Scottish Newsletter No 30
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RI Equisetopsida and Lycopodiopsida.Indd
IIntroductionntroduction byby FFrancisrancis UnderwoodUnderwood Rhode Island Equisetopsida, Lycopodiopsida and Isoetopsida Special Th anks to the following for giving permission for the use their images. Robbin Moran New York Botanical Garden George Yatskievych and Ann Larson Missouri Botanical Garden Jan De Laet, plantsystematics.org Th is pdf is a companion publication to Rhode Island Equisetopsida, Lycopodiopsida & Isoetopsida at among-ri-wildfl owers.org Th e Elfi n Press 2016 Introduction Formerly known as fern allies, Horsetails, Club-mosses, Fir-mosses, Spike-mosses and Quillworts are plants that have an alternate generation life-cycle similar to ferns, having both sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Equisetopsida Horsetails date from the Devonian period (416 to 359 million years ago) in earth’s history where they were trees up to 110 feet in height and helped to form the coal deposits of the Carboniferous period. Only one genus has survived to modern times (Equisetum). Horsetails Horsetails (Equisetum) have jointed stems with whorls of thin narrow leaves. In the sporophyte stage, they have a sterile and fertile form. Th ey produce only one type of spore. While the gametophytes produced from the spores appear to be plentiful, the successful reproduction of the sporophyte form is low with most Horsetails reproducing vegetatively. Lycopodiopsida Lycopodiopsida includes the clubmosses (Dendrolycopodium, Diphasiastrum, Lycopodiella, Lycopodium , Spinulum) and Fir-mosses (Huperzia) Clubmosses Clubmosses are evergreen plants that produce only microspores that develop into a gametophyte capable of producing both sperm and egg cells. Club-mosses can produce the spores either in leaf axils or at the top of their stems. Th e spore capsules form in a cone-like structures (strobili) at the top of the plants. -
75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, Nom. Cons. 羊耳蒜属 Yang Er Suan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J
Flora of China 25: 211–228. 2009. 75. LIPARIS Richard, De Orchid. Eur. 21, 30, 38. 1817, nom. cons. 羊耳蒜属 yang er suan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Paul Ormerod, Jeffrey J. Wood Alipsa Hoffmannsegg; Anistylis Rafinesque; Diteilis Rafinesque; Dituilis Rafinesque; Empusa Lindley; Empusaria Reichen- bach; Iebine Rafinesque; Leptorkis Thouars; Malaxis sect. Platystylis Blume; Mesoptera Rafinesque; Paliris Dumortier; Platystylis (Blume) Lindley (1830), not Sweet (1828); Pseudorchis Gray (1821), not Séguier (1754); Sturmia Reichenbach (1826), not Hoppe (1799). Herbs, terrestrial, lithophytic, or epiphytic, rhizomatous, rarely mycotrophic and leaves reduced to scales. Stems pseudobulbous, sometimes appearing as a many-noded, fleshy stem, clustered or not, when young covered by sterile bracts. Leaves 1 to several, linear to ovate or elliptic, plicate or not, thinly textured to leathery, basal or cauline (terrestrial species), or arising from apex or sub- terminal nodes of pseudobulbs (epiphytic species), articulate or not at base. Inflorescences erect to pendulous, racemose, laxly or densely many flowered; floral bracts persistent, small. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow, green, orange, or purple, often translucent, usually resupinate. Sepals spreading, dorsal sepal free, lateral sepals sometimes fused for part or all of their length. Petals free, often reflexed, often linear and unlike sepals; lip often reflexed, ovate, oblong, or flabellate, entire or lobed, usually with a basal callus, lacking a spur. Column incurved-arcuate, clavate, long, winged at apex and sometimes at base; anther cap attached by a slen- der filament, 2-locular; pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, waxy, ovoid, bilaterally flattened, each pair with a small viscidium; rostellum thinly textured, blunt. -
