Initial Environmental Examination

June 2013

PRC: Guangxi Baise Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project

Prepared by the Baise Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 2 May 2013) Currency unit – CNY1.00 = $ 0.1622 $1.00 = CNY6.1650

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AOX - Absorbable organic halogens AQG - Air Quality Guideline As - Arsenic Avg - Average B - Boron BEMC - Baise Environmental Monitoring Center BEPB - Baise Environmental Protection Bureau BIEP - Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection BMAB - Baise Municipal Administration Bureau BMG - Baise Municipal Government

BOD5 - 5-day biochemical oxygen demand BPCH - Baise Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project Construction Headquarters BPMO - Baise Project Management Office BWB - Baise Water Bureau C&D - Construction and demolition CBRNR - Chengbi River Nature Reserve Cd - Cadmium CNY - Chinese Yuan CO - Carbon monoxide COD - Chemical oxygen demand Cr - Chromium Cu - Copper DEP - Department of Environmental Protection DO - Dissolved oxygen EA - Executing Agency EHS - Environmental Health and Safety EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIR - Environmental Impact Report EIRF - Environmental Impact Registration Form EIT - Environmental Impact Table EMP - Environmental Management Plan

EMC - Environmental Monitoring Center EPB - Environmental Protection Bureau FSR - Feasibility Study Report FYP - Five-Year Plan GBDIG Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd. GDP - Gross Domestic Product GEPD - Guangxi Environmental Protection Department GHG - Greenhouse Gas GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism HDPE - High density polyethylene Hg - Mercury IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LAS - Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate LDI - Local design institute LIEC - Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant Mn - Manganese MEP - Ministry of Environmental Protection MSW - Municipal solid waste N - Nitrogen

NH3-N - Ammonia nitrogen Ni - Nickel NMT Non-motorized traffic

NO2 - Nitrogen dioxide

NOx - Nitrogen oxides NSDW - National Strategy for Development of the West O&M - Operation and maintenance P - Phosphorus PAH - Poly-aromatic hydrocarbon PAM - Poly-acryl amide PAM - Project Administration Manual Pb - Lead PCB - Polychlorobiphenyl PM - Particulate matter (in the air)

PM2.5 - Particulate matter (in the air) with diameter ≤ 2.5 μ

PM10 Particulate matter (in the air) with diameter ≤ 10 μ PMO - Project Management Office 2- PO4 - Phosphate PPTA - Project Preparation Technical Assistance PRC - People’s Republic of China

PVC - Polyvinylchloride RP - Resettlement Plan RSP - Respirable suspended particulates Se - Selenium SEPP - Soil Erosion and Protection Plan

SO2 - Sulfur dioxide SOE - State owned enterprise Std - Standard TEQ - Toxic equivalence TN - Total nitrogen TP - Total phosphorus TPH - Total petroleum hydrocarbon VKT - Vehicle kilometer travelled VOC - Volatile organic carbon WHO - World Health Organization Zn - Zinc

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

oC - degree centigrade dB - decibel g/m3 - gram per cubic meter ha - hectare kg/d - kilogram per day kg/m3 - kilogram per cubic meter km - kilometer km2 - square kilometer km/h - kilometer per hour

LAeq - equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level m - meter m2 - square meter m3 - cubic meter mg/kg - milligram per kilogram mg/L - milligram per liter mg/m3 - milligram per cubic meter mph - mile per hour no./L - number per liter t - metric ton t/a - ton per annum t/d - ton per day t/y - ton per year μ - micron

NOTES In the report, “$” refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Table of Contents

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

II. APPLICABLE POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS 9

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 28

IV. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 57

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 79

VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 107

VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 109

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 116

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 117

X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 118

APPENDIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Background

1. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is an environmental safeguard report for the Guangxi Baise Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project. This report was prepared based on the domestic Environmental Impact Report (EIR) prepared for this project. The domestic EIR was prepared based on information in the domestic Feasibility Study Report (FSR) and the domestic Soil Erosion and Prevention Plan (SEPP) for the project.

2. Baise is a prefecture-level city located in the western part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), at latitudes 104o 28’ ~ 107o 54’ east and longitudes 22o 51’ ~ 25o 07’ north. It is the largest municipality in terms of area in Guangxi, with a total administrative area of 36,300 km2. It borders Yunnan Province to the west, Guizhou Province to the north, Nanning City the capital of Guangxi to the east and Vietnam to the south. Baise is centrally located among Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi, and is deemed as the ‘golden corridor’ for the greater southwestern region in the PRC to access the Pacific Ocean region.

3. Population of permanent residents in Baise at the end of 2010 totalled 3,466,800. Of these approximately 260,000 live in the urban center with a constructed area of approximately 33 km2.

4. Despite support by the PRC government under the National Strategy for the Development of the West (NSDW) which in recent years contributed to an annual growth rate of 13.9% during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) from 2006 to 2010, the overall poverty levels in Baise remain high. The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 was only CNY16,106, or 54% of the national average. Ten of Baise’s 11 counties are classified as national poverty counties, while two are designated as regional poverty counties in the Guangxi Region. ADB intervention in this project therefore fits well with ADB’s goal of poverty reduction in its member countries.

5. The project area is the 2.8 km2 Dongsun sub-district, which is located within the Youjiang District of Baise and is approximately 4 km west of Baise’s urban center (Figure I.1). The current population is only 8,690, consisting of mostly (81% of population) employees (including retirees) and their families of local industrial enterprises, and residents of 6 grass-root villages.

Baise, Guangxi, PRC Dongsun Stream

Youjiang

Main Urban Area

Dongsun Sub-district

Figure I.1: Location of the Dongsun Sub-District

6. Within the Dongsun sub-districtFigure I.1 :are Location typical of traditional the Dongsun industrial Sub-District areas, with several industries some of which were established in the 1960’s. These include a nitrogen fertilizer plant, a smelter, a coal-fired power plant, a paper mill, an electric motor factory and a mining operation. Under the planned economy, these industrial enterprises played an important role in the development of Baise. However, in a market economy, they have encountered serious difficulties in terms of manpower, technology, products, markets and management etc., which led to their continuing decline. Of the above, the smelter, the power plant and the paper mill have ceased operation and closed down. The nitrogen fertilizer plant was leased out in 2002 and now produces ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate and formaldehyde. The electric motor factory was taken over by the Guangxi Baise Mining Bureau in December 2006 due to serious financial difficulties and since then has scaled down production with some products sold to the Guangxi Baise Mining Bureau for its mining operation. The ongoing mining operation is owned and managed by the Guangxi Baise Mining Bureau, with coal and lignite mining, and brick making.

7. The Baise City Urban Master Plan (2010-2030) has designated the functions of the future Dongsun sub-district to be for dwelling and leisure greenery. The Plan suggests that the industries in Dongsun sub-district be relocated to make way for dwelling, commercial and leisure greenery developments. Such designation basically fits the city’s overall development need, and lays the foundation for urban renewal in the Dongsun sub-district. Figure I.2 shows an artistic view of the future

Dongsun sub-district as defined in the Baise Urban Master Plan (2010-2030).

Figure I.2: An Artistic View of the Future Dongsun Sub-district

B. Project Design

8. Interventions from this project will contribute to urban renewal of the Dongsun sub-district by providing roads and bridges, rehabilitating rivers, improving flood control and upgrading community facilities. These are within the broader effort of transforming the present rural-industrial setting in the Dongsun sub-district into a suburban area of Baise through relocation of existing industrial enterprises, demolition of existing defunct factories, site remediation, river rehabilitation, and phased development of the new community, including provision of urban infrastructure and services, construction of residential, commercial and industrial buildings, creation of public open spaces, and creation of new economic opportunities for existing residents. ADB has contributed to the above by funding two projects to investigate the redevelopment of the industrial sites. One project assessed the extent and locations of contamination on the industrial sites, identified further site investigation needs, and provided guidance on the requirements and procedure, and safeguards requirements for deconstruction of factories and site clean-up. (Gong, Jiang and Zhang, 2011)1. The other project was a planning research that identified the redevelopment needs of Dongsun sub-district and developed a layout plan for the Dongsu sub-district, based on its being an integrated urban area with residential,

1 Gong Y. Y., L. Jiang and W. H. Zhang. 2011. Guangxi Baise integrated urban environment rehabilitation – Baise industrial park redevelopment demo project. Final report submitted to the Asian Development Bank.

commercial, business, entertainment, tourism and leisure functions (Wang, 2010)2. This urban renewal effort will be undertaken over a 10-year period, with various phases of development corresponding to different sub-areas of the 2.8 km2 site. This proposed project financed by ADB is a subset of the overall effort to be completed within 5 years involving urban river rehabilitation and flood control, urban roads and transportation, community upgrading and development, and capacity building and project management. This proposed project will not include further contamination investigations of industrial sites and the remediation of contaminated sites. These will be undertaken by BMG. As such, project components will not intrude onto the industrial sites but will include policy dialogue and capacity building to better equip BMG in the assessment and remediation of contaminated industrial sites. Access to the (moderately) contaminated sites is strictly controlled and restricted. The risk to residents living nearby these sites is not significant.

9. Impact and outcome. The impact of the project is sustained urban development of Baise into an environment-friendly, inclusive, and livable city. The outcome of the project is improved urban infrastructure and services in Dongsun area. The four indicative outputs are:

(i) Urban river rehabilitation and flood control. This output includes constructing 4.2 km of embankment along the left bank of Youjiang 3 (You River) and rehabilitating 3.97 km of the Dongsun Stream.

(ii) Urban transport and associated infrastructure. This output includes constructing 11.273 km of roads, including 4 bridges crossing the Dongsun Stream, road-side water supply and wastewater collection pipelines, and two bus terminals.

(iii) Community upgrading and development. This output includes constructing a 850 m2 community service center, a 3,000 m2 market for agricultural trade, and a solid waste transfer station with a handling capacity of 50 t/d.

(iv) Capacity building and project management. This output provides institutional development and capacity building in integrated urban development, community development, deconstruction of industrial facilities, contaminated site assessment and remediation, and project management to ensure effective implementation of the project and sustainable O&M of the project facilities.

C. Project Benefits

10. This project will benefit the Dongsun sub-district of Baise City through urban renewal, turning an old industrial area into an area with better infrastructure conducive to better residential living and commercial activities, increasing employment opportunities and facilitating urbanization. The

2 Wang, W. Q. 2010. Guangxi Baise Dongsun Area Integrated Urban Environment Rehabilitation Project – Planning Research. Report submitted to the Asian Development Bank. 3 “Jiang” in Chinese means “river”. Therefore the proper nomenclature is either Youjiang or You River, but not Youjiang River.

beneficiaries include the existing 8,690 population and the future population of 34,000 (2030) in the Dongsun sub-district.4

11. Rehabilitation of Dongsun Stream and embankment construction along the left bank of Youjiang will improve the protection for the Dongsun sub-district residents against flooding and urban waterlogging5 damages. The flood control capacity of Youjiang will be improved to 1-in-50 year storm events while the waterlogging control capacity of Dongsun Stream will be improved to 1-in-20 year storm events.

12. As part of the Dongsun Stream rehabilitation, the stream will be deepened through dredging. This will remove approximately 42 t of total nitrogen and 48 t of total phosphorus laden in the stream sediment, contributing to improving water quality in Dongsun Stream and Youjiang.

13. Roads and bridges built in this project will improve the road network and road conditions in Dongsun sub-district. This will improve internal connectivity within the sub-district and also external connectivity of the sub-district with the main urban area of Baise to the east. The indirect benefit is better opportunities for employment and economic and commercial activities for Dongsun sub-district residents.

14. This project will provide new community facilities to the future residents, improving their quality of life. Provision of the solid waste transfer station will improve solid waste management and practices, reducing or eliminate illegal garbage dumping onto river and stream banks causing pollution to the water bodies and creating sanitation and public health problems. Community development in this project includes the retention of urban agriculture in the Dongsun sub-district, which contributes to reducing the heat island effect of urban areas.

D. Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures

15. The project was classified as category B for environment. Construction and operation of the project components do have potential impacts to the environment. Approximately 80 ha of land will be permanently lost to make way for the above facilities. Dust and noise generated by construction activities will be a nuisance to nearby residents. Discharge of wastewater from construction sites could potentially pollute nearby water bodies. Traffic travelling on the project roads will generate air and noise pollution potentially affecting nearby sensitive receptors. Operation of the solid waste transfer station will have odor, noise and water quality implications. There will be no project impacts on livelihoods

4 The Urban Design Plan and the Control Plan for Dongsun Area project a Dongsun population at build-out of 34,000. The figure is based on an overall functional zoning, assumptions about the intensity of development (ratio of built space to open space in m2, based on plot coverage and building heights), the total build area (m2), and average occupancy rates. 5 “Urban waterlogging” is a special term used in the PRC to refer to flooding in urban areas where storm water runoff in excess of the urban drainage system capacity converges in low-lying areas, causing disruption to traffic, damage to property and threatening safety and lives of residents.

through environmental media. According to predictions in the domestic Environmental Impact Report (EIR), these impacts should be acceptable with the provision of mitigation measures and sound environmental management during the construction and operational stages of the project. The project will not intrude onto the industrial sites and the other potential environmental impacts are expected to be reversible and can be mitigated to acceptable levels.

16. To facilitate sound environmental management, this report provides an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) with 4 major components: mitigation, monitoring, public consultation and training. The EMP provides a plan for training and capacity building of the Baise Project Management Office (BPMO) and the Implementing Agency (IA) so that they will be able to perform environmental management, to implement all the mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. Mitigation measures listed in the EMP covers the design, construction and operational stages of the project, because some measures that will become permanent features of the facilities will need to be designed into the facilities. It is also important that the mitigation measures are included in tender documents so that they could be implemented during the construction and operational stages. Environmental monitoring is important to measuring the impact during construction and operation, as well as quantifying the benefits of this project during operation.

E. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

17. Information disclosure of the project was placed on the web-site of the IA on July 20, 2012. Two rounds of consultation and participation were conducted. The first round was by questionnaire surveys of stakeholders and affected people during the information disclosure periods at the beginning of the domestic environmental impact assessment process. Survey results identified the main public concerns to be air quality, noise, water quality, ecology and solid waste impacts during construction of the project. These results guided the focus of impact assessment. The second round was by public forum on January 30, 2013 after the draft domestic Environmental Impact Report (EIR) was completed. Over 100 stakeholders were invited and 96 attended. Main queries were again related to construction stage impacts and mitigation measures. Explanations were given to all queries by the BPMO and the environmental design institute.

F. Grievance Redress Mechanism

18. People that are affected by the impacts of this project will have a channel to register their grievance. This report and the EMP describe a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) to document and resolve complaints from affected people. The proposed GRM was explained to the attendees of the public forum (30 January 2013). The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth. Multiple points of entry and modes of access, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be

available. Opportunities for confidentiality and privacy for complainants will be honored where this is seen as important.

G. Key EMP Implementation Responsibilities

19. The Baise Municipal Government (BMG) is the Executing Agency (EA) and has established the Baise Project Management Office (BPMO), who on behalf of the EA will be responsible, for the day-to-day management of the project. The BPMO will have the overall responsibility to supervise the implementation of environment mitigation measures, coordinate the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and report to ADB. The BPMO will appoint one environment specialist on its staff to supervise the effective implementation of the EMP and to coordinate the project level GRM. In addition, the BPMO will prepare annual environment progress reports and submit them to ADB.

20. The Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd. (GBDIG) will be the Implementing Agency (IA) for the Project. GBDIG will assume the debt servicing responsibility as the end-user of the ADB loan. It will implement project components, administer and monitor contractors and suppliers, and be responsible for construction supervision and quality control. GBDIG will appoint on its staff at least one dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialist to (i) supervise contractors and their compliance with the EMP; (ii) conduct regular site inspections; (iii) coordinate periodic environmental impact monitoring in compliance with the approved monitoring plan6; (iv) act as local entry point for the project GRM; (vi) submit quarterly environmental impact monitoring results d to the BPMO and BEPB for verification and confirmation.

21. GBDIG will engage the technical engineering design institutes (DI), loan implementation consultants (LIC), and manage the procurement process. To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP provisions, GBDIG with the help and technical support of Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC), will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in the IEE and EMP. GBDIG will also contract the Baise Environmental Monitoring Center (BEMC) to conduct internal environmental monitoring during the construction and operational stages of the project in accordance with the environmental monitoring program described in the EMP.

22. During the operational phase, the BPMO will supervise the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the operators (O&M Units) of the project components. The cost of mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant O&M Units, including: (i) Baise Municipal Administration Bureau (BMAB) for the operation and maintenance of roads and bridges, greening, sanitation, lighting, and solid waste collection; (ii) GBDIG for the operation and management

6 The Baise Environmental Monitoring Center (under the Baise Environmental Protection Bureau) will be contracted by GBDIG to conduct internal environmental monitoring.

of such commercial facilities as the market; and (iii) the Baise Water Bureau (BWB) for managing and maintaining the flood control works.

H. Risks and Key Assurances

23. The main project risks include the low institutional capacity in environmental management and failure of the BPMO, IA and O&M units to monitor environmental impacts and implement the EMP during construction and operational stages, and for the project linked facilities such as the water treatment and wastewater treatment plants to be built on time. Although not part of this project, inappropriate deconstruction of factories and contaminated site remediation will pose occupational health and safety risks to construction workers redeveloping these sites and public health and safety risks to future communities inhabiting and using these sites. These risks will be mitigated by (i) providing training in environmental management and contamination site clean-up under the project; (ii) appointing qualified project implementation consultants, (iii) following appropriate project implementation monitoring and mitigation arrangements, and (iv) ADB conducting project reviews.

24. Key assurances cover ADB requirements in environmental safeguards during project implementation.

I. Overall Conclusion

25. Impact assessment results show no unprecedented and irreversible impact and that potential impacts will be mitigated to acceptable levels. This confirmed the recommendation of Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) that the environmental categorization of this project be assigned Category B.

II. APPLICABLE POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK AND STANDARDS

A. Policy Framework

26. Baise is a prefecture-level city located in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) – one of the 12 less developed western provinces supported by the PRC government under the National Strategy for the Development of the West (NSDW). Despite such support in recent years which contributed to an annual growth rate of 13.9% during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) from 2006 to 2010, overall poverty levels in Baise remain high. The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 was only CNY16,106, or 54% of the national average. Ten of Baise’s 11 counties are classified as national poverty counties, while two are designated as regional poverty counties in the Guangxi Region.

27. ADB intervention in Baise therefore fits well with ADB’s goal of poverty reduction in its member countries. This project is also aligned with key thrusts of ADB's assistance to the PRC under the PRC Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) 7 in the areas of: (i) urban infrastructure, especially in the interior, to support urbanization and improve urban environmental quality, and (ii) transport, especially in the interior, to build the service sector and integrate the domestic economy. It furthers ADB's Strategy 2020 8 which emphasizes sustainable urban development, infrastructure efficiency, better environmental management, inclusive growth and balanced development.

28. Local Requirements. The following Baise requirements are relevant to this Project. These requirements also form the basis and rationale for this Project.

(i) Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of Baise City. February 25, 2011. (see below)

(ii) Baise City Urban Master Plan (2010-2030) which designated the functions of the future Dongsun sub-district to be for dwelling and leisure greenery. The Plan suggests that the industries in Dongsun sub-district be relocated to make way for dwelling, commercial and leisure greenery developments. Such designation basically fits the city’s overall development need, and lays the foundation for urban renewal in the Dongsun sub-district. ADB has contributed to the above by funding two projects to investigate the redevelopment of the industrial sites. One project assessed the extent and locations of contamination on the industrial sites, identified further site investigation needs, and provided guidance on the requirements and procedure, and safeguards requirements for deconstruction of factories and site clean-up. (Gong, Jiang and Zhang, 2011). 9 The

7 ADB. 2008. PRC Country Partnership Strategy 2008-2010. Manila. 8 ADB. 2008. Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank, 2008–2020. Manila. 9 Gong Y. Y., L. Jiang and W. H. Zhang. 2011. Guangxi Baise integrated urban environment rehabilitation – Baise industrial park redevelopment demo project. Final report submitted to the Asian Development Bank.

other project was a planning research that identified the redevelopment needs of Dongsun sub-district and developed a layout plan for the Dongsu sub-district, based on its being an integrated urban area with residential, commercial, business, entertainment, tourism and leisure functions. (Wang, 2010)10.

(iii) Baise City Urban Area Flood Control Engineering and Planning Report (2006), which sets flood control standards and design criteria for various drainage channels, streams and catchment areas, and identified projects that would be needed for improvement of the flood control capacities of these channels and streams including the Dongsun sub-district.

(iv) Approval of the Baise City Urban Area Flood Control Engineering and Planning Report (Revision) {Guangxi Department of Water Resources document [2007] No. 48}

29. The project is consistent with Baise Municipality’s National Economic and Social Development 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), which emphasizes economic restructuring and urban development and upgrading. This will help address the low GDP, large income gap between urban and rural areas, underdeveloped service sector and weak social services. The main objectives for the period are to promote higher-quality industrial development, increase the portion of the population living in urban areas from 34% in 2010 to 43% in 2015, improve education and vocational training, reduce pollution, enhance environmental conditions, and improve social services in urban and rural areas.

30. The Five-Year Plan emphasizes the importance of better urban planning and more integrated development of major infrastructure, including water supply, electrical power supply and wastewater collection and treatment. Also emphasized are better social and community services to improve the quality of life of city dwellers, and restructuring of existing industries and relocation of polluting industries to facilities with better environmental management. The Five-Year Plan calls for great efforts to be made to mitigate water, air and land pollution by increasing wastewater treatment to 90% of generated waste and building solid waste treatment and disposal facilities.

B. Legal and Administrative Framework

31. The administrative framework for environmental impact assessment in the PRC consists of national, provincial and local (city) environmental protection authorities. The national authority is the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), who promulgates laws, regulations and technical guidelines on environmental impact assessment and pollution prevention and control. On the provincial level are the Departments of Environmental Protection (DEP), acting as the gate-keeper for environmental impact assessment and pollution prevention and control in the province. They are often delegated the authority by MEP to approve environmental impact assessment reports for construction

10 Wang, W. Q. 2010. Guangxi Baise Dongsun Area Integrated Urban Environment Rehabilitation Project – Planning Research. Report submitted to the Asian Development Bank.

projects in the provinces, except those with national interest and those that cross provincial boundaries that would need MEP approval. The local or city-level Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPB) enforce environmental laws and conduct environmental monitoring within city limits. Local EPBs could be delegated the authority to approve environmental impact assessments by the provincial DEPs. The Guangxi Provincial DEP will approve the domestic environmental impact assessment report for this project.

32. A Construction Project Environmental Impact Report (EIR)11 has been prepared by a domestic environmental institute, the Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection (BIEP), in accordance with the provisions of PRC’s Environmental Impact Assessment Law of 2003 and the Directory for the Management of Different Categories of Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment, (MEP Order No. 2), October 1, 2008. The release of the Environmental Impact Assessment Public Participation Interim Guideline in 2006 also requires that the public be involved in the EIA process. This EIR was submitted to the Baise EPB, which approved the EIR in April 2013. A Soil Erosion and Protection Plan (SEPP) was prepared and included as sub-plan of the feasibility study report (FSR). This IEE is based on information and findings provided in the EIR and FSR.

C. Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards

33. PRC requirements. The following requirements of the PRC govern the way in which environmental protection and environmental impact assessment for construction projects must be implemented. This suite of laws, regulations, guidelines and standards is shown below, indicating the comprehensive coverage on PRC’s environmental safeguard. These requirements cover pollution prevention and control on air, noise, water, ecology and solid waste. These requirements also provide technical guidelines on assessing atmospheric, noise, water and ecological impacts.

(1) Environmental Protection Law, December 26, 1989;

(2) Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law, September 1, 2000;

(3) Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, March 1, 1997;

(4) Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, June 1, 2008;

(5) Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law, April 1, 2005;

(6) Water Law, October 1, 2002;

11 The Directory for the Management of Different Categories of Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment classifies environmental impact assessments for construction projects into 3 categories with different reporting requirements, based on the ‘significance’ of potential environmental impact due to the project and the environmental sensitivity of the project site as described in this Directory. An Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is required for construction projects with potential significant environmental impacts. An Environmental Impact Table (EIT) is required for construction projects with less significant environmental impacts. An Environmental Impact Registration Form (EIRF) is required for construction projects with the least significant environmental impacts.

(7) Water and Soil Conservation Law, June 29, 1991, amended December 25, 2010;

(8) Promotion of Clean Production Law, January 1 2003;

(9) Environmental Impact Assessment Law, September 1, 2003;

(10) Energy Conservation Law, January 1, 1998;

(11) Wild Animal Protection Law, August, 2004;

(12) Cultural Relics Protection Law, 2002;

(13) Construction Project Environmental Protection and Management Regulation, (State Department Order No. 253), November 29, 1998;

(14) Directory for the Management of Different Categories of Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment, (MEP Order No. 2), October 1, 2008;

(15) Environmental Impact Assessment Public Participation Interim Guideline, (MEP Announcement No. [2006]28);

(16) Circular on Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations, (MEP Announcement No. [1993]324);

(17) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: General Program (HJ 2.1-2011);

(18) Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2-2008);

(19) Technical Guidelines for Noise Impact Assessment (HJ 2.4-2009);

(20) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Surface Water Environment (HJ/T 2.3-93);

(21) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Ground Water Environment (HJ 610-2011);

(22) Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment: Ecological Impact (HJ 19-2011);

(23) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Public Participation (public comment version, January 2011);

(24) Technical Guideline for Construction Project Environmental Risk Assessment (HJ/T 169-2004);

(25) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Constructional Project of Highways (public comment version)

(26) Specifications for Road Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment (JTG

B03-2006);

(27) Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996);

(28) Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012) [to replace GB 3095-1996 on January 1, 2016]

(29) Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996).

(30) Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants (GB 14554-93);

(31) Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008);

(32) Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523-2011);

(33) Technical Specifications to Determine the Suitable Areas for Environmental Noise of Urban Area, (GB/T 15190-94);

(34) Ground Level Traffic Noise Pollution Prevention Technical Policy (MEP Announcement No. [2010)7];

(35) Residential Building Sound Proof Design Specification (GB 50118-2010);

(36) Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002);

(37) Quality Standard for Ground Water (GB/T 14848-93);

(38) Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996);

(39) Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995);

(40) Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites (Interim) (HJ 350-2007);

(41) Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (public comment version);

(42) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Monitoring of Sites (public comment version);

(43) Guidelines for Soil Remediation of Contaminated Sites (public comment version);

(44) Interim Measures for Environmental Management of Soil on Contaminated Site (public comment version);

(45) Control Standard for Pollutants in Sludges for Agricultural Use (GB 4284-84);

(46) Classification and Assessment Standards for Municipal Solid Waste (CJJ/T 102-2004);

(47) Technical Guideline on Environmental Monitoring Quality Management (HJ 630-2011).

34. Provincial and local requirements. The following Guangxi and Baise requirements are relevant to this project.

(1) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Regulations. Second Amendment September 29, 2010;

(2) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Regulations for Agriculture. May 30, 1995;

(3) Interim Measures for Management of Urban Environmental Noise in Baise City. May 23, 2008., which reiterates regular maintenance of motor vehicles to achieve compliance with the noise standards for the vehicles and for the noise functional areas, and the use of horns within city limits, as well as construction noise forbidding night time and noon time construction works near areas with concentration of sensitive receptors such as schools and residential communities.

35. ADB environmental safeguard requirements. This project is classified as Category B for environment on the basis of ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA), requiring the submission of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. This IEE has been prepared under the provisions of the ADB’s safeguard policy statement 12 which requires a number of critical considerations, including: (i) project level grievance redress mechanism, including documentation in the environmental management plan (EMP); (ii) physical cultural resources damage prevention analysis; (iii) climate change mitigation and adaptation; (iv) occupational and community health and safety requirements, including emergency preparedness and response); (v) economic displacement that is not part of land acquisition; (vii) meaningful consultation and participation; and (viii) an EMP which comprises implementation schedule and (measurable) performance indicators.

36. Relevant international agreements. The PRC is a signatory to a number of international agreements relevant to environment protection. Those relevant to the project, along with the date of signing by the PRC, include:

(1) Convention on Biological Diversity, 29 December 1993. To develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity;

(2) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 21 December 1975. To stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value;

(3) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 23 February 2005. To further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage

12 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.

reduction targets for the developed countries;

(4) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1 January 1989. To protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of substances that deplete it;

(5) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, 26 December 1996. To combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements;

(6) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 21 March 1994. To achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

D. Evaluation Standards

37. In PRC’s EIA requirements, ambient conditions of air, noise and water quality in the project area determine the appropriate category of emissions and effluent standards for the construction and operational phases of built infrastructure. However, the World Bank Group Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines 13 (see below) are based on best practice construction and operational procedures. Both the PRC standards and EHS guidelines are used in the assessments.

38. Air quality. The PRC ranks air quality into three classes according to its Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996 and amendment in 2000), with Class I being having the best air quality and Class III the worst air quality. The ambient air quality in the assessment area of this project has been assigned to meet GB 3095-1996 Class II standards. A new standard has been issued in 2012 (GB 3095-2012), which will become effective on January 1, 2016, replacing GB 3095-1996. GB 3095-2012 combines Classes II and III and therefore will only have two air quality classes: Class I and Class II. It also introduces PM2.5 standards and relaxes the 1-hour NO2 standard to match the World Health Organization (WHO)14 Air Quality Guideline (AQG) standard. The World Bank Group adopted the WHO standards for its EHS standards for air quality.

39. The WHO set up air quality guideline (AQG) standards for various air quality parameters for the protection of public health. Yet recognizing that progressive actions are needed to achieve these standards and the financial and technological limitations of some countries, cities or localities especially in developing countries, the WHO also established interim targets as intermediate milestones towards achieving the AQG.

13 World Bank Group. 2007. Environmental, health and safety guidelines - General EHS guidelines. Washington D.C.

14 World Health Organization. 2005. WHO air quality guidelines global update 2005. Report on a Working Group meeting, Bonn, Germany, 18-20 October 2005.

40. Table II.1 compares the PRC’s GB 3095-1996 Class II standards with the GB 3095-2012 standards and the World Bank Group’s EHS standards.

Table II.1: Comparison of the PRC’s GB 3095-1996, GB 3095-2012, and World Bank Group EHS Ambient Air Quality Standards

15 3 Air Quality GB 3095-1996 Class GB 3095-2012 Class World Bank Group EHS (mg/m ) Averaging Period 3 3 Parameter II (mg/m ) II (mg/m ) Interim Targets AQG

1-year 0.06 0.06 n/a n/a

SO2 24-hour 0.15 0.15 0.050-0.125 0.020 1-hour 0.50 0.50 n/a n/a 1-year 0.20 0.20 n/a n/a TSP 24-hour 0.30 0.30 n/a n/a 1-year 0.10 0.10 0.030-0.070 0.020 PM10 24-hour 0.15 0.15 0.075-0.150 0.050 1-year n/a n/a 0.015-0.035 0.010

PM2.5 24-hr n/a 0.15 0.0375-0.075 0.025 1-hour n/a 0.35 n/a n/a 1-year 0.04 0.04 n/a 0.040

NO2 24-hour 0.08 0.08 n/a n/a 1-hour 0.12 0.20 n/a 0.200 24-hour 4.00 4.00 n/a n/a CO 1-hour 10.00 10.00 n/a n/a

41. Longer averaging period such as 1-year as shown in Table II.1 is more applicable to assessing impacts from multiple as well as regional sources; while shorter averaging periods such as 24-hour and 1-hour are more applicable to assessing short term impacts from project related activities, such as from peak hour traffic or daily or peak construction activities.

42. Comparing the PRC’s GB 3095-1996 Class II standards with the World Bank Group’s EHS 3 standards, Table II.1 shows that the PRC’s 24-hour SO2 standard (0.15 mg/m ) is higher than the 3 3 upper limit of World Bank Group’s interim target (0.125 mg/m ); 1-hour NO2 standard (0.12 mg/m ) is more stringent than the World Bank Group’s AQG (0.200 mg/m3) (which will be relaxed to match the 3 AQG in GB 3095-2012); and 24-hour PM10 standard (0.15 mg/m ) is the same as the upper limit of the World Bank Group’s interim target.

