23552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 H.R. 14496. June 22, 1976. Interstate and H.R. 14504. June 22, 1976. Judiciary. In­ Bank and Assistance Administration to assist Foreign Commerce. Establishes a program of corporates the National Ski Patrol System, the formation and growth of consumer and. financial and technical assistance for the de­ Incorporated. . other types of self-help cooperatives. velopment of resource recovery systems . in H.i;t. 14505. June 22, 1976. Ways and Means. H.R. 14513. June 23, 1976. Banking, Cur­ the Environmental Protection Agency. Di­ Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: ( 1) rency and Housing. Creates the National Co­ rects the Administrator of the Environ­ allow a limited tax credit for qualified sav- operative Bank, the Self-Help Development mental Protection Agency to regulate wastes ' ings deposits and investments; (2) increase Fund, and the Cooperative Bank and Assist­ which are hazardous to health. the maximum tax deduction for retirement ance Administration to assist the formation Establishes criteria for approval and im­ savings; (3) exclude from gross income divi­ and growth of consumer and other types of plementation of State and regional discarded dends received from domestic corporations; self-help cooperatives. materials plans. Creates a nonprofit corpora­ (4) allow a limited tax exclusion for capital H.R. 14514. June 23, 1976. Ways and tion to assist in stimulating the market for gains income; ( 5) provide for nonrecogni­ Means. Permits a State which no longer qual­ resource recovery faciltties. tion of gain on the sale or exchange of quali­ ifies for the hold harmless limitation on its H.R. 14497. June 22, 1976. Interstate and fied small business property; (6) increase the liability for optional additional supplemen­ Foreign Commerce; Ways and Means. Estab­ number of installments in which the estate tary security income payments under the lishes a national health insurance system for tax may be RS.id in the case of an interest in Social Security. Act to elect to continue to maternal and child health care. a closely held business; and (7) reduce the include the bonus value of food stamps in H.R. 14498. June 22, 1976. Veterans' Affairs. corporate normal tax rate, the surtax ra.te, its supplementation payments under con­ Extends the delimiting. period 1n the ce,se of and the surtax exemption. dition that it pass through a part of the any eligible veteran who is pursuing, during H.R. 14506. June 22, 1976. Interior and In­ 1976 cost-of-living increase in supplemental his or her 10th yeM' of eligibility, a pro­ sular Affairs. Authorizes the Secretary of the security income benefits and an of any sub­ gram of educaition. Interior to design and construct drainage sequent increases in such benefits. H.R. 14499. June 22, 1976. Interstate and works to alleviate high groundwater condi­ H.R. 14515. June 23, 1976. Public Works Foreign Commerce. Authorizes the Secre­ tions in and adjacent to Moses Lake, Wash­ and Transportation. Directs the Secretary of tary of Health, Education, and Welfare to ington. the Army, acting through the Chief of En­ alter the services provided at, transfer con­ H.R. 14507. June 22, 1976. Rules. Amends gineers, to construct the flood control proj­ trol of, or close specified hospitals of the the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 to re­ ect for the Santa Ana River in California. Public Health Service. quire Congress to review each Federal pro­ H.R. 14516. June 23, 1976. Public Works H.R. 14500. June 22, 1976. Merchant Marine gram at least every six yearn as though it and Transportation. Authorizes the Secre­ and Fisheries. Ex.tends provisions of the were beiing proposed to be enacted for the tary of the Army, acting through the Chief Fishermen's Protective Act of 1967 providing first time. Prohibits the extension of budget of Engineers, to construct the project for for reimbursement to fishermen for confis­ authority for any such program beyond such navigation improvements in the Los Angeles cation of fishing vessels by foreign countries. six year period until the Congressional com­ Harbor. H.R. 14501. June 22, 1976. Interstate and mittees with jurisdiction over such programs H.R. 14517. June 23, 1976. Education and Foreign Commerce. Amends the Natural Gas conduct such reviews. Labor. Amends the Occupational Safety and Act to limit Federal Power Commission au­ H.R. 14508. June 22, 1976. Judiciary. Per­ Health Act of 1970 to provide that any em­ thority to regulate prices of new natural mits the Secretary of Housing and Urban ployer who successfully contests a citation gas produced from offshore Federal lands. Development to initiate a civil action to en­ or penalty under such Act shall be awarded Requires that prices for the sale of other force Federal prohibitions against discrimi­ a reasonable attorney's fee and other reason­ new natural gas be consistent with the ceil­ natory housing practices. Allows Federal aible litigation costs. ing established for offshore natural gas. courts to award private plaintiffs bringing H.R. 14518. June 23, 1976. Education and Directs the Commission to prohibit the suit to enforce such prohibitions reasonable Labor. Amends the Age Discrimination in curtailment of natural gas supplies for es­ attorney fees whether or not such individuals Employmen t Act of 1967 to make its provi­ sential agricultural purposes. Restricts the are financially able to bear the cost. sions, formerly applicaible to persons between use of natural gas as boiler fuel. H.R. 14509. June 22, 1976. Banking, Cur­ 40 and 60 years of age, applicable to anyone H.R. 14502. June 22, 1976. Permits a State rency and Housin g. Provides that elderly 40 years of age or older. which no longer qualifies for the hold harm­ persons residing in dwelling u nits receiving H.R. 14519. June 23, 1976. Ways and less limitation on its liability for optional Federal assistance 8hall be entitled to sp1:lci­ Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code additional supplementary security income fied rights concerning lease terminations. to allow a tax deduction in an amount not payments under the Social Security Act to H.R. 14510. J une 22, 1976. Judiciary. De­ to exceed $1,000 for amounts paid by the elect to continue to include the bonus value clares a certain individual lawfully admitted t axpayer to an eligible educational institu­ of food stamps in its supplementation pay­ to the United States for perman ent residence, tion for tuition for the attendance of the ments under condition that it pass through under the Immigration and Nationality Act. taxpayer or any eligible dependent. a part of the 1976 cost-of-living increase in H .R. 14511. June 22, 1976. Judiciary, Au­ supplemental security income benefits and thorizes the admission of a certain individ­ H.R. 14520. June 23, 1976. Post Office and all of any subsequent increases in such bene­ ual to the United .States for permanent res­ Civil Servjce. Revises the formula for deter­ fits. iden ce. mining when to make cost-of-living adjust­ H.R. 14503. June 22, 1976. Public Works and H.R. 14512. June 23, 1976. Banking, Cur­ ments in Federal civil service annuities. Transportation. Designates a new postal fa­ rency and Housing. Creates the National Eliminates the one petcent increase which cility in Youngstown, Ohio, as the "Michael Consumer Cooperative Bank, the Self-Help is autom3.tically added on to such adjust­ J. Kirwan Post Ofilce." Development Fund, and the Cooperative ments.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WASTE OIL RECOVERY PROJECT This used oil is still valuable. Despite waste oil they take out of their crank­ BEGINS IN CINCINNATI the water and metal contaminants that cases is a mystery. Some dump it in the the oil picks up during use, the essential garbage, or in the backyard, or down a lubricating qualities of the oil are still sewer. Unless these "self-changers" can HON. CHARLES A. VANIK intact. Through a rerefining process the be convinced to return their waste oil to OF OHIO contaminants of the oil can be removed, convenient collection centers, we will IN ·THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the waste oil-now reconditioned­ continue to suffer a chronic pollution of can be used again as a lubricating oil. the atmosphere from indiscriminate Wednesday, July 21, 1976 Because of a number of economic and disposal. Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker; on May 18, a regulatory causes, the rerefining industry This collection problem is exactly Cincinnati environmental group and the today is quite small. Each year our Na­ what the Cincinnati waste oil recovery Standard Oil Co. of Ohio teamed to­ tion produces approximately 1.1 billion experiment is designed to solve. Eight or gether to launch a bold and innovative gallons of waste oil, but the rerefining nine months ago, representatives of a program to recover and recycle waste oil industry has an annual capacity of only local environmental group in Cincinnati, generated in the Greater Cincinnati area. about 200 million gallons per year. A called the Cincinnati Experience, ap­ As I have outlined to my colleagues on major reason rerefiners are having such proached representatives of the Stand­ many occasions, waste oil is a serious a difficult time is that they have no guar­ ard Oil Co. of Ohio with a proposal to use threat to the environment when it is dis­ anteed source of waste oil. company-owned stations as waste oil posed improperly. The primary source of As I have noted, the primary source of collection centers. After evaluating the waste oil is the automobile. Each time a waste oil is the automobile. However, up proposal, the Sohio representatives motorist decides to have his oil changed, to 40 percent of all drivers change their agreed to use 64 company-owned sta­ 4 or 5 quarts of waste oil is generated. own oil. Exactly what they do with the tions in the greater Cincinnati area as July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23553 collection centers. The major thrust of tain who yearn for the freedoms we tries $12 a barrel for their crude oil. But the program was designed to provide sometimes take for granted. instead we only buy American oil at a those people who change their own oil Alexandr Solzhenitsyn noted so elo­ $5.25 a barrel because of price controls. with a convenient place to dispose their quently: Everyone who understands energy oil. New generations are growing up which are realizes that gas on a comparative Btu The program was initiated on May 18 steadfast in their struggle with evil; which basis should be receiving $1.80 Mcf given are not willing to accept unprincipled com­ when Sohio's president, Charles Spahr, promises; which prefer to lose everything­ the world oil price. But instead price poured the first quart of waste oil into salary, conditions of existence and life it­ controls it at 55 cents. American oil and a station storage tank. Major publicity self-but are not willing to sacrifice con­ gas must move and sell at the natural for the program has been conducted science. nor willing to make deals with evil. world price. Our congressional artificial through public service· broadcasts devel­ . . . Whenever you help the persons per­ price controls and barriers have caused oped by the Cincinnati Experience. Each secuted in the Soviet Union, you not only the United States to become more and of the 6 rter well as political realities. by, or and local government employees. "(2) under contract as a broadcaster or re­ For the Pickle amendment to reduce the Mr. Speaker, our 200th birthday was porter with, taxable wage base to $6,000 (as opposed to an event celebrated by people around the any broadcasting station or any newspaper $8,000 in the bill). world. But there are those who could not or periodical circulated to the general public Against the Corman amendment to estab­ join in the festivities; who could not and such person takes such act ion as a re­ lish a federal minimum benefit standard share our joy; who, in their daily lives, sult of any broadcasting or reportorial work (50 % of weekly wage or % State average). do not share our freedoms. carried on by such individual for such sta­ For the Sisk amendment to prohibit pay­ ment of unemployment compensation to il­ It is they we remember this week. For tion, newspaper, or periodical in the course them, the light of freedom should be held of such employment or under such contract, legal aliens and professional athletes. such person shall be fined not more than For the Burlison amendment to expand the against the black night of totalitarian­ $100,000, or imprisoned not more than 50 purpo"ses of the National Com.mission on Un­ ism. Although we have won and kept our years, or both; and if death results such employment Compensation to examine prob­ liberty for 200 yea:rs, in the largest sense person shall be subject to imprisonment for lems of fraud and abuse in unemployment our task is not done. The example we set any term of years or life. compensation programs and present meas­ will be viewed by the world's oppressed "(b) If there is probable cause to believe ures for preventing fraud. as a token of our commitment to freed om that any person has violated this section, For the duPont amendment to expand the purposes of the National Commission on Un­ for all people. the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall We should not disappoint them. conduct an investigation of such violation. employment Compensation by reorganizing " ( c) For the purposes of this section, the the ways in which unemployment statistics term- are gathered and used. .. ( 1) 'broadcasting station' means any broadcasting station as defined by section CONTINUING THREAT TO THE 3dd of the Federal Communication Act (47 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH KOREA u.s.c. 153dd)' CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK "(2) 'broadcaster' means any individual who broadcasts material normally reported in HON. JOHN M. MURPHY a newspaper, news periodical, or newscast HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO 011' NEW YORK and includes any individual who orally pre­ OF NEW JERSEY sents such material in any broadcast, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "(3) 'broadcasting' means any broadcast­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 ing as defined by section 3 ( o) of the Federal Wednesday, July 21, 1976 Communication Act (47 U.S.C. 1!>3(a)) and Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr includes the act of orally presenting any ma­ Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, this week Speaker, a brief article on the inter­ terial by means of the dissemination of radio we are commemorating the 18th anni­ national news wires recently brings into communication, versary of Captive Nations Week. I join sharp focus the continuing threat to the "(4) 'reporter' means any individual who with my colleagues in offering moral sup­ Republic of South Korea. Prior to th~ investigates, gathers, or writes material nor­ port and encouragement to captive na­ House debate on the Security Assistance mally reported in a newspaper, news periodi­ tions throughout the world. cal, or newscast, and Act, there was a lengthy colloquy in this "(5) 'reportorial work' means the lawful In the last 65 years, we have made tre­ chamber, led by Mr. WILSON of Cali­ investigation or gathering, or writing of in­ mendous advances in science, medicine, fornia and myself, on the true facts con­ formation for purposes of reporting material and technology; the first quarter of our cerning the security and stability of the normally reported in a newspaper, news century witnessed a flowering of the arts Republic of Korea itself, and that na­ periodical, or newscast.". and literature to rival the age of Shake­ tion's interrelationships with all the SEC. 2. The table of sections of chapter 13 speare; we Americans have sat in our other countries of East Asia. of title 18, United States Code, is amended livingrooms and watched a man walk on The news article I refer to concerns by adding at the end thereof the following the Moon. new item: the deaths of three soldiers of the Army Yet mill.ions of people are denied the of the Republic of Korea, killed in de­ "246. Protection of broadcasters and re­ right of choosing their own governments; porters.". f ending their country from armed in­ they are restrained from practicing the filtrators from North Korea. religion of their choice; they are pro­ The point is quite clear: there still hibited from emigrating to other coun­ remains in Korea an undeclared war. tries. Whether it is in the Baltic States, North Korean Dictator Kim Il-Sung has PERSONAL EXPLANATION China, Southeast Asia, Africa, or Eastern plainly stated that the only thing which Europe, these people live in constant fear deters him from descending upon the of arrest and persecution. South is an American presence, the re­ HON. ALLAN T. HOWE These· captive people should not and moval of which will signal the absorbtion OF UTAH must not be forgotten. To this day, they of yet another democracy into the Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have resisted the totalitarian regimes im­ munist pit. posed by Communists. I believe they will Thursday, July 22, 1976 In my earlier remarks, I outlined in continue to resist so long as they have a considerable detail the concerns of other Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, on July 19 ray of hope that they are not forgotten governments, particularly in Asia, that and 20, the House of Representatives by the free peoples of the world. any display of weakness by the United amended and passed H.R. 10210, the Un­ Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn, who knows States in upholding its commitments to employment Compensation Act Amend­ the cruelty and injustice of Moscow, has South Korea could be viewed as vacilla­ ments of 1976. I regret that I could not said that "in communism, this whole cre­ tion in other similar commitments be present for the voting. Unfortunately, ated being-man-is reduced to matter." throughout Asia. Those concerns have I had to be in Salt Lake City, Utah, at Especially now, as the U.S. Congress been echoed again and again by leaders that time for my trial. Knowing I would commemorates the captive nations, we of many nations, particularly members be absent, I arranged ahead of time to must reaffirm our belief in this "whole of the House of Representatives of Japan, have myself paired on each of the votes, created being" and in the fundamental and by leading newspapers around the but unfortunately there were not enough doctrine enunciated 200 years ago by world. ' pairs to balance mine and I was not rec­ Thomas Jeff erson: that governments de­ It was necessary that this Congress orded. I would now like to insert for the rive their just powers from the consent support to its fullest extent the Inter­ RECORD the votes I would have cast if I of the governed. national Security Assistance and Arms had been here: The United States must not forsake Export Control Act of 1976, and it is For the rule. these fundamental beliefs for the phan­ most fortunate that the Congress met For the Ullman amendment to require cov ­ tasm of detente. We h ave never approved that challenge after a full airing of our erage of agricultural workers of employers of Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe, individual differences. July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23555 But we cannot stop with simple :finan­ As you correctly noted in your remarks, the every phase of daily life of the people of the cial aid. The perfidy of the North is an Washington Post refused to publish m y lett er Republic of Korea and can never be ignored. ever-growing legend, and the Asian on the grounds that it was too long. In view To ignore it would be to invite disaster. of the type of news published in the Wash­ The secret tunnels constructed by North neighbors of both Koreas and increasing­ ington Post I believe that was only a pre­ Korea under the Demilitarized Zone could ly concerned about the maintenance of text--especially as a Sunday edition of the be for only one purpose-for a surprise at­ peace, security, and stability in the Post often weighs nearly four pounds. tack on the Republic of Korea-but the tun­ Korean peninsula. Any threat to these­ Our Diet group, the Seirankai, has be.en se­ nels are only one example, though a dramatic curity of South Korea is a direct threat riously concerned about the situation in one, of a wide range of constant threats by to the peace and stability of Japan and South Korea ever since the collapse of the the North Korean Government towards the the rest of East Asia. Government of South Vietnam in April 1975, Republic of Korea. Actions of the North Ko­ As one sage stated, "The price of lib­ for the security of South Korea is directly rean Government provide continuing in­ linked to the peace and security of Japan. dications that North Korea would again erty is eternal vigilence," and if I might Last November, 1975, one group sent a letter invade the Republic of Korea if a suitable add a thought to that: Our eternal vigi­ to a number of American Congressmen to opportunity should arise. We anticipate lance must continue in a well-informed express our concern. The letter was sent to these threats to the peace and security of the environment. all members of the Senate Armed Services Republic of Korea will continue for the fore­ We Americans of the Western Hemis­ Committee, the Senate Foreign Relations seeable future and any sign of weakness or phere can hardly begin to fully under­ Committee, the House Armed Services Com­ any lessening of vigilance by the Republic mittee and the House International Relat ions of Korea, its allies and supporters could stand the back~ound, culture, and Committee. Since you are concerned about invite another invasion by North Korean development of Eastern thought, govern­ the same situation, and as our concern here military forces, large elements of which are ment, and social and economic ap­ has not lessened, I am enclosing a copy of stationed near the Demilitarired Zone. In proaches to global unity. But we are that letter for your information. our view, any threat from North Korea to­ offered a unique opportunity to enter into Professor Johnson has also shown me the wards the Republic of Korea should be re­ an exchange of information with many debate in your House of Representatives on garded with the utmost seriousness. distinguished leaders of the Japanese June 2, 1976 when restrictions on military At the time of the collapse of the Repub­ is aid and food allotments to South Korea were lic of Viet Nam, there was great apprehen­ Diet, a government which very directly debated. I am deeply impressed by the very sion, not to say alarm, in both Japan a.nd the a'ffected by any :flexion of international able and understanding defense of South Ko­ Republic of Korea as to the intentions and attitudes toward either North or South rea:s position which you, Congressman Der­ to the continued role and presence of the Korea, or the continuing conflict between winski, Congressman Zablocki, and Congress­ United States in Ea.:.-t Asia and particularly the two. man Charles H. Wilson made of South Ko· in the Republic of Korea. Threatening state­ The impact of that con:flict is no more rea's position and needs. ments by North Korean leaders, especially evident than in the news article I re­ I am wondering if there m~y be ways in those of Kim II-sung during his visit to Pek­ f err¢ to: Men are dying at gunpoint, by which our group, the Seirankai, could assist ing in May, 1975, added to rising apprehen­ you and other American Congressmen in, ( 1) • sions in both Japan and the Republic of handgrenades, and from ambush, in this defending the position of South Korea., (2), Korea. The statements of Kim II-Sung during continuing attempt to keep South Korea creating in the United States a better under­ his visits to Peking, Africa and Europe dur­ free. standing of the basic issues in South Korea ing this past spring, 19'75, are not forgotten But we are not alone in our concern and, (3), developing in the U.S. an under­ here. Statements of support for the Repub­ that the R,epublic of Korea should re­ standing how vital South Korea is in the de­ lic of Korea from President Ford, Secretary main apart from the Communist ag­ fense of East Asia. Our group is concei:_ned of State Kissinger and ex-Secretary or De­ gressors. I have received a continuing about the rapid increase of Soviet military fense Schlesinger helped to allay to some power in East Asia, especially the increase extent some of the stronger fears and ap­ :flow of mail from leading legislators of in submarines, other types of naval power prehensions of political leaders in Ja.pan and Japan and other countries, in support and air power. Our basic concern is the peace the Republic of Korea. The statements of ex­ of our continuing presence and advocacy and security of Japan but the peace and Secretary of Defense Schlesinger were of a stable and secure Korean peninsula. security of Japan, are one element in the especially appreciated. But, if we may speak I bring to your attention some of these peace, security and defense of East Asia. frankly, despite the statements of President letters which show the obvious concern Our national interests are deeply involved Ford, Secretary of State Kissinger and ex­ and continued interest of the leaders of in this total complex of factors. So I will Secretary of Defense Schlesinger, a certain the Japanese Government, as well as be interested in hearing from you as to any creditability gap remained. Confidence in the type of cooperation which we might jointly intentions of the United States concerning news articles from the Korea Herald, the undertake, even if it is only a greater ex­ peace and security in the Republic of Korea. China News, and others. Our Pacific change of information which may be helpful and East Asia improved during the summer allies are making it abundantly clear to all concerned. and early autumn of this year, especially that there is considerable support for an With best personal wishes, after the visit of Prime Minister Miki to American presence to continue in South Sincerely, Washington in August, but the events in EIICHI NAKAO, Washington of the first week of November Korea. It is such hard evidence as this have had an unsettling effect here. Now the that brings to the forefront our need to Representative, Yamanashi Prefecture, Chairman, Seirankai. fears and concerns as to the intentions of J:"emain resolutely behind the Republic t he United States which were so strong at the of Korea in the defense of its sovereignty t ime of the collapse of the Republic of Viet and its very life and existence, in the face HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Nam are appearing again. Once more, ques­ of mounting pressure from the North. Tokyo, Japan, November 21, 1975. tions as to how to best defend Japan, the HOUSE OF REPRESENT.'\TIVES, We are writing this letter to you as repre­ Republic of Korea and this area of East Tok'!fo, June 18, 1976. sentatives of a group of concerned mem­ Asia are being debated and are of growing Hon. JOHN M. MURPHY, bers of The Japanese National Diet, the na­ concern to political leaders here. In these Rayburn House Office Building, tional legislature of Japan. Our group, con­ discussions and debates the intentions of the Washington, D.C. sisting of twenty-eight members, is known United States are of major concern. DEAR MR. MURPHY : Professor Victor John­ as the Seirankai and is one element of the The National Diet of Japan has ultimate son has shown me the Special Order discus­ Liberal-Democratic Party which forms the responsibility for the defense and security of sion concerning Korea in the House of Repre­ present Cabinet. our country. As members of the Diet we give sentatives· on May 24, 1976 in the Congres­ Our group is deeply concerned about the paramount consideration to those factors. sional Record for that day. Let me say, I have maintenance of peace, security and stability The defense and security of Japan are based greatly appreciated and enjoyed your re­ in the Republic of Korea. Most of the mem­ on the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty. The marks in that discussion. bers of our group have visited the Republic safety and defense of Korea are also matters I am glad that- my letter to the Washington of Korea in recent months and we have re­ of major importance in the defense of Japan. Post was usefu l to you. The editorial in the turned with feelings of deep concern about The security treaty between the United Washington Post March 19, 1976, to which the future maintenance of peace, security Stat es am: the Republic of Korea is likewise my letter was a response, was really a vicious and stability there. As conditions in Korea a major factor in the defense of Korea. Con­ attack on President Park of South Korea are related to various factors affecting the sequently, as you a.re undoubtedly aware, the and, since the United States is an ally of safety and welfare of Japan, our concern intentions, actions and anticipated actions, South Korea, the editorial was a surprise to about conditions in Korea is all the greater. of the United States in the event of any at­ us in Japan. So far as I am personally con­ Our recent visits to the Republic of Korea tack on the Republic of Korea are matters of cerned, the Washington Post fails to realize have shown that the press and other ele­ great concern to us. Because of these circum­ that the basic issue in South K<>Tea is na­ ments of the mass media have not presented stances we have resorted to this direct ex­ tional survival. The readiness of North Ko­ a balanced view of the real situation there. pression of our concern to you, for as a mem­ rea. to again invade South Korea is ignored We feel that the threat of invasion by North ber of the Congress of the United States your by the Washington Post and a number of Korea is a very real and ever-present duties bring you into close study of the mat­ other American and Japanese newspapers. threat. The threat of invasion conditions ters set forth here. 23556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 Please be assured we do not intend to in­ day. S. Sgt. Kim Song-jo, 30, of the 2032nd markable engineering feat and tribute not terfere in any way in the internal affairs of Army Unit and his ambush squad encoun­ only to the abillties of north Korean Ininers, the United States. However, we believe that tered a vague shape moving before them in but also to the capab111ties of the Swedish the peace and security of the Republic of dense fog. As soon as Sgt. Kim challenged, the mining equipment which constructed it-­ Korea affect the vital interests of the United vague figure began to run. Kim ordered all­ and for which the Swedes have yet to be States as much as they do the vital interests out fire and throwing a hand grenade. paid. of Japan, the Republic of Korea itself and About 3.5km long, the tunnel was within the whole of East Asia. We are among those JUNE 8, 1976. 300 meters of its planned breakout point who believe that a threat to the peace any Hon. JOHN M. MURPHY, when the south Koreans, alerted by informa­ place is a threat to the peace everywhere. As House of Representatives, tion from two north Korean army defectors, Governor Brown of California recently said Washington, D.O. discovered it. Another tunnel, almost finished at a luncheon in San Francisco for the Em­ DEAR Sm: I have just returned from was discovered earlier a few kilometers west peror and Empress of Japan, "the world is another visit to South Korea which I have of Panmunjom. becoming a global village". We concur in the visited both in my capacity as a theologian The south Koreans say there is a high sentiment expressed by Governor Brown and as a psychiatrist, I have found the Ko­ probab111ty of their being 100 tunnels other especially in respect to the maintenance of rean people, as always, delighting in the joy than the two they have intercepted and peace. of God-given freedom and ever-thankful for that five more are suspected. We have had some hesitation about writing the continued support of the American peo­ American offi.cers say the ROK people a.re to you concerning these matters, but the ple. At times, however, many of our friends being devious and that they know the pre­ :gress of events is such that we have decided there do express concern at some of the re­ cise location of all the other north Korean that a direct exchange of opinions with some cent statements made by misinformed mem­ excavations and have tne entire 260km bor­ of our counterparts in the Congress of the bers of our government who eX'press the der wired for sound so they can immediate­ United States, especially those concerned opinion that we should consider withdraw­ ly detect any renewed north Korean sub­ with these matters in the course of their leg­ ing our troops and support from Sou th terranean activity. islative duties, will be the most expenditious Korea. Such an act would, in effect, be "You can tell them we have a suitable wel­ and most helpful types of communication at leaving them to the mercy of the nearby come prepared for the north Koreans," said this time. With this is mind, we hope you merciless Communist aggressors, although I Maj. Park Yong-ho after we inspected the w111 understand why we have taken these am convinced that the South Koreans would tunnel. And from the numbers of tanks, field matters up with you directly. valiantly fight to the last man to preserve pieces and other works around us, he seemed If you can do so, we will greatly appreciate the freedom they have won and treasure so to have thought of most things appropriate hearing from you as to your personal views much. f9r a military reception. and opinions of the matters discussed in this I am writing to all members of our gov­ Entrance to the Chorwon Tunnel is down letter. Your views and opinions will be of ernment to express my personal concern an intersecting shaft dug last year above the assistance to us when considering what for the people of South Korea, and to urge point at which the north Koreans had pro­ course Japan should take in these same mat­ that you personally do everything you can posed to build four or five separate exits. ters in the period ahead. to see that we continue to support and de­ 108M BELOW SURFACE With all good wishes, we are, fend South Korea as well as other freedom­ The hllls surrounding the area are very Yours most sincerely, loving nations which currently are being steep and rise to about 500 meters above sea MiCHIO WATANABE. threat ened by the Janus-like and perfidious level. The entrance is about 150 meters in­ IcHmo NAKAGAWA. monster of Communism. side the DMZ where both sides have agreed KAzuo TAMA.KI. The people of South Korea are some of to place no fortifications though the ulti­ EIICHI NAKAO. the warmest, most devoted to freedom, and mate exit points were to have been 150 most supportive of the United States that I meters south of the south Korean barbed have ever know in anJ part of the world. I THREE SOLDIERS LAID TO REST wire delineating the southern edge of the believe we have a moral obligation to do all DMZ. The remains of the three ROK Army sol­ that may be required on their behalf, and I Rough steps have been formed in the diers who were killed in a counterinfl.ltration earnestly seek your support in t h is regard. rather narrow intersecting tunnel which operation at the mideastern front over last If I can help in any way, I would be de­ descends quite steeply to a point 108 meters weekend were buried yesterday at the Na­ lighted to correspond with you further on below the surface. tional Cemetery, Tongjaktong, Seoul, in a this matter. At the 108-meter level one enters the north solemn funeral ceremony sponsored by the With warm greetings, Korean tunnel, a massive affairs in which a Army. BASIL JACKSON, M.D. long line of electric bulbs disappears into the A eulogy made by a representative "of the gloom in either direction. To the right, 300 2102nd Army Unit, the home of the unfortu­ [From the Korea Herald, July 4, 1976] meters away, is the point at which the north nate trio, spoke highly of their courageous TuNNEL AKIN TO WOODEN HORSE Korean diggers had to stop their labors when confrontation with the Communist agents (By Frank Cranston) the ROK troops began to drill the inter­ and renewed the unit's will to fight to the section. last for the defense of the country. If ever they hold a competition to select The tunnel, which the ROK people say Their first encounter with the three-man the loneliest place in the world, there will could take three average-sized Korean in­ band of armed north Korean agents was last obviously be many entries, but my money fantry men abreast, is drilled through solid Saturday night. It came after Sgt. Min will be on a spot few would select--about granite and in one's admiration for the engi­ Kyong-un, 25 and Pvt. Kim Chong-myong 100 meters underground and some 800 meters neering it ls easy to overlook that it repre­ sighted a suspicious man in military uniform from the Ugh t of the sun. sents also probably one of the most massive hiding in bush at 6:40 p .m. just south of the The place is directly under the median line examples of political cynicism since the Demilitarized Zone. of the Demilltarized Zone, which has sepa­ Wooden Horse. Sgt. Min and Pvt. Kim were on their way rated south Korea from its northern neigh­ According to two north Koreans who back to their guard post after receiving ra­ bor since the long intermission in the sus­ slipped across the DMZ into the south, Kim tions from their platoon camp. Min immedi­ pended Korean War, which began in 1950. Pu-song and Yu Tae-yon, work on the tun­ ately covered the man with his M16 rifle and Two smart-looking Republic of Korea nels was started in July 1972, at a time when sent Kim to his platoon headquarters, some soldie·rs, who stand guard underground near north Korea had agreed to hold dialogue 300 meters away, to report. His platoon leader Chorwon, about 100km northeast of the with south Korea the ultimate objective of 2nd Lt. Pak Chae-won, 24, received the south Korea capital, Seoul, are about two which was the reunification of the country. report. meters from their potential adversaries. How­ With the mandatory steel helmet extend­ Pak immediately formed two search squads ever, they cannot be shot at or harassed, ing my height to about 2.1 meters I was able and kept a tight cordon around the suspected as are the Americans and sou th Koreans at to walk without stooping down for almost area. By creeping, Lt. Pak neared the bush Panmunjom from time to time, because the the whole length of our march. At most for up to 7 meters. He exclaimed, "Hands up two meters between them and the north is points my outstretched arms could not touch and come out," but there was no response. the concrete block in an extraordinary ex­ the sides which, at most places, are about The platoon leader fired a blank shot and cavation dug by the north Koreans as part 2.2 meters apart. then ordered all-out fire with the ensuing of an invasion plan to which they might The major demonstrated also that the silence. still see as of strategic viabillty. holes drilled for explosives invariably pointed One of the ROK soldiers was hit. So Lt. What the two south Korean soldiers can south. Pak ordered his men to throw hand grenades never know is when the north will detonate About 600 meters from the entrance to the and then the Communists threw two back. a huge explosive charge designed to bring main tunnel it suddenly widened out into a After a while, the shoot-out was ended leav­ the tunnel crashing in upon them. Seven small chamber about four meters wide and ing one dead enemy, three ruclcsacks, a Jap­ south Korean soldiers were killed by booby­ maybe five meters long. This the major ex­ anese camera, 31 rolls of unused film and an traps hastily installed in the workings by plained, was probably a rest area or a passing AK rifle. the northerners as they fled last year. point for equipment along the. narrow-gauge The second Communist agent was found at The Chorwon tunnel, which I visited re­ railway which had been laid but removed by a nearby Army unit at around 4: 10 a..m. Mon- cently during a tour of south Korea, is a .re- the northerners as they withdrew. July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23557 Just a few meters further along was an­ many of its Chinese continue to be strongly than its neighboring region to the south. other chamber, about three times as large as opposed to Communism and to side with the Those who are not alone and realize they the first. In this, to one side. ate two big con­ free Chinese government on Taiwan. cannot survive alone are much less likely crete platforms with threaded steel bolts The Thais also feel increasing pressure to become dominoes. embedded in them, the site apparently for from Communtst insurgents. aµ- compressors, lathes or some other equip­ Yet Thailand sent the Americans packing ment. and now stands alone. Talk of making And further along the concrete wall is ASEAN into a military alliance is not likely equipment with which the two ROK soldiers to save Bangkok. WOMEN AND THE JUDICIARY are able to communlcatt! by telephone to The Thai decision to break the American the surface and sounds which might come connection was ostensibly an outgrowth of through. U.S. retreat from Indochina. HON. BELLA S: ABZUG The cool calm of the t\lnnel contrasted Most free Asians do not condone the OF NEW YORK sharply With the heat of northern summer American withdrawal from South Vietnam, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the bustle of the world we ha.d left as Cambodia and Laos. It was hasty. Promises the major explained some more details of were not kept. Thursday, July 22, 1976 the workings. At the same time, the whole of the blame Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, Jimmy Car­ Nowhere in modern military history is cannot be placed on U.S. shoulders. ter has pledged to appoint more women there anything to match this massive work. There were also indigenous failures. If the The investment in labor and money must defenders of free Indochina had fought as to high Federal positions, including the have been enormous and was multiplied hard as their attackers, the Americans might Federal bench, when he becomes Presi­ many times along the border as the Pyony­ not have departed. dent. Regrettably, the same cannot be yang authorities talked unification on the The United States did not wish to leave said for the incumbent, who had-and surface and prepared to do something about Thailand. It stood ready to provide exten­ :tlubbed-his chance to demonstrate a their version of it under the ground. sive air and naval support. similar commitment when William 0. Seoul authorities estimate that about 15,- Yet the Thais somehow construed any Douglas resigned from the Supreme 000 workers were employed on the tunnel American presence as an invitation to the Court last year. project, being held incommunicado from Communists to send in their guerrillas and their own villages and housed in special con­ attempt to organize insurgent armies. The current issue of Juris Doctor in­ struction camps during their labors. The Is the absence of the Americans making cludes an excellent article on this sub­ diversion of economic resources adversely af­ any difference in the Communist intention? ject by Emily Jane Goodman, a promi­ fected north Korea's near-bankrupt economy. The Philippines is bargaining With the nent attorney in New York. I think that It was part of a plan, the defectors said, Americans about the U.S. air and naval it is well worth reading and include it in for a blitzkrieg offensive against south Ko­ presence. Not only do the Filipinos want more the RECORD at this point: money and more control; they also want the rea in which the objective was the m111tary THE BOYS ON THE BENCH and political destruction of the ROK Within Americans to depart Within a few years. about three days. Again, there seems to be a presumption (By Emily Jane Goodman) STRATEGIC VALUES that the country which stands alone Will Summer of 1976. The Bicentennial. And not have to fight the Communists. the Supreme Court of the United States re­ The first waves of troops through the tun­ This is true only if the country is pre­ mains a private club. For men only. nels were to have been the 56,000 specially­ pared to surrender. The profession of law has always been trained guerrillas in north Korea's order of Japan is potentially the strongest coun­ and still is dominated by men, the minority battle. They were to have harassed the ROK try in Asia. If the Japanese rearm, they Will sex. We are a nation of laws made, inter­ lines from behind, creating confusion and have the capability of resisting any con­ preted, and enforced by men. Women-law­ chaos while the main bodies of 490,000 regu­ ceivable Communist attack and containing yers and nonlawyers--suffer because of the lar troops came through tunnels or. with any insurgency. boys' club atmosphere surrounding the legal their armor, crashing through the followed Bwt the Japanese are not asking the profession, and therefore our laws. The bar by up to three million reservists of one sort has institutionalized the inferior status of or another. Americans to leave. They know when they are wen off-end well defended. women. Nowhere is that clearer than in the The tragedies inherent in it all are ma.ni­ judiciary. fest--the cost to north Korea, the extreme The South Korean.s are directly under the gun. Their danger is more immediate than Of course, despite recent, now defunct, wariness With which Seoul must now view rumors that a woman would be appointed to any "peace" overture from Pyongyang and the that of the Philippines, Malaysia or Thailand. the Supreme Court, no female has ever sat resources south Korea must divert to main­ on that lofty bench. In addition, courts all taining 100 per cent mllitary preparedness Seoul is not invtting the Americans oo go. To the contrary, the Koreans are doing around the country, on every level, in every and efficiency. jurisdiction, are sex segregated. The judiciary As we reemerged into the sunshine, panting everything in their power to persuade U.S. forces to remain on guard along the 38th appears to have its own quota, a ratio of more at the pace With which the major ha.d led than 99 to one. us back up the intersection tunnel, it was parallel. This does not reflect weakness on the • The total number of women judges in the time to gaze ba~k up the hills toward the United States district courts is three, and in huge United Nations flag which marks one part of the Republic of Korea. Its armed forces are the biggest and strongest among the circuit courts of appeals one. Statistical of the check points, to the barbed-wire fence presence of women judges in state court sys­ which runs along the median line, and the the free countries Of East Asia. What the Koreans understand-as per­ tems is similar. In New York, for example, yellow flags which delineate it. To gaze and there has never been a woman on the high­ wonder at the slaughter which would have haps some of our other neighbors do not-­ is that U.S. support is essential if war is est court, the court of appeals, or the inter­ occurred had it been tried. mediary appellate bench. In Ma.nhattan­ As we drove back through the DMZ and to be averted. North Korea is biding its time, hoping "The Big Apple"-there are three women in then through the nortn of the south Korean the supreme court, one in criminal court, fortifications, the tranquility of the rice that the United States Will depart again, as it did in 1949. Behind the Communists two in court of claims (narcotics), two in civil paddies seemed to belie that war could have court. There are, however, and perhaps pre­ easily started here. of Kim II-Sung are those of Peking and Moscow. dictably, a number (though not a great enough number) of women judges in family [From the China News, June 30, 1976) Whether the Chinese and Russian Com­ munists want another Korean war is be­ court. UNITED STATES AND ASIAN DEFENSE side the point. If one breaks out, they Will There is no shortage of reasons for the lack Why do such countries as Malaysia, Thai­ be compelled to support it. of women on the bench. Women have been excluded from the resource pool from which land and the Philippines insist on fighting America keeps the peace in Kore~and communism With one hand tied behind in the Taiwan Straits as well. A:lthough U.S. judges are selected or elected. The most ob­ their back? forces in Taiwan number only 2300, they vious reason is there are few women attor­ All three recognized the Chinese Commu­ symbolize the existence of the mutual as­ neys; even today only 7 percent of the nists despite the knowledgeable and wen­ sistance treaty between the United States profession is female. An even smaller per­ intentioned counsel of this country. and the Republic of Ohina and of the U.S. centage of women lawyers are found in Former Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rah­ Taiwan Defense Command. The Commu­ positions that attract the prestige, money, man has since admitted that Malaysia's de­ and political connections that make judges. cision was a mistake. nists will not attack so long as these are in Despite the ongoing debates as to whether As things are going, Malaysia may soon be place. judges should be appointed or elected, the involved in an all-out anti-Communist war. Southeast Asia has misjudged the Ameri­ distinction appears to be irrelevant in terms The Chinese Communists are busily en­ cans by- regarding Indochina as proof that of how many women judge3 either system gaged in boring from Within. the United