Kew Science Publications for the Academic Year 2017–18
KEW SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017–18 FOR THE ACADEMIC Kew Science Publications kew.org For the academic year 2017–18 ¥ Z i 9E ' ' . -,i,c-"'.'f'l] Foreword Kew’s mission is to be a global resource in We present these publications under the four plant and fungal knowledge. Kew currently has key questions set out in Kew’s Science Strategy over 300 scientists undertaking collection- 2015–2020: based research and collaborating with more than 400 organisations in over 100 countries What plants and fungi occur to deliver this mission. The knowledge obtained 1 on Earth and how is this from this research is disseminated in a number diversity distributed? p2 of different ways from annual reports (e.g. stateoftheworldsplants.org) and web-based What drivers and processes portals (e.g. plantsoftheworldonline.org) to 2 underpin global plant and academic papers. fungal diversity? p32 In the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous What plant and fungal diversity is national and international research partners, 3 under threat and what needs to be published 358 papers in international peer conserved to provide resilience reviewed journals and books. Here we bring to global change? p54 together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have Which plants and fungi contribute to included only those which are led by a Kew 4 important ecosystem services, scientist; a full list of publications, however, can sustainable livelihoods and natural be found at kew.org/publications capital and how do we manage them? p72 * Indicates Kew staff or research associate authors. -
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ...................................................................... -
Botanical Resources Studies Final Report
Takatz Lake Hydroelectric Project Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Project No. 13234 Botanical Resources Studies Final Report Prepared for: City and Borough of Sitka Electric Department 105 Jarvis Street Sitka, Alaska 99835 Prepared by: HDR Alaska, Inc. 2525 C Street, Suite 305 Anchorage, AK 99503 In association with Lazy Mountain Biological Consulting Inundated club moss (Lycopodiella inundata) January 2014 Takatz Lake Hydroelectric Project, FERC No. 13234 Botanical Resources Studies - Final Report Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction and Scope of the Studies .............................................................................................. 1 2 Study Area .......................................................................................................................................... 1 3 Literature and Information Review ................................................................................................. 5 3.1 Vegetation Types ....................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Sensitive and Rare Plant Species ............................................................................................... 6 3.2.1 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................ 6 3.2.2 USFS-Designated Sensitive Species ........................................................................... -
Lycopodiaceae Clubmoss Family
Lycopodiaceae Page | 46 clubmoss family Upwards of 15 genera comprise this ancient family. Perennial herbs, they somewhat resemble coarse mosses. The solitary sporangia are borne either in a terminal strobilus or are axillary with leaves. Spores are of equal size. In Nova Scotia we have four genera. A. Rhizomes absent; upright stems clustered; axillary sporangia; spores pitted. Huperzia aa. Rhizomes present; upright shoots alternate; sporangia aggregated into B terminal strobili, spores with netlike pattern. B. Strobili on leafy peduncles; mainly of wetland habitats. Lycopodiella bb. Strobili sessile or on peduncles