43. When GB 3095-2012 replaces GB3095-1996 on January 1, 2016, Class II standards of 24-hour 3 3 SO2 (0.15 mg/m ) and PM2.5 (0.15 mg/m ) are higher than the upper limit of the World Bank Group’s 3 3 3 interim targets (0.125 mg/m and 0.075 mg/m respectively); while 24-hour PM10 (0.15 mg/m ) and

15 World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

3 1-hour NO2 (0.20 mg/m ) are the same as the World Bank Group’s upper limit of interim target and AQG, respectively.

44. PRC’s Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996) regulates the emission of particulate matter, NOx and asphalt fume during construction. Such standards are presented in Table II.2.

Table II.2: GB 16297-1996 Standards for Emission of Air Pollutants during Construction Maximum Allowable Parameter Fugitive Emission Concentration (mg/m3) Concentration (mg/m3)

Particulate matter (PM) 120 Highest concentration outside site boundary: 1.0

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 240 Highest concentration outside site boundary: 0.12

Asphalt fumes 75 No obvious fugitive emission

45. Noise. According to the Technical Specifications to Determine the Suitable Areas for Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB/T 15190-94), the area within 200 m on both sides of road or road junction should comply with the corresponding provisions in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008). GB 3096-2008 categorizes five functional areas based on their tolerance to noise pollution: from Category 0 to Category 4. Category 0 is for areas with convalescent facilities that are the least tolerant to noisy environment and therefore has the most stringent day and night time noise standards. Category 1 is for areas predominated by residential areas, hospitals and clinics, educational institutions and research centers. Category 2 is for areas with mixed residential and commercial functions. Category 3 is for areas with industrial production and storage and logistics functions. Category 4 is for regions adjacent to traffic noise sources such as major roads and highways, and is subdivided into 4a and 4b with the former applicable to road and marine traffic noise and the latter applicable to rail noise. Standards for various functional area categories and in comparison with the World Bank Group’s EHS guidelines are listed in Table II.3, showing that the World Bank Group has lower noise limits for residential, commercial and industrial mixed areas but higher noise limits for industrial areas and night time noise near trunk roads.

Table II.3: Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (Equivalent Sound Level LAeq: dB) World Bank Group EHS16 GB 3096-2008 Standards Noise Functional Standards Applicable Area Area Category Day Night Day Night 06:00-22:00 22:00-06:00 07:00-22:00 22:00-07:00 Areas needing extreme quiet, such as 0 50 40 convalescence areas Areas mainly for residence, hospitals, 1 cultural and educational institutions, 55 45 55 45 administration offices Residential, commercial and industrial mixed 2 60 50 areas Industrial areas, warehouses and logistic 3 65 55 parks 70 70 4a Area on both sides of urban trunk road 70 55 Note: Functional Area 4 is divided into 4a for trunk roads and 4b for railway lines.

46. PRC’s Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB 12523-2011) regulates construction noise, limiting construction noise levels at the construction site boundary to 70 dB(A) in the day time (06:00 to 22:00) and 55 dB(A) at night (22:00 – 06:00). The World Bank Group does not have standards for construction noise per se, but applies the same noise standards listed in Table II.3 above to the receptors during construction activities.

47. Surface water quality. For water quality assessment, the determining standard is PRC’s Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). It defines five water quality categories for different environmental functions. Category I is the best, suitable for head waters and National Nature Reserves. Category II is suitable for drinking water sources in Class I protection areas, habitats for rare aquatic organisms, breeding grounds for fish and crustaceans, and feeding grounds for fish fries. Category III is suitable for drinking water sources in Class II protection areas, wintering grounds for fish and crustaceans, migration routes, water bodies for aquaculture and capture fishery, and swimming activities. Category IV is suitable for general industrial use and non-contact recreational activities. Category V is the worst which is only suitable for agricultural and scenic water uses. These standards are set out in Table II.4. The World Bank Group has guidelines on effluent quality standards but not ambient water quality, and recognizes the use of PRC ambient water quality criteria for EHS purpose.

16 World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

Table II.4: Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB 3838-2002 Category Parameter I II III IV V pH 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 90% Dissolved oxygen (DO) [mg/L] saturation ≥6 ≥5 ≥3 ≥2 or ≥7.5

Permanganate index (IMn) [mg/L] ≤2 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 ≤15 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) [mg/L] ≤15 ≤15 ≤20 ≤30 ≤40

5-day Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) [mg/L] ≤3 ≤3 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10

Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) [mg/L] ≤0.15 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 Total phosphorus (as P) [mg/L] ≤0.02 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.4 Lakes & reservoirs ≤0.01 ≤0.025 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 Total nitrogen (lakes, reservoirs, as N) [mg/L] ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 Copper (Cu) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 Zinc (Zn) [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤2.0 Fluoride (as F-) [mg/L] ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 Selenium (Se) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 Arsenic (As) [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.1 Mercury (Hg) [mg/L] ≤0.0005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 Cadmium (Cd) [mg/L] ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 Chromium (Cr, hexavalent) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 Lead (Pb) [mg/L] ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 Cyanide (CN) [mg/L] ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 Volatile phenol [mg/L] ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 Anionic surfactant [mg/L] ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 Sulfide [mg/L] ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 Fecal coliform bacteria [number/L] ≤200 ≤2000 ≤10000 ≤20000 ≤40000

48. Discharge of wastewater from construction sites and supernatant water from dredged sediment disposal sites is regulated under PRC’s Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). Class I standards apply to discharges into Category III water bodies under GB 3838-2002. Class II standards apply to discharges into Categories IV and V water bodies. Class III standards apply to discharges into municipal sewers going to municipal WWTPs with secondary treatment. Table II.5 shows these standards.

Table II.5: Wastewater Discharge Standards for Construction Sites and Dredged Sediment Disposal Sites according to GB 8978-1996 Class I Class II Class III

(for discharging into Parameter (for discharging into (for discharging into Categories IV and V water Category III water body) municipal sewer) body) pH 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9

SS mg/L 70 150 400

BOD5 mg/L 20 30 300

COD mg/L 100 150 500

TPH mg/L 5 10 20

Volatile phenol mg/L 0.5 0.5 2.0

NH3-N mg/L 15 25 ---

2- PO4 (as P) mg/L 0.5 1.0 --- LAS (= anionic surfactant) mg/L 5.0 10 20

49. Soil and river sediment quality. Soil quality in the PRC is divided into three classes according to the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Class 1 represents the best and Class 3 the worst. The PRC does not have quality standards for sediments in waterways such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the sea. It is common practice in the PRC to use GB 15618-1995 to assess sediment quality since most sediment would be disposed on land and most likely for future agricultural or planting uses. Some EIRs in the PRC have also used the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges from Agricultural Use (GB 4284-84) for assessing sediment quality. The rationale being that the physical nature of river sediment is similar to sludge. GB 15618-1995 standards are more stringent than GB 4284-84 standards. Therefore GB 15618-1995 will be used in this project for assessing sediment quality. Table II.6 presents both GB 15618-1995 (soil) and GB 4284-84 (sludge for agricultural use) standards. The World Bank Group does not have EHS standards for soil and sediment quality.

Table II.6: Comparison of Environmental Quality Standards for Soil and Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use Maximum Allowable Concentration in mg/kg dry weight GB 15618-1995 (Soil) GB 4284-84 (Sludge for Agricultural Use) Parameter Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Back Soil pH <6.5 6.5~7.5 >7.5 >6.5 <6.5 ≥6.5 ground Cadmium (Cd) 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.60 1.0 5 20 Mercury (Hg) 0.15 0.30 0.50 1.0 1.5 5 15 Arsenic (As) Paddy 15 30 25 20 30 75 75 Dry land 15 40 30 25 40 Copper (Cu) Farm land 35 50 100 100 400 250 500 Orchard --- 150 200 200 400

Maximum Allowable Concentration in mg/kg dry weight GB 15618-1995 (Soil) GB 4284-84 (Sludge for Agricultural Use) Parameter Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Back Soil pH <6.5 6.5~7.5 >7.5 >6.5 <6.5 ≥6.5 ground Lead (Pb) 35 250 300 350 500 300 1000 Chromium (Cr) Paddy 90 250 300 350 400 600 1000 Dry land 90 150 200 250 300 Zinc (Zn) 100 200 250 300 500 500 1000 Nickel (Ni) 40 40 50 60 200 100 200 Boron (B, soluable) ------150 150 DDT 0.05 0.50 1.0 ------666 (Lindane) 0.05 0.50 1.0 ------Mineral oil ------3000 3000 Benzo(a)pyrene ------3 3

50. Evaluation standards for the project. The following PRC evaluation standards were adopted for this project in the domestic EIR in accordance with the requirements set forth by the Baise EPB (Table II.7).

Table II.7: PRC Evaluation Standards Adopted for this Project17 Environmental PRC Evaluation Standard Remark Parameter Daily average: 3 PM10: 0.15 mg/m 3 SO2: 0.15 mg/m 3 Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB NO2: 0.12 mg/m Ambient air quality 3095-1996) and its revision: Class II CO: 4.0 mg/m3 standard Hourly average: 3 SO2: 0.50 mg/m 3 NO2: 0.24 mg/m CO: 10.0 mg/m3 Maximum allowable emission concentration: Construction air Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Particulate matter (PM): 120 mg/m3 pollutant emission Standard (GB 16297-1996) Fumes from asphalt plant: 75 mg/m3 during mixing

17 The project applies PRC standards. The comparison of PRC standards with internationally accepted standards (as defined in the World Bank’s Environment Health and Safety Guidelines) described in this chapter confirms that PRC standards are either internationally accepted, or have comparable standard limits with internationally accepted standards. A deviation from PRC practices and standards would make the task of compliance monitoring authorities unnecessary complicated, and is deemed not justified.

Environmental PRC Evaluation Standard Remark Parameter Limits for fugitive emission: PM: ≤1.0 mg/m3 at construction site boundary Fumes from asphalt plant: no obvious emission at asphalt production plant Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008): Functional Area 4a: Function Area Category 4a for areas Day time: 70 dB(A) within 35 m from the road redline Night time: 55 dB(A) Environmental noise Functional Area Category 2 for areas Functional Area 2: between 35 m to 200 m from the road Day time: 60 dB(A) redline, and residential, commercial and Night time: 50 dB(A) institutional mixed use areas Emission Standard of Environmental Noise level at construction site boundary: Construction noise Noise for Boundary of Construction Site Day time: 70 dB(A) (GB 12523-2011) Night time: 55 dB(A) Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB Surface water quality See Table II.4 3838-2002):Category III standard for Youjiang and Dongsun Stream Wastewater discharge from construction sites Integrated Wastewater Discharge See Table II.5 and dredged sediment Standard (GB 8978-1996) disposal sites Environmental Quality Standard for River sediment Soils (GB 15618-1995): Class 2 standard for land See Table II.6 standard according to the soil pH at disposal disposal site Source: EIR

E. Assessment Areas and Sensitive Receptors

51. The assessment areas for air, noise, surface water and ecological impacts are defined by the technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment in the PRC, based on the environmental sensitivity of the project areas and vicinity as well as the nature of the project and its components, i.e. the area of influence, which is similar to the SPS approach in determining the boundary of impact. The domestic EIR followed these guidelines in defining the assessment areas. The assessment areas for various environmental media are shown in Table II.8, with the ecological and physical cultural resource assessment areas adjusted and the soil and health and safety assessment areas added for this project.

Table II.8: Assessment Areas Environmental Media Assessment Area

Within the planned area of 279 ha including all air quality sensitive receptors such as Air planned residential communities, Dongsun No. 4 Secondary School, Dongsun Village, etc.

Within the planned area of 279 ha including all noise sensitive receptors such as residential Noise and commercial areas.

Surface water Youjiang and Dongsun Stream within the planned area of Dongsun sub-district

Construction “footprint” and aquatic ecology in Youjiang and Dongsun Stream within the Ecology planned area.

Soil Dredged sediment disposal site footprint

Physical cultural resource Construction “footprint”

Occupational health & safety Construction “footprint”

Community health & safety Within 200m of the project area

52. Figure II.1 shows an aerial view of the Dongsun sub-district and the distribution of existing and future (resettled communities) air and noise sensitive receptors. Table II.9 lists these sensitive receptors, consisting of dormitory communities for the workers and retirees of local industries, a few villages and two schools.

Figure II.1: Distribution of Existing and Future Air and Noise Sensitive Receptors in the Dongsun Sub-district

Table II.9: Existing and Future Air and Noise Sensitive Receptors within the Assessment Areas

Nearest Road

No. Sensitive Receptor Distance To Elevation Type Population Name of Road Red Line Difference (m) (m)

1 Electro-motor Factory dormitory community #1 Dongsun Road 5.5 -0.74 Residential 1102 2 Electro-motor Factory dormitory community #2 Dongsun Road 4.1 2.84 3 Dongsun No. 2 Group Planned No. 7 Road 2.3 0.57 163 Village 4 Dongsun No. 3 Group Planned No. 7 Road 1.0 0.2 151

5 Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community #2 Dongsun Road 58.7 -4.82 Residential 3709 6 Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community #1 Dongsun Road 8.7 0.56

7 Dongsun No. 6 Group #1 Dongsun Road 2.6 6.1 Village 122 8 Dongsun No. 6 Group #2 Planned No. 7 Road 3.2 0.2

9 Baise No. 4 Secondary School Dongsun Road 26.0 -21.12 School 611

10 Dongsun Primary School Planned No. 3 Road 0 0 School 552

11 Dongsun No. 4 Group #1 Planned No. 3 Road 1.8 0.12 Village 414 12 Dongsun No. 4 Group #2 Planned No. 3 Road 6.3 0.91

13 Thermal Power Plant dormitory community Planned No. 3 Road 9.2 0.7 Residential 118

14 Fertilizer Plant dormitory community #1 Planned No. 3 Road 12.9 0.5 Residential 1173 15 Fertilizer Plant dormitory community #2 Dongsun Road 14.6 0.98

16 Dongsun No. 5 Group #1 Planned No. 4 Road 1.5 1.52

17 Dongsun No. 5 Group #2 Dongsun Road 121.2 -7.04 Village 648

18 Dongsun No. 5 Group #3 Dongsun Road 14.0 12.64

19 Resettled community #1 Planned No. 2 Road --- 0.3 Residential ---

20 Resettled community #2 Planned No. 3 Road --- 0.9 Residential --- Source: EIR

F. Assessment Period

53. The duration of impacts assessed in this IEE covers the construction and operational phases of the project.

54. For the urban river rehabilitation and flood control component involving the Youjiang and Dongsun Stream, construction works would take 15 months, estimated to commence in January 2015 and to complete in March 2016. Construction of the urban roads, bridges, bus terminals and associated water supply and wastewater pipelines would take 39 months, estimated to commence in April 2015 and to complete in June 2018. Construction of the community facilities including the community service center, the market and the solid waste transfer station would take 15 months, estimated to start in January 2015 and to complete in March 2018 (intermittently). Figure II.2 shows the construction periods for these components, indicating combined construction duration of 42 months from January

2015 to June 2018.

55. The project performance with regard to environment (EMP monitoring) will be assessed by the EA and ADB until issuance of the Project Completion Report (PCR). The EA, through the Baise EPB, will continue periodic assessment of project performance after issuance, especially for the roads where the assessment period will be to year 2030 based on traffic volume forecast in 2030, which represents the worst case scenario.

Task Start Finish Period 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Date Date (Months) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Urban river rehabilitation and flood control Land acquisition and resettlement 9/2013 12/2014 16 Design and tender documentation 1/2014 6/2014 6 Tendering 7/2014 03/2015 10 River rehabilitation civil works 4/2015 3/2016 15 Stream improvement civil works 4/2015 6/2016 15 Urban transport and associated infrastructure Land acquisition and resettlement 9/2013 6/2015 22 Design and tender documentation 4/2014 6/2016 12 Tendering 1/2015 6/2016 6 Primary and secondary road construction civil works 10/2015 9/2017 24 Associated networks construction civil works 10/2014 6/2018 21 Bridge construction civil works 4/2015 9/2017 18 Construction of bus terminals 7/2015 12/2015 6

Community upgrading and development Land acquisition and resettlement 9/2013 12/2014 16 Design and tender documentation 3/2014 2/2015 12 Tendering 2/2015 1/2016 12 Social infrastructure construction 1/2016 6/2018 18

Capacity building and project 3/2014 10/2018 56 management Figure II.2: Construction Periods for Project Components

Source: Project Administration Manual (PAM), August 2013.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Rationale

56. Background. Baise is a medium-sized city located in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi)—one of the twelve less developed western provinces and autonomous regions supported by the Government under the National Strategy for Development of the West (NSDW). Baise municipal government (BMG) has 1 urban district and 11 counties under its jurisdiction. 10 are classified as national poverty counties and 2 as regional poverty counties of Guangxi.

57. The city proper of Baise is located in a valley along the Youjiang River—the upper stream of the Pearl River. The local economy used to be isolated by the surrounding mountains from major national and international markets. A small number of enterprises established by the government in 1950s and 1960s were the pillar of the urban economy for decades. Since the late 1990s, Baise has entered into a period of rapid development mainly because of the enormous investments made by the government under the NSDW to improve the infrastructure and market connectivity in the less developed western PRC.

58. The Baise Municipal Government has decided to close down outdated and polluting industries in the city (mainly located in the Dongsun sub-district, the project area). This is reflected in the Baise City Urban Master Plan (2010-2030), which has designated the functions of the future Dongsun sub-district to be for dwelling and leisure greenery. The Plan suggests that the industries in Dongsun sub-district be shot down, and relocated to make way for dwelling, commercial and leisure greenery developments. 18 Such designation basically fits the city’s overall development need, and lays the foundation for urban renewal in the Dongsun sub-district.

59. Dongsun sub-district. Industries in Dongsun were developed in the 1950s and 1960s, when a number of state-owned enterprises (SOE) built factories and worker dormitories. The population in the sub-district is about 8,700, 80% of which is associated with the enterprises located there. The remainders live in six grass-root villages that together make up the Dongsun administrative village. Industrial facilities include a coal mine, nitrogen fertilizer factory, electro-motor plant, thermal power plant, township smelter and paper mill. Figure III.1 shows the locations of these industrial facilities.

18 Three new industrial parks with high environmental management standards are under development in Baise.

Coal Mining Area Township (underground) Smelter including Offices

Electro-motor Paper Mill Thermal Power Nitrogen Factory Plant Fertilizer Plant

Figure III.1: Industrial Facilities in Dongsun Sub-district

60. For years these enterprises anchored the urban economy of Baise, providing jobs for workers in the nearby housing areas as well as other parts of Baise city. The low production efficiency of these plants became increasingly apparent during the 1980s and 1990s, which jeopardized their survival in a competitive market. As a result, some facilities ceased production, while others were sold or leased to private enterprises. Today only the coal mine, nitrogen fertilizer plant, and electro-motor factory continue to operate.

61. Environmental pollution. As in many state-owned industrial facilities and industrial areas in the PRC, environmental management has been substandard in Dongsun since the 1950s. Industrial production has released organic and inorganic contaminants into the soil, Dongsun Stream and Youjiang. An environmental site assessment (ESA) conducted in the framework of the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) identified type, location and magnitude of industrial pollution in the Dongsun subdistrict.19 Figure III.2a shows the contaminated areas identified during the ESA. Areas showing exceedance of the screening value will require intervention, such as soil remediation;

19 Gong Y. Y., L. Jiang and W. H. Zhang. 2011. Guangxi Baise integrated urban environment rehabilitation – Baise industrial park redevelopment demo project. Final report submitted to the Asian Development Bank.

while the areas showing non-exceedance of the screening value will not require intervention.20 The assessment, which followed internationally accepted methodology (ASTM Phase I and II 21) concluded that:

(i) soil contamination in the Dongsun subdistrict is moderate and limited to localized areas and mainly associated with on-site coal yards, coal and fly ash storage areas, and three smelter sites;

(ii) contaminants found included mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH);

(iii) no PCBs and dioxins were identified in soil and river sediments; and

(iv) the potential exposure pathways to public include soil ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation of soil dust. Access to the (moderately) contaminated sites is strictly controlled and restricted, the risk to residents living nearby these sites is not significant. The assessment concludes that it is safe for the residents to live nearby the sites pending their eventual clean-up.

Figure III.2a: Potentially contaminated areas (red dots)

20 At present, the PRC does not have an official set of soil screening values for risk assessment of sites. Dutch intervention values for soil are generally used in environmental site assessment (ESA) practice. When the values for site contaminants are not available in the Dutch intervention set, US EPA soil screening levels, or the Exhibition Land Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation Standard instead (HJ 350-2007), have been used in the ESA for the industrial sites in Dongsun. 21 ASTM International. 2005. ASTM E1527-05 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. ASTM International. 2002. ASTM: E 1903–97 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process.

62. The results of the ESA were used to delineate areas with potentially contaminated soil (Figure III.2b). Interventions by ADB in this project will not intrude onto any of the industrial sites with potential soil contamination. BMG will undertake all further soil sampling and testing to map the contaminated areas within these industrial sites and will also undertake soil remediation in the contaminated areas within these sites. The phase I consultants have provided guidance on (i) detailed survey requirements; (ii) pollution clean-up or containment approaches and cost estimates; and (iii) safeguards requirements.

Figure III.2b: Location of industrial sites (brown) in relation to project facilities

63. Project impact and outcome. The impact of the project is the sustained urban development of Baise towards an environmental friendly and livable city. The project outcome is an environmental friendly demonstration urban community in the Dongsun project area. The project includes four indicative outputs, as summarized in Table III.1, and described in the following sections.

Table III.1: Overview of Project Components No. Component Scope 1 Urban river rehabilitation and flood Construct 4.2 km of embankment along the left bank of Youjiang control Rehabilitate 3.966 km of Dongsun Stream with dredging and embankment construction Construct 2 water gates on Dongsun Stream 2 Urban transport and associated Construct 11.273 km of roads infrastructure Construct 4 bridges crossing Dongsun Stream Install water supply and storm water and wastewater collection pipelines along the road alignment 3 Community upgrading and Construct a 850 m2 community service center development Construct a 3,000 m2 farmers market Construct a 50 t/d capacity solid waste transfer station 4 Capacity building and project Provide institutional development and capacity building in management integrated urban development, ecological restoration, community development, deconstruction of industrial facilities, contaminated site assessment and remediation, and project management to ensure effective implementation of the project and sustainable O&M of the project facilities

B. Challenges addressed by the Project

64. Water quality and flood control challenges. The Dongsun sub-district is located to the west of the main urban area of Baise City (see Figure I.2). There are two rivers that flow through the sub-district: the Youjiang (You River) and the Dongsun Stream (see Figure I.2 and Figure II.1). Youjiang flows along the south and west boundaries of the sub-district. Dongsun Stream flows across the district from the northwest to the southeast then into Youjiang.

65. Both Youjiang and Dongsun Stream have been receiving inadequately treated domestic and industrial wastewater, resulting in deteriorating water quality. Municipal infrastructure in Dongsun is rudimentary. In the absence of piped wastewater collection, most dwelling units use septic tanks to treat wastewater. Maintenance of the septic systems is minimal. Industries operating in this area discharged industrial wastewater without adequate treatment. These have caused increasing levels of COD, BOD and permanganate index, and decreasing levels of DO jeopardizing the survival of aquatic fauna.

66. Flooding in the Youjiang basin is typically caused by storm water, and the flood season is from May to September. The flood has a single peak pattern with fast rising and long receding of water level. The flood duration is typically 7-10 days. The current flood control capacity is low: In the project area, the Youjiang flood control embankment has not been built as planned, resulting in flood control capacity being unable to meet standard requirement of 1-in-50 year return period storm events. The Dongsun Stream is used as a drainage channel of the storm water from the mountains and also as

Dongsun’s storm water drainage channel. However the narrow cross-section, together with overgrown vegetation and severe siltation has limited its capacity of flow regulation and drainage and have posed serious threat to the flood safety of the sub-district. Figure III.3 shows areas within Dongsun sub-district that are susceptible to urban waterlogging. Figure III.4 shows the existing conditions of Dongsun Stream.

Elevation 122-125 m

Elevation 130-131 m Figure III.3: Areas in Dongsun Sub-district susceptible to Waterlogging

67. The provision of embankments on Youjiang, rehabilitation of Dongsun Stream through dredging and widening of the stream and provision of embankment, and wastewater interception by installing wastewater collection pipelines as part of the urban roads and transportation component in this project will improve the water quality and flood control ability of Youjiang and Dongsun Stream.

Narrow Cross-section

Muddy water from soil erosion & siltation

Drain

Overgrown Vegetation

Figure III.4: Existing Conditions of Dongsun Stream

68. Urban transportation challenges. The present population of Dongsun sub-district is 8,690. According to the planning research report for Dongsun prepared during Phase 1 of the PPTA22, the population for Dongsun sub-district is expected to reach 34,000 by 2030, and the sub-district’s function is for mixed residential and commercial growth. At present the main road in the sub-district is Dongsun Road, a Class III road that functions as the main artery linking the sub-district to the outside, including the main urban area. The existing road network is under-developed with seriously damaged pavement and poor alignment, inadequate to serve the planned population growth and increased residential and commercial activities internally, and inadequate in linkages with other sub-districts externally. Figure III.5 shows the existing condition of Dongsun Road.

22 Wang W. Q. 2010. Guangxi Baise Dongsun Area integrated urban environment rehabilitation project – Planning research. Report submitted to the Asian Development Bank.

Cracks No Pedestrian Lane No Non-motorized Vehicle Lane

Figure III.5: Existing Condition of Dongsun Road

69. Intervention from this project will improve the intra- and inter-connectivity of the road network as well as the road conditions in the Dongsun sub-district. During road construction, water supply and wastewater collection pipelines will be installed alongside the road alignment, which will have social and environmental benefits.

70. Community facilities. Existing infrastructures in the Dongsun sub-district are generally poor and the social services are undeveloped. The municipal infrastructure, cultural and educational facilities, health care system and community service system cannot meet the future demand for modern public services. The traditional market place has aging facilities. Farm products are sold on the streets (Figure III.6). The number of garbage cans and garbage collecting sites in communities of the Dongsun sub-district are not enough and the modus is too simple (just placed in the open). Open dumping of the garbage is common (Figure III.7), causing environmental sanitation and public health problems as well as polluting and clogging the drainage ditches and Dongsun Stream. Intervention from this project will improve community facilities through the provision of a community service center, a farmers market, and a solid waste transfer station.

Figure III.6: Street-side Produce and Meat Market

Figure III.7: Open Garbage Dumping near the Banks of Dongsun Stream

C. Component 1: Urban River Rehabilitation and Flood Control

71. This component includes the construction of embankments along the left bank of Youjiang and the rehabilitation of Dongsun Stream (see Table III.1). The embankments on the left bank of Youjiang will protect the Dongsun sub-district against flooding during 1-in-50 year storm events. Rehabilitation of Dongsun Stream will include dredging of stream sediment to deepen and widen the stream, constructing embankments on both banks, and installing two water gates. This will improve Dongsun Stream’s flow capacity for protection against urban waterlogging during 1-in-20 year storm events. Figure III.8 shows the embankment section on Youjiang and Figure III.9 shows the rehabilitation section on Dongsun Stream.

Road

Embankment Construction

Figure III.8: Location of embankment construction on Youjiang

Rehabilitation

Figure III.9: Location of Dongsun Stream Rehabilitation

72. Embankment on Youjiang. The riverbank slope elevation is relatively high for this segment of Youjiang, with the top elevation between 120 m and 135 m, which is higher than the control water level at the same chainage (ranging from 119 m to121.4 m) for 1-in 50 year floods. The riverbank embankment adopts a “slope revetment” design in accordance with the Approval of the Baise City Urban Area Flood Control Engineering and Planning Report (Revision) by the Guangxi Department of

Water Resources. A 3.5 m wide waterfront platform has been designed at 117.00-116.61 m elevation. Above the platform, the design will keep the original vegetation, except in places with steep slope where the natural slope will be excavated to form gentler slopes (1:1.5) and the 3-dimensional vegetation net will be used for slope stabilization. Below the platform, steel mesh gabion will be used, with a 300 mm thick filter layer underneath. The slope bottom will be equipped with steel mesh key wall, outside of which will be stone riprap for protection. The outside of the waterfront platform will have landscape planting, and stairs at intervals for public access to the water. On the top of the slope, a 6.4 m wide flood emergency passage way will be designed with asphalt pavement for maintenance and emergency response. Figure III.10 shows a typical cross-section of the Youjiang embankment.

Figure III.10: Youjiang Typical River Revetment Sectional Profile

73. Three sections of waterfront landscape will be provided along the embankment section of Youjiang. These are described below with artistic layouts shown in Figure III.11.

(i) Urban Vitality Section: A landscaped waterfront square to provide open space for leisure and recreational activities, with a waterfront promenade to enhance human interaction with the river. (ii) Sports and Leisure Section: A waterfront walking trail with exercise equipment provided at selected locations, with landscape to enhance leisure and scenic values. (iii) Aquatic Plant Section: Located at the upper reach of the embankment section where there is less human disturbance. Local vegetation will be preserved, supplemented by the planting of native and low maintenance trees, shrubs and aquatic plant species.

Urban Vitality Section

Sports & Leisure Section

Aquatic Plant Section Figure III.11: Youjiang Waterfront Greenery

74. Embankment on Dongsun stream. The section of Dongsun Stream to be rehabilitated is 3.966 km long and embankment will be constructed on both banks for urban waterlogging control and to protect against soil erosion. Total embankment length (both banks) is therefore 7.932 km. Table III.2 summarizes the embankment design for Dongsun Stream. Figure III.12 shows typical cross sections.

Table III.2: Embankment Design on Dongsun Stream Channel Bottom Blue Line Chainage Cross Section Embankment Type Width (m) Width (m) K0+000~K1+400 8 45 Slope (1:2) on both side Vegetated concrete revetment K1+400~K1+800 18 34 Vertical, 5 m retaining wall Mortar pebble retaining wall Mixed embankment, with 3.5 m Combination of slope and K1+800~K2+400 8 38 wide water front trail on both vertical ecological retaining sides wall K2+400~K2+800 18 34 Vertical, 5 m retaining wall Mortar pebble retaining wall Mixed embankment, with 3.5 m Combination of slope and K2+800~K3+000 8 38 wide water front trail on both vertical ecological retaining sides wall Slope with vegetation on both K3+000~K3+150 8 38~90 Ecological embankment sides Mixed embankment, with 3.5 m Combination of slope and K3+150~K3+966 8 38 wide water front trail on both vertical ecological retaining sides wall Source: FSR

Typical Cross Section with Vegetated Concrete Revetment

Typical Cross Section with Mortar Pebble Retaining Wall

Typical Cross Section with Combination of Slope and Vertical Ecological Retaining Wall

Figure III.12: Typical Cross Sections and Embankment Types on Dongsun Stream

75. Water gates on Dongsun stream. Two water gates will be installed for water retention during the dry season to maintain the scenic value of the stream. One gate will be installed at chainage K1+500 and the other at K2+500. Both will be steel gates with a height of 4 m.

76. Dredging and disposal of Dongsun stream sediment. The stream will be widened by excavation to accommodate embankment construction and deepened by dredging to improve its drainage capacity for 1-in-20 year storm events. The quantities of spoil produced are shown in Table III.3. Excavated spoil will be reused for backfilling and landscaping, but dredged sediment of 60,000 m3 will need disposal.

Table III.3: Quantities of Spoil Produced in Dongsun Stream Rehabilitation Type Depth (m) Length (km) Quantity (m3) Excavation 2 4.0 120,000 Dredging 1.5 4.0 60,000 (wet) Source: FSR

77. A vacant field has been selected for disposal of dredged sediment from Dongsun Stream. This field is located near the east bank of Dongsun Stream at chainage K3+150 ∼ K3+250 (Figure III.13). The size for this dredged sediment disposal site will be 100 m x 60 m, dug to a depth of 2.50 m. The excavated soil will be used to form a 2.5-m high soil berm around the perimeter of the site to block off storm water runoff over the site. The site will be divided into 4 cells each having a storage capacity of 7,000 m3. Dredged sediment will be deposited into these cells in sequence. Figure III.14 shows the cross-sectional view of the dredged sediment disposal site.