States will never again fight for produces. In many jurisdictions there is a Officially, the barrier provided by the Re­ and with others. complex screening machinery for judicial ap­ public of China is gone. One of Malaysia's Northeast Asia has not made , the same pointments- and pre-election selection by a principal assets, however, 1s the fa.ct that mistake and consequently is more secure variety of good government, special execu- 23558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 tive, or legislative blue-ribbon panels and and legal system so that women cease being were in the best tradition of instilling bar associations. These, too, was likely to be an oppressed majority. youth with respect for our Nation and male dominated. Within these so-ca.U.ed re­ It ls unfortunately true that even with so its environment. While Gordon Polkow form schemes, the patterns and ways of dis­ few women judges, some of them have al­ crimination a.re not always apparent. ready been accused by people both in and did not live a long life, he nonetheless For example, every potential New York out of the women's movement of adopting gained great satisfaction from witness­ judge, male or even female, is "invited" to be "ma.le values," being "male identified," play­ ing his investment in America's future interviewed by the prestigious Bar Associa­ ing the pa.rt of the one who's "ma.de it," and bear fruit as the boys he influenced and tion of the City of New York. But the' only showing insensitivity for litigants and lack inspired grew to manhood and took their candidates referred by the judge makers to of judicial temperament in, for instance, places in their cummunities. Gordon Pol­ the Women's Bar Association for interview family court and criminal cases. It is fair to kow's living legacy is more valuable than are female aspirants, some of whom will be ask why women should be expected to be screened out by their sisters. (Similarly, more brilliant, better looking, a.nd also inore any material bequest, for in giving so white male would-be judges a.re not referred just than their brothers. generously of himself to Geneva's youth, to, let us say, the ·Harlem Lawyers Association Allowed to use their unique experience in effect he will continue to be a posi­ or the Puerto Rican Bar Association.) There­ and follow their own value system-up to tive force for years to come. fore, every woman judge will have been ap­ now inculcated for the wrong. Victorian, and proved by men and women. But potential ma.le-benefiting reasons-women may bring male judges will not have even appeared be­ to the bench a. more fundamental fairness fore the women's. profes.siona.l organizations. which could become our society's prevailing The effect may be to have women do some of value for the right reasons. Evidence indicat­ THE NORTHEAST-OUR NEW the "dirty work" by rating a.nd eliminating ing that women have different values is al­ APPALACfilA? from further consideration perhaps one or ready developing. A recent study showed two out of three women lawyers; but in this congresswomen voting less for military ex­ process the women at the ba.r will not have penditures than their male colleagues. It HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON been given the opportunity to apply their may be that women in our legislatures and OF MASSACHUSETTS standards to ma.le aspirants. our courts will say, "We reject' the govern­ In addition to the institutionalized ob­ ing property laws that force us to evict IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stacles to keep women out of court, there is people who cannot pay their rent (in a so­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 also "special" discriminatory treatment re­ ciety which does not give them jobs)" or served for the few women who do approach "Our laws permitting a. husband to rape or Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, on the bench or ascend to judgeships. As lllus­ beat his wife because she ls his property July 11, 1976, the Boston Sunday Globe trations: must fall." published a.n article entitled "The North­ Judge Nanette Dembitz, while seeking to Feminists, in the legal profession or not, east-Our New Appalachia?" The arti­ run for a. seat on New York's court of appeals, a.re concerned not only with placing women cle, authored by Martin Nolan, demon­ was asked by the state bar association how in key positions but also with the ap­ she could also manage her family. strates the increasing alarm that has pointees' or electees' positions on feminist been developing in response to the con­ A United States district court judge was issues. It is said that it ls not the judge's asked in a similar interview what she would role to hold preconceived opinions. tinued economic decline of the industrial wear if appointed to the bench. However, judicial candidates run or are Northeast. Mr. Nolan compares the San Francisco Municipal Court Judge Ollie appointed on the basis of their commitments blighted urban areas of the Northeast Marie-Victoire was removed from sitting on to political parties, political ideas, and pa.st to the rural Appalachian region, a com­ prostitution cases because of her pattern of achievements. The bench is hardly apolotica.1. parison which in 1976 finds the North­ dismissing them on grounds of anti-woman In the case of our newest Supreme Court selective prosecution and denial of equal east wanting. appointee, Associate Justice John Paul Mr. Nolan correctly perceives that the protection. Stevens, his lack of support for women's Judge Constance Baker Motley, of the fed­ rights and equality was express and explicit. balance-of-payments disparity, by which eral district court in New York, was asked Even if women a.re not inherently more the northern industrial States pay out by the defendants in a sex discrimination "moral" or "better" l.'eople, we must chal­ billions more in taxes than they receive case to disqualify herself on the basis of lenge and eliminate the basic sexual and in Federal outlays, has become a pro­ being a woman. economic reasons that have been used by hibitive drain on the economy of the Chief Justice Susie Sharp, of the North men in power to keep women and other "out­ Carolina. Supreme Court, was told by an at­ mature industrial regions. The time has siders" out of our governing institutions, in­ come for a reversal of this inequitable torney in her trial court, "Honey, I don't cluding law anµ the legal system. In this think you understand my case very well." situation; the resources of the Federal there is revolution. Govemment should be redirected to al­ It is obvious that no male judge or po­ Our world is treading along the edge of tential judge would be challenged ·in such disaster. There is no reason to believe that leviate the ailing economies of our oldest ways. • the men in power will retreat from their indu~trial regions, as these regions once Many women lawyers, and some men, pro­ present course. But it is possible-just pos­ used their wealth to develop the rest of foundly resent sexist attitudes from the sible-that women can literally change the the cvuntry. bench, reflected by such examples as: judges world without fal11ng into the sorrowful Mr. Nolan presents a convincing argu­ who ask the clients of women, "You're not corruption we have grown accustomed to part of women's lib, a.re you?"; judges who ment in favor of a united approach to seeing. this problem by the depressed industrial say divorcing women are lucky to have any Law, and particularly the judiciary, ls a men; judges who pinch the faces of women logical area. in which this can happen. States involved. He indicates there is lawyers appearing before them, who comment The bar may not yet take the demands of hope for some relief in the future by on their skirts, legs, boots, pants, or ha.ts, feminism seriously. But a woman's work citing the Democratic Party platform's and who ask, "Are you old enough to be an is never done. pledge to redirect Federal resources to attorney?" These people don't seem to get urban areas having the gre:itest need. the point of the feminist movement. They Perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of will have to change their ways. Having women, particularly feminlsts, in this article is that it is written from a the law-including the judiciary-is bound GORDON POLKOW DEDICATED TO national perspective, in the sense that to make major changes in our legislation, in­ THE SCOUTING MOVEMENT Mr. Nolan sees the continued decline of terpretation, and enforcement. The court­ the Northeast as a detriment to the econ­ room is bound to change, too-beginning J. omy of the entire Nation, as opposed to with the aura of pervasive sexism. HON. WILLIAM STANTON an exclusively regional problem. However, the bar and its clients are mis­ OF OHIO The text of the article follows for the taken if they think-if they think about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES benefit of my colleagues: it--that feminist lawyers and their clients Thursday, July 22, 1976 [From the Boston Globe, July 11, 1976] will be satisfied merely with an occa~iona.l token woman running fol' judicial office, or Mr. J. WILLIAM STANTON. Mr. THE NORTHEAST-OUR NEW .APPALACHIA? even doubling the number of women judges Speaker, earlier this year, my district WASHINGTON.-The statistics have accu­ in a.ny local court (to two) . lost one of its truly fine citizens with the mulated in cold, gray, familiar detail: Indus­ The prospect of an occasional woman untimely death of Gordon Polkow of tries migrate, population declines, cities suf­ Judge or a few women pitted against one fer blight and an entire regional economy another for the "woman's seat" is totally un­ Geneva, Ohio. For 35 of his 47 years, Mr. stagnates. satisfactory. Moreover, prospective women Polkow was dedicated to the scouting From New England through the mid­ Judges cannot automatically count on sup­ movement, first as a Scout and then as Atlantic states, the oldest and proudest port from their sisters if they have not been the Scorttmaster of Troop 58. His tire­ quadrant of the Republic now faces a con­ advocates of meaningful change in our laws less efforts in behalf of young people dition beyond economics, involvlug sociology, July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23559 culture and political psychology. The North­ So I think that the new breed of Souther­ New England, but both regions a.re showing east ls the new Appalachia. nor resembles Jimmy Carter and I think he's a. balance-of-payments deficit, as compared With New York City as its precursor, an willing to consider aid for the older part.s of with the South and the Far West. · entire region may be on the verge of going on the country." In the "balance of payments," thlllt meas­ welfare, placed in a supplicant status by a The debate on the form of that aid has ure how much taxpayers receive in Federal scarcity of natural resources as well as by begun at a unique and ironic time in Amer­ spending for their dollars, the Northeast an­ Federal policies of aid formulas and spending. ican politics. This month, a former· peanut nually exports $10.7 blllion for which it re­ The Old South and the New Sunbelt are farmer from Georgia is expected to receive ceives nothing in return. The Midwest loses becoming the "superpowers" in national poli­ the nomination for President. With the ex­ $20 billion annually. tics and economics. The •Northeast and the ception of Lyndon Johnson, who reached the The South, meanwhile, has a favorable bal­ Midwest are a declining influence in Ameri­ White House from the Vice Presidency, a ance of trade with its northern neighbors of can society. Southerner has not been nominated for $1_1.5 billion-that is, the South receives that In the early 1960s, when the Kennedy Ad­ President by a major party since the Whigs much more in various Federal programs than ministration sponsored "depressed area" leg­ chose Zachary Taylor of Louisiana in 1848. it sends to Washington in taxes. · islation, much of the South benefited from The South has been the backwater of poli­ Massachusetts taxpayers are out-of-pocket special aid to Appalachia. But since that time tics and culture, looked down upon by much $462 million in this formula and Mississippi more and more Federal and private invest­ of the rest of the nation, and no more so taxpayers are $1.6 billion better off under ment, combined with a rapid two-way migra­ than by the very stage of Jimmy Carter's tri­ Federal spending policies. tion pattern, have left parts of the North­ umph, New York City. The world's pre-emi­ Defense spending, of course, is a major fac­ east poorer than the most remote hollow in nent citadel of urbanity has traded its silver tor with the rapid decline of northeastern Appalachia. spoon for a tin cup and when the city greets naval and air facilities and their subsequent According to Ralph R. Widner, former Jimmy Carter, it wm do so not as a haughty acceptance in the South and West. executive director of the Appalachia Regional host, but as a meek mendicant. O'Neill insists the rapid acceleration of Commission and now president of the Acad­ Jimmy Carter finished fourth in the New that process was "a political vendetta. by the emy for Contemporary Problems in Ohio, the York primary, he finished fourth in Massa­ Nixon Administration, no question about it. large cities in the Northeast and Midwest chusetts' primary. He now seems to be We lost. a.11 these shipyards because Nixon have become "the nation's new cotton fields." slighting the Northeast in a search for run­ hated the Northeast, he hated Massachusetts. Widner, who ls working with a coalition of ning mates (as indeed #are Ronald Reagan There's no question about that. But I think northern politicians notes that "the rural and GeraJd Ford) . that that was because Nixon was at heart a poor of the South and elsewhere now reside So Madison Square Garden may be an hater." in the cities of the Northeast." These migra­ Appomattox reversed, with Jimmy Carter The House majority leader then displays a tion patterns have led to the threshold. of an allowing the satraps of the subjugated prov­ leprechaun-like twinkle in his eye and says enormous political problem of restoring the ince to keep their swords and horses for "I don't think Carter can be vindictive, d~ balance of the nation's economy. spring plowing. you? He's seen the light, hasn't he?" But the resolution of regional differences But the platform on which Carter will Making sure Carter and his Southern col­ ls a form of American genius precisely 200 stand also takes into account that the leagues see the light of adjusting a.id formu­ years old. The next four presidential years Democratic Party ls still a national organi­ las has been a project of Rep. Michael J. and the next several congresses have the zation. Harrington (D-Beverly), who has been pro­ potential of producing a political and eco­ Tucked away in an innocuous corner of ducing survey after survey from the Library nomic regional harmony as far-reaching as the platform is a paragraph entitled "spe­ of Congress showing how aid formulas of the document issued by the first American cial needs of older cities." In contrast to nearly every major Federal spending agency Congress in Philadelphia. have consistently favored the South and West the low-key austerity of the rest of the over the Northeast. The cultural homogenizing of American platform this section of the party docu­ society, which has been going on for 200 ments notes that a number of large older Hartingen, who was one of the original years, is reducing rather than fortifying re­ cities, "including the nation's largest city architects of the New England Congressional gional differences. In Phoenix, city brochures have been forced to undertake even greater Caucus, a group of 25 House members now boa.st of art museums and the Phoenix Suns. talks o! expanding the caucus coalitio~ idea social responsibilities, thus leading to un­ to 14 states, from Maine to Michigan and The wealth that oil has brought to Houston precedented fiscal crises. Wisconsin. · has since brought symphony orchestras and "There ls a national interest in helping Gordie Howe. Harrington also talks of the need "to put such cities in their present travail and a our own house in order. We've got to end the Politics, however, remains a numbers game new Democratic President and Congress and sophisticated leadership seems required cutthroat competition between New York shall undertake a massive effort to do so." and Massachusetts for business, and present if regional political unity is to follow tho As some of the Hibernian flourishes in increasing cultural unity of America. a united front." that rhetoric suggest, the paragraph was Harrington notes that New England itself Northeast governors and congressmen have authored by Daniel Pa.trick Moynihan, a. begun to lobby for equalizing energy costs has not been "too much open to change Senate candidate from New York. "They're pretty uptight Yankees, a. lot of and nationalizing welfare at precisely the He sped the paragraph through the plat­ time that their older, poorer section of the them, and so we find that we educate our form drafting subcommittee headed by best young people and our best young decide country is beginning to lose its political Massachusetts Gov. Micha.el Dukakls. clout. s. to gamble somewhere else." Along with that commitment to "a. mas­ The slide of both wealth and population to Harrington applauds the effort of New York sive effort" was another para.graph on eco­ Gov. Hugh L. Carey to bring governors to­ the Sunbelt states may accelerate in the next nomic development urging "the targeting of gether in a way that Harrington ls trying half decade. After the 1980 census, the antic­ Federal resources into the areas of greatest ipated loss of nothern congressional seats to bring members of the House from North­ need." east and Midwest states behind the idea of will give the South and West a majority in equalizing aid formulas. the House of Representatives for the first The attempt to redress the balance of Fed­ time in history. eral spending ls not only a Democratic ef­ "If we could equalize energy costs and na­ But at least one Northeasterner still holds fort, but a. Republican one. tional.~ the cost of welfare," Harrington national power. Rep. Thomas P. O'Neill Jr., Richard M. Rosenbaum, chairman of the says. This work is going to be very impor­ the Cambridge Democrat unopposed for elec­ New York Republican State Committee and tant over the next four years-until the next tion as Speaker of the House of Representa­ a protege of Vice President Nelson Rocke­ census. And that's where Tip O'Nelll is going feller, is urging his party to adopt a pro­ to be important-in providing leadership to tives. make sure that we get a fair shake." "You know, the wealth of the big states gram of "social security for our aging cities." in the Northeast helped to build this na­ He has distributed to his colleagues sta­ tion," O'Neill says. "Now it's time for the tistics on the political, social and economic wealthier states with their oil and natural contributions of the Northeast to the na­ resources to come to the aid of the older tion and the Republican Party. COL. ELMER MUNSHOWER parts of the country. In 1964, GOP presidential candidate Barry "The new Southerners are much more Goldwater won cheers throughout the Sun­ national-minded and much less parochial belt by suggesting the Northeast ought to HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON then they used to be. When you look at peo­ be sawed off the mainland and floated out OF MARYLAND ple like (US Rep.) Andy Young, (D-Ga.), for to sea.. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES instance, you can see that in the South and According to a study by a respected non­ in the Southwest more liberal Democrats are partisan publication on government, The Thursday, July 22, 1976 being elected. You saw what they did on the National Journal, "Federal tax and spend- • Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, with the ing policies a.re causing a massive fl.ow of New York City aid bill and on the bill to recent passing of Col. Elmer Floyd save the railroads of the Northeast. It is a wealth from the Northeast and Midwest to realization that we're all in this together and the fast-growing southern and western re­ Munshower, Frederick County, Md., that 1! Rhode Island's economy goes under gions of the nation." lost one of its most distinguished citizens. because of the railroad it will spread to Illi­ According to the Journal report, the Great Colonel Munshower led a full and com- nois in a few days and from there beyond. Lakes states suffer more o! a disparity than plete life including a business and mil- 23560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 tary career as well as active participation tity and worth is closely related to the feeling full employment et!ort. We ask the Unit in local and State politics . of contributi~g creatively and responsibly to Committee of the Division of Church and He entered the Maryland National meet the needs of society. In 1976, the NCC Society and other appropriate units of the recommits itself to a full employment econ­ National Council of Churches to implement Guard in 1906 and served as a lieutenant omy as an essential element of a more ,just this resolution and continue the Full Em­ on the Mexican border in 1916. Later as a economic order. ployment Program of involving the member captain, he served with great distinction Through the Employment Act of 1946, the communions in education, organizing, and with the 29th Division at Verdun. He was U.S. Government committed itself to the goal legislative development. promoted to major and served as com­ of maximum employment. Unfortunately, the Therefore, the Governing Board of NCC manding officer of the First Battalion, federal government has failed to implement asserts that full employment is an essen­ Maryland National Guard. the aims of this Act, and our nation has tial element of a more just economic order suffered prolonged periods of high unemploy­ and that every individual should be guar­ In 1937 after serving as alderman ment rates. According to the Bureau of Labor anteed the right and the opportunity to a and mayor of Frederick, Colonel Mun­ Statistics, at the last quarter of 1975, the job at adequate compensation. We commit shower was appointed head of the Mary­ unemployment of non-white youth in the ourselves to the task of shaping a national land State Police by Gov. Harry Nice. labor force in metropolitan poverty areas policy of full employment which would pro­ He served in that capacity for 2 years, reached 49.7 per cent. This failure has denied vide the hopes for a better and more produc­ and later he became involved in re­ millions of men and women the adequate tive life for ourselves, our famlli.es and our organization of the Baltimore County opportunity to develop their talents and to neighbors. We call upon the Federal Govern­ receive fair compensation for their labor. ment to make full employment the nation's Police Department as a consultant. Government, moreover, has lost substantial number one priority. During World War II, Colonel Mun­ revenues needed to fine.nee enligh tened social The General Secretary is asked to com­ shower served as com.n:.anding officer of welfare programs, and society itself has suf­ municate this resolution to the President, Camp A. P. Hill in Virginia, Ei !1 im­ fered from a decreased production of goods the. Congress of the United States, the plat­ portant training camp. He then served and services. Unemployment in the years form committees of the two major political as superintendent of the Marylanlil State 1953-1974 resulted in these staggering fiscal parties and the constituency of the churches. Reformatory for Males where he in­ losses: stituted a series of important reforms. $2.6 tr1llion in pfoduction of goods and In addition to all these accomplish­ services; $1.5 trillion in wages and salaries; THE NEED FOR A RATIONAL COAL ments, Colonel Munshower was active in $760 billion in federal, state, and local civic and public organizations in Freder­ taxes; DEVELOPMENT POLICY ick. $653 billion in private businesa invest­ Colonel Munshower served as an in­ ment.• spiration to many young people in his In the last two years alone we have' lost HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN community. He will be greatly missed by $400 billion in Gross National Product. The OF OHIO struggle for racial justice has been impeded, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all those who worked and lived close to the campaign against crime is being lost, and him. our nation's commitment to the eradication Thursday, July 22, 1976 of poverty, the preservation of the environ­ ment, the maintenance of adequate health Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, in MORALS, ETHICS AND ECONOMICS care and educational opportunities has been the 3 years since the Arab oil embargo weakened. brought our energy shortage into sharp The Bicentennial is a fitting time for our focus, Congress has found itself unable HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS country to fulfill the promises of full em­ adequately to address our complex e.n­ OF CALIFORNIA ployment and fair opportunity-critical ele­ ergy problem. As a result, the basis of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments of a responsible and just society. All this problem-inadequate conservation persons should be guaranteed the right to measures and lagging production rates­ Thursda'l/, July 22, 1976 benefit from adequate job training or re­ still remain with us today. In fact, recent training and to obtain jobs suited to their Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would individual qualifications at adequate com­ data suggest that the United States is like to inform the Members that the Na­ pensation in either the private or the public now further behind in balancing con­ tional Council of the Churches of Christ sector. The President should be required by sumption and domestic production of its in the U.S.A.-N.C.C.-has compiled a statute to propose and Congress should en­ energy resources than it was prior to the statement regarding the necessity of full act annual national budgets which move the Arab oil embargo. employment. This organization has com­ economy to full employment and maintain When we talk of energy in the United mitted itself to the ·moral and ethical it in that condition. States today, most people think of oil concern for the shaping of a just eco­ Accordingly, we urge Congress to enact and natural gas. No doubt this is pri­ legislation requiring the President to sub­ nomic order in addition to the right and mit annually to Congress a Full Employment marily because the United States now need to work. Their views are based on and National Purposes Budget calculated to depends on oil and gas for 75 percent of the religious belief that one's sense of create enough private and public employ­ its energy. However, this was not always identity and worth is associated to the ment at fair rates of compensation to meet the case. At the turn of the century, coal feeling of contributing creatively and re­ national priorities in energy, resource devel­ accounted for over 90 percent of our en­ sponsibly to meet the needs of society. opment, mass transportation, housing, edu­ ergy needs, while today, coal supplies The statement follows: cation, health care and other essential fields. only about 18 percent of our energy. Within an interim period of two years, our Since our proven reserves of oil and NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF nation should strive to attain an unemploy­ CHRIST IN THE U.S.A. RESOLUTION ON F'uLL ment rate of no more than 3 percent. This natural gas are dwindling at an alarm­ EMPLOYMENT goal should be pursued in ways that will ing rate, it is clear that we must move The Governing Board of the National relieve the unjust proportion of unemploy­ with great speed to develop alternative Council of Churches, since its inception, has ment borne by youth, elderly, women and sources of energy to ease our dependence been committed to the moral and ethical con­ minorities. The fiscal policies of the Federal upon these two fuels. The so-called exotic cern for the shaping of a just economic order Reserve System (such as the setting of in­ sources of energy-nuclear, wind, and and the right and need to work. In a policy terest rates) should be coord1nated with a solar power are examples-will not be statement of 1954, the General Board stated government program to achieve the goal of viable alternatives until the mid-to late- that: "Every able-bodied adult has an obli­ full employment. Legislation should include gation and the right to an opportunity to 1980's, and it is estimated that many of an administrative appeals procedure for per­ these sources will not be commercially serve the community through work." In a sons unable to secure jobs. The federal gov­ policy statement of 1958, the General Board ernment should be seen as the employer of feasible on a large scale until much later stated: last resort for the men, women, and youths than that. This demonstrates the im­ The government should give continued who cannot locate jobs in the private econ­ portance of developing existing sources consideration to both short-run and long­ omy. of energy in order to meet our energy term measures to restore and maintain em­ Cooperation and input by private and needs during the critical next 15 to 20 ployment levels. The government has a re­ years. sponsib111ty to use, when needed as stabilizers • nonprofit agencies and local and regional and other aids, the vast resources available in units of government are necessary for the The largest single source of energy now its fiscal, monetary, public works, and other available to us in the United States is economic powers. •source of Figures: Research Paper No. 1 coal. According to the FEA, proven coal These policy statements a.re rooted in the of the Full Employment Action Council, reserves which are economically recover­ Christian conviction that one's sense of Iden- Washington, D.C. able with existing technology amount to July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23561 three times the energy contained in the of the 1976 report of the Social Security Since President Franklin D. Roosevelt trustees shows that the Old Age, Survivors, stripped health insurance from the original Middle East's oil reserves. Coal cur­ and Disability Trust Funds are in serious Social Security proposal, Congress has per­ rently accounts for more that 90 percent trouble. The trouble is not just short range; formed wisely in avoiding several formidable of the Nation's proved energy reserves. .it extends well into the 21st century. attempts to include it. Perhaps it's time in Accordingly, if the United States is to Calculating and collecting taxes to pay this election year to ask individual Senators bring its energy production and con­ benefits to 32 million people based on death and Congressmen to preach what Congress sumption into balance, then our coal re­ and long term disability is not a simple task. has practiced ... to tell the people about the serves must be developed and utilized. But it is a Sunday School Picnic-a piece of difficulty facing Social Security ... to show cake-a walk in the park, compared to ad­ them that Social Security just cannot handle Because of this fact, coal production is ministering a national health insurance pro­ national health insurance. forecast to increase from the 603 million gram covering 215 million. tons produced in 1974 to 1,040 million The present Social Security system must RED INK-OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY FUNDS tons produced in 1985. However, uncer­ be restored to financial health. It must strive BY CALENDAR YEAR tainties regarding our energy and en­ to regain and keep the.confidence of the pub­ (In billions of dollars] vironmental policy may discourage in­ lic. It must not be saddled with national vestment in the development of coal re­ health insurance, or any other scheme, that could destroy its integrity as social insurance Surplus o sources, thereby resulting in a serious and turn it into a mechanism of public wel­ Income Outgo deficit(- , inhibition of coal production. Indeed, fare. there is evidence suggesting that the U.S. 1971______$1,790.00 SOCIAL SECURITY TAX NOT ENOUGH 40.9 38. 5 2. 4 coal industry is already falling behind in 1972_ ------45. 6 43. 3 2.3 The sad news from the Social Security 1973_ ------54. 8 53.1 1. 6 its program for new mine openings. Ac­ trustees is that an annual tax of up to 1974 __ ------62.1 60. 6 1. 5 cordingly, in the next several years, the $1,790.00 per job is not enough to pay this 1915_ ------67. 6 69.2 1. 5 industry's newly enlarged capacity will 1976_ ------73. 8 78. 2 4. 3 year's benefits to the retired, disabled and 1977 ------83.0 86.9 3.9 be underutilized. survivors. The deficit is estimated at $4.3 1978_ ------91. 6 96.8 5.2 The importance of coal to the United billion. 1979_ ------100.9 106. 9 5.9 The deficit will be about $3 billion more 1980_ ------110. 6 117.8 7.2 States' overall energy policy emphasizes 1981_ __ ------120. 6 129. 2 8.6 the fact that we must insure· that mine than 1975 despite this year's increase of up to $140.00 on each job paying over $14,100- openings and development proceed at as Projecting the deficits into the future, as Note: 1976 estimate based on current data. Outlook for 1977- rapid a pace as possible, consistent, of 81 based on "intermediate" assumptions for economic growth shown on the "Red Ink" chart below, the and wage price, and unemployment levels. Details may not add 1 course, with the protection of our en­ trustees have reported that by 1979 deficits to totals aue to rounding. vironment. To date, Congress has not will have exhausted the disability trust fund Source: Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Sur­ taken the action necessary to provide and the larger old age and survivors fund vivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds. this assurance. In fact, Congress has would be similarly exhausted between 1981 been primarily responsible for injecting and 1984. Other Social Security programs uncertainty into the energy and environ­ such as Medicare are subject to the same fund exhaustion, the trustees warn. CAPTIVE NATIONS REMARKS menta! areas. Thfa year, the trustees painted a much Congress must act to set a mining grimmer picture than previous reports. Bad policy that strikes a fair balance between as the news was in 1975, it was understated HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. the concerns of environmentalists and by 50 % . The deficits will be twice as much. OF OHIO the development of a strong U.S. energy Last year's assumptions concerning fer­ policy. Although clean air and the pres­ tllity rates, prices, wages and productivity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ervation of our land and water resources have been revised considerably presenting Thursday, July 22, 1976 more realistic deficit projections, the trustees must be given serious consideration, we Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, since must nevertheless begin developing our reported. The country is faced with some hard 1959, the United States has recognized vast coal reserves at a quicker pace if we choices. President Ford has proposed a 0.6% the third week ot July as a time of re­ are to meet our future energy needs. Let increase in the tax rate which would affect flection and concern for the plight of us hope that we have not delayed too all jobs with the top jobs taxed at about those people held captive in their own long already. $2,050. Congress will probably wait until after countries. election with a number of lawmakers sup­ porting a substantial increase in the wage The basic premise upon which Amer­ base only. Both present problems. Increasing ican life is based is our dedication to the the tax rate (regressive) affects lower paid individual's inherent human rights. Two N~TIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE workers and increasing the wage base sub­ hundred years ago this past week, we stantially raises the aggregate benefits the SS began an unparalleled experiment which HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER funds must eventually pay out. Some would incorporated the firm belief that all look to general revenues for the solution but men, having been created equal, are en­ OF NEBRASKA every dollar drawn would have to be bor­ dowed with certain transcendent rights-­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rowed-with almost no hope of repayment­ and added to the National Debt. the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit Thursday, July 22, 1976 No one can say for sure just how much of happiness. As we work to assure the Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker. Americans are willing to pay for Social Secu­ equality of rights in our own country, during our recent recess, the Democrat rity. The 10% plateau formerly believed to be we must not believe that is where our National Convention met and adopted a the ceiling was surpassed in 1971 and pres­ responsibility ends. If we are to be faith­ plank in their platform endorsing the ent law calls !or a tax rate of 12.1 % in 1978. ful to our convictions, we must be con­ Today it takes 100 workers to support 30 cerned that liberty and equality prevail basic thrust of the Kennedy-Corman na­ Social Security beneficiaries and there will be throughout the world. tional health insurance bill pending be­ a time when this ratio descends to 2 to 1. The fore the House. Since this endorsement future SS tax burden on workers is already Our purpose in designating the third of the measure by the party which con­ destined to be heavier without adding na­ week of July as captive Nations Week trols the House by a 2-to-1 margin may tional health insurance to Social Security. is not just to pay homage to those righ~ mean that the measure may soon be be­ Today's 50 year old worker has seen his SS and freedoms which we, ourselves, enjoy. fore the membership, I am introducing tax grow 2,984 per cent since he started work. Rather, this special week is set aside to into the RECORD today a timely article on The chart "Social Security Tax Without Na­ remind us of the millions of people who tional Health Insurance" shows that the remain under captive rule all over the the subject by Mr. John B. O'Day, C.L.U., maximum SS tax per job has grown from $60 on the consequences of adding the bur­ world. There are over two dozen nations to $1,790 in the first two thirds of this work­ nearly half of which are under Soviet den of :financing a national health insur­ er's employment. At this rate, before he re­ ance system to our present social security tires, the SS tax on his job will actually be rule where basic human rights are de­ system: higher than his total base income his first nied. NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE: SOCIAL SECU­ !ear on the job. This week, by rededicating ourselves RITY CAN'T HANDLE IT PREACH WHAT YOU PRACTICE to support the principles which have (By John B. O'Da.y, C.L.U.) Social Security is in trouble. But think how guided our own Nation these past two There now can be doubt that the Social devastating this trouble would be if national centuries, we will offer hope and sup­ Security system 1s incapable of handling any health insurance had been a part of the So- port to those who seek justice and free- national health insurance scheme. A review cial Security system. dom for their own countries. 23562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 TAX CREDIT FOR HIGHER tions at the same time, and which has for his education, for the education of one EDUCATION sufficient eligible expenses for the maxi­ dependent designated by the taxpayer); plus mum credit, would be entitled to apply a "(B) an amount determined for each de­ pendent who ls not designated under subpar­ credit of $1,200 against Federal income ·agra.ph (A) equal to the sum of- HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN taxes. " (i) 75 percent of so much of the expenses OF FLORIDA This Nation has always believed in the of higher education which are paid or in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need for an educated citizenry, since curred by the taxpayer during the taxable Thomas Jefferson wrote: year for the education of such dependent as Thursday, July 22, 1976 Enlighten the people generally, and tyran­ does not exceed $200, Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ ny and oppressions of body and mind will "(ii) 50 percent of so much of such ex­ day introducing a bill which would pro­ vanish like evil spirits at the dawn of day. penses for the education of such dependent as exceeds $200 but does not exceed $500, and vide a Federal income tax credit for a In Jefferson's day, only the very "(iii) 20 percent of so much of such ex­ portion of the costs of higher education. wealthy and the very·fortunate had full penses for the education of such dependent Similar legislation has been introduced educational opportunity, but this country as exceeds $500 but does not exceed $1,500. before, but I believe that there is a par­ has through its history expanded the "(3) PRORATION OF CREDIT WHERE MORE THAN ,ticular urgency now that demands our educational system and assisted more ONE TAXPAYER PAYS EXPENSES.-If expenses of speedy consideration. higher education of an individual are paid and more students at both the elemen­ by more than one taxpayer during the tax­ Few would deny the benefits that high­ tary and secondary and the postsecond­ er education provides our Nation, both able year, the credit allowable to each such ary levels. Now, however, if present trends taxpayer under subsection (a) with respect to individuals and to society. Graduates continue and government does not inter­ to the expenses of higher education of that of postsecondary institutions, colleges, vene, we may soon find only the very individual shall be an amount which bears and universities as well as vocational and rich and the very poor at institutions of the same ratio to the a.mount of the credit technical schools, tend to earn more higher education. It is the middle-income which would be allowable with respect to money and pay more taxes than high such expenses if only one taxpayer paid or school graduates, while providing much families who bear the brunt of costs for incurred them as the amount of such ex­ of the creativity and inventiveness that most social programs, and we must now penses paid or incurred by each taxpayer is the heart of our society. They also assure them that they will not be left paying or incurring such expenses bears to out or denied their rights to education. the total a.mount of such expenses paid or give generously of their time and their incurred for the taxable year by all such talents to their communities, providing Mr. Speaker, a copy of my bill follows: taxpayers. voluntarily many services that could not H.R. 14815 " ( c) DEFINITIONs.-For purposes of this be offered without them. Any Federal A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code section- investment in higher education, then, is of 1954 to provide for a credit against the "(1) EXPENSES OF HIGHER EDUCATION.-The an investment in a better life for all of Federal income tax for certain higher edu­ term 'expenses of higher education' means-- us. cation expenses "(A) tuition and fees required for the Sadly, though, a number of recent Be it enacted by the Senate and House enrollment or attendance of a student at a of Representatives of the United States of level above the twelfth grade at an insti­ trends have combined to limit the op­ America in Congress assembled, tution of higher education and portunities of middle-income people in "(B) fees, books, supplies, and equipment SECTION 1. CREDIT FOR HIGHER EDUCATION seeking education beyond high school. EXPENSES required for courses of instruction above the Schools have faced inflation and rapidly twelfth grade at an institution of higher (a) IN GENERAL.-Subpart A of part IV of education. escalating costs at the same time that subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal enrollments have fallen off. The inevi­ Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to credits Such term does not include any a.mount pa.id, table result has been forced increases in allowable) ls amended by inserting after sec­ directly or indirectly, fqr meals, lodging, tuitions and in the other costs of attend­ tion 44 the following new section: transportation, or similar personal, living, or ance. There are, of course, both public family expenses. In the event an amount paid "SEC. 44A. ExPENSES OF HIGHER F..J>UCATION. !or tuition or fees includes an amount fm and private sources of scholarship and ·"(a) GENERAL RULE.-There shall be al­ meals, lodging, transportation, or similar loan money, but most middle-income lowed to an individual as a credit against the expenses which ls not separately sta. ted, the families find that their incomes are too tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable portion of such amount which is attributable high for their children to be eligible. year an amount (determined under subsec­ to meals, lodging, transportation, or similar A related problem is the growing tion (b)) equal to a portion of the expenses expenses shall be determined under regula­ of higher education paid or incurred by the tions prescribed by the Secretary or his tendency for families to have more than individual during the taxable year for him­ one student enrolled in postsecondary delegate. self and for any dependent. (2) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.­ programs at the same time. The costs of "(b) DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT.- The term 'institution of higher education' educating one child may be high, but the " ( 1) AMOUNT WHEN EXPENSES ARE PAID FOR means- thousands of dollars involved in the edu­ ONL y ONE INDIVIDUAL.-If expenses of higher (A) an educational institution (as defined cation of two or more is more often than education are paid or incurred by the tax­ in section 151(e) (4) )- not prohibitive. payer during the taxable year only for his "(i) which regularly offers education at a My bill seeks to provide at least a par­ own education or only for the education of level above the twelfth grade; a.nd one dependent, the amount of the credit "(ii) contributions to or for the use o! tial remedy. Like S. 3487, a similar bill allowable under subsection (a) for the tax­ introduced in the other body by the dis­ which constiturte charitable conrtlributions able year shall be an amount equal to the within the meaning of section 170 ( c) ; or tinguishect Senator from Minnesota, Mr. sum of- "(B) a business or trade school, or tech­ MONDALE, this bill takes a two-step ap­ "(A) 50 percent of so much of such ex­ nical institution or other technical or voca­ proach to a tax credit. A family--or a penses as does not exceed $200, tional school in any State, which (1) 1s le­ student who pays his or her own ex­ "(B) 25 percel}t of so much of such ex­ gally authorized to provide, a.nd provides penses--may take a credit of 50 percent penses as exceeds $200 but does not exceed within that State, a program of postsecondary of the first $200 in expenses, 25 percent $500, and voootional or techbical education designed of any expenditure between $201 and "(C) 5 percent of so much of such ex­ to flt individuals for useful employment in $500, and 5 percent of any expenditure penses as exceeds $500 but does not exceed recognized occupa.tions; and (ii) ls accred­ $1,000. ited by a nationally recognized accrediting between $501 and $1,000. The maximum "(2) AMOUNT WHEN EXPENSES ARE PAID FOR agency or association listed by the United credit available under this formula is MORE THAN ONE INDIVIDUAL.-If expenses of States Commissioner of Education; and (iii) $200. For each additional enrolled stu­ higher education are paid or incurred by the has been in existence for 2 yea-rs or has been dent in the family, the credit is 75 per­ taxpayer during the taxable year for his own specially accredited by the Commissioner as cent of the first $200, 50 percent of the education and for the education of a de­ an institution meeting the other require­ amount between $201 and $500, and... 20 pendent, or for the education of more than ments of this subparagraph. percent of any expense between $501 and one dependent, the amount of the credit "(3) STATE.-The term 'State' includes, in $1,500, for a maximum possible credit of allowable under subsection (a) for the tax- ·addition to the several States of the Union, able year shall be the sum of- the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Dis­ $500. The expenses used in figuring the " (A) a.n amount determined under para-' trict of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, credit include tuition and fees, as well graph (1) by only taking into account ex­ the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory as books, supplies, and equipment, but penses of higher education paid or incurred of the Pacific Islands. not room and board or transportation. by the taxpayer during the taxable year for " ( d) SPECIAL RULES.;- Under my bill, a family which has his own education (or if no such expenses " ( 1) ADJUSTMENT FOR CERTAIN SCHOLARSHIPS three students in postsecondary institu- were paid or incurred during the taxable year AND VETERANS' BENEFITS.