with remote scant leaves; mainly of C dry upland places. C. Tips of stems 5–12mm in diameter; leaves in 6 ranks or Lycopodium more; leaves bristly, free for most of their length, not scalelike. cc. Distal shoots 2–6mm in diameter; leaves in 4–6 ranks, Diphasiastrum strongly overlapping (scalelike) and appressed along the stem with only tips free. Diphasiastrum Holub There are 15–20 species worldwide; numerous hybrids are possible. Generally these clubmosses are northern or subarctic in distribution. Nova Scotia has four species. Rhizomes bear sparse leaves that are reduced to scales, rooting from the lower surfaces. Upright stems are flattened or angled, with 2–5 branches. Leaves are arranged in four ranks and of two sizes. Sporophylls are smaller than unspecialized leaves. 1-7 Lycopodiaceae Key to species A. Plants < 12 cm tall; strobili sessile. Diphasiastrum sitchense Page | 47 aa. Stems 8–50cm; strobili on peduncles. B B. Branches square or angled, bluish. D. tristachyum bb. Branches flat; green. C C. Lateral branches irregular, annual winter bud constrictions D. -
Lycopodium Clavatum Ssp. Monostachyon (L. Lagopus) in Den Ostalpen 235-248 © Zool.-Bot
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Frueher: Verh.des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien. seit 2014 "Acta ZooBot Austria" Jahr/Year: 1999 Band/Volume: 136 Autor(en)/Author(s): Tribsch Andreas, Schönswetter Peter Artikel/Article: Lycopodium clavatum ssp. monostachyon (L. lagopus) in den Ostalpen 235-248 © Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich, Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Vcrh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich 136 (1999): 235-248 Lycopodium clavatum ssp. monostachyon (L. lagopus) in den Ostalpen Andreas TRIBSCH und Peter SCHÖNSWETTER Lycopodium clavatum ssp. monostachyon ist eine seltene, arktisch-alpin ver- breitete Sippe der Ostalpenflora. Im Zuge von Herbarrevisionen konnte der bisher nur aus den Bundesländern Steiermark, Salzburg und Kärnten (Öster- reich) bekannte Schneehuhn-Bärlapp erstmals für die Bundesländer Tirol und Vorarlberg sowie fürTrentino-Südtirol (Italien) nachgewiesen werden. Differen- tialmerkmale zu L. clavatum ssp. clavatum werden diskutiert. Anhand von Vegetationsaufnahmen aus den Wölzer Tauern (Steiermark) werden Gesell- schaftsanschluß und Ökologie der Sippe behandelt. TRIBSCH A. & SCHÖNSWETTER P., 1999: Lycopodium clavatum ssp. mono- stachyon (L lagopus) in the Eastern Alps. Lycopodium clavatum ssp. monostachyon is a rare, arctic-alpine distributed taxon of the East Alpine flora. As a result of a revision of herbarium speci- mens, this clubmoss, formerly only known from Steiermark, Salzburg and Kämten (Austria), is recorded for the Austrian provinces Tirol and Vorarlberg, as well as for Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), for the first time. Characters dis- tinguishing ssp. monostachyon from ssp. clavatum are discussed. Some relevds from the Wölzer Tauern (Steiermark) are given to characterize the phytosocio- logical behaviour and ecology of the taxon. -
Lycopodiaceae) Weston Testo University of Vermont
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2018 Devonian origin and Cenozoic radiation in the clubmosses (Lycopodiaceae) Weston Testo University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Systems Biology Commons Recommended Citation Testo, Weston, "Devonian origin and Cenozoic radiation in the clubmosses (Lycopodiaceae)" (2018). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 838. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/838 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVONIAN ORIGIN AND CENOZOIC RADIATION IN THE CLUBMOSSES (LYCOPODIACEAE) A Dissertation Presented by Weston Testo to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Plant Biology January, 2018 Defense Date: November 13, 2017 Dissertation Examination Committee: David S. Barrington, Ph.D., Advisor Ingi Agnarsson, Ph.D., Chairperson Jill Preston, Ph.D. Cathy Paris, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Together with the heterosporous lycophytes, the clubmoss family (Lycopodiaceae) is the sister lineage to all other vascular land plants. Given the family’s important position in the land-plant phylogeny, studying the evolutionary history of this group is an important step towards a better understanding of plant evolution. Despite this, little is known about the Lycopodiaceae, and a well-sampled, robust phylogeny of the group is lacking. -