Disposal Site

Figure III.13: Location of the Dongsun Stream Dredged Sediment Disposal Site

Figure III.14: Cross-sectional View of the Dredged Sediment Disposal Site

78. The need for leachate control at the disposal site depends on the sediment quality. Baseline monitoring of Dongsun Stream sediment, which will be presented later in this report, showed that the sediment quality at the monitoring locations complied with Class II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995) on both heavy metals and pesticides, indicating that the dredged sediment is suitable for agricultural and planting use. Therefore, geo-membrane lining for leachate control at the disposal site is not an absolute necessity, and the dredged sediment after air-dried can be used for planting on-site or in other locations.

79. The dredged sediment will be allowed to settle in the storage cells. If needed, flocculants will be added to facilitate precipitation. Supernatant water will overflow to a vertical collection sump, then through a drain pipe to the wastewater collection sump at the North 2nd Ring Road. The water quality parameter of concern is suspended solids (SS) in the supernatant water, and PRC’s Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater (CJ 3082-1999) provides SS control standard (400 mg/L) for discharging into public sewers leading to WWTP. Figure III.15 shows the design of supernatant water discharge point. The BEMC will monitor SS concentration of supernatant water to confirm compliance with CJ 3082-1999 (as defined in the monitoring plan, see Appendix EMP).

Figure III.15: Design of Dredged Sediment Disposal Site Supernatant Water Discharge Point

80. Two methods will be adopted to dredge bottom sediment in the Dongsun Stream: dry dredging and grab dredging. These are described below.

81. Dry Dredging: This method will be adopted in shallow water sections of Dongsun Stream at chainage K1+800 ∼ K3+200. Dry dredging involves constructing upstream and downstream barriers (e.g. a cofferdam or an earth bund) along a section of the stream to be dredged. The length of this section may vary from 300 m to 500 m. Water inside the barriers will be pumped out or diverted away. Sediment will be removed by either manual labor or by mechanical dredging which is an excavation

operation similar to conventional earth moving. Removed sediment will be loaded onto trucks with containers that could be closed and sealed during transport to the disposal site.

82. Grab Dredging: This method will be adopted in deep water sections of Dongsun Stream at chainage K0+000 ∼ K1+800 and K3+200 ∼ K4+000, where a barge equipped with a mechanical grabbing device could be deployed (Figure III.16). The grab will be lowered into the water to remove bottom sediment from the stream. Similarly, the dredged sediment will be transported to the disposal site in sealed containers.

Figure III.16: Mechanical Grab Dredging Device

D. Component 2: Urban Roads and Associated Infrastructure

83. Roads. This component consists of constructing roads, bridges, water supply pipelines and storm water and wastewater collection pipelines (see Table III.1). Table III.4 describes the proposed roads in this project and Figure III.17 shows their locations in the Dongsun sub-district. All are new roads except Dongsun Road, which is an existing road to be widened from 12 m to 40 m and upgraded from Class III road to primary trunk road Class II in this project.

Table III.4: Roads proposed to be funded by ADB Redline Road Road No. Name of Road Width Length Carriageway Road Classification Speed (m) (m) (km/h) 1 Dongsun Road (No. 1) 40 2,596 Dual 3 lane Primary trunk Class II 50 2 Planned No. 2 Road 28 2,100 Dual 2 lane Primary trunk Class II 40 3 Planned No. 3 Road 24 2,875 Dual 2 lane Secondary trunk Class II 30 4 Planned No. 4 Road 24 1,885 Dual 2 lane Secondary trunk Class II 30 5 Planned No. 7 Road 24 1,010 Dual 2 lane Secondary trunk Class II 30 6 Planned No. 17 Road 16 203 Dual 1 lane Tributary Class II 20 7 Planned No. 18 Road 16 143 Dual 1 lane Tributary Class II 20 8 Planned No. 19 Road 16 216 Dual 1 lane Tributary Class II 20 9 Planned No. 20 Road 16 245 Dual 1 lane Tributary Class II 20 Total: 11,273 Source: FSR

Figure III.17: Location of Roads to be funded by ADB

84. Figure III.18, Figure III.19 and Figure III.20 show the standard cross-sections of primary trunk roads, secondary trunk roads and tributary roads respectively, with pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle lanes. Pavement will be asphalt concrete.

Dongsun Road

Planned No. 2 Road Figure III.18: Standard Cross-section of Primary Trunk Roads

Planned No. 3 Road Figure III.19: Standard Cross-section of Secondary Trunk Roads

Figure III.20: Standard Cross-section of Tributary Roads

85. Bridges. Four bridges crossing the Dongsun Stream will be constructed. Table III.5 summarizes relevant information for these bridges and Figure III.21 shows their locations. Photomontages of these bridges as illustrated in the FSR are shown in Figure III.22.

Table III.5: Summary of the Proposed Bridges Crossing Dongsun Stream Name of Bridge Bridge Span (m) Width (m) Description Dongsun Road Bridge 25 40 New simple beam slab bridge Planned No. 2 Road Bridge 20 28 New simple beam slab bridge Planned No. 20 Road Bridge 20 16 New simple beam slab bridge Park Avenue Bridge 20+50+20 24 New simple beam + girder arch bridge Source: FSR

Planned No. 20 Road Bridge

Planned No. 2 Road Bridge

Dongsun Road Bridge

Park Avenue Bridge

Figure III.21: Location of Bridge Crossings over Dongsun Stream

Dongsun Road Bridge Planned No. 2 Rd N. Bridge

Planned No. 20 Rd Bridge Park Avenue Bridge

Figure III.22: Photomontage of Bridge Crossings over Dongsun Stream

86. For bridge construction, standard methods and equipment will be adopted. The bridge structures are all common and standard upper structure forms. Nearly all base schemes of the bridges will adopt drill pouring pile. Superstructure will be precast and then suspended and installed. This is a prevalent and mature construction method in the PRC. Bridge construction is not expected to confront serious construction difficulties.

87. Traffic Demand Forecast. Traffic demand has been estimated for years 2015, 2020 and 2030.The demand forecast was based on 2009 traffic census on the percentages of different vehicle types on the roads and the estimated number of person trips per day for different types of land use. Since traffic volume in 2030 is the highest among these years thus representing the extreme case, peak hour traffic volume in 2030 was adopted for impact assessment in this report (Table III.6). The FSR adopted a factor of 14% to convert the daily traffic volume to peak hour traffic volume.

Table III.6: Peak Hour Traffic Volume in Year 2030 (unit: number of vehicles per hour) Vehicle Type No. Name of Road Motor Cycle Small Size Medium Size Large Size 1 Dongsun Road 3011 2510 67 4 2 Planned No. 2 Road 1436 1196 32 2 3 Planned No. 3 Road 1412 1176 31 2 4 Planned No. 4 Road 1279 1066 28 2 5 Planned No. 7 Road 1100 916 24 1 6 Planned No. 17 Road 351 293 8 0 7 Planned No. 18 Road 320 266 7 0 8 Planned No. 19 Road 374 312 8 0 9 Planned No. 20 Road 36 30 1 0

Note: Small Size = < 3.5 t, Medium Size = 3.5 t ∼ 12 t; Large Size = > 12 t;

Source: EIR

88. Pipelines for Water Supply, Storm water Collection, and Wastewater Collection. The project will provide primary and secondary water supply and wastewater network. The pipes will be laid in the road rights-of-way curing the road construction process and prior to surfacing of the road. The project will not finance tertiary connections from the project roads to tertiary roads or individual plots; those improvements will be financed by others at a later date. These pipelines will be constructed along the proposed project roads. Table III.7 summarizes their quantities and Figure III.23 shows the alignments. Pipe materials will include high density polyethylene (HDPE) double wall corrugated pipes, ductile iron pipes, steel pipes, unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes, and reinforced concrete pipes. These will be connected to city level systems and facilities described in Chapter IV under socio-economic conditions.

Table III.7: Pipelines for Water Supply, Storm Water Collection and Wastewater Collection along Road alignments. Length of Pipeline (m) No. Name of Road Water Supply Storm Water Wastewater 1 Dongsun Road 2,700 2,700 150 2 Planned No. 2 Road 1,950 2,000 2,000 3 Planned No. 3 Road 2,400 2,150 2,350 4 Planned No. 4 Road 1,200 1,100 1,750 5 Planned No. 7 Road 1,050 1,150 950 6 Planned No. 17 Road 200 200 200 7 Planned No. 18 Road 150 150 150 8 Planned No. 19 Road 250 200 200 9 Planned No. 20 Road 300 200 200 Total: 10,200 9,850 7,950 Source: FSR

Water Supply Pipelines DN400

DN1000

DN300

DN200

Storm Water Collection Pipelines

Wastewater Collection Pipelines

Figure III.23: Pipeline Alignments

E. Component 3: Community Upgrading and Development

89. This component will include the provision of a community service center, a market and a solid waste transfer station.

90. Community service center. A community service center will be built near the central Dongsun sub-district, which will include a class room for community residents, an entertainment and sports activities room, a training room, an education and coaching center for the youth, a library and reading room, an arts room, a meeting room and offices. The community center will have a constructed area of 850 m2, on a land area of 500 m2. It will provide local residents with social affairs service, so as to meet the demand of community services in the urbanization of the area. Figure III.24 shows a photomontage of the community service center.

Figure III.24: Photomontage of the Community Service Center

91. Market. A farmer market will be established in the northwestern section of the Dongsun sub-district, near a primary trunk road and in the vicinity of the business center and community center. It is expected to deal mainly with agricultural products and agro-processing products as well as petty commodities. With a constructed area of 3,000 m2, it will provide 30 storefronts and 60 stalls. It will improve the existing inefficiently managed markets which have outdated and inadequate facilities, aging equipment and poor sanitary conditions. Figure III.25 shows photomontages of the farmers market.

Fish & Seafood Section Produce Section

Figure III.25: Photomontages of the Farmers Market

92. Solid waste transfer station. The project will finance one solid waste transfer station. The project will not finance solid waste collection or disposal. The FSR estimated that for a long-term population of 34,000 in the Dongsun sub-district with a per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 1.0 kg/d, the MSW quantity will average 34.0 t/d, or 12,400 t/a. The FSR also estimated the composition of MSW from Dongsun sub-district, which would have a moisture content of 48.3% and a weight to volume ratio of 426 kg/m3, dominated by kitchen/food waste (44.7%) and soil materials (30.2%). Based on the above, a solid waste transfer station will be installed with a 50 t/d handling capacity for an operational period of 20 years. The transfer station will occupy a site area of 1,000 m2 with a constructed area of 582 m2, plus a parking area of 500 m2.

93. Two locations were evaluated for siting the solid waste transfer station. The site north of the intersection of Dongsun Road and Planned No. 3 Road was selected over the site near the intersection of Dongsun Road and Planned No. 19 Road. The main reasons were that site formation cost at the first location would be lower and that the transport of solid waste from the first location to the landfill would avoid going through the whole sub-district. The distance between the planned transfer station and the next resident is more than 100m.

94. The compression and loading process will adopt the direct horizontal compression and loading technology. The transport vehicles will adopt detachable container garbage collector i.e. hook arm garbage truck, which are commonly used in the PRC. The transfer station will have dust removal using

the spray system plus gravity sedimentation technique, and odor removal using chemical spray plus activated carbon adsorption. Wastewater and leachate generated during transfer station operation will be discharged directly to public sewer.

95. MSW will be taken from the transfer station to Baise City’s sanitary landfill, which is approximately 10 km from the transfer station. The sanitary landfill is located along the Baise-Panshui Road opposite Nabi Brickyard, 3 km from Baise. Phase 1 of this sanitary landfill has an operational life span of 8 years and occupies an area of 16.86 ha, with 8.23 ha reserved for waste disposal providing a disposal capacity of 590,000 m3 and able to handle 230 t/d solid waste. The landfill is lined with HDPE geo-membrane for leachate control, and has separate storm water and wastewater drainage systems. The leachate is collected and treated with UASB-MBR-activated carbon process with a treated capacity of 200 t/d and effluent meeting Class II standard in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Pollutant Control Standard (GB 16889-1997). Phase 2 of this sanitary landfill is located next to Phase 1, on 6.06 ha land with a solid waste disposal capacity of 1.4519 million m3 and a handling capacity of 240t/d, for an operational life span of 12 years. Leachate treatment is similar to Phase 1 but improved, with 200 t/d treatment capacity and effluent meeting Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Pollutant Control Standard (GB 16889-2008).

F. Component 4: Capacity Building and Project Management

96. This component provides institutional development and capacity building in integrated urban development, community development and project management to ensure effective implementation of the project and sustainable O&M of the project facilities. It will include a strong environment, health and safety dimension, consisting of trainings related to construction site best environmental practice, occupational health and safety during construction and operation, traffic safety, deconstruction of industrial facilities, and remediation of contaminated industrial sites (brownfield management).

97. With regard to brownfield management, the project will provide technical assistance and training to BDIG in remediation of contaminated soils with a view to minimizing environmental risks in Dongsun during and after area development. Specifically, one international and one national brownfield remediation specialist will be contracted to provide assistance to BDIG in (i) applying existing national draft guidelines for soil remediation and environmental cleanup; (ii) preparing a detailed soil remediation plan for Dongsun area that takes into account the national draft guidelines as well as international best practices in this area; and (iii) monitoring the implementation of the soil remediation plan. The specialists will also evaluate the application of the national draft guidelines to Dongsun area, and prepare a short report identifying strengths and weaknesses for consideration by the national Ministry of Environment and other parties involved in finalizing the guidelines.

98. With regard to community development, the project will contribute to strengthening the existing Dongsun Neighborhood Committee to be able to represent the entire population of Dongsun in

the area rehabilitation process. This will involve strengthening the capacity of the organization through technical assistance. In addition, technical assistance will be provided to BMG for development of the policy regulatory framework for community development. Consultants will be hired to carry out the following tasks: (i) assess the existing capabilities of Dongsun Neighborhood Committee (DNC); (ii) prepare and implement an institutional development plan that focuses on administration, financial management, community outreach, formulation of development plans, and negotiation; and (iii) through a combination of training, technical assistance, and domestic study tours, strengthen the ability of DNC to represent local residents in dealings with BMG related to resettlement, housing development, and local economic development. In addition, the consultants will provide technical assistance to Baise Municipal Development and Reform Commission to improve the policy and regulatory framework for community development and local area rehabilitation. The intention is to define systems and procedures for greater community participation in the planning and implementation of such projects. This may include resettlement plans being prepared partially on the preferences and priorities of local residents that are consulted early in the planning process. These inclusive participation systems will also be applied to the local economic development process in Dongsun, as there is still scope for defining the specific economic sectors and types of economic activities to be promoted in Dongsun.

G. Institutional Arrangement for Construction and Operation

99. Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd (GBDIG), a BMG financing and implementing agency for urban infrastructure investments, is the project Implementing Agency (IA). This company will design and construct the works under the three technical components, own the assets under this project, and also will be responsible for operation and maintenance (O&M) of selected facilities.

100. Construction. To prepare and implement this project, GBDIG has set up the “Baise Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project Construction Headquarters (BPCH)” within the company. Under the Headquarters there are four sub-teams with various responsibilities:

(i) Fund Raising Team: prepare and submit the various files and other materials needed by the project, and review the usage of funds, and be responsible for the specific use, planning, management and auditing of funds;

(ii) Investment Planning Team: analyze the investment, calculation, and development plan of the business facilities referred to the project, and seek supports of related preferential policies from government;

(iii) Project Application and Procurement Team: carry out the PPTA, loan assessment, negotiation, signing, and selection of international consulting firm and bidding agency according to the national and ADB procedures. Organize the relevant departments to

complete the design and supervision of project, procurement of civil works and equipment;

(iv) Construction Management Team: take overall responsibility for managing project construction and representing the owner’s during the construction period.

101. Operation and maintenance. After the construction of the works, assets will be owned by GBDIG. Different kinds of assets will be operated and maintained by different institutes. Baise Municipal Administration Bureau (BMAB) will be responsible for the operation and maintenance of roads and bridges, greening, sanitation, lighting, and solid waste collection. GBDIG will be responsible for the operation and management of such commercial facilities as the market. The Baise Water Bureau (BWB) will be in charge of managing and maintaining the flood control works.

H. Linked Facilities

102. The project does not comprise typical associated facilities, as defined under ADB’s SPS (2009). There are no facilities that are not funded by the project, but whose viability and existence are entirely dependent upon the project, and whose goods or services are essential for the project’s successful operation. However, the project will require some external services to achieve the full environmental benefits envisaged by the project – the facilities or services are classified as linked facilities. Linked facilities include public utilities as the sanitary landfill that will take in the MSW from the solid waste transfer station, the wastewater treatment plant that will receive wastewater collected in the project sewers, and the water supply plant that will supply water in the project water supply network. These facilities provide services to the entire urban area, and thus do not qualify as associated facilities as their existence is not entirely dependent upon the project. The facilities are described in Chapter IV: Description of the Environment, Section D: Socio-economic Conditions, through a review of documentation and discussions with relevant agencies, which confirmed that the linked facilities complied with relevant standards and do not represent significant risks to the success of the project.

I. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Considerations

103. During the detailed design stage, the design of embankments on Dongsun Stream and Youjiang, road pavement and road drainage, and bridge structures will take into consideration adaptation to extreme weather events in particular extreme precipitation and flood events and extreme hot and cold weather. The project also considers climate change mitigation in terms of energy efficiency. According to the FSR, the following energy efficient features will be adopted.

104. Dongsun stream rehabilitation. High efficiency and low electricity consumption powered mechanical equipment will be used.

105. Roads and bridges. These will include the following features:

(i) Choice of environmentally friendly and low pollution materials, such as the use of re-cycled asphalt mixed with new asphalt for road surface and sub-surface paving.

(ii) Road paving will use asphalt with high porosity to facilitate better drainage and lower traffic noise. This will contribute to better fuel mileage for motor vehicles and better road safety during humid weather conditions.

(iii) Choice of prefabricated components for bridge construction to reduce energy consumption and pollution during construction.

(iv) Use of energy saving lighting on project roads and solar LED lighting for pedestrian crossing lights at intersections.

106. Buildings for community facilities. These will include the following features:

(i) Green roofs to improve on micro-climate and reduce heat island effect.

(ii) Solar hot water heaters.

(iii) Insulation materials on external walls and roofs.

(iv) Building design will maximize natural lights and ventilation, and the use of energy saving and water saving appliances.

(v) The solid waste transfer station will use low fuel consumption vehicles and compressors, energy efficient pumps and gravity flow wastewater collection system.

IV. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

A. General

107. The description of the pre-project baseline environment (physical, biological and socio-economic) establishes (i) the environmental setting within which the project will be implemented, and (ii) the environmental values which will be changed (either negatively or positively) as a result of the project. The scope of the baseline environmental surveys was determined by the kinds of components proposed, presence of environmental receptors and potential impacts.

108. In this project baseline environmental surveys have included air quality, noise, water quality, sediment and soil quality, and ecology within the project area of influence, or assessment area defined in Table II.8.

B. Physical Environment

109. Geographical location. The project area is the 2.8 km2 Dongsun sub-district, located within the Youjiang District of Baise municipality. Baise Municipality is located in the western part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) at latitudes 104o 28’ ~ 107o 54’ east and longitudes 22o 51’ ~ 25o 07’ north. It is the largest municipality in Guangxi, with a total administrative area of 36,300 km2. It borders Yunnan Province to the west, Guizhou Province to the north, Nanning City the capital of Guangxi to the east and Vietnam to the south. It is approximately 266 km from Nanning. The 11 counties under the jurisdiction of Baise are Pingguo, Tiandong, Tianyang, Tianlin, Debao, Jingxi, Napo, Lingyun, Leye, Longlin, and Xilin, with 10 of these classified as state-level poor counties.

110. Geology and topography. Baise is characterized by mountainous karst, located in the transition belt between the Yun-Gui Plateau and the Guangxi hills. Mountainous areas account for 95.4% of the terrain (with 65.4% stone mountains and 30% earth mountains), with hills and plains accounting for the remaining 4.6%. The Youjiang River Valley is made up of low hills, karst hills, mountains and alluvial terrain; soil types include clay and sandy clay, while the bedrock is mainly mudstone, conglomerate, shale, and sandstone. Baise’s terrain and topography could be classified into the following three types:

(i) Earth mountains in the north at elevations 500-1500 m;

(ii) Stone mountains of karst landform in the south at elevations 500-800 m. The area of stone mountains accounts for 21.31% of the total area of Baise Municipality; and

(iii) Youjiang Basin in the middle at elevations 100-300 m. It has an area of 2,628 km2, with 120

km in length and 5-20 km in width. Youjiang flows from west to east. Dongsun sub-district is located in the Youjiang Basin.

111. Seismicity. Baise is sensitive to seismic activities. Most recently, a Class 4.5 earthquake occurred on February 20, 2013 at the boundaries of Pingguo and Tiandong Counties in Baise Municipality. Comparing the basic seismic intensity of Baise Municipality with the Earthquake Parameters Zoning Map of China (GB 18306—2001), Earthquake Protection Classification Standard of Construction Works (GB 50223-2008) and Earthquake Protection Design Specification of Buildings (2010), project design for the Dongsun sub-district adopts seismic precautionary intensity of 7 degrees, a basic earthquake acceleration of 0.1 g, and a vibration response spectrum period of 0.35 s. The earthquake protection design of roads and bridges will also meet the design specification issued by the Ministry of Transportation. Heavily populated public buildings such as schools and hospitals will adopt one degree above the seismic precautionary intensity (i.e. 8 degrees).

112. Climate. Baise has subtropical seasonal monsoon climate, with long summer and short winter. Mild climate occurs in the mountainous regions to the north and south, while hot and dry in the Youjiang Basin. The lowest temperature is in January at average 13.4C; highest temperature in July at average 28.61C. The extreme highest temperature in past years is 42.5 C; the extreme lowest temperature in past years is -2C. Rainy season occurs from May to October, with frequent storm weather from June to September. Dry season occurs from November to April. Severe weather includes drought, flood, wind storm, extreme cold and hail. Of these, droughts and colds are more frequent; especially spring droughts whose frequency reaches 70-90%. Table IV.1 summarizes Baise’s climatic characteristics.

Table IV.1: Baise’s Climate

Annual average temperature 19.0 oC to 22.1 oC Highest temperature 36.0 oC to 42.5 oC Lowest temperature -2.0 oC to 5.3 oC Annual average sunshine 1,906.6 hours Annual average precipitation 1,114.9 mm Highest 24-hr precipitation 402.1 mm (in year 1973) Annual average evaporation 1,385.41 mm Frost free period 357 days Source: EIR

113. Ambient Air Quality. The PRC ranks air quality into 3 classes according to its Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996), with Class I being the best air quality and Class III the worst air quality. Typically, ambient air quality baseline monitoring for environmental impact assessment in the PRC consists of measuring the daily average concentration levels of total suspended particulates (TSP) and/or PM10 sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on seven consecutive days. For projects involving roads, carbon monoxide (CO) is usually included. The EIR for this project presented ambient air quality monitoring data on SO2, NO2, CO and PM10, collected at the Baise No. 4 Secondary School in

the Dongsun sub-district, from December 10 to December 16, 2012. Monitoring data is summarized in Table IV.2 below, in comparison with GB 3095-1996 Class II and World Bank Group EHS standards, showing compliance with Class II standards on NO2, SO2 and CO but exceedance on daily average

PM10 on the days of monitoring.

Table IV.2: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Baise No. 4 Secondary School in December 2012

3 3 3 3 NO2 (mg/m ) SO2 (mg/m ) CO (mg/m ) PM10 (mg/m ) Monitoring Date Highest Highest Highest Daily Avg Daily Avg Daily Avg Daily Avg 1-hr Avg 1-hr Avg 1-hr Avg 2012.12.10 0.019 0.014 0.007 0.004 <0.3 <0.3 0.204 2012.12.11 0.020 0.016 0.008 0.005 <0.3 <0.3 0.243 2012.12.12 0.018 0.015 0.009 0.006 <0.3 <0.3 0.231 2012.12.13 0.023 0.018 0.012 0.009 <0.3 <0.3 0.223 2012.12.14 0.022 0.017 0.010 0.008 <0.3 <0.3 0.218 2012.12.15 0.018 0.014 0.009 0.007 <0.3 <0.3 0.213 2012.12.16 0.019 0.015 0.007 0.006 <0.3 <0.3 0.221 GB 3095-1996 0.12 0.08 0.15 0.50 10.00 4.00 0.15 Class II Std World Bank Group

EHS Std Interim target ------0.125 ------0.150 AQG 0.200 ------0.020 ------0.050 Note: exceed GB 3095-1996 Class II and EHS interim target standards Source: EIR

114. Acoustic environment. Noise standards in the PRC are prescribed in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008). GB 3096-2008 categorizes 5 functional areas based on their tolerance to noise pollution: from Category 0 to Category 4. Category 0 is for areas with health recovery facilities that are the least tolerant to noisy environment and therefore has the most stringent day and night time noise standards. Category 1 is for areas predominated by residential areas, hospitals and clinics, educational institutions and research centers. Category 2 is for areas with mixed residential and commercial and industrial functions. Category 3 is for areas with industrial production and storage and logistics functions. Category 4 is for areas adjacent to traffic noise sources such as major roads and highways, and is sub-divided into 4a and 4b with the former applicable to road and marine traffic noise and the latter applicable to rail noise.

115. Typically, baseline noise monitoring for environmental impact assessment in the PRC consists of noise level measurements at sensitive receptors once in the day time and once in the night time each day for two consecutive days. Table IV.3 shows baseline noise monitoring data collected on December 12 and 13 in 2012 at two sensitive receptor locations, showing that noise levels measured at these locations and on these days complied with GB 3096-2008 day time and night time noise

standards for Functional Area Category 2, but night time noise at the nitrogen fertilizer plant dormitory on December 13, 2012 exceeded the more stringent EHS standard marginally.

Table IV.3: Baseline Noise Monitoring Results in 2012

Day Time Noise [LAeq in dB(A)] Night Time Noise [LAeq in dB(A)] Sensitive Receptor 2012.12.12 2012.12.13 2012.12.12 2012.12.13 Bureau of Mine Dormitory Community 51.2 50.8 43.1 42.5 Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant Dormitory 53.7 54.8 44.2 45.3 GB 3096-2008 Category 2 standard 60 50 World Bank Group EHS standard 55 45 Note: exceed EHS standard Source: EIR

116. Baseline noise monitoring was also conducted for a 24-hr period on each of the two days at two locations along Dongsun Road to determine traffic noise. These two locations were the Baise No. 4 Secondary School and the north boundary of the nitrogen fertilizer plant. Both are in Functional Area Category 4a since they were within 35 m of a major road. Monitoring results are shown in Table IV.4 for the Baise No. 4 Secondary School and Table IV.5 for the north boundary of the nitrogen fertilizer plant.

Table IV.4: Traffic Noise Monitoring Results at Baise No. 4 Secondary School in 2012

Monitoring Date: 2012.12.12 Monitoring Date: 2012.12.13

Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise

Time Small Medium Large Motor Total Level Small Medium Large Motor Total Level

Monitoring Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] 0000-0100 91 5 32 36 164 60.3 104 3 25 45 177 60.3 0100-0200 102 2 38 12 154 61.5 98 7 28 15 148 58.9 0200-0300 88 4 28 5 125 59.6 80 3 26 5 114 57.3 0300-0400 83 7 20 5 115 57.5 75 2 25 8 110 56.8 0400-0500 78 5 27 8 118 58.2 85 4 32 10 131 57.7 0500-0600 105 12 35 93 245 60.8 102 8 17 60 187 60.5 0600-0700 126 15 30 221 392 64.8 120 25 40 177 362 64.2 0700-0800 250 42 74 380 746 71.2 140 62 45 240 487 68.8 0800-0900 258 44 60 429 791 68.6 137 44 42 229 452 67.9 0900-1000 174 34 96 330 634 66.5 174 36 50 330 590 68.8 1000-1100 210 24 97 368 699 70.3 196 57 56 350 659 69.5 1100-1200 187 36 85 350 658 68.7 190 46 50 346 632 70.3 1200-1300 203 35 79 360 677 70.8 180 41 49 213 483 68.8 1300-1400 196 45 60 327 628 70.6 230 67 77 393 767 70.9 1400-1500 185 36 51 299 571 70.2 206 70 53 375 704 69.6 1500-1600 165 32 66 267 530 67.2 176 35 44 319 574 68.0 1600-1700 200 16 45 337 598 69.2 219 86 63 366 734 69.6

Monitoring Date: 2012.12.12 Monitoring Date: 2012.12.13

Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise

Time Small Medium Large Motor Total Level Small Medium Large Motor Total Level

Monitoring Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] 1700-1800 236 40 84 377 737 70.4 212 80 58 360 710 70.5 1800-1900 195 20 55 330 600 70.3 237 76 55 358 726 71.1 1900-2000 206 25 44 309 584 70.1 245 75 47 370 737 69.6 2000-2100 186 22 43 289 540 68.5 189 53 36 300 578 67.9 2100-2200 137 33 30 152 352 67.6 180 35 40 186 441 67.3 2200-2300 134 18 36 145 333 65.5 152 30 34 154 370 65.2 2300-0000 no data no data no data no data no data 63.3 no data no data no data no data no data 61.3 Day Time (0600-2200) Noise: 69.4 Day Time (0600-2200) Noise: 69.2 Night time (2200-0600) Noise: 61.8 Night time (2200-0600) Noise: 60.6 All Day Noise: 70.4 All Day Noise: 69.7 GB 3096-2008 Functional Area Category 2 standards: Day Time (0600-2200): 70 dB(A); Night Time (2200-0600): 55 dB(A) World Bank Group EHS standard: 70 dB(A) for both Day Time and Night Time exceed GB 3096-2008 Day Time and EHS standards; exceed GB 3096-2008 Night Time standard Source: EIR

Table IV.5: Traffic Noise Monitoring Results at North Boundary of Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant in 2012

Monitoring Date: 2012.12.12 Monitoring Date: 2012.12.13

Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise

Time Small Medium Large Motor Total Level Small Medium Large Motor Total Level

Monitoring Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] 0000-0100 132 0 24 35 191 63.9 118 3 24 28 173 62.3 0100-0200 112 0 25 20 157 63.6 112 2 20 15 149 61.8 0200-0300 95 2 23 8 128 60.5 95 2 18 8 123 59.5 0300-0400 70 3 30 5 108 60.6 84 0 30 5 119 58.3 0400-0500 75 3 38 5 121 61.2 88 3 27 8 126 59.9 0500-0600 110 5 32 40 187 62.5 98 5 32 35 170 62.3 0600-0700 132 12 28 326 498 65.0 126 10 35 285 456 64.9 0700-0800 240 42 36 528 846 72.3 210 32 40 435 717 66.8 0800-0900 180 45 36 420 681 72.6 150 40 32 320 542 66.5 0900-1000 150 12 54 270 486 68.4 175 20 42 355 592 67.8 1000-1100 198 72 72 372 714 71.5 215 64 68 405 752 69.9 1100-1200 192 60 60 300 612 68.9 245 50 73 460 828 69.6 1200-1300 198 30 72 420 720 71.3 195 32 45 398 670 67.9 1300-1400 200 50 73 450 773 70.6 212 45 68 485 810 71.3 1400-1500 220 42 65 456 783 68.2 240 38 51 443 772 70.3 1500-1600 180 60 62 312 614 67.3 186 45 54 345 630 67.6 1600-1700 206 48 45 440 739 70.5 225 59 58 418 760 70.6

Monitoring Date: 2012.12.12 Monitoring Date: 2012.12.13

Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise Traffic Count (Number of Vehicles) Noise

Time Small Medium Large Motor Total Level Small Medium Large Motor Total Level

Monitoring Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] Size Size Size Cycle Count [dB(A)] 1700-1800 217 53 59 390 719 71.3 245 48 68 445 806 70.2 1800-1900 240 60 54 420 774 70.6 270 54 62 454 840 70.5 1900-2000 234 54 57 398 743 70.9 214 62 52 425 753 70.9 2000-2100 210 50 55 336 651 69.2 185 30 48 316 579 68.2 2100-2200 150 20 47 120 337 67.5 205 32 37 295 569 67.5 2200-2300 127 5 28 60 220 67.2 190 28 35 195 448 66.3 2300-0000 no data no data no data no data no data 65.8 no data no data no data no data no data 63.7 Day Time (0600-2200) Noise: 70.2 Day Time (0600-2200) Noise: 69.1 Night time (2200-0600) Noise: 63.8 Night time (2200-0600) Noise: 62.5 All Day Noise: 71.7 All Day Noise: 70.5 GB 3096-2008 Functional Area Category 2 standards: Day Time (0600-2200): 70 dB(A); Night Time (2200-0600): 55 dB(A) World Bank Group EHS standard: 70 dB(A) for both Day Time and Night Time exceed GB 3096-2008 Day Time and EHS standards; exceed GB 3096-2008 Night Time standard Source: EIR

117. The following observations on traffic and traffic noise on Dongsun Road are made based on data collected on the two days at these two locations:

(i) Traffic on Dongsun Road was dominated by small size (<3.5 t) and large size (>12 t) vehicles during the night time, and by small size vehicles and motor cycles during the day time.