-The amounts July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23563 otherwise taken Into account under subsec­ covers the U.S. Congress commented to to reflect on the frustration and failures tion {a} as expenses of higher education of me the other day that it had been quite of the present Congress and its low any individual during any period shall be a while since he wrote a news story on standing in public esteem and to decide reduced (before the application of subsec­ legislation before the Congress. His what kind of leadership the Congress tion {b}} by any amounts received by such comment called to my attention the fact wants and needs. in dividual during such period as- that although the Congress has been Members of the Congress must decide " (A} a scholarship or fellowship grant how vigorous they want their leadership (wLthin the meaning of section 117{a.} (1}} much in the news recently it has not which under section 117 is not includible in been there because of what should be its to be. Complaints are often heard in gross income, or principal function, lawmaking. Congress that the leadership is not ener­ "{B} a.n educa.tlon and training allowance Two subjects now dominate discus­ getic enough. But Members are ambiva­ u n der chapter 33 of title 38 of the United sion about the Congress. One is the lent about leadership. They want leaders States Code or educat ional assistance allow­ surge of interest in overhauling the in­ who will work hard to mobilize support an ce under chapter 34 of such tl tle. ternal procedures of the House as a re­ for legislation, but they do not want their "(2) NONCREDIT AND RECREATIONAL, ETC., leaders to be tyrannical. They want couRsEs.-Amounts pa.id for expenses of sult Of the WAYNE HAYS-Elizabeth Ray higher education of any individual shall be revelations and the second is what the their leaders to be articulate and effec­ t aken into accoUil't under subsection (a}- new leadership of the Congress will be tive on television and with the news "(A} in the case of an individual who is like in 1977. media. And they want them to be ap­ a candidate for a baccalaureate or higher de­ With the announcement by House proachable, sensitive to their problems, gree, only to the extent such expenses are Speaker CARL ALBERT, Senate majority and willing to press for reform in House at tributable to courses of instruction for Leader MIKE MANSFIELD, and Senate Mi­ procedures. In short, Members want which credit is allowed toward a baccalau­ nority Leader HUGH SCOTT that they leaders who will begin to restore the reat e or higher degree, and " (B } in the case of an individual who is will retire at the end of this Congress, Congress to high public esteem. It is not a. candidate for a. baccalaureate or higher the turnover in the Congress will con­ also my hope that the new leaders will degree, only to the extent such expenses are stitute one of the most complete changes operate with some vision of where this attributable to courses of instruction neces­ in congressional leadership in recent country ought to be heading, and how sary to fulfill requirements for the attain­ history. Three of the top leadership posts the Congress can help it get there. ment of a. predetermined and identified ed­ in the next Congress will be filled by a I do not think it is possible for the ucational, professional, or vocational objec­ man new to the job. The present House leaders of the Congress to wield absolute tive. majority leader THOMAS P. O'NEILL, is " {e} APPLICATION WITH OTHER CREDITS.­ authority, as some leaders of the Con­ The credit allowed by subsection (a} shall considered Speaker ALBERT'S certain suc­ gress did in days past. There is a lot of not exceed the amount of the tax imposed cessor, but a spirited contest to succeed nostalgic nonsense spoken and written by this chapter for the taxable year reduced Mr. O'NEILL as majority leader is going about how things would be much better by the sum of the credits allowable under- on among at least three contenders. In if "Czar" Reed, "Uncle Joe" Cannon1 or " ( 1} section 33 {relating to foreign tax the Senate several Senators have al­ "Mr. Sam" Rayburn were only at the credit}, ready announced for the majority lead­ helm today. The new leadership will " (2 ) section 37 relating to retirement in­ ership post, and several are expected to preside over a dramatically changed come}, "(3} section 38 {relating to investment in announce soon for minority leader. Congress. Today the Congress is more certain depreciable property}, Speaker ALBERT, who has often been independent, more aggressive, younger "(4} section 40 {relating to work incen­ criticized for ineffective leadership, has and much harder to lead than Con­ tive program expenses}, probably had a more significant and gresses even several years ago. It is a "(5) section 41 (relating to contributions. creative leadership than many persons formidable challenge for even the most to candidates for public office), and realize. Mr. ALBERT has presided over skillful of political leaders to lead a "{6} section 42 (relating to taxable income the House during the historic Nixon im­ House comprised of 435 Representatives credit} . peachment proceedings and during ma­ from widely di:fierent constituencies and "(f} DISALLOWANCE OF EXPENSES AS DE­ jor efforts of internal congressional re­ interests at a time when the intensity of DUCTION.-NO deduction shall be allowed un­ form. He has supported these far-reach­ lobbying activity in Washington has in­ der section 162 (relating to trade or busi­ ing reforms which dramatically modified ness expenses) for any expense of higher ed­ creased manyfold. µcation which {after the application of sub­ the seniority system, checked the pawer The new leaders, whoever they are section (b) ) 1s taken into account in deter­ of committee chairmen and spread the will have their hands full. Congress ui mining the amount of any credit allowed un­ action among more Members. The Con­ made up today of able, independent, and der subsection (a). The preceding sentence gress has become a far more open, ac­ strong-minded people who will not yield shall not apply to any expenses of higher ed­ countable and democratic institution to a dominating leadership. The new ucation with respect to which the taxpayer, during his tenure as Speaker. under regulations prescribed by the Secre­ leaders will have to operate by persua­ No Member would claim that Speaker sion and they will find that they have tary or his delegate, elects not to have the ALBERT has been a flashy, publicity-wise provisions of this section apply. no choice but continue to try to make the .. (g) REGULATIONS.-The Secretary or his politician. Indeed his 5-minute news Congress more open, more accountable delegate shall prescribe such regulations as conferences, given each day before the and more responsive. They will need a may be necessary to carry out the provisions House convenes, are famous among sure sense of where the votes are and of this section.". House newsmen for the lack of hard what the rank and file Members want. (b} CLERICAL .AMENDMENT.-The table of news they produce. But all Members They must be able to "feel" the mood of sections for such subpart A ls amend~d by would praise him for his fairness, de­ the Congress and help guide it in the inserting after the item relating to section cency, and integrity. His style is to seek 44 the following: direction they think it should go. The a consensus, to work behind the scenes in "Sec. 44A. Expenses of higher education.". art of democratic leadership the Con­ and to avoid, if possible, confrontation gress is to be out in front of its Mem­ SEC. 2. EFFECTIVE DATE. with the President or powerful congres­ bers-but not very far. The amendments ma.de by section 1 of this sional committee chairmen. He employs Act apply to taxable years beginning after the tools of persuasion and conciliation December 31, 1976. among his colleagues and he will leave the Congress with wide respect and CONGRESSIONAL REFORM: RULE much affection. Senators MANSFIELD and XXII NE{W LEADERSHIP FOR THE ScoTT have provided similar leadership in the Senate. CONGRESS The leaders of Congress set its style HON. JOEL PRITCHARD and character, and, as its leadership OF WASHINGTON HON. LEE H. HAMILTON changes, the Congress itself will un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIANA doubtedly change. Most of the Congress­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES watchers think that the new leaders will bring stronger, more assertive leader­ Mr. PRITCHARD. Mr. Speaker, we can Thursday, July 22, 1976 ship. It seems to me much too early t.o all take pride in the fact that the Con­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, a reach any conclusions about that, but it gress is a good example of how a repre­ Washington newspaper reporter who is not too early for Members of Congress sentative democracy works. But, the Con- CXXII--1486-Part 19 23564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 gress-and the House of Representatives Congress, it will be. a step, granted a "A1Iectional or sexual preference" ls defined in particular-is far from being a model small one, toward modifying the rules of in the bill to mean "having or manifesting of operating efficiency. Archaic and in­ the House so that we may more efficiently an emotional or physical attachment to an­ efficient rules and procedures only proceed with the business of the Ameri­ other consenting person or persons of either gender, or having or manifesting a preference hamper our purpose and make it more can people. for such a.ttachment." This legislation would difficult to carry our responsibilities as extend the protections of the federal civil elected Representatives. rights laws to homosexuals. A fitting example of such a rule which ASSOCIATION OF THE BAR SUP­ INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND breeds wasteful and costly inefficiency PORTS ABZUG BILL TO PROHIBIT The Kinsey reports on human sexuality are has to be House rule XXII, which limits DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS generally credited with giving impetus to to 25 the number of Members who may OF AFFECTIONAL OR SEXUAL the reexamination of laws and attitudes cosponsor any particular bill. PREFERENCE towards homosexua.Uty.3 Social, religious, Prior to 1967, the House rules pro­ medical and legal attitudes on this subject hibited the cosponsorship of bills en­ have undergone significant change in recent tirely--0nly the author's name appeared HON. BELLA S. ABZUG years. Psychiatric opinion, which for many on the bill. Finally, in 1967, the House years had classified homosexuality as a per­ OF NEW YORK sonality disorder, has changed dramatically. amended its rules-by adopting House IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Resolution 42-to allow up to 25 Mem­ In 19'73, the American Psychiatric Associ­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 ation (APA adopted the position that "by bers' names to appear on a single bill. To itself, homosexuality does not meet the cri­ facilitate additional cosponsors. Mem­ Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased teria for being a psychiatric disorder."' The bers soon learned they could evade the to note that the Association of the Bar APA simultaneously adopted the following rule by reintroducing identical bills. of the city of New York has expressed resolution with respect to discrimination Three major criteria underscore the its support for H.R. 5452, my bill to out­ against homosexuals: desirability for ending the "25 rule" of law discrimination in public accommo­ "Wb,ereas homosexuality per se implies no cosponsorSlhiP--Cost, confusion, and con­ dations, public facilities, public educa­ impairment in judgment, stablllty, rellabll­ tinuity. ity, or general social or vocational capa­ tion, federally assisted opportunities, bilities, therefore, be it resolved that the Many of us are _unaware of the ex­ employment, housing sale, rental :financ­ American Psychiatric Association deplores penses incurred in just the printing of ing, and brokerage, and federally assisted all public and private discrimination against one bill. For each bill that is introduced, education programs on the basis of a homosexuals in such areas as employment, 3,000 copies are made. For a two-page person's affectiona.l or sexual preference. housing, publlc accommodation, and licens­ bill, the printing cost is $78. An eight­ This bill would extend the full pro­ ing, and declares that no burden of proof page bill-which is the average bill tection of our civil rights statutes to of such judgment, capacity, or re11abll1ty length-is $328. For a 20-page bill, the homosexuals. Its enactment would not shall be placed upon homosexual's greater than that imposed on any other persons. cost amounts to $659. be necessary if the Supreme Court had Further, the American Psychiatric Associa­ Duplicate bills result in duplicative done its job and recognized that the tion supports and urges the f>nactment of costs; 16,989 bills have been introduced right of privacy includes the right of civil rights legislation at the local, state, in the House during the 94th Congress consenting adults, in private, to engage and federal level that would offer homosex­ as of June 1976. Of that number, 6,644- in such sexual conduct as they may ual citizens the same protections now guar­ 39 percent-were duplicate bills. When choose without interference by the Gov­ anteed to others on the basis of race, creed, an average-sized bill of eight pages is re­ ernment and without being subjected to color, etc. Further, the American Psychia­ introduced on a different day, the addi­ discrimination because of such activities. tric Association supports and urges the re­ is peal of all discriminatory legislation singling tional cost in printing alone $102. More than a dozen of our States have out homosexual acts by consenting adults When that :figure is multiplied by the repealed their laws against such con­ in private.";; 6,644 duplicates introduced, we find that duct: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Similar resolutions urging an end to dis­ $677,688 has already been wasted on un­ Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, crimination against homosexuals have been necessary bill duplication in this session. Indiana, Maine, New Mexico, North adopted by the American Federation of Another adverse result of bill duplica­ Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, and Teachers (~IO), the American Person­ tion is confusion. There is no Member or Washington. Private groups calling for nel and Guidance Association, the American office that has been exempt from the an end to such discrimination include Psychological Association, the National difficulty of tracking the path of an issue the American Bar Association, the Amer­ Board of the YWCA, the National Conference whose volume of duplicate legislation is ican Psychiatric Association, the Ameri­ on Jewish Men and Women, the National continually multiplying. These difficulties can Federation of Teachers, the National Educational Association (NEA), and the ~a­ incurred by congressional staff are mag­ Board of the YWCA, the American Civil tional Organization for Wom~n (NOW). Religious attitudes on homosexuality are nified for the individual citizen attempt­ Liberties Union, the National Organiza­ changing. The National Federation of ing to follow a bill through the legislB.­ tion for Women, the National Federation Priests' Councils, a national organization of tive process. The exact same bill often of Priests' Councils, and the American Catholic priests, has urged an end to dis­ winds up with four different numbers. Law Institute. crimination against homosexuals. An orga­ Finally, rule XXII breeds a lack of The time for action by Congress or the nization of gay Catholics has been formed, continuity amongst the two Halls of Con­ courts is now, and I hope that it will be called "Dignity," and its members include a gress. The Senate has long and success­ forthcoming soon. Jesuit priest. In 1972 the United Church of fully operated under the unlimited co­ The statement of the Association of Chri~t ordained an acknowledged homosex­ ual into its ministry. The Council for Christ­ sponsorship rule. Of the 3,665 bills that the Bar is included at this Point: ian Social Action of the same church in 1969 have been introduced in the Senate dur­ (31-The Record of the Association of the adopted a resolution which states in part: ing the 94th Congress as of June 1976, Bar (May/June 1976)] "Even while we proclaim a unity under God only 23-less than 1 percent-have been FEDERAL LEGISLATION PRoHmITING DISCRIMI­ which transcends our division . . . we still duplicate bills. NATION ON THE BASIS OF .AF'FECTIONAL OR honor variations among men in their pollti-· As a means of ending this unnecessary SEXUAL PREFERENCE cal loyalties, lifestyles, and sexual prefer­ and expensive procedure, I strongly urge (By The Special Committee on Sex and Law) ences." 6 The Episcopal Diocese of New York's the adoption of House Resolution 1317, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION statement, "On Private Sexual Morality," 1 states: "We favor repeal of those statutes that will strike the 25 limit from rule The Comm.Lttee urges adoption of H.R. that make such [private sexual] practices 5452.1 This blll would a.mend the Civil Rights XXII. among competer and consenting adults Perhaps the two most widely discussed Act of 1964 and certain other laws 2 to pro­ hibit discrimination in public accommoda­ criminal acts." The Episcopal ·Bishop of New issues thus far in this Presidental elec­ tions, public facilities, public education, fed­ York issued a public statement lu support tion year are budgetary responsibil1ty erally assisted opportunities, employment, of local 1'eglslatlon prohibiting discrimina­ and confidence in those whom the Ameri­ housing sale, rental, financing, and brok­ tion against homosexuals in New York City. can people have ehosen to govern. In a era.ge, and education programs receiving The Unitarian Universalist · Association of small way, this proposed House rule federal financial assistance on the basis of Churches and Fellowships vf North America change touches upon both of these ques­ a person's affection.al or sexual preference. has established an Office on Gay Affairs. tions. The adoption of this rule change The law and legal opinion have also been could not only save almost $1 million each Footnotes at end of article. changing in their treatment of and view of July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23565 homosexual conduct. In 1955, the Model These apprehensions are not well founded. edged by school systems. The Board of Edu­ Penal Code of the American Law Institute It is clear from the work of Kinsey and the cation of the District of Columbia in May recommended removal of criminal penalties National Institute of Mental Health Task 1972 adopted a resolution prohibiting dis­ for sexual acts in private between consenting Force and from the growing number of crimination in hiring in the District's school adults, on the grounds that "No harm to openly homosexual men and women that gay system based on sexual orientation,2° and the secular interests of the Community is in­ and women span the entire range of person­ the Pennsylvania State Com.missioner of Ed­ volved in a typical sexual practice in private ality types, employment positions, and other ucation granted state certification to a pub­ between consenting adult partners." 8 There characteristics, just as heteorsexuals do. The licly-acknowledged homosexual. The Dis,trict are no federal penalties for such acts. In final report of the National Institute of of Columbia school system has subsequently 1961, Illlnols became the first state to repeal Mental Health's Task Force stated: reported that no problems have arisen as a all prohibitions against private homosexual "Homosexuality is not a unitary phenome­ result of its anti-discrimination policy.21 As acts involving consenting adults. Subse­ non, but rather represents a variety of phe­ indicated above, both the National Educa­ quently, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Con­ . nomena which take in a wide spectrum of tional Association {NEA) and the American necticut, Delaware, Hawa.11, Indiana, Maine, overt behaviors and psychological experi­ Federation of Teachers {AFT) have urged a.n New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, ences. end to discrimination against gay teachers. South Dakota, and Washington have enacted "Homosexual individuals can be found in Cases specifically involving school teachers similar legislation. In 1973, the American Bar all walks of life, at all socioeconomic levels, have begun to appear. The Supreme Court of Association adopted the following resolu­ among all cultural groups within American California has held that a homosexual school tion: society, and in rural as well as urban areas. teacher's loss of employment without evi­ "Resolved, that the legislatures of the sev­ Contrary to the frequently held notion that dence of a connection between the teacher's eral states are urged to repeal all laws which all homosexuals are alike, they are in fact private life and the ability to perform as a classify as crlmlnal conduct any form of non­ very heterogeneous." Ill teacher was a violation of due process under commercia.l sexual conduct between consent­ Such attitudes had an effect on employ­ the Fourteenth Amendment.22 A federal dis­ ing adults in private, saving only those por­ ment practices and policies, the Task Force trict court held recently that homosexuality tions which protect minors or public de­ found: per se could not be grounds for dismissal or corum." 11 "Present employment policies generally refusal to hire a teacher, although the teach­ The Report in support of the American deal with the homosexual individual as if er's transfer from teaching duties in that case Bar Association resolution stated: "Such homosexuallty were a specific and homogene­ was ultimately upheld because he had failed provisions apply to both heterosexual and ous category of behavior, and tends to ignore to reveal prior membership in a gay students' homosexual conduct, but are most often ap­ the wide range of variation that exists." 111 organization on his teaching application.28 plied against homosexuals, both in enforce­ The consequences of these attitudes and Homosexuals in other professions, includ­ ment of the statutes themselves and as the policies, the Task Force found, were severe, ing the legal professional, have also in the basis for discrimination against homosexuals both for the affected gay individuals them­ past been denied the right to engage in their on the ground that they are most likely selves and for society. profession because of their sexual orientation, violating the law." 10 This Committee and "Individual homosexuals suffer in being and have had to seek relief from the courts/u the Committee on Criminal Courts, Law and isolated from much of society and from the Homosexual groups seeking the benefits Procedure of this Association have previously fact that they live in a culture in which of corporate status, and gay student organi­ issued a report in support of legislation to homosexuality is considered maladaptive and zations seeking the same rights and bene­ repeal the prohibition against consensual opprobrious. Their families suffer in feeling fits as other student organizations have sodomy in the New York Penal Law. This responsible and in adjusting to the problem. had to resort to the courts to gain the pro­ Committee and the Committee on Civil Society at large inevitably loses in a number tection and benefits routinely granted to Rights of the Association have previously of ways-loss of manpower, economic costs, other similarly-situated non-gay groups.l!li issued a report in support of local New York human costs, etc. For these reasons {among Passage of federal anti-discrimination leg­ City legislation to prohibit discrimination others), efforts must be made at both the islation will eliminate v1:rtually all of the against homosexuals, and this Committee individual and social levels to deal with the 11 discrimination against gay people discussed. and the Committee on State Legislation have problems associated with homosexuality." above. In those instances which may not previously issued a report in support of simi­ The Task Force concluded that employ­ be specifically covered by pending legisla­ lar state legislation introduced in the New ment policies and practices with respect to tion, such as the granting of corporate status York Legislature. homosexuals should be changed. by a state to an organization, resort to the There is ample evidence of discrimination "It is recommended that there be a reas­ courts might still be necessary in some cases, against homosexuals in employment and sessment of current employment practices but the existence of a federal policy against other areas covered by the proposed legisla­ and policy relating to the employment of discrimination based on sexual orientation tion. The federal government itself partici­ homosexual individuals with a view toward would reduce the instances In which such pates in such discrimination. The United making needed changes. Discrimination in employment can lead to economic disen­ judicial relief would be necessary. States Civil Service Commission has an offi­ Since 1972, at least twelve American cities cial exclusionary policy directed against franchisement, thus engendering anxiety and have enacted some form of gay civil rights homosexuals under the heading of dismissal frustrating legitimate achievement motiva­ legislation: Detroit, Minneapolis, San Fran­ tion." 18 for "such case as will promote the efficiency cisco, Seattle, Columbus, St. Paul, the Dis­ of the service." 11 The military services make Legislation prohibiting dlscrim1nation trict of Columbia Portland, Ann Arbor and conslder·able efforts to exclude homosexuals.12 based on sexual orientation would not re­ East Lansing, MiChlgan, Alfred, New York, Homosexuals are also subject to attempts quire an employer to hire or a landlord to and Palo Alto, California. {The City of To­ to exclude them from Immigration Into the rent to an individual who was unacceptable ronto in Canada hM also taken similar ac­ United States or from citizenship once they for reason other than sexual orientation, any tion.) In New York City, a City Civil Service are here on the basis that homosexuality more than legislation prohibiting discriml­ and Personnel Department Polley prohibits per se 1s evidence of a lack of "good moral nation against women or against racial and discrimination based on sexual orientation character." 13 In a background study done for ethnic minorities has that effect. All such in hiring by the City government. These vari­ the National Institute of Mental Health's legislation does require is that for an individ­ ous local provisions, however, vary in the Task Force on Homosexuality, it was found ual otherwise qualified, sex, race, national or­ scope of their protection, and of course ex­ that sixteen percent of the sample had had igin, or sexual orientation in and of itself tend only over limited jurisdictions. There employment difficulties attri:butable to atti­ cannot be a disqualification for employment, is, therefore, in this area as in the area of tudes toward their homosexuality,. lncluding housing, or public accommodations. civil rights legislation for other minorities nine percent who had lost jobs on these Objection to legislation prohibiting dis­ and for women, a need for uniform national I . 1 grounds. • crimination against homosexuals ls some­ legislation. The pending federal legislation, Much of the resistance to hiring or rent­ times voiced by those concerned over the by amending the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ing or selling property to homosexuals, and prospect of having children taught by homo­ and certain other laws, would provide such much of the resistance to legislation p:ro­ sexual teachers. This objection is frequently uniform national protection against dis­ hibitlng discrimination against homosexuals, based on the fear that homosexuals are child crimination. has stem.med from the belief that all homo­ molesters and may seduce their children. Re­ CONCLUSION sexuals are alike and behave in a stereo­ searchers on the subject, however, agree that typed fashion. Such attitudes and beliefs child molestation is primarily engaged in by The Committee recommends enactment of were revealed in the study by the National a distinct category of persons who are exclu­ H.R. 5452 as a necessary measure to provide Institute of Mental Health's Task Force and sively attracted to children. "The man who uniform national protection against the dis­ in the testimony in opposition to anti-dis­ is sexually interested in children is rarely a crimination suffered by gay men and women crimination legislation at hearings held by homosexual with well-developed interests in in the United States. the New York City Councll. Opponents fear adult males ... more often, the offender ts a Adopted: June, 1975. that lf a.nt1-d1scrlm.1na.t1on legislation were single or married male who lives a. relatively Respectfully submitted, enacted, employers would be forced to hire conventional life with only sporadic or no CAROL BELLAMY, and landlords forced to rent to any homo­ adult homosexual contact." 1e Chair. sexual applicant, whether or not such appli­ Thus, there is no more reason to fear the FOOTNOTES _ cant would otherwise be a suitable em!)loyee homosexual teacher than the heterosexual 1 Introduced by Congresswoman Abzug on or tenant. one, and this fact is beginning to be acknowl- March ?.5. 1975, and co-sponsored by Repre- 23566 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 sentatives Burton, Koch, Nix, Dellums, reported case of molesta tion of a male. 20 improve the status of those citizens of Fauntroy, Harrington, Mccloskey, Stark, Sol­ Questions About Homosexuallty ( 1972, Gay East Europe denied their freedom by the ary, Richmond, Bingham, Rosenthal, Mitch­ Activists Alliance, New York, N.Y.). ell (Maryland), Fraser, Brown (Cali­ 20 The resolution, adopted May 28, 1972, Soviet Union. On May 14, 1976 the House fornia), Mineta, Waxman, Badillo, Rangel, reads as follows: of Representatives took concrete action Chisholm, Holtzman, Schroeder, and Studds. "The District of Columbia Board of Educa­ when it voted to establish a Commission Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. tion, after discussion and consideration, on Security and Cooperation in Europe 2 Act to prescribe penalties for certain acts hereby recognizes the right of each indi­ to monitor the Helsinki agreement. The of violence or intimidation, 42 U.S.C. 3631; vidual to freely choose a life style, 'as guar­ establishment of this Commission sig­ Education Amendments of 1972, P.L. 92-318. anteed under the Constitution and the Bill naled the U.S. intent to take seriously s A. Kinsey, W. Pomeroy & C. Martin, SEX­ of Rights. The Board further recognizes UAL BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN MALE (1948); that sexual orientation, in and of itself, does the Soviet Union's agreement to abide by A. Kinsey, W. Pomeroy, C. Martin & P. Geb­ not relate to ability in job performance or the Basket Three provisions concerning hard, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN FE­ service. cooperation in freer cultural and educa­ MALE (1953). "Therefore it is resolved that henceforth it tional exchanges as well as increased 'New York Times, December 16, 1973; New shall be the policy of all departments and contacts between separated friends and York Times, April 9, 1974. services of the educational system under the families and the ability to emigrate. The 5Id. jurisdiction and control of the District of high hopes of Basket Three to date have 6 RESOLUTION ON HOMOSEXUALS AND THE Columbia Board of Education to promote a. LAW, adopted April 12, 1969, Council for policy of non-discrimination in hiring, em­ remained largely high hopes. However, Christian Social Action of the United Church ployment, promotion, tenure, retirement in the establishment of the Commission of Christ. and/or job classification practices, within and in its commemoration of Captive Na­ 7 Resolution, ON PRIVATE SEXUAL MORALITY, such jurisdiction and control, relative to the tions Week, the U.S. Congress reaffirms adopted by the Council of the Episcopal Dio­ sex or the personal sexual orientation of any its pledge to help those people who cese of New York, MaTch 18, 1971. individual(s) regardless of past, present, through their wealth of ideas, efforts, 8 AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE, MODEL PENAL and/ or future status of such individual(s). and feelings have givep so much to the CoDE § 207, Comment 227-78 (Tent. Draft "This policy is to be implemented forth­ No. 4, 1955) . with and published through the regular heritage of freedom and democracy of 9 4 HUMAN RIGHTS 67 (1974). channels.'' the United States. 10 Id. at 68-69. 21 Telegram from Marion Barry, President, 11 5 U.S.C. § 7501 (a). See generally, Note, District of Columbia Board of Education, to Government-Created Employment Disabili­ Dr. Bruce Voeller, April 17, 1974, on file a.t ties of the Homosexual, 82 Harv. L. Rev. 1738 the offices of the National Gay Task Force, SEYMOUR'S GRAND LADY MISS (1968), and Government Employment and New York, N.Y. KATHARINE MATTHIES the Homosexual, 45 ST. JoHN's L. REV. 303 22 Morrison v. State Board of Education, (1967). 1 Cal. 3d 214, 461 P. 2d 375, 82 Cal. Rptr. 175 HON. RONALD A. SARASIN :u? Army Regulations AR 40-501, 2-34(A) (1969). OF CONNECTICUT (2) (December 5, 1960), for example, list 23 Acanfora v. Board of Education of Mont­ "overt homosexuality" as a cause for rejec­ gomery County, 491 F. 2d 498 (4th Cir. 1974), IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion for employment, enlistment, or induc­ cert. denied -- U.S. -- ( 1974). Thursday, July 22, 1976 tion. Such discrimination is beginning to be 24 In re Kimball, 33 N.Y. 2d 686, 347 N.Y.S fought, however. See "Homosexual Chall­ 2d 453 (1973). Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, America enges Service Discharge," New York Ttmes, p. has been bunt from the love, dedication, 1, May 26, 1975. 20 Owles v. Lomenzo, 31 N.Y. 2d 965, 341 In re Thom, 13 At least one federal court, however, has N.Y.S. 2d 108 (1973); 53 N.Y 2d and involvement of the citizens of this held that the Immigration and Naturaliza­ 609, 347 N.Y.S. 2d 571 (1973); Woods v. Davi­ country, of their concern over the world son, 351 F. Supp. 643 (N.D.Ga. 1972); Gay tion Service's policy cannot be applie~ to ex­ around them and the future that we all clude a person from citizenship who has en.. Students Organization of the University of can build. One such individual, the pride gaged only in private consensual homosexual New Hampshire v. Bonner, 367 F. Supp. 1088 of Seymour, Conn., is Miss Katharine conduct. In re Labady, 326 F. Supp. 924 (S.D. (D.N.H. 1974). aff'd 509 F.2d 652 (1st Cir. 1974). Matthies, a lifelong resident of that N.Y.1971). town. 1' REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON HOMO­ Miss Matthies has been quietly devot­ SEXUALITY, National Institute of Mental Health (1972). · JULY IS THE MONTH wmcH MARKS ing herself to improving the well-being Uid. atp. 2. TWO GREAT REVOLUTIONS of her fellow citizens for a number of 16 Id. at p. 6. years. In honor of her many contribu­ 17 Id. at p. 2. tions, the Seymour Bicentennial Com­ lB Id. at p. 6. HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT mission selected Miss Matthies to be the 19J. Gagnon and W. Simon, SEXUAL EN­ OF DELAWARE grand marshal of the Seymour Bicen­ COUNTERS BETWEEN ADULTS AND CHILDREN at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tennial parade. While this honor tradi­ p. 11 (1970). In V. Defrances, PROTECTING tionally is given to a prominent male THE CHILD VICTIM OF SEX CRIMES BY ADULTS Thursday, July 22, 1976 at p. 38 (1969), a study of sex crimes against citizen of the town or a military man, children over a five year period from 1962- Mr. DU PONT. Mr. Speaker, July is the the commissi'On selected Miss Matthies 1967 revealed that 10 to 12 female children month which marks the commemoration because of "her "deep sense of loyalty were victlll).S for every male child victim, of two great revolutions for independ­ to her town and community in general. and that the offenders against female chil­ ence, the American and the French. The committee felt that Miss Matthies dren were heterosexual w'hlle the offenders July 14 is Bastille Day, the French na­ has demonstrated over the years a deep against male children were homosexual. tional celebration of the 1789 Paris up­ concern for the welfare of others by Thus the percent of homosexual child mo­ rising that led to the French Revolution awarding financial assistance to many lesters for that period was less than the and the establishment of the First Re­ local and area organizations, to indi­ percent ~f homosexuals in the total popula­ tion as indicated by the Kinsey studies, public in France. The United States has, viduals and to the town of Seymour." supra at note 3. See also Gebhard and Gag­ just this month, feted the Bicentennial The honor bestowed UPon Miss Mat­ non, Male Sex Offenders Against Very Young of its own 1776 struggle for independ­ thies was certainly well-deserved, giv­ Children, 121 Am. J. Psychiatry 576 (1964) ence. ing Seymour the opportunity to show (Out of a study group of 60 male sex of­ In the midst of these proud celebra­ respect and admiration to her for her fenders against children under 5, all but 7 tions of independence, however, it is outstanding example of citizenship. were convicted for offenses against female important to remember those who, children}; REPORT OF THE COMM. ON HOMO­ Miss Matthies, the honorary vice SEXUAL OFFENSES AND PROSTITUTION, Great despite their desire and their efforts to president general of the National Society, Britain. establish their freedom, are not free but Daughters of the American Revolution, 57 at 45--46 (1963}; and P. Gebhard, captive. Not only freedom but the dignity has received many honors for her efforts J. Gagnon, w. Pomeroy and C. Christenson, of civil and human rights are denied to on behalf of others. Most recently, the SEX OPFENDERS (1965). Nor does there seem these citizens of the captive nations. Conn€cticut Society, Sons of the Ameri­ to be any basis for fear that homosexual Just as more than ceremonies devoted can Revolution, presented the National teachers, while they may not be interested. to the memory of 1776 are necessary to Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ in young children, may molest adolescents. For example, in the history of the New York maintain and promote the democratic tion's Medal of Appreciation to Miss City school system, while there have been values and ideals for which the United Matthies for her dedication to duty in many reported cases of molestation of fe­ States stands, more than words of sym­ chapter, State and National DAR o:mces. males, as of 1971 there had only been one pathy and commemoration are needed to Her participation in community orga- July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23567 nizations is extensive. She holds an ac­ "For him, politics was the finest way to posed of states within such regions which en­ tive membership in over 55 organizations, use your own talents to the fullest, to test joy, as nearly as possible, a community of including the State Audubon Society; your own endurance and . energy to lt.s interests on questions of national, interna­ the National Parks Association; the Mu­ limits, and most importantly to use that tional and statewide interests; and tal~nt and energy to help the most vul­ Whereas, Primary elections would be held seum of Natural History; the Humane nerable members of our society, those dis­ in each of the states within such region on Society; New Haven Women's Philatelic advantaged by illness or handicaps, by age the same day and according to the applicable Society; the Antiquarian and Land­ or by poverty. provisions of each state's election law and marks Society; the Brooklyn Botanic " ... He will always be in our memory to such regional elections would be conducted Gardens; American Legion Auxiliary, remind us of the best we can hope to become, at u niform intervals of two or three weeks; Emil Senger Unit 10; the Society for the a compassionate person who made the world now, therefore, be it Protection of the New Hampshire For­ a better place." Resolved, That the Congress of the United ests, the National Wildlife Association, States be and is hereby with all due respect, memorialized to undertake a study designed the Connecticut Arboretum Association, NEW YORK STATE SENATE RESOLU­ to formulate legislation in implementing a the DAV auxiliary, the Marine Histori­ TION ON PRESIDENTIAL PRI- National Regional Presidential Primary Sys.; cal Association. ~RIES . tern; and· be it further Miss Matthies has served as director Resolved, That copies of this resolution, of the Seymour Public Library, includ­ suitably engrossed, be transmitted to the ing several terms as president from 1957 HON. EDWARD I.- KOCH President and Vice-President of the United through 1967. She served as the presi­ OF NEW YORK States, the secretary · of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives of the dent of the Seymour Red Cross and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Seymour Public Health Association, and United States and to each member of the Thursday, July 22, 1916 Congress of the United States from the State is honorary director of Griffin Hospital. 9f New York. All of Miss Matthies activities are Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, on June 26, oriented toward preserving and improv­ 1976, the New York State Senate addpted ing that which is beautiful in the life a resolution introduced by Senate Ma­ HAWAII GOVERNOR'S BICENTEN­ of Americai-:-its environment, j.ts history, jority Leader Warren M. Anderson urg­ NIAL CONFERENCE ON AGING IS its education and its people. Her devo­ ing Congress to revise the present sys­ MAJOR SUCCESS-MATSUNAGA tion to others is nothing short of out­ tem of Presidential primary elections. standing, her life is a model for all who The resolution calls for a national re­ know her or have been touched by her gional primary system and proposes the HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA concerns, and she is providing this coun­ division of the country into regions, each OF aAWAII try with one of the most important composed of States sharing mutual in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gifts-a rich legacy of comp~ssion, con­ terests. Thursday, July 22, 1976 cern, and dedication. I would like· to bring this resolution to the attention of our colleagues: Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, last month I was privileged to participate in SENATE RESOLUTION No. 83 POLITICS CAN BE RIGHT the Hawaii Governor's Bicentennial Con­ Senate ~esolution of the State of New York memorializing the Congress of the United ference on Aging in Honolulu. There were HON. RICHARD BOLLING Stat es to revise by legislation the present hundreds of delegates and dozens of system of presidential primary elections panel participants in a wide-ranging OF MISSOURI by instituting a national regional presi­ conference that lasted 5 days. IN-THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dential primary system Many of the features of the Hawaii · Thursday, July 22, 1976 Whereas, with the completion of the final conference were unique-the strong em­ presidential primaries of 1976 in the states of phasis on intercultural problems of the Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, we re­ California, Ohio and New Jersey the nation elderly, the presence of some 75 youth call with sadness in recent weeks the enjoys a temporary respite from the weekly delegates, the keynote address by U.S. death of an able and dedicated congres­ barrage of presidential primaries which com­ Commissioner on Aging, Arthur Flem­ sional employee, Wes Barthelmes. menced in mid-February in the state of New ming. But perhaps the most important Let us draw strength and hope-for Hampshire; and Whereas, it is the well-reasoned belief of product of the conference was the re­ ourselves and for our country-from the affirmation of the need to improve our editorial tribute in the July 15 Oregon the Senate speaking on behalf of the citi­ zenry of New York State that the system of efforts to draw on older Americans them­ Journal which follows: presidential primaries as they have been con­ selves as a valuable resource for the POLITICS CAN BE RIGHT ducted this year and in past president ial country. In the wake of Watergate and spy stories election years is not only financially burden­ For my part, I was happy to trace for and sex scandals, it is too- easy to believe ing to the nation's taxpayers but also contrib­ the 1,600 delegates some of the achieve­ that all is rotten in Washington. utive to a growing sense of confusion shared That all is not was emphasized recently by the electorate in their conscientious ments and remaining tasks of the House in an unusual eulogy on the Senate floor. search to choose a candidate most qualified Select Committee on Aging, of which I The person memorialized was ·not a sen­ to serve as President of the United States; chair the Subcommittee on Federal, ator or a congressman or a high government and State and Community Services. Under official. He was a Senate staffer, one of the Whereas, The present system of presidential the leadership of its distinguished chair­ legion of congressional employes who can primaries has made it virtually impossible for man, the gentleman from Missouri, Mr. type and whose dedication to principle and all but the extremely wealthy to enter the WM. J. RANDALL, the full committee has knowledge of government makes the system weekly cross-country forays into state pri­ work. undertaken a number of important ini­ mary elections, thereby forcing candidates tiatives to improve the quality of life for Wes Barthelmes, who died at 54 of brain dependent on federal funding and their own cancer, was not well known in Oregon. But moderate resources to select state' primaries older Americans. he helped hundreds of people here--who · where their chances for success at the polls In the hope that they will be of inter­ never knew his name--as administrative as­ appear to warrant making the run; and est to my colleagues and other readers of sistant to former Rep. Edith Green. the RECORD, I insert at this point the text Later he moved to the Senate side, and it Whereas, It would seem to be in the best was there' that his memory was honored in interests of the nation's voters that a Na­ of my remarks to the conference, and of a remarkable ceremony by two senators for tional Regional Presidential Primary System, a resolution from the Hawaii State Com­ whom he had worked-Joseph Biden of Dela­ if it were to be adopted by Congress and im­ mission on Aging relating to the con­ ware and Frank Church of Idaho-and by plemented by the states, would go far to ference. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, for whose eradicate the ills and misconceptions that exist under the present system of presidential GROWING OLD IN PARADISE: LESSONS F.OR THE late brother Robert Bartheimes had worked. NATION Kennedy, the last to speak, explained why primaries; and (By Hon. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA) Barthelmes' death "is such an enormous loss Whereas, The Senate of the State of New to Capitol Hill and the nation" in a com­ York, while demurring to the wisdom of Con­ Ladies and gentlemen, Aloha: ment that has meaning for us all: gress, proposes that such a National Regional Thank you Mr. Ted Hussey for that gracious "I am saddened to think that those young Presidential Primary System could be divided introduction. I'm reminded of what Adlai people who may have become discouraged into six regional elections to be held in slx Stevenson once said, after listening to a 15- with politics as a career as a result of Water­ national regions, such as in the Northeast, minute personal tribute from someone in­ gate did not have the opportunity to know Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, Northwest troducing him at a speaking engagement. Wes. and the Picific. Such regions would be com- Stevenson got up, thanked the person and 23568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 said. "After listening to a.11 the great things the elderly, and to focus national attention That such a situation could still exist in said about me, I can hardly wait to hear on the successes that many of those programs the Paradise of the Pacific, with one of the myself talk." had enjoyed., most enllghtened social service systems in I'm very happy to be here with you today My subcommittee traveled to each of Ha­ the nation, is shocking and horrifying. It at this Governor's Conference on Aging to waii's four counties, held six hearing sessions, dramatically lllustrates the gaps and defi­ commemorate the Bicentennial of our Na­ heard many witnesses, and published four ciencies in the present system. We must heed tion's birth. Combined with the program volumes of hearings. I sent copies of the the word Dr. Flemming spoke, in opening so far, what you will be experiencing as dele­ hea.rlngs to many of you, but if anyone the 1971 White House Conference on Aging: gates over the next few days promises to be Wishes a copy of any of the hearing volumes, "The cry of older persons throughout our one of the most exciting and productive please drop me a note. nation ls, act: Do not write about me, do conferences of this kind ever held in Ha­ What we found in Hawa11 was both heart­ not even talk about me-but act." waii-or anywhere else in America. Its suc­ ening and, in some instances, disquieting. And so my subcommittee and I went back cess wlll no doubt be attributable to dozens We found State and local ofilcials coop­ to Washington, and began a variety of ac­ of people responsible for organizing and erating on aging programs to a degree seldom tions. The Select Committee on Aging is not staging the conference, but I'd like to single seen on the mainland. Area agencies on aging a legislative committee, and that means it out one person for a special word of praise. in other States have come to us in Congress, cannot report bllls to the House floor itself. I refer, of course, to the conference director, pleading that they be rescue~ from the But we acted in every manner at our dis­ and the chairman of the Ha.wail Commission clutches of their State omce of aging. In Ha­ posal. on Aging for the past two years-Mrs. Shimeji wau there was none of that--area agencies To grapple with the problems of lack of Kanazawa. have their differences with the State omce, of information about federal programs, I direct­ It's been over a year since Shim first spoke course, but they talk them over regularly, ed the compilation of an easy-to-read direc­ to me about taking part in the conference. and iron them out. What we saw 1n Ha.wall tory of federal programs benefltting the I was happy to accept her invitation, but was mutual respect for abllities and inten­ elderly. It should be ready for distribution she didn't stop there. She told me, "We're tions. later this summer. trying to get Commissioner Flemming to We found a transportation system in Bono.