PTERIDOLOGIST 2012 Contents: Volume 5 Part 5, 2012 Scale Insect Pests of Ornamental Ferns Grown Indoors in Britain
PTERIDOLOGIST 2012 Contents: Volume 5 Part 5, 2012 Scale insect pests of ornamental ferns grown indoors in Britain. Dr. Chris Malumphy 306 Familiar Ferns in a Far Flung Paradise. Georgina A.Snelling 313 Book Review: A Field Guide to the Flora of South Georgia. Graham Ackers 318 Survivors. Neill Timm 320 The Dead of Winter? Keeping Tree Ferns Alive in the U.K. Mike Fletcher 322 Samuel Salt. Snapshots of a Victorian Fern Enthusiast. Nigel Gilligan 327 New faces at the Spore Exchange. Brian and Sue Dockerill 331 Footnote: Musotima nitidalis - a fern-feeding moth new to Britain. Chris Malumphy 331 Leaf-mining moths in Britain. Roger Golding 332 Book Review: Ferns of Southern Africa. A Comprehensive Guide. Tim Pyner 335 Stem dichotomy in Cyathea australis. Peter Bostock and Laurence Knight 336 Mrs Puffer’s Marsh Fern. Graham Ackers 340 Young Ponga Frond. Guenther K. Machol 343 Polypodium Species and Hybrids in the Yorkshire Dales. Ken Trewren 344 A Challenge to all Fern Lovers! Jennifer M. Ide 348 Lycopodiums: Trials in Pot Cultivation. Jerry Copeland 349 Book Review: Fern Fever. Alec Greening 359 Fern hunting in China, 2010. Yvonne Golding 360 Stamp collecting. Martin Rickard 365 Dreaming of Ferns. Tim Penrose 366 Variation in Asplenium scolopendrium. John Fielding 368 The Case for Filmy Ferns. Kylie Stocks 370 Polystichum setiferum ‘Cristato-gracile’. Julian Reed 372 Why is Chris Page’s “Ferns” So Expensive? Graham Ackers 374 A Magificent Housefern - Goniophlebium Subauriculatum. Bryan Smith 377 A Bolton Collection. Jack Bouckley 378 360 Snails, Slugs, Grasshoppers and Caterpillars. Steve Lamont 379 Sphenomeris chinensis. -
Chelan County Rare Plants County List
Chelan County Rare Plants County List Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Family Name State Federal Status Status Meadows, open woods, rocky ridge Agoseris elata tall agoseris tops Asteraceae S Anagallis minima chaffweed wetland, freshwater riparian areas Myrsinaceae S Anemone patens var. multifida pasqueflower High elevation Ranunculaceae T Antennaria parvifolia Nuttall's pussy-toes sandy, gravelly, ponderosa pine Asteraceae S Anthoxanthum hirtum common northern sweet grass moist meadows, riparian areas Poaceae R1 grassy hillsides, sagebrush flats, and ponderosa pine/Douglas fir, wide ecological amplitude forests. Rocky Astragalus arrectus Palouse milk-vetch and dry to moist and rich soils Fabaceae T Astragalus sinuatus Whited's milk-vetch Shrub-steppe, Fabaceae E SC Forests, moist meadows, riparian Botrychium paradoxum two-spiked moonwort areas, compacted old roadbeds Ophioglossaceae T SC Carex comosa bristly sedge Marshes, lake shores, wet meadows Cyperaceae S Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua boreal bog sedge wetlands, wet meadows, marshes Cyperaceae S Carex praeceptorum Teacher's sedge sphagnum bog, wetland Cyperaceae R1 Carex proposita Smoky Mountain sedge High elevation Cyperaceae T 4900-8000 ft elevation, dry rocky Chaenactis thompsonii Thompson's chaenactis slopes Asteraceae S Cicuta bulbifera bulb-bearing water-hemlock wetlands, bogs, streams Apiaceae S Cryptantha simulans pine woods cryptantha Boraginaceae R1 Cryptantha spiculifera Snake River cryptantha shrub-steppe, stony soils