(ii) Night time noise exceeded the GB 3096-2008 standard for Functional Area Category 4a in all night time hours on both days at both locations. The highest exceedance was by 10.5 dB(A) at the Baise No. 4 Secondary School and by 12.2 dB(A) at the north boundary of the nitrogen fertilizer plant, both between 2200-2300 hr on December 12, 2012.

(iii) Combining both days, day time noise exceedance occurred 37.5% of the time at the Baise No. 4 Secondary School, with the highest being 1.2 dB(A) above the GB 3096-2008 standard.

(iv) Combining both days, day time noise exceedance occurred 46.9% of the time at the north boundary of the nitrogen fertilizer plant, with the highest being 2.6 dB(A) above the GB-2008 standard.

(v) It is apparent that the traffic flow will increase as a result of roads to be built under this project and the noise environment at these two sensitive receptors will get worse. Noise mitigation such as installation of double-glazed windows at these two noise sensitive receptors will be needed. Double glazed windows are capable of reducing noise levels by 15-25 dB(A).

118. Water System and Surface Water Quality. The two water bodies in the project’s area of influence are Youjiang and Dongsun Stream. The PRC’s Environmental Quality Standard for Surface

Water (GB 3838-2002) defines five water quality Categories for different environmental functions. Both Youjiang and Dongsun Stream have been assigned as Category III (see Table II.4) water bodies.

119. Youjiang is the upstream river of Yujiang, which is a primary tributary of Zhujiang (Pearl River). Youjiang flows from the northwest towards the southeast across Baise, and forms the southern and southeastern boundary of the Dongsun sub-district. The upstream of Youjiang is also called Tuoliangjiang. The river originates at the Yangmei Mountain in Guannan County of Yunnan province. It merges with Xiyangjiang after passing through Xilin and Tianlin Counties, and becomes Boyi River, then merges with Chengbi River at Baise and becomes Youjiang. It then merges with Zuojiang at the Song Village of Nanning Municipality and becomes the Yujiang.

120. Youjiang has a total length of 718 km. Its length within Baise Municipality is 465 km, with a catchment of 21,903 km2. The annual average flow rate in the Baise section is 277 m3/s and the incoming water volume is 8.74 billion m3. During the 2001 July flood, peak flood flow in Youjiang reached 5,410 m3/s. The normal water level in the section of Youjiang through Baise Municipality is 115.52~115.97 m. The water level for 1-in-50 year flood return is at 119.88~121.22 m. Embankment design adopts an elevation of 120~135 m.

121. Water quality in Youjiang is routinely monitored at a designated water quality profiling location by the Baise Environmental Monitoring Center (BEMC) under the Baise EPB. Table IV.6 presents the monitoring results in 2009, 2010 and 2011, indicating that Youjiang’s water quality met Category III standards in all three years based on the parameters measured.

Table IV.6: Youjiang Water Quality Monitoring Results

2009 2010 2011 GB 3838-2002 Categories Monitored In- In- In- Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Parameter between between between I II III IV V Season Season Season Season Season Season Season Season Season pH 7.76 8.02 7.94 8.24 7.98 7.85 7.9 8.02 8.05 6∼9 6∼9 6∼9 6∼9 6∼9

IMn mg/L 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 2.4 ≤2 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 ≤15 DO mg/L 5.2 8.1 5.8 5.8 7.4 5.2 6.2 6.8 5.5 ≥7.5 ≥6 ≥5 ≥3 ≥2

BOD5 mg/L 2 2 --- 2 2 --- 0.5 0.8 0.6 ≤3 ≤3 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 As mg/L 0.007 0.007 --- 0.007 0.07 --- 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.1 Cd mg/L 0.0001 0.0001 --- 0.0001 0.0001 --- 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 Cr6+ mg/L 0.004 0.004 --- 0.004 0.004 --- 0.004 0.004 0.004 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 Pb mg/L 0.001 0.001 --- 0.001 0.001 --- 0.001 0.001 0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 CN mg/L 0.001 0.001 --- 0.001 0.001 --- 0.001 0.001 0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2

NH3-N mg/L 0.101 0.025 0.04 0.1 0.21 0.12 0.094 0.126 0.116 ≤0.15 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 Hg mg/L 0.00005 0.00005 --- 0.00005 0.00005 --- 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 ≤0.00005 ≤0.00005 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 TPH mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 Volatile mg/L 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 Phenol Source: EIR

122. Dongsun Stream originates in the mountains to the north of the city and is a typical mountainous river with rugged terrain on both sides of the river and many steep slopes. It flows to the southeast across the Dongsun sub-district into Youjiang. The size of Dongsun Stream basin is 74.16 km2 with a natural slope of 0.062%. There is a small man-made pond in the upper reach which can function as flood storage and can also be used to regulate the flood peak.

123. Baseline water quality monitoring of Dongsun Stream for this project was conducted on three days in December 2012. Table IV.7 presents the monitoring results, showing that the water quality of Dongsun Stream at the three locations on the dates of monitoring was worse than Category V based on the parameters measured, due to high levels of COD, BOD5, nutrients and fecal coliform bacteria, indicative of anthropogenic sources of pollution.

Table IV.7: Dongsun Stream 2012 Water Quality Monitoring Results

Fecal

Monitoring Monitoring pH SS DO COD BOD5 NH3-N TN TP Coliform No. Location Date Bacteria (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (no./L) 1 200 m upstream of 2012.12.13 7.15 35 4.9 32 12.6 1.909 2.32 0.34 11000 the drainage ditch 2012.12.14 7.18 43 5 30 11.2 1.852 2.25 0.34 80000 2012.12.15 7.13 41 4.8 28 10.8 1.876 2.29 0.35 44000 2 50 m downstream 2012.12.13 7.08 33 5 52 18.6 2.118 2.46 0.45 9200 of the drainage 2012.12.14 7.11 44 5 50 17.6 1.909 2.35 0.31 34000 ditch 2012.12.15 7.09 39 4.9 47 15.8 2.045 2.39 0.38 46000 3 200 m downstream 2012.12.13 7.01 14 5.1 48 17.3 2.152 2.57 0.61 57000 of the drainage 2012.12.14 7.03 22 5.2 45 16.2 1.901 2.40 0.35 10000 ditch 2012.12.15 7.05 17 5 42 15.7 2.011 2.48 0.45 21000 Category II 6∼9 --- ≥6 ≤15 ≤3 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤0.1 ≤2000 Category III 6∼9 --- ≥5 ≤20 ≤4 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.2 ≤10000 GB 3838-2002 Standards Category IV 6∼9 --- ≥3 ≤30 ≤6 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 ≤0.3 ≤20000 Category V 6∼9 --- ≥2 ≤40 ≤10 ≤2.0 ≤2.0 ≤0.4 ≤40000 > Category V <6,>9 --- <2 >40 >10 >2.0 >2.0 >0.4 >40000 Source: EIR

124. Soil and Sediment Quality. Soil quality in the PRC is divided into three classes according to Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Class 1 represents the best and Class 3 the worst. Soil quality in the project area has been assigned to meet Class 2 standards, for the protection of agricultural products and human health.

125. The PRC does not have standard for sediments in waterways such as streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the sea. It is common practice in the PRC to use Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995) to assess sediment quality since most sediment would be disposed on land and mostly likely for future agricultural or planting uses. Some EIRs in the PRC have also used Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludges from Agricultural Use (GB 4284-84) for assessing sediment quality. The rationale being that the physical nature of river sediment is similar to sludge. GB 15618-1995 standards are more stringent than GB 4284-84. Therefore GB 15618-1995 will be used in this project

for assessing sediment quality, applying the same Class 2 standards for soil quality in the project area.

126. For this project, baseline soil quality monitoring was conducted at the proposed dredged sediment disposal site (see Figure III.13) and baseline sediment quality monitoring was conducted at three locations in Dongsun Stream. These locations were near a drainage ditch that used to receive industrial wastewater discharge, and are therefore indicative of potential industrial pollution in the stream sediment. Table IV.8 presents the soil and stream sediment monitoring results.

Table IV.8: Sediment and Soil Quality Monitoring Results in 2012

Moisture Lindane Monitoring TN TP Cu Zn Pb Cd Ni Cr As Hg DDT No. Content (666) Location % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg Sediment quality monitoring in Dongsun Stream 200 m upstream 1 7.2 290 488 26 93.4 50.6 <0.05 32 49.4 17.96 0.130 <0.005 <0.005 of drainage ditch 50 m downstream 2 8.5 700 614 36 106 63.7 <0.05 36 53.7 11.56 0.164 <0.005 <0.005 of drainage ditch 200 m 3 downstream of 6.8 510 606 27 93.0 43.7 <0.05 33 135.4 10.74 0.274 <0.005 <0.005 drainage ditch Soil quality monitoring at the dredged sediment disposal site 1 0-20 cm depth 5.8 240 301 28 58.6 38.8 0.55 29.3 28.7 9.18 0.142 <0.005 <0.005 2 60 cm depth 4.3 180 265 24 56.4 34.3 1.12 26.0 25.7 5.53 0.164 <0.005 <0.005 GB 15618-1995 Class 2 Standards ------100 250 300 0.30 50 200 30 0.50 0.5 0.5 (pH 6.5∼7.5) Source: EIR

127. Data in Table IV.8 show that the sediment quality at the three monitoring locations in Dongsun Stream complied with GB 15618-1995 Class 2 standards on heavy metals and pesticides, indicative of suitability for land disposal and for planting use. Nutrient (TN and TP) levels in the sediment of Dongsun Stream was moderate, compared to rivers such as those in the Chao Lake basin in Anhui Province where TN and TP levels in river sediments were found to be as high as 2,800 mg/kg23. Soil quality at the dredged sediment disposal site, however, showed exceedance in Cd levels compared to GB 15618-1995 Class 2 standard, and is explained in the EIR as indicative of high Cd background level in that area. Gong et al (2011) established a screening value of 12 mg/kg for Cd found in the soil on the industrial sites in the Dongsun sub-district. The levels of Cd in Table IV.8 were well below the screening value and no clean-up action is needed.

128. During the environmental site assessment described below (Gong et al., 2011), sediment samples were collected at the wastewater canal from the paper mill sewage treatment plant outlet leading to Dongsun Stream, and analysed for heavy metals and organics. Table IV.9 presents the results and comparisons with the screening values adopted for the assessment, indicating that the

23 Government of Anhui Province. 2012. Environmental Impact Assessment. People’s Republic of China: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project. Report prepared for the Asian Development Bank.

levels of inorganic and organic pollutants analyzed were below the screening values, requiring no clean-up action.

Table IV.9. Sediment Monitoring Results at Paper Mill Wastewater Canal in 2011

Sampling Location As Cd Cr Ni Pb Zn Cu Hg from the Paper Mill Sewage Treatment

Plant Outlet Dioxin Benzo(a)pyrene Organic Absorbable (AOX) Halogens Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg TEQ mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

200 m upstream 8.9 0.45 34.2 14.8 23.6 125 27.8 0.44 1.7∼3.6 <0.1 <5 <0.1

50 m downstream 5.9 0.28 16.3 8.7 17.8 150 16.4 0.56 0.7∼2.8 <0.1 <5 <0.1

200 m downstream 19.1 0.30 17.9 14.2 18.0 50.7 22.8 0.10 1.7∼3.6 <0.1 <5 <0.1

Screening Value

Sediment pH <6.5 75 5 600 100 300 2000 800 5 100 3 500 0.2 Sediment pH ≥6.5 75 20 1000 200 1000 4000 1500 15

Source: Gong et al. (2011)

129. Environment Site Assessment (ESA). In order to delineate areas with possible soil contamination, an environmental site assessment (ESA) was conducted in the framework of the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA). The ESA identified type, location and magnitude of industrial pollution in the Dongsun subdistrict. 24 Table IV.10 summarizes the ESA findings. The assessment, which followed an internationally accepted methodology (ASTM Phase I and II 25) concluded that:

(i) soil contamination in the Dongsun sub-district is moderate and limited to localized areas and mainly associated with on-site coal yards, coal and fly ash storage areas, and three smelter sites; (ii) contaminants found included mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); (iii) no PCBs and dioxins were identified in soil and river sediments.

24 Gong Y. Y., L. Jiang and W. H. Zhang. 2011. Guangxi Baise integrated urban environment rehabilitation – Baise industrial park redevelopment demo project. Final report submitted to the Asian Development Bank. 25 ASTM International. 2005. ASTM E1527-05 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. ASTM International. 2002. ASTM: E 1903–97 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process.

Table IV.10: Results of Environmental Site Assessment in the Baise Dongsun Industrial Park

Contaminated Area and Size of the Facility Sampling and Testing Contaminants that exceeded the Contaminated Screening Levels Area 14 soil samples for metals Coal yard contaminated with Hg and 8000 m2 Dongsun Thermal Power analysis PAH Plant [Note a] 8 soil samples for PAH Small smelter area contaminated 6000 m2 analysis with Mn 5 soil samples for metals Coal ash and slag storage area 500 m2 Baise Nitrogen Fertilizer analysis contaminated with PAH Plant 12 soil samples for PAH Small coal yard 3000 m2 analysis Large coal yard [Note b] 4000 m2 6 soil samples for metals analysis None. All values were below Guangxi Jiayi Paper Mill 0 1 soil sample for dioxin screening levels analysis 8 soil samples for metals Small smelter area contaminated analysis (6 only analyzed 3400 m2 with Mn Mn) Baise Electromotor 3 soil samples for PAH Factory analysis Mould room contaminated with PAH 700 m2 5 soil samples for TPH and TPH analysis 19 soil samples for metals 10 soil samples with Mn exceeding Baise Township Smelter analysis (17 only analyzed 2400 m2 the screening level Mn) 3 sediment samples for the following analyses: Metals Wastewater Canal Dioxin All were below screening levels 0 sediment Benzo(a)pyrene Absorbable organic halogens PCB Note: a - Conducted tests where transformers were stored. No indication of PCB contamination. b- No sample was collected and tested at the large coal yard. It was assumed by the study to be contaminated since the small coal yard was found to be contaminated.

Source: Gong, Jiang and Zhang (2011)

C. Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity

130. Current and future land use. Dongsun sub-district has an urban ecological setting given its rural-industrial makeup that has been influenced by industrial activities since the 1950’s and its close proximity to the urban center of Baise. Figure IV.1 shows the existing land use. Table IV.11 compares the existing and future land use.

Industrial Land Use

Agricultural & Forestry Land

Figure IV.1: Existing Land Use in Dongsun Sub-district

Table IV.11: Existing and Future Land Use in Dongsun Sub-district

Existing Land Use Future Land Use No. Type of Land Use Area (ha) Percentage Area (ha) Percentage 1 Residential 46.51 16.7% 66.32 23.8 2 Municipal management and services 7.43 2.7% 12.62 4.5% 3 Commercial service facilities 1.97 0.7% 18.42 6.6% 4 Industrial 65.81 23.6% 0 0% 5 Transportation facilities 5.23 1.9% 46.83 16.8% 6 Public facilities 3.57 1.3% 3.12 1.1% 7 Water 13.76 4.9% 6.65 2.4% 8 Agricultural and woodland 134.51 48.2% 52.14 18.7% 9 Greenery (parks) 0 0% 72.69 26.1% Total: 278.79 100% 278.79 100% Source: FSR

131. Table IV.11 shows that the existing land use is dominated by 23.6% industrial land and 48.2% agricultural land and woodland. In the future, there would not be any industrial land use and the agricultural land and woodland would be reduced to 18.7% but would be supplemented by 26.1% of landscaped green areas. However, it should be noted that this project, consisting of roads and bridges, river rehabilitation and community facilities, only contribute to part of the land use change. Engineering land take is estimated in the FSR to be approximately 56.2 ha, which is 20% of the size of the Dongsun sub-district.

132. Biodiversity. Review of Figure III.17 on the project road alignments and Figure IV.1 on existing land use shows that the project roads are located in constructed areas. Dongsun Stream has been influenced by human activities, such as a man-made pond in the upper reach for flood water retention (Figure IV.2). Its banks are either covered by overgrown vegetation or used for farming (see Figure III.4), and susceptible to illegal garbage dumping (see Figure III.7). Its poor water quality as shown in Table IV.6 is unlikely to sustain aquatic life of ecological significance or high biodiversity. The area for embankment construction on the left bank of Youjiang is in the flood plain of Youjiang, and is currently either overgrown with vegetation or taken up by opportunistic farmers (Figure IV.3) who plant crops during the dry season but would abandon the area during the wet/flood season.

Man-made Pond

Dongsun Stream

Figure IV.2: Man-made Pond on upper reach of Dongsun Stream

Figure IV.3: Opportunistic Farming on the Flood Plain of Youjiang

133. The ecosystems within the ecological assessment area could be characterized into 4 types:

(i) Shrub and grassland ecosystem. This ecosystem proportionally occupies small area within the assessment area, with low diversity of plant species and frequent human disturbance, and animals dominated by small birds, rodents and snakes, with frogs occurring in wet areas.

(ii) Farmland ecosystem. This is the dominant ecosystem within the assessment area. Due to continue disturbance by farming activities, animal species are few dominated by rats and racoons, with a few bird and snake species.

(iii) Urban ecosystem. This ecosystem is dominated by human with low diversity of plant and wild animal species.

(iv) River ecosystem. This ecosystem includes Dongsun Stream and Youjiang. As mentioned above, Dongsun Stream is unlikely to sustain aquatic life of ecological significance or high biodiversity due to its polluted state. Youjiang has comparatively a richer biological resources as described below:

a) Benthic fauna: Benthic fauna are animals that live on the surface or burrowed within the bottom sediment. The EIR reported 22 species of benthic fauna based on literature review, consisting of 2 species of annelids, 7 species of crustaceans and 13 species of aquatic insects. The average population density of benthic fauna was 645 individuals/m3 dominated by annelids (57%); while the average biomass was 21.8 g/m3 dominated by crustaceans (93%)

b) Fish: Ninety species of fish have been recorded in literature in Youjiang and its tributaries dominated by 70 species of Cypriniformes (carps and minnows). Major fish species in Youjiang are listed in Table IV.12.

Table IV.12: Major Fish Species in Youjiang

Scientific Name Common Name

Acrossocheilus iridescens 虹彩光唇鱼

Anguilla japonica Japanese Eel 鳗鲡

Barbodes caldwelli 刺鲃

Channa maculata Blotched Snakehead 斑鳢

Cirrhinus molitorella Mud Carp 鲮

Cranoglanis bouderius Helmet Catfish 长臀鮠

Ctenopharyngodon idellus Grass Carp 草鱼

Cyprinus carpio Common Carp 鲤

Erythroculter ilishaeformis White Fish 翘嘴红鲌

Erythroculter pseudobrevicauda Hainan Red 海南红鲌

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver Carp 鲢

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Bighead Carp 鳙

Scientific Name Common Name

Luciocyprinus langsoni Shuttle-like Carp 似鱤

Megalobrama skolkovii Bream 鲂

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Oriental weatherfish 泥鳅

Monopterus albus Swamp Eel 黄鳝

Mylopharyngodon piceus Black Carp 青鱼

Onychostoma gerlachi 南方白甲鱼

Onychostoma sima 珠江孵形白甲鱼

Parabramis pekinensis White Amur Bream 鳊

Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Yellow Head Catfish 瓦氏黄颡鱼

Ptychidio jordani 卷口鱼

Sinilabeo decorus 桂华鲮

Sinilabeo discognathoides 盆唇华鲮

Siniperca kneri Perch 大眼鳜

Spinibarbus denticulatus Chinese Phenoix Barb 倒刺鲃

Squaliobarbus curriculus Barbel Chub 赤眼鳟

Source: EIR

134. Protected sites. Literature review and site reconnaissance conducted for the EIR revealed that there is no protected area or nature reserves, and no record of rare, threatened, or endangered species within the project’s area of influence. The Chengbi River Nature Reserve Wetland (CBRNR) is located at the Chengbi Lake Reservoir 7 km to the northeast of Baise’s urban area and is outside the project’s area of influence. It is a forest-wetland-reservoir ecosystem covering an area (including the reservoir) of 39 km2 with the functions of biodiversity conservation, scientific research and eco-tourism. It was added to the list of important wetlands in the PRC in 2000. Due to the distance separation, CBRNR will not be affected by this project.

D. Socio-economic Environment

135. Socio-economic profile. The direct beneficiary area of the Project is the Dongsun area, bordering the Baise downtown area on the east, extending along Dongsun Road to the You River (Youjiang) on the west. Dongsun sub-district is located in the Youjiang District of Baise Municipality. Table IV.13 summarizes the socio-economic conditions of Youjiang District and Baise Municipality. The per capita GDP of Youjiang District is much higher than the averages of GZAR and Baise City, mainly because Youjiang District is the seat of the Baise Municipal Government and has better economic conditions. In Youjiang District, industry and the service sector account for a high proportion, and its proportion of agriculture is lower than those of GZAR and Baise City.

Table IV.13: Socio-economic Conditions of Youjiang District and Baise Municipality in 2010

Item Youjiang District Baise Municipality Population 320,100 3,826,300 Number of households (2009) 88,106 1,044,511 Non-agricultural population (2009) 126,168 490,222 Female population (2009) 172,128 1,928,965 Population density persons/km2 613 349 GDP million CNY 12,086.83 57,398.96 Primary industry million CNY 1,647.26 10,521.14 Secondary industry million CNY 6,541.49 31,397.37 Tertiary industry million CNY 3,898.08 15,479.96 Per capita GDP CNY 30,795 16,106 Financial revenue million CNY 621.08 7,231.77 Expenditure million CNY 815.87 13,767.38 Per capita water use Liter/day 276.27 209.79 Water supply coverage % 100 83.13 Gas supply coverage % 54.01 52.79 Per capita urban road area m2 14.01 10.81 Water pipeline density in built-up area km/km2 8.58 9.78 Sewer/storm pipe density in built-up area km/km2 7.76 8.21 Wastewater treatment rate % 24.50 43.46 Per capita park area m2 9.18 7.41 Number of secondary schools 25 200 Number of primary schools 113 1380 Number of kindergartens 82 708 Source: PPTA consultant

136. Poverty profile. Baise City is one of the 14 key poverty areas in the new round of development-oriented poverty reduction of the Guangxi autonomous region. Nine of Baise City’s 12 administrative subdivisions (counties and a district) are state-level key counties for

development-oriented poverty reduction, and two are region-level key counties for development-oriented poverty reduction (including Youjiang District). During the 12th Five-year Development Plan period, 506 poor villages were identified in Baise City, accounting for 16.9% of over 3,000 poor villages in Guangxi. Based on the current poverty standard of CNY2,300 (farmers’ net income), the city has a poor population of 1,695,000, accounting for 48.6% of the city’s rural population. Since the Dongsun area is located in the relatively developed outskirts, although poverty is not as serious as other parts of Baise City, there were 51 poor rural households with 169 persons in Dongsun Community, with a rural poverty incidence of 9.8% in 2011.

137. Population, ethnic minority profile. Dongsun sub-district has a population of 8,690 composed mainly of workers and retirees of local industrial enterprises and their families, and residents of six grass-root villages (Table IV.14. In 2010, 86.7% of Baise City's population was composed of ethnic minorities, in which Zhuang people accounted for 79.1%. 77.5% of Youjiang District's population was composed of ethnic minorities, in which Zhuang people accounted for 73.7%. These ethnic minorities are located mainly in five remote mountainous townships, 18 administrative villages, and 60 natural villages in Youjiang District. (Table IV.15).

138. The project area (Dongsun area) is under Beicheng Subdistrict, Youjiang District, Baise City, and GZAR. There are six village groups and 14 enterprises/public institutions in the Dongsun area. According to the Dongsun Community Committee, there are 8,694 residents in the Dongsun area; the area also has a floating population of about 2,100, mostly casual laborers at local enterprises. Among the total population of 10,794, 39.0% are Zhuang. However, the proportion of ethnic minorities among urban residents of Dongsun area (29%) is much lower than that among rural residents (83%) because many former enterprise employees came from other parts of China, and most of them are Han people.

139. The project sites are all located in the urban area, and there are no distinct ethnic minority communities living in the project site. The ethnic minorities in Dongsun are well integrated socially and economically into the broader urban population. Socioeconomic assessment concluded that in Dongsun area, Zhuang people exhibit no difference from Han people in clothing and diet; they are not unique, disadvantaged social and cultural groups; and their economic, social, and political institutions are largely consistent with those of the dominant ethnic group, the Han. Zhuang people enjoy equal rights in employment, remuneration, and political representation. The benefits of the project will accrue to the Zhuang people just as they will to the Han people.

140. The only significant negative impact of the project on the local ethnic minority population is related to land acquisition and resettlement. Both urban and rural local ethnic minority population will be resettled during project implementation to allow for construction of the roads and rehabilitation of the river and stream environments. Therefore, a combined REMDP has been prepared to define the measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the resettlement and ensure equitable compensation of affected ethnic minority households.

Table IV.14: Demographic Composition of Dongsun Sub-district Population

Category Name Population Total

Nitrogen fertilizer plant (will be closed) 1,200 People from enterprises Thermal power plant (ceased operation) 325 7,069 (employee, retiree plus Jiayi paper mill (ceased operation) 950 (81.3%) dependents) Electro-motor factory (will be closed) 1,141 Baise Bureau of Mine 3,453 Group 1 215 Groups 2 and 3 279 People from the 6 Dongsun 1,543 Group 4 311 grass-root villages (17.8%) Group 5 638 Group 6 100 Baise No. 4 Secondary School 54 78 Others Local police station 24 (0.9%) Total: 8,690 Source: Wang 201026

Table IV.15: Minority Population in the project area (2010)

Population Proportion (%) Division Ethnic Total Han Zhuang Yao Miao Yi Zhuang minorities

Baise 4,020,606 535,428 3,179,708 149,255 138,586 7,490 86.7 79.1 Youjiang 348,092 78,278 256,564 11,415 388 120 77.5 73.7 District Source: Data provided by the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau of Youjiang District

141. Community facilities and social services. There are only one primary school and one middle school in the project area, and the average number of students of a class in that middle school is 56; there are only 5 private kindergartens and there no public kindergarten. The number of educational institutions is basically enough to meet the need, but the quality of the buildings is poor. There is one health clinic in the area, with no hospitals. Although the clinic serves the residents in this region, it is under the management of Baise Bureau of Mines. Residents in Dongsun area need to go to public hospitals in the main urban area to get medical service.

142. The traditional market to the south of the Dongsun road can meet the basic needs of the residents' daily life, but the supporting facilities are inadequate and sanitary conditions poor. The

26 Wang W. Q. 2010. Guangxi Baise Dongsun Area integrated urban environment rehabilitation project – Planning research. Report submitted to the Asian Development Bank

newly- built sports stadium and relevant facilities in the residential community of Bureau of Mines are not fully utilized. There has been a lack of place for resident's activities. Other postal and medical service facilities are mainly concentrated on both sides of the Dongsun Road. Existing community facilities in the Dongsun sub-district are shown in Figure IV.4.

No. 4 Secondary School

Primary School

Kindergarten Post Office

Medical Clinic Market

Sports Stadium Dongsun Primary School

Figure IV.4: Existing Community Facilities in Dongsun Sub-district

143. Water supply. Baise has three water treatment plants (WTP) serving the urban area: Dongsun WTP, Chengbei (City North) WTP and Chengdong (City East) WTP. The total water supply capacity is 130,000 m3/d. Dongsun WTP uses Youjiang as its water source, while the other two WTPs use Chengbi Lake Reservoir as their water source. Chengbi Lake Reservoir is located approximately 7 km to the northeast of the urban area, with a storage capacity of 115.4 billion m3. It is a provincial level scenic area with the functions of water supply for potable and irrigation uses, hydropower generation and tourism.

144. The existing Dongsun WTP has a 40,000 m3/d design capacity, supplying potable water to Dongsun sub-district and the urban center via a DN600 pipeline along Dongsun Road. It is located adjacent to the industrial area and Youjiang. Because of land constraint, the existing WTP cannot be expanded. To accommodate future demand of 100,000 m3/d, a new WTP has been planned, which will be located just outside the western boundary of Dongsun sub-district (Figure IV.5). When the new WTP commences operation, the existing WTP will be decommissioned. The new WTP will use the Baise Reservoir as its water sources. Baise Reservoir, with a storage capacity of 5.66 billion m3, is located approximately 2.2 km from the urban area, with flood regulation being its main function but provides hydropower and water supply for potable and irrigation uses as well.

Planned Dongsun WTP Existing Dongsun WTP

Figure IV.5: Location of Dongsun Water Treatment Plants

145. Wastewater treatment. Baise has one wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the Chengdong (City East) WWTP, which is located in Tongle Village at the lower reach of Youjiang, serving the sub-districts of E’cheng, Longjing, Yinglong and Liutang. The WWTP adopts the improved oxidation ditch treatment process with a 100,000 m3/d treatment capacity, which in the long term will be expanded to 200,000 m3/d treatment capacity. Discharge of treated wastewater into Youjiang is in accordance with PRC’s Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) meeting Class 1B effluent standard. The wastewater pipelines constructed in this project will convey wastewater collected in the Dongsun sub-district to the main trunk sewer in Longjing sub-district, then to Chengdong WWTP.

146. Solid waste management. Solid waste collection and disposal in the project area is rudimentary. The number of garbage cans and garbage collecting sites (garbage collecting houses) in communities of the Dongsun Area is inadequate and unsafe. Outdoor piling of solid waste cannot meet the environmental sanitation requirements of the planned urban construction area, and cause adverse impact on the environment and amenity of the city. Currently solid waste collecting and transportation cannot be carried out in a sanitary manner, that is, there is environment pollution in the operation process. Baise has one sanitary landfill located along the Baise-Panshui Road opposite Nabi Brickyard, 3 km from Baise. Phase 1 of this sanitary landfill has an operational life span of 8 years and occupies an area of 16.86 ha, with 8.23 ha reserved for waste disposal providing a disposal capacity of 590,000 m3 and able to handle 230 t/d MSW. The landfill is lined with HDPE geo-membrane for leachate control, and has separate storm water and wastewater drainage systems. The leachate is collected and treated with UASB-MBR-activated carbon process with a treated capacity of 200 t/d and effluent meeting Class II standard in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Pollutant Control Standard (GB 16889-1997). Phase 2 of

this sanitary landfill is located next to Phase 1, on 6.06 ha land with a solid waste disposal capacity of 1.4519 million m3 and a handling capacity of 240t/d, for an operational life span of 12 years.

