Proteobacteria
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Microbial group Group characteristics images description and significance genomic information if known cell structure and metabolism ecology phylogeny Individual species or genera and their characteristics (one per group member) images habitat growth conditions (if known) References Proteobacteria Robyn Jones Chelsea Jones Liz Jones Christian Jones Brittney Jones 1 “Purple Bacteria” •Include wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio •All gram negative with an outer membrane mainly composed of lipolysaccharides •Many move using flagella but some are non-motile •Most members are facultative or obligatory anaerobic and heterotrophic, but there are many exceptions •A very large and metabolically diverse phylum Structure and Metabolism Membrane system infolded from cytoplasm membrane Sulfur granules deposited inside (Chromatium) or outside of cell (Ectothiorhodospira) May have gas vesicles, flagella, or gliding May have stalks or appendages Prokaryotic cell structure 2 Ecology and Phylogeny Photosynthesis is generally facultative Uses H2S as electron donor Habitats where H2S is available Extreme environments can reduce competition Found within Domain Bacteria Contains five subgroups (alpha-, beta-, delta-, gamma-, and epsilon-) Alphaproteobacteria Comprise most photosynthetic genera, symbionts of plants (rhizobia), and group of dangerous pathogens, the Rickettsiaceae Found in mud and water of lakes and ponds with abundant organic matter and low sulfide levels Flexible in choice of energy source; normally they are grown anaerobically as photoorganoheterotroph, but they can grow aerobically 3 Betaproteobacteria Consists of several groups of aerobic or facultative bacteria Contains chemolithotrophs and phototrophs genera Thrives in environmental samples such as fresh water to waste water or soil Familiar pathogenic species include Neisseriaceae and Burkholderia Gammaproteobacteria Largest of the subgroups of Proteobaterica. Several medically and scientifically important groups of bacteria such as Enterobacteria, Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaecea. 㻤㼑㻃㼈㼛㼆㼈㼈㼇㼌㼑㼊㻃㼑㼘㼐㼅㼈㼕㻃㼒㼉㻃㼌㼐㼓㼒㼕㼗㼄㼑㼗㻃㼓㼄㼗㼋㼒㼊㼈㼑㼖㻃㼅㼈㼏㼒㼑㼊㼖㻃㼗㼒㻃㼗㼋㼌㼖㻃㼆㼏㼄㼖㼖㻏㻃㼈㻑㼊㻑 㻶㼄㼏㼐㼒㼑㼈㼏㼏㼄㻃㻋㼈㼑㼗㼈㼕㼌㼗㼌㼖㻃㼄㼑㼇㻃㼗㼜㼓㼋㼒㼌㼇㻃㼉㼈㼙㼈㼕㻌㻏㻃㻼㼈㼕㼖㼌㼑㼌㼄㻃㻋㼓㼏㼄㼊㼘㼈㻌㻏㻃㻹㼌㼅㼕㼌㼒㻃㻋㼆㼋㼒㼏㼈㼕㼄㻌㻏 㻳㼖㼈㼘㼇㼒㼐㼒㼑㼄㼖㻃㼄㼈㼕㼘㼊㼌㼑㼒㼖㼄㻃㻋㼏㼘㼑㼊㻃㼌㼑㼉㼈㼆㼗㼌㼒㼑㼖㻃㼌㼑㻃㼋㼒㼖㼓㼌㼗㼄㼏㼌㼝㼈㼇㻃㼒㼕㻃㼆㼜㼖㼗㼌㼆㻃㼉㼌㼅㼕㼒㼖㼌㼖 㼓㼄㼗㼌㼈㼑㼗㼖㻌㻑 㻪㼕㼄㼐㻃㻋㻐㻌㻃㼕㼒㼇㼖㻒㼆㼒㼆㼆㼌㻃㼆㼄㼑㻃㼅㼈㻃㼄㼈㼕㼒㼅㼌㼆㻃㼒㼕㻃㼄㼑㼄㼈㼕㼒㼅㼈㼖㻑 㻦㼄㼑㻃㼅㼈㻃㼉㼒㼘㼑㼇㻃㼌㼑㻃㼐㼄㼑㼜㻃㼋㼄㼅㼌㼗㼄㼗㼖㻃㼉㼕㼒㼐㻃㼄㼔㼘㼄㼗㼌㼆㻃㼋㼄㼅㼌㼗㼄㼗㻃㼗㼒㻃㼗㼋㼈㻃㼌㼑㼗㼈㼖㼗㼌㼑㼄㼏㻃㼗㼕㼄㼆㼗㻃㼒㼉 㼋㼘㼐㼄㼑㼖㻑 4 Deltaproteobacteria Predominantly aerobic genera, the fruit-body-forming myxobacteria, and strictly anaerobic genera, which contains most of the known sulfate and sulfur reducing bacteria Important in sulfur cycling Thrive in muds, polluted lake sediment, and methane digesters Prey on other gram negative bacteria Negative impact on industry because they cause corrosion of iron in pipelines Epsilonproteobacteria This is the smallest and a more recently recognized line of descent within the Proteobacteria Key representatives are the genera Campylobacter and Helicobacter Most of the species are microaerophilic, chemoorganotrophic nonsaccharolytic spiral- shaped or curved bacteria. They are typically motile with a corkscrew-like motion by means of polar flagella. They obtain their energy mainly from amino acids or tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. 5 References en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteobacteria www.earthlife.net/prokaryotes/proteo.html www.life.umd.edu/labs/delwiche/PSlife/lectures/Proteo.html 6.