­ After turther subcommittee hea.rlngs on participate, too--could you help us convince lulu providing free rides to those aged 65 crime v1ct1m1zation of the elderly, I was suc­ him?" And you can ask Dr. Flemming-I yea.rs or older, at all times of the day and cessful 1n including several of my proposals, managed to bring up the topic every time I night. in legislation now approved by the House saw him during the months that followed, We found a growing number of day care Judiciary Committee, that wlll focus on re­ and he agreed to come. centers for the elderly-including the first ducing crime against the elderly. Then Shim said to me, "We're trying to and oldest one 1n the country at Kuakini We began a major inquiry into transporta­ get. a grant from the Administration on Hospital. tion problems of the elderly across the coun­ Aging to help bring young people to the con­ We found hundreds of older persons serv­ try, and issued a sharply worded report just ference--could: you help us?" Shim, as those ing as volunteers--foster grandparents, se­ last month, with recommendations for who know her, is very persuasive, and I did a nior companions and RSVP volunteer&­ changes in the law and in current regula­ little informal lobbying with Dr. Flemming. serving others and keeping themselves more tions. Again, the result was favorable. involved in meaningful activities. Recognlzlng that the Older Americans Act, So I feel a special kinship with ti:lis con­ We found outstanding programs at the which funds state omces and area agencies ference and its participants. The more than Hawall State senior Center, and other cen­ on aging, 1s the key to comprehensive serv­ one year of work Shim Kanazawa, Riley Yee, ters in the State, which compare favorably ice dellvery to the elderly, I worked with Renji Goto and their colleagues have put in with the best in the country. other senior members of the aging commit­ on the conference ls self-evident, and I was But while most of what the subcommittee tee-both democrats and republlcans-to pleased to lend a hand when it was neces­ saw and heard was encouraging, there were insure better funding levels. sary. moments that reminded us of how far we yet We testified. before the House Appropria­ It's been just over a year, also, since I need to travel to bring a decent life to all tions Committee and succeeded in raising its was named by the Speaker of the House senior citizens in America. recommended funding levels, but their re­ to serve on a new select Committee on Aging We found elderly people in Kone. on the sponse was inadequate, so we went to the in the House of Representatives. Some of you big island living in shacks with no plumbing. House floor and oft'ered amendments !or in­ may know that the Senate has had a com­ We found seniors on the neighbor islands, creased funding. All the amendments were mittee on aging since 1961. I had been trying and rural parts of Oahu, who couldn't take adopted. The Appropriations Committee ta to get a similar committee establtshed in ad.vantage of free buses-because there were now considering the funding level for next the House for years-I had sponsored resolu­ no buses. year. This time, when senior members of the tions to create an aging committee for sev­ We found two out of three elderly tenants Select Committee on Aging, myself included, eral Congresses, but without success. Fi­ living in substandard apartments. Of those certain recommendations in behalf of the na.lly, in 1974, a major committee reform pro­ who owned homes, a large percentage faced elderly the Appropriations Committee was posal came to the Floor of the House. I major housing deficiencies. much more responsive. The result: the fiscal joined with other interested Members of We found that thousands of senior citizens year 1977 appropriations level for the Older the House in support of an amendment have no access at all to a senior center. Americans Act--the period beglnnlng Octo­ creating a permanent Select Committee on We found that, contrary to stories of abuse ber 1 of this year-wlll be at least $482 mil­ Aging. As a sponsor and staunch supporter among food stamp recipients, 70% of the lion, or about 60 % higher than the amount of the measure, I was elated over the over­ older Americans in Hawaii eligible for food actually being expended right now. whelmingly success of the amendment--the stamps were not even receiving them. As for senior centers, I personally offered a vote was 323 to 84. The S'elect committee held We found that many of those who worked floor amendment doubling the amount ap­ its first meeting at the beginning of this in programs serving the elderly were unaware propriated for FY 1976 to help construct and of many federal programs designed to benefit renovate ~ulti-purpose senior centers under Congress, in March 1975. them. There was confusion and general lack In the brief time allotted me this after­ title V of the Older Americans Act. That of reliable information about available re­ brought the total to $5 mllllon, and it noon, I would like to share with you a few sources. of the highlights of this past year-an ac­ marked the first time a single dollar had been counting of my stewardship, so to speak, to We found apprehension about personal appropriated under title V since it was first let you know what this new Select Commit­ safety so acute that many of the elderly enacted in 1973. The amount for 1977 w1ll be tee on Aging, and I as the chain.nan of its wouldn't leave their own homes, even during at least $10 mlllion, and I am presently con­ daylight hours. sidering another fioor amendment later this subcommittee on Federal, State, and com­ And perhaps the most heartrending story munity services, have been doing. month to double that, to $20 million. I know IJ?.Y subcommittee heard came from the lips Ha.wall wlll get its fair share of this money. After a prellmlnary round of bri~flngs from of a young OEO outreach worker from the agencies that run programs for which my Waianae-Nanakuli district office. Let me These a.re a few of the major steps the subcommittee was responsible. I directed quote directly from that dedicated young House Select Committee on Aging has taken the staff to prepare for field hearings where woman's eloquent testimony: since I chaired the hearings in Hawaii last we could find out first-hand from older "We found a 75-year-old man living in a November. I should emphasize, however, that Americans and those who serve them the duck pen-not a duck pen converted into they are but interim steps: Identifying the dimensions of the problems they were fac­ living quarters, but one he actually shared areas of greatest, most immediate need, and ing, how present Federal programs were with the ducks. His social security check directing our inadequate resources toward working in the field, and ways to seek im­ was going to the landlord; the old man said them. "Cast me not off in the time of old provement. Hearings were held in Connecti­ it was being saved for him, so that he could age" the Psalmist said, "foresake me not cut, Nf'w Jersey, California, and New York, return to the Ph11ippines. When we asked when my strength fa.Heth." This is the short­ to seek the viewpoints of those directly him if he would like to come to our meals run task. involved in elderly programs, and to save program, he said, 'No need kau-kau; I eat Looking ahead, what may well be an even those witnesses the expense and trouble of house slop.'" large task lies ahead. traveling to Washington, D.C. The tragic irony in this story, the out­ The Census Bureau reported this week over the Thanksgiving recess last fall, I reach worker added, was that the man was that, between now and the year 2'030, if pres­ brought my subcommittee to Hawa.11. My qualified for a free return trip to the Ph111p­ ent trends continue, the proportion of Amer­ purpose was two-fold: 'To determine what pines under the terms of the ILWU-Sugar ican aged 65 and older will grow from about gaps existed, if any, in the programs serving Growers Contract. one in ten today to one in six. In Ha.wall the July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23569 growth will be even faster, as our relatively from the Department of Social Services and The memories of the many times of joy young population ages. Housing, the County Area Agencies on Aging, and the problems shared together w1ll Not only will our elderly population be many private agencies, citizen volunteers too greatly help in easing the sense of loss which larger, and larger proportionately, but it w1ll numerous to mention, all pitching in to­ is felt by her fainily and many friends. be different in composition. They will be gether under the untiring leadership of the May we, thus, offer this token of the pro­ better educated, more mobile, more active in Director of your Conference, Mrs. ShimeJi found sympathy we share with family and every way. They will be more involved in na­ Kanazawa; now, therefore, be it friends in honor of a truly magnanimous tional and international events, as this con­ Resolved, That the Hawaii Governor's Bi­ person. ference clearly envisions. The focus of Fed­ centennial Conference on Aging participants, RICHARD F. CELESTE, eral and other programs for the elderly will one and all, do hereby extend their con­ Lieutenant Governor. have to shift to reflect these changes. gratulations for a most successful and mean­ Senator PAULE. GILLMOR, We should be prepared, as I have heard ingful conference on · aging and heartfelt Second Senatorial Dtstrlct. Shim Kanazawa say, for the "graying" of the thanks to Governor Ariyoshi for his sensi­ Senator DONALD E. LUKENS, university, and of other community insti­ tivity to the needs of the aging and aged, his Fourth Senatorial Dtstrlct. tutions now thought of as completely within farsightedness and thoughtfulness, his deep the province of the young. I pledge my best concern, courage, and willingness to find new efforts toward meeting both the immediate, and innovative ways to solve human prob­ and the long-range challenge. lems; and be it further CUBANS KEEP LOW PROFILE IN I have said many times, even before I en­ Resolved, That we, the conference par­ ANGOLA tered public life, that one can judge the qual­ ticipants shall endeavor to carry out with ity of a society-even its capacity for sur­ renewed energy and understanding what we vival-by examining the way that society have learned at this landmark image-chang­ HON. LARRY McDONALD ing conference on aging where the young and cares for its elderly citizens. I trust that gen­ OF GEORGIA erations from now, archeologists will deter­ old exchanged thoughts and ideas; and be mine that America remained great for cen­ it further IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES turies, and that greatness was reflected most Resolved, That a true copy of this Resolu­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 brilliantly in its concern for its elderly. What tion, adopted this evening of Thursday, June you here at this conference, and I in Con­ 10, 1976, be presented to the Honorable Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, CUban gress, are about, is assuring that old age in George R. Ariyoshi, Governor of this great mercenaries are still fighting and dy1ng America will be, as Cicero described it, "The State of Ha.wall and Mrs. Ariyoshi; the Presi­ in Angola and no one seems to know 1f crown of life, our play's last a.ct." dent of the Senate and Speaker of the House any are really going home. But Angola Thank you very much. of the Hawaii State Legislature; the Chief being treated all the benefits of a Justice of the State Supreme Court; and the 1s to President of the United States of America; , mercenary army and the Cuban soldiers RESOLUTION No. 51 the United States Commissioner on Aging; are, evidently, happily looting Angola, To report to the Honorable George R. Ari­ Chairman of the Federal Council on Aging; while preparing it for the all leveling and yoshi, Governor, State of Hawaii, the com­ Hawa11's Congressional Delegates; the United grinding poverty of Marxism. The article pletion of all major activities scheduled States Senate Special Committee on Aging; from the Washington Star of July 14, for the Hawaii Governor's Bicentennial the United States House of Representatives by Hugh Mulligan of the Associated Conference on Aging and to thank him for 1976, House Select Committee on Aging; and other Press tollows: conducting this most meaningful, land­ community leaders who enthusiastically sup­ CUBANS KEEP Low PROFILE IN ANGOLA mark conference ported this unique multi-cultural participa­ Whereas, the Honorable George R. Ariyoshi, tory conference. (By Hugh A. Mulligan) Governor, State of Ha.wail, opened the Bawa.ii LuANoA.-The bulky, pudgy-faced men Governor's Bicentennial Conference on Aging wandering around downtown in Fidel Castro at 10:30 a.m. on June 8, 1976, in the Kaua.l peak caps and green fatigues seemed a bit Room of the Sheraton-Waikiki Hotel with IN MEMORY OF MRS. ANDREW J. old for Cuban soldiers, and they conversed an overflow crowd of participants, young SUSCE loudly among themselves in Russian. and olc., attending the most colorful and The top security guards at the recent trial enthusiastic ceremony; and of 13 white mercenaries all wore Angolan Whereas, the Kupuna Luncheon honoring HON. CHARLES J. CARN·EY army uniforms. But they listened to the the Eight Outstanding Older Americans of OF OHIO proceedings in Spanish, not Portuguese, on Hawaii for 1976 with over 1,600 attending IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their translation head sets and smoked Ha­ was lleld immediately thereafter, having as vana cigars during the court recesses. its keynote speaker the first U.S. Commis­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 Out at "Cuban Beach," so called because sioner on Aging to visit Hawaii, Dr. Arthur Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, the Ohio the Cubans swim where the barbed wire be­ S. Flemming; and Senate recently passed a resolution re­ gins, the bearded Che Guevara types in the Whereas, in his wisdom Governor Ariyoshi garding the untimely passing of Mrs. baggy trunks playing volleyball turned out has taken the bold step of creating the new to be Bulgarians. Executive Office on Aging in his Office by the Andrew J. Susce. With the Russians trying to look like signing of H.B. No. 62 passed by the 1976 I wish to offer my most sincere sym­ Cubans and the Cubans trying to look like Ha.wall State Legislature; and pathy and condolences to the family and Angolans, and everyone else trying to look Whereas, the "Overview On Aging," Con­ friends of Mrs. Susce. She was truly a like someone else, especially the few remain­ gressional Reports on Aging, the Seniors very warm and understanding individual ing Portuguese, it's a bit puzzling in the Speak Out On National Issues, and the Gov­ who will be greatly missed. I insert in the Angolan revolutionary drama to tell the ernor·s Aloha Reception concluded the open­ RECORD the resolution passed by the Ohio players by their uniforms. ing day of the Conference with great success; The Angolan government insists the 15,000 and Senate at this time. Cuban soldiers who helped the Marxist Popu­ Whereas, the second conference day with The resolution follows: lar Movement win the civil war in February its International Panel presenting research IN MEMORY OF Mas. ANDREW SUSCE are being phased out and sent home at the papers pertaining to the aging in Hawaii, On behalf of the members of the Senate rate of several hundred a month. New China, Sweden, Japan, Phllippines and of the lllth General Assembly of Ohio, we But this is dtmcult to confirm since both YugoslaVia., the conduct of the first of three offer our most sincere sympathy and con­ Luanda's airport and harbor are off limits and Mini-Workshop Sessions, the Youth Dele­ dolences to the fainily and friends of Mrs. heavily guarded with the Cubans in charge gates Meeting, and the evening Medical In­ Andrew Susce on the untimely passing of of security. put Programs were conducted; and one of Ohio's finest citizens. American, Canadian and British pilots and Whereas, the final day of major activities Her personal sacrifices of time and en­ airline maintenance men who spend a lot which included the discussion of the role of ergy to family, friends, and community wlll of time at the field report that occasion.al the University, the two concluding sessions certainly live beyond and will long be re­ planeloads of Cubans still arrive in the of the mini-workshops, Aikane Luncheon membered by all those who knew and loved country, including a number of female with discussion on the "Future of Aging," her. soldiers and even dependents. were held and now this Aloha Banquet to­ The patience and wisdom which can only But the only ones they say they ever see night; and be gained through sharing your life with going home are the dead in aluminum boxes Whereas, there never was such hospitality others were hallmarks of her life as she lived ticketed to Havana. provided at a conference on aging anywhere and shared Ufe to its fullest. The government radio's on-the-hour in­ that we know of, on a continuous dally basis, The warmth and understanding which she vective against "klller bandits" and "neo­ as was provided in the Hawaiian Hospitality always extended to others will stand not only colonialist marauders in the countryside" Room; and as a tribute to a truly fine human being, but leaves little doubt that the sporadic but Whereas, the conference support and co­ will also stand as an exemplary life which heavy guerrllla fighting by the defeated ordination were made possible by your Com­ manifested all those virtues which inspire UNITA faction near the south African border mission on Aging members and staff, staff and assist others. and along the vLtal Benguela. Railroad ls 23570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 2.2, 1976 taking its toll of Cuban units engaged in Zakopane, Wieliczka, Kazimierz, Os­ beneficial agreements with the Soviet mopping up operations. wiecim, Chorzow, Klodzko, and Polanica. Union, we must be careful and prudent. A Yugoslav freighter which left Luanda I am sending a letter to the officials of Our constant vigilence is necessary so we for Havana recently may have had some do not lose sight of the condition of life homebound troops aboard. A Portuguese those cities, which the members of the businessman, one of the few left, said that choir will be taking with· them. I believe in Eastern Europe as we work for lasting from his office window overlooking the port the city of Warren and the State of peace. he could see Cuban noncommissioned of­ Michigan are also preparing items which Finally, we live now in a global com­ ficers supervising the loading of spol'lts cars, will be suitable for presentation to these munity facing problems of global propor­ limousines, motor bikes and some new earth­ officials. tions. To allow the millions who call moving equipment and forklift trucks "liber­ I would like to take this opportunity to Eastern Europe their home to be smoth­ ated" from downt own automobile show­ express my gratitude to these cities and ered in repressive societies is a betrayal rooms or left behind by the Portuguese who their leaders for their hospitality in co­ to humanity and our own ideals that we fled after independence. In general, how­ ever, the Cubans have kept a very low pro­ operating in this undertaking. can ill afford. file in Luanda, rarely getting into •trouble At a time when there is often mis­ Many geniuses no doubt are being at the few beer gardens serving beer for a understanding and mistrust among na­ crushed behind what essentially remains few hours a day, always going about in their tions in different parts of the world; I an Iron Curtain. Individual freedom and own groups, avoiding the prostitutes who believe it is especially important for con­ initiative are being smothered. Irrational work from the street corners of the slums, tacts of this type to continue, in order · fear of authority and the police still now that the bordellos have been closed as to establish and strengthen the bonds of dominates the lives of these people. coun.terrevol u tionary. friendship which hopefully one day will Until such oppression and abuse are Around the country, according to people who traveled about since the war ended, the unite all people. eliminated, the least we can do is to re­ Cuban military bearing is less exemplary. mind the world that it exists and that "In Lubango," said a young woman who we never will recognize it as the accept­ was allowed to visit her sick mother there, able state in which millions live. "they are breaking into houses and stealing CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK the furniture to send home to Cuba. Some soldiers are going home from the airport, and every plane is loaded with automobiles taken HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN WILLIAM RYAN, NEW PRESIDENT away from the shop owners and ·bu.Sines$ OF PENNSYLVANIA OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION people. All the taxis a1.ready are in Havana; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF BLUE SHIELD PLANS those that weren't taken off to Lisbon when the Pol'ltuguese fled." Thursday, July 22, 1976 Lubango, she said, "is a terrible place now. Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, only a HON. PHILIP M. CRANE People disappear in the night and are not few days ago the United States was cele­ OF ILLINOIS heard from again. Some are sent to pick coffee. My best friend, a teacher and a leader brating its Bicentennial, commemorat­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing the dissolution of our ties with an in the Popular Movement, was taken off to Thursday, July 22, 1976 prison for six months for criticizing the be­ empire that failed to respect the wishes havior of the troops." and aspirations of the people of the Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in recent Angola's coffee harvest, once a $500 mlllion­ American colonies. While this struggle is years a considerable amount of attention a~year · export item second only to oil in the history to our generation, the striving for has been focused on the many complexi­ national budget, is now ready for picking freedoms in which we have such pride ties of the health care field. As Congress and the army, with Cuban advisers, is help­ ing round up the laborers. continues today. Thus, we mark Captive continues to deliberate on our health care Drunks and petty criminals are immedi­ Nations Week from July 18 through 24. problem, I would urge that before a major ately sentenced to help with the harvest, as It would be far too easy to ignore the health public policy is formulated, that is anyone caught lounging around town plight of the Captive Nations of Europe we evaluate all the possible alternatives without a work permit, which is why the as engrossed as we are with our own in- and costs in the light of today's environ­ beaches are always empty. terests and problems in our Bicentennial ment and that of the future. We have With most of the professional class and Year. To do so, however, would be to fail witnessed, in the private sector, a rapid the skilled workers gone to Portugal, Angola in our responsibility as the foremost rep- growth of the role of private health in­ has a desperate need for the Cuban doctors, engineers, electronic technicians and me­ resentative democracy in the world to- surance coverage. Before the National chanics coming to help rebuild Angola. day. We have observed Captive Nations Health Insurance debate reached ·na­ Week for 18 years and must continue to tional prominence, private sector car­ remind the world that tyranny still riers had been and continue to be dedi­ sti:fies the lives of millions. cated in identifying and improving areas WARREN, MICH., CHOIR TO TOUR The people of Hungary, Czechoslo- of health coverage, and they continue to POLAND vakia and, most recently, Poland have work in seeking appropriate solutions to shown through their actions that they this problem. Currently, over 90 percent remain intent in wanting roles in shap- of the American population, under the HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD ing the world in which they live. Individ- age of 65, is covered by some form of OF MICHIGAN ually, and in groups, the people of Al- health care coverage. It is appropriate at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithu- this time, as Mr. William Ryan assumes ania, and Romania all have demon- his new duties as the president of the Thursday, July 22, 1976 strated that they want to exercise con- National Association of Blue Shield Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, I am trol over their own destinies, free from Plans, to compliment him and the asso­ pleased to publicly recognize an upcom­ the imposition of dogmatic and arbitrary ciation for their salutary dedication to ing tour of Poland by the Warren Woods restraints forced upon them. We all have the health care system and their contri­ Concert Choir of Warren, Mich., a com­ heard time and time again about the bution to our voluntary, free enterprise munity in the 18th Congressional Dis­ notorious repressions and their courage system. . trict which has many residents of Polish in speaking out against them at great Mr. Ryan, a native Chicagoan, has 29 heritage. personal risk. years of experience in the health care The tour will be taking place during The Helsinki Agreement is now 1 year- prepayment field. Blue Shield and its new the next few weeks under the auspices of old and there has been no evidence of president have committed themselves in Friendship Ambassadors, a nonprofit tangible improvements in the lives of the providing a better relationship and un­ foundation which has sponsored a num­ people of Eastern Europe. It is not hard derstanding between the subscriber and ber of such tours of foreign countries in to understand why many there wonder the provider of health care services. recent years by groups of American per­ whether we have not forgotten them or, I would like to include Mr. Ryan's re­ forming artists. worse yet, sold them out in deference to . marks before the annual business meet­ The Warren Woods Concert Choir, some vague concept of promoting har- ing of Blue Shield plans wherein he de­ specifically, will be appearing in the mony throughout the world. tails the commitments and challenges Polish cities of Warszawa, Lublin, Kra­ While we cannot advocate an end to that lie ahead. kow, Katowice, Wroclaw, Zelazowa Wola, the search for a system of mutually The article follows: July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF~ REMARKS 23571

1976 ANNUAL BUSINESS MEE.TING OF BLUE subscribers and 13 n:i.iUion persons served proved care, and yet are prey to a gi:eat deal SHIELD PLANS REPORT TO THE CONFERENCE under government programs, we impact on of criticism, the threat of professional lia­ (By William E. Ryan) the health ca.re financing needs of 35 percent bility suits, and gradual encroachment in the of our citizens. We began as "an idea whose way in which they conduct their professional This is my first opportunity to speak to time had come," and in one generation we lives. Yet without their commitment effec­ you as the president of your Association. became the industry's leader. W& worked and tive prepayment is unrealistic. While I know many of you well and have built in an aura of public confidence and Over the years, we at Blue Shield have shared with you a variety of trials and tribu­ public acceptance. asked a. lot of medicine, and we, too, have lations and triumphs, you have a right to Those were the 1940's, 50's and 60's. invaded some of its prerogatives. Our rela­ ask me at this point how I view this position Although we still are the industry's focal tionship has had changes during the pa.st and this Association; how I view your role and point, the environment of the m1d-1970's is and I'm sure there will have to be changes mine; and what I see in the future. unlike the past when we were accepted and in the future. I've always said any candidate for president venerated simply because we were Blue But we have not turned our backs on each of any important organization demands some Shield. Those days are gone. That public other because there is something inherently egotism. I don't consider myself an egotist, aura of acceptance has been replaced by a right in the philosophy that has brought us but when what you're trying to accomplish s~ptical society which questions and in­ together. The essence of that philosophy is right . . . when the people you work with terrogates as no other before it. must be maintained-not for the physi­ are knowledgeable and dedic:a.ted ... then the The news media, just back from writing cians-nor for Blue Shield-but for the pub- confidence you exhibit comes very close to the rise and fall of an American presidency, 11~ we serve. egotism. have been given a booster shot in the in­ GOVERNMENT While I have been in Blue Cross and Blue vestigative arm. There are no sacred cows Shield for 30 years, I am not a technician There is little question that the future of or sacrosanct institutions. The media want our industry is being molded every day in and will not pretend to be one. My role is to to know everything, from the intimacies of take a broad look at our needs and make cer­ Washington. There are those who would sup­ the presidential bedrooms to the policies plant our existing system with an unproven, tain that we have that outstanding group of of the corporate boardrooms. As a result, intelligent, experienced, technical people to unwieldy, expensive and inefficient govern­ the news media a.re exposing ea.ch day what ment financed and administered program. help define and meet the needs of our system. they perceive as weaknesses in public and I see my role as that of a motivator, arbiter, We are living in a time when we cannot af­ corporate officials-including our own. ford to roll over and play dead. politician on occasion, catalyst and, in a col­ Government, particularly the federal gov­ lective way, the conscience of Blue Shield. It ernment, is playing an increasing role in our Public officials not only in Washington but is my job to make sure that as people we have lives. The turn of the century may have in the statehouses and insurance depart­ integrity; that there is integrity in the words been the age of finance and from 1912 to ments of state governments must understand "Blue Shield"; that we are what we say we 1969 could be catalogued as the ages of pro­ our business, our operations and most im­ are; and that we deliver when we say we wlll duction and marketing. Now, we are in that portantly our financial condition. They must deliver. critical stage where the future of our eco­ be educated. They need to know the im­ On many occasions I will have to be the na­ nomic life is at a cross road. Are we to re­ portance of adequate reserves, which provide tional voice for Blue Shield. And in that role main basically a voluntary, free enterprise venture capital so we can develop new pro­ I will have to bring the enthusiasm and the system, or are we going to have government grams to serve people better. They need to conviction which will convince listeners that intrusion in our economic institutions to the understand that we-just as every family or business-must have financial security Blue Shield is indeed a. unique organization ultimate point where we fi~d ourselves be­ that is ma.king important contributions to­ coming a welfare state? against the vicissit~des of the economy. day, and an organization which the health We in Blue Shield will be an integral part They also need to know-and will increas­ care system cannot do without in the future. of that decision. We face the threat of cer­ ingly demand to know-the success of our If I am to make certain of m~ integrity and tain legislative proposals which could mire efforts to impact on health care costs. We yours, I am going to need your help ... all the nation in a quicksand of high demand, cannot afford pa.per-tiger cost containment of you . . . the chief executive, the board costly, tax-finance"d health ca.re services. programs. We must continue to help control chairman, the senior corporate officer, the And that could trigger economic conse­ healt h care costs because this is an essential EDP expert, and the thousands of office per­ quences that could deliver a dangerous blow element of what we offer our subscribers. sonnel who make up the Blue Shield family. to an already precarious economy. This effort demands equal awareness by the For without your dedication to your job, your Couple these attitudes and forces with a public, the profession, and Plans. commitment to make your Plan one of the plain, simple abhorrence of bigness-Big An article in the May· 10 issue of U.S. News best, your success in meeting performance Business, Big Labor, Big Government, Big an d World Report begins by stating that standards we set collectively, my voice can be Anything-and ~ can easily understand "the cost of health care in the U.S. is rising only a hollow promise. the kind of environment in which we are at an astronomical rate and there is no relief I did not take this offtce as NABSP presi­ operating. in sight." The article cites inflation as a dent two-and-a-half months ago to be a The new environment means we had bet­ m ajor part of the problem of rising costs. I weak, vacillating voice in what has become ter quickly discern between our assets-and often have thought it ironic that those peo­ an especially stormy environment. But only there a.re many-and our liabilities, refine ple in Washington who cry loudest a.bout you in the Plans do the things that give me our strengths, and employ them as tools to rising health care costs and see nationalized credi-blllty when I speak before national eliminate our weaknesses. It means capital­ health insurance as a panacea to rising costs forums. izing on our strengths, among them our often a.re the very ones who contribute most If I am to "tell it like it ls" to our various experience, our personnel, and administra­ to deficit federal spending-one of the great­ publics, I only feel it wlll be fair to apply tive expertise, and those ingredients which est causes of infiation. that same standard inside our Blue Shield have made us unique and which we believe We must drive home the point that a bu­ family. I will have to be critical 1f criticism can be helpful to our subscribers in the reaucratic approach to delivering and financ­ is indicated. I will have to throw tough de­ future. It means re-evaluating our unique ing health care simply won't work. The sci­ cisions before you to settle as a family, know­ principle of service benefits in a critical ence of medicine is continually changing, ing there will not be total agreement but environment where cost concerns are a pri­ and this means health care delivery and that there will be loyalty to the decision mary issue. financing must reflect these changes in order · once it is ma.de. RELATIONSHIP WITH MEDICINE for people to receive the benefits of scientific I may even have to challenge you more One of Blue Shield's key features is our progress. Where there is change, one must than you m.ay like, because from my perspec­ relationship with physicians which is now identify the problem, investigate and de­ tive as I travel a.round the country that is being questioned? To those who find fault velop solutions, make decisions, and then what I believe we must do. I know all of you with this, I ask: What is our purpose? What take action. Unfortunately, the bureaucratic won't always agree with me and, with our makes us unique? process won't allow this to happen with any federation makeup, that is to be expected. If our purpose is to provide the best health reasonable speed to be meaningful. Our sys­ My goal will be to move us a.head, as we care financing system in the world, and if tem, also, must guard against some of these have done during a sometimes turbulent one of our unique and desired features is bureaucratic pitfalls. past ... to come together, to close ranks, and predictability of cost, we must have physi­ NEWS MEDIA pull together when we a.re challenged. It is cian support, involvement, and participation. If we are going to communicate, we can't for this reason that-up front-I've ta.ken An effective working relationship between afford to continue to leave t he news media this opportunity to discuss what I perceive medicine and Blue Shield has been one of to our critics. My clipping service tells me as my leadership responsib111ty to you. our hallmarks, and I intend to see that it is we are. Very little of what is being said about BLUE SHmLD TODAY continued for the benefit of our subscribers. us by the news media today is positive. It's Now, let me share my views on where Blue Most of our executives at Blue Shield are our fa.ult. We're not giving them the positive. Shield is today; the environment in which not physicians. But after 30 years in this field We're not telling them the story of our con­ we find ourselves; our relationships with key where I have worked closely with.physicians tributions t o this country and its people. groups; and how I believe we must move to and have come to know many of them well, In our corporate planning, we have devel­ strengthen Blue Shield's role in the future. I'm not sure I have the guts or the patience oped a positive news media contact program Today, we are a major industry in this and understanding to do what they do. They to help reverse this trend. During the past country. With 73 million private market provide for their patients continually im- two months, I already have met with the edi- CXXII--1487-Part 19 23572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 torlal boards of Time, Newsweek, Medi­ executives who place too much emphasis on his students and state that he "probably cal World News, Medical Economics, and maintalning the status quo. could not gain government security clear­ I have met with a correspondent for Business If we have had success and g:rown, it has ance today." Week. We have scheduled simllar meetings been because we have not been satisfied with There is no need to recount in detail the with other publications in the near future. our past accomplishments. We have continu­ extraordinary scholarly contribution that This ts one important way in which the a.Uy sought to use our experience to investi­ Emerson has made. In the words of Dean public can learn of our contri·butions and gate new and better ways of meeting public Louis Pollak of the University of Pennsyl­ capabilities, and how-with 40 yea.rs of ex­ needs. vania Law School-bis former student and perience--we view some of the legislative We can't maintain our track record if we colleague--Political and Civil Rights and proposals being put forth today. can't be flexible, innovative, and willlng to The System of Freedom of Expression "are BLUE CROSS experiment. It ts going to put greater stress more tha.n merely authoritative: they are on all of us, but we will be stronger for it works which reordered the line of inquiry The unusual environment in which we are and we will continue to build a future which working today is demanding that we--both for those who have come after." There can­ our young people can put their faith and not be higher praise for a scholar. The Sys­ Blue Shield and Blue Cross-become a. more careers in. efficient and more effective system. It means tem is a deceptive book because it is so As a national association, I believe we must straightforward and unspectacular in style. we must continue to strengthen the federa­ also continually re-examine our way of do­ tion of Plans by creating a. more uniform sys­ There are few metaphorical flourishes and ing things and make adjustments when they the analysis proceeds in an orderly, almost tem. become necessary. We don't pay claims. We We can't afford to be without sophisticated inevitable way. But when one reads it for aren't under the prOduction pressures you the help it can provide in tackling an elu­ computer systems which can link our Plans. face. We are under pressure, however, to We can't afford to ignore further product ex­ sive problem, one discovers unsuspected make certain that you get the kind of tech­ depths. It is a commonplace that free ex­ pansion. And we can't afford not to address nical assistance and leadership that you de­ the subject of regionalization if this is the pression is a difficult area to tea.ch. It ts serve. But we really don't mind that pressure. even more difficult to write about. Emerson most effective and efficient way to handle a Because by serving you better, we can move particular problem, especially in the adminis­ has done so with a. richness that places The a.head to have a. stronger more unified, more System beside Zechariah Cha.fee's work Free tration of government programs. effective system. And that helps me to articu­ This calls for close cooperation and coordi­ late forcefully and with integrity, just what Speech in th~ United States as a twin tower nation between the National Association of Blue Shield means to the nation. of First Amendment scholarship. Blue Shield Plans and the Blue Cross Asso­ I have had opportunity to observe Emer­ ciation. I am pleased to report that in the son at close range. I am still in a.we of his pa.st several years, we have made significant incredible dll1gence, his painstaking and strides toward eliminating duplication, systematic research, and his willingness to waste, and competition. Working with Walter THOMAS EMERSON examine all sides of a question dispassion­ McNemey and with the two associations' ex­ ately without compromising his personal ecutive committees, we will continue to co­ HON. BELLAS. ABZUG values. As the junior author of the third ordinate our efforts for maximum impact. edition of Political and Civil Rights (1967) •, OF NEW YORK I often marveled that it was he who took CONCLUSION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the largest load, who was always pre­ The unusual environment in which we are pared to do a little extra., and who, again working demands more than ever before Thursday, July 22, 1976 and again, met Impossible deadlines calmly dynamic, aggressive, no-nonsense leadership Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, this month's and efficiently. from the Association and within our Plans. I can think of no law teacher whose life In a. recent magazine article, T. F. Bradshaw, Juris Doctor includes an article written and work more plainly reflect moral and president of Atlantic Richfield, stated: upon the retirement of Prof. Thomas ethical ideals. Perhaps the most dramatic "American business is in a new game these Emerson, a dear friend. of mine and one evidence was his refusal to withdraw from a days a.nd the successful executive is the one of the great guardians of the Consti­ leadership position in the National Lawyers who recognizes this fact a.nd responds to tution in general and the first amend­ Guild after that organization was attacked it. . . . He must do more than think about ment and privacy in particular. during the McCarthy period as a Oommunist issues; he must talk about them in public Tom argued on the winning side of front. and he must act to change them when he Emerson also has courageously confronted believes they need changing." Griswold against Connecticut, the first to the systematic abuse of governmental power, We as chief executives no longer can afford Supreme Court case recognize the particularly through improper investigative the luxury of confining ourselves to the ex­ existence of a constitutional right of techniques. In 1949, he and David Helfeld ecutive suite. Today's environment is differ­ privacy. This victory led inexorably to published a. long and biting article criticizing ent and it dictates that we lead the public the decision in Roe against Wade that the Federal Loyalty Program and the FBI. J. discussion of health care and the role the abortion is a woman's right. Edgar Hoover responded by stating that the government will play in the future. We must Professor Emerson was also a coauthor article contained "inaccuracies, distortions, reflect organizations willing to change, will­ of the definitive article on the equal and misst.a.tements" concerning the FBI, and ing to improve on behalf of the people they rights amendment, which appeared in that its opinions were "most frequently ex­ serve. Blue Shield nationally or locally can­ pressed on the pages of The Daily Worker." not behave like pet rocks, unable to move, the Yale Law Journal several years ago. The late 1940s were not years in which one unable to grow, unable to change, unable to His books include "Political and Civil lightly took on J. Edgar Hoover. A gener­ communicate. Today's environment doesn't Rights in the United States,'' "The Sys­ ation later, history was repeated. Emerson provide a. niche for pet rocks or mediocrity, tem of Freedom of Expression," and prepared two of the major papers at the both of which will be left behind when the "Toward a General Theory of the First 1971 Princeton conference on the FBI, dis­ fate of our industry finally is decided. Amendment." cussing among other things constitutional THE FUTURE Few men in our history have wrought abuses that the bureau had perpetuated. Di­ In looking to the future, I look at our such great changes in constitutional law rector Hoover declined an invitation to at­ future--the young people who are beginning as has Thomas Emerson. I am proud to tend, stating that some of the pre-confer­ to make their careers with us. Our genera­ ence statements of the participants were salute him. "obviously partisan" and that the "FBI is a tion was provided a vtbrant progressive or­ The article follows: ganization with great potential for future lawfully composed and operated public growth. (From Juris Doctor, July-August 1976) agency." We now know that the Princeton The new generation is provided with a A CIVIL LmERTIES ADDICT conference aired merely a fraction of the mature organization which is beginning to This was a sad spring for all who value lawlessness engaged in by the FBI and its manifest some grown-up problems. More is civil liberties. It marked the retirement of late director. Emerson, with courage as well expected of us because we have been around Thomas Emerson, a constitutional law pro­ as prescience, anticipated the truth by awhile. Our way of doing business has be­ fessor at Ya.le Law School for 30 years and decades. come more complex because our benefits are one of the most influential civil libertarians It would be like plucking stars to discuss broader and we must work with not only in the country. all the constitutional and public issues that physicians and hospitals but a growing list I first heard of Tom Emerson in 1952, the Emerson's era.ft has influenced. He can take of ancillary health personnel and services. year that David Haber and he published the much credit both as scholar and lawyer for We face a. more discerning market whose pri­ first edition of Political and Civil Rights in the development of a right to privacy, mary concern is rising health care costs. And the United States. It was not a.n auspicious grounded in the Bill of Rights. Dean Pollak because our claims load is greater, we must year for the subject maj;ter of the book. It wrestle with the complexities and the virtual­ was a time when Emerson, in the interest of •The first volume of the fourth edition ly unlimited promise and bugs of EDP tech­ full disclosure, would describe his back­ was published this year by Paul Bender of nology. Finally, at times the younger genera- ground in the New Deal, the Progressive Pennsylvania. Law School, Burt Neuborne of tion is confronted-yes, confronted-by some Party, and the National Lawyers Guild to NYU Law School, and Professor Dorsen. • July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23573 bas described how the first edition of PoUff­ of Tha.lla.nd asked VDC for help in estab­ American retreat after our abandonment cal and ctvtl Btghts. publlshed 1n 1952, an­ lishing an insurance cooperative. VDC in of Southeast Asia. Insofar as anyone ticipated the Supreme Court's 1965 decision turn sought the services of Mr. Larry 1n Grtswold v. Connecttcut (which Invali­ can tell, our rush to embrace Communist dated restrictions on birth control) , and how Collins of Los Altos, Calif. Mr. Collins is China has brought us no rewards, but Emerson the lawyer, carefully sorting out a University of California graduate in the pellmell rush continues with a the theoretical complexities and tactical economics, 1937, and later managed co­ momentum of its own. The Washington alternatives, briefed and argued the case 1n ops there. He helped Japanese Ameri­ Star of July 6, 1976, had an editorial the Supreme Court. More recently, Emerson cans in war relocation centers organize which points out some reasons for re­ has been a leader in provlcMng the intel­ past exchange facilities as consumer thinking this approach. I commend it lectual underplnnlngs ·for the stlll-pencling co-ops, and served as Red Cross field Equal. Rights Amendment. He was proud, to the attention af my colleagues: though slightly embarrassed, to be the only officer with the 442d Combat Team in [From the Washington Star, July 6, 1976] man Invited to sit on the dais at a Wa.shJ.ng­ Europe during World War II. He later MAINLAND CHINA, TAIWAN AND US helped organize farm supply co-ops in ton dinner celebrating congresstonal passage The withdrawal of the few Americans stm of the ERA. Berkeley, Calif., and from 1949-58 was 1n Quemoy and Matsu on omcial bus1neu At the age of 69, Tom Emerson is still as manager of Co-op Insurance Service in amounts to very little in people or tangible addicted to concepts of fairness and equality Berkeley. From 1958-74 Mr. Collins was instruments of force. But it matters be­ as he was 45 years a.go. He has never wavered; west coast regional manager for Mutual cause it hints at a more important dtsen- he has never permitted transtt;ory events to Service Insurance Companies of St. Paul, gagement: from Taiwan. · affect his philosophy or his actions. Yet he Minn. After being contacted by VDC, For bargaining purposes at least, tbe has managed to retain a soft and conserva­ Mr. Collins came out of retirement to People's Republic of China has made lt a tive style. I have never heard Emerson say accept the assignment in Thailand. On condition of "normalizing" relations with the a personally unk1.nd word about anyone, and United States that we not only pull out I have never heard anyone who knows him February 5 of this year he and his wife our last military and technical aid estab­ disparage h1s qualities as a man. I have left the United States to begin the job. lishments from Taiwan but that we also never seen him trim a position to suit the After a comprehensive and thorough repudiate our long-term support of Taiwan'• fashion, the company, or h1s career. He 1s study, Mr. Collins recommended that the independence. What we are called upon to no ordinary professor of law. Cooperative League of Thailand charter do-and what, to a startling degree, we have -NORMAN DoRSEN. an insurance cooperative that would be already done in statements by secretary KU­ owned by all types of cooperatives. These singer and Presidents Nixon and Pord-18 would include the 620 agricultural credit to admit that Taiwan ts a province of the cooperatives with 332,000 members and People's Republic and that it's none of TRIBUTE TO MR. LARRY COLLINS our business what may happen to it once AND VDC $23.7 million in working capital, the 142 Peking gets ready to 0 norma11ze" 1ts way thrift and credit cooperatives with across the Formosa Strait. 