E. Physical Cultural Resources

147. Baise has a revolutionary history. Youjiang Revolutionary Base, established by Deng Xiaoping in 1929, has become one of the red tourism (revolutionary tourism) spots in the PRC. Baise Uprising Memorial is also ranked as one of the country's 100 Patriotism Educational Demonstration Bases. The EIR has reviewed the status of cultural heritage within the project area and concluded that no physical cultural resource as defined in SPS 2009 existed within the assessment area. Should buried artifacts of archaeological significance be uncovered during the construction stage within the project areas, construction will be stopped and immediately reported to the Baise Cultural Heritage Bureau in accordance with the PRC’s Cultural Heritage Protection Law.

F. Greenhouse Gas Emissions

148. Mitigating climate change through energy saving and sound management to reduce GHG emissions is among the major items in Guangxi as well as Baise’s 12th FYP. In view of climate change implications to the province, Guangxi established a Provincial Climate Change Response Office within the Guangxi Development and Reform Commission in August 2011 with 15 staff. This office assigns binding CO2 reduction targets (per unit GDP) to cities in the province, including Baise, which becomes a binding target in Baise’s 12th FYP.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits

149. The project will contribute to transforming an industrial area into a clean, livable urban community. Through a combination of environmental restoration, urban infrastructure and community development, the project will greatly improve the environmental conditions in Dongsun area and support the emergence of a new community with adequate urban infrastructure, public facilities and social services. This transformation will yield a number of social, environmental and economic benefits for local residents, industry, and the city of Baise.

150. Beneficiaries. The existing 8,690 and future 34,000 Dongsun residents will benefit directly from the project. The direct benefits will be a significantly improved urban living environment—that is, one that is cleaner, healthier, more pleasant and easier to move around. Indirect benefits will arise from the boost that improved infrastructure will give to economic development in general. Major environment, health and safety benefits are listed below.

151. Improved protection against floods and waterlogging. Flooding and waterlogging create nuisance, destroy properties, causing economic losses and loss of human lives. The project will improve the flood control capacity of Youjiang to 1-in-50 year storm events and protect the Dongsun sub-district residents against waterlogging from 1-in-20 year storm events.

152. Sediment and nutrient removal. The project will remove 60,000 m3 of nutrient rich sediment in Dongsun Stream. Using the baseline sediment quality data (see Table IV.8) and river sediment density of 1.3 g/ml average based on a recent study by AECOM on investigation and remediation of contaminated sediments in the Shenzhen River 27, this will result in the removal of approximately 42 t of total nitrogen and 48 t of total phosphorus from the stream system, contributing to improving the water quality of Dongsun Stream as well as the water quality of the downstream Youjiang.

153. Improving road accessibility, traffic safety, and promoting non-motorized transport: Currently, Dongsun Road (the Dongsun segment of National Highway 323) is the only main passage and transit road of the Dongsun area. In this project, roads of different levels will be constructed, including primary and secondary trunk roads, and branch roads to create a rational road network in the Dongsun area, not only meeting local residents’ traffic demand, but also strengthening connections of the Dongsun area with the main urban area. 40% of residents in the project area travel by electric cart, bicycle or motorcycle. With the broadening of Dongsun Road, and the provision of bicycle lanes and sidewalks, mixed traffic with coaches passing through the Dongsun area will be avoided, thereby improving the safety of pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists. In addition, zebra crossings, traffic

27 Tsui L. AECOM. personal communication.

signals and other traffic safety measures will be provided on the road. The project will also establish two bus terminals for improving public transport.

154. Improved solid waste management. The provision of a solid waste transfer station will improve solid waste management in Dongsun sub-district, thereby improving sanitation and public health in the sub-district. With better solid waste management, illegal dumping of garbage onto river and stream banks should cease, improving the environmental conditions and water quality of these water bodies.

155. Increased urban green space. Through the rehabilitation of the riverfront, the project will provide walking, exercise and leisure spaces to local residents. The natural environment of the Dongsun area will be restored and restructured to benefit 8,700 local residents at present and 34,000 in the future.

156. Urban agriculture. This project also promotes community development. One aspect is urban agriculture. There are presently farming activities along the Youjiang bank in areas subject to flooding from the river (Figure V.1). After constructing the embankment along Youjaing, flooding threats will be removed. The PPTA team has discussed with the BMG in maintaining some of the land in that area for farming as a form of urban agriculture, which would contribute to reducing the heat island effect of urban areas. Land acquisition will have little impact on local agricultural production (see Section D.6 of this chapter).

Figure V.1: Urban Agriculture near the Youjiang Bank

B. Screening of Environmental Impacts Related to Project Implementation and Operation

157. The potential environmental impacts of the project were screened at PPTA inception stage to (i) identify the relative significance of potential impacts from the activities of the proposed project components; (ii) establish the scope of the assessment which assists in focusing on major, critical, and specific impacts; and (iii) enable flexibility in regard to consideration of new issues, such as those that reflect the requirements by ADB’s SPS.

158. Potential impacts during construction. The screening process showed that during construction phases, potential impacts mainly relate to earthwork, sediment dredging; and construction of embankments, roads and bridges, pipelines, and community facilities The project may have soil erosion, air quality, noise, water quality, solid waste and occupational health and safety impacts. Potential air quality impact could occur due to fugitive dust generated on the construction site from stockpiles of uncovered earth materials and vehicles travelling on unpaved haul roads; as well as fumes from asphalt mixing plant. The use of powered mechanical equipment during construction activities will generate noise. Construction activities will generate process wastewater and construction workers will produce wastewater. Construction works will produce construction and demolition (C&D) wastes including excavated earth materials and dredged sediment. Workers will face occupational health and safety issues working on construction sites, such as during road paving when workers are near the asphalt mixing plant and exposed to fumes from the plant.

159. Potential impacts during operation of project facilities. The main operational impact during the operational stage of this project will be exhaust emitted and noise generated by motor vehicles travelling on the project roads. Vehicle emissions also generate GHG, which has climate change implications. Other impacts will be from operating the solid waste transfer station, which will include noise impact from the compression and loading operation, water quality impact from leachate produced by the garbage, and air quality impact from garbage odor.

160. The impacts were grouped under three general categories: impacts on physical, biological and socio-economic resources. Impacts during the design, construction and operation phases were considered separately. Potential impacts from the project were considered under the following categories: (i) direct impacts –directly due to the subprojects themselves; (ii) induced impacts – resulting from activities arising from the subprojects, but not directly attributable to them; and (iii) cumulative impacts – which in combination would exert significant additional influences.

C. Measures during Detailed Design and Pre-Construction Phase

161. Measures during detailed design. The following environmental measures will permanently become part of the infrastructure and will be listed in the EMP as design approach for detailed design of facilities by the local design institute:

(i) Technical design of roads and bridges must ensure public health and safety, promote non-motorized traffic, and ensure barrier-free design for disabled people. (ii) Technical design of the road drainage system must be adequate to prevent the roads from being flooded, and must take into consideration potential extreme weather events due to climate change, such as more frequent and intense torrential rains. (iii) The design and construction of the water supply, storm water collection, and wastewater collection pipelines must be adequate to prevent pipe burst. (iv) Technical design of embankments must be adequate and stable enough to withstand the strong force of heavy storm water flow but at the same time maximize the adoption of eco-friendly embankment designs. (v) Technical design of the community service facilities must adopt energy efficient and green building features, and comply with relevant PRC standards and codes. (vi) Technical design of the solid waste transfer station must be adequate to treat odor, equipment noise and wastewater to levels that comply with GB 14554-93 (Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants), GB 12348-2008 (Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary), and GB 8978-1996 (Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard).

162. Measures during pre-construction. A number of environmental management measures will be implemented in the pre-construction phase to ensure project’s environment management readiness. These include:

(i) Institutional strengthening, including (a) appointment of one qualified environment specialist within the BPMO; (b) appointment of one environment specialist within the IA; (c) hiring of a loan implementation environment consultant (LIEC) within loan administration consultant services by the BPMO; and (d) contracting of environmental monitoring center by the IA to conduct environment impact monitoring. (ii) Updating EMP: Mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be updated based on final technical design. This will be the responsibility of the BPMO, using the LDI and/or the LIEC. (iii) Land-take confirmation: The Resettlement Plan will be updated with final inventory. This will be the responsibility of the IA, using the LDI. (iv) Environmental protection training: The loan administration consultant services (mainly but not exclusively through the LIEC) will provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors, the BPMO and the IA. (v) Contract documents: Issues can potentially arise if the bidding documents are prepared without access to or use of this IEE and particularly the EMP. As such, no bid documents will be prepared without the authors having incorporated a Chinese copy of the EMP, which shall be included in the safeguard clauses of the Technical Specifications in the contracts. This will be the responsibility of the BPMO with the support of the LIEC.

D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Stage

1. Physical Impacts & Mitigation – Air Quality 163. Main air pollutants during the construction stage include (i) fugitive emission of dust during earth works, (ii) fumes from asphalt mixing during road paving, movements of construction machinery (iii) concrete batching during bridge foundation works, (iv) odor during dredging, transport and disposal of stream sediment; and and (v) uncontrolled burning of waste.

164. Air pollution is known to cause a variety of health risks to both the workers and the public general. Emissions from crushers and quarry sites can cause health impacts ranging from coughing, influenza, respiratory ailments, to irritation in eyes and reduction in visibility. Children are at particular risk for such negative impacts which, however, are most of the time temporary and localized.

165. Dust and gaseous air pollution. The EIR predicted that the impact distance of fugitive dust (TSP) from construction works would be within 150 m downwind of the source, with TSP concentrations within the impact area of up to 1.5 times of the upwind TSP concentrations. Existing sensitive receptors identified in Table II.9 and Figure II.1 in Dongsun might be negatively affected by excessive dust emissions. The existing background level of particulate matter in the ambient air of Dongsun sub-district has been found to be high with daily average PM10 levels already exceeded GB 3095-1996 Class II standard. Mitigation measures such as frequent watering (7-8 times per day) of unpaved areas and haul roads on construction sites, will be needed to suppress fugitive dust emission. The EIR

estimated that by doing so the amount of dust could be reduced by 70% or more.

166. Asphalt mixing on site for paving the road surface will produce fumes containing small quantities of toxic and hazardous chemicals such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Concrete batching for bridge structures will produce dust. To mitigate such impacts, asphalt mixing and concrete batching plants will be enclosed and equipped with bag house filter or other suitable pollution control equipment for removal of particulates, and will be located at least 300 m upwind of any sensitive receptor. Emission of asphalt fume will comply with the standard stated under Item 31 (asphalt fume) in Table 1 of PRC’s Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996), which specifies that conspicuous fugitive emission of asphalt fume is not permitted. Workers doing asphalt road paving will be provided with eye goggles and respiratory masks for occupational health protection (refer to Occupational Health and Safety section below).

167. Odors. Odors emitted during sediment dredging and transportation could impact the surrounding environment. Odor intensity is classified based on odor threshold values. Odor intensity is classified into six levels in the PRC. The limitation criteria are generally equivalent to class 2.5-3.5 of odor intensity. If beyond the intensity range, odor pollution will be identified and corresponding measures shall be taken.

168. The EIR predicted that during dredging works, odor at 30 m downwind of the source would be mild (class 2), indicating that the odor impact distance during dredging would be within 30 m downwind of the dredger, and that no odor would be detected beyond 50 m (class 1).

169. Dredging on Dongsun Stream, road construction, pipeline installation and embankment construction are all linear activities. When one section is completed, construction activities move on. Sensitive receptors along these alignments would therefore be exposed to short durations of air quality impact, most likely from a few weeks to a few months when construction activities are within 150 m of these sensitive receptors.

170. The Contractor shall include all necessary measures to reduce air pollution and dust development that would impact the public health, by implementing the following air quality control measures:

(i) Providing dust masks to operating personnel;

(ii) Regular water spraying at hauling and access roads to borrow pits (7-8 times each day); and erect hoarding around dusty activities;

(iii) Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site.

(iv) Equipping asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabric filters and/or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. Additionally, asphalt mixing stations will be sited at least 300 meters away from residential areas;

(v) Mounting protective canvasses on all trucks which transport material that could generate dust;

(vi) Building access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particular, from local schools and hospitals;

(vii) Assigning haulage routes and schedules to avoid transport occurring in the central areas, traffic intensive areas or residential areas. For the areas with high-demand on environmental quality, transport should be arranged at night.

(viii) Construction vehicles and machinery shall be kept in good working order, regularly serviced and engines turned off when not in use;

(ix) Vehicles with an open load-carrying case, which transport potentially dust-producing materials, shall have proper fitting sides and tail boards. Dust-prone materials shall not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall always be covered with a strong tarpaulin;

(x) Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads;

(xi) In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not be permitted within 200 m of residential areas. Special precautions need to be applied in the vicinity of sensitive areas such as schools, kindergartens and hospitals;

(xii) Material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management for backfill, measures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid the long term pile. The height of stockpiles should be less than 0.7m;

(xiii) In order to avoid odor impacts caused by channel cleaning, the removed trash shall be transported quickly to the local landfill. Transport of dredged sediments will be undertaken in closed tank wagons to prevent scattering along the way and impacting the urban area;

(xiv) To minimize fugitive odor emission at the dredged sediment disposal site, the site shall be divided into 4 compartments for rotating the deposition of dredged sediment as described in the FSR. When a compartment is not active in taking in dredged sediment, the dredged sediment already deposited in the compartment shall be covered with geomembrane until it becomes active again.

(xv) Unauthorized burning of construction waste material shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment.

171. These measures are defined in the EMP. Contractors will be required to ensure compliance

with relevant PRC emission standards. Air quality monitoring will be carried out by contractors and a licensed environmental monitoring center during the construction period.

2. Physical Impacts & Mitigation – Noise 172. Noise is emitted by powered mechanical equipment (PME) used during construction. Applicable construction noise standards are 70 dB(A) for day time and 55 dB(A) for night time according to GB 12523-2011. Based on the types of PME used and their sound power levels, the EIR predicted that the impact distance would be within 100 m during day time and up to 300 m in night time. Table V.1 shows that the construction noise levels at sensitive receptors in Dongsun sub-district would range from 89.6 dB(A) to 91.2 dB(A), all would exceed their designated Functional Area Category 2 noise standards of 60 dB(A) during day time (0600-2200 hr) and 50 dB(A) during night time (2200-0600 hr).

Table V.1: Construction Noise Levels at Sensitive Receptors in Dongsun Sub-district

No. Sensitive Receptor Construction Noise [dB(A)] 1 Electro-motor factory dormitory community 90.1 2 Dongsun Village Group 1 – location 1 91.2 3 Dongsun Village Group 1 – location 2 90.1 4 Dongsun Village Group 2 89.6 5 Community center 89.9 6 Dongsun Village Group 5 – location 1 91.2 7 Dongsun Village Group 5 – location 2 90.1 8 Bureau of Mine community 90.1 9 Mine workers dormitory community 91.2 10 Dongsun Village Group 6 – location 1 90.1 11 Dongsun Village Group 6 – location 2 89.6 12 Dongsun Village Group 4 – location 1 89.9 13 Dongsun Village Group 4 – location 2 91.2 14 Dongsun Village Group 4 – location 3 89.6 15 Baise No. 4 Secondary School 90.1 16 Dongsun Primary School 91.2 Source: EIR

173. As described above, most of the construction activities in this project are linear activities. As one section is completed, construction activities move on. Construction noise impact is therefore temporary and of short-term duration, when such activities are within 100 m of the sensitive receptor during day time and 300 m during night time.

174. However, due to the high noise levels shown in Table V.1, contractors will be required to implement the following mitigation measures for construction activities to meet PRC construction site

noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors:

(i) During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-2011), and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used in village or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for concrete-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from sensitive areas; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield residences;

(ii) No night time (between 2200 and 0600 hours) construction on all planned roads (new roads). Avoid night time construction on Dongsun Road recognizing that construction on existing roads occasionally would require some works to be conducted at night to take advantage of less road traffic or to avoid worsening day time traffic conditions. Night time construction work on Dongsun Road should prevent using high sound power level equipment and nearby residents should be notified of such night time activities well beforehand;

(iii) Liaise with the Baise No. 4 Secondary School and Dongsun Primary School and reduce noisy construction activities or shield off noise sources using temporary hoardings or noise barriers when day time construction works are within 150 m of these schools during examination periods;

(iv) Regularly monitor noise at sensitive areas (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;

(v) Provide the construction workers with suitable hearing protection (ear muffs) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC;

(vi) Control speed of bulldozer, excavator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduction measures on equipment, strengthen equipment repair and maintenance to keep them in good working condition;

(vii) Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles;

(viii) Maintain continual communication with the schools in Dongsun sub-district to avoid noisy activities near the schools during examination periods.

175. These measures are also in line with the World Bank Group’s EHS guideline to mitigate noise and vibration impacts caused by the operation of pile drivers, earth moving and excavation equipment, concrete mixers, cranes and the transportation of equipment, materials and people during construction and decommissioning activities.

3. Physical Impacts & Mitigation – Surface Water Quality

176. Pollution of surface and groundwater. Uncontrolled wastewater and muddy runoff from construction sites and work camps could potentially pollute nearby water bodies such as Youjiang and clog up drains. The construction of the bridges crossing Dongsun Stream may disrupt stream hydrology through obstruction of peak flow and cause backup of water upstream and spillage of pollution. Piles will be drilled during construction of the bridge foundation, which could disturb the stream sediment and increase suspended solid (SS) concentration in the stream. Grab dredging on Dongsun Stream will also disturb the stream sediment and increase suspended solid (SS) concentration in the stream. The discharge of supernatant water from the dredged sediment disposal site will be to public sewer in accordance with the PRC’s Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater (CJ 3082-1999), which limits SS to 400 mg/L for discharging into public sewers leading to WWTP. No significant impact is therefore expected.

177. To prevent water pollution, the following measures will be implemented by contractors:

(i) Portable toilets and small package WWTPs will be provided for the workers and canteens.

(ii) If there are nearby public sewers, interim storage tanks and pipelines will be installed to convey wastewater to those sewers;

(iii) Sedimentation tanks will be installed on-site to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants such as PAM will be used to facilitate sedimentation;

(iv) Construction of bridge foundations will avoid the rainy season from May to October to minimize potential water quality impact. Mitigation measures such as placement of sandbags or berms around foundation works areas to contain muddy water runoff will be adopted. Slurry from pile drilling in the river bed will be pumped to shore and properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the impact on water quality. Pier construction in the river will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow.

(v) Construction machinery will be repaired and washed at special repairing shops. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed.

(vi) Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits.

(vii) The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88).

(viii) Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff waters which might transport them to surface waters.

(ix) Any spills are cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes within 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC norms and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the City PMOs, PIUs and local EPBs.

(x) Mitigation of water quality impact during dredging will be based on water quality monitoring results. The water quality monitoring approach for dredging works will include, at each dredging location, one control station upstream of the dredger and one impact station downstream of the dredger. When the monitoring result shows that the suspended solids (SS) level at the downstream impact station is 130% higher than that at the upstream control station, it is indicative of bottom sediment being stirred up by the dredger, re-suspended in the water column, and transported downstream. The contractor shall reduce the dredging rate and/or adopt alternative dredging method so that the downstream SS level is below 130% above the upstream SS level.

4. Physical Impacts & Mitigation – Solid Waste, Earthwork, Soil Erosion

178. Solid waste generated during construction will include construction and demolition (C&D) waste dominated by excavated spoil during earth works for road, pipeline and embankment construction (see below), dredged sediment from Dongsun Stream (see below), and refuse generated by construction workers on construction sites. If not properly disposed, such wastes will create community health and sanitation problems. Since construction will not intrude onto the industrial sites, C&D waste will not consist of industrial waste.

179. Earthwork, Soil Erosion. Table V.2 shows the earth cut and backfill quantities generated in this project, indicating the need to import 192,498 m3 of backfill material. Runoff from construction sites is one of the largest sources of sediment in urban areas under development. Soil erosion removes over 90% of sediment by tonnage in urbanizing areas where most construction activities occur. If uncontrolled, eroded sediment from construction sites creates many problems, including adverse impacts on water quality, navigation and recreational activities.

Table V.2: Balance of Earth Cut and Earth Fill

Item Earth Cut (m3) Earth Fill (m3) Balance (m3) Youjiang embankment 252,000 504,000 -252,000 Dongsun Stream 120,000 80,000 40,000 Roads Dongsun Road 2,332 2,546 -214 Planned No. 2 Road 8,910 2,365 6,545 Planned No. 3 Road 10,866 935 9,931 Planned No. 4 Road 10,568 1,336 9,232 Planned No. 7 Road 420 4,502 -4,082 Planned No. 16 Road 176 429 -253 Planned No. 17 Road 165 423 -258 Planned No. 18 Road 0 273 -273 Planned No. 19 Road 0 816 -816 Planned No. 20 Road 31 341 -310 Total: 405,468 597,966 -192,498 Source: FSR

180. Borrow and Spoil Sites. The selection and operation of borrow pits, quarries or spoil disposal sites needs to be carried out with all due considerations to avoid any impact on the existing natural and human environment, and to make provisions that no secondary impacts such as soil and water pollution will occur. The final choice of the location of the borrow pits and spoil disposal sites used will be confirmed with the Contractors and the IA prior to construction.

181. Soil erosion. The areas most vulnerable to erosion include temporary spoil disposal sites, temporary construction sites for roads and embankment, and other areas where surface soil will be disturbed. The prescriptions for erosion prevention and control in the SEPP (as sub-plan of the FSR) have been incorporated into the EMP of this IEE and will be included as contractual obligations for Contractors. The most effective erosion control will be interception drainage to protect disturbed surfaces from surface flows.

182. Construction plans will include erosion prevention and control prescriptions for construction work areas, including (i) establishing a soil erosion monitoring system to measure soil erosion at the construction sites and spoil disposal sites, (ii) constructing 1∼5 m high stone walls around soil erosion areas with holes at 0.3 m above ground for drainage, (iii) constructing intercepting ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering construction sites, and diverting runoff from sites to existing drainage; (iv) limiting construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; and (v) stabilizing all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on; (vi) stockpiles shall be short-termed, placed in sheltered and guarded areas near the actual construction sites, covered with clean tarpaulins, and spray water shall be applied during dry and windy weather conditions. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have

ceased at the sites.

183. Dredged sediments. Chemical testing results (see Table IV.8) show that Dongsun Stream sediment met PRC’s Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995) Class 2 standards on heavy metals and pesticides, which is the equivalent soil quality for the adjoining agricultural lands, meaning that the dredged sediment is suitable for planting use on site or at other locations. Dredged sediment totalling 60,000 m3 (wet) from Dongsun Stream will be transported and dewatered at the dredged sediment disposal site (see Figure III.13). Bottom lining of the disposal site for leachate containment is not necessary but is recommended as a precautionary measure.

184. Waste management. To minimize adverse impacts from the refuse generated by the workers and C&D waste, refuse will be stored in closed containers and regularly transported off-site for disposal at landfills (see also Occupational Health and Safety Section). Since the C&D waste is common solid waste without toxic or harmful content, it can be used for filling and foundations of other construction works specified by the municipal and planning departments. Unused waste will be delivered to the local construction waste landfill site. Generally, C&D waste including disposal is not anticipated to have adverse impacts on the environment.

5. Impact Biological Resources, Ecology and Biodiversity 185. Both authorized and un-authorized cutting of vegetation in the project area will have minor effects on the local ecological properties, expressed in habitat degradation and biodiversity losses. Engineering land take by the roads and bridges, Youjiang embankment, Dongsun Stream widening and community facilities will total approximately 80.33 ha, estimated based on lengths, red line and blue line widths, and areas provided in the FSR. Vegetation in these 80.33 ha will be permanently removed. Temporary land take based on information provided in the FSR will be 24.65 ha, mainly for staging construction works, dredged sediment disposal, stockpiling of earth cut materials, etc., which will be re-vegetated and landscaped after completion of construction works. These areas as described above are typified by urban ecological setting dominated by farmland/plantation ecosystem already influenced and disturbed by human and industrial activities since the 1950’s, and are of low ecological value and biodiversity. The Dongsun Stream has poor water quality and does not sustain significant communities of aquatic flora and fauna. The project area is dominated by modified habitats with no natural or critical habitat. The EIR also indicates the absence of nature reserve and rare, threatened or endangered species within the construction footprint and area of influence of the project. According to on-site investigation and initial statistics, flora to be affected is mostly shrubs and grasses. Ecological and biodiversity impact is expected to be minimal.

186. But special precautions shall be taken during and after construction for the protection of small animals, reptiles, and birds of common species that live in vegetated roadside areas, medians, embankments and slopes, etc. Measures to mitigate the impact to flora will include the following: (i)

preserve existing vegetation where no construction activity is planned; (ii) protect existing trees and grassland during road, bridge and sewer network constructions; where a tree has to be removed or an area of grassland disturbed, replant trees and re-vegetate the area after construction; (iii) remove trees or shrubs only as the last resort if they impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works.

6. Socio-Economic Impacts & Mitigation – Land Acquisition and Resettlement, Impacts on Indigenous Peoples

187. Land acquisition and resettlement. The project is classified as category A for resettlement and B for Indigenous Peoples. Based on the extent of the impact, BMG prepared a resettlement and ethnic minority development plan (REMDP) to cover all the infrastructure subprojects. Based on the preliminary impact survey, the project will adversely affect residents, enterprises, and stores belonging to six groups of Dongsun community. A total of 819.56 mu of land will be occupied permanently, including 500.94 mu of collective land and 318.62 mu of state-owned land; while 299.83 mu of land will be occupied temporarily. A total of 46,901.45 square meters (m2) of residential area and 32,289.58 m2 of non-residential area will be demolished. Overall, the project will affect 525 households with 1,892 persons permanently and 87 households with 296 persons temporarily, totalling 612 households with 2,188 persons. Among the permanently affected population, 221 households with 766 persons will be affected by collective land acquisition; 124 households with 426 persons by the demolition of residential houses on collective land and 214 households with 673 persons by the demolition of residential houses on state-owned land. There will be no project impacts on livelihoods through environmental media.

188. The temporarily occupied land is state-owned land and collective construction land, and will be restored by the construction agency after completion. The permanently acquired land will be used for road construction and river rehabilitation mainly. Although much land will be acquired, it is scattered and mostly linearly distributed, so LA will have little impact on local agricultural production. Income restoration measures for the affected persons (APs) include cash compensation, improvement of agricultural conditions, crop restructuring, skills training, employment promotion and social security for land-expropriated farmers (LEFs).

189. The REMDP also defines the measures to mitigate the negative impacts of resettlement on the local ethnic minority population. Zhuang ethnic minority are the majority in GZAR. In Baise six ethnic minority groups (Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Yi Gilao, and Hui) make up 80% of the population with Zhuang representing 87% of this total. Among the total population of 10,794 in Dongsun area, 39.0% are Zhuang. The proportion of ethnic minorities among urban residents of Dongsun area (29%) is lower than among rural residents (83%) because many former enterprise employees came from other parts of the PRC, most of which are Han people. Furthermore, in the Baise urban area, the Zhuang people are fully socioeconomically integrated with the Han people, and there is no language barrier between

them. The Zhuang in Dongsun area are not distinct from the mainstream society with respect to their customary, cultural, economic, social or political institutions. No negative impacts on ethnic minorities were identified except for 37 persons of 12 households due to the required project resettlement. Social and gender monitoring will include analysis by ethnicity, and the project performance management system is being designed accordingly.

7. Socio-Economic Impacts & Mitigation – Physical Cultural Resources 190. The EIR has reviewed the status of cultural heritage within the project area and concluded that no physical cultural resource existed within the assessment area. Should buried artifacts of archaeological significance be uncovered during the construction stage within the project area, construction will be stopped and immediately reported to the Baise Cultural Heritage Bureau in accordance with the PRC’s Cultural Heritage Protection Law.

8. Socio-Economic Impacts & Mitigation – Health and Safety

191. Occupational Health and Safety. Due to its nature the construction industry is considered to be one of the most hazardous industries where a number of potentially hazardous operations are carried out. The civil works contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect the health and safety of construction workers. Contractors will manage occupational health and safety risks by applying the following measures:

(i) Construction site sanitation: (i) each contractor shall provide adequate and functional systems for sanitary conditions, toilet facilities, waste management, labor dormitories and cooking facilities. Effectively clean and disinfect the site. During site formation, spray with phenolated water for disinfection. Disinfect toilets and refuse piles and timely remove solid waste; (ii) Exterminate rodents on site at least once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes and flies at least twice each year; (iii) Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor management and sanitation departments in the living areas on construction site, and appoint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection; (iv) Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system;

(ii) Occupational safety: (i) Provide safety hats and safety shoes to all construction workers; (ii) Provide safety goggles and respiratory masks to workers doing asphalt road paving; (iii) Provide ear plugs to workers working near noisy PME, especially during piling of bridge foundations.

(iii) Food safety: (i) Inspect and supervise food hygiene in cafeteria on site regularly. Cafeteria workers must have valid health permits. Once food poisoning is discovered, implement effective control measures immediately to prevent it from spreading.

(iv) Disease prevention, health services: (i) All contracted labor shall undergo a medical examination which should form the basis of an (obligatory) health/accident insurance and welfare provisions to be included in the work contracts. The contractors shall maintain records of health and welfare conditions for each person contractually engaged; (ii) Establish health clinic at location where workers are concentrated, which should be equipped with common medical supplies and medication for simple treatment and emergency treatment for accidents; (iii) Specify (by the IA and contractors) the person responsible for health and epidemic prevention responsible for the education and propaganda on food hygiene and disease prevention to raise the awareness of workers.

(v) Social conflict prevention: No major social risks and/or vulnerabilities are anticipated as a result of the project. The project construction workers will be engaged locally. Civil works contracts will stipulate priorities to (i) employ local people for works, (ii) ensure equal opportunities for women and men, (iii) pay equal wages for work of equal value, and to pay women’s wages directly to them; and (iv) not employ child or forced labor.

192. Community Health and Safety. Temporary traffic diversions, continual generation of noise and dust on hauling routes, and general hindrance to local accesses and services are common impacts associated with construction works within or nearby local settlements. This is especially relevant along Dongsun Road in Baise, where traffic is quite high during rush hours. Construction sites will be located close to residential and commercial areas, presenting a threat to public health and safety. The project may also contribute to road accidents through the use of heavy machinery on existing roads, temporarily blocking pavements for pedestrians etc. The potential impacts on community health and safety will be mitigated through a number of activities defined in the EMP. The contractors will implement the following measures:

(i) Traffic management: A traffic control and operation plan will be prepared together with the Baise traffic police prior to any construction. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signs, controls and planning in advance.

(ii) Information disclosure: Residents and businesses will be informed in advance through media of the road improvement activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption.

(iii) Construction sites: Clear signs will be placed at construction sites in view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc. and raising awareness on safety issues. Heavy machinery will not be used after day light and all such equipment will be returned to its overnight storage area/position before night. All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate.

193. Utilities provision interruption. Construction may require relocation of municipal utilities such as power, water, communication cables. Temporary suspension of services (planned or accidental) can

affect the economy, industries, businesses and residents’ daily life. Mitigation of impacts on utilities provision will be through a number of activities defined in the EMP, to be incorporated in the bid documents and construction contracts:

(i) Contractors will assess construction locations in advance for potential disruption to services and identify risks before starting construction. Any damage or hindrance/disadvantage to local businesses caused by the premature removal or insufficient replacement of public utilities is subject to full compensation, all at the full liability of the contractor who caused the problem. (ii) If temporary disruption is unavoidable the contractor will, in collaboration with relevant local authorities such as power company, water supply company and communication company, develop a plan to minimize the disruption and communicate the dates and duration in advance to all affected people.

(iii) Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site.