Boraginaceae S Cryptogramma stelleri Steller's rockbrake moist shaded cliffs in forests Pteridaceae S Mid to late seral Douglas-fir or Cypripedium fasciculatum clustered lady's slipper Ponderosa Pine forests Orchidaceae S SC Chelan County Rare Plants County List Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Family Name State Federal Status Status Moist meadows, springs, seeps, Delphinium viridescens Wenatchee larkspur riparian areas Ranunculaceae T SC 6600-9000 ft elevation, dry scree Erigeron salishii Salish fleabane slopes, sedge meadows Asteraceae S Eritrichium nanum var. -
Pteridologist 2008
PTERIDOLOGIST 2008 Contents Volume 5 Part 1, 2008 Oak Fern found in Surrey Fred Rumsey 2 Book review: Tristan Da Cunha Graham Ackers 3 The rare wee bog fern Heather McHaffie 4 Urban ferns John Edgington 5 Who is Casa Flora and what do they do? Naud Burnett 8 Evolution of a website Roger Golding 10 Soil spore banks and illegal immigrants - an update Adrian Dyer 12 Equisetum x willmotii Pat Acock 14 Tree-Fern Newsletter No. 14 Edited by Alastair C. Wardlaw 16 Editorial: Genus Dicksonia Alastair C. Wardlaw 16 Crested varieties of Cyathea cooperi Nicola Fidler 17 Tree Ferns in San Francisco Darren Lloyd 18 Tree Ferns at Brodick Castle Gardens Christine Nicholson 21 Bulbils on Tree Ferns Martin Rickard 24 And the winner is ......... Alec Greening 26 Death by a thousand diatoms Richard Marriott 30 Brake out ! Pteris go wild in the British Isles Fred Rumsey 31 RHS Watercolours of Award of Merit Ferns Graham Ackers 36 Two Passions: Glass and Ferns Walt Riehl 38 Stalking the wild clubmoss Roger Golding 39 The way that we went ! Jim Dennison 42 Fern tables Pat Riehl 46 “The Fern Gathererers” once more Adrian Dyer 48 Flexuosum refound! Martin Rickard 50 The first BPS, then and now. Michael Hayward 51 The british Pteridological Society’s Herbarium Graham Ackers 53 39 A suburban stumpery Richard Treganowan 62 Lycopodium lagopus Glen Feshie, Scotland Trichomanes speciosum in abundance! Martin Rickard 64 Photo: Roger Golding Cover Picture: Front This stunning picture of a Dicksonia antarctica crown in silhouette against the roof of the Kibble Palace, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, was taken in August last year. -
Pseudorchis Albida (L.) Á
Pseudorchis albida (L.) Á. and D. Löve Small White Orchid As the common name suggests, Pseudorchis albida is a diminutive orchid with tiny, creamy- white, scented flowers that attract a variety of day-flying insects. It is able to tolerate a wide range of ecological conditions, having a pH range of between 4 and 7, but is most often found in low fertility mesotrophic grasslands and acid heathlands, and more rarely in base- rich mires, limestone heath, and cliff ledges. It is most widespread in the north and west of Scotland but has experienced substantial declines across its range, particularly in Ireland, England and Wales. Pseudorchis albida is assessed as Vulnerable in GB and Critically Endangered in Wales. ©Joan Canals IDENTIFICATION having stomata above (only on the underside of the leaf in P. albida), G. repens by the presence of petioles and C. viride by Pseudorchis albida is a diminutive orchid with a dense spike the absence of longitudinal streaking (Poland & Clements, of very small, creamy-white flowers (2-4 mm across) with a 2009). In Britain, hybrids with Gymnadenia borealis have deeply three-lobed lip. Its leaves have translucent longitudinal been widely reported from Scotland and northern England streaks, are glossy green above, silvery below, and have a and with Dactylorhiza maculata in Skye and Orkney. hooded tip (Poland & Clements, 2009). Throughout its range Reported hybrids with Platanthera chlorantha are now P. albida is probably overlooked due to its small stature, short thought to be aberrant forms of the latter. flowering period, erratic appearance and tendency to form small populations (Duffey et al., 2008).