267,000 members and $46 million in Chinese irredentism about Taiwan 11 HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA working capital, and 99 consumer co­ understandable and llkely to be at least aa OJ' CALIJ'ORNIA operatives with 132,000 members and tenacious as Taiwan's long 1ns1stence on the prospect of retaking the malnland 1n the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $3.3 million in working capital. These co-ops would provide the insurance co­ name ot the Republic of China. The me1- Thursday, July 22, 1976 op's basic financing. In his 48 page re­ 81anic dynamism of any communlat regime comes on the stronger 1n this case becauae Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, I am port, Mr. Collins also recommended Taiwan presents such a challenging example pleased to report to you today on the training for the insurance co-op's top of non-communist success. outstanding contribution of one of my management and other key personnel, Taiwan's burgeoning economy has been de­ constituents, Mr. Larry Collins, who, as and suggested a timetable for phasing scribed as "Japan 10 years ago." It took off a representative of the Volunteer De­ the co-op into operation. During his time under the refugee government and 1s still on velopment Corps, has helped the people there, he met extensively with co-op an up-curve, competing in world markets of Thailand improve their economy and leaders and Government officials to ex­ and giving its people the second highest Uv­ plain his proposed plan. ing standarcJ, in East Asia. welfare by establishing an insurance co­ Politically, Taiwan's leadership stlll pro­ operative there. Mr. Collins and his wife returned to jects something of a siege mentality, and The Volunteer Development Corps­ Washington on June 22, and reported social controls are a good deal tighter than VDC-is a private, nonprofit organiza­ back to VDC, to two of VDC's sponsoring ours, although it goes without saying that tion which provides short-term, volun­ organizations, to AID officials, and to his it's Liberty Hall compared with the People's teer, technical assistance to cooperatives representatives on Capitol Hill. Republic. Furthermore, there have been in developing countries at their request. Because of his special contribution to honest efforts to correct power imbalances in within Taiwan by bringing the indigenous It is funded mostly by the U.S. Agency the people of Thailand who are so population into the government. for International Development, and it need of trained, technical expertise; and It was not only the dominance of a refugee draws half its resources from U.S. co­ because he came out of retirement after elite that kept them out of it after the operatives. Six national cooperatives a long and fruitful career in business to Chiang Kai-shek government fled the main­ sponsor VDC. They are: The Agricul­ donate his time to this cause; and be­ land in 1948. Partly, their comparative lack tural Cooperative Development Inter­ cause of the fine work that VDC is doing of representation has reflected the subordi­ national; American Institute of Cooper­ to promote economic development in the nate position they occupied under the Japa­ developing countries, I submit this trib­ nese who had controlled Taiwan since 1895. ation; Credit Union National Associa­ Short on education and government experi­ tion; Foundation for Cooperative Hous­ ute to Mr. Larry Collins and VDC for ence, the native people were considerably ing; National Council of Farmer Cooper­ the record. less qualified for leadership roles than the atives; and National Rural Electric Co­ newcomers. operative Association. Through the VDC, It is to be expected that the People's 150 years of U.S. cooperative experience Republic would be eager to reap the benefits MAINLAND CHINA, TAIWAN, AND US of Taiwan's economic successes and even is on tap. · more eager to get rid of such dramatic evi­ Cooperatives in developing countries dence that a politically freer society can hold have asked VDC for assistance in areas HON. LARRY McDONALD together. The hope of humbling the United for organizing financing for poultrY OF GEORGIA States a little before opening up full diplo­ processing, improving milk processing, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.s matic and trade relations ls on yet another and repairing fishing craft, to managing plane of enticement for a nation that, for all multiple unit housing more efficiently, Thursday, July 22, 1976 its breaks with the past, has not forgotten how the West used to humiUa.te old China. assembly line production of prefab hous­ Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, while stm, there ls a good chance that--!or the ing, erecting buildings, and establishing the recent withdrawal of a few Ameri­ moment, anyway-the PRC · will remain a data gathering systems. To date, VDC can military advisers on Quemoy and paper dragon, more adept at ceremonial dis­ has completed or is at work on 83 proj­ Matsu is insignificant in mllltary terms, plays of fire-breathing than devouring small ects in 32 countries in Latin America, its symbolism 1s enormous. All of non­ neighbors. The possibility of a new power Africa, Asia, and the West Indies. Communl!t Asia has watched with a struggle when Mao goes has necessarlly more Last October, the Cooperative League mixture of horror and fascination the immediacy for the present leadership in 23574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976

Peking tha.n foreign invasions. So does the A STATEMENT FROM RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN to learn the facts, to share and to act. We reality of border tensions where China. a.buts MICHIGAN ON FuLL EMPLOYMENT call for action to inform ourselves, such as the Soviet Union. We, the elected and appointed heads of the Interfaith Conference on Full Employ­ All of which adds up to a call for creative religious bodies in Metropolitan Detroit and ment to be held in May. We call for pastors nonact ion from the United States. Taiwan Michigan, join with those of the National and rabbis and congregational leaders to en­ deserves our continuing loyalty, but if we Council of Churches, the United States Con­ gage their people in analyzing our situation prefer to calculate foreign policy in terms ference of Catholic Bishops, and the National and carrying out whatever is possible to of realpolitik rather than morals, there is Jewish Community Religious Agencies in change it at the local level. We call for pres­ an equally strong case for standing firm. addreSS>ing a widespread evil in our midst, the sure on our unions, businesses, and the levels What, exactly, is to be gained for our side evil of unemployment. of government to take the needed actions to by conceding to the PRC? Today thousands of people in Michigan cry put Michigan to work and heal the poverty "Because it's there" is supposed to sum for deliverance from the debUttating, de- · and hopelessness that stands in such con­ up a lot of persuasive thinking about the trast to the luxurious new shopping strur.­ struotive condition of jobl~ness. . As the U.S. need for a rapprochement with the PRC. Catholic Bishops said, "The current levels of tures that dot our region. "You can't ignore 800 million people," it's unemployment are unacceptable and their It is time for prayer, for knowledge, and said. tremendous human costs are intolerable." for deeds. It is a time for us to P.lace the Well, Taiwan is there, too-a going con­ All kinds of work needs to be done-essen­ health of our total community above both cern, a historic friend. You can't ignore 16 tial health services are shortened, fire, police public apathy and individual aggrandizement million people either. and many other services are understaffed. and comfort. We believe it ls possible once The environment needs attention; homes and we summon up the will. stores are deteriorating. Thousands need SIGNED CITIZENS AND RELIGIOUS LEADERS work; there is work to be done, but we The Rev. Dr. Howard Christensen, Presi­ IN MICHIGAN ORGANIZE BEHIND haven't found the public intelligence to put dent, Michigan Synod,. Lutheran Church in THE HAWKINS-HUMPHREY FULL them together. America. We find it difficult to believe that the in­ The Rev. William H. Daniels, Minister, De­ EMPLOYMENT BILL dustrial, labor, academic and political leader­ troit Metropolitan Association, United ship of Michigan cannot or will not find ways Church of Christ. HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. to solve this problem. We are familiar with His Eminence John Cardinal Dearden, argument for inaction. There are those who Archbishop, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of OF MICHIGAN argue that we inevitably will have either in­ Detroit. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES flation or unemployment, and because infla­ The Most Rev. Joseph L. Imesch, Auxiliary tion affects more people, therefore, unem­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. ployment is preferable. The thesis appears Mr. Lewis S. Grossman, President, Jewish Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, a group false because currently we have both un­ Community Council of Metropolitan Detroit. of citizens in Metropolitan Detroit have employment and inflation. If we can have The Most Rev. Thomas J. Gumbleton, Aux­ launched one of the most impressive both, we can also have neither. iliary Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. projects of sooial and political action Others argue that it is in the self-interest The Most Rev. Arthur H. Krawczak, Aux­ of business to have large numbers of unem­ iliary Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. that I have had the privilege of being ployed people to keep labor costs down and The Rev. Donald Lester, Executive Presby­ associated with. They are organizing both to keep working class people under control. ter, The Presbytery of Detroit. employed and unemployed people around If that is true, we condemn such self-inter­ Bishop Dwight E. Loder, Bishop, Michigan the issue of full employment and eco­ est. If it is not true, then now is the time Area.:._United Methodist Church. nomic justice, and are working closely to give the lie to this argument. Otherwise, The Rt. Rev. H. Coleman McGehee, Bishop, Americans must face strong evidence that Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. with Detroit's religious community. our economic system is socially and morally Spearheaded by the Detroit Industnal The Most Rev. Walter J. Schoenherr, Aux­ a failure. Uary Bishop, Archdiocese of Detroit. Mission, which spansored in May an in­ If unemployment is not forthrightly ad­ The Rev. John Sundquist, Director, Ameri­ terfaith conference on full employment, dressed and full employment remains a hol­ can Baptist Churches of Southeastern the Michigan Interfaith Full Employ­ low promise, the prospects for our society are Michigan. ment Committee has already enlisted grim. Already unemployment is threatening The Rev. Duane Vore, Executive Director several hundred members, disseminated the progress made in race relations as the Elect, Michigan Council of Churches. numerous conflicts of seniority With affirma­ The Rev. Eric White, Director, Michigan information about the Hawkins-Hum­ tive action indicate. It threatens other as­ phrey full employment bill, conducted pects of our lives. Family life deteriorates; Association of Christian Churches. workshops on economic issues, and is increasing numbers of people feel worthless, The Rev. Robert L. Wietelmann, President, now in the process of meeting with local, insignificant and desperate. Crime increases; Michigan District, The American Lutheran State, and Federal officials to develop respect for one another's person and prop­ Church. ways to deal with the unemployment erty loosens; law is mocked, leaders ridi­ The Rev. Edward B. Willingham, Jr., Execu­ crisis. It should be no surprise that such culed. Those who have jobs are fearful of los­ tive Director, Christian Communicat1on ing them. The potential is social chaos and Council of Metropolitan Detroit Churches. an organization has formed in Metro­ the demise of democracy as we know it. politan Detroit which last year had an We therefore address a call to the eco­ official average unemployment rate of nomic and political leadership of Detroit and 17.4 percent, among teenagers an unem­ Michigan. We know that much must be done PANAMA CANAL: GROWING OPPO­ ployment rate of 50 percent, and which nationally. We know there- is movement at SITION TO SURRENDER today, despite the heralded economic re­ the federal level; for example-the current covery in the Nation, suffers an official Humphrey-Hawkins Bill for full employment. But we feel there is also too much waiting jobless ~ate of 14 percent. for Washington to act. Our region has the HON. JOHN M. MURPHY Recognizing that chronic unemploy­ resources, the brains, the structure through OF NEW YORK ment contributes to every major prob­ which to act. We have, above all, the need. lem in society-the financial insolvency We call on the Governor and the Michi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of our cities and the disintegration of gan Legislature to establish a commission Thursday, July 22, 1976 communities; the divisions along class. with power to act to share the jobs we have, to create jobs by setting people to work on Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. and ethnic lines that arise as a result of the needs of the state, to demand of the Speaker, in earlier remarks in the CoN­ widespread economic insecurity; the in­ federal government that rightful portion of GREss10NAL RECORD, I have stressed the tolerable demoralization of the young; revenue which is ours in order better to fi­ massive volume of mlsinformation now the ter.rible increase in crime and drug nance needed action, to devise ways that the use-the Michigan Interfaith Full Em­ affluence of Michigan can be used to meet being disseminated, not only by the De­ ployment Committee is determined to the needs of Michigan, galvanizing our peo­ partment of State, but by other ill-in­ sharpen moral awareness of the need for ple into sharing. formed groups, in a propaganda blitz a full employment economy. Working We address a call to the people of Detroit designed to gather support for this ad­ and Michigan, and to ourselves. We speak ministration's negotiations toward a new with religious leaders in Metropolitan particularly to the thousands of us in Detroit, one of the fruits of their effort churches and synagogues. It is a call to con­ Panama canal Treaty which would re­ has been a moving statement of support sciousness of our condition. It is a call to linquish U.S. possession and control of for full employment legislation, which I care, to look up from our secure jobs, from that vitally impartant waterway. wish to bring to the attention of my our preoccupations With private life and pri~ The negotiations have been pursued colleagues: vate consumption, to feel what is happening, following the wholly unauthorized 1974 July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23575 Kissinger-Tack "agreement of princi­ military position in any isthmian canal THE IMPACT OF DIVESTITURE ples," begun during the previous admin­ would certainly lead to grave political and istration's search for issues which might diplomatic problems elsewhere in Latin distract public attention from domestic America; it would be taken as a precedent HON. BILL ARCHER of weakness.-Hanson W. Baldwin, Former OF TEXAS problems. Mil1tary Editor, the New York Times IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Not only was that agreement an un­ The gloomy picture of a Panamanian authorized one, but it also directly con­ tinderbox ready to ignite into a Vietnam of Thursday, July 22, 1976 tradicted the prevailing opinion of the Central America is heavily discounted by Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, some Congress and the people of the United the U.S. intelligence community. Col. R. D. thought-provoking questions about di­ States. There is a steadily growing op­ Heinl, Jr., USMC (Ret.), News Mllitary analyst vestiture have been raised in a recent position nationwide to the continued at­ study by Resource Planning Associates, tempts of the State Department to nego­ The Panama Canal is vital to our national security and the defense of the heinisphere. Inc. I have asked Brian Johnson, an tiate away the interests of the United It has served as a major link in our chain LBJ intern in my office, to summarize States in the Panama Canal. In my ear­ of defenses in two world wars, the Korean this study and I commend the following lier remarks, I quoted a special feature war, the Cuban crisis and the Vietnam con­ to my colleagues for their information: article by the Americanism Educational flict, because it provides the shortest and League quoting statements by recognized easiest route for flexible deployment of mili­ THE IMPACT OF DIVESTITURE leaders of this country who know the tary forces a:i;id material. It is also important I. INTRODUCTION Isthmi·an question and understand the to our country's economic well being.--Sen­ "What would be the effect on the gasoline broad significance it has for national de­ ator James L. Buckley, Conservative-Repub­ jobber, the fuel distributor, and the consum­ fense and hemispheric security, as well lican, New York. ers they serve, if the largest oil companies The Panama. Canal Co. rolled up a deficit were compelled to divest?" To answer this as the interoceanic commerce of all na­ of approximately $10 Inillion this past fiscal impending questfon, Resource Planning As­ tions. The Americanism Educational year despite a 20 % tolls increase. This seems sociates, Inc. (RPA), of Cambridge, Massa­ League has issued a timely sequel of ad­ hard to believe ... has the Executive Branch chusetts, an independent research organiza­ ditional statements by more well-known told the Panama Canal Co. to show a big defi­ tion, conducted a three month study which experts and well-informed citizens and cit, to be used to 'educate the American was completed on April 29, 1976. Their' study commentators; I quote that statement public' to the necessity for the U.S. to divest provides a thoughtful and thorough look at as part of my remarks: itself of the Panama Canal? ... Over $12 the impact of divestiture if it is promulgated. MoRE-F'ROM PEOPLE WHO K!iOW-.ABOUT Inillion in accounting practice changes were Therefore, I would like to share some of PANAMA made in the last two fiscal' years, all on the' their observations with you. loss side of the ledger-Mason L. Flint, Presi­ II. OIL--GAS--INDUSTRY-IMPACTS ON GASOLINE (EDITOR'S NoTE.-Ma.ny informed Americans dent, Gatun (Canal Zone) Civic Council. a.re speaking out on the issue of our Panama JOBBERS Canal and Canal Zone, whose cession to the Panama has always been as vulnerable to The implications of RPA's study regarding Republic of Pana.ma. is being currently ne­ new political revolution stirrings in Latin gasoline jobbers becomes more obvious by gotiated by the U.S. State Department. Here America as Cuba is to the Trade Winds. In­ identifying the impact of total divestiture we present a cross-section of well-docu­ deed, it has long been identified by Latin in terms of the various segments of the in­ mented views, as a sequel to "From People American scholars as the Land of Endeinic dustry. Or more specifically, how these .... Who Know .... About Panama".) Revolution, endless intrigue and govern4 changes would affect the price and supply of Running Pana.ma a.t the moment is a talk­ mental instability. There have been 59 product to the jobbers. According to RPA, in ative left-wing despot who staged a. coup changes in government in Panama 1n 70 the production segment, without divestiture, in 1968 and has suspended democratic elec­ years.-Congressman Matthew J. Rinaldo, refiners would benefit from purchasing ad­ tions. He studied his economics from Allende, · Republican, New Jersey vantages (i.e., more liberal credit terms or and openly praises Castro. He ha.s talked Torrijo's stubborn insistence that the U.S. greater crude oil transportation cost support publicly about the need for a guerrilla war withdraw its m111tary forces from the Zone by their producer) that are not available to of liberation if the U.S. does not give in to ls a give-away of Torrijos-Castro plans for nonintegrated refiners. However, because his demands.-William F. Buckley, Jr., Au­ the future. With the exit of the U.S., the this advantage would be eliminated with thor and commentator Canal will be adininistered and policed by divestiture, jobbers who now purchase gaso­ Our operation of the Pana.ma Canal and a Cuba-Panama axis. The rumored presence line from integrated refiners would most our exercise of sovereignty in the Canal Zone of a group of Russian engineers in Panama, likely experience a price increase. As the in­ has been a source of stability in the Western mapping guided missile sites, throws possible fluencing factors of price or supply of gaso­ Hemisphere and a boon to world commerce. light upon Communist plans for the fu­ line change, divestiture in the refinery seg­ Our presence there has been completely hon­ ture.-Harold Lord Varney, President, Com­ ment would have a significant impact on orable and we have nothing to be ashamed Inittee on Pan American Policy competitlon within the distribution segment of or to apnlogize for.--Senaitor James B. Twenty-three years ago, when I was chief and, therefore, on jobbers. For example, the Allen, Democrat, Alabama U.S. negotiator of what became the treaty of former xnajor refiners' xnarketing operations, Spokesmen for the State Department are 1955, the question of giving up the canal was in relationship to other distribution-segment misrepresenting the facts, as when they make not even raised. Who knows what further de­ competitors, would probably suffer a com­ the statement that the United States Canal mands will be made on us 23 years hence? petitive disadvantage because of a reduction Zone belongs to the Republic of Panama and Nobody from the Third World seems to be in brand support. This disadvantage could has been temporarily under the jurisdiction raising ql,lestions about the vast territories even spill over to branded jobbers of former of the United States since 1903.-Donald M. the Soviets have seized and hold by force, majors, but probably not to the same de­ Dozer, Professor, Latin American History, because they know Communists don't crede gree. Furthermore, as the rate of shutdowns University of California, Santa Barbara because they know Communists don't cede and replacements of old or inefficient refiner­ Panama has difficulty picking up its own Former Assistant Secretary of State/Ambas­ ies increased, gasoline jobbers in those geo­ garbage; they do just a passable job. And sador to Colombia graphic areas most affected would suffer they cannot run the electric power company I can remember years ago when the stand­ severe repercussions. As for the marketing efficiently .... power failures are common. ard of living in Panama was so low that many segment, under divestiture, a cut in supplies Recently the Riha-Smith supermarket had to people starved. Thanks to the Americans, we to both branded and nonbranded jobbers dump all its ice cream and meats due to a have plenty now. The world should know served by some refiners would occur because 5-hour shutdown of the government electric that when we have a fire or flood the Ameri­ of a rather accelerated rate of marketing plant. No way could the Panamanians op­ cans are the first to rush to our aid. Our withdrawails by former majors in certain re­ erate the Canal!-A 43 year resident of the crippled have been taken care of and treated gions. Especially through the divestiture of Isthmus, who for some reason says he's for their ailments in the fine hospitals in the the production, refining, and marketing seg­ "afraid of a firing squad." United States.-Diego Gonzales, Republic of ments of the oil industry. one can readily It ha.s become increasingly evident that Panama. see the unequivocally threatening and detri­ Genera.I Omar Torrijos has been cozying up You and I know that the U.S. is not the mental consequences of total divestiture on to Fidel Castro as pa.rt of his effort to push "ba.d guy" down there. The Panamanian peo4 gasoline jobbers. the United States into giving up sovereignty ple we all know and respect are not the ones m. OIL--GAS-INDUSTRY-IMPACTS ON over the Canal and Canal Zone. When Tor­ who threaten the U.S. with hints of violence CONSUMERS rijos talks about riots and demonstrations and sabotage if we don't give up the canal. if Pana.ma doesn't gain sovereignty, it sounds It is a small band of power-hungry men, As with gasoline jobbers, the impact of like a self-fulfilling prophecy.-Congressman spiritual brethren of Fidel Castro.-Arthut total divestiture on consumers has been iden­ tified in terms of how changes in various seg­ Steve Symms, Republican, Idaho J. O'Leary, Former Deputy Comptroller, Any cessation by the U.S. of a. dominant ments of the industry would affect the price Panama Canal Company and supply of gasoline to the consumer. 23576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 RPA's study suggests that in the production raising prices to achieve an adequate ROI:. pansion," the article concludes that "the segment, a number of changes could occur Then too, reduced domestic investment could go-go years" for Caymanian banking that would affect crude oil production costs. cause some regional shortages 1n the 1980s. The study specifically notes that cost in­ As with crude transportation, the costs in are over and "We are down to good. solid, creases could occur because of increased in­ the production transportation segment conservative banking." It calls the ms ventory and decreased capacity utilization; should rise because the cost of capital would "the one dark cloud on the horizon" ana increased sales, accounting and legal costs; rise, there would be less incentive for new says the Field case "may be merely a and increased cost of debt from ~eater un­ owners to reduce costs, and some overhead perturbation, or it may be the first step certainty about future sales volume and mar­ costs would rise. Here again, some crude on the ladder of tax haven harassment." ket price. Of even greater concern ts the shortages might occur in the 1980s, result­ The author is not quite sure, simply be­ unfortunate possibll1ty that our domestic ing from reduced investment in this higher cause he and the Caymanian banking supplies might gradually be reduced over the risk segment. According to RPA, "the im­ next 5-10 years. This would be a direct result pact of divestiture on the fuel oil consumer community are not qUite sure of the in­ from diverting oil-company capital to foreign probably would be a small increase in the tentions of the IRS. He adds: areas in which integration 1s possible and price of heating ... and relatively small, It ls perhaps time to reconsider exactly attractive, and delaying investment in do­ short-lived shortages in some regions." Ob­ where Cayman stands with respect to all this. mestic exploration and production to focus viously, the impact of divestiture on fuel At the present moment the :financial com­ on divestiture. Inevitably, this could result oil consumers ls enough to see why di­ munity is trying hard to keep an extremely in an increased demand for OPEC oil, with vestiture 1s needless and unproductive. low profile, hoping that the whole thing will an accompanying increase in price. Here, we blow over without them being noticed, and must ask ourselves, "would divestiture affect VI. CONCLUSION most probably it wlll. the bargaining relations between the major The negative effects of div~stlture com­ pletely overwhelm the positive effects in my If, on the other hand they are noticed and U.S. oil companies and OPEC?" In the refin­ the I.R.S. decides· to slug it out, some very ing segment, divestiture would provide cost analysis of the Resources Planning Associ­ ates assessment of the impacts of oil in­ CU:astic rethinking will be required, because decreases from movement of some refined nobody slugs it out with the I.R.S. and product out of branded channels, and a re­ dustry divestiture on gasoline jobbers, fuel wins. duction in brand support activities. Overall, oil distributors and the customers they serve. however, these positive effects would be out­ And if we assume divestiture does not take The problem is that banking in the islands weighed by cost increases from somewhat place in the near future, then over the next might suffer considerable damage in an in­ lower'refinery capacity utmzation; additional 5-7 years, RPA foresees a number of im­ dlscrlmlnate I.R.S. rampage after the tax sales, accounting, and legal costs; and in­ portant structural changes occurring in the a.voider and tax evader. In the tax haven creased cost of debt and equity capital. In gasoline industry as refining and market­ business one has to bend to a certain ex­ the marketing segment, increases in price ing segments adjust to new market con~!- tent with the wind, and it ls best to have should occur from increased equity and debt ' tions. The results of the analysis by RPA decided how much one intends to bend before costs in a segment that has traditionally ex­ show that behind these projected structural the wind arrives. perienced low profitability and would, under changes ls a powerful drive to increase Discussing the validity of bank secrecy ts divestiture, be unsupported by other, more efficiency in gasoline distribution and re­ rather like discussing toilet habits; it is not profitable company operations. This in turn talling which will happen in the near future something one does in polite circles. It is could discourage new investment. RPA's with crucial implications in these segments. one of the basic assumptions of the tax haven study clearly lllustrates the negative impact For me, it ls apparent-that as thta nation business. It may be desirable, but is it es­ total divestiture would have on consumers. faces an awesome energy cr1s1s--that as the sential in a financial centre? If a man is frank and honest in his deal­ IV. PETROLEUM-F~ OIL-INDUSTRY-IMPACTS petroleum industry competitively struggles ON FUEL OIL DISTRmUTORS to provide us with the necessary energy re­ ings, does he need the protection of total sources-divestiture must be thrust aside, bank secrecy? It might be argued that bank To discern precisely the conclusions of forgotten. secrecy is only essential to the suitcase-full­ RPA's study regarding the impact of total of-money men that haunt the banker's divestiture on fuel oil distributors, we must nightmares. examine individually-fuel oil retailers and wholesalers. The RPA study notes that the CAYMAN ISLANDS WAITING FOR Mr. Speaker, bank secrecy laws are es­ small percentage of retailers currently sup­ HAVEN INVESTIGATION TO BLOW sential to the existence of tax havens, and plied by inefficient refineries might be forced OVER to close earlier because of divestiture. With tax havens are essential for many Amer­ divestiture, wholesalers currently supplied by can tax cheaters, whether they make a major or semimajor refiner might have to HON. CHARLES A. YANIK their money through legal or illegal pay higher prices. This, in turn, could force means. The whole thing will not blow wholesalers to accept reduced margins or lose OF OHIO over as the author hopes. I wish to assure some sales because their customers are much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRFJ3ENTATIVES my colleagues that the Ways and Means more sensitive to price changes than retail­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 Oversight Subcommittee will continue to ers' customers. Additionally, wholesalers' exercise vigilance over the IRS investi­ supplies would be adversely affected by ac­ Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker. on June 25, celerated refiner withdrawals, particularly in gation of the tax havens. We will not 1976, I reported to you the editorial reac­ permit the investigation to be suspended regions far from refineries. More specifically, tion of the Caymanian Compass to the accelerated withdrawals would occur for two or subverted to benefit powerful in­ reasons; the necessity for divested refiner­ decision in United States v. Field, 38 terests. Congress must demand diligent ies-wishing to increase their efficienc,Y and AFI'R 2d 76-5081 protest the government's de­ ance for those who seek the "more" way On June 25, a spokesman for Panamanian portation of its citizens on Jan. 20, 1976." of life. The book was an immediate hit democratic opposition to Torrijos sent a mes­ According to the testimony by Canal Zone with the man on the street as well as sage to U.S. leaders in the name of Panama­ Police official Drummond, "The U.S. Marine many business institutions Mr. Ziglar nians who cannot speak out because of the Midland Bank, located in the area, was serves. Over a dozen of these companies 23578 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS July 22, 1976 have bought from 1,000 to 4,000 copies. its· and exactly what we can do to avoid lead in further debasing the Olympic The biggest and most pleasant surprise or eliminate these destructive habits ideal by permitting political considera­ occurred when teachers and institutional while building good habits. I'm confident tions to dictate standards of eligibility leaders started buying personal copies this information will be instrumental in for competition in the games. By going and getting permission to teach the book keeping thousands of our youth off the back on its own word, the Canadian as a course. Leading the parade was Mrs junk heap of human misery by giving Government, by humiliating the Repub­ Mamie McCullough, a high school teach­ them precise directions on how to build lic of China and making it impossible er, who heard Zig speak and picked up. a a solid, happy, productive life. for the athletes from Taiwan to com­ copy of the book which "changed her The philosophy is an eye opener as it pete on honorable terms, the Canadian life." Immediately recognizing the com­ deals with solutions to America's prob­ Government was true to its slavish de­ monsense value of the philosophy, Mrs. lems ranging from pornography and al­ sire to cultivate the Chinese People's McCullough, with the enthusiastic sup­ coholism, to a declining faith in our Republic, but overlooked the Olympic port of principal W. A. Childs, started capacity to solve our problems and main­ creed, which begins, "The most impor­ teaching the book as a course at Central tain our position of world leadership. Mr. tant thing in the Olympic games is not High School in Thomasville, Ga. Self im­ Ziglar's approach to selling the benefits to win but to take part." age and performance improvement of of a strong family unit fills a much It is one thing for shoe manufacturers class members was dramatic and accord­ needed void in our educational system. to engage in an unseemly scramble to ing to Mr. Childs the effect on the faculty His own 29-year marriage to the former place their brand names on the feet of and student body was "substantial". Jean Abernathy of Jackson, Miss., serves Olympic competitors; for Fascist dicta­ With this beginning and with encour­ as an excell en t example. tors to attempt to turn the Olympics into agement from many teachers, parents, Significantly his approach offers a def­ a spectacle of ethnic superiority; or principals, and concerned citizens around inite plan to teach our citizens that you when terrorists vent their own brand of the country, Zig Ziglar and the staff of don't "pay the price" for success, happi­ venom and mayhem on the Olympic We Believe, Inc. started putting together ness, good health, and so forth. For the arena. But it is quite another thing for a complete course in personal growth. first time, many of them will realize that Canada, a sovereign nation with a long Educator Carroll Phillips was brought in when you compare success and failure, tradition of democracy and respect for to write a Leader's Guide and Creative happiness and misery, good health and the rights of others, to use its position as Ideas Manual. Mr. Ziglar personally poor health, that you enjoy the price of Olympic host to force the exclusion of recorded 15 hours · of motivatioµal-in• success, good health, happiness, and so the Republic of China, an IOC member structional material to coincide with the forth. You pay the price for failure. in good standing. book and manuals so that "The Richer The question of Chinese representa­ Life Course" could be easily and effective­ His religious beliefs are deep and tion is obviously important in many re­ ly taught with a minimal amount of pre­ strong, but his efforts are primarily di­ spects. It does not, however, have any paratory time. rectly at selling the personal benefits of particular significance in the Olympic The philosophy of "See You at the Top" a solid moral foundation, perseverance context. The statement that Canada is effective because it deals with symp­ in our quest for success, resourcefulness cannot permit the Republic of China to toms and causes and not just the prob­ in applying our ability, personal respon­ "pretend" to represent the people of lem. Mr. Ziglar strongly believes that sibility for our actions, honest effort for China may be an acceptable statern en t of drugs, alcoholism, obesity, promiscuity, our dally wages and faith in Almighty Canadian foreign policy. But it is pre­ crime, irresponsibility, et cetera are not God as the hope for America. His chal­ sumptuous and it is wrong to force this problems, but symptoms of problems. The lenging question, "If everyone in Amer­ judgment on a gathering of Olympic ath­ book and course builds individual con­ ica was doing exactly what you are do­ letes and to jeopardize this and future fidence while stressing that life offers ing, would our country be getting bet­ games bY, interjecting emotional political opportunity to the committed individual ter-or worse?" will surely make us issues into the Olympics. with initiative, who accepts personal re­ sit up and think-and then get busy to Four years from now, the summer sponsibility for his activities. In short, it make certain that America's tomorrows Olympics will be held in Moscow. One is a "hope filled," but no nonsense, no are better than its yesterdays. would hope that the Soviets will honor free lunch philosophy that works if .the and abide by their commitment to the individual will. IOC and not attempt to exercise restraint The universal truth and acceptance OLYMPIC GAMES IN MONTREAL or control over the participants. But if of his message is evidenced by the fact they wish to destroy the Moscow games that endorsements enthusiastically come by denying the right of participation to from men like Dr. Norman Vincent Peale HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD nations that do not meet their standards and former Congressman Ed Foreman as OF MICHIGAN of ideological purity, they need only refer well as prison inmates, medical doctors, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the Canadian example. educators and housewives representing every race, creed and color. Thursday, July 22, 1976 Throughout the book and course, Mr. Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the Ziglar stresses that you can get every­ Olympic games are predicated on an THE SOVIET DAY OF SHAME thing you want in life, if you help enough ideal-pure amateurism, pure competi­ other people get what they want. He tion-that is belied by the circumstances of the 20th century. No realistic com­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI believes that health, success and happi­ OF NEW YORK ness are available to those who build parison can be made between the Greek their lives on the foundation stones of city-states of 776 B.C.-when the Olym­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES honesty, faith, character, integrity and pics were first held-and the world today Thursday, July 22, 1976 in which some 150 independent nations loyalty. The purpose of the book is seri­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, it is with ous, but the style is so unique and the compete for power and infiuence. sincere regret that I call to mind the humor so wholesome and contagious that Indeed, the international environ­ Czechoslovakian "Soviet Day of Shame." you are persuaded to take your responsi­ ment has changed dramtically since the On August 21, 1968, the Soviet Union bilities seriously while retaining the games were revived in 1896. We have sent a military occupying force into capacity to laugh at yourself. · gradually seen nations subsidize their Czechoslovakian territory in gross vio- Significantly, "See You at the Top" is athletes, making them professionals in lation of Czechoslovakian sovereignty an idea book that teaches how to build all but name, in order to enhance na­ and the United Nations Charter. This ag­ a healthy self-image, how to reach your tional prestige; we have seen crass com­ gressive action was unprovoked and objectives, and how to build an attitude mercialism creep into the games; and eventually resulted in the virtual en­ foundation so solid that your attitude we have seen at Munich the ugliness of slavement of the Czechoslovak people. In controls your circumstances instead of international terrorism injected into the 1970 the Members of Congress over­ your circumstances controlling your atti­ Olympiad. whelmingly condemned the actions of tude. The book and course vividly de­ This year's Olympic host, the Gov­ the Soviet Union and called upon the scribes how we acquire destructive hab- ernment of Canada, has now taken the President to take such steps as may be July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23579 necessary to end the antagonistic Soviet the signatories to "facilitate wider travel the group to "Assist Fulfillment of the occupation, Members of Congress have by their citizens." Helsinki Accords in the U.S.S.R.," a body since supported efforts to end the totali­ Based on these facts, -one might con­ formed in May of this year to collect tarian regime in Czechoslovakia and I clude that Russian citizens enjoy many documentation from Soviet citizens about heartily commend those efforts. rights and suffer few restrictions. I think violations of the Helsinki Accord for I believe the Congress should again it is important to show the truth: these report to the international community. show our support for basic freedoms to "pledges" are merely words. This Congress just passed a law which exist in Czechoslovakia by pledging our To see the weakness of the promise of establishes a Commission to do substan­ support to the Czech-Slovak resistance, "religious freedom" in the U.S.S.R., one tially the same thing, to monitor com­ and calling for an end to the political need only look at the case of Pastor pliance of the signatories with the Hel­ and economic injustices which exist Georgi Vins, the leader of a Baptist sinki agreement. I am proud to say that there. As a nation celebrating 200 years movement in the Soviet Union. Vins has I was one of the cosponsors of the ori­ of liberty and equality we can well under­ suffered because of his normal religious ginal bill introduced in the House by stand the urgency and desire this small activities. During the past 13 years of Mrs. FENWICK of New Jersey. Such and proud nation has for attaining iw harassment by Soviet authorities, he was "oversight groups" can have the import­ usurped independence. The Soviets have sentenced to 3 years in prison by the ant result of matching Soviet actions to not only denied them their freedom but Moscow City Court in ·November 1966. Soviet words before the international in the process has violated specific pro­ He was arrested again in March 1974 and community. It would be my hope that visions outlined in the United Nations kept in prison in Kiev without a trial un­ this might inspire the U.S.S.R. to live ;charter of which the Soviet Union is a til January 1975 when he was condemned up to its pledges, and thus, much of the party to. Among these provisions, the to 5 years in prison to be followed by 5 senseles~ persecution which does exist Soviet occupation: years in exile in Siberia for "unauthor­ today might be abated. I ask my col­ First, violated the sovereignty of a ized religious activities." The persecu­ leagues to join me in making the voice member state of the U.N.