E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operational Stage

1. Impacts related to Operation of Roads and Bridges

194. Air Quality. Motor vehicles travelling on the roads and bridges built in this project will emit air pollutants via exhaust. In this project, NO2 and CO are the parameters designated by the Baise EPB for assessing traffic emission impact on air quality. Baseline monitoring of 1-hr and daily averages of NO2 and CO at the Baise No. 4 Secondary School show compliance with GB 3095-1996 Class II standards

The EIR used the ADMS-EIA dispersion model to simulate the dispersion of NO2 and CO emitted by motor vehicles travelling on the project roads, following procedures described in PRC’s Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment – Atmospheric Environment (HJ 2.2-2008). ADMS is one of the dispersion models approved for use in environmental impact assessment in the PRC in HJ 2.2-2008; and ADMS-EIA is a version of the model that is only available in the PRC and that is customized to model industrial and road sources for environmental impact assessment in the PRC. 28 Table V.4 shows the simulation results for NO2, CO and PM10 concentrations at existing and future sensitive receptors in year 2030 based on 2030 traffic volume, in comparison with GB 3095-2012 Class II standards (which will become effective on January 1, 2016), and the World Bank Group EHS standard

(which only has AQG on 1-hour NO2 level and AQG and interim targets on daily average PM10 levels).

Predicted results show that both NO2 and CO concentrations at the existing and future sensitive receptors would comply with these standards in year 2030 except at the Dongsun No. 6 Group #1 location which would be very near Dongsun Road (see Table II.9) which showed exceedance of daily

28 McHugh C., D. Carruthers and X. Sheng. Using ADMS models for air quality assessment and management in China. 10 pp. ( http://www.lem.org.cn/support/files/ADMS_yysl_EN.pdf)

average NO2 level. Modelling results in the EIR showed that such exceedance would occur only on one th day (the 24 day) in a year. This is equivalent to a compliance rate of 99.7%. Daily average PM10 levels showed compliance with GB 3095-2012 Class II standards as well as World Bank Group EHS interim targets, but with slight exceedance of the EHS AQG standard. Data in Table V.4 also shows that the future resettled communities will have acceptable air quality.

Table V.4: Predicted NO2, CO and PM10 concentrations at Existing and Future Sensitive Receptors in Year 2030

3 3 3 NO2 (μg/m ) CO (mg/m ) PM10 (μg/m ) No. Sensitive Receptor Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum 1-hour Daily Average 1-hour Daily Average Daily Average

1 Electro-motor Factory dormitory community #1 85 64 1.5 1.1 57

2 Electro-motor Factory dormitory community #2 95 79 1.7 1.4 58 3 Dongsun No. 2 Group 59 45 1.3 1.0 54

4 Dongsun No. 3 Group 59 46 1.2 1.0 54

5 Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community #2 59 51 1.5 0.9 54

6 Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community #1 101 75 1.9 1.3 59

7 Dongsun No. 6 Group #1 86 91 1.5 1.2 57

8 Dongsun No. 6 Group #2 62 51 1.2 0.9 55

9 Baise No. 4 Secondary School 52 43 0.9 0.7 53

10 Dongsun Primary School 59 49 1.3 0.9 54

11 Dongsun No. 4 Group #1 62 49 1.4 1.0 55

12 Dongsun No. 4 Group #2 49 42 1.0 0.8 53

13 Thermal Power Plant dormitory community 48 40 1.0 0.8 53

14 Fertilizer Plant dormitory community #1 88 70 1.5 1.2 57

15 Fertilizer Plant dormitory community #2 39 33 0.7 0.6 52

16 Dongsun No. 5 Group #1 43 37 0.9 0.7 52

17 Dongsun No. 5 Group #2 49 41 0.8 0.7 53

18 Dongsun No. 5 Group #3 86 71 1.6 1.2 57

19 Resettled community #1 43 37 0.9 0.7 53

20 Resettled community #2 49 41 0.8 0.6 53

GB 3095-2012 Class II standard 200 80 10 4 150 World Bank Group EHS AQG standards 0.200 ------50 World Bank Group EHS Interim Targets ------75-150 Source: EIR = Exceedance of GB 3095-2012 Class II standard

195. Noise. Motor vehicles travelling on the project roads will generate traffic noise. Table V.5 presents noise levels generated by different types of motor vehicles assuming that they are travelling at the speed limit of the project roads, showing that motor cycle has the highest noise level at speeds of 30 km/h and above while large size vehicle has the highest noise level at speeds of 20 km/h and below.

Table V.5: Noise Levels of Different Types of Motor Vehicles Travelling on Project Roads

Speed Limit Noise Levels of Motor Vehicle Types [dB(A)] Road (km/h) Small Size Medium Size Large Size Motor Cycle Dongsun Road 50 61.2 61.9 70.6 71.1 Planned No. 2 Road 40 59.4 60.7 68.1 68.9 Planned No. 3 Road 30 57.6 59.5 65.6 66.1 Planned No. 4 Road 30 57.6 59.5 65.6 66.1 Planned No. 7 Road 30 57.6 59.5 65.6 66.1 Planned No. 17 Road 20 55.8 58.4 63.1 62.1 Planned No. 18 Road 20 55.8 58.4 63.1 62.1 Planned No. 19 Road 20 55.8 58.4 63.1 62.1 Planned No. 20 Road 20 55.8 58.4 63.1 62.1 Source: EIR

196. Table V.6 shows predicted traffic noise levels during peak hour at existing and future sensitive receptors in year 2030 based on the 2030 traffic volume and the respective noise functional area categories. Data showed exceedance of day time noise at the Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community location #2 and exceedance of night time noise at a number of locations. The two resettlement communities showed slight exceedance of night time noise. During the detail design of these buildings, their locations could be adjusted to increase the distance from Planned No. 2 and No. 3 Roads so that the night time noise at these communities would be lower than 50 dB(A). The first row of buildings facing the roads at all other locations (except the Dongsun Primary School since there will not be classes in the night time) shall be installed with double-glazed windows on the road facing facade, which would reduce noise levels by 15-25 dB(A).

Table V.6: Predicted Traffic Noise Levels at Existing and Future Sensitive Receptors during Year 2030 Peak Hour

Shortest Peak Hour Noise Level Functional GB 3096-2008 Standard Distance to [dB(A)] No. Sensitive Receptor Area Road Red Category Day Night Day Night Line (m)

1 Electro-motor Factory dormitory community #1 5.5 4a 66.4 60.6 70 55

2 Electro-motor Factory dormitory community #2 4.1 4a 66.3 60.5 70 55 3 Dongsun No. 2 Group 2.3 4a 62.6 56.8 70 55

4 Dongsun No. 3 Group 1.0 4a 61.8 56.0 70 55

5 Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community #2 58.7 2 65.1 59.9 60 50

6 Baise Bureau of Mines dormitory community #1 8.7 4a 61.3 55.4 70 55

7 Dongsun No. 6 Group #1 2.6 4a 64.3 58.8 70 55 8 Dongsun No. 6 Group #2 3.2 4a 59.0 56.1 70 55

9 Baise No. 4 Secondary School 26.0 4a 58.9 52.4 70 55

10 Dongsun Primary School 0 4a 61.0 55.9 70 55

Shortest Peak Hour Noise Level Functional GB 3096-2008 Standard Distance to [dB(A)] No. Sensitive Receptor Area Road Red Category Day Night Day Night Line (m)

11 Dongsun No. 4 Group #1 1.8 4a 59.5 53.3 70 55

12 Dongsun No. 4 Group #2 6.3 4a 58.6 52.0 70 55

13 Thermal Power Plant dormitory community 9.2 4a 59.8 53.4 70 55

14 Fertilizer Plant dormitory community #1 12.9 4a 58.0 50.2 70 55

15 Fertilizer Plant dormitory community #2 14.6 4a 62.8 56.7 70 55

16 Dongsun No. 5 Group #1 1.5 4a 60.3 53.8 70 55

17 Dongsun No. 5 Group #2 121.2 2 57.5 50.3 60 50

18 Dongsun No. 5 Group #3 14.0 4a 62.1 56.0 70 55

19 Resettled community #1 --- 2 56.3 51.2 60 50

20 Resettled community #2 --- 2 58.3 51.9 60 50

Source: EIR = Exceedance of GB 3096-2008 standard

197. The distances of noise attenuation from the road red line to achieve compliance with GB 3096-2008 standards for Functional Area Category 4a (within 35 m from the road red line) and Category 2 (within 35 m to 200 m from the road red line) on project roads during night time (more stringent noise standard than day time) in year 2030 are shown in Table V.7.

Table V.7: Distances from Road Red Line to Comply with GB 3096-2008 Night Time Traffic Noise on Project Roads in Year 2030

Distance to Achieve Compliance with GB 3096-2008 Night Time Noise Standards No. Road Functional Area Category 4a Category 2 1 Dongsun Road 45 m 180 m 2 Planned No. 2 Road 9 m 56 m 3 Planned No. 3 Road 9 m 55 m 4 Planned No. 4 Road 0 m 34 m 5 Planned No. 7 Road 0 m 27 m 6 Planned No. 17 Road 0 m 0 m 7 Planned No. 18 Road 0 m 0 m 8 Planned No. 19 Road 0 m 0 m 9 Planned No. 20 Road 0 m 0 m Source: EIR

198. Based on Table V.7 existing sensitive receptors within 35 m from the new Dongsun Road red line and 10 m from other planned road red lines will need the installation of double-glazed windows on all road-facing windows. Further, the following guidance for future developments in Dongsun

sub-district along these project roads could be drawn:

(i) The first row of developments on both sides of Dongsun Road within 35 m from the road red line should install on the façade facing Dongsun Road with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 45 m from the road red line on Dongsun Road.

(ii) If there is no first row building within 35 m from Dongsun Road red line to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 180 m from the road red line in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard.

(iii) On Planned No. 2 Road and Planned No. 3 Road, the first row of building shall be at least 10 m from the road red lines. Should there be any new building within 10 m from the red lines for these roads, double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction should be installed on the façade facing these roads. If there is no first row building within 35 m from Planned No. 2 Road and Planned No. 3 Road red lines to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 60 m from the road red lines or installed with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction on the façade facing these roads in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on these roads.

(iv) If there is no first row building within 35 m from Planned No. 4 Road red line to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 34 m from the road red line or installed with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction on the façade facing the road in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on this road.

(v) If there is no first row building within 35 m from Planned No.7 Road red line to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 27 m from the road red line or installed with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction on the façade facing the road in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on this road.

(vi) On Planned No. 17, No. 18, No. 19 and No. 20 Roads, no school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on these roads.

199. Greenhouse Gas Emission. While total GHG emissions will increase in future as a result of urban expansion, population growth and traffic increase, the project will contribute to GHG emission reduction per GDP through improved road conditions. Improved road conditions and smoother traffic flows at higher speed would result in less carbon emissions per vehicle per mile travelled compared to

29 congested roads with stop-and-go traffic. According to Bai, Eisinger and Niemeier (2009) , CO2 emission factors for gasoline motor vehicles decrease from approximately 500 gm CO2/mi to approximately 250 gm CO2/mi when the vehicle speed increases from 25 mph to 75 mph.

200. Using the vehicle kilometer travelled (VKT) [by different vehicle types] approach and emission factors provided in Table 3.2.3 in Chapter 3, Volume 2 of IPCC (2006)30 for USA gasoline and diesel vehicles (assuming diesel heavy vehicles and gasoline vehicles for other types), emission on project roads in 2030 would total 306 t/y of CO2 equivalent. Comparison using emission factors for Euro 4 type vehicles in Table 3.2.5 in Chapter 3, Volume 2 of IPCC (2006) shows similar result of 314 t/y of CO2 equivalent. These are considerably less than the 100,000 t/y benchmark in ADB (2012)31 and annual monitoring of carbon emissions is not needed.

201. Operational Safety for Roads. Concerns over the community safety of project roads have been thoroughly examined during project preparation. All roads have separate lanes for pedestrians and non-motorized traffic. On the Dongsun Road, the pedestrian lane, non-motorized lane and motorized lanes are separated by curb stones and green barriers (Figure III.18). Pedestrian-priority push-button traffic lights, safe islands, crosswalks (zebra lines), boarding bays/islands and barrier-free lanes will be established at all intersections of Dongsun Road. Sufficient road signs will be properly designed and placed in necessary locations. Road maintenance sites will be properly sealed, ahead signs placed and adequate number of safety officers posted to direct traffic. Road maintenance vehicles will be equipped with warning lights, and staff will wear safety hats and reflective garments and undergo safety training.

202. Toxic spills. The project roads are classified as urban roads and no large motor vehicle carrying dangerous goods is allowed to travel on urban roads. The risk of accidental release of hazardous and toxic substances is thus very low, and can be effectively mitigated through strict enforcement of traffic laws and regulations, especially speed limits, overloading of trucks and trucks carrying hazardous materials.

203. Wastewater, solid waste. There will be no point sources of water pollution related to the operation of the roads. The auxiliary services include sewage pipelines which will transport the sewage to the existing 100,000-m3/d Chengdong Wastewater Treatment Plant, to be expanded to 200,000 m3/d treatment capacity. Road runoff will go directly to storm culverts with no pre-treatment. The runoff will contain water pollutants such as SS and petroleum but the quantities are predicted to be small. The environmental impacts are expected to be minimal. Garbage thrown on the roadside by drivers will be swept and collected by road cleaners from the urban sanitation bureau and transported to the

29 Bai S., D. Eisinger and D. Niemeier. 2009. MOVES vs. EMFAC: a comparison of greenhouse gas emissions using Los Angeles County. Transportation Researh Board 2009 Annual Meeting. 15 pp. 30 IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. 31 ADB. 2012. Environmental safeguards: a good practice sourcebook – draft working document. 74 pp.

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municipal landfill. The environmental impacts will be negligible.

2. Impacts related to Operation of Flood Control Works and Dongsun Stream

204. Dongsun Stream maintenance. The flood flow capacity of the rehabilitated stream may be severely impaired as a result of accumulations of garbage, uncontrolled plant growth in the stream and the faulty operation of the two weirs. The Baise Water Bureau (BWB) is responsible for city flood management, including the maintenance of the Dongsun stream. BWB will appoint sufficient personnel to regularly maintain the stream, including removal of garbage and vegetation which may impair flood flow capacity. The stream will require maintenance dredging from time to time. However, such activities will be short term, infrequent, and will not cause significant impacts. The existing pond on Dongsun Stream also functions in flood regulation, further reducing flooding risk to nearby communities.

205. Impact of river embankment on river environment and downstream flood risk. The Youjiang embankment works have the potential to induce hydrological and morphological river changes, although the impact is predicted to be minor. A detailed analysis and calculations of design water levels accounting for the final embankment and bridge design will be conducted during detailed engineering design. The assessment shall demonstrate that the flood control embankment will ensure protection from 1 in 50 years flood events, will not encroach on the river’s regulation line of 120 m, confirm channel conveyance capacity and water surface elevation as required in the flood control plan, and demonstrate no net increase of risk of floods downstream. Hydrological stations along the Youjiang are monitoring river hydrology, morphology and sediment transport on a regular basis. BMG confirmed that data produced by the hydrological stations will be shared with the BPMO and reported in the environment progress reports. This is reflected in the monitoring plan defined in the EMP.

206. Flood emergency preparedness and response. Baise has a flood warning and emergency response system complying with PRC laws and regulations. BWB is responsible for city flood management. The present flood emergency response plan has 4 levels of action based on the water level on Youjiang. This plan is triggered (at Level 4 action) when the Youjiang water level reaches 116.2 m, escalating to Level 3 action at 118.43 m, Level 2 action at 119.93 m and Level 1 action when the water level in Youjiang reaches 121.43 m. The need to update the flood emergency response plan to provide for the existing, new and proposed urban development areas is flagged as loan assurance. The update plan will ensure that when an over-standard flood is forecast, people at risk or with property at risk could be warned, take appropriate precautions to limit flood damage and be evacuated from the area at risk of inundation if necessary. The plan should consider safety of evacuation routes and locations of safe temporary refuge, among other matters. Even for floods below the design flood protection standard, the flood monitoring and forecasting system should be used to warn the community of approximate flood peak levels expected so that activities undertaken near or on the channel banks (mainly urban agriculture) can be suspended.

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207. Youjiang waterfront promenade. Visitors and urbanites using the waterfront walking trail and sports facilities will generate wastewater and garbage. There will be public toilets on-site to collect the wastewater, which will be conveyed via public sewer to the Baise WWTP. Garbage bins will be provided on-site. Collected garbage will be taken regularly to a sanitary landfill for proper disposal. A policy of no littering will be strictly enforced on-site.

208. Weirs/Gates. Dongsun Stream flow will be manipulated by the two water gates. Dongsun Stream is not a natural stream as its existing flow is already regulated by an existing pond that provides flood regulation function. Stream water quality should not be adversely affected by these gates as long as the water does not become stagnant.

3. Impacts related to Operation of Community Facilities

209. Solid Waste Transfer Station. Operation of the solid waste transfer station would have air quality impact from dust and odor generated, noise impact from the compaction and loading process, and water quality impact from the leachate generated by the garbage. To mitigate such potential impacts and as described above, the following measures will be implemented:

(i) A minimum width of buffer zone and greening belt will be ensured for the proposed new transfer station in accordance with “Technical Specifications for Domestic Solid Waste Transfer Stations” (CJJ47-2006);

(ii) The transfer station will be fully enclosed to minimize noise and odor released to the surrounding environment; ventilation within the workshop will be ensured; High-noise equipments will be installed indoors; the buildings will be designed with sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials;

(iii) Air curtains will be installed at the inlet of the transfer station for unloaded MSW to prevent the emission of odor and dust; dust removal using the spray system plus gravity sedimentation technique will be installed;

(iv) Leachate from the transfer station will be pretreated on site (septic tank) before being discharged into the municipal sewage network and sent to the municipal WWTP for treatment; the floor of the transfer station will be sealed to prevent any potential seepage and pollution of groundwater.

(v) Equipment and workshops will be regularly cleaned with the spraying of disinfectant and deodorant in order to control odor generation and as pest control;

(vi) An odor control system will be installed for odor suction and treatment (using chemical spray plus 3 activated carbon adsorption) to make sure that H2S concentration is less than 0.1mg/Nm and 3 the NH3 concentration is less than 1mg/Nm ;

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(vii) Ambient noise and odor monitoring will be performed to determine whether further mitigation measure is required or not.

210. Market. Septic tanks will be installed at the market to pre-treat the wastewater according to CJ 3082-1999 (Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater), before discharging into the municipal trunk sewer for treatment at the Chengdong WWTP. Solid waste will be regularly collected and transported to the solid waste transfer station. No significant operational impact is expected.

211. Community Service Center. Drainage design for the community service center will have separate sewer systems for storm water and wastewater. Wastewater collection will be connected to municipal trunk sewer then conveyed to the Chengdong WWTP for treatment. Solid waste will be regularly collected and transported to the solid waste transfer station. No significant operational impact is expected.

F. Cumulative Impacts

212. Cumulative impacts are expected during construction phase. The implementation of the different project components (roads and bridges, Dongsun stream rehabilitation, Younjiang embankment works, etc.) in the Dongsun area may cause a magnification of environmental and social impacts in terms of traffic on the existing road network, air-borne dust, noise, waste generation and community disturbance if not properly planned and staged. The installation of utility pipelines during road construction works will benefit from the concurrent earthworks for new roads, sharing trenches and construction equipment, without adding significantly to construction impacts.

213. For the urban river rehabilitation and flood control component involving the Youjiang and Dongsun Stream, construction works would take 14 months, estimated to commence in July 2014 and to complete in August 2015. Construction of the urban roads, bridges, bus terminals and associated water supply and wastewater pipelines would take 29 months, estimated to commence in January 2016 and to complete in May 2018. Construction of the community facilities including the community service center, the market and the solid waste transfer station would take 16 months, estimated to start in March 2017 and to complete in June 2018.

214. Construction related cumulative impacts will be effectively minimized by adopting proper mitigation measures, including: (i) coordination between all project components and other projects in the area of influence in terms of construction schedule (component 1 and 2, expecting to have the biggest environmental impacts during construction, will be staged, i.e. component 1 will be completed around August 2015, while road and bridge construction will start in January 2016); (ii) contractors will develop material transport plan with consultation of the Baise traffic police and the local community; (iii) enforcement of good construction management to minimize dust, noise and waste generation; (iv) education of construction workers to minimize social disturbance and cultural conflict; (vi) provision of

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temporary access to local traffic; (vii) proper maintenance of the access roads and timely restoration/strengthening upon completion. With effective implementation of good construction management measures, these common construction-related cumulative impacts can be adequately mitigated to acceptable level.

G. Indirect and Induced Impacts

215. Roads and Bridges. The expanded road network will facilitate urban development with population increase in the Dongsun sub-district from an existing 8,700 (2012) to 34,000 by 2030. This will induce increases in traffic flow, pollution generation and demand for public services. All project roads and bridges as well as future traffic volumes on these roads and bridges and their induced impacts have been examined in the context of relevant development plans. The project roads are in line with the approved Baise City Urban Master Plan (2010-2030), and within the Plan a special planning chapter on the city’s urban roads and transportation, and will thus not induce uncontrolled development. The proposed roads and bridges will address the inadequacy of the existing road network and will facilitate urban renewal of Dongsun sub-district from a rural-industrial setting to a suburban residential-commercial setting. With their completion, the scope of the road network will be expanded, and the traffic function and level of service provided for the adjacent areas will be improved and enhanced. Their individual contributions to, and influence on the district and neighborhood traffic flows, have therefore been assessed within the context of the relevant plans and are considered appropriate. Air quality and noise impacts due to increased traffic flow have been assessed in this report and mitigation measures have been identified where necessary. Significant indirect or induced negative impacts are not anticipated.

216. Auxiliary facilities. The installation of auxiliary utilities concurrent with road construction would induce potential impacts on the water supply system and the wastewater treatment system by increasing the demand on their services. Again, such increase has been fully considered in the 12th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of Baise City and the Baise City Urban Master Plan (2010-2030), with the capacities of water and wastewater treatment timely expanded to meet such demand. Significant induced negative impacts are not expected.

217. Solid Waste Transfer Station. MSW collected at the transfer station will be transported to Baise’s sanitary landfill for disposal, which could induce impact on the capacity of the landfill. As described above, the planned Phase 2 of the landfill expansion will increase its capacity for taking in additional quantities of MSW. With better solid waste collection, transfer and disposal in the Dongsun sub-district, illegal dumping of garbage onto river and stream banks will be reduced, thus improving environmental and public health conditions. The induced impact is therefore positive.

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218. Encroachment on contaminated sites. As demonstrated earlier, interventions by ADB in this project will not intrude onto any of the industrial sites in the Dongsun Area with potential soil contamination. However, the re-development of the Dongsun Area, which is supported by the project, will ultimately require the deconstruction and rehabilitation of five industrial sites. The inadequate remediation of these sites represents a significant health and safety risk to workers. To address this risk, the project has financed an environmental site assessment (ESA) in the framework of the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA). The ESA identified type, location and magnitude of industrial pollution in the Dongsun subdistrict. 32 The assessment, which followed internationally accepted methodology (ASTM Phase I and II33) concluded that: (i) soil contamination in the Dongsun sub-district is moderate and limited to localized areas and mainly associated with on-site coal yards, coal and fly ash storage areas, and three smelter sites; (ii) contaminants include mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and asbestos containing materials (ACM); (iii) the potential exposure pathways to public include soil ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation of soil dust.

219. To ensure that facility deconstruction, site clean-up and pollution control are properly addressed during subsequent development activities in the Dongsun Area, the phase I consultants have prepared detailed guidance on (i) detailed survey requirements; (ii) pollution clean-up or containment approaches and cost estimates; and (iii) safeguards requirements. A full report including ESA and safeguards requirements for the clean-up of these sites has been submitted to the BMG in English and Chinese. 34 The full assessment report is disclosed on the project website. The BMG is fully committed to adhere to national regulations and international best practice on industrial site rehabilitation. The BMG will take note of recent MEP consultation documents related to land contamination, which may become legally binding by the time of project implementation. These consultation documents include Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites, Temporary Method for Environmental Management of Soil on Contaminated Sites, Guidelines for Soil Remediation of Contaminated Sites, and Technical Guidelines for Environmental Monitoring of Sites. BMG concurred to a number of loan assurances related to the management of brownfields, including:

32 Gong Y. Y., L. Jiang and W. H. Zhang. 2011. Guangxi Baise integrated urban environment rehabilitation – Baise industrial park redevelopment demo project. Final report submitted to the Asian Development Bank. 33 ASTM International. 2005. ASTM E1527-05 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. ASTM International. 2002. ASTM: E 1903–97 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process. 34 Gong Y. Y., L. Jiang and W. H. Zhang. 2011. Guangxi Baise integrated urban environment rehabilitation – Baise industrial park redevelopment demo project. Final report submitted to the Asian Development Bank.

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(i) The Project will not finance the demolition of any industrial buildings or relocation and removal of industrial waste resulting therefrom. (ii) BMG shall ensure that no Project facilities are located in any industrial use or former industrial use sites in the Project Area. (iii) BMG shall, and shall cause BDIG to, ensure that (a) all the Project facilities and Dongsun Rehabilitation facilities be designed and constructed or demolished and cleaned up in accordance with the national engineering norm and technical standards of the Borrower, and (b) all construction supervision, quality control, and contract management for the Project and for the Dongsun Rehabilitation shall be carried out in accordance with national standards and international best practices.

220. On a pilot basis, for the period prior to adoption and implementation of any proposed guidelines for contaminated sites, BMG shall test the application of such proposed guidelines in the Dongsun Rehabilitation, having reference to the Ministry of the Environment’s consultation documents including the draft Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites, Temporary Method for Environmental Management of Soil on Contaminated Sites, Guidelines for Soil Remediation of Contaminated Sites, and Technical Guidelines for Environmental Monitoring of Sites.

221. In addition, the project will provide technical assistance and training to BDIG in remediation of contaminated soils with a view to minimizing environmental risks in Dongsun during and after area development. Specifically, one international and one national brownfield remediation specialist will be contracted to provide assistance to BDIG in (i) applying existing national draft guidelines for soil remediation and environmental cleanup; (ii) preparing a detailed soil remediation plan for Dongsun area that takes into account the national draft guidelines as well as international best practices in this area; and (iii) monitoring the implementation of the soil remediation plan. The specialists will also evaluate the application of the national draft guidelines to Dongsun area, and prepare a short report identifying strengths and weaknesses for consideration by the national Ministry of Environment and other parties involved in finalizing the guidelines.

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VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

222. During project preparation, various alternatives for the components were proposed, screened, and studied against technical, economic, social and environmental criteria. The primary objective with respect to environmental criteria was to identify and adopt options with the least adverse environmental impacts and maximum environmental benefits. The range of alternatives considered depended on the infrastructure sector and its characteristics. Many of the FSRs’ alternatives analyses were concerned with technical and engineering specifications, including construction materials, road cross-section design and road surface material, pipe-laying techniques, etc. The discussion below focuses on those aspects of the alternatives with potential for differential environmental effects, including the without-project alternative.

223. No-Project Alternative. Not undertaking the project (the without-project scenario) would result in a shortage of urban infrastructure in Dongsun sub-district compared to the with-project scenario. In addition, environmental quality may continue to deteriorate, while the impact of the lack of infrastructure will gradually increase as a result of pressures associated with a growing population, urbanization, and economic development. The without-project-scenario would reduce the competitiveness of Baise municipality and its attractiveness to outside investment, and inhibit further improvement of the standard of living of the inhabitants. Without the project, Dongsun sub-district would still be dominated by obsolete and run-down industrial enterprises causing continual pollution and limiting further urban re-development opportunities. The Dongsun Stream would still have very low flood prevention capacity exposing nearby communities to waterlogging threats. Soil erosion along the You River bank would continue without the proposed embankment causing water pollution to You River.

224. Embankment Types. Various embankment types were considered for application at different sections of the Dongsun Stream. These have been presented in Table III.2 and Figure III.12.

225. Dredging Methods and Equipment. Three alternatives were considered. These included the deployment of (i) a barge equipped with a grabbing device, (ii) dry dredging by damming up the stream followed by emptying the water between the barrier then excavating the sediment manually in the dry, and (iii) high pressure water jet to loosen the sediment then pumped out. The first two methods were selected for deep water and shallow water sections, respectively. The high pressure water jet method was not preferred due to potential for dispersing polluted sediment.

226. Number of Water Sluice Gates. Two alternatives were considered: one with 3 gates and the other with 2 gates on Dongsun Stream. The 2-gate option was selected because it provides better flood control function than the 3-gate option, and also would have higher water level to provide better aesthetic value.

227. Types of Water Sluice Gates. Four types were considered: (i) steel gate,(ii) rubber dam (iii)

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horizontal sliding gate, and (iv) vertical sliding gate. The steel gate was selected due to its sturdy structure and ease of operation.

228. Dongsun Road Cross-section Design. Three alternatives were considered mainly related to the position of the non-motorized vehicle (NMV) lanes. The selected option will have the NMV lanes on the motor carriage way, therefore will be separated from the pedestrian lanes providing better road safety to pedestrians. The NMV lanes will be separated from the motorized vehicle lanes by barrier.

229. Road Paving Materials. Asphalt concrete and cement concrete were compared for use as road paving materials. Asphalt concrete was selected because maintenance is easier and road traffic noise will be lower than cement concrete paved roads.

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VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Legislative Framework for Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure

230. Meaningful participation and consultation in the evaluation of project planning, feasibility study, environmental impact and mitigation, design and implementation is an important safeguard requirement, directly reflecting the public’s perceptions of environmental quality in the project’s area of influence. Relevant provisions in the Environmental Protection Law of PRC and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (Order of the State Council, No. 253) require that “Environmental Impact Report formulated by construction unit shall be in accordance with relevant laws to solicit the opinions of units concerned and inhabitants of project construction site". In January 2011, MEP circulated the draft Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment: Public Participation for public commenting, which specifies the requirements of information disclosure and stakeholder opinion survey. ADB’s SPS 2009 also requires meaningful participation, consultation and information disclosure. The consultation processes for this project therefore follow both the PRC requirements and the ADB requirements.

231. Meaningful information disclosure and public consultation on environment, health and safety issues have been conducted during preparation of the domestic EIR and the IEE. Information disclosure and consultation included: internet disclosure, informal communication with key stakeholders which include residents, local authorities and sector specific institutions and authorities; questionnaire survey; and a wider meeting attended by affected people and other concerned stakeholders. Potentially affected people were also consulted in the framework of the poverty and social assessment conducted by the PPTA consultant. The assessment, which included a socio-economic household questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, stakeholder consultation meetings and key informant interviews, also aimed at defining community priorities and environmental concerns, and at receiving feedback on the proposed project scope and anticipated impacts.

B. Information Disclosure

232. Information disclosure for this project was undertaken by BIEP, the domestic EIA institute on July 20, 2012 upon commencement of the domestic EIR. Information on this project was published on the website of the IA, Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd. (GBDIC). 35 (Figure VII.1)

35 http://btjt100.cn/Html/jtxw/90485.html

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Figure VII.1: Information Disclosure on IA’s Website

C. Consultation and Participation Activities during Project Preparation

233. Socioeconomic questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGD): A 270-household sample survey was conducted to (amongst others) evaluate potential positive and negative impacts of the components on affected households, and to learn their attitudes to and expectations for the Project. In addition, 12 FGDs were held, covering women, the poor, enterprise employees and farmers, aiming at evaluating the potential positive and negative impacts of the components on different target groups, learning different groups’ attitudes to and expectations for the Project, and collecting comments and suggestions on the project design.

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234. Environment safeguards consultation. In addition, BIEP, the EIA institute (with support of the PPTA consultant) conducted two rounds of public consultation during preparation of the domestic EIR: at domestic EIR commencement and on completion of the draft domestic EIR.

D. Results of Consultation and Participation Activities

235. The socioeconomic survey showed that local residents have different concerns for different components:

(i) with regard to river rehabilitation component, the priority concerns include loss of land (23.5%) and pollution arising from construction (21.7%); (ii) with regard to road construction, residents are concerned about traffic inconvenience arising from construction (25.4%) and air pollution arising from increased vehicles (20.4%); (iii) with regard to sewer line and water supply network construction, residents are mainly concerned about traffic inconvenience arising from construction (21.3%). (iv) with regard to the solid waste transfer station, 73% of the respondents opposed the setup of a waste transfer station near their homes, because of bad odor (53.3%) and the proliferation of pests (37.0%). The design of the solid waste transfer station will include odor removal facility and water hosing equipment for cleaning the station to keep it in a sanitary condition.

236. Focused group discussions during the socioeconomic survey also showed that local residents have the following common needs, some of which will be provided by this project:

(i) Increase in public open spaces and green areas for outdoor activities (ii) Increase in sports facilities and recreational facilities (iii) Improving the drainage network (iv) Transparent upgrading programs in terms of implementation plans on resettlement policy, subsidy regulation (v) Creating more new business opportunities (vi) Rehabilitating Dongsun Road for more convenient and safer mobility (vii) Environment rehabilitation for better life (viii) Improving housing condition (ix) Creating more employment opportunities (x) Establishing public kindergartens (xi) Improving quality of existing middle school (xii) Improving solid waste management (xiii) increasing health care facilities

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237. First Round of Consultation on EIR. This round was conducted by BIEP shortly after the commencement of preparing the domestic EIR and information disclosure described above. It was conducted by means of questionnaire survey, where 100 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, with 93 copies returned. The surveyees were residents, workers and farmers in Dongsun sub-district. Table VII.1 shows the demographic composition of the questionnaire surveyees. Over 90% of the surveyees regarded the key environmental problems during the construction stage to be ecology (48.4%), wastewater (26.9%) and noise (16.1%). Over 80% regarded the project to be beneficial to the local environment, and 98% endorsed this project. Questionnaire survey results are summarized in Table VII.2. Concerns identified were addressed in the EIR.

Table VII.1: Demographic Composition of EIR Questionnaire Surveyees

Type Composition Number of People Percentage (%)

Male 59 63.4 Gender Female 34 36.6

18 ∼ 30 23 24.7

Age Group 30∼ 40 36 38.7

>40 34 36.6

Primary school 18 19.3

Education Level Secondary school 53 57.0

College and above 22 23.7

Farmer 8 8.6

Worker 15 16.1

Management staff 3 3.2 Occupation Technical staff 4 4.3

Others 10 10.8

Did not fill in 53 57.0

Source: EIR

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Table VII.2: Summary of Questionnaire Survey Results

No. Question Answer Selection % of Surveyees

Very concern 60.2 Are you concerned with the environmental 1 Medium concern 30.1 quality of the project area? No concern 9.7 Very good 18.3 Fair 28.0 What is your view of the existing 2 General 22.6 environmental condition? Bad 20.4 Very bad 10.7 Beneficial 80.7 What is your view of the impact of this 3 Adverse 8.6 project on the environment? No impact 10.7 Improve environmental quality 52.5 What are the beneficial impacts that this Improve living standard 16.2 4 project will bring? Promote economic development 30.3 No benefit 1.0 Vegetation/Water 44.1 What are the environmental problems that Wastewater 24.5 5 need special attention during project Exhaust emission and dust 6.9 construction? Noise 14.7 Solid waste 9.8 Can be excused 85.0 What is your attitude on temporary impacts 6 Can be excused but need mitigation 10.7 during construction? Cannot be excused 4.3 Ecological environment 56.2 What is your view on the most Water environment 24.0 7 environmental impact after completion of Atmospheric environment 6.2 project construction? Noise environment 9.4 Soil environment 4.2 Endorse 97.9 8 What is your attitude on this project? Do not endorse 2.1 Source: EIR

238. Second Round of Consultation on EIR. The second round of public consultation was conducted by BIEP and the PPTA consultant on January 30, 2013 after the draft EIR was completed. It was conducted in form of a public forum by invitation (Figure VII.1). Over 100 stakeholders were invited and 96 attended, representing local communities, enterprises and schools in Dongsun sub-district. Most of the discussions were directed towards potential impacts during the construction

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stage, and how these impacts would affect the livelihood of local residents. The main concerns were air quality, noise and C&D wastes generated during the construction stage. Key questions raised by the participants and responses by BIEP and the IA are summarized in Table VII.3. BIEP presented the measures that will be implemented to mitigate such impacts during the construction stage. These mitigation measures have also been included in the EMP for this project.

Figure VII.1 Public Forum on January 30, 2013

Table VII.3: Summary of Key Questions and Responses in the Public Forum

No. Question by Participant BIEP and IA Response

1 There is a white mud piling area near the The white mud pollution problem has been considered and the white bridge crossing Dongsun Stream by the Jiayi mud will be removed under another project. Paper Mill. When it rains, the white mud would be washed into Dongsun Stream polluting the stream. Will the removal of white mud be considered in the rehabilitation of Dongsun Stream? 2 Will project construction impact on the There will be a series of measures to mitigate air, noise, wastewater livelihood of local residents? and solid waste impacts during construction, in accordance with various PRC environmental quality standards and therefore should not cause adverse impacts to local residents. However, construction activities could cause temporary inconvenience to local residents and we wish that local residents could understand and cooperate. 3 What will be the impact of construction and The government will strictly control and manage construction and demolition waste during the construction demolition waste in accordance with applicable rules and regulations stage? to minimize environmental impact, such as waste minimization at source, control against falling materials during transportation, and

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No. Question by Participant BIEP and IA Response

forbidding placement of C&D wastes in residential areas. 4 Will there be changes to air quality during Dust is the main air quality impact during construction. During construction? construction, erection of hoarding, vehicle washing, and water spraying will be implemented to suppress dust. 5 Will night time construction noise affect the Night time construction will strictly follow GB 12523-2011 to control resting of local residents? noise at construction site boundary, to ensure that normal activities of the residents will be maintained. Source: EIR

E. Future Plans for Public Participation

239. Meaningful consultation to safeguard the environment and local residents will continue throughout construction and operation phases. The IA and the BPMO will be responsible for organizing the public consultations, with the support of the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) to be hired by the IA under the loan implementation consulting services. The contractors will be required to communicate and consult with the communities in the project area of influence, especially those near road alignments and river dredging and embankment works areas. Eye-catching public notice boards will be set at each work site to provide information on the purpose of the project activity, the duration of disturbance, the responsible entities on-site (contractors, IA), and the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Contact information of all GRM entry points and the BPMO will be disclosed on the construction site information boards. Consultation will focus on public complaints about public nuisances from construction and operation activities, such as noise, asphalt fume nuisance, dust, traffic disturbance, as well as public concerns about the environment and resettlement.

240. Future consultation and participation will also include involvement of affected people during inspection and monitoring of EMP implementation during construction and operation phases through informal interviews and disclosure of monitoring reports. The EMP has accordingly provided plans for future public participation. The EMP for this project is included as Attachment EMP to this report.

241. The project environmental information will be disclosed by ADB as follows: (i) this IEE is available at www.adb.org; (ii) copies of the domestic EIR (in Chinese) are available on request at the BPMO; and, (iii) environment progress will be reported in the quarterly project progress reports and the annual environmental monitoring reports which will be disclosed on ADB’s project website (www.adb.org).

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

242. Public participation, consultation and information disclosure undertaken as part of the local EIR and the IEE process, assessment and development of resettlement plans, and consultations undertaken by the project consultants have discussed and addressed major community concerns. Continued public participation and consultation have been emphasised as a key component of successful project implementation. As a result of this public participation and safeguard assessment during the initial stages of the project, major issues of grievance are not expected. However, unforeseen issues may occur. To settle such issues effectively, a transparent grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for lodging complaints and grievances has been defined for environment related issues.

243. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channel for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project construction and operations; (iii) improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships with local communities; and (iv) build community acceptance of the project.

244. The details of the GRM are described in the EMP (Attachment EMP) and also explained during public consultation with the participants of the public forum. The GRM will be operational prior to commencement of construction works.

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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

245. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the Project. It is an essential document to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures. The full EMP is presented in Attachment EMP. It will also to the Project Administration Manual (PAM) of the Project. The EMP defines mitigation measures and describes the involved institutions and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will seek to ensure continuous improvement of environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation of the project in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse impacts. The EMP draws on the domestic EIR and on the PPTA discussions and agreements with the relevant government agencies. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design in order to be consistent with the final detailed design. The updated EMP will be disclosed on ADB’s project website.

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X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Expected Project Benefits

246. The existing 8,690 and future 34,000 Dongsun residents (2030 projection) will benefit directly from the project. The direct benefits will be a significantly improved urban living environment—that is, one that is cleaner, healthier, more pleasant and easier to move around. Indirect benefits will arise from the boost that improved infrastructure will give to economic development in general. This economic growth will create new jobs that will be particularly beneficial to the poor.

247. Embankment construction on the left bank of Youjiang will protect Dongsun residents against flooding during 1-in-50 year storm events. Rehabilitation of Dongsun Stream will improve protection against urban waterlogging during 1-in-20 year storm events. Dredging of the stream as part of the rehabilitation works will remove approximately 42 t of total nitrogen and 48 t of total phosphorus from the water system, benefiting water quality in Dongsun Stream and Youjiang.

248. This project will add 11.56 km of roads and bridges to the Dongsun sub-district, improving connectivity within the sub-district and also externally with the main urban area of Baise. This will facilitate better opportunities for employment and economic and commercial activities for the residents. While total GHG emissions will increase as a result of urban development, population growth and traffic increase, the project will contribute to slower the pace of emission increases. Improved road conditions and smoother traffic flow at higher speed would result in less carbon emissions per vehicle per mile travelled compared to congested roads with stop-and-go traffic, where CO2 emission factors for gasoline motor vehicles would decrease from approximately 500 gm CO2/mi to approximately 250 gm

CO2/mi when the vehicle speed increases from 25 mph to 75 mph (Bai, Eisinger and Niemeier 2009). 36

249. Community facilities provided in this project, including a community service center, a farmers market and a solid waste transfer station, will improve the quality of life of Dongsun sub-district residents. The solid waste transfer station will provide better solid waste management and operation, reduce illegal garbage dumping onto river and stream banks, thereby improving sanitation and community public health. Community development also includes promoting the retention of urban agriculture along the Youjiang bank, which will have the benefit or reducing heat-island effect of urban areas.

36 Bai S., D. Eisinger and D. Niemeier. 2009. MOVES vs. EMFAC: a comparison of greenhouse gas emissions using Los Angeles County. Transportation Researh Board 2009 Annual Meeting. 15 pp.

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B. Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures

250. This project will permanently take up approximately 80 ha of land, of which 16.87ha of collective land will need to be acquired, affecting 128 households and 525 people. Another 10 ha of collective land will also need to be acquired temporarily, affecting another 14 households and 51 people. There will be no project impacts on livelihoods through environmental media. Compensation and resettlement will fully meet the PRC and ADB applicable policies and requirements. No rare, threatened, or protected species has been recorded in the project areas. No physical cultural resources would be affected by this project.

251. During construction, dust from construction sites, noise from power mechanical equipment, wastewater and solid wastes generated on construction sites, and construction traffic are the main adverse impacts. Good housekeeping and effective mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels. The temporary land take areas upon completion of the construction stage will be vegetated and landscaped.

252. Impacts during operation include traffic noise on the project roads; and odor, noise and leachate from the solid waste transfer station. Mitigation measures will be in place at the solid waste transfer station to reduce impacts to acceptable levels. Road side traffic noise would exceed applicable noise standard within 45 m of Dongsun Road and within 10 m on Planned No. 2 and Planned No.3 Roads. Guidance for traffic noise mitigation for future road side developments is provided in the report.

253. Based on information gathered and assessments performed in the EIR, it is concluded that environmental impacts during the construction and operational stages of the project would be acceptable and in compliance with PRC regulations and standards and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) if the prepared EMP is implemented and monitored diligently. The EMP defines mitigation measures and monitoring requirements for the design, construction, and operational stages of the project. It is an appropriate environmental safeguard for the planned works and forms part of a comprehensive set of project management documents.

C. Risks and Assurances

254. The project has no unusual technical risks and conventional engineering designs with proven reliability and performance will be adopted for all the infrastructure components. From an environment safeguards point of view, the main risk relates to the failure of the BPMO, GBDIC and O&M units to monitor environmental impacts and implement the EMP during construction and operational stages. This risk will be mitigated by (i) providing training in environmental management under the project; (ii) appointing qualified project implementation consultants, (iii) following appropriate project

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implementation monitoring and mitigation arrangements, (iv) ADB conducting regular project reviews; and (v) project assurances covenanted in the loan and project agreement with ADB.

255. General and specific environmental project assurances are required to ensure that the project can achieve its envisaged outcome. The following section defines the assurances that will be included in the loan and project agreements.

256. BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation and decommissioning of the Project and all Project facilities comply with (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Borrower and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region relating to environment, health and safety; (b) the Environmental Safeguards; and (c) all measures and requirements set forth in the IEE, the EMP, and any corrective or preventative actions (i) set forth in a Safeguards Monitoring Report, or (ii) which are subsequently agreed between ADB and BMG.

257. BMG shall, and shall cause BDIG to, ensure that (a) all the Project facilities and Dongsun Rehabilitation facilities be designed and constructed or demolished and cleaned up in accordance with the national engineering norm and technical standards of the Borrower, and (b) all construction supervision, quality control, and contract management for the Project and for the Dongsun Rehabilitation shall be carried out in accordance with national standards and international best practices.

258. On a pilot basis, for the period prior to adoption and implementation of any proposed guidelines for contaminated sites, BMG shall test the application of such proposed guidelines in the Dongsun Rehabilitation, having reference to the Ministry of the Environment’s consultation documents including the draft Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites, Temporary Method for Environmental Management of Soil on Contaminated Sites, Guidelines for Soil Remediation of Contaminated Sites, and Technical Guidelines for Environmental Monitoring of Sites.

259. No later than 30 days after the completion of construction, BMG shall through BDIG establish an operations and maintenance plan which provides for the operation and maintenance of the Project facilities in accordance with national policies, standards and regulations, provides for future provision of services, and includes a public awareness program.

260. The Project will not finance the demolition of any industrial buildings or relocation and removal of industrial waste resulting therefrom.

261. BMG shall ensure that no Project facilities are located in any industrial use or former industrial use sites in the Project Area.

262. BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that dredged material generated in the course of implementation of the Project is tested and disposed of in accordance with national and local

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laws and regulations, and that such disposal creates no significant risk of secondary pollution.

263. BMG shall cause the contractors under the Works contracts to select and manage borrow and spoil disposal sites in accordance with the EMP and in consultation with relevant environmental protection authorities.

264. BMG shall ensure that all future developments alongside the Project roads will incorporate noise mitigation measures and will comply with the measures set forth in the EMP for ensuring that traffic noise remains within the required standards.

265. BMG shall ensure, and shall cause BDIG to ensure that the Baise city flood emergency preparedness and response mechanism is reviewed and updated no later than six months after completion of construction of Component 1. The plan shall define flood monitoring requirements, forecasting and early warning procedures, evacuation routes and temporary refuges, among others.

266. BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that a detailed analysis and calculation of design water levels accounting for the final design of Youjiang River embankment works and bridges will be conducted during the detailed engineering design stage. BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that the design of the Project facilities financed by ADB relating to the Youjiang River embankment will ensure protection from 1 in 50 year flood events without increasing the risk of floods downstream. BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that the regular progress reports to be submitted to BMG and ADB under the Project shall include monitoring data supplied by hydrological stations along the Youjiang embankment on water flows and water quality and, if monitoring of such data commences in the future, on sediment transport.

267. BMG shall take and shall cause BDIG to take necessary actions to minimize the impact of interruptions to water supply, wastewater collection, gas, electricity and other utility services during the construction of the Project facilities.

268. Without limiting the application of the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards or the REMDP, BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that no physical or economic displacement takes place in connection with the Project until:

(a) compensation and other entitlements have been provided to the displaced persons under the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards as described in and in accordance with the REMDP; and

(b) a comprehensive income and livelihood restoration program has been established in accordance with the REMDP.

269. BMG shall and shall cause BDIG to make available necessary budgetary and human resources to fully implement the EMP and the REMDP.

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270. BMG shall ensure and shall cause BDIG to ensure that all bidding documents and contracts for Works contain provisions that require contractors to:

(i) comply with the measures relevant to the contractor set forth in the IEE and the EMP (to the extent they concern impacts on the respective affected people under the Environmental Safeguards, the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards and the Indigenous Peoples Safeguards during construction), and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in (i) a Safeguards Monitoring Report, or (ii) subsequently agreed between ADB and BMG; (ii) make available a budget for all such environmental and social measures; (iii) provide BMG and ADB with a written notice of any unanticipated environmental, resettlement or indigenous peoples risks or impacts that arise during construction, implementation or operation of the Project that were not considered in the IEE, the EMP, or the REMDP; (iv) adequately record the condition of roads, agricultural land and other infrastructure prior to starting to transport materials and construction; and (v) reinstate pathways, other local infrastructure, and agricultural land to at least their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction.

271. BMG shall submit Safeguards Monitoring Reports to ADB and disclose relevant information from such reports to the respective affected people under the Environmental Safeguards, the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards and the Indigenous Peoples Safeguards, as applicable, promptly upon submission:

(i) in respect of implementation of and compliance with Environmental Safeguards and the EMP, annually during construction and the implementation of the Project and the EMP until the issuance of ADB’s Project completion report unless a longer period is agreed in the EMP; and

(ii) in respect of implementation of and compliance with Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards and Indigenous Peoples Safeguards and of the REMDP, semi-annually during the implementation of the Project, and the REMDP until the issuance of ADB’s Project completion report unless a longer period is agreed in the REMDP

272. If any unanticipated environmental and/or social risks and impacts arise during construction, implementation or operation of the Project that were not considered in the IEE, the EMP, or the REMDP, BMG will promptly inform ADB of the occurrence of such risks or impacts, with detailed description of the event and proposed corrective action plan; and report any actual or potential breach of compliance with the measures and requirements set forth in the EMP and the REMDP promptly after becoming aware of the breach.

273. BMG shall ensure that no proceeds of the Loan are used to finance any activity included in the list of prohibited investment activities provided in Appendix 5 of the SPS.

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274. BMG shall ensure that separate safeguards grievance redress mechanisms acceptable to ADB are established in accordance with the provisions of the EMP and the REMDP and within the timeframes specified in the relevant EMP and REMDP to consider safeguards complaints.

275. In coordination with the local health bureaus, BMG shall, and shall cause BDIG to ensure, that: (a) training for construction workers and local communities on HIV/AIDS prevention and control methods is carried out; (b) the Works contractors disseminate information and conduct awareness training on the risks and prevention measures of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases to their employees, temporary laborers and family members, and subcontractors during Project implementation; (c) measures to prevent other communicable diseases are implemented, within the construction sites, as specified in the EMP; and (d) the requirements of subclauses (b) and (c) are included in the Works contracts, monitored and reported quarterly to ADB through BMG.

D. Overall Conclusion

276. The domestic EIR and this IEE conclude that all identified environmental impacts can be mitigated to acceptable levels if the measures defined in the EMP are carefully implemented and monitored. The project is feasible from an environment safeguards point of view. Category B for environment is justified.

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ATTACHMENT TO INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

For the proposed Guangxi Baise Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project, People’s Republic of China

Prepared by the Baise Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank.

EMP-i

A. Introduction 1. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed for the Guangxi Baise Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (the project) and defines all potential impacts of the project components and the mitigation and protection measures with the objective of avoiding or reducing these impacts to acceptable levels. The EMP also defines the institutional arrangements and mechanisms, the roles and responsibilities of different institutions, procedures and budgets for implementation of the EMP. The EMP seeks to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation in order to prevent, reduce, or mitigate adverse impacts and risks. The EMP draws on the findings of the project IEE, the domestic EIR, the SEPP, PPTA and ADB review mission discussions and agreements with the relevant government agencies.

2. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design in order to be consistent with the final technical design. The updated EMP will be disclosed on the ADB project website and included in the Project Administration Manual (PAM). The updated EMP will also be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be made aware of their obligations to implement the EMP, and to budget EMP implementation costs in their proposals.

B. Institutional Responsibilities related to EMP implementation 3. As Executing Agency (EA), the Baise Municipal Government (BMG) will be responsible for the overall implementation and compliance with loan assurances and the EMP (including Environmental Monitoring Plan).

4. The EA has established a Baise Project Management Office (BPMO), who will be responsible, on behalf of the EA, for the day-to-day management of the project. The BPMO will have the overall responsibility to supervise the implementation of environment mitigation measures, coordinate the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and report to ADB.

5. The BPMO will appoint one environment specialist on its staff to supervise the effective implementation of the EMP and to coordinate the project level GRM. In addition, the BPMO will prepare annual environment progress reports and submit them to ADB.

6. BPMO will engage the technical engineering design institutes (DI), loan implementation consultants (LIC), and manage the procurement process. To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP provisions, BPMO with the help and technical support of Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC), will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in the IEE and EMP. BPMO will also contract the Baise Environmental Monitoring Center (BEMC) to conduct environmental monitoring during the construction and operational stages of the project in accordance with the environmental monitoring program described in the EMP.

7. Baise Project Leading Group (BPLG). The BPLG has been established for the project. The BPLG is chaired by the vice-mayor of Baise and comprises senior officials from relevant government agencies, to facilitate inter-agency coordination, and to resolve any institutional problems affecting project

EMP-1

implementation at municipal level.

8. Implementing Agency (IA). Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd. (GBDIG) will be the IA for the Project. It will implement project components, administer and monitor contractors and suppliers, and be responsible for construction supervision and quality control. GBDIG will appoint on its staff at least one dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialist to (i) supervise contractors and their compliance with the EMP; (ii) conduct regular site inspections; (iii) coordinate periodic environmental impact monitoring in compliance with the monitoring plan defined in Table EMP-4 1; (iv) act as local entry point for the project GRM; (vi) submit quarterly environmental impact monitoring results d to the BPMO and BEPB for verification and confirmation.

9. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during construction under the supervision of GBDIG and BPMO. Contractors will also conduct frequent monitoring of noise and dust around construction sites. In their bids, contractors will be required to respond to the environmental management requirements defined in the EMP. Each contractor will be required to develop site specific EMPs and will assign a person responsible for environment, health and safety. After project completion, environmental management responsibilities will be handed over to O&M units.

10. O&M Units. During the operational phase, the BPMO will supervise the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the operators (O&M Units) of the project components. The cost of mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant O&M Units, including: (i) Baise Municipal Administration Bureau (BMAB) for the operation and maintenance of roads and bridges, greening, sanitation, lighting, and solid waste collection; (ii) GBDIG for the operation and management of such commercial facilities as the market; and (iii) the Baise Water Bureau (BWB) for managing and maintaining the flood control works.

11. Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC). Under the loan implementation consultancy services, a LIEC will support the project. The LIEC will:

(i) assess the project components’ environmental readiness prior to implementation based on the readiness indicators defined in Table EMP-3 in the EMP;

(ii) support BPMO in updating the EMP including monitoring plan as necessary to revise or incorporate additional environmental mitigation and monitoring measures, budget, institutional arrangements, etc., that may be required based on the detailed design; submit to ADB for approval and disclosure; ensure compliance with the PRC’s environmental laws and regulations, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and Public Communications Policy (2011);

(iii) if required, update the IEE and EMP reports for changes in the project during detailed design or project implementation (for example if there is a major scope change) that would result in adverse environmental impacts not within the scope of the approved IEE/EMP;

1 The monitoring plan will be confirmed or revised, as needed, in the framework of the EMP update after detailed design. The Baise Environmental Monitoring Center (under the Baise Environmental Protection Bureau) will be contracted by BPMO to conduct environmental monitoring.

EMP-2

(iv) assist the BMG and BPMO to establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), and provide training for the BPMO and GRM access points (including, but not limited to, GBDIG and contractors);

(v) conduct regular EMP compliance assessments, undertake site visits as required, identify any environment-related implementation issues, and propose and oversee implementation of necessary corrective actions;

(vi) assist the BPMO to prepare annual environmental monitoring and progress reports to ADB;

(vii) provide training to BPMO, GBDIG, BMAB, BWB and contractors on environmental laws, regulations and policies, SPS 2009, EMP implementation, and GRM in accordance with the training plan defined in the EMP (Table EMP-7); and

(viii) assist the BPMO and GBDIG in conducting consultation meetings with relevant stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, updating them on the latest project development activities, GRM.

12. Overall environmental responsibilities are outlined in Table EMP-1.

Table EMP-1: Environmental Responsibility Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility Project Design Institutes on behalf of BPMO Prepare project FSRs, EIR and EMP, RPs, conduct public consultation preparation BEPB Review and approve the project EIR and EMP PPTA consultant Provide technical assistance, review EIR, prepare IEE report including EMP on behalf of EA ADB Review and approve the IEE and EMP, including disclosure Engineering Design Institutes, BPMO Incorporate mitigation measures defined in the EMP into engineering detail detail design designs; Update the EMP in cooperation with the LIEC

GBDIG, BPMO, LIEC Review updated EMP, confirm that mitigation measures have been included in engineering detail design ADB Approve updated EMP, including disclosure Tender & GBDIG, BPMO and contractors Incorporate EMP clauses in tender documents and contracts contracting ADB, LIEC Review bidding documents; confirm project’s readiness Construction GBDIG Appoint dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialist(s); supervise contractors and ensure compliance with the EMP; coordinate construction supervision and quality control; act as local entry point for the project grievance redress mechanism (GRM). BPMO Appoint one environment specialist on its staff; contract BEMC to carry out internal environmental monitoring in compliance with the approved monitoring plan supervise the effective implementation of the EMP; coordinate the project level GRM; prepare annual environment progress reports and submit them to ADB; conduct public consultation and inspect implementation of mitigation measures. Contractors Assign EMP implementation responsibilities; develop and implement site-specific EMP; ensure health and safety; implement mitigation measures; conduct frequent noise and dust monitoring around construction sites. BEMC (contracted by BPMO) Undertake environmental impact monitoring; submit quarterly monitoring results to BPMO, GBDIG, BEPB. LIEC Advise on the mitigation measures; provide comprehensive technical support to BPMO and GBDIG for environmental management; conduct training; conduct annual EMP compliance review; support BPMO in preparing annual

EMP-3

Phase Responsible Agency Environmental Responsibility environmental progress reports. BEPB Conduct inspections of all construction projects relative to compliance with PRC regulations and standards. Operation O&M Units: BMAB, GBDIG, BWB Ensure proper operation of component facilities according to design standards, and implement mitigation measures and public consultations BPMO, LIEC Conduct EMP compliance review, instruct GBDIG and O&M units on environmental management requirements; prepare annual EMP progress report until a PCR is issued.

BEMC (contracted by GBDIG) Undertake environmental impact monitoring for the first year of operation; submit monitoring results to BPMO, GBDIG, BEPB. BEPB Undertake periodic and random environmental monitoring and inspect environmental compliance ADB Review and approve environmental monitoring and EMP progress report, disclose on ADB project website Notes: ADB = Asian Development Bank; BEMC = Baise Environment Monitoring Center; BEPB = Baise Environmental Protection Bureau; BMAB = Baise Municipal Administration Bureau; BPMO = Baise Project Management Office; BWB = Baise Water Bureau; GBDIG = Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd.; GEPD = Guangxi Environmental Protection Department; LIEC = Loan Implementation Environment Consultant; EMP = Environmental Management Plan.

C. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 13. Potential environmental issues and impacts during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases, as identified in the IEE as well as corresponding mitigation measures designed to minimize the impacts are summarized in Table EMP-2. Mitigation or safeguard includes two types of environmental measures:

14. Those that will permanently become part of the infrastructure such as noise reduction materials and odor removal equipment for the solid waste transfer station. These will need to be included in the design of the facility by the design institutes, otherwise they won’t be built. The costs of building and maintaining these systems have already been included in the infrastructure construction and operating costs and therefore will not be double-counted as part of the EMP costs.

15. Those that are temporary measures particularly during the construction stage, such as dust suppression by watering and wheel washing, the use of quiet / low noise powered mechanical equipment, flocculants used to facilitate sedimentation of suspended solids in construction site runoff, etc. These will need to be included in the tender documents, otherwise they are not budgeted by the contractor and they won’t be done. The costs for implementing these measures are included in the EMP. The budgets for implementing these measures in this project add up to the amount of $200,000.

16. The mitigation measures defined in the EMP will be (i) checked and where necessary re-designed by the design institutes; (ii) incorporated into tender documents (where appropriate), construction contracts, and operational management plans; and (iii) implemented by contractors, GBDIG or the BPMO, as relevant. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on the results of the environmental impact monitoring conducted by BEMC, and through EMP compliance verification conducted by the BPMO and LIEC.

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Table EMP-2: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds

Detailed Design Stage

Design of roads and Extreme weather Road surface Consider potential impacts from extreme weather events due Design GBDIG, Included in auxiliary facilities event due to climate cracking due to to climate change in designing road surface and drainage Institute BPMO design contract change extreme cold system; weather and Technical design of the road drainage system must be flooding due to adequate to prevent the roads from being flooded; torrential rainfall The design and construction of the water supply, storm water collection, and wastewater collection pipelines must be adequate to prevent pipe burst.

Health and safety Promotion of Design must ensure public health and safety, promote Design GBDIG, Included in non-motorized non-motorized traffic, and ensure barrier-free design for Institute BPMO design contract transport, disabled people. protection of vulnerable road users Design of solid waste Air quality Odor from the Transfer station design to include odor removal equipment / Design GBDIG Included in transfer station transfer station facility Institute design contract Water quality Effluent discharge Technical design of the transfer station must have collection Design GBDIG Included in systems for leachate and workers’ wastewater, for conveying Institute design contract to municipal sewers Noise Noise during solid Technical design of the transfer station must be able to Design GBDIG Included in waste loading, contain the operational noises during loading, unloading and Institute design contract unloading and compaction of the solid waste compaction Climate change GHG emissions All building and systems designs and equipment selection Design GBDIG Included in must take into account energy efficiency, energy conservation Institute design contract and low GHG emissions; Design of the dredged Water quality Discharge of Design of the dredged sediment disposal site must include Design GBDIG Included in sediment disposal site supernatant water treatment of supernatant water Institute design contract Site drainage for Design of the dredged sediment disposal site must include Design GBDIG Included in heavy rain storm perimeter drainage for diverting overland runoff during rain Institute design contract

EMP-5

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds storm Design of River Flood protection Flood damage, Technical design of embankments must ensure flood Design GBDIG Included in embankment and downstream protection for 1 in 50 years flood flows, while at the same time Institute design contract flood protection works impacts, ensure eco-friendly embankment. Conduct detailed analysis and calculations of design water levels accounting for the final embankment and bridge design; Demonstrate that the flood control embankment will ensure protection from 1 in 50 years flood events, will not encroach on the river’s regulation line; Confirm channel conveyance capacity and water surface elevation as required in the flood control plan, and demonstrate no net increase of risk of floods downstream.

Design of community Health and safety, Energy efficiency, Technical design of the community service facilities must Design GBDIG Included in service facilities pollution prevention green procurement adopt energy efficient and green building features, and Institute design contract comply with relevant PRC standards and codes, including (but not limited to): GB 50189-2005 (Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings); GB 50176-1993 (Thermal Design Code for Public Buildings); and GB/T 50378-2006 (Evaluation Standard for Green Buildings).

Pre-construction Stage

Institutional - Lack of Appoint qualified environment specialist(s) on its staff within BPMO, LIEC ADB BMG, Loan strengthening environment the BPMO; implementatio management Conduct environment management training (with support of n TA capacities within BEPB). BPMO - Lack of Appointment of environment specialist; GBDIG, LIEC BPMO , ADB GBDIG, Loan environment Contract loan implementation environment consultants implementatio management (LIEC) within loan administration consultant services; n TA capacities within GBDIG Conduct environment management training; Contracting of Baise Environmental Monitoring Center

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Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds (BEMC) to conduct internal environment monitoring. Lack of Conduct environment management training BMAB, BWB, GBDIG GBDIG, Loan environment LIEC, implementatio management brownfield n TA capacities within management BMAB and BWB experts EMP Update - - Review mitigation measures defined in this EMP, update as GBDIG, BPMO, ADB GBDIG, Loan required to reflect detailed design, disclose updated EMP on assisted by implementatio project website, and include updated EMP in all bid LIEC n TA documents. Land-take Land acquisition Resettlement Plan Update the Resettlement Plan with final inventory. Design BPMO, ADB GBDIG confirmation and resettlement Update Institute, GBDIG Tender documents Air quality Dust (TSP) impact Put into tender documents dust suppression measures: Design GBDIG Included in to sensitive - Water unpaved areas, backfill areas and haul roads 7-8 Institute tendering receptors times each day agency contract - Erect hoarding around dusty activities - Strengthen the management of stockpile areas with frequent watering or covering with tarpaulin - Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site - Do not overload trucks for transporting earth materials to avoid spilling dusty materials onto public roads - Equip trucks for transporting earth materials with covers or tarpaulin to cover up the earthy materials during transport - Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads - Immediately cleanup all muddy or dusty materials on public roads outside the exits of the works areas - Sensibly plan the transport routes and time to avoid busy traffic and heavily populated areas when transporting earthy materials

EMP-7

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds - Immediately plan vegetation in all temporary land take areas upon completion of construction to prevent dust and soil erosion Fumes and PM Put into tender documents that these plants must (i) be Design GBDIG Included in from the asphalt enclosed and equipped with bag house filter, Air Pollutant Institute tendering mixing plant and Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996) or similar air agency the concrete pollution control equipment; (ii) be sited at least 300 meters contract batching plant away from residential areas; and (iii) comply with Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996)

Noise PME noise impact Put into tender documents the following noise mitigation Design GBDIG, Included in to sensitive measures: Institute BPMO tendering receptors - Use quiet equipment agency contract - Adopt good O&M of machinery - Use temporary hoardings or noise barriers to shield off noise sources - No night time (2200-0600 hr) construction on all planned roads (new roads). Minimize night time road construction between 2200 and 0600 hours on Dongsun Road. If night time construction is needed on Dongsun Road, consult and notify local communities beforehand - Maintain continual communication with the schools in Dongsun sub-district to avoid noisy construction activities near the schools during examination periods Water quality Construction site Put into tender documents the following measures to treat Design GBDIG, Included in wastewater impact wastewater and runoff from construction sites: Institute BPMO tendering on water bodies - Provide portable toilets and small package WWTPs for agency workers and canteens contract - Install sedimentation tanks on-site to treat process water and muddy runoff - Ensure compliance with PRC’s Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996), class III (for discharge to municipal sewer) Earthwork, Disposal or storage Specify in tender documents the borrow sites, spoil disposal Design GBDIG, Included in

EMP-8

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds quarries, borrow of excavated spoil or storage sites and that only these sites could be used. Institute BPMO tendering sites agency contract Health & safety Occupational Specify in tender documents the provision of personal safety Design GBDIG Included in health & safety of and protective equipment such as safety hats and shoes, eye Institute tendering workers goggles, respiratory masks, etc. to all construction workers. agency contract Construction traffic Traffic Construction Plan transport routes for construction vehicles and specify in Design GBDIG Included in vehicles causing tender documents to forbid vehicles from using other roads Institute, Local tendering traffic congestion and during peak traffic hours. traffic police agency contract Estimated cost for Design and Pre-construction stage: costs are included in the detail design fee and tendering agency contracts

Construction Stage

Impact on Physical Air quality Dust (TSP, PM10) Frequent watering (7-8 times per day) of unpaved areas, Contractor GBDIG; Included in Resources during construction backfill areas and haul roads; BEPB; LIEC construction Erect hoarding around dusty activities; contract Strengthen the management of stockpile areas with frequent watering or covering with tarpaulin; Minimize the storage time of construction and demolition wastes on site by regularly removing them off site; Do not overload trucks for transporting earth materials to avoid spilling dusty materials onto public roads; Equip trucks for transporting earth materials with covers or tarpaulin to cover up the earthy materials during transport; Install wheel washing equipment or conduct wheel washing manually at each exit of the works area to prevent trucks from carrying muddy or dusty substance onto public roads; Immediately cleanup all muddy or dusty materials on public roads outside the exits of the works areas; In periods of high wind, dust-generating operations shall not

EMP-9

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds be permitted within 200 m of residential areas; Material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds. For the earthwork management for backfill, measures will include surface press and periodical spraying and covering. The extra earth or dreg should be cleared from the project site in time to avoid the long term pile. The height of stockpiles should be less than 0.7m; Sensibly plan the transport routes and time to avoid busy traffic and heavily populated areas when transporting earthy materials; Build access and hauling roads at sufficient distances from residential areas, particularly from local schools; Immediately plant vegetation in all temporary land take areas upon completion of construction to prevent dust and soil erosion. Fumes and PM Place these plants at least 300 m upwind of any sensitive Contractor GBDIG; Included in from asphalt receptors; BEPB; LIEC construction mixing plant and Enclose these plants and equip them with bag house filter or contract concrete batching similar air pollution control equipment; plant Provide workers with eye goggles and respiratory masks for occupational health protection; In order to avoid odor impacts caused by channel cleaning, removed trash from the stream shall be transported quickly to the local landfill. Transport of dredged sediments will be undertaken in closed tank wagons to prevent scattering along the way and impacting the urban area; Unauthorized burning of construction waste material shall be subject to penalties for the Contractor, and withholding of payment; Conduct regular air quality monitoring at construction site boundary to confirm compliance with relevant emission and ambient air quality standards.

EMP-10

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds Noise Noise from PME Sensibly schedule construction activities, avoid noisy Contractor GBDIG; Included in and vehicles equipment working concurrently; BEPB; LIEC construction Select advanced quiet equipment and construction method, contract and tightly control the use of self-provided generators; During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard for Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-2011), and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used in village or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for concrete-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from sensitive areas; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield residences; No night time (between 2200 and 0600 hours) construction on all planned roads (new roads). Avoid night time construction on Dongsun Road recognizing that construction on existing roads occasionally would require some works to be conducted at night to take advantage of less road traffic or to avoid worsening day time traffic conditions. Night time construction work on Dongsun Road should prevent using high sound power level equipment and nearby residents should be notified of such night time activities well beforehand; Liaise with the Baise No. 4 Secondary School and Dongsun Primary School and reduce noisy construction activities or shield off noise sources using temporary hoardings or noise barriers when day time construction works are within 150 m of these schools during examination periods; Regularly monitor noise at sensitive areas (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded by more than 3dB, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;

EMP-11

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds Provide the construction workers with suitable hearing protection (ear muffs) according to the worker health protection law of the PRC; Control speed of bulldozer, excavator, crusher and other transport vehicles travelling on site, adopt noise reduction measures on equipment, strengthen equipment repair and maintenance to keep them in good working condition; Limit the speed of vehicles travelling on site (less than 8 km/hr), forbid the use of horns unless absolutely necessary, minimize the use of whistles; Maintain continual communication with the schools in Dongsun sub-district to avoid noisy activities near the schools during examination periods. Surface water Uncontrolled Provide portable toilets and small package WWTPs for the Contractor GBDIG; Included in wastewater and workers and canteens; BEPB; LIEC construction muddy runoff from Install interim storage tanks and pipelines to convey contract construction sites wastewater to municipal sewers; and work camps Install sedimentation tanks on-site to treat process water (e.g. concrete batching for bridge construction) and muddy runoff with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants such as PAM will be used to facilitate sedimentation; Repair and wash construction machinery at special repairing shops. No onsite machine repair and washing shall be allowed; Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits; The contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and must be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88). Material stockpiles will be protected against wind and runoff

EMP-12

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds waters which might transport them to surface waters. Any spills are cleaned up according to PRC norms and codes within 24 hours of the occurrence, with contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC norms and codes. Records must be handed over without delay to the City PMOs, PIUs and local EPBs Bridge Avoid rainy season from May to October for construction of Contractor GBDIG; Included in construction bridge foundations to minimize potential water quality impact; BEPB; LIEC construction crossing Dongsun Adopt mitigation measures such as placement of sandbags contract Stream or berms around foundation works areas to contain muddy water runoff; Pump slurry from pile drilling in the river bed to shore; Pier construction in the river will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow. Sediment dredging Increased SS in Conduct dry dredging in shallow water sections of Dongsun Contractor GBDIG; Included in Dongsun Stream, Stream (chainage K1+800 ∼ K3+200) and grab dredging in BEPB; LIEC construction supernatant water deep water sections of Dongsun Stream (chainage K0+000 contract management, ∼ K1+800 and K3+200 ∼ K4+000); dredged material Transport dredged sediment (60,000 m3 wet) from Dongsun treatment and Stream in sealed containers to designated dredged material disposal. treatment and disposal site located near the east bank of Dongsun Stream at chainage K3+150 ∼ K3+250; Discharge of supernatant water from the dredged sediment disposal site to municipal sewer; Conduct chemical testing to confirm that quality of treated sediments complies with PRC’s Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995) Class 2 standards on heavy metals and pesticides; Solid waste C&D waste, Establish enclosed waste collection points on site, with Contractor GBDIG; Included in municipal solid separation of domestic waste and C&D waste; BEPB; LIEC construction waste Set up centralized domestic waste collection point and contract transport offsite for disposal regularly by sanitation

EMP-13

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds department; Reuse C&D waste for filling and foundations of other construction works specified by the municipal and planning departments, or transport in enclosed containers to designated C&D landfill site. Earthwork, Soil Soil erosion, Implement soil erosion protection measures as defined in the Contractor GBDIG; Included in Erosion Protection inadequate spoil Soil Erosion Protection Plan, including (but not limited to): BEPB; LIEC construction disposal and - Confirm location of the borrow pits and spoil disposal sites; contract borrow site operation - Construct intercepting ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering construction sites, and diverting runoff from sites to existing drainage; - Limit construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; - Stabilize all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on; - Stockpiles shall be short-termed, placed in sheltered and guarded areas near the actual construction sites, covered with clean tarpaulins, and sprayed with water during dry and windy weather conditions; - All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites; - Immediately restore, level and plant landscape on temporary occupied land upon completion of construction works. - Unauthorized extraction or disposal at other sites or deviating from established quota would be subject to withheld payments and to penalties.

EMP-14

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds Impact on ecological Impacts on fauna Destruction of Preserve existing vegetation on construction sites where no Contractor GBDIG;; Included in resources and flora vegetation and civil works are planned; BEPB; LIEC construction habitats for small Protect existing trees and grassland during road, bridge and contract animals of sewer network constructions; where a tree has to be common species removed or an area of grassland disturbed, replant trees and re-vegetate the area after construction; Remove trees or shrubs only as the last resort if they impinge directly on the permanent works or approved necessary temporary works. Impact on Occupational health Construction site Provide adequate and functional systems for sanitary Contractor GBDIG;; Included in socio-economic and safety sanitation, Pest conditions, toilet facilities, waste management, labor BEPB; LIEC construction resources control dormitories and cooking facilities; contract Effectively clean and disinfect the site. During site formation, spray with phenolated water for disinfection. Disinfect toilets and refuse piles and timely remove solid waste; Exterminate rodents on site at least once every 3 months, and exterminate mosquitoes and flies at least twice each year; Provide public toilets in accordance with the requirements of labor management and sanitation departments in the living areas on construction site, and appoint designated staff responsible for cleaning and disinfection; Work camp wastewater shall be discharged into the municipal sewer system; Occupational Provide safety hats and shoes to all construction workers and Contractor GBDIG; Included in safety enforce their use by the workers; BEPB; LIEC construction Provide goggles and respiratory masks to workers doing contract asphalt road paving; Provide ear plugs to workers working near noisy PME, especially during piling of bridge foundations.

EMP-15

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds Food safety Inspect and supervise food hygiene in cafeteria on site Contractor GBDIG; Included in regularly; BEPB; LIEC construction Cafeteria workers must have valid health permits. contract If food poisoning is discovered, implement effective control measures immediately to prevent it from spreading. Disease All contracted labor shall undergo a medical examination Contractor GBDIG; Included in prevention and which should form the basis of an (obligatory) health/accident BEPB; LIEC construction safety awareness insurance and welfare provisions to be included in the work contract contracts; The contractors shall maintain records of health and welfare conditions for each person contractually engaged; Establish health clinic at location where workers are concentrated, which should be equipped with common medical supplies and medication for simple treatment and emergency treatment for accidents; Specify (by the IA and contractors) the person responsible for health and epidemic prevention responsible for the education and propaganda on food hygiene and disease prevention to raise the awareness of workers. Social conflicts Civil works contracts shall stipulate priorities to (i) employ Contractor GBDIG; Included in local people for works, (ii) ensure equal opportunities for BEPB; LIEC construction women and men, (iii) pay equal wages for work of equal contract value, and to pay women’s wages directly to them; and (iv) not employ child or forced labor. Community health Temporary traffic A traffic control and operation plan will be prepared together Contractor, GBDIG, LIEC BMG (traffic and safety management with the local traffic management authority prior to any local traffic police construction. police, GBDIG department) The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings with an emphasis on ensuring public safety through clear signs, controls and planning in advance.

EMP-16

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds Information Inform residents and businesses in advance through media GBDIG BPMO, LIEC GBDIG disclosure of the construction activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption.

Access to Clear signs will be placed at construction sites in view of the Contractor GBDIG, LIEC Included in construction sites public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving construction vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc. and raising contract awareness on safety issues. All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate. Utility services Assess construction locations in advance for potential Contractor, GBDIG;; Included in interruptions disruption to services and identify risks before starting local service BEPB; LIEC construction construction; providers contract If temporary disruption is unavoidable, develop a plan to minimize the disruption in collaboration with relevant local authorities such as power company, water supply company and communication company, and communicate the dates and duration in advance to all affected people. Grievance Redress Handling and Establish a GRM, appoint a GRM coordinator within BPMO; BPMO, ADB BPMO budget, Mechanism resolving Brief and provide training to GRM access points; GBDIG Loan TA complaints by contractors Disclose GRM to affected people before construction begins at the main entrance to each construction site; Maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. Physical cultural Destruction of Contractor must comply with PRC's Cultural Relics Protection Contractor GBDIG;; Included in resources cultural relics in Law and Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation cultural relics construction stream bed and Regulations if such relics are discovered, stop work bureau; LIEC contract soil immediately and notify the relevant authorities, adopt protection measures and notify the Security Bureau to protect the site.

Estimated cost for the Construction Stage: $200,000

EMP-17

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds

Operational Stage

Roads and bridges Traffic emissions Ambient air quality Regular ambient air quality compliance monitoring will be BEMC BMG Operational and noise undertaken by BEMC - NO2, CO, TSP, PM10, SO2 budget of monitoring (GB 3095-1996) BEPB/BEMC Air quality and The first row of developments on both sides of Dongsun BEPB, BDRC BMG BDRC noise impact to Road within 35 m from the road red line should install on the future roadside façade facing Dongsun Road with double glazed window developments capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 45 m from the road red line on Dongsun Road. If there is no first row building within 35 m from Dongsun Road red line to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 180 m from the road red line in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. On Planned No. 2 Road and Planned No. 3 Road, the first row of building shall be at least 10 m from the road red lines. Should there be any new building within 10 m from the red lines for these roads, double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction should be installed on the façade facing these roads. If there is no first row building within 35 m from Planned No. 2 Road and Planned No. 3 Road red lines to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 60 m from the road red lines or installed with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction on the façade facing

EMP-18

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds these roads in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on these roads. If there is no first row building within 35 m from Planned No. 4 Road red line to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 34 m from the road red line or installed with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction on the façade facing the road in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on this road. If there is no first row building within 35 m from Planned No.7 Road red line to provide noise shielding effect, any development beyond 35 m from the road red line would need to be at least 27 m from the road red line or installed with double glazed window capable of 15-25 dB(A) noise reduction on the façade facing the road in order to comply with Functional Area Category 2 noise standard. No school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on this road. On Planned No. 17, No. 18, No. 19 and No. 20 Roads, no school, residential building and hospitals and medical clinics should be built within 10 m from the road red line on these roads.

Traffic safety Transport safety, Strictly enforce traffic law to improve road safety and reduce Baise Traffic BMG BTP’s transport of traffic accidents; Police (BTP) operation dangerous goods , Project roads will be fully incorporated into the local budget toxic spills emergency preparedness and response plan to comply with PRC regulations and the World Bank Group’s EHS Guidelines (General Guidelines, Toll Roads); Strictly enforce traffic law to prohibit large vehicles carrying

EMP-19

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds dangerous goods travelling on the urban roads and bridges; Speed limits will be stringently enforced. Wastewater, solid Pollution from Regular inspection and maintenance of sewers. BMAB BEPB BMAB’s waste storm water runoff, Routinely collect and properly dispose litter and debris from operation wastewater, solid sidewalks, driveways, and parking lots, especially near budget waste rivers; Place garbage containers along roads;

Flood Control Works Flood Emergency Response to Update early flood warning and emergency response BWB GBDIG; BWB’s and Dongsun Stream Preparedness and Above-Standard mechanism for Baise City, accounting for new flood control BEPB operation Rehabilitation Response floods works. The mechanism shall consider safety of evacuation budget routes and locations of safe temporary refuge, among other matters. Even for floods below the design flood protection standard, the flood monitoring and forecasting system should be used to warn the community of approximate flood peak levels expected so that activities undertaken near or on the channel banks (mainly urban agriculture) can be suspended. Regularly monitor river hydrology, morphology and sediment transport. Youjiang Waterfront Solid waste Solid wastes along walkways will be regularly collected, and BWB GBDIG; BWB’s Promenade collection, disposed of in local sanitary landfill; BEPB operation Sanitation sanitation facilities, Public toilets will collect wastewater onsite, which will be budget wastewater conveyed via public sewer to the Baise WWTP. collection Dongsun Stream Solid waste Appoint sufficient personnel to regularly maintain the stream, BWB GBDIG; BWB’s collection, including removal of garbage and vegetation which may BEPB operation dredging impair flood flow capacity. budget The stream will require maintenance dredging from time to time.

Community Facilities Solid waste transfer Noise and odor A minimum width of buffer zone and greening belt will be BMAB GBDIG; BMAB’s station nuisance, water ensured for the proposed new transfer station in accordance BEPB operation quality impact with “Technical Specifications for Domestic Solid Waste budget Transfer Stations” (CJJ47-2006);

EMP-20

Potential Impact Implementin Supervising Source of Item Impact Factor Mitigation Measures and/or Issues g Entity Entity funds The transfer station will be fully enclosed to minimize noise and odor released to the surrounding environment; ventilation within the workshop will be ensured; High-noise equipment will be installed indoors; the buildings will be designed with sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials; Air curtains will be installed at the inlet of the transfer station for unloaded MSW to prevent the emission of odor and dust; dust removal using the spray system plus gravity sedimentation technique will be installed; Leachate from the transfer station will be pretreated on site (septic tank) before being discharged into the municipal sewage network and sent to the municipal WWTP for treatment; the floor of the transfer station will be sealed to prevent any potential seepage and pollution of groundwater. Equipment and workshops will be regularly cleaned with the spraying of disinfectant and deodorant in order to control odor generation and as pest control; An odor control system will be installed for odor suction and treatment (using chemical spray plus activated carbon adsorption) to make sure that H2S concentration is less than 0.1mg/Nm3 and the NH3 concentration is less than 1mg/Nm3; Ambient noise and odor monitoring will be performed to determine whether further mitigation measure is required or not. Market Septic tanks will be installed at the market to pre-treat the GBDIG BPMO; BEPB GBDIG’s wastewater according to CJ 3082-1999 (Discharge Standard operation for Municipal Wastewater), before discharging into the budget municipal trunk sewer for treatment at the Chengdong WWTP. Solid waste will be regularly collected and transported to the solid waste transfer station.

Estimated cost for the Operational Stage: the cost will be included in the O&M budget

EMP-21

EMP-22

D. Monitoring and Reporting 17. Monitoring will include project readiness monitoring (to be conducted by the LIEC), environmental impact monitoring (to be conducted by the Baise Environmental Monitoring Center under the Baise Environmental Protection Bureau; as well as by the contractors who will be required to conduct frequent noise and air quality monitoring around construction sites), external environmental monitoring which is routinely undertaken by the Baise Environmental Protection Bureau for enforcement purposes, and EMP monitoring to verify EMP compliance during project implementation and project operation (to be conducted by BPMO and LIEC). Monitoring and reporting arrangements defined for this project are described below.

18. Assessment of project readiness. Before construction, the LIEC will assess the project’s readiness in terms of environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table EMP-3) and report it to ADB and the BPMO. This assessment will demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction starts, or suggest corrective actions to ensure that all requirements are met.

Table EMP-3: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators

Indicator Criteria Assessment

 The EMP was updated after technical detail design, EMP update Yes No approved by ADB, and disclosed on the project website  The borrower complies with loan covenants related to Compliance with loan project design and environmental management planning Yes No covenants

Public involvement  Meaningful consultation completed Yes No effectiveness  GRM established with entry points Yes No  LIEC is in place Yes No  Environment specialist appointed by GBDIG Yes No Environmental  Environment specialist appointed by BPMO Yes No Supervision in place  Environment monitoring center contracted by GBDIG Yes No  Contractors have site-specific EMPs Yes No  Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the environmental activities and safeguards listed as loan Yes No Bidding documents and assurances contracts with  Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the environmental impact mitigation and environmental management Yes No safeguards provisions of the EMP  Environmental requirements of EMP included in contract Yes No documents for construction contracts  The required funds have been set aside by GBDIG, EMP financial support contractors and the O&M units to support the EMP Yes No implementation

19. Environmental Impact Monitoring. Table EMP-4 shows the environmental impact monitoring program specifically designed for this project, defining the requirements, including, scope, location, parameter, duration and frequency of monitoring during the construction and operational stages. Environmental impact monitoring will include monitoring of air quality, noise and water quality as described in Table EMP-4. Environmental impact monitoring during construction and operation will be conducted by

EMP-24

the Baise Environment Monitoring Center (BEMC), contracted by BPMO. The budget for environmental impact monitoring has been estimated at $105,000. The monitoring program will be included in the project tendering documents, as well as the construction and operation contracts.

20. The environmental monitoring results will be compared with relevant PRC performance standards (Table EMP-5), and non-compliance with these standards will be highlighted in the monitoring reports. Monitoring results will be submitted by BEMC to BPMO and GBDIG quarterly, and will be reported in the annual environmental monitoring reports by BPMO (with the support of the LIEC, see reporting plan in Table EMP-6).

Table EMP-4: Environmental Impact Monitoring Program

Monitoring Monitoring Frequency & Implementing Supervising Item Monitoring Location Parameter Duration Entity Entity

Construction Stage

Dust, TSP, LAeq At boundaries of all construction sites 2 times per day, once per Contractor GBDIG fumes, week during construction and noise period Air quality TSP, 15 locations: 1 day (24-hr continuous BEMC BPMO; BEPB

(SO2 & NOx 1. Electro-motor Factory dormitory sampling) per month (contracted only if there is community during construction period through BPMO) asphalt mixing 2. Dongsun Community Service within 300 m of Center monitoring 3. Bureau of Mine community locations) 4. Dongsun Mine staff dormitory 5. Baise Mining staff dormitory 6. Thermal Power Plant dormitory community 7. Thermal Power Plant dormitory community 8. Dongsun No. 1 Group 9. Dongsun No. 2 Group 10. Dongsun No. 3 Group 11. Dongsun No. 4 Group 12. Dongsun No. 5 Group 13. Dongsun No. 6 Group 14. Baise No. 4 Secondary School 15. Dongsun :Primary School

Noise LAeq 15 locations (same as for air quality) 2 times per day (day time BEMC BPMO; BEPB and night time); 1 day per (contracted month during construction through BPMO) period Water SS Dongsun Stream dredging: 1 time per day; 1 day per BEMC BPMO; BEPB quality 2 locations at each dredging section: month during construction (contracted 1. 50 m upstream of the dredging period through BPMO) section (control station) 2. 100 m downstream of the dredging section (impact station) Dredged sediment disposal site: 1 location at the discharge point for

EMP-25

Monitoring Monitoring Frequency & Implementing Supervising Item Monitoring Location Parameter Duration Entity Entity

Construction Stage

supernatant water Bridge construction sites: 2 locations at each bridge crossing 1. 50 m upstream of the bridge (control station) 2. 100 m downstream of the bridge (impact station)

Embankment works on Youjiang: 11 locations, starting at 500 m upstream of the embankment section at 500 m distance separation along the embankment section, with each location at 25 m off the Youjiang left bank. Soil Location: 5 drill rod observation 1 time per day; Contractor BPMO; BWB erosion locations in the main works area, 4 drill 1 day every 2 months at rod observation locations at the dredged main works area,1 day sediment disposal site area, 1 site every 3 months at inspection location at each temporary disposal site and works area temporary works area Leachate SS, BOD, Dredged sediment treatment site 1 time per day, 1 day per BEMC BPMO, BEPB quality COD, LAS month during construction (contracted period. through BPMO)

Soil Cd, Hg, As, Dredged sediment treatment site Once prior to material BEMC BPMO, BEPB quality Cu, Pb, DDT, excavation and transport (contracted others through BPMO) Occup. Audit of Construction sites Once per month during GBDIG BPMO Health & occupational construction period Safety health & safety of workers on construction sites

Operational Stage (first year)

Air quality PM10, NO2 15 locations same as those during the 1 time per day; 1 day BEMC BPMO; BEPB construction stage every 3 months (contracted

NH3, H2S At downwind site boundary of the solid 1 time per day; 1 day through BPMO) waste transfer station every 3 months

Noise LAeq 15 locations same as those during the 2 times per day (day time BEMC BPMO; BEPB construction stage and night time); 1 day (contracted At site boundary of the solid waste every 3 months through BPMO) transfer station Water BOD, COD, 3 locations along Youjiang section, 3 1 time per day; 1 day per BEMC BPMO, BEPB quality DO, NH3-N, locations along Dongsun Stream month (contracted fecal coliform through BPMO) bacteria Mosquitoe Density At solid waste transfer station 2 times per month during BEMC BPMO, BEPB

EMP-26

Monitoring Monitoring Frequency & Implementing Supervising Item Monitoring Location Parameter Duration Entity Entity

Construction Stage s and flies April to November (contracted through BPMO) Total estimated cost: $105,000 Notes: BEPB = Baise Environmental Protection Bureau;; BEMC = Baise Environmental Monitoring Center; BWB = Baise Water Bureau; GBDIG = Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd

Table EMP-5: Monitoring Indicators and Applicable PRC Standards1

Period Indicator Standard

Construction TSP Class II Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) Fume from asphalt mixing plant Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standard (GB 16297-1996)

(SO2, NOx) Noise limits of PME at boundary of Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site construction site (GB 12523-2011) Water quality during dredging and No PRC standard. Use upstream (of the dredging works) location as control embankment construction (SS) station and downstream location as the impact station. If the SS level at the downstream location is >130% of the upstream location, mitigation measures such as reducing the dredging rate or changing the dredging equipment will be implemented Quality of wastewater from PRC’s Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996), class III construction sites and supernatant (for discharge to municipal sewer) water from dredged sediment disposal sites (SS, BOD, COD, LAS) Operation Traffic noise at sensitive receptor Noise standard for Category 4a Functional Area in Environmental Quality within 35 m of road red line Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) Traffic noise at sensitive receptor Noise standard for Category 2 Functional Area in Environmental Quality beyond 35 m of road red line Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) Air quality from traffic emissions Class II Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996)

(PM10, and NO2) Surface water quality of Youjiang Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB 3838-2002, . and Dongsun Stream (DO, COD, Category III standard for Youjiang and Dongsun Stream BOD, NH3-N, fecal coliform bacteria)

21. EMP Monitoring. EMP monitoring will be undertaken by the BPMO, with support of the LIEC. BPMO will report to ADB the project’s adherence to the EMP, information on project implementation, environmental performance of the contractors, and environmental compliance through semiannual project

1 The project applies PRC standards. A comparison of PRC standards with internationally accepted standards (as defined in the World Bank’s Environment Health and Safety Guidelines) was conducted and is described in Chapter 2. The comparison confirmed that PRC standards are either internationally accepted, or have comparable standard limits with internationally accepted standards. A deviation from PRC practices and standards would make the task of compliance monitoring authorities unnecessary complicated, and is deemed not justified.

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progress reports and annual environmental monitoring reports (Table EMP-6). Semiannual progress reports by the BPMO to ADB will include a summary of EMP implementation progress. The LIEC will support the BPMO in developing the annual environmental monitoring reports. The reports should confirm the project’s compliance with the EMP, local legislation such as PRC EIA requirements, and identify any environment related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions. The performance of the contractors in respect of environmental compliance will also be reported. The operation and performance of the project GRM, environmental institutional strengthening and training, and compliance with all covenants under the project will also be included in the report.

22. Environmental Acceptance Monitoring and Reporting. Within three months after each component completion, or no later than 1 year with permission of the BEPB, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports of each component completion shall be: (i) prepared by a licensed environmental monitoring institute in accordance with the PRC Management Method for Acceptance of Environmental Protection at Construction Project Completion (MEP, 2001), (ii) reviewed for approval of the official commencement of individual component operation by environmental authorities, and (iii) finally reported to ADB (Table EMP-6). The environmental acceptance reports of the component completions will indicate the timing, extent, effectiveness of completed mitigation and of maintenance, and the needs for additional mitigation measures and monitoring during operations.

Table EMP-6: Reporting Plan Reporting Reports From To Frequency

Construction Phase

Progress reports by Internal project progress report by construction Contractors GBDIG Monthly contractors contractors, including monitoring results Environmental impact Environmental impact monitoring report BEMC BEPB, BPMO, Quarterly monitoring GBDIG Reports to ADB Project progress report (including section on EMP BPMO ADB Semiannual implementation and monitoring) Environment progress and monitoring reports BPMO ADB Annually

Operational Phase

Environmental impact Environmental impact monitoring report (until a PCR BEMC BEPB, BPMO, Quarterly (until a monitoring is issued) GBDIG, PCR is issued) Reports to ADB Project progress report (including section on EMP BPMO ADB Quarterly implementation and monitoring) Environment progress and monitoring report BPMO ADB Annually (until a PCR is issued) Notes: ADB = Asian Development Bank; BEMC = Baise Environment Monitoring Center; BEPB = Baise Environmental Protection Bureau BPMO = Baise Project Management Office; GBDIG = Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd

E. Institutional Capacity Building and Training 23. The capacity of BPMO, GBDIG, O&M units such as BMAB and BWB, and contractors’ staff responsible for EMP implementation and supervision will be strengthened. All parties involved in implementing and supervising the EMP must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and practices of

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project environmental management. The project will address the lack of capacities and expertise in environmental management through (i) institutional capacity building, and (ii) training.

24. Institutional strengthening. The capacities of the BPMO and GBDIG to coordinate environmental management will be strengthened through a set of measures:

i. The appointment of qualified environment specialist(s) within the BPMO staff to be in charge of EMP coordination, including GRM and coordination of environmental impact monitoring, training, reporting, etc.;

ii. The appointment of a national environmental specialist under the loan implementation consultancy to guide BPMO and GBDIG in implementing the EMP and ensure compliance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009); and

iii. The appointment of environment specialist(s) by the GBDIG on its staff to conduct regular site inspections.

iv. The contracting of one international and one national expert in brownfield rehabilitation (see capacity building section below).

25. Training. The BPMO, GBDIG, contractors and O&M units will receive training in EMP implementation, supervision, and reporting, and on the Grievance Redress Mechanism (Table EMP-7). Training will be facilitated by the LIEC with support of other experts under the loan implementation consultant services. The budget for training is estimated at $8,800.

Table EMP-7: Training Program Cost Period No. of Total Training Attendees Contents Times ($/person (days) persons Cost /day) EMP adjustment BPMO, Development and adjustment Twice - 2 15 80 $4,800 and implementation GBDIG, of the EMP, roles and Once prior to, contractors responsibilities, monitoring, and once after supervision and reporting one year of procedures, review of project experience (after 12 months) implementation Grievance Redress BPMO, Roles and responsibilities, Twice - 1 10 80 $1,600 Mechanism GBDIG, Procedures, review of Once prior to, contractors, experience (after 12 months) and once after BEPB one year of project implementation Environmental BPMO, Pollution control technologies, Once (during 2 10 80 $1,600 technologies and GBDIG, contaminated land project processes contractors, remediation technologies, implementation) