated by the dextral shear zone (Rihba) bordering the northern side of the FSMC.

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Toxicon 2014 88:115–137

Antimicrobial peptides from scorpion venoms

Patrick L. Harrisona, Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman a, b, Keith Miller a, Peter N. Strong a,* a Biomedical Research Centre, Biosciences Division, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK b Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

The need for new antimicrobial agents is becoming one of the most urgent requirements in modern medicine. The venoms of many different species are rich sources of biologically active components and various therapeutic agents have been characterized including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Due to their potent activity, low resistance rates and unique mode of action, AMPs have recently received much attention. This review focuses on AMPs from the venoms of scorpions and examines all classes of AMPs found to date. It gives details of their biological activities with reference to peptide structure. The review examines the mechanism of action of AMPs and with this information, suggests possible mechanisms of action of less well characterised peptides. Finally, the review examines current and future trends of scorpion AMP research, by discussing recent successes obtained through proteomic and transcriptomic approaches.

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Solar Energy 2013 92:1-6

Electrical and photoresponse properties of Al/p-CuFeO2/p-Si/Al MTCOS photodiode

R.K. Gupta a,⇑ , M. Cavas b, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi c, Z.H. Gafer d, F. El-Tantawy e,F. Yakuphanoglu c,f,⇑ a Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA b Maden Higher Vocational School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey c Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia e Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt f Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23169, Turkey

Abstract:

A p-type transparent semiconductor, CuFeO2 was synthesized by sol gel method to fabricate metal/transparent conducting oxide– semiconductor (MTCOS) Schottky photodiode. The optical and electrical properties of the CuFeO2 film and Al/p-CuFeO2/p- Si/Al diode were studied. The optical band gap of the CuFeO2 film was calculated using optical data and was found to be 2.82 eV. The diode exhibits a photoconducting behavior with a high photosensitivity value of 1.31 _ 103 under 100 mW/cm2. the ideality factor and .eV, respectively 0.01 {پ and 0.55 0.2 {پ barrier height of the diode were obtained to be 1.67 The interface states have been used to explain the results obtained in this study. It is evaluated that MTCOS photodiode can be used for optoelectronics applications.

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Materials Letters

2013 93:115-117

Structuralandmagneticpropertiesofferromagneticnano-sized (Ni1_xCox) 0.85Se preparedbysimplehydrothermalmethod

Zein K.Heiba a, b, NasserY.Mostafa b, c, n, MohamedBakrMohamed a, H.Al-Harthi b

a Ain ShamsUniversity,FacultyofScience,PhysicsDepartment,Cairo,Egypt b Taif University,FacultyofScience,P.O.Box:888,Al-Haweiah,Taif,SaudiArabia c Chemistry Department,FacultyofScience,SuezCanalUniversity,Ismailia41522,Egypt

Abstract:

Nanocrystalline (Ni1−xCox) 0.85Se with 0.0≤x≤1 solid solutions were prepared by a simple hydrothermal route. All samples form a NiAs-type hexagonal structure with metal vacancies. From Rietveld analysis, the lattice parameters are found to decrease nonlinearly with composition x; crystallite size and microstrain vary anisotropically.

Magnetic measurements show that Ni0.85Se and Co0.75Se samples exhibit ferromagnetic properties while (Ni0.5Co0.5)0.85Se shows a paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. For the first time, nano-Ni0.85Se is reported to be ferromagnetic

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OCEANOLOGIA 2013 3: 663–685

Comparison of the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances on the El Arish coast and seaweed vegetation after ten years in 2010, North Sinai, Egypt

Gihan Ahmed El Shoubaky

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Human activities on coasts and climate changes during the past ten years have given rise to considerable shoreline changes along the El Arish coast (the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula). In the El Arish Power Plant, sediment accretion has reached the tip of the breakwater of the cooling water intake basin, necessitating extensive dredging inside the basin. To the east of El Arish Harbour, the shoreline has been in continuous retreat. The differences between the year 2000 and 2010 in the shoreline along the El Arish coast were determined by analysing satellite images from NOAA-AVHRR images. The analyses revealed erosion and accretion patterns along the coast. The physical parameters showed that the minimum water temperature of 18◦C was recorded at site I in winter and that the maximum was 40◦C at site II in summer. The latter temperature can be attributed to the effluent discharge of cooling water from the El Arish power plant. Spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution and abundance of macroalgae were measured at four sites (I, II, III and IV) along the El Arish coast. The percentage cover of the successional macroalgae exhibited environmental fluctuations. After ten years, the phytocommunity showed that red and green algae were dominant at the study sites. Significant differences between past and current flora were observed. 39taxa recorded in 2000 were absent in 2010, while 9 taxa not previously reported were present in 2010. These changes are discussed in the context of possible global warming effects. PERMANOVA showed significant changes (p<0.001) between sites, seasons, species abundance and macroalgal groups along the El Arish coast in 2000 and 2010. The similarity matrix showed a significant difference between the flora in 2010 and that recorded in 2000, indicating poor similarity and changes in species composition among the seasons at the different sites. Most of the algae belonged to the filamentous, coarsely branched and sheet functional form groups.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Letters in Organic Chemistry 2014 11: 168–173

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation against Influenza Virus Agonists of (N'E, N'"E)-2, 2'-[[1, 1'-Biphenyl]-4, 4'-dihylbis (oxy)] bis (N'-arylmethyleneacetohydrazides)

El Sayed H. El Ashry, Zia Ud Din, Zahid H. Soomro, Wajid Rahman, Muhammad Raza Shah, Yeldez El Kilany, Lieve Naesens and Ahmed T.A. Boraei

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

N',N"'-[2,2'-[[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis(oxy)]bis(acetyl)]di(benzohydrazide) 3 was prepared by reaction of 2,2'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis(oxy)]bisacetohydrazide 2 with benzoyl chloride. A new series of the arylidene 4-15 was prepared by heating 2 with the following aldehydes: 4- flourobenzaldehyde, p-tolualdehyde, 2-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, isonicotinaldehyde (4-pyridine carboxaldehyde), benzaldehyde, 4- chlorobenzaldehyde, picolinaldehyde (2-pyridine carboxaldehyde), 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-anisaldehyde), 3- bromobenzaldehyde, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vaniline). The compounds were evaluated against influenza virus. Two compounds showed moderate activity which means that with more derivatization, better activity could be expected.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Mathematical Methods in Applied Sciences 2014 12: 2600–2605

On a reducibility of the Kampé de Fériet function

Medhat A. Rakhaa*†, MohammedM. Awadb and Arjun K. Rathiec a Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman b Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt c Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Riverside Transit Campus, Padennakkad P.O. Nileshwar,Kasaragod 671 328, Kerala, India * Correspondence to:Medhat A. Rakha, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.

Abstract:

The main objective of this research note is to provide an interesting result for the reducibility of the Kampé de Fériet function. The result is derived with the help of two results for the terminating 3F2 series very recently obtained by Rakha et al. A few interesting special cases have also been given. Copyright © 2014 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

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EURASIP Journal onWireless Communications and Networking 2014

A novel contention probability dynamism for IEEE 802.15.6 standard

Mohammed Fatehy1, 2* and Ryuji Kohno1

1Physical, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-Ku, 240-8501 Yokohama, Japan 2Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Round Road, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

The newly emerged IEEE 802.15.6 standard provides a multiple priority-based services for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). Categorizing a node as high/low priority device leads to be assigned a relatively larger/smaller contention probability (CP) respectively. In contention based protocols, halving the maximum CP value (CPmax) the way down to its minimum value (CPmin) has no consideration to the device's awaiting packets in the buffer. Moreover, this halving process shrunken the device's chance to contend to the current time slot which affects the throughput and average packet service time. In this paper, we propose an amendment to the IEEE 802.15.6 standard introducing novel CP dynamism based on the device's queue length. The numerical results show an improvement of the proposed dynamism over the conventional in terms of throughput, delay and data packet dropping rate.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2013 4-1273–1282

Effects of phosphate mining activity on groundwater quality at Wadi Queh, Red Sea, Egypt

Fathy A. Abdalla & Ibrahim H. Khalifa F. A. Abdalla (*) Geology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt I. H. Khalifa Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

The groundwater in Wadi Queh exists in two main hydrogeological units; fractured Precambrian basement and sedimentary rocks with high contribution for groundwater recharge. To study the impacts of phosphate mining activities on the groundwater quality in the area, three groundwater samples that represent all water wells in the area were collected and analysed for major ions and some heavy metals. In addition, three bulk samples representing the phosphatic sediments collected from upstream and downstream of the drainage basin were collected and analysed to understand the source of groundwater contamination. The total concentrations of dissolved solids suggest that the groundwater in the area grades from fresh to brackish water (961–1,580 mg/l), and is characterized by sodium–calcium–sulphate–chloride and sodium– magnesium–sulphate– chloride chemical types. The results showed high concentrations of the heavy metals in well nos. 1 and 2 in downstream parts compared to well no. 3 in upstream part reflecting their influence by the mining activities.

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Molecules

2014 19: 19648-19664

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel 2H-Chromene Derivatives Bearing Phenylthiazolidinones and Their Biological Activity Assessment

Islam H. El Azab 1, 2,*, Mohamed M. Youssef 3 and Mahmoud A. Amin 2, 4

1 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia 3 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt 4 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

6-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehyde (2), 6-chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromene- 4- carbaldehyde (3) and 6-hydrazinyl-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (5) were prepared as single- pharmacophore motif key intermediates. Compounds 2, 3 and 5 were incorporated in a series of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), under microwave assistance as well as conventional chemical synthesis processes, to afford a series of three and/or four- pharmacophoric-motif conjugates 8a,b, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19 and 20 in good yields. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. Finally the synthesized compounds have been screened for their biological activity whereupon they exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity on different classes of bacteria and the fungus.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Plant Systematics and Evolution 2014 300:1199–1208

Low genetic diversity and high levels of inbreeding inthe Sinai primrose (Primula boveana), a species on the brink of extinction

Ares Jime´nez • Hassan Mansour • Barbara Keller • Elena Conti A. Jime´nez (&) B. Keller E. Conti Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland H. Mansour Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt

Abstract:

The Sinai primrose (Primula boveana) is one of the most endangered plant species worldwide, with less than 200 wild individuals surviving in the Sinai Mountains of Egypt. There has been a decline in both the number and size of its populations in recent times, possibly caused by threats that include habitat aridification and the impact of human activities. Studying the standing genetic variation and extent of inbreeding of P. boveana is necessary for the design of appropriate conservation strategies for this species. In the present work, we used a set of seven, recently developed, polymorphic microsatellite markers to characterize the genetic variation and levels of inbreeding of the extant populations of P. boveana. We found low levels of genetic variation (HT = 0.470), high differentiation between populations (FST = 0.737, RST = 0.935), and very elevated levels of inbreeding (F = 0.862) due to recurrent selfing. These results may be the reflection of low levels of genetic variation and high levels of inbreeding over a long evolutionary period, 2 suggesting that the current genetic pool of the species may enable P. boveana to persist in a habitat where water availability and pollinator services are restricted. Nevertheless, in sight of its rapidly dwindling abundance, it seems prudent to adopt swift measures, including habitat restoration and ex-situ conservation, to prevent the impending extinction of this emblematic species.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Acta Bilogica Hugarica

2014 1: 85-95

Genoprotectivity of methanol and ethanol extracted leaf sap of Trigonella foenum-graecum in Allium cepa root assay

Laila Mekki * Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suiz Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) of Fabacecae family is widely distributed throughout the world and used as an old medicinal plant and traditional food. The present study deals with the investigation of the anti-genotoxic potential of methanol (MTG) and ethanol (ETG) extracted leaf sap of fenugreek on Allium cepa root tip cells, which were treated with cadmium sulfate (CdSO4). Three types of treatments were applied. First, roots were treated with different concentrations of methanolic and ethanolic extracts (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) separately for 3 h each, followed by CdSO4 treatment (at 250 ppm, for 3 h). Second, roots were first treated with CdSO4 followed by extracts treatment. Third, root tips were treated with CdSO4 with extracts treatments at the same time. For controls, roots with CdSO4 (250 ppm) and distilled water served as positive and negative control, respectively. The results showed that the methanol and ethanol extracts of fenugreek modulated the genotoxic and clastogenic aberrations, which were induced by CdSO4. The protection activity of MTG (1%) was 50% in the first treatment, 70% in the second treatment and 82% in the third treatment and 61%, 68% and 88% of ETG (1%), respectively. DNA rearrangements were also observed by revealing new RAPD bands in the total DNS samples isolated from Allium roots after treatmenst.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Materials 2014 7: 7048-7058

Effect of Isomorphous Substitution on the Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Hydrotalcites

Sergio Crosby 1,† , Doanh Tran 2,† , David Cocke 2,† , El-Shazly M. Duraia 1,3,† and Gary W. Beall 1,4,†,*

1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, 4400 South MLK, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA 3 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt 4 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

Hydrotalcites have many important applications in catalysis, wastewater treatment, gene delivery and polymer stabilization, all depending on preparation history and treatment scenarios. In catalysis and polymer stabilization, thermal decomposition is of great importance. Hydrotalcites form easily with atmospheric carbon dioxide and often interfere with the study of other anion containing systems, particularly if formed at room temperature. The dehydroxylation and decomposition of carbonate occurs simultaneously, making it difficult to distinguish the dehydroxylation mechanisms directly. To date, the majority of work on understanding the decomposition mechanism has utilized hydrotalcite precipitated at room temperature. In this study, evolved gas analysis combined with thermal analysis has been used to show that CO2 contamination is problematic in materials being formed at RT that are poorly crystalline. This has led to some dispute as to the nature of the dehydroxylation mechanism. In this paper, data for the thermal decomposition of the chloride form of hydrotalcite are reported. In addition, carbonate-free hydrotalcites have been synthesized with different charge densities and at different growth temperatures. This combination of parameters has allowed a better understanding of the mechanism of dehydroxylation and the role that isomorphous substitution plays in these mechanisms to be delineated. In addition, the effect of anion type on thermal stability is also reported. A stepwise dehydroxylation model is proposed that is mediated by the level of aluminum substitution.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Superlattices and Microstructures 2014 73: 268–274

Ultra-smooth and lattice relaxed ZnO thin films

A.N. Foudaa, ,El Shazly M. Duraiaa, b, , , , E.A. Eidc a Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt b Texas State University-San Marcos, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA c Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological Institute, 44629 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt

Abstract:

The crystal structure and quality of ZnO thin films were enhanced by high temperature vacuum annealing. High quality ZnO thin films have been grown on a-plane sapphire substrate by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering method at a substrate temperature of 600 °C. A remarkable improvement in the epilayer quality were established by in situ high temperature annealing. The film quality, smoothness, the in plane stress, and the degree of epitaxy of the films have been evaluated. The crystalline quality was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses. An extremely smooth ZnO films were achieved at higher annealing temperatures with root mean square roughness of 0.3 nm. The transverse optical mode A1(TO) observed in all the samples and the longitudinal optical mode A1(LO) appeared only at higher annealing temperatures over 800 °C in the micro-Raman scattering measurements. The strain of c-axis were relaxed and the lattice parameter was comparable to that of bulk ZnO at high annealing temperature of 900 °C.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 2014 23: 618–622

Enhanced Capacitance of Thermally Reduced Hexagonal Graphene Oxide for High Performance Supercapacitor

A.N. FOUDA1, M. K. ABU ASSY1, GABER EL ENANY2 and NEHAD YOUSF1 1 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt 2 Science and Math Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt

Abstract:

An easy method, cost effective, and scalable approach was developed for the preparation of graphene nanosheets. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummer method, and thermal reduction was performed in air ambient at 350C. The results of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy indicate that GO is reduced to graphene. A perfect hexagonal GO structure was confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. After thermal reduction, few layers of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) with dimension of hundred nanometers were obtained. The electrochemical properties of the graphene nanosheets as electrode materials for supercapacitors were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Higher specific capacitance of 731 F g¡1 in 1M H2SO4 at a scan rate of 10 mV s¡1 , and a large specific capacitance of 451 F g¡1 was preserved at high scan rate of 100 mV s¡1 .

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Surface and Interface Analysis 2014 46: 442–448

Electrodeposition of nanocrystalline Ni – Cu alloy from environmentally friendly lactate bath

M. M. Kamel, Z. M. Anwer, I. T. Abdel-Salam, I. S. Ibrahim*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. *Royal International Inspection Laboratories (RIIL), General Organization for Exports and Imports Control, Sokhna Port, Suez, Egypt.

Abstract:

A new environmentally friendly electroplating bath for Ni – Cu alloy deposition was developed. Lactic acid was used as a complexing agent. The influence of bath composition, current density, pH and temperature on cathodic polarization, cathodic current efficiency and alloy composition was studied. Different proportions of the two metals were obtained by using different deposition parameters, but at all [Ni2+] / [Cu2+] ratios studied, preferential deposition of Cu occurred and regular co-deposition took place. The Ni content of the deposit increased with Ni2+ content and current density and decreased with temperature. The surface morphology of the deposited Ni – Cu alloy was investigated using SEM. The crystal structure was examined using X – ray diffraction technique. The results showed that the deposits consisted of a single solid solution phase with a face – centered cubic structure (fcc). The crystallite size lies in the range of 12 to 25 nm for as – plated alloys

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Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2014 131: 512–517

Semiconducting properties of Al doped ZnO thin films

Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi a,⇑ , Omar A. Al-Hartomy a,b, M. El Okr c, A.M. Nawar d, S. El- Gazzar d, Farid El-Tantawy d, F. Yakuphanoglu a,e,⇑ a Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia c Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt d Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt e Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23169, Turkey

Abstract:

Aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were successfully deposited via spin coating technique onto glass substrates. Structural properties of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction results reveal that all the films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation according to the direction (002) plane. The crystallite size of ZnO and AZO films was determined from Scherrer‟s formula and Williamson–Hall analysis. The lattice parameters of the AZO films were found to decrease with increasing Al content. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) results indicate that Zn, Al and O elements are present in the AZO thin films. The electrical conductivity, mobility carriers and carrier concentration of the films are increased with increasing Al doping concentration. The optical band gap (Eg) of the films is increased with increasing Al concentration. The AZO thin films indicate a high transparency in the visible region with an average value of 86%. These transparent AZO films may be open a new avenue for optoelectronic and photonic devices applications in near future.

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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

2014 58: 5537-5546

Improved Plaque Assay Identifies a Novel Anti-Chlamydia Ceramide Derivative with Altered Intracellular Localization

Sebastian Banharta, Essa M. Saiedb,c, Andrea Martinia, Sophia Kocha,Lukas Aeberharda,d, Kazimierz Madelae, Christoph Arenzb and Dagmar Heuera a Junior Research Group “Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens” (NG 5), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany b Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt d Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany e Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

Abstract:

Chlamydia trachomatis is a medically important human pathogen causing different diseases, including trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries, and sexually transmitted infections that can lead to infertility and ectopic pregnancies. There is no vaccine against C. trachomatis at present. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used as standard therapy to treat the infection but have unwanted side effects, such as inducing persistent or recurring infections and affecting the host microbiome, necessitating the development of novel anti- Chlamydia therapies. Here, we describe the establishment of a robust, fast, and simple plaque assay using liquid overlay medium (LOM) for the identification of anti-Chlamydia compounds. Using the

LOM plaque assay, we identified nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled 1-O-methyl-ceramide-C16 as a compound that efficiently inhibits C. trachomatis replication without affecting the viability of the host cell. Further detailed analyses indicate that 1-O-methyl-NBD-ceramide-C16 acts outside the inclusion. Thereby, 1-O-methyl-NBD-ceramide-C16 represents a lead compound for the development of novel anti-Chlamydia drugs and furthermore constitutes an agent to illuminate sphingolipid trafficking pathways in Chlamydia infections.

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Plant Ecology and Evolution 2014 2: 187–201

Genetic variation in Sinai‟s range-restricted plant taxa Hypericum sinaicum and Origanum syriacum subsp. sinaicum and its conservational implications

Mohamed S. Zaghloul1,*, Peter Poschlod2 & Christoph Reisch2 1 Botany Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 2 Institut für Botanik, Universität Regensburg, DE-93053 Regensburg, Germany

Abstract:

Background and aims – It is a key conservation aim to maintain genetic diversity within populations of rare and threatened species. The flora of the Sinai Peninsula is unique and, therefore, of strong interest. However, in only few studies genetic structure and variation within and among populations of Sinai plants have been analysed. In the study presented here, we analysed the genetic structure of Hypericum sinaicum and Origanum syriacum subsp. sinaicum, which are two rare respectively near-endemic and endemic medicinal perennial plants with overlapping ranges restricted to the mountainous region of southern Sinai in Egypt. Methods and key results – We used AFLP markers and calculated standard genetic diversity measures. Both species exhibited much higher genetic diversity and lower genetic differentiation than generally reported for endemic plants. Although the taxa differed in distribution range and density of populations in the study region (local scale), molecular variation within populations was not significantly different between both taxa. H. sinaicum, the taxon with the narrower range and fewer populations, exhibited a stronger population differentiation than O. syriacum subsp. sinaicum, the taxon with the wider range and more populations at the scale of the study. Populations of both species followed the isolation-by- distance model. Bayesian clustering of individuals was successful in identifying several populations with distinct gene pools in both taxa. Conclusions – We discussed recommendations for conservation of each taxon and concluded that the conservation of genetic diversity occurring naturally in these taxa should still be possible by a combination of in situ and ex situ conservation efforts.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Plant Ecology and Evolution 2014 2: 187–201

Different dynamics in shuffling of genome content among host specificity groups of the symbiotic actinobacterium Frankia

Ken-ichi Kucho1*, Takashi Yamanaka2, Hideo Sasakawa3, Samira R Mansour4 and Toshiki Uchiumi1

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University

Abstract:

Frankia is a genus of soil actinobacteria forming nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiotic relationships with non-leguminous woody plant species, collectively called actinorhizals, from eight dicotyledonous families. Frankia strains are classified into four host-specificity groups (HSGs), each of which exhibits a distinct host range. Genome sizes of representative strains of Alnus, Casuarina, and Elaeagnus HSGs are highly diverged and are positively correlated with the size of their host ranges.

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BMC Plant Biology 2014 14: 176

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen allergenicity: Super SAG

Etranscriptomic analysis upon elevated CO2 and drought stress

Amr El Kelish1 2, Feng Zhao1, Werner Heller1, Jörg Durner1 3, J Barbro Winkler4, Heidrun Behrendt5 6, Claudia TraidlHoffmann6 9, Ralf Horres7, Matthias Pfeifer8, Ulrike Frank1 6 * and Dieter Ernst1 6

1 Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 2 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 3 Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, 85350 FreisingWeihenstephan, Germany 4 Research Unit for Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 5 Center of Allergy & Environment München (ZAUM), Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 6 CKCARE,Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland 7 GenXPro GmbH, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 8 Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 9 Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKAT, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Abstract:

Background: Pollen of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is a main cause of allergic diseases in Northern America. The weed has recently become spreading as a neophyte in Europe, while climate change may also affect the growth of the plant and additionally may also influence pollen allergenicity. To gain better insight in the molecular mechanisms in the development of ragweed pollen and its allergenic proteins under global change scenarios, we generated SuperSAGE libraries to identify differentially expressed transcripts.

Results: Ragweed plants were grown in a greenhouse under 380 ppm CO2 and under elevated level of CO2

(700 ppm). In addition, drought experiments under both CO2 concentrations were performed. The pollen viability was not altered under elevated CO2, whereas drought stress decreased its viability. Increased levels of individual flavonoid metabolites were found under elevated CO2 and/or drought. Total RNA was isolated from ragweed pollen, exposed to the four mentioned scenarios and four SuperSAGE libraries were constructed. The library dataset included 236,942 unique sequences, showing overlapping as well as clear differently expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The analysis targeted ESTs known in Ambrosia, as well as in pollen of other plants. Among the identified ESTs, those encoding allergenic ragweed proteins (Amb a) increased under elevated

CO2and drought stress. In addition, ESTs encoding allergenic proteins in other plants were also identified.

Conclusions: The analysis of changes in the transcriptome of ragweed pollen upon CO2 and drought stress using SuperSAGE indicates that under global change scenarios the pollen transcriptome was altered, and impacts the allergenic potential of ragweed pollen.

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Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2013 6:435–438

Ionic liquid behavior and high thermal stability of silver chloride nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization

M. Rafiq H. Siddiqui a,*, S.F. Adil a, K. Nour b, M.E. Assal a, A. Al-Warthan a a Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

Silver chloride was found to be stable even after calcination at 650 _C for 10 h. SEM studies revealed the morphology of silver chloride as hexagonal particles. TEM studies show the size of silver chloride particles to have an average size of 6–7 nm. Thermal studies suggest that silver chloride nanoparticles behave like ionic liquid or molten salt in the range of 455–650 _C.

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Quality Assurance in Education 2013 2: 162-198

A model of student involvement in the quality assurance system at institutional level NohaElassy

Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University

Abstract:

Purpose – This paper aims to create a theoretical model of student involvement in the institutionalquality assurance process at their universities. Design/methodology/approach – The model suggested in this paper was created and developedfrom a critical examination of relevant literature on stakeholder involvement in decision making andquality assurance processes, regarding different disciplines. Findings – This paper presents a theoretical model of student involvement in the institutionalquality assurance with its diminutions, categories and 20 rungs of student activities. It suggests adefinition of student involvement term, regarding participating in the quality assurance process athigher education institutions. The importance of involving students in quality assurance procedureshas been discussed. The paper provides some international experiences about student involvement ininstitutional QAP depending on the categories of student involvement activities that were suggested inthe theoretical model. Originality/value – The paper reveals a comprehensive model of student involvement that allows afull understanding of the extent and nature of the activities which higher education students undertakewhen they involve themselves in the quality assurance process at their institution.

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Technology, Pedagogy and Education 2014 3: 339–355

Interdisciplinary project based learning: An online Wiki experience in teacher education

Michele Biasuttia * and Heba EL-Deghaidyb

a Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy b Department of Curriculum and Instruction, School of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract:

In the current research study the use of Wikis as an online didactic tool to applyproject- based learning in higher education was reported. The study was conductedin university teacher education programmes. During the online activities, participants developed interdisciplinary projects for the primary school workingcollaboratively in small groups in a Wiki virtual environment within the Moodleplatform. Science was at the core of the projects and acted as an organising hubto finding links with other disciplines. A mixed- methods approach involving thecollection of both quantitative and qualitative data was adopted in the currentresearch study. The authors developed the following three instruments in orderto measure both processes and outcomes of the online activities: the interdisciplinaryproject-based learning questionnaire, the reflection questionnaire and arubric for assessing interdisciplinary projects. The current paper focuses only onthe qualitative data, which were subjected to an inductive content analysis.Results provided evidence of the processes involved during the collaborativeactivities and that online activities can develop teachers‟ abilities to design projectsin interdisciplinary contexts. The discussion highlights the aspects of theonline environment that made the collaborative work effective in learning. Futureimplications and suggestions for teacher education programmes are discussed.

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Botany 2013

92: 69-75

Perianth colour affects germination behaviour in wind-pollinated Salsola rubescens in Arabian deserts

Ali A. El-Keblawy,a* Arvind Bhatt,b Sanjay Gairolac aDepartment of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Sharjah Research Academy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE. bGulf Organization for Research & Development, P.O. Box 210162, Doha, Qatar. cSharjah Seeds Bank and Herbarium, Sharjah Research Academy, Sharjah, UAE. Corresponding author: Ali A. El-Keblawy (e-mail: [email protected]). *Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Education in Al-Arish, Suez Canal University, Egypt.

Abstract:

Salsola rubescens Franch. is a wind-pollinated halophytic shrub that produces fruits with red and yellow winged perianths. Germinability of seeds from both fruit types was determined under various light, temperature, and salinity treatments. Red seeds, with and without winged perianths, were heavier than yellow seeds. Germination percentage and germination rate index (speed) were significantly affected by the perianth colour, presence of wings, and temperature and light of incubation and most of their interactions. Germination percentage was greater for yellow-winged seeds than for red-winged seeds. Wing removal significantly enhanced the germination percentage and germination speed in the two types. The presence of wings enhanced germination at lower temperatures, but wing absence enhanced germination at higher temperatures. Wing removal enhanced germination to a greater degree in yellow than in red seeds. There was no light requirement during germination of red-winged seeds, but yellow-winged seeds germinated significantly more in light than in darkness. Red-winged and dewinged seeds were more tolerant to salinity than yellow seeds. Removal of wings significantly increased salinity tolerance for seeds of both wing colours. It is concluded that the showy perianth colours have an ecological role in wind-pollinated plants in regulating dormancy and germination behaviour in the heterogeneous unpredictable hyperarid deserts.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 2014 2: 235–256

Effect of salinity on the concentrations of radioisotopes in the aquatic environment of a hypersaline coastal lagoon

Khaled A. Ramadana,b, Mostafa K. Seddeekc,d, Taher Sharshare,f , Tarek Elnimra and Hussein M. Badrana,f ∗ aPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; bPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine; cPhysics Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Al-Arish, Egypt; dPhysics Department, Oklat Al-Skoor College of Science & Arts, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; ePhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt; f Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Hawiya, Taif, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

Research of the effect of salinity on the fate of radionuclides has been focused on seas or estuarine systems while there is almost no information on marine environments with salinity higher than that of sea water. The hypersaline Bardawil lagoon is a concentration basin, with evaporation exceeding precipitation. This study presents the characteristics of some environmental factors including salinity and their influence on the distribution of natural and artificial radionuclides in different compartments of the lagoon. The concentrations of 238U, 234Th, 228Ra and 137Cs in sediments show some degree of dependency on the water‟s salinity. Migration of these radionuclides in the lagoon‟s sediments must take place from high salinity to low-salinity regions. Cluster analysis revealed the data structure for sediment by separating 137Cs and 40K from 232Th, 226Ra, and 234Th and for sand by separating 40K from the other radioisotopes.

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Optics and Spectroscopy 2014 3: 492–499

Spectrophotometric Determination of β_Adrenergic Antagonists Drugs Via Ion_pair Complex Formation Using MO and EBT1

A. M. El_Didamonya, * and A. M. Shehatab a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Al_Arish, 45111 Egypt

Abstract:

Two simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the assay of bisoprolol fumarate (BSF), propranolol hydrochloride (PRH) and timolol maleate (TIM) either in bulk or in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reaction of the selected drugs with methyl orange (MO) and eriochrome black T in acidic buffers, after extracting in dichloromethane and measured quantitatively with maximum absorption at 428 and 518 nm for MO and EBT, respectively. The analytical parameters and their effects on the reported systems are investigated. The extracts are intensely colored and very stable at room temperature. The calibration graphs were linear over the concentration range of 0.8–6.4, 0.4–3.6, 0.8–5.6 μg/mL for BSF, PRH and TIM, respectively with MO and 0.8–6.4, 0.4–3.2 and 0.8– 8.0 μg/mL for BSF, PRH and TIM, respectively with EBT. The stoichiometry of the complexes was found to be 1 : 1 in all cases. The proposed methods were successfully extended to pharmaceutical preparations. Excipients used as additive in commercial formulations did not interfere in the analysis. The proposed meth_ods can be recommended for quality control and routine analysis where time, cost effectiveness and high specificity of analytical technique are of great importance.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

HETEROCYCLES 2014 10: 2318–2333

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New Dihydropyridine, Pyrazole, Chromene, Pyrrole, Thiazole and Thiophene Derivatives

Ahmed A. Fadda, 1* Hala M. Refat, 2 Khaled S. Mohamed, 3 and Nada A. H. Mohamed1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, 45511 Al-Arish, Egypt 3 Engineering Chemistry Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, New Damietta, Egypt

Abstract:

Synthesis of 2-cyano-N-((2-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)- acetohydrazide (3) and its use as a key intermediate for the synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds such as dihydropyridines (4, 6 and 8), pyrazoles (9 and 10), chromene (11), pyrroles (12 and13), thiazoles (14 and 17) and thiophene (18-20) derivatives were described. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their IR, 1H- NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data and have been screened for their antimicrobial activity.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

European Journal of Soil Science 2013 64: 526–536

Measuring reactive metal in soil: a comparison of multi-element isotopic dilution and chemical extraction

E. R. Marzouka, b, S. R. Cheneryc & S. D. Younga aDivision of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK, bDivision of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Suez Canal University, North Sinai 45516, Egypt,and cBritish Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK

Abstract:

The isotopically exchangeable metal pool (E-value) of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were simultaneously measured, using stable isotope dilution, in soils contaminated by Pb/Zn mining activities and varying in properties likely to affect metal reactivity, including pH, organic matter content, metal concentration and land use. E-values were compared with single and sequential extraction schemes. Results showed a wide range of metal reactivity (approximately 1–100% of total) depending on the extent of contamination and on the prevailing soil conditions. Across the range of soils, the E-values showed no consistent correspondence to any single chemical extraction procedure (EDTA, DTPA and HNO3) although there was reasonable agreement with the extractants 0.05m EDTA and 0.43 m HNO3 in acidic organic soils. Extraction with 0.005 m DTPA substantially under- estimated the isotopically exchangeable metal content. E-values corresponded reasonably Well with the exchangeable metal (fraction 1 (F1) of the sequential extraction procedure) in calcareous soils but relatively poorly and inconsistently with F1–F2, F1–F3 or F1–F4 in acidic-neutral soils. Operational aspects associated with determination of multi-element E- values are discussed.

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Published Research Articles in International Journals 2013-2014

Plant Biology 2014 17: 123–133

On the consequences of aluminium stress in rye: repression of two mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase mRNAs

D. Abd El-Moneim†, R. Contreras, J. Silva-Navas, F. J. Gallego, A. M. Figueiras and C. Benito* Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain †Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt

Abstract:

Plants have developed several external and internal aluminium (Al) tolerance mechanisms. The external mechanism best characterized is the exudation of organic acids induced by Al. Rye (Secalecereale L.), one of the most Al-tolerant cereal crops, secretes both citrate and malate from its roots in response to Al. However, the role of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) genes in Al-induced stress has not been studied in rye. We have isolated the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes, encoding two different mitochondrial MDH isozymes, in three Al-tolerant rye cultivars (Ailes, Imperial and Petkus) and one sensitive inbred rye line (Riodeva). These genes, which have seven exons and six introns, were located on the 1R (ScMDH1) and 3RL (ScMDH2) chromosomes. Exon 1 of ScMDH1 and exon 7 of ScMDH2 were the most variable among the different ryes. The hypothetical proteins encoded by these genes were classified as putative mitochondrial MDH isoforms. The phylogenetic relationships obtained using both cDNA and protein sequences indicated that the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 proteins are orthologous to mitochondrial MDH1 and MDH2 proteins of different Poaceae species. The expression studies of the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes indicate that it is more intense in roots than in leaves. Moreover, the amount of their corresponding mRNAs in roots from plants treated and not treated with Al was higher in the tolerant cultivar Petkusthan in the sensitive inbred line Riodeva. In addition, ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 mRNA levels decreased in response to Al stress (repressive behaviour) in the roots of both the tolerant Petkus and the sensitive line Riodeva.

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PREPARED BY "Tghreed Mohamed Ahmed" "Doaa Mohamed Farag Khalaf"

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