-article 2, sec­ tion of Vins and his family establishes of the Congress heard in the Kremlin. tion 1; the fact of continuing religious repres­ Let us take the Soviets to task and urge Second, was carried out in violation of sion in the Soviet Union. them to discontinue their present policy article 2, section 7 prohibiting outside The claim of "freedom of speech" has of promising freedom while delivering intervention in matters essentially within been exposed as untrue largely thanks to injustice. the domestic jurisdiction of any state; the courageous actions of men like 1'.Jex­ Third, is in conflict with article 2, sec­ andr Solzhenitsyn and Andrei Sakharov. tion 4 prohibiting the use of military But untold numbers still suffer because SPEECH BY JOHN S ..WARNER force in the relations between members they dare to speak freely, because they of the United Nations; dare to speak the truth. One tragic ex­ Fourth, and violated the principle of ample is that of Mustafa Dzhemilev, HON. DALE MILFORD self-determination of peoples~rticle 1, who has been tortured and imprisoned OF TEXAS section 2. for the past 10 years for campaigning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES After recently observing Captive Na­ for human rights in the U.S.S.R. Specif­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 ically, Dzhemilev spoke out on behalf tions Week, and when considering our Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, as we all own love for democratic principles, it of fellow Crimean Tatars who wish to return to their ancestral homeland, know, in recent months there has been especially becomes encumbent upon our considerable public debate on what the world leadership position to rise in sup­ Crimea, on the Black Sea. In 1944, be­ tween 200,000 and 250,000 Tatars were Central Intelligence Agency should and port of Czechoslovakia's protest and should not do, should and should not mighty resistance against this immoral unjustly deported from the Crimea to Central Asia on a charge of collaborat­ have done, and what it must do and not occupation by a foreign power. It is im­ do in the future. portant to the spirit of democracy and ing w:i.th the German invaders. They were the principles of self-determination that officially absolved in 1967, but the esti­ However, what has been overlooked in Congress extends its sincere support and mated 110,000 Tatars who perished dm­ all this disection of the agency, has been cooperation to the Czech and Slovak peo­ ing the deportation can never be brought what the CIA does on a regular and rou­ ple in this time of need. back. But even in light of the'new Soviet tine basis, what its functions are exactly ID. recognition of 8 long years of sor· "attitude", authorities have allowed only and how they are carried out. row and repression by the Soviet Union, a small number to return. Protest of My good friend, Orval Hansen, of I pledge my support toward observance this policy, and efforts to maintain the Purcell, Hansen & Valdez, attorneys at of the "Soviet Day of Shame," and I Grimean heritage have met only false faw, here in Washington, has provided enjoin my colleagues to also express their countercharges, and long prison sen­ me w1th the remarks of one of his broth­ dismay with the policies of the Soviet tences have met the "dissenters." ers in the Air Force Reserve, John s. Union toward Czechoslovakia by their And last, the "pledge" to facilitate Warner, former General Counsel of the support. wider travel by their citizens also lacks Central Intelligence Agency. substance. The well-known case of Val­ His remarks were made before the Re­ entyn Moroz, the courageous Ukrainian serve Officers Association of the U .s. SOVIET PROMISES: MERELY EMPTY historia.n now in a Soviet prison, only Air Force chapter No. l, on May 4, 1976. WORDS scratches the surface of the problem. New cases appear daily, and old ones I agree with my friend Mr. Hansen remain unresolved. Vladimir Slepak is that they are an excellent re\riew of the HON. EDWARD I. KOCH the longest waiting refusenik in Moscow. CIA and its workings. The article follows: OF NEW YORK For more than 7 years, he has suffered SPEECH BY JOHN S. WARNER TO RESERVE OF­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES constant persecution in his appeal for exit visas for himself and his family. FICERS AsSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Thursday, July 22, 1976 His wife, Masha, recently took the des­ Am FORCE CHAPTER No. 1 Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, ostensibly Thank you Colonel Berke, and good eve­ perate step of divorcing her husband so ning colleagues and friends. the Soviet Union represents a bastion of that she and her son could apply to leave I have devoted most of my adult life to two freedom and rights for all. The constitu­ Russia independent of her husband's organizations, the Air Force and the Air tion of the U.S.S.R. espouses many of the case. She is in need of immediate medi­ Force Reserve, and the Central Intelligence high ideals and principles which we cal attention . which she could get in Agency. It is a great pleasure, therefore, to be cherish here in the United States, such Israel, but her visa request has been here combining those two interests by speak­ as freedom of religion, promised in ar­ denied notwithstanding her ·health­ ing to Air Force Reserve officers about the ticle 124 of the Soviet Constitution, and Soviet officials say that they do not rec­ CIA. Of course, the bond between the two freedom of speech, press and assembly, ognize the divorce, and that they do not organizations is not limited to the fact that I have been associated with both; the orga­ guaranteed in article 125. Furthermore, break up families. More pretty word nizations share a. common genesis and a com­ the Soviet Union joined the United masking the truth. mon purpose. CIA and the Air Force are sib­ States and 33 other nations in signing But Vladimir Slepak continues his lings, both having been established under an agreement in Helsinki which pledges fight for freedom; he has recently joined the Na.tlona.l Security Act of 1947, then 23580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 known as the Unification Law for the mili­ foreign reactions to such alternatives. The in the sky and from the ocean depths. Before tary services. Thus, we have the same birth­ 'Director of Central Intelligence ls present at these programs, the U.S. intelligence com­ date of September 18, 1947, and we both are all meetings of the National Security Coun­ munity estimated the numbers of Soviet dedicated to serve this country in peace and cil and normally ·will brief on topical for­ ICBMs and aircraf~today we count them. in war. eign intelligence items at the beginning of While some may disagree with the results of While the public appreciates the ut111ty of the meeting. Finally, the Director of Central the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks with the both organizations when war is upon us, Intelllgence meets with the President at a Soviet Union, verification of the facts by there is a somewhat more grudging support set time weekly for discussion of whatever intelligence at least gives our Government in time of peace. In a sense, some segments matters either deems appropriate. the option of considering SALT agreements. of the public lament the fact that the world Now, how does CIA collect foreign intel­ Quickly, a few of the don'ts about CIA. we live in is the sort of place which requires ligence? There are six major areas- We, by law, are prohibited from performing an Air Force and a CIA and at times transfers 1. From unclassified publications, both any law-enforcement or internal security its distaste for this reality into a dislike for U.S. and foreign-trade journals, official re­ function-also we are denied by law any these organizations as though repealing the leases, academic treatises, to name just a police or subpoena authority. There have National Security Act would somehow erase few. been some actions over the years which all war, all evil, and all injustices. 2. Monitoring of public broadcasts in for­ many have considered to be in violation of The National Security Act of 1947 was an eign countries-both commercial and Gov­ these prohibitions. These are' our misdeeds effort to apply the lessons learned in World ernment sponsored. and I am not here to defend such CIA activi­ War II with an eye to the future. As to in­ 3. From other U.S. Government agencies­ ties as the mall opening program or the telligence, most of you will remember that CIA receives all foreign intelligence reports break-in at Fairfax City. our Government had in its possession all of of such agencies as State Department, the Another function of the Agency should be the information needed to have avoided the three military services and others. briefly covered, i.e., covert action. Simply surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. The purpose 4. Contrary to the popul~r conception, CIA put, covert action projects are clandestine then of creating CIA was to put in one does conduct foreign intelligence collection efforts to influence events; for example, place-by law-the ri:sponsibility for collect­ activities within the United States. The FBI through political action, propaganda, para­ ing, or receiving, all intelligence relating to has no charter to collect what 1s called "posi­ m111tary activities or economic action. This our national security. Thus, the Director of tive foreign intelligence"-t heir role is coun­ function has been the most controversial and Central Intelligence is by law the principal terintelllgence and law enforcement. What the least popular, in large measure because are these activities? intelligence advisor to the Presiden~just as critics have failed to distinguish the means the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a. Working on a voluntary and unpaid from the ends. It is possible to dispute based on the same law, is the principal mili­ basis with American citizens who are made whether the United States national interest tary advisor to the President. It should be fully aware that CIA is asking them for is truly served in any particular case by noted that, in fact, CIA is the principal pur­ information regarding foreign matters. If resorting to covert action. But this, it must veyor of foreign intelligence to the Congress. someone does not wish to cooperate, we be noted, is a policy argument addressing You may have noted I said Director of simply walk a.way. I must say, however, that the ends of United States foreign policy. The Central Intelligence, not Director of the Cen­ the response over the years has been and American people must realize that all sig­ tral Intelligence Agency. The former is pur­ continues to be not only forthcoming, but nificant covert action projects are approved posefully in the law. After I have outlined to enormously productive. by the President and, in addition, six com­ you a bit about what the Agency does and b. Now to another collection area within mittees of Congress are informed of such does not do, I shall return to this point be­ the 'L .S. At any one time there are some activity. Admittedly, if clandestine opera­ cause it bears upon the relationship of the 200,000 to 300,000 foreigners in this country, tions are to remain clandestine, a broad­ Agency with the intelligence components of including the diplomatic personnel at ~un­ gauged public debate on each project 1s out the military services. dreds of installations. Are they not legiti­ of the question. However, covert action 1s What does CIA do?-in short, it collects mate targets for collection of foreign intelli­ merely one aspect of foreign policy. The and analyzes information and then dissemi­ gence? Possibly, lacking access to significant broad outlines of foreign policy are debated nates finished intelligence to the President, information at this time, wouldn't you think in public and both Congress and the Execu­ the policy advisors to the President, and to that we would be derelict in our responsi­ tive remain accountable to the electorate for the Congress. b111ties if we did not attempt to make ar­ such policy. Some of you may not realize that CIA is rangements with some of these foreigners More serious than the debate a.bout ends composed of a large staff of analysts-his­ against the day, back in their country, when they could be of assistance? is the question of means. Those who argue torians, political scientists, economists, that the United States should never resort linguists, medical doctors, chemists, and 5. This leads to the next area of collectlon­ to covert action are, in effect, restricting U.S. physicists to mention just a few of the many espionage, that is, the clandestine collection of information a.bout subjects.of importance foreign policy options to diplomatic protests specialties. Indeed, our personnel have the on the one hand and sending in the Marines ability, the expertise and the academic cre­ to the security of the United States, infor­ on the other. In a complex world such sim­ dentials to staff fully a major university and mation which cannot be secured by other plistic approaches are unrealistic, unwork­ all of its departments. They cannot publish means. Some American people recoil at the able and dangerous. Indeed, such outright much of what they work on, and their repu­ word "espionage," but most Americans seem condemnation of an important tool of U.S. tations do not grow as rapidly as they would uniformly convinced that their President should have the best and most complete in­ foreign policy has been rejected by no less if t hey worked at a university. They endure a body than the Senate Select Co~ttee this because they believe that the analytical formation before decisions are made. They which stated in its final report issued last work which they do is essential to our na­ are becoming aware that information, which week, and I quote: tional security. ls freely available in this country merely by It may be of interest to note how this reading the aviation journals and congres­ Given the open and democratic assump­ sional publications, is not available in other tions on which our government 1s based, the President receives his intelllgence from CIA. Committee gave serious consideration to pro­ There is prepared each day a three- to four­ countries and would never become available page briefing called the President's Dally if CIA did not obtain it. It is recorded in the posing a total ban on all forms of covert Bulletin. This contains all significant tn­ Bible that Moses sent a man from each tribe action. The Committee has concluded, how­ t elllgence on foreign happenings in the la.st to "spy out the land of Canaan," and Joshua ever, that the United States should main­ 24 hours--obviously this is, what is known in sent spies to Jericho, although in good spy tain the option of reacting in the future to intelligence jargon, an all-source brief. There fashion the Bible does not mention their a grave, unforeseen threat to the United are only three other copies---to Secretary of names. Few nations have not used spies in States national security through covert State, Secretary of Defense, and the Director both peace and wartime and espionage is means. of Central Intelligen~e. This brief is pre­ firmly based in customary international law I might add that last year there were sented personally to the President each and the established practice of nations. riders offered to the Defense Appropriation morning by a CIA officer-there are frequent 6. And now the sixth area of collection­ Act in both Houses to prohibit covert action questions by the President as to the signifi­ that is collection of intel11gence by tech­ by CIA. In recorded votes both the House cance of ea.ch item; or the~e may be a re­ nical means-for example the U-2 program. and Senate soundly rejected the riders. quest for information on other topics. This Most people remember the U-2 as a result of Now it is time to turn to the relationship of face-to-face with feedback is truly a mar­ the Francis Gary Powers shootdown over the Director of Central Intelligence to the velous situation to assure that CIA is meet­ Russia and the subsequent break-up of the other intelligence components of the Gov­ ing the foreign intel11gence needs of the Summit Conference in Paris between Presi­ ernment, including those of the three mlll­ President. dent Eisenhower and Khrushchev. But where tary services and the Defense Intelligence Of course the President is also sent all was the Strategic Air Command getting the Agency of the DOD. As I stated earlier, by National Intelligence Estimates, such as the information for their target folders for the law, the Director of Central Intelllgence 1s annual review of the current and future previous four years? How many billions of the principa.l intelligence advisor to the status of the Soviet Strategic Forces. From dollars were not appropriated and spent be­ President. But also, by law, the intelligence time to time the President wlll ask for an cause our Government was able to judge pre­ components elsewhere in the Government opinion with respect to alternate courses of cisely the strategic forces of the U.S.S.R.? have a role. With respect to national esti­ action involving a foreign policy matter-the Today, follow-on programs continue. Infor­ mates and other finished intelligence, the CIA review, however, ls limited only to the mation is collected continuously from high matter can be put very simply-all foreign July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23581 intelligence components of the Government Senate and House Select Committees have I would note that the CIA leadership is and CIA ha.ve access to the same raw intel­ revealed that this was not the case. The firmly committed to eliminaiting the fetish ligence. A draft estimate 1s prepared and public was concerned that CIA activities of secrecy which surrounded intelligence in reviewed by all-again with all having access were directed against ordinary American the past. The signs are up on the parkways to the same raw intelligence. Under law, citizens, that the Agency was accumulating leading to CIA. Newspapermen, businessmen however, the final responsib1llty rests upon vast files on Amerlqans and exerting a chill­ and students have been invited to our Head­ the Director of Central Intelligence-there­ ing influence on first and fourth amend­ quarters for briefings. CIA omctals are mak­ fore, tne estimates are his and signed by him. ment rights. In fact, most of the so-called ing themselves available to respond to legiti­ Others may concur or they ma.y take a dis­ CIA files on American citizens, unrelated to mate public inquiry through general dis­ sent to a sentence, a paragraph or the whole espionage or Agency employment consist of cussions of our activities. I believe, more­ estimate, but they are required to state their unsolicited documents received from other over, that CIA can and should respond to the reasons for dissent-and, if I may, so fre­ Government agencies. public's need for assurance by reporting fully quently do. The aura of sensationalism, overstatement to congressional committees or other bodies Another aspect of the title "Director of and exaggeration backfired against the appointed by the public's representatives to • Central Intelligence" relates to coordination critics because by appealing to emotions, receive and retain ·this sensitive information of foreign intelligence activities throughbut the underlying philosophical, ethical and po­ and to make value judgments about our the Government. He is charged by law with litical problems were obscured. Instead of functions and activities. this respons1b1llty and with making recom­ engendering a great national debate on in­ But secrecy has never been entirely elimi­ mendations to the National Security Coun­ telligence activities, the issue was drawn in nated in American society. Our milltary cil with respect to such activities affecting such a way as to force the electorate into forces must be responsive to our public, but the national security. Additionally, he is two camps, those who had a doctrinaire and our public does not demand that our war charged with the responsib111ty of making rabid hatred or fear of CIA and those who plans be published. Our judicial system must budgetary decisions on all national intelli· did not. meet the public's standards of justice, but gence programs. This Is indeed a heavy re­ As the months wore on and the initial our judicial conferences and grand jury pro­ sponsib111ty when one considers that over shock of the various revelations wore off, a ceedings are not conducted in public. It is 80 percent of foreign intelligence dollars are majority of the American people came to see even necessary for the Congress to conduct appropriated other than to CIA-and most that behind the smoke was very little fire some of its business in executive session, of this within the D~partment of Defense. -and that the Agency, far from trampling while remaining accountable to the voters Now as to the publicity over the la.st two upon the rights of U.S. citizens, was dedi­ for the legislaition it passes. Finally, I need years-certainly the military has received its cated to protecting those rights. Moreover, not remind you of the extent to which the share of brickbats over the years. Its efforts the media audience, regularly exposed to the media will go to protect its new sources. to warn the American people of the threat derring-do of "I Spy" and the electronic Similarly, CIA needs to keep some secrets. posed by Soviet bombers, missiles, subma­ gadgetry of "Mission Impossible" found the If our potential adversaries learn of our rines and modern conventional forces, have House and Senate revelations of CIA activi­ access to carefully hidden information, they been derided as an attempt to scarce the ties rather commonplace. If anything, the could ideilltify the individual who gave it to public into accepting larger defense spend­ public fancy was caught by dart guns and us or they could correct the technical leak ing to somehow benefit the military rather voice alteration devices rather than the more that allowed us to pick it up. If our officers than protecting the country. Still, at its serious issues. The general view became one abroad are identified, they can be carefully worst, congressional and public scrutiny of of surprise that CIA had not done more, followed by local authorities or targeted by the military has not seriously damaged it. rather than shock that it had done too much. local terrorists. I here point out the brutal Media attacks on the mllitary have not been I am, of course, pleased that the pendulum murder of Richard Welch in Athens of De­ sustained when compared to the barrage of of public opinion has shifted, but I am con­ cember last year. I believe it is feasible, criticism and half-truths which have been cerned that the new popular mood repre­ therefore, to explain to the American people spread about the Agency over the past two sents an equally distorted 'view of the the functions and activities of CIA and the years. Agency critics have exposed every Agency. We can do without mindless critics Intelligence Community while ait the same blunder, every misstep and mistake and al­ but we are not seeking unt~inking parti~ans time maintaining the necessary secrecy of though the Agency has been able to defend either. All we desire ls that the American the sources and methods of our intelligence, itself on specific issues, the overall impres­ people have a somewhat better appreciation which would dry up if publicized. Indeed, sion which was left was of an organization of this country's need for intelligence so that I would go further and state that I believe which had run amok. thoughtful debate on the serious issues can it essential that we Americans tighten up Now it is true that some few things which begin. the secrecy of our intelligence sources and the Agency has done it ought not to have Clearly rthe time ls ripe for such discussion methods if American intelllgence is still done. But I must point out that the mis­ because we are, in a sense, at a crossroads going to lead the world in its development deeds were corrected before the advent of in our history and in the history of the of new techniques and in providing our any of the investigations. During the spring Intelligence Community. Today we live in a na tlonal leaders and our people the kind of and summer of 1973, a thorough in-house world that is still fragmented into East and intelligence support we Americans expect, investigation was conducted and the DOI west, industrialized and underdeveloped, re­ i.e., second to none. issued a set of directives to correct all ac­ source rich and resource dependent. World­ Our laws now provide for criminal penalties tions which were inappropriate for the wide economic interdependence, rapid tra~­ for the unauthorized disclosure of certain Agency to conduct. Neither the reporters nor pol"tation and communications, and the census information, income tax information, the investigating committees brought forth enormous reach of modern weapons present Selective Service information, and cotton and any new missteps or misdeeds which had not us with an unparalleled opportunity and in­ other agricultural statistics. I think it rea­ been uncovered and corrected by CIA itself, centive to advance the cause of peace, but, sonable that there should also be penalties but each issue was unveiled with great fan­ at the same time, increasing political frus­ for the unauthorized disclosure of foreign in­ fare and then periodically rediscovered week tration, communal strife, terrorism and nu­ telligence sources and methods upon which after week and month after month. In addi­ clear proliferation pose dangers which the safety of the nation could :well depend. tion, events were constantly blown out of threaiten chaos. It is necessary that the Gaining the essential trust of the American proportion. The normal detail of CIA em­ American people become more aware of these people and tolerance for necessary secrecy re­ ployees to other Government agencies was problems and come to realize that intelli­ quires us to consider how we can assure the called "infiltration"; an Army vulnerability gence is essential because it enables us to publlc that the Agency operates within its study of the New York subway was ascribed negotiate solutions rather than confront charter and within the bounds set by the to CIA plotting because one of its offi.cers crises, and it enables us to make peace Constitution. It is not enough for the Agen­ read the report; and conspiracy theorists through knowledge raither than stumble into cy to observe that lt uncovered its mistakes proclaimed CIA complicity in the assassina­ confiict through misunderstanding. Today by itself. I can report, however, that the tion of President Kennedy. there are no simple solutions because we Agency and its lawyers have reviewed the or­ In essence, Agency critics have engaged in are not facing simple problems and, hence, ganizational dynamics which led to the prob­ a verbal variant of the old Oriental torture have more need for CIA and the Intelligence lem and have developed procedures and in which the victim is repeatedly nicked and Community than ever before. mechanisms to prevent its recurrence. cut with sharp knives. No one cut is serious, Another issue which should be addressed In place of an overly rigid application of but in the aggregate, they are deadly. These ts the secrecy issue and this is related to the principle of compartmentation are Agen­ critics so magnified Agency mistakes, so dis­ the public perception of ·the Intelligence cy regulations requiring consultation with torted its actions, and so misstated its pur­ Community. The question is often asked, the Agency lawyers on all activities whose poses, that it was a wonder that the Amer­ not just by our critics, but by many thought· legality is not clearly established. I am ican people did not rise up in righteous in­ ful Americans, whether in a democracy we pleased to state that a very definite pattern dignation to demand the very abolition of can accommodate a secret organization with of consultation with Agency lawyers by the CIA. At first, a majority of Americans appeared a. secret budget, secret a.gents and secret op­ Director has set the tone over the pa.st couple erations. The fear ts expressed that secrecy of years. to be deeply concerned that the Agency Paralleling these steps ta.ken by the Agen­ might really be an invisible government, op­ prevents a free discussion of important policy erating without Executive branch control, issues and ts undesirable beeause it helps to cy are other steps taken by the President to but the Rockefeller Commission and the cover mistakes and abuses. clarify the mission of CIA and other elements 23582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 of the Intelligence Community. Executive of Oregon. How· will we implement a ctement for the appropriate pollutants Order 11905, issued February 18, 1976, repre­ program to make sui;~ that that air stays produced by the powerplant. sented a giant step forward. It more specifi­ clean forever? · What these studies by EPA assume, cally defines the duties and responsibilities of however, is that the full increment in CIA. It sets clear restrictions on intelligence It is simple. The answer is to control, activities to ensure that the rights of Amer­ if not stop, industrial growth in those the area will be available for such a ican citizens are not violated, and it sets up areas. Even the tightest air pollution con­ plant to locate, that the plant will use an Intelligence Oversight Board to which the trol techniques will not completely elim­ up the entire allowable increment, and General Counsel and the Inspector General inate all emissions, so unless you want that since a powerplant produces more must report all questionable activities. I be­ to build nothing but "pencil factories" emissions than any other type of plant, lieve these steps not only reinforce the ability you must control major facility siting. then if you can locate such a powerplant, of the Agency to uncover any abuses or ques­ there will be no problems locating any tionable activities, it goes a long way to You must control forestry operations, prevent abuses from developing. and you must control energy and re­ other type of basic industrial facility. I would conclude by saying that the men sources development. If you do not, then All these assumptions are unfortun- · and women who make up the Intelligence those clean areas will sooner or later ately wrong. One, recent work by the Community are doing everything they can to become "dirty" like our cities; right? Chamber of Commerce on this issue has win the trust of the American people. You So you must control the siting of all produced data obtained from EPA's re­ have heard me use the words law and lawyers gional offices which shows that the in­ a number of times· tonight. CIA was created "dirty" industrial plants, as the environ­ by law and its people are as fully aware as mental obstructionists like to char­ crement in vast Western areas of the all Americans that this is a nation governed acterize them. What is another name for country is not fully available. More spe­ by law and not by men, except as they serve this? Land use planning, of course. cifically, natural emissions from conif­ the law. The dedicated men and women at Again, you are not talking about a health erous forests, sulfur mist from sulfur CIA are striving to improve the quality of in­ problem which the environmentalists like beds and pollens and wind-blown dust telligence, but they are well aware that only to throw out when dealing with "environ­ raise the background level - of natural by maintaining scrupulous care that in­ pollution so high in many areas that telligence activities are conducted in a mental" issues-you are talking about. constitutional and lawful manner can intel­ facilities siting and whether or not you the full increment iS not available for ligence serve its true purpose, the protection can or cannot build something on your use by new industrial facilities. In fact, of American freedoms. own land. You are talking about some­ in some places these natural pollutants thing which is pure and simply land use actually violate the strictest national air control, mandated by the Federal Gov­ quality standard set by EPA to protect ernment and based on a single criterion­ public health. CLEAN AIR OR FEDERAL LAND USE the quality of the air over that land. Two, the assumption is used in all the CONTROL? The amount of development-siting, if reports that the powerplant which can you will-will depend on the proximity be built in a particular test area by using HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS of any large national parks or wilderness up all the available increment. The re­ areas, the type and size of the plant and ports make no mention of the social and OF IDAHO economic impacts resulting because no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the local topography and meterology. Let us assume :you wanted to build a new other plants could then be built in the Thursday, July 22, 1976 plant in an area close to no park or area. We believe that this assumption Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, for the past wilderness area and in a flat area with is true and is a real problem. What 2 successive years, Congress has failed little or no win{}. You would expect to be other types of facilities could then be to pass a land use bill. Why then are able to build about anything you wanted located in such an area in order to use to, right? Wrong. the electrical power produced by the some environmental advocates on Capitol already-located powerplant? Growth Hill so determined to implement a "back You would first have to spend 1 year will have to be dispersed in order to find door" aproach to land use control taking air quality monitoring data an available increment, and sprawl will through environmental legislation? How, around the proposed plant site. Then, be encouraged. you may ask is that coming about? you would have to do a study to show Simple-with the nondegradation pro­ the anticipated emissions from such a Third, the last assumption is wrong visions of H.R. 10498, the Clean Air Act plant using a computer "diffusion mod­ because even though it is true that a Amendments. eling technique" which would approxi­ powerplant produces the most emissions, Nondegradation is a term to describe mate the emissions from such a plant. it is also true that other basic industries an issue which is concerned with con­ YDu would then have to take these re­ can also be severely affected, perhaps in trolling the air quality over areas of the sults to the State air pollution control different ways but certainly in the one country where it is better than the na­ agency which would apply a strict set long-term manner in which all major tional standards intended by Congress to of guidelines, set by EPA, to determine lndustries will be affected: long-term protect the public health and welfare-­ if the anticipated emissions from your growth in the country once all the in­ we are talking about clean air. proposed plant would violate the allow­ crements have been used up. Environmental obstructionists do not able pollution increment-!or sulfur di­ The big unanswered question that want to se·e this air degraded from its oxide and particulates-dust, soot, and neither EPA, nor the Congress, nor the present state, citing arguments that any so forth-if the Senate version is environmentalists have ever addressed pollution whatever is damagin$ to public adopted-or for all six pollutants for · and have no answer for is-what will health and that we cannot allow these which there is a national standard if happen to our country soCially, economi­ undeveloped areas to become as "dirty'' the House bill is passed into law. cally, and in our basic style of living as the big industrial cer..ters of the North­ The studies which have been done when all growth is stopped 10 or possi­ east. Now all this sounds pretty good, by the Government-EPA/FEA-on this bly 15 years from now when every avail­ right? issue have only concerned themselves able increment has been used up? But stop to think of what kind of pro­ with electric utility plant siting. The The present way in which industry gram will be needed to insure that these conclusion of the first report said that maintains the economic productivity of vast sections of the country remain clean large coal-fired powerplants can be built. its old facilities is to either modernize the forever. Do not concentrate on the issue However, the body of the report itself existing facility or replace it with a new of whether or not we should protect the contains so many caveats clarifying that one. Under nondegradation, neither will air over such rare natural wonders as the statement that it brings its validity into be possible. Decadent plants will have to Grand Canyon or Yellowstone National serious question. In effect, industry has be abandoned, jobs will be lost, and the Park. We want to keep the air clean in determined, large powerplan ts can be economy and the entire Nation will suf­ these areas, too, and no one is talking built if the surrounding terrain is rela­ fer. Growth and expansion will be about locating large facilities in such na­ tively flat, if there are no nearby class I brought to a screeching halt. I do not tional treasures. But just think about the areas-parks and wilderness areas, and think anyone wants to see that-but the other places in the country where the air if there are no new plants which have only way to stop it from happening is to is also crystal clean, like the hills of Vir­ already located in the vicinity which stop nondegradation on the House floor ginia, the plains of Kansas, or the forests have used up part of the allowable in- when we consider H.R. 10498, Clean Air July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23583 Act amendments. Our colleague from flict. The Roaring Twenties-and the satisfy demand over the period 1976 through Florida, BILL CHAPPELL, will off er an Great Depression of the 1930's-are 1978; amendment to the bill on the floor to matters of personal experience. She has (3) exemption of naphthas, gas oils and other products from the Mandatory Petro­ strike section 108 of the bill-the "non­ lived under the administrations of 16 leum Allocation and Price Regulations will degradation provisions. Both industry Presidents: Cleveland, Harrison, Mc­ not adversely affect the supply of any other and labor groups have ·recognized the Kinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, Wil­ oil or refined product subject to the Emer­ threat to the economy posed by this bill; son, ·Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, Frank­ gency Petroleum Allocation Act (EPAA); so I ask my colleagues to join in support lin Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Ken­ (4) competttion and market forces will be of the effort to remove the nondegrada­ nedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford. adequate to protect consumers following ex­ tion provisions from this legislation. As She can recall the first flight of the emption of naphthas, gas oils and other prod· I said before this provision will amount ucts from regulation: Wright Brothers as it was reported in (5) anticipated price increases during the to nothing more than Federal land use the news; and this week has seen the first next two years will be minimal and may be control through the back door and en­ pictures taken from the surface of Mars. directly related to crude oil cost increases; forced by unelected bureaucrats. Her life has been rich with the march (6) exemption of naphthas, gas oils and of history, but richer yet has been her other products from regulation will not re­ long and successful marriage, and the sult in inequitable prices for any class of satisfaction of sharing her life with a users of the exempted products or any user MRS. DOROTHY SIBBING: NINETY warm, growing, and vital family. of other petroleum products; .YEARS YOUNG (7) exemption of naphthas, gas oils and Ori July 15, the family and friends of other products from the price and allocation Dorothy Sibbing shared their happiness regulations is consistent with the attainment with her, as she celebrated turning 90 of the objectives set forth in Section 4(b) HON. GLENN M. .ANDERSON years young. I am sure that the festiv­ ( 1) of the EP.M\; OF CALIFORNIA ities that day must have been a marvel­ (8) no adverse state or regional impacts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous experience, especially in honor of a are anticipated to result from the proposed person as special as Mrs. Sibbing. exemption; Thursday, July 22, 1976 (9) no adverse impacts on the availability Msy wife Lee joins me in congratulating Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. of goods or services, the Gross National Prod­ Dorothy Sibbing on reaching this mile­ uct, small business or the supply and avail­ Speaker, July 15, 1976 was a very special stone in her life, and we wish her many ability of energy resources as a fuel or feed­ occasion for Mrs. Dorothy Sibbing of years of happiness and good health to stock for industry are anticipated to result Hawthorne, Calif., her family and come. from the proposed exemption; friends. For on that day she celebrated (10) the exemption will have a positive her 90th birthday-certainly a time for effect on competition; and celebration in a lifetime that has lasted (11) no adverse effect on employment or almost half of the history of the United ENERGY ACTION NO. 5 consumer prices,is anticipated to result from States. the proposed exemption. Dorothy Sibbing was born on July 15, HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Mr. Speaker, these conclusions follow 1886 in the town of Quincy, Ill. At that from an analysis which parallels the time, there were no automobiles or air­ OF MICHIGAN analysis submitted by the Federal En­ planes. The Civil War was recent history, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ergy Administration in support of Energy being only 20 years old, and we were still Thursday, July 22, 1976 Actions No. 3 and No. 4. Those energy in the process of settling what is now the Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, on July 20, actions related to the exemption of mid­ Western United States. In 1909, Dorothy dle distillates, including heating oils, 1976, the Federal Energy Administration diesel fuels and kerosene, from both price was married to Anton Sibbing, and in transmitted to the Congress Energy 1959 she and her husband-since Action No. 5, a proposal to exempt and allocation controls. That analysis deceased-celebrated their golden wed­ naphtha, gas oils, and a range of other was premised upon the conclusion that ding anniversary. products, including benzene, toluene, refinery capacity will be adequate to sat­ Besides raising their son, Harold, the isfy projected demand for middle distil­ lubricating oils and greases, from both lates. The conclusion of adequate re­ Sibbings found time to be active com­ price and allocation controls. The Con­ munity members. Dorothy became a finery capacity, made in the analysis gress has 15 calendar days during which supporting Energy Actions No. 3 and No. State officer of the Loyal Order of Moose it may express its disapproval of this in Illinois, and was a cofounder of Moose 4, also supports the analysis submitted proposed exemption. If not disapproved by the Federal Energy Administration in Heart, a children's home in the State. by either House on or before August 4, In 1941 the Sibbings moved t<} Haw­ justification of Energy Action No. 5. That 1976, the exemption will take effect on is to say, it follows logically that if re­ thorne, Calif. Mrs. Sibbing now resides September l, 1976. in the very same house her family moved fining capacity is more than adequate Irrespective of congressional action on to satisfy projected demand for the ma­ into at that time. this proposal, price and allocation con- jor product categories comprising middle Since then, of course, the family has . trols will continue to be administered by distillates, surplus capacity is likely to grown. Dorothy has five grandchildren, the Federal Energy Administration over exist for the production of the minor and 7 great-grandchildren. They have gasoline, naphtha-based jet fuel, kero­ products covered by Energy Action No. undoubtedly brought her much happi­ sene-based jet fuel, aviation gasoline, 5, products which account for less than ness, and they have had the opportunity propane, and butane. In addition, Energy 6 percent of the barrel of crude oil. to know and love a person whose years Action No. 5 does not change existihg The House has expressed its will with are more than matched by her experi­ FEA allocation controls applicable to respect to Energy Actions No. 3 and No. ence, wisdom, and capacity to give hap­ naphtha used as a feedstock for synthetic 4 by failing to disapprove these proposals. piness and love. Besides being the "First natural gas plants. Naphtha consumed The Congress received assurances from Lady" of her clan, Mrs. Sibbing is still for this purpose remains under alloca­ the Federal Energy Administration that an active member of St. Joseph's Parish tion controls, pending completion of an the price levels of sensitive consumer in Hawthorne. environmental impact statement re­ products, such as No. 2 home heating oil, Dorothy's life has encompassed some garding the environmental consequences would be carefully monitored and appro­ of the great events in our Nation's his­ of exemption of naphtha for such feed­ priate action would be taken, including tory. During this Bicentennial year, stock uses from the allocation regu­ reimposition of controls, if the prices of many of us have taken the opportunity lations. these products rose substantially above to recall those times. Yet for most Amer­ In its findings and views in support of the levels which would have prevailed icans alive today, they are only episodes Energy Action No. 5, the Federal Energy under continued regulation. Reassured from a history book. For Dorothy Sib­ Administration concluded that: by this promise, the House has accepted bing, they are living memories and ex­ ( 1) naphthas, gas oils and other products the fundamental premise of the FEA periences from a rich and rewarding life. covered by the proposed exemption are not analysis regarding the existence of ade­ Mrs. Sibbing was alive during the now in short supply; quate refinery capacity. Spanish-American War, World Wars I (2) projected supplies of naphthas, gas oils In view of the similarity between the and n, Korea, and the Vietnam con- and the other products will be sufficient tc analysis supporting Energy Action No. 5, 23584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 and that which supported Energy Ac­ During 1975, Mrs. Herman spoke before the the private sector that is expected to tions No. 3 and No. 4, I believe it would Langley Park Rotary Club, Langley-White provide up to 2.5 million new jobs by the 0ak Lions Club, Prince George's County Ex­ be inappropriate for me to present sub­ ecutive, Prince George's County Council, end qf this year and 2 million more in stantially the same question to the House Prince George's Bo.a.rd of Education, Mary­ 1977. It is a vote to pave the way for per­ with respect to Energy Action No. 5. land-National Capital Park and Planning manent income tax reductions of more Therefore, I do not propose to take any Commission, Takoma-East Silver Spring than $10 billion which in tum will permit action with respect to disapproval of Commission, a special workshop of the Mary­ a quick and major increase in the take­ Energy Action No. 5. I believe this course land Committee for the Humanities and home pay of all taxpayers. With a re­ is consistent with the will of the House Public Policy, and a special task force ot sultant stimulation of consumer buying as expressed by the acquiescence of the Langley Park ministers. power and private investment, more jobs House in decontrol of middle distillates. Mrs. Herman is a multifaceted woman who will be required to keep pace with con­ found time during 1975 to serve as wife and Section 551(f) (4) (A) of the Energy mother; cheerful friend to many; to enroll sumer demands. This, I believe, is the Policy and Conservation Act provides a in a degree program at University College at right path toward full employment. means for bringing this matter before the the University of Maryland; to host a weekly Government infusion of funds in the House by permitting a privileged motion radio program on WGTS-FM; to serve as private sector must be carefully balanced to be made to discharge the committee community editor of the Langley Park Voice; with the ability of communities to use from consideration of a resolution of to serve as Project Director of the Langley those funds to provide jobs, our national Park "Civic Literacy" project; to serve as disapproval after such a resolution has Langley Park's representative to Prince need to minimize deficit spending that been referred to the committee for 5 George's Community Development Advisory feeds inflation and unemployment, and days. Because the rights of Members Committee; to serve a.s chief Republican the reality that tax-consumptive jobs who may disagree with my position are Election Judge for Precinct 17-10; to serve only postpone a return to the unemploy­ adequately protected by tltis procedure, as a county education advisory coIIlmittee; to ment lines if private enterprise has not I do not believe it incumbent upon me, actively participate in the Langley Park­ been stimulated by consumer confidence as chairman of the Subcommittee on McCormack, and Buck Lodge PTAs; and to in Government's ability to encourage Energy and Power, to schedule hearings appear at many public hearings. lasting jobs in the private sector. Presi­ Sylvia Herman was the unanimous choice on this matter and I do not plan to a.s Langley Park Woman of the Year. To help dent Ford's budget represents the use schedule any such hearings. celebrate International Woman's Year a.s des­ of public works expansion within the I hope this information regarding En­ ignated by the United Nations for 1975, the limits of time and job creation restraints. ergy Action No. 5 and my position will Langley Park Voice sponsored a contest to In 1976, the President's budget targets be of assistance to Members in planning :find Langley Park's Woman of the Year. Mrs. $18 billion for public works projects with the course of action which they deem Herman was selected based on conversations $11 billion going to State and local gov­ appropriate. with representatives from the humanities, ernments for this purpose. In 1977, the business community, the clergy, com­ spending for public works would increase munity organizations, and a telephone sur­ vey of 150 residents of Langley Park; now, by 17 percent or by over $3 billion. I be­ therefore, be it lieve this is a credible and well-balanced MRS. SYLVIA HERMAN-LANGLEY Resolved by the Senate of Maryland, That commitment. PARK, MD., WOMAN OF THE YEAR Mrs. Sylvia Herman be extended the con­ Unlike the President's proposals for gratulations of this Body on being named employment, S. 3201 provides funds for Langley Park Woman of the Year; a.nd be it sudden-decision public works projects HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN further that are even then expected to take 9 OF MARYLAND Resolved, That copies of this Resolution be sent to Mrs. Sylvia Herman, Community months to filter down to the project lo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Editor, Langley Park Voice, Langley Pa.rk, cation. It would add approximately $1.5 Thursday, July 22, Maryland. billion to our deficit in 1977 alone. That 197~ is money we do not have and would Mrs SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, at the have to borrow. But the biggest disap­ recent' Prince George's County dinner of MORE JOBS FOR THE DOLLAR pointment found in S. 3201 is the small the National Conference of Christian and number of jobs actually created. Mr. Jews, Mrs. Sylvia Herman was recog­ Speaker, this ls paying lipservlce to the nized as the Langley Park, Md., Woman HON. W. HENSON MOORE needs of our unemployed, not providing of the Year. Iri tribute to her achieve­ OF LOUISIANA large-scale lasting employment with non­ ments the Maryland State Senate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Federal paychecks. adopt~ a resolution authored by the Thursday, July 22, 1976 Our tax dollars must be stretched to Honorable Meyer M. Emanuel, Jr., State provide Louisiana taxpayers and those Senator from Prince George's County. Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, today's elsewhere in the Nation with a maximum Because Mrs. Herman has demonstrated House vote to override the President's return on their investment in govern­ a rare degree of dedication, imagination, veto of the $3.95 billion Public Works ment. I cannot in good conscience report and plain hard work in striving to im­ Employment Act, S. 3201, fails to stretch to my constituents that this method of prove the community in which she lives, a tax dollar far enough to provide lasting · short-lived employment is a wise and I believe it would be most fitting to in­ jobs for our unemployed. Our nationwlde prudent expenditure of their tax dollars. clude in the text of the CONGRESSIONAL unemployment rate of 7.5 percent merits Therefore, my vote today to sustain the RECORD the Maryland State Senate Res­ sound congressional action to create last­ President's veto was cast in hopeful ex­ olution adopted in Mrs. Herman's honor. ing tax-creative jobs in the private sec­ pectation that Congress would look to­ Inspiration is often found in the accom­ tor, not tax-consumptive jobs as pro­ ward a realistic and lasting solution to plishments of others-Mrs. Herman's vided in this bill. Under the provisions unemployment such as the Jobs Creation achievements will no doubt inspire many of S. 3201, 160,000 new jobs at most will Act rather than this unfortunate Americans. be created at a tax cost of $25,000 per job proposal. [Senate of Maryland Resolution No. 48) and a temporary reduction in unemploy­ ment of only one-tenth of 1 percent. This A SENATE RESOLUTION CONCERNING SYLVIA HERMAN is too high a cost for too little in return. FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCIES: For the purpose of congratulating Sylvia Mr. Speaker, I abhor our present rates HAS THE GAME GO'ITEN OUT OF Herman a.s being Langley Park Woman of the of unemployment, but I respectfully re­ HAND? Year. mind my colleagues that the unemploy­ Sylvia Herman has been the dynamic mo­ ment rate stood at 8.5 percent in March tivating force for the new positive identity of last year and it is down to 7 .5 percent HON. PHILIP M. CRANE for Langley Park and for numerous projects today with 3.5 million more Americans at OF ll.LXNOIS to make Langley Park a desirable commun­ work without fueling the fires of infla­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ity. As chairman and one of the originators tion. of the Langley Park Neighborhood Improve­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 ment Committee, she has spent many With this road to economic recovery in eighteen-hour days in study, research, and mind, I believe a vote to sustain the Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, it has taken communication for the upgrading of the President's veto of S. 3201 is a vote to a long time, but Americans seem finally community. continue a. sound job creation policy in to be coming to the realization that July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23585 Government regulatory agencies, origi­ Christmases back to remind parents to mission. Established in 1920 to regulate the nally meant to serve the public, are now purchase safe toys for their children. Be­ interstate business of the electric and nat­ in the pro·cess of becoming enemies of fore the buttons could be distributed, an ural gas industries, FPC has almost limitless the public. obscure inspector realized that they were authority to determine which utility com­ colored with lead paint and, tf licked by panies can do business in the U.S., and how As far back as 1931, in his book "Fare­ children, could cause lead poisoning. much they can charge their customers. Ob­ well to Reform," John Chamberlain So the Consumer Product Safety Com­ viously, the commissioners must be knowl­ noted the primary effect of the new mission was forced to ban all 80,000 of its edgeable about the utility industry-and regulatory agencies was to give dominant own safety buttons. there is the rub. Too often, industry experts business groups a greater control over Increasingly, it seems, Washington calls seem to shuttle back and forth between reg­ their respective economic interests than upon the nation's taxpayers to pay for such ulatory jobs and jobs in the very industries they had previously enjoyed. In his book, foolishness. The right hand of the country's they're supposed to regulate. "The Triumph of Conservatism," Prof. regulators, commissioners, inspectors and A recent study conducted by the General other a.ssorted agency watchdogs doesn't Accounting Office reports that one out of Gabriel Kolko insists that it was the know what their left hand ls doing. As tt every six employees of the Federal Maritime dominant business groups themselves becomes ever more ponderous and expensive, Commission indicated conflict-of-interest who shaped and promoted the so-called government also becomes more ineffective. violations on financial disclosure statements. "progressive" reforms as a means of A simple statistic 1llustrates how the fed­ The Subcommittee on Oversight and 'In­ continuing their own dominance. eral goverment has exploded in our faces. vestigations of the House Government Op­ It is becoming obvious to all that agen­ Regulatory agencies proclaim their com­ erations Committee studied the records of cies such as the Civil Aeronautics Board mands in the pages of the Federal Register. 120 commissioners appointed to nine agen­ serve the airlines, not the consumer, just In 1937, its first full year of publication, the cies in the past 15 years and concluded that Federal Register printed 3,450 pages of ad­ 30 per cent had been recruited from the in­ as the Interstate Commerce Commission ministrative monologue. By 1973 the figure dustry they were supposed to regulate. What serves the truckers, and the interests of had jumped more than tenfold to 35,591 seems even more ominous, 38 per cent, upon the Teamsters Union, not the consumer. pages, in 1974 to 45,422 pages, and last year leaving their federal jobs, went to work for Prof. Murray Rothbard points out that- to 60,221 pages. companies in the industry they had been One of the most significant ways in which By one count, the 24 major regula.tory regulating. the government could aid the poor ts by re­ agencies employ 105,000 persons and spend These regulatory liaisons have predictable moving its own direct roadblocks from their up to $3.8 billion a year to police virtually results. The Food and Drug Administration productive energies. every aspect of American life. The real cost often seems reluctant to ban products in of regulation in artificially inflated prices, which drug companies have invested heavily, The Government bureaucrats who lost productivity and business costs has been despite obvious health hazards (a notable serve as regulators are, more often than estimated by the Office of Management and example ls feminine hygiene deodorant). The not, more of a menace to our free society Budget at $130 billion a year, although this Federal Communications Commission, only than the alleged evils they seek to regu­ figure is disputed by Congress• General Ac­ recently and under extreme duress, allowed late. In an important article, "Who's counting Office. open competition with American Telephone Regulating the Regulators?," William "Our economic system, founded with ow and Telegraph. Hoffer reports that-- nation 200 years ago, has come more and The individual citizen ls virtually power­ Im.ore under government control," warns less to understand the inner workings of Bureaucrats at the Consumer Safety Prod­ Thomas A. Murphy, chairman of General. uct Safety Commission . . . ordered 80,000 America's mysterious regulatory government. Motors. "Very conspicuously in the market­ Many of the most crucial hearings are held brightly colored lapel buttons a few Christ­ place, the government, by mandate and edict mases back, to remind parents to purchase behind closed doors. And when information is substituting its sovereignty for that of th~ finally comes out of the secret meetings, it ts safe toys for their children. Before the but­ individual consumer. Government, rather tons could be distributed, an obscure inspec­ generally camouflaged in the most obscure than the buying public, is increasingly deter­ "legalese" possible. tor realized that they were colored with lead mining the kinds of products and services paint and, if licked by children, could cause Until recently, the business world-that offered for sale, and government regulations segment of the American public that has lead poisoning. So the Consumer Product are influencing their costs and consequently Safety Commission was forced to ban all their prices. the resources to joust with regulatory gov­ 80,000 of its own safety buttons. ernment-was understandably silent about "What is of greatest concern is that each government by non-elected officials. That Unfortunately, this example is all too intrusion of government, because it takes attitude has changed, and business is now typical. Also typical is the manner in decision-ma.king power away from the in­ adding its•voice, to the rising tide of con­ dividual consumer, diminishes his economic which bureaucrats in one agency work in freedom." sumer complaint against ill-conceived gov­ ernment regulation. Business has been direct opposition to bureaucrats in an­ Dver the 200-year history of our nation, as other agency. Mr. Hoffer tells this story: government grew more complex, Congress moved to prtoest because of a frightening The U.S. Department of Agriculture ls ex­ realized it couldn't possibly study the full development-a new type of government tremely concerned that deadly South Amer­ implications of all its laws. Increasingly, it agency that differs dramatically from its ican fire ants may swarm up from Mexico adopted the practical approach of enacting predecessors. and reach as far north as Philadelphia. So broad statutes while at the same time creat­ Faster than a speeding bulletin, more planners at Agriculture developed an emer­ ing regulatory agencies to attend to the de­ powerful than any local government, able gency control program, only to be prohibited tails. With the chaotic alternatives aWful to to leap 220 million lives in a single bound, by the Environmental Protection Agency contemplate, we the public-and many of the the Super Agency has taken over the Ameri­ froin using the only pesticides known to be regulatees-have come to accept much of this can government! effective against the fire ants. regulation as good. The '60s and early '70s brought a wide As bureaucracy has grown bigger, however, array of socio-economic problems, and few It is high time that we restored free less control has remained in the hands of can argue against the lofty goals of ecology, enterprise in such fields as air transpor­ duly-elected representatives-to a point equal opportunity, safety and sufficient en­ tation, trucking, railroads, and a host of where calls for re:t:

Fernando called Dolores at the hospital, but has been allowed to stay to attend her undergone by Jesus, his mother a.greed to where she is keeping a vigil, and told her stricken child. She is employed. as a maid. the hospital's request for an autopsy. he couldn't come. In desperation, she turned But she has not worked since her son's most As the boy's uncles, Pedro and Robert to Stuart Gotkln and Sandy Young, hospital recent admission to Queens General last Moya, began arrangements for their nephew's emergency room coordinators. week. funeral, it remained to be decided where the Despite their extra. work load due to the She feels she must be there when Jesus boy would be buried. hospital strike, Young and Gotkin got on awakens from his drug-induced sleep, which BURIAL SITE UNCERTAIN the telephone beginning at 8 p.m. Friday. is the only surcease available in his travan. Young called the mayor's omce a.nd got no­ His mother, also an Ulegal alien, clings to For three days, she and her boy have sub­ the hope that the Immlgration Service w11l where, Gotkln began calling the State De­ sisted on juices alone. They have grown hag­ defer her deportation indefinitely, 1n which partment 1n Washington and was told that gard together. case Jesus will be burled somewhere near a telegram would be sent to the U.S. Embassy For all of his mother's love, it was im­ in Lima. where he lived in Far Rockaway, Queens. portance that Jesus see his dad, too. He kept If she must go, she will take the boy's body ONE LAST GAMBLE call1ng for him. Last week, when they spoke with her to Peru. Five hours passed and they got no word by phone, Jesus inquired of his father: Even as Jesus' heart was yielding to the from Lima. Then Fernando called a.nd said "Papa, why do you not come to see me?" inevitable, scores of New Yorkers were open­ nobody had contacted him. Shortly before That's when Gotkln and his associate, 'ing their hearts to his family. midnight, Young tried one last gambit. He Sandy Young, got involved.. ,called the U.S. Embassy in Lima and began "He's a proud little kid. He doesn't want BORN ON CHRISTMAS pleading his case. It was 11 p.m. in Lima and people to feel sorry for him," explained. En route to a bingo game Sunday night, no top omcials were a.round, but Young final­ Gotkin. "The least anybody could do was to Mrs. Alma Miranda of South Ozone Park, ly got to talk with Sgt. David Matthews, the get his father here, let the kid see his · Queens, vowed that if she won, her w1nnlngs officer on duty. father one last time." would be donated to the family. "I hold Matthews that the father had the The people at immigration complled, I have three children of my own, and I ·money and the passport but no visa. He was yards of red tape were cut, rules were bent, thank God every day for their good health," great. He took down the information and and very early yesterday, Fernando Guit­ she explained. "I was going to bring the promised to start working on it," Young re­ terez arrived at Kennedy Airport, following money to the hospital with my daughter, ealled. yesterday. "At 8 a.m. this morning I a 3,600-mile, sleepless filght from Lima. ·Denise. She was born on Christmas Day, too, got a call from him. He said he spoke to his An hour later, speechless in his grief, Fer­ just like the Guitterez boy." boss, they talked to some Peruvian brass, I nando Guitterez was embracing his son, Theodora Ora.fas is married to Stephanos, -don't know who, and they persuaded them wanting to pick him out of his deathbed. a general contractor in Woodside. She read to let him come." and run away from this horrible thing that about Jesus' plight yesterday and suggested Yesterday at noon, Fernando was getting had ravaged him and left his wasted body that Stepha.nos reach for his checkbook and his 1mmun1zat1on shot.s in Lima, and he was black and blue. do the right thing. He did. expected to arrive here this morning. Outside Jesus' room, his uncle, Pedro In Greek, Theodora means "a gift of God." The boy has had leukemia for three years Moya, recalled when Jesus kicked a soccer Someone must have known something about .and has been receiving treatment at Queens ball for the first time on a field in Far Rock· her when she was named. General. His mother Dolores, 30, is a maid away, where he lived. who lives with her brother in Far Rockaway. Then, Pablo shook himself loose from IN MEMORY OF A BRAVE LITTLE BOY WHO DIED .She and Fernando entered this country n­ nostalgia and mused aloud about the fu­ (By Peter Coutros) legally several yea.rs a.go. Fernando was de­ ture, which was closing in on all of them­ Granted his normal span of years, Jesus ported, but she was allowed · to remain here Jesus, his mother and father and all those Guitterez might have grown up to sire a because of her son's illness, according to who love him. child, plant a tree, write a line of poetry that Young. "We will have to bury him," he said. "We would generate a smile or a tear. But his life wlll probably have to raise money for. his was terminated at the age of 5, when he was RED TAPE Is CuT AND DAD Joms HIS burial. But if the boy is burled here, wj.11 barely out of infancy-he never rode a bike DYING . SoN they ask his mother and father to go away or sledded on a snowy h111-and now he is He was born on Chirstmas Day, 1970. and leave their only child here? There ls not mourned by people he never knew. And by "It is not by accident that he comes to us enough money to send him with them if those whom he dltl. today," said Fernando Guitterez at the time, they must go back to Peru." In a world that has to reach all the way to .. We must name him Jesus." BOY DIES AFTER SEEING DAD--fils FINAL WISH Mars for something good, something posi­ The baby's mother agreed heartily, tears DmCoMETRUE tive, Jesus left a legacy of love to be shared ()f humility and appreciation streaking her (By Peter coutros) by many. face over such good fortune. Imagine having "He was such a good little boy," said Mrs. your first ba·by, your very first child, on Jesus Guitterez was 5 years old. He spent El~anor Zwicker. "The leukemia had Christmas Day .. . the last two years dying. Yesterday, only deb111tated him badly and he couldn't keep Yesterday, Dolores Guitterez cradled her hours after his last wish had been fulfilled up with the other kids, but he was always in son's head ln her arm and the tea.rs were back when he was reunited with his father, the there trying. And simlling, just like his in her eyes and rol11ng down her cheeks. youngster was dead of leukemia. mother." The gift that ca.me her way five and a half "It seemed as though he stayed alive just Among the domiciles dusted and mopped years ago on Christmas Day was being taken to see his father," said Sandy Young, who, by Jesus' mother, Dolores, ls Mrs. Zwicker's from her. along with another emergency room coordi­ bungalow in Far Rockaway, Queens, not too "He could be dead in 15 hourse or 15 days; nator at Queens General Hospital, worked to bring the father, Fernando, back here from distant from where Jesus lived. it would be a miracle 1! he lasted longer than Last year, Mrs. Zwicker bought the young­ that," said a spokesman for Queens General Peru. He had been deported there as an 11legal alien last year. ster a small red wagon. Recently she pur­ Hospital, the expression on his face warning chased another toy for him, but, before she a;galnst depending on any miracle. MOTHER AT BEDSIDE could get it to him in Queens General Hos­ Jesus Guitterez ls in the la.st stages of Fernando flew in from Lima on an over­ pital, he had lost his fight. terminal leukemia, and the doctors are re­ night, 3,600-mile filght for the reunion early After discarding the toy ("I couldn't pos­ duced to ea.sing the pain that is racking his Sunday. Jesus' spirits were obviously buoyed, sibly give it to another child"), Mrs. Zwicker body. There ls medicine for that, of course, and for the first time in weeks, he was able drove to the Dennis O'Conner funeral home medicine that must be given in larger doses to hold his pain-racked body upright with­ Bit more frequent intervals as the condition to pay her respects to Jesus. out the support of pUlows. • At 9:30 this morning, the Rev. Bruno worsens. Despite his apparent comeback, Jesus' "He doesn't cry when the nurse comes Arcenas w111 omciate at a Mass at St. Mary's mother, Dolores, remained resolutely at her Star of the Sea Church, after which inter­ with the needles," said Stuart Gotkin, emer­ child's bedside, as she had since he was hos­ gency room coordinator. "He shouts, he yells. pitalized a week ago. ment will take place in St. Charles Ceme- He knows he's . dying and he's angry. He tery, Farmingdale, L.I. • doesn't want to die." CHILD DIED "There will be a choir and at least part ot When he wasn't yelling at doctors and Mindful of the doctors' prognosis, which the service will be conducted in Spanish," nurses and their confounded needles, which indicated that Jesus might survive "any­ said the Rev. John Wallace, a member of kept jabbing holes in his painfully swollen where between 15 hours and 15 days," Fer­ the church's staff. left a.rm, young Jesus was yelling for his nando, too, stayed at the boy's side, occas1on­ a.1ly resting his head alongside his son's. The Brooklyn Diocese, which ls providing father. Shortly after 4 a.m. yesterday, Fernando the burial plot for the child, has also ex­ pressed interest in supporting the mother's The last time father and son saw each sensed that Jesus had stopped breathing. He other was late last November, shortly before tried to stir the boy and, when his efforts efforts to be allowed to remain here and not the Immigration Department put Fernando failed, he ran into the corridor to call a. nurse, be deported to Peru because of her status as Guitterez on a plane and returned him to who con.firmed his fears. &n illegal alien. his native Peru for being an illegal alien. Hopeful that research will promote a cure Similarly concerned is Anthony Palumbo, The boy's mother ls also here illegally. that may spare other youngsters, the agony public relations man for Assemblyman Gerdl 23590 EXTENSION$ OF REMARKS July 22, 1976

E. Llpschultz, whose district includes the insert its executive summary and the pose of promoting an effective national pro­ Guitterez home. letter which transmitted it, in the REC­ gram of energy conservation research. Be­ ginning with this report, and through future "The child is an American citizen, so he ORD at this time. has every right to be buried here," said reports and activities, the Advisory Council Palumbo, "His mother wants to stay here The material follows: hopes to develop workable blueprints for because she wants to be able to visit hiE= NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON transforming energy conservation into an ac­ grave. Are we going to say no to that, are we RESEARCH IN ENERGY CONSERVATION, tual, as opposed to a rhetorical, component going to separate them?" Alexandria, Va., June 23, 1976. of national energy policy. Hon. GEORGE E. BROWN, Jr. ThiS report clearly shows that energy con­ DRAWING UP PETITIONS U.S. House of Represntatives, Rayburn House servation should become one cornerstone of Palumbo said petitions would be drawn up Office ·Building, Washington, D.C. a comprehensive energy policy, but that and presented to Congress to promote a bill DEAR MR. BROWN: The enclosed copy of present national activities do not give con­ that would allow the mother to remain here. Energy Conservation Research: A Key to Re­ servation the priority which it should and As Palumbo spoke of his plan to get a mil­ solving the National Energy Dilemma, out­ must have. As the report points out, delay lion signatures on the petition, Assembly­ lines a major deficiency in our current policy in undertaking and funding energy conserva­ woman Lipschultz was affixing her own name and recommends remedial actions. It will be tion research will reduce the nation's :flexi­ to a check to help defray the family's helpful to you as you deliberate upon pend­ bility in dealing with future energy prob­ expenses. ing energy legislation and policy questions. lems. Without a reorientation of energy pri­ "In Hebrew, the word 'chai' stands for The document is the first annual re­ orities, the opportunity to shape a more fa­ life," she explained. "The same !)ymbols port of The National Advisory Council vorable and secure energy future may be irre­ denote the number-18." On ReStiarch In Energy Conservation. A trievably lost. Then she made out a check for double collection of major national organiz::itions Highlights of the report's key features and that--$36-to go with other acknowledge­ organized the Council in order to provide points are: ments from people whose lives and hearts leadership in identifying specific policy needs A concept of energy conservation which were touched by a boy thtiy never met. and opportunities for capturing the tremen­ stresStis energy efficienNORTH CAROLINA as joining the United States of America in quick," LaSa.la. said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He said ERDA-Energy Research and De­ celebrating the 200th anniversary of the Thursday, July 22, 1976 independence of our country and joins in the velopment Association-continues to "put re­ prayers of the free world invoking the bless­ sources into research on the sun, windmills, Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, fraud ings of the Supreme Architect of the Uni­ gee-thermal and other sources of energy but and program abuse in the multibillion­ verse to preserve and maintain the liberties it is unrealistic to expect effects from .these dollar operations of the Department of and freedoms of intellect, as well as activi­ sources during this century. ties, which are enjoyed in this great country LaSa.la referred to a recent comment by Health, Education, and Welfare have so that they may continue as an example for Shah of Iran who reportedly stated: reached crisis proportions. It is essen­ freedom-loving people everywhere and as a "We have 40 years of oil left and you have tial that remedial action be taken with­ wholesome environment for our own citi­ 400 years of coal. Why don't you let us keep out further delay. zens, enabling us and our future generations our oil and you use your coal?" Earlier this week, with other Repre­ to continue the principles of independence From LaSa.la.'s point of view, use of the sentatives as cosponsors, I introduced a we have established, which allows people of extensive coal supplies in Pennsylvania. and bill to establish an Office of Inspector all cultures to live peacefully and harmoni­ West Virginia would be the most practical General for the Department of Health, ously; and, thing to do. Besides helping to resolve the energy prob­ Education, and Welfare. The bill, H.R. Be it furthermore resolved: that this res­ 14761, is based upon information ob­ olution be spread upon the minutes of Clin­ lems of the next quarter century, it would ton Lodge No. 54 F. and A. M. and copies also provide badly needed jobs for the sag­ tained during more than 18 months of hereof be sent to the Most Worshipful Grand ging labor market, he said. study and investigation by the Intergov­ Lodge of the State of Georgia, our Senior However, he said "the capital commitment ernmental Relations and Human Re­ United States Sena.tor and our District needed from private enterprise to carry out sources Subcommittee of the Committee United States Congressman. the research and implement a program to meet anti-pollution standards and safety re­ on Government Operations, and is now quirements will not come until the govern­ being considered by the subcommittee. ment points the way." This bill is badly needed to provide While he doesn't discount the "infinite leadership and coordination for activi­ ENERGY CRISIS HAS NOT GONE technologies" such as the sun, nuclear power ties designed to promote economy and AWAY; IT IS GETTING WORSE and geo-thermal sources as ultimate sources efficiency and to prevent and detect of world energy, he said right now the sun "can serve only as a. supportive source of fraud and abuse. I believe it merits the HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR energy." support of every Member of the House, OF PENNSYLVANIA The concern over safety in the develop­ and I invite their attention to it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of nuclear power as a major energy I am including with my remarks an source is over-exaggerated, LaSala feels. announcement I made earlier this week Thursday, July 22, 1976 "The chances of danger are not sufficient concerning the introduction of the bill to warrant stopping development of nuclear Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I would like power," Lasala said. and a statement explaining provisions of to insert in the RECORD an article which He also pointed out that the difficulties the bill and the reasons for its introduc­ recently appeared in the Delaware inherent in another oil embargo "would be tion: County Daily Times, of Chester, Pa. magnified beyond anything we went through STATEMENT John LaSala, Region ID Administrator before" because of this country's increased WASHINGTON, D.C.-Representative L. H. of the FeEleral Energy Administration, dependence on foreign productivity. Fountain (D.-N.C.), Chairman of the Inter­ who is a constituent of mine, reminds us What he feels are vital to the resolution of governmental Relations and Human Re­ this country's continued energy problems is sources Subcommittee, House Committee on that there is indeed an energy crisis and Government Operations, today introduced a that it is vital that we commit ourselves "a national commitment to the resources we can work with best." bill to create an Office of Inspector General to dealing with our mounting energy for the D·epa.rtment of Health, Education, problems. I believe that this article will This would involve development of nuclear and Welfare. power and coal as the two most practical re­ The bill, which 1s being cosponsored by 27 be of interest to my colleagues: sources in this country now, LaSa.la. said. ENERGY CRISIS HAs NOT GONE AWAY; other Representatives, is based upon infor­ IT Is GE'l"l'ING WoRSE If he could affect ·action, he said he would mation obtained during more than 18 also "make energy conservation mandatory months of study and investigation by Foun­ (By Gerry Oliver) and revise building codes." tain's subcommittee. It is anticipated that If you've gotten used to letting your car He pointed to the World Trade Center in a similar blll will be introduced in the Sen­ gobble up gasoline or you don't mind hear­ New York City, one building which report­ ate by Senator Sam Nunn (D.-Ga.) and other ing the sound of a television set whether or edly uses more energy in one day than the Senators. not you 're watching, you should be ashamed. entire city of Syracuse, N.Y. Representative Fountain ma.de the follow­ The energy crisis may have run out of "This kind of thing should be · stopped," ing comment: "Fraud and program abuse in print in recent months but it ls still with he said. the multiblllion dollar operations of the us-even more so. He recognizes the difficulty of getting con­ Department of Health, Education, and Wel­ fare have reached crisis proportions. According to Joseph A. LaSala, the Nether gressional action on the matter because "It is essential to have a high-level of­ Providence man who is Region m adminis­ "Congress is made up of 435 individuals who trator for the Federal Energy Administration, represent their constituencies and the goals ficial in the Department whose sole responsl­ the "crisis" has worsened considerably in the of many of these constituencies are naturally bllity is to direct and coordinate activities designed to promote economy and emclency last 2 Y:z to 3 years. opposed to each other. and to prevent and detect fraud and program "Unfortunately, the energy crisis has been "Action won't come until people get abuse. characterized as a gasoline shortage or home roused up enough to make themselves "I do not question in any way the sincer­ heating fuel shortage. In truth, it has been heard,'' he said. from the first day-and even more so now- ity and the good intentions of the present LaSala pointed out that while people have HEW Secretary and Under Secretary. They July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23595 have taken some commendable steps to im­ Even when serious deficiencies did become fraud and abuse in the Medicaid program, plement recommendations made by the sub­ kn9wn to responsible officials, corrective which accounted for nearly $7 billion in committee. Unfortunately, in view of their action was sometimes not taken until liter­ Federal expenditures alone during fiscal heavy burden of responsibility for program ally years later. 1975.8 operations, there is no way they can devote Bills to establish a more limited Office of The Subcominittee found that, at least the undivided attention necessary to effec­ Inspector General were considered at hear­ partially because of its fragmented organiza­ tively combat fraud and abuse. And, as those ings in late May. The Fountain bill is de­ tional structure, HEW had failed to make familiar with the Department are aware, signed to provide for a stronger and more effective use of the limited resources it had.9 significant improvements in HEW's opera­ effective Office of Inspector General, while Information: Information needed by both tions have a way of not happening without responding at the same time to specific ob­ HEW and the Congress for effective action constant high-level effort and attention. jections expressed by HEW. against fraud and abuse was simply not "For example, it was disclosed more than A subcommittee meeting to consider the available. There was no central source of data a year ago that HEW had only ten investiga­ bill is scheduled for 10 a.m. Thursday, July concerning fraud and abuse nor, evidently, tors in its central investigative unit. But, 22, in Room 2247 of the Rayburn Building. had any meaningful attempt been made to even though Congress made available funds evaluate the overall fraud and abuse prob­ for additional investigators last year, our STATEMENT CONCERNING H.R. 14761 . lem.10 hearings in May disclosed that only two BACKGROUND Even when information was--or should investigators had been added. have been-readily available, it was some­ "We also found more than a year ago H.R. 14761, a bill to establish an Office of times subject to lengthy delay in being pro­ that two separate sets of investigators look­ Inspector General for the Department of vided to Congressional committees request­ ing into fraud and abuse in the Medicare and Health, Education, and Welfare, is based ing it -because of HEW's "clearance" proc­ Medicaid programs were not allowed to tell upon information obtained during more than esses. Even the Under Secretary 'Vas unable each other who they were investigating, even eighteen months of study and investigation to explain why a four page report repeatedly though the same providers might .be sus­ by the Intergovernmental Relations and Hu­ requested by the Subcommittee was not pro­ of pected of fraud under both programs. De­ man Resources Subcommittee the Com­ vided for more than 11 months.11 spite assurances of prompt corrective action, mittee on Government Operations. Moreover, on at least one occasion, ad­ HEW regulations stlll did not permit ex­ After preliminary work beginning in late mittedly inaccurate information was pro­ change of information more than a year later. 1974, the Subcommittee held hearings on vided to a Congressional committee concern­ "Effective remedial action must be taken HEW procedures and resources for prevention ing the adequacy of HEW's investigative re­ without further delay. I believe the estab­ and detection of fraud and program abuse in sources.12 lishment of an Office of Inspector General April, May and June, 1975. A comprehensive Corrective Action: Even when serious de­ will make such action possible." report on the Subcommittee's continuing in­ ficiencies did become known to responsible Under Fountain's bill, the HEW Audit vestigation was approved by the full Com­ 1 HEW officials, corrective action was some­ Agency and the Department's Office of In­ mittee in January 1976. times not taken until literally years later, if vestigations would be transferred to a new Hearings relating directly to establish­ taken at all. For example, although HEW Office of Inspector General. The Inspector ment of an HEW Office of Inspector General officials testified that much program abuses General would be responsible for directing were held during May 1976. During the hear­ come about because of badly designed leg­ and coordinating activities designed to pro­ ings, consideration was given to the overall islation, the Department was unable to find mote economy and efficiency and to prevent concept of an Office of Inspector General, as a single instance in which it had clearly and detect fraud and abuse in HEW's pro­ well as to specific provisions of pending bills. taken the initiative to call such a situation grams and operations. MAGNITUDE OF FRAUD AND ABUSE IN HEW to the attention of the appropriate Con­ The new unit would have specific respon­ PROGRAMS gressional committees.13 siblllty for keeping the Secretary and the HEW'S operations present, in the words of Organizational Structure: Units respon­ Congress fully and currently informed about one of its Assistant Secretaries, "a vast poten­ sible for combaiting fraud and abuse and for problems and deficiencies in HEW's pro­ tial for fraud and program abuse".2 promoting economy and efficiency were scat­ grams and operations, and for recommend­ HEW administers around 300 separate pro­ tered throughout HEW in a haphazard, frag­ ing and monitoring necessary corrective ac­ grams, with expenditures estimated to total mented and confusing pattern, with no sin­ tion. about 145 billion dollars during fiscal year gle unit having the overall responsibility and The Inspector General would report di­ 1977-more than one-third of the entire na­ authority necessary to provide effective lead­ rectly to the Secretary. In order to permit a tional budget.a A substantial percentage of ership. Personnel of most such units lacked high degree of objectivity and independence, this huge amount is not under the direct independence because they reported to and the Inspector General would be appointed by control of HEW, but is disbursed by non­ were hired and fired by officials directly re­ the President, with the advice and consent Federal entitles such as States, localities, sponsible for the programs involved.14 of the Senate, for a fixed term of office, could educational institutions, fiscal agents, inter­ The HEW Audit Agency and the central be removed only for cause, and oould not be mediaries, carriers and grantees.' Office of Investigations reported to different assigned responsibility for operating pro­ Although evidence presented at the Sub­ Assistant Secretaries, with no high-level de­ grams the Office is charged with monitoring. cominittee's 1975 hearings made it abundant­ partmental official having overall responsi­ Whenever the Inspector General becomes ly clear that tremendous losses are being in­ bility for coordination and leadership of aware of particularly serious or flagrant prob­ curred through fraud and abuse in HEW audit and investigative activities. The Sub­ lems, abuses, or deficiencies in Department programs, witnesses from the Department committee specifically recommended that programs, a report to the HEW Seci;.etary and were unable to provide reliable information these two units be placed under the over­ appropriate committees of Congress would on which a specific estimate of losses could all direction of a single official who would be immediately required. have such responsibiU.ty but would have no be based.5 The bill is being introduced because of Since that time, the Secretary has esti­ program responsibilities. This official would serious problems and deficiencies in HEW mated that losses totaling $750 mlllion an­ be held directly responsible for informing procedures and operations disclosed by the nually from fraud and abuse are being in­ the Secretary of serious problems disclosed Subcommittee investigation, including the curred under the Medicaid program.6 by audits and investigations and of the prog­ following: The New York State Welfare Inspector ress or lack of progress in correcting such 15 HEW's investigative resources were found General has estimated Medicaid losses in that problems. to be ridiculously inadequate. Its central in­ State alone at more than $500 million per CHANGES MADE BY HEW vestigators with a 10-year backlog of un­ 1 During testimony in May 1976, HEW wit­ investigated cases. year. Information needed by both HEW and DEFICIENCIES DISCLOSED BY SUBCOMMITTEE nesses acknowledged the existence of serious Congress for effective action against fraud INVESTIGATION fraud and abuse problems and the need for and abuse was simply not available. Serious deficiencies disclosed by the Sub­ corrective action. However, they opposed the Units responsible for combating fraud and committee ,.s investigation in the resources, enactment of H.R. 5302 and similar bills then abuse and for promoting economy and effi­ procedures and organizational structure be­ being considered, arguing that major changes ciency were scattered throughout HEW in a ing used by HEW to combat fraud and abuse already made by the Department would be haphazard, fragmented, and confusing pat­ and promote economy and efficiency include adequate and that legislation was not neces­ sary. HEW witnesses als_Q objected to a num­ tern, with no single unit having the overall the following: 18 responsibility and authority necessary to Resources: HEW's investigative resources ber of specific provisions of H.R. 5302. provide effective leadership. were found to be ridiculously inadequate. Without in any way questioning the sin­ Personnel of most such units lacked inde­ Although HEW had more than 129,000 full­ cerity and good intentions of the present pendence because they reported to and were time employees, its central investigative unit Secretary and Under Secretary, it should be hired and fired by officials directly respon­ had only ten investigators, with a ten year noted that some of the assurances of reme­ sible for the programs involved. Honest and backlog of uninvestigated cases. Only one dial action have a familiar ring. In a Febru­ thorough reports concerning serious prob­ individual was assigned to guard against ary 27, 1976 memorandum discussing the lems might often embarrass their own supe­ creation of a new Office of Investigations to riors. Footnotes at end of article. succeed the former Office of Investigations CXXII--1488-Part 19 23596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 and Security, the Under Secretary stated that pressed confidence that she had adequate promotion of economy and efficiency and the this step marked the beginning of what time to carry out both her oversight respon­ prevention and detection of fraud and abuse would be "an intensive efforrt; to ensure that sibilities and other duties. However, the rec­ in HEW programs and who would have a term every dollar- appropriated for expenditures ord clearly indicates that the Under Secre­ of office long enough to permit real progress through the Department ls expended for tary can give only limited attention to a toward those goals. the purposes for which Congress intended." task which would be very difficult for some­ FOOTNOTES In an April 11 , 1975 memorandum, in discuss­ one with no other responsib111ties. Although 1 ing the establishment two yea.rs previously the Under Secretary has eight people on her House Report 94-786, hereafter cited as of the Investigations Division of the Office immediate staff, she testified that none of "Report." 2 1975 Hearings, p. 7. of Investigations and Security, then Secre­ them assist her directly in her fraud and 3 tary Weinberger had referred to the develop­ abuse responsibilities. Moreover, the Under Report, p . 13; 1977 expenditure estimate ment of a "coordinated campaign to ensure Secretary's travel schedule indicated that she obtained from HEW. that every dollar appropriated for expendi­ was out of Washington on other matters on 1o 1975 Hearings, pp. 14-15. 5 Report, pp. 8, 15-17. ture through this Department ls expended all or parts of 73 days during the first five for the purposes for which the Congress and one-half months of 1976; while she was •Statement at March · 26, 1976 news con­ intended." 17 gone, no deputy was assigned to carry out ference, based on data supplied by the Medi­ At least two important improvements rec­ her fraud and abuse responslbtllties.2-l cal Services Administration. ommended by the Subcommittee have been Another HEW official subsequently ac­ 1 Testimony before the Subcommittee on put into effect. A formerly separate investi­ Oversight and Investigations, House Com­ knowledged that, under present organiza­ mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, gative unit in the Social Security Admin­ tional arrangements, only the Secreta.ry and February 13, 1976, pp. 85-86. istration has been combined with the cen­ the Under Secretary have responsibility for s Report, pp. 9-10, 34-35. tral Office of Investigations, and the being informed about all significant activi­ e Report, pp. 9, 36-37. requirement that ea.ch investigation initi­ ties being carried out by the Department for 10 Report, pp. 8, 15-16. ated by t hat office be cleared in advance by the purpose of promoting economy and ef­ u 1975 Hearings, pp. 2-3, 379; 1976 Hear­ the Secretary or Under Secretary has been ficiency and preventing and detecting fraud ings, pp. 24-25, 115. removed.18 and program abuse, and that neither of them 12 Report, p. 36; 1976 Hearings, p. 38. 'However, in many respects the a.mount of can possibly take the time necessary to carry "~port, pp. 10, 40; 1976 Hearings, pp. 49- measurable progress achieved since the Sub­ out this responslb1Uty.211 50, 63. committee began its investigation ls far short Another strong argument against Secre­ u Report, pp. 8-9, 27-30. of what is needed to alleviate the overwhelm­ taries or Under Secretaries acting simultane­ 15 Report, pp. 11, 21-22. ing problems facing the Depa.rtmen,t. ously as de facto Inspectors General, if one ls 1e 1976 Hearings, pp. 17-22. For example, it has been more than a. year needed, is the rapid turnover associated with 1 since the Subcommittee's investigation dis­ 11975 Hearings, p. 309; 1976 memorandum those positions. During the approximately 23 in Subcommittee files. closed that the Department had only ten years since HEW was established in 1953 there 18 investigators, with a ten year backlog of un­ Report, p. 11; 1976 Hearings, pp. 20-21. have been ten Secretaries and eleven Under 1e 1975 Hearings, p. 47; 1976 Hearings, pp. investiga.ted cases, in its central investigative Secretaries. The average tenure of Secretaries 35-36. unit. But, even though Congress made avail­ and Under Secretaries has been well under llO 1975 Hearings, pp. 113-116, 175-177; 1976 able funds for a substantial number of addi­ two and one-half years; the longest time hearings, pp. 50-51. tional investigators last year, our hearings in anyone has served as Secretary is three years 21 Report, p. 11; 1976 Hearings, pp. 20, 59, May disclosed that only two investigators and eighteen days.211 112 (Question 7). had been added.u 22 During May 1975, our investigation dis­ EFFECT OF H.R. 14761 1976 Hearings, pp. 47-48, 81-99. closed that two separate sets of investigators It is anticipated that HR 14761, if en­ 23 1976 Hearings, pp. 21, 28, 59, 60, 112 acted, would have the following effect on (Question 6), 115. looking into fraud and abuse in the ·Medicare 26 and Medicaid programs were not allowed to some of the major problem areas disclosed 1976 Hearings, pp. 21, 44-47. tell each other who they were investigating, by the Subcommittee's investigation: 25 1976 Hearings, pp. 61-63. even though the same providers might be Resources: HR 14761 would have no direct 26 Information supplied by Congressional' suspected of fraud under both programs. effect on the level of resources available to Reference Service, Library of Congress. Despite assurances of prompt corrective ac­ promote economy and efficiency and prevent tion, hearings in May 1976-more than a year and detect fraud and program abuse. How­ la.ter--disclosed that HEW regulations still ever, it would help to achieve more effective did not permit such exchange of informa.­ use of such resources through better coordi­ THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF OUR tion.20 nation. It also provides assurance that Con­ OLDER CITIZENS Although testimony by HEW witnesses sug­ gress will be informed without delay in the gested that "a clearly defined working rela­ event available resources a.re inadequate. tionship between the Office of Investigations Information: Requires that the Secretary and the Audit Agency" regarding reporting of and Congress be kept fully and currently in­ HON. BOB TRAXLER possible fraud was a recently established in­ formed about serious problems and deficien­ OF MICHIGAN novation, other evidence indicated that such cies in HEW operations. Would eliminate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a relationship had previously existed, even if lengthy delays resulting from HEW "clear­ less clearly defined. The two units have not ance" procedures by requiring that reports Thursday, July 22, 1976 been placed under the overall supervision of of the Inspector General be submitted di­ Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, as we all a single official, as recommended by the Sub­ rectly to the Secretary and the Congress realize, no group has suffered more from committee.n without such clearance. Until recently, officials of the Department Corrective Action: Provides for the In­ the effects of infiation than the more did not know how many different units spector General to make recommendations than 21 million Americans over the age within HEW were engaged in activities spe­ for corrective action and to keep the Secre­ of 65. In order to ease their plight, it is cifically related to the promotion of economy tary and Congress informed a.bout the prog­ up to the Congress to do more. I "!irmlY and efficiency. A study performed at the re­ ress of such corrective action. believe that we can do more. We must quest of the Subcommittee in dicated that Organizational Structure: Establishes a hasten to act in order to prevent further there were 63 such units, with a total of 3,642 central unit to provide leadership for and employees directly engaged in such a.ctiv­ coordinate activities relating to the promo­ deterioration of the economic status of ities.22 tion of economy and efficiency and the pre­ our older citizens who are on fixed in­ Administrative steps have been ta.ken in vention and detection of fraud and program comes. certain instances which are intended to pro­ abuse. While only the Audit Agency and the During the 94 th· Congress I have been vide greater independence for auditors and. Office of Investigations would initially be pleased to see that we have succeeded in investigators; such actions could, of course, transferred to the new Office of Inspector focusing much greater attention than be reversed without notice. Moreover, al­ General, additional units and functions could ever before on the problems and needs of though great emphasis was placed upon ~he be transferred to the Office under appropriate "total" independence of the Director of the circumstances. In order to safeguard the older persons in this country. The Com­ Office of Investigations, he apparently did objectivity and independence of the Office, mittees on Aging in both the House and not feel free to respond to Subcommittee the Inspector Genera.I would be appointed by the Senate have taken initiative in ad­ questions }Vithout submit~ing his answers for the President, by and with the advice and dressin~ the problems of income security, Departmental clearance.23 consent of the Senate, for a fixed term and health care, housing, transportation, and During her testimony; the Under Secre- ·. could be removed only for cause. No program nutrition facing our Nation's senior citi­ tary indicated that respoilsibiUty for direct­ operating responsibillties could be assigned ing and coordinating all departmeptal efforts to the Office. zens. We have made progress in many of relating to fraud and program abuse had Perhaps most important, HR 14761 would these areas, but much more needs to be been placed under her direct and personal provide for a high-level official with no pro­ done. It is estimated that one quarter of supervision; she ls, in effect, acting as an In­ gram responsibilities who would be respon­ A~ericans aged 65 or older are living at spector General. The Under Secretary ex- sible for giving undivided attention to the poverty level. If this figure is accurate, July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23597 we have a long way to go before we will STANLEY SCHNEIDER IS KIWANIS SAFEGUARD AGAINST CRIME PROGRAM have fulfilled our obligation to older per­ PRESIDENT Our Safeguard Against Crime program will sons in this country. focus upon four objectives. First, we will create greater understanding We must pledge to do all that we can among people in our communities of what to insure that older Americans can live HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK can be done-the practical possibilities, and their retirement years in good health and OF OHIO the necessity, for establishing safeguards economic security. We must not relax IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against crime. In accomplishing this, we will make full use of the media, the distribution until w~ can say without hesitation_ t?at Thursday, July 22, 1976 this country is providing for the critical of printed materials, and the organization needs of its older citizens. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, o.n of community forums to stimulate public Wednesday, June 23, Stanley E. Schnei­ cooperation and public action. There are two measures that I have Secondly, we will provide specific couns~l introduced that I am convinced would der Crestline, Ohio, businessman, and to selected groups--especially home resi­ provide a level of protection against the 18-year vet~ran of Kiwanis membersi:up dents-as to equipment and practices which ravages of an economic force that is yet was named president of that worldwide will help them to establish safeguards beyond our control: inflation. service organization, as a climax of its against crime. These will include counsel on 61st annual convention in San Diego. identification of personal property, informa­ One of these bills amends title II of Schneider, who had been servin.g as tion in home security, and the reporting of the Social Security Act to provide that president-elect of Kiwanis International, crime and the threats of crime. the automatic cost-of-living adjustments will assume his new office on October 1. Thirdly, we will provide direct services in social security benefits be made on a This is particularly meaningful to me for to those who need them in setting up safe­ guards against crime. These can incl~de semiannual basis, rather than on an an­ three reasons. I am a Kiwanian. Stan nual basis as is presently done. making available such items as engraving Schneider is from my distriot and. more tools for identifying property, demonstrat­ The second bill calls for the develop­ important, he is a friend and a great ing home security equipment, and provid­ ment and publication of a separate Con­ American. ing the leadership for the organization of sumer Price Index for senior citizens. His election came toward the end of block watches or other cooperative endeavors. This index would be used to determine Our fourth program objective will be to Kiwanis' largest convention-21,000 make every effort to bring about greater un­ cost-of-living adjustments to be made to men women, and children and its first in social security recipients over the age of derstanding of, and respect for, law en­ San 'Diego. President Schneider will sue .. forcement and the administration of justice 65. ceed Ted R. Osborn, Lexington, Ky., as our ultimate and long-range hope for In a report issued by the Senate Spe­ businessman who has held his post since bringing about a major reduction of crime cial Committee on Aging these proposals October 1, 1975. and a major alleviation of fear in today's were among the recommendations that society. As leader of Kiwanis International, My confidence that that Safeguard Against the committee strongly advocated. Also, Stan Schneider will be sPokesman for these two measures have long been en­ Crime program is a sound choice for Kiwanis nearly 285,000 members in 7,000 clubs.lo­ was strongly reinforced one month ago in dorsed by the National Council of Senior cated in 52 countries and geographical a conversation I had in Ottawa, Ontario, Citizens, as well as a number of other areas of the world. His assumption of the when it was my privilege to meet with the senior citizens organizations. presidency finds Kiwanis larger, more men who hold top responsibility for the Fed­ The reason for adoption of these widespread, and enjoying an average eral Bureau of Investigation and the Royal measures should be clear: at current Canadian Mounted Police. younger age for its members than ever Throughout the past several months, as rates of inflation, a year is far too long to before in its 61-year history. wait for a necessary increase in social we have been preparing for the launching of When he delivered his inaugural ad­ our 1976-77 program, we have enjoyed the security benefits. The adjustment dress Wednesday evening, June 23, in the excellent cooperation of both of these or­ mechanism for cost-of-living increases San Diego Sports Arena, our new presi­ ganizations. must be responsive to the actual need, dent announced Kiwanis' new major Our plans were thoroughly discussed in ' not a mechanism adopted for the sake emphasis program, which the organiza­ my meeting in Ottawa with Commissioner of convenience. If adjustments for cost Na.don of the Royal Canadian Mounted Po­ of living were made twice a year the ef­ tion will undertake during his term of of­ lice and Director Kelley of the Federal Bu­ fects of infiation would be far less fice. He said in his introductory remarks: reau of Investigation. Both of these leaders Free nien can no longer tolerate the soar­ in the fight against crime spoke of the damaging to those citizens living on fixed ing rate of crime which characterizes our so­ problems, not only in the United States and incomes. · ciety. We can no longer yield ground to those Canada, but throughout the civilized world. The idea of a separate Consumer Price who have no respect for life or property. We They pointed out the dire need for citizen Index for senior citizens is one that has can no longer stand by and allow fear of participation in defending our homes against been debated for many years. The prin­ crime to play a daily role in our lives. Slow­ potential criminals and the strong role Ki­ cipal argument that I find in favor of ly, but surely, fear of crime is narrowing wa.nia.ns could play in this effort. Their con­ this proposal is that our older Americans and shrinking your world of movemel}t and siderable interest in our new program is as they advance in years tend to spend a mine. When personal security can no longer briefly illustrated in this closing portion of be a reality, our cherished guarantees of the our filmed discussion. larger, disproportionate perce~tage of their incomes on goods and services that sanctity of the home and of freedom of move­ . President Schneider then went on to are particularly subject to infiation, such ment within our communities a.re ma.de announce the Kiwanis International meaningless by the grimmer reality of a rap­ theme for 1976-77 which will be "Lead as health care and utilities. Our cost-of­ idly accelerating crime rate. living adjustments must adequately com­ the Way" and the five "objectives" for What can Kiwanis do? Professional law en­ the year which will implement that pensate older persons for these indica­ forcement agencies tell us with one voice tive expenditures. It is conceptually that responsible citizen involvement is the theme: preferable that a Consumer Price Index key factor in reducing crime. They tell us, Lead the Way by Living our Faith Daily for use in adjusting social security in­ too, that crime will continue to erode our Lead the Way by Building better Commu­ come levels for older Americans be cal­ nities in a Better World communities and our way of life until re­ Lead the Way by Uniting with Youth Or­ culated from an accurate survey of ex­ sponsible citizens become so outraged that ganizations to Motivate Responsible Citizen­ penditures made in those areas where they resolve to become involved in lawful ship they make them. carefully structured programs to oppose Lead the Way by Emphasizing Family Unity Mr. Speaker, I am convinced that crime. If Kiwanis is to merit its reputation to Strengthen Respect for Life and Property, as being the number one service organization and these measures could be of inestimable in the world, we cannot avoid entering into Lead the Way by Sha.ring Opportunities value to older citizens and a positive step the arena-and entering immediately. We for Service with Others. toward achieving the goal of an eco­ must, among all organizations, lead the way He closed by saying nomically secure senior citizenry. I hope in showing the public what can be done, and that every Member of Congress will join what must be done. All Can Go ... From Here to There, If Some Would Lead the Way- me in this effort to see to it ·that the Thus, I announce to you that the 1976-77 From Despair to Fulfillment, needs of our Nation's older persons are Major Emphasis of Kiwanis International From Destruction to Creation, met, and met as soon as possible. will be the From Apa.thy to Action, 235,98 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 From Fear to Peace of Mind. sirable for family farmers to be forced The full text of the bill follows : Many wish to go ... From Here to There, to fill out incredibly detailed forms which And we Shall Lead the Wa.y. H.R. 14830 many times ask questions for which A bill to provide for a 50-percent reduction Stan, himself, is well qualified to lead farmers just do not have answers. of the burden on respondents in the cen­ Kiwanis and to insure the success both The most recent census of agriculture suses of agriculture, drainage, and irriga­ of the new major emphasis program and has met with great resist~.nce through­ tion ta.ken in 1979 a.nd thereafter, a.nd for the theme and objectives for the coming out rural America because of the unrea­ other purposes year. sonable burden it has placed on farmers. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of An automotive retail and investment It appears as if much too little thought Representatives of the United Sttltes of executive, Schneider had served as and effort has gone into considering the America in Congress assembled, Kiwanis International presiden.t-elect for average farmer's time and frustration in SHORT TITLE 1 year after his election in June 1975, at filling out these forms. SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the the 60th Kiwanis International conven­ The result has been an agricultural "Agricultural Census Amendments Act of tion in Atlanta, Ga. census which is a marketer's. dream, but 1976". Stan has also served 1 year as treas­ a farmer's nightmare: I believe that now STATEMENT OF FINDINGS is the time to deal with this issue before SEc. 2. The Congress hereby finds-- urer, 1 year as vice president, and two ( 1) that the census of agriculture, drain­ 2-year terms as a trustee of Kiwanis In­ plans are made for the next census of agriculture which will be taken in 1979. age, a.nd irrigation has increased in com­ ternational. He has been president of the plexity and deta.11 to the extent that the Kiwanis Club of Crestline, Ohio, lieu­ The bill which I am introducing comes reporting burden now imposed on farmers tenant governor and governor of the Ohio after extensive hearings on this issue is unreasonable a.nd possibly counterpro­ Kiwanis District, member and chairman which the House Subcommittee on ductive. of several district committees, and chair­ Census and Population, which I chair, (2) that the respondent burden of such man of the Kiwanis International Com­ and the Subcommittee on Family Farms census ca.n be substantially reduced by the mittees on Inter-club Relations and Fel­ and Rural Development, which is chaired increased use of sampling a.nd survey tech­ by Congressman RosE, have held during niques without a.ny loss of necessary data.; lowship, and Membership Development. (3) that in order to develop a compre­ He has also been a member of the Inter­ this Congress. hensive policy for the rural areas of the national Committee on Boys and Girls My bill would require the Bureau of United States, and to recognize the con­ Work. He is a member of the Kiwanis the Census to reduce, by at least one­ tinued existence of small farming enterprises International Foundation's Board of half, the paperwork burden imposed on a.nd their contributions to our Nation, it is Trustees. farms with annual sales of $50,000 and necessary to continue to collect and publish Currently, President Schneider is serv­ less. It is anticipated that this class would information on such farming enterprises; include over 80 percent of the farmers a.nd ing as a member of the executive com­ (4) that significant changes in the owner­ mittee of Kiwanis International, as in the United States when the agricul­ ship structure of farms in the United States chairman of the Board Committee on tural census is next conducted. For those have developed in recent yea.rs which need Key Clubs, and as a member of its Com­ farms with sales of more than $50,000, to be- better u~derstood and documented. mittee on Convention. the bill would require the reduction of REDUCTION OF RESPONDENT'S BURDEN BY 1978 A Kiwanian for 18 years, the new presi­ respondent burden to the maximum ex­ AGRICULTURAL CENSUS dent has served two terms as a member tent feasible which, for these farms, SEC. 3. The Secretary of Oommerce shall­ of the City Council of Crestline, has been would also result in much less paperwork. ( 1) determine the reporting burden on a member of the County Elections Board, The effect of such a provision will un­ establishments which, on an annual basis, and a member of the Volunteer Fire De­ doubtedly force the Bureau of the Census have average sales of agricultural products partment. He was one of the principal to make much greater use of sampling of $50,000 or less, and such burden on all techniques in 1979-something it should other establishments, in the 1974 census organizers of the United Fund in Crest­ have been doing all along. ta.ken under section 142 of title 13, United line and was chairman of a local school States Code, bond issue campaign. My bill would also do two other things. ( 2) take steps which he considers to be He is a member of the National Auto­ First, it would require the Bureau of the consistent with the purposes of such section mobile Dealers Association, the National Census to continue to collect certain a.nd which will assure that in the census Guard omcers Association, the Aircraft limited information on very small farms, ta.ken in 1979 under such section- and to continue to consider them as ( A) in the case of establishments which, Owners and Pilots Association, the Vet­ on a.n annual basis, have average sales of erans of Foreign Wars, the Marine Corps farms. Last year, the Bureau of the Census and the Department of Agricul­ agricultural products of $50,000 or less, the League, and the Association of the U.S. reporting burden will be equal to or less Army. ture wanted to increase by 400 percent than one-half of the reporting burden deter­ the minimum sales required for an estab­ mined by him under paragraph (1) with re­ Stan Schneider has also been active li&hment to be considered as a "farm." with local and area council affairs of the spect to such establishments, a.nd This would have resulted in hundreds of (B) in the, case of other establishments, Boy Scouts. He is a past trustee and thousands of farms being technically re­ the reporting burden will be reduced to the chairman of the commission on steward­ defined out of existence. maximum extent feasible, a.nd ship and finance for the First United (3) not later than June 30, 1977, prepare Methodist Church. Because of an adverse congressional a.nd transmit to the Congress a report response to this redefinition, the action which- He and his wife, Millie, a fifth grade was later rescinded. But I think that the social studies teacher, have three ( A) sets forth his determinations under Congress ought to preclude any future para.graph (1) of the respondent burden in daughters. attempts to redefine large number of the 1974 census, a.nd farms out of existence. Therefore, my bill (B) states what steps have been or will provides that any future changes in def­ be ta.ken under para.graph (2) to reduce the REFORM OF CENSUS OF initions which would increase the respondent burden in the census ta.ken in AGRICULTURE 1979 under such section a.nd his evaluation sales to qualify as a "farm" cannot ex­ of such steps. ceed inftation~ry trends. CLASSIFICATION OF FARMS USED FOR 1974 HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER Third, my bill recognizes the fact that AGRICULTURAL CENSUS OF COLORADO there have been great changes in the SEc. 4. (a.) The statistical classification of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ownership structure of farms in recent farms in effect on June 30, 1976, with respect Thursday, July 22, 1976 years which are not fully understood or to the 1974 census ta.ken under section 142 documented. Therefore, the bill calls up­ of title 13, United States Code, shall be effec­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I am on the Bureau of the Census to improve tive, for purposes of that census, on and after today introducing legislation which will upon its collection of data on the farm the effective date of this Act. dramatically reduce the paperwork bur­ ownership structure of the United States. (b) The Act of March 15, 1976 (Public den imposed on farmers by the census Mr. Speaker, I hope that the Congress Law 94-229) is amended by striking out sec­ of agriculture. tion 2 thereof. will soon have the opportunity to vote CLASSIFICATION OF FARMS TO BE USED IN FUTURE While it is important that reliable on this important legislation which will AGRICULTURAL CENSUSES agricultural information be collected and help to get the Government off the farm­ SEC. 5. The sta.tlstica.1 classification of farms published, it is neither necessary nor de- er's back. e1l'ective with respect to censuses taken in July 22, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23599 1979 and thereafter under section 142 of title No, it wasn't my good fortune to be alive on that occasion," ... I now leave with a task 13, United States Code, shall be prescribed in 1776. My Grandfather, though, whom I before me greater than that which rested up­ in such a manner as not to exclude any was named after, saw the light of 1776. He on Washington. Without the assistance of establishment which, for the calendar year was a Captain in yhe Virginia Militia. George that Divine Being who ever attended him, I to which the data collected relates, has sold Washington, the Father of Our Country, was cannot succeed. With that assistance, I can­ or would normally sell more than a minimum his President. My Grandfather's friend was not fail ..." e value of agricultural products. For purposes Daniel Boone, and Boone told him of a land I found that I would need that Divine As­ of the preceding sentence, the term "mini­ of "blue grass, game and fish, tall timber and sistance in the years that lay ahead more mum value" means, with respect to any clear running waters." 2 My Granddad moved than I could ever imagine. I had two great census, $250 adjusted by a percentage equal to a place by the Green River in Kentucky. challenges in my Presidency: the freeing of to the percentage change in the index of My own father, then six years old, saw my the slaves, and the Civil War. I did not want prices received by farmers (maintained by Grandfather killed by Indians. Dad was a war but that was what it finally ·came to in the Department of Agriculture) from Jan­ good man-hard-working, law-abiding, hon­ uary 1, 1969, through January 1 of the year est. He didn't get any book learning but he order to gain the blacks freedom. I spoke of to which the data collected in such census could sign his name. the Slavery Issue in these words: "I know relates. My parents were Christians-first of the there is. a God, and that He hates injustice OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF UNITED STATES Free y.rm Baptists, and then later, Presby­ and slavery. I see the storm coining, and I FARMS terians, when we moved to Indiana. Our know that His hand is in it. If he has a place home was a place of prayer, the Bible read and work for me-and I think He has-I SEC. 6. The Department of Commerce, in believe I am ready . . . I am nothing, but cooperation with the Department of Agri­ every morning and evening, and Father al­ ways gave Thanks at the table. truth is everything. I know I am right, be­ culture, shall develop methods of improving cause I know that liberty is right, for Christ the collection, analysis, and publication of My mother was a fine Christian woman and this had the greatest effect upon my taught it and Christ is God ... Douglas data relating to the ownership structure of doesn't care whether slavery is voted up or farms within the United States, and the life. As I have said at other times: "I remem­ ber her prayers, and they have always down but God cares and humanity cares, and Department of Commerce shall collect, I care: and with God's help, I shall not fail. analyze, and publish such da.ta. followed me. They have clung to me all my life." a I may not see the end, but it will come, and Well, I was born shortly before the turn I shall be vindicated and these men will of the 19th century. My mother died when find that they have not read their Bibles A VOICE FROM AMERICA'S PAST I was nine years of age. She called my sister, aright ..." 1 Sarah, and me to her bedside, placed her The War was terrible and my pain and feeble hand on IPY head, and told us she anguish during those years when brother HON. VIRGINIA SMITH hoped we would worship God. fought brother cannot• be measured. Peace, not War, was my dream and goal, and so the OF NEBRA~KA I share all of this about my early training to show you what an influence a Christian Lord Himself seeemd to inspire from me IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fainily, the Bible and prayer had on me early those words in the Second Inaugural Ad­ Thursday, July 22, 1976 in life, and so, eventually, on my country. dress: I'm sure that Bible verse is still right when "With malice toward none; with Charity Mrs. SMITH of Nebraska. Mr. Speak­ it says: "Train up a child in the way he for all, with firmness in the right as God er, during the Fourth of July observance, should go and when he is old, he will not gives us to see the right, let us strive on to it was my privilege to attend Sunday depart from it ..." (Prov. 22: 6). finish the work we are in; to bind up the worship at Lexington, Nebr.'s Chapel of I did manage to get a little formal educa­ nation's wounds; to care for him who shall the ·Lake. The sermon o:ff ered by the tion in a log cabin school but most of my have borne the battle, and for his widow and learning I got on my own. The Bible was one his orphan, to do all which may achieve and Reverend Harvey L. Moore on that occa­ cherish a just and a lasting peace . . . among sion was one of the most inspired and of the main books I read. By the time I was 21, I had lived in Ken­ ourselves, and with all nations ..." s moving I have ever heard. tucky, Indiana, and then Illinois. That The Bible became my constant companion In keeping with our observance of the rugged frontier life with all the hard work as President. I told Mr. Speed,. my close Nation's Bicentennial, I insert the Rever­ that followed made me into a strong man. friend who was somewhat of a sceptic, "I am end Moore's message at this Point in the When I was about 22, I hit out on my profitably engaged in the reading of the RECORD: own. I hired out on a boat going down the Bible. Speed, you are wrong. Take all of this book upon reason that you can, and the bal­ A VOICE FROM AMERICA'S PAST Mississippi. For a time, I worked in a store as a clerk, was a Captain in the Army, and ance on faith, and you will live and die a A Sermon Given by the Reverend Harvey L. a land surveyor. I spent a good number of happier man." 9 Moore, Minister, First Presbyterian Church, years studying law and then practicing law Prayer to God was one of my greatest re­ Lexington, Nebraska, at the Chapel of the for many more years. I finally got into sources. I said once, "I have been driven Lake, Johnson's Lake, Nebraska, on Our Bi­ politics. many times upon my knees by the over­ centennial Anniversary of the United States Some, in writing later of my life, spoke of whelming conviction that I had nowhere else of America, July 4, 1976. to go." I am a voice from America's past. I am my "deterinination and courage to drive on in the face of adversity."• I surely would The Church also meant a great deal to me. indeed glad for the opportunity, on this 200th Though I never joined any church, while in anniversary of our beloved country, to visit have to . admit that my life was no bed of roses. Seemingly, I had more than my share Springfield I did engage to rent a pew and with you this morning. You will soon recog­ worshipped regularly at the First Presby­ nize who I am as I continue to talk. My name of failure but there were the successes as well. terian Church. While President, my wife has been a household word in America for and I attended the New York Avenue Presby­ well over a hundred years. I said once that "I have felt His hands up­ on me in great trials and submitted to His terian Church. I used to attend the Wednes­ Now, I am quite aware of all that's hap­ day evening prayer meeting in that church pened in the country since I lived and died guidance." He took me through; the codr­ age came from His presence with me and His as well, and received great help. here long ago. This country ha.s been through My personal · acknowledgement of Christ rough times in recent years-there's no deny­ strengthen. How can you otherwise explain the record someone wrote of my years: as personal Saviour came finally when my ing that-at times, things still seem very son, Willie, died. His death was my greatest uncertain. You have your share of critics and Lost job, 1832. Defeated for Legislature, 1832. Failed in business, 1833. Elected to Leg­ sorrow. "That blow overwhelmed me. It cynics and some have all but lost faith in the showed me my weakness 115 I had never felt American dream. islature, 1834. Sweetheart dies, 1835. Had nervous breakdown, 1836. Defeated for it before. When I left Springfield, I asked Well, it really wasn't much different when the people to pray for me. I was not a Chris­ I lived. We, too, had our trials and our spoil­ Speaker, 1838. Defeated for noinination for Congress, 1843. Elected to Congress, 1846. Lost tian. When I buried my son, the severest ers. It seemed at times to many that we re-nomination, 184ij. Rejected for Land Offi­ trial of my life, I was not a Christian. But wouldn't make it, but we did. Out of that When I went to Gettysburg and saw the great earlier victory in American history, I cer, 1849. Defeated for Senate, 1854. Defeated for nomination for Vice-president, 1856. graves of thousands of our soldiers, I then bring you hope today. I bring you faith and and there consecrated myself to Christ. Yes, assurance for the future of the country. Again defeated for Senate, 1858. Elected Pres­ ident of the United States. 1860.s I do love Jesus ..." io , Let me share with you some things from A gentleman once asked me, in the midst my life that maybe you haven't heard about Someone wrote of that High Office of Pres­ me-yet. There has been much written of ident that one might enter that job as a of the crisis of the Civil War, "Will our coun­ my life but not nearly enough about my per­ doubter of God but one would leave a be­ try come through safe and live?" The words sonal faith in God. That was the foundation liever. Though my belief in God was strong, I gave to him·then can well apply to you now, of my life as it has also been the foundation when I became President, I had not really on this 200th anniversary of America. of America. One of your recent Presidents cominitted myself to Christ. That was still I said then: "I do not doubt-I have never said, "You can't explain free government in to happen while I was President. doubted-that our country would finally any other terms than religious." 1 My farewell address to the good folks of come through safe and undivided. I do not Springfield as I left for Washington and the rely on patriotism of our people (alone) .... F~tnotes at end of article. Presidency, spoke of my faith in God. I said I do not trust in the bravery and devotion ot 23600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 22, 1976 the boys in blue (by themselves). Nor yet do ther Alan Steichen, headmaster of Saint mission! We have shown the world that I rely on the loyalty and skill of our generals. John's Preparatory School, delivered the brotherhood can survive. And you at Melk But the God of our Fathers who raised up following speech on May 27, 1976 at the should be Justly proud of your participation. this country to be the refuge and asylum of You have shown us warmth and love. You the oppressed and downtrodden of all na­ Fest Akadamdie at Melk. The Deputy have made our students, faculty· and pa.rents tions, will not let it perish now ... God will Chief of Mission at the American Em­ feel that Melk is their home. You have sent bring us through safe." 11 bassy in Vienna and the American Con­ to us your own sons and daughters to learn At Gettysburg, when I had my deep and sul from Salzberg were there to represent a.bout our Ainerican culture. You have al­ most profound experience with Christ, I ut­ the United States. lowed some of your finest faculty members tered these words: The text follows: to Join us in America to deepen our under­ standing. And therefore we say, "Thank "Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers SPEECH BY FATHER ALAN J. STEICHEN brought forth upon this continent a new na­ You." tion, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to Father Abbot Burkhardt, Father Petrus, the proposition that all men a.re created Dr. Wegscheider, monks of Melk Abbey, par­ ents, students and friends: equal. I am pleased to have this opportunity to THE NUCLEAR FUEL ASSURANCE Now we a.re engaged in a. great civil war, speak to you today about a program which ACT testing whether that nation, or any nation has great significance for all mankind in the so conceived and so dedicated, can long en­ twentieth centry. I speak to you about the dure. We a.re met on a. great battlefield of foreign exchange program which has been in HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM that war. We have come to dedicate a por­ continuous operation for the past ten years OF NEW YORK tion of that field as a final resting place for between your own Melk Abbey and Saint IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those who here gave their lives that that na­ John's Preparat ory Sch ool in the United tion might live. It ls altogether fitting and States. While this program is small when Thursday, July 22, 1976 proper that we should do this. measured in mere numbers of participants, it Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, next But in a. larger sense, we cannot dedicate, is immensely significant nonetheless. It is we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, significant in a. truly Benedictine sense--the week the House is scheduled to act on living and dead, who struggled here, have sense of providing a model for mankind to H.R. 8401, entitled the Nuclear Fuel consecrated it far above our poor power to ponder upon. We who are sons of Sa.int Bene­ Assurance Act. The original purpose of add or detract. The world will little note, nor dict know that our influence ls not meas­ this bill was to guarantee that the United long remember, what we say here, but it can ured in numbers, for if that were the only States have an adequate supply of en­ never forget what they did here. It ls for us, criteria we would be miniscule. Yet Benedic­ riched ur8J}ium for which we must now the living, rather ta be dedicated here to the tine monasticism has never been miniscule. plan if we are to have plants on-line unfinished work which they who fought here Quite the contrary, Benedictine monasticism thus far so nobly advanced. It ls rather for producing enriched uranium. can claim responsibility for the very contin­ I wholeheartedly support this goal. I us to be here dedicated to the great task re­ uation of Western culture as we know it. maining before us, that from these honored Your own monastery here at Melk has had a believe it is imperative that we retain all dead we take increased devotion to that very direct participation in the preservation our energy options: to do so in the nu­ ca.use for which they gave the last full meas­ of culture through your religious dedication clear field means to maintain an ade­ ure of devotion, that we here might resolve and scholarly pursuits. quate supply of reactor fuel to guard that these dead shall not have died in vain, How is this possible? How ls it possible for against any contingency. It is this con­ that this nation, under God, shall have a new small monasteries to have been responsible viction-that we should guarantee a birth of freedom and that government of the for such an immense task? Certainly the an­ supply of enriched uranium in case we people, by the people, and for the people, swer must lie in the examples of vitrue and shall not perish from the earth. . . ." 12 scholarship which monasteries have provided should make the considered judgment I, Abraham Lincoln, a President of the mankind. When a young man enters a mon­ that nuclear fission is an economically United States, pray with you on this Bicen­ astery he enrolls in a "school of the Lord's viable, environmentally-sound source of tennial Sunday. service." And in turn, he teaches the wisdom energy-which has led me to support sec­ " God Bless America.!" lie has learned to others, wishing them to tion 4 of the pending legislation. This sec­ FOOTNOTES take this message to the whole world. Thus, tion provides for the construction of a 1 Eisenhower, Dwight D.: A speech. emanating from his own small community, new government-owned uranium enrich­ 2 Sandburg, Carl: Abraham Lincoln, The the world at large is profoundly affected. ment plant alongside the existing facility Prairie Years, P. 21. Why then is our small exchange program at Portsmouth, Ohio. aJohnson, William J. : Abraham Lincoln, so important? Not because it has affected a The Christian, P. 22. great number of people directly, but because However. there are contained in sec­ ' Gard, Grant: Don't Talk About It, Do It, it has provided a model of brotherhood for tions 2 and 3 provisions for "privatiza­ P. 4 . all the world to see. Just two weeks ago we tion'' of the enrichment industry and 5 Ibid., P. 4. completed an evaluation of our school by creation of a new, Government-guar­ s "The Lincoln Home," (Pictorial History scholars from universities, private and public anteed export market for enriched ura­ and Guide Book) . · schools and representatives of the clergy. And nium. While I believe there are many 7 Johnson, op. cit., P. 65-66. in the course of their evaluation they inter­ compelling reasons for opposing an un­ Sibid., P.174. viewed a number of our students-who have 9 participated in the foreign exchange pro­ wise proposal, today I would like to call Ibid., P. 148. my colleagues' attention to just one single 10 Ibid., P. 172. gram. Their conclusion was tha.t this experi­ u Ibid., P. 110. ence was perhaps the most important experi­ aspect which I believe illustrates the ill­ 12 Frank and Wayna.l: World's Famous Ora­ ence these young students had had in the conceived nature of the administration's tions, "Gettysburg Speech," P. 254. formation of their understanding of brother­ proposal. hood and peace. Now many of these students have already ta.ken their place in society­ Sections 2 and 3 would provide hidden in government, in religion, and in the various subsidies and out-front market guaran­ professions. These students will carry out tees of up to $8 billion for private in­ FOREIGN EXCHANGE PROGRAM the message of peace and brotherhood which vestors seeking to expand the uranium they learned here at Melk. In a way far more enrichment market. ERDA is already profound than the negotiations of statesmen, accumulating a stockpile aimed at "back­ HON. RICHARD NOLAN these participants can speak to the world of OF MINNESOTA stopping" the contracts of such ven­ international understanding. tures; ERDA has apparently manipu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And this understanding is so very impor­ tant today. We are living in an era in which lated the uranium market prices upward Thursday, July 22, 1976 we must learn that a.11 of us are brothers. and still higher prices are expected Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, during these As the economist Kenneth Burke character­ should H.R. 8401 pass unamended. This times of coldness and hostility in the in­ ized our times in a speech at St. John's, we is but one reason that the American Pub­ tematiolial affairs, it is comforting to a.re all 1l ving in a spaceship-and the name lic Power Association opposes this bill. of the spaceship is the "Planet Earth." Our If hear of successful foreign exchange pro­ own survival as a planet is dependent upon such manipulation of the enrich­ grams between universities of different learning brotherhood. ment market continues in conjunction countries. One such example is the for­ These a.re the reasons that I am pleased with the privatizaJtion scheme embodied eign exchange program between Saint to be here on the occasion of the Tenth in the administration's bill, there is con­ John's Preparatory School at College­ Anniversary of our program. It has not always siderable speculation that. as a recent vil~e . Minn., and the Stift Melk at Melk, been an easy program. There have been prob­ article in Science magazine put it, it may Austria. In celebration of the foreign ex­ lems in the past and there will continue to have "a glut" of enriching capacity by change program's 10th anniversary, Fa- be problems. But we have succeeded in our 1985. The argument here is that it is July 23, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 23601 .llot just improvident, but also unecessary of operating plants is sixty.) The principal by Congress at a later date. But the passage for Congress to commit the Federal object of the bill is to authorize ERDA with of the Nuclear Fuel Assurance Act would, 1n the Uranium Enrichment Associates to nego­ fact, give the green light to UEA and ERDA Treasury to underwriting the creation of tiate a fifth (private) gaseous diffusion to go ahead with the drafting of a contract. new markets for nuclear fuel. It is pre­ plant. Under the terms of the Act, this contract cisely this argument which has caused The bullding of the fifth gaseous diffusion would be clearly disadvantageous to the Gov­ the pronuclear Oil, Chemical and Atomic plant by UEA would provide excess capacity. ernment and the public. It ls my strong con­ Workers Union to lobby vigorously In the first draft of the UEA-ERDA contract, viction that the time to stop this contract is against sections 2 and 3, in support of any surplus capacity would be met by cur­ NOW. an amendment I shall offer to strike tailing operations at the lower-cost govern­ Sincerely yours, these sections-the "privatization" ment plants. Other private centrifuge en­ A. F. GROSPIRON, richment plants would be covered by the bill President. scheme-from the legislation. but the technology is not yet proved on a The fact is, as a letter from the presi­ commercial scale so that these projects are AMERICAN PUBLIC POWE& ASSOCIATION, dent of the OCAW union accurately much further down the road. Washington, D.C., June 24, 1976. states: The comparative costs of the UEA venture Hon. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, The present three Government diffusion with the Government add-on plant at Ports­ U .S. House of Representatives, plants plus the additional add-on plant at mouth are clearly brought out by the $3.5 Washington, D .C. Portsmouth, Ohio, will provid~ more than billion estimate for the UEA plant as against DEAR CONGRESSMAN BINGHAM: The Amer­ sufficient enriched uranium . .. the build­ $2.5 blllion for the Portsmouth add-on. The ican Public Power Association, representing ing of a fifth gaseous diffusion-enrich­ difference in interest rates is enormous. UEA more than 1,400 local publicly-owned electric ment--plant by-private and foreign ln­ has stated that . they expect the return to utilities throughout the count ry, urges you vestor&-would provide excess capacity. investors on the $3.5 billion to run 15% to support section 4 and to oppose sections after taxes. This compares with normal U.S. 2 and 3 of H.R. 8401, the Nuclear Fuel Assur­ I commend this letter to my colleagues' Government bond interest on $2.5 billion for ance Act. Sec. 4 of H .R . 8401, would authorize attention, as well as the letter from the Portsmouth. The high return to UEA in­ $255 million for Federal construction and American Public Power Association: vestors is expected in spite of the fact that operat ion of an expansion of an existing the money of U.S. investors would be fully ENCLOSURE No. 1 Government-owned uranium enrichment fa­ guaranteed by the Government under the cility. We believe such a program would sup­ On., CHEMICAL AND ATOMIC Nuclear Fuel Assurance Act. WORKERS, INTERNATIONAL UNION, ply fuel for nuclear power plants at the low­ As uranium enrichment ls highly capital­ est cost to the consumer, prevent monopoli­ Denver, Colo., June 21, 1976. intensive, the cost per kilogram of UEA en­ zation, and protect national int erests. To: All Members of the U .s. House of Repre­ riched uranium would be much higher than sentatives. At the association's annual conference last that from the Government· plants. The prices week, APPA members adopted a resolution DEAR HOUSE MEMBER: On behalf of the ap­ for Government uranium would have to be opposing "Federally-subsidized privately­ proximately eight thousand workers in the raised in order to make UEA uranium com­ gaseous diffusion plants represented by my owned commercial gaseous diffusion plants." mercially competitive. As the cost of uranium Accordingly we urge you .to oppose sections Union, I am writing to urge you to take a enrichment ls a substantial fraction of the strong position against the Nuclear Fuel 2 and 3 of H .R. 8401 which would provide costs of nuclear power, increasing the price $8 ni Assurance Act, H.R. 8401. billion Government guarantees to pri­ of fuel grade uranium would be another set­ vate plants. Under the plan proposed in We oppose the sections of this bill which back to the program of nuclear power expan­ sections 2 and 3, the public would bear the would turn over uranium enrichment to sion in this country. risks while private industry would reap the private corporations under terms which My Union notes with dismay that 60% of benefits. It has been estimated that the pri­ would be very beneficial to these corporations the ownership of the UEA consortium will be vate enrichment plan t would result in an but detrimental to U.S. taxpayers, to elec­ foreign. UEA states that this wlll not lead to increase in the cost of nuclear fuel by ap­ tricity consumers and to the future of the further disclosures of U.S. secret enrichment proximately $700 mlllion a year-a cost that existing Government-owned gaseous dif­ ' know-how to foreign interests. The record of consumers would have to pay. The General fusions plants. the handling of classified knowledge over the Accounting Office has termed this concept The present three Government diffusion past several years hardly reassures us. Once "excessively generous" and has said, "Its plants plus the Government additional add­ in the hands of foreign powers, control of the fundamental short-coming is that it shifts on plant at Portsmouth, Ohio, will provide classified knowledge ls lost and it may readily most of the risks during construction and more than sufficient enriched uranium to diffuse to third parties, including non-signers proving the plant can operate to the Gov­ fuel the 185 thousand megawatt nuclear of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. ernment." power plants which are projected by ERDA The bill states that any contract between Sincerely, to be operating by 1985. (The present number UEA and ERDA will require specific approval ALEX RADIN.

SENATE-Friday, July 23, 1976 The Senate met at. 9 a.m. and was APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs­ called to order by Hon. JOHN C. CULVER, a DENT PRO TEMPORE day, July 22, 1976, be dispensed with. Senator from the State of Iowa. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ will please read a communication to the pore. Without objection, it iG so ordered. PRAYER Senate from the President pro tempore The Chaplain, the Reverer.d Edward (Mr. EASTLAND). The assistant legislative clerk read the EXECUTIVE SESSION L. R. Elston, D.D., offered the fallowing following letter: Mr. MANSFIELD. I ask unanimous prayer: U.S. SENATE, consent that the Senate go into execu­ Our Father God, reverently we pause PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Washington, D .C., July 23, 1976. tive session to consider the nominations in Thy presence to welcome the new day To the Senate: and to place our lives upon the altar of of Mr. Poole and Mr. Chase. Being temporarily absent from the Senate The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ public service. By Thy grace may we on official duties, I appoint Hon. JOHN C. CUL­ strive to lift every moment of this day VER, a Senator from the State of Iowa, to per­ pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. into the higher order of Thy kingdom. form the duties of the Chair during my ab- Grant us wisdom higher than our own sence. JAMES 0 . EASTLAND, THE JUDICIARY and to the gift of wisdom add some wit Presi dent pro tempore. lest we become morose and our ways The second assistant legislative clerk Mr. CULVER thereupon took the chair monotonous. Endow us with creativ~ in­ read the nomination of Cecil F. Poole, sight, disciplined thought, precise expres­ as Acting President pro tempore. of California, to be a U.S. district jndge sion, and sound judgment. At the end as- for the Northern District of California. sure us of Thy goodness and mercy which THE JOURNAL The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ never ceases. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask pore. Without objection, the nomination Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. unanimous consent that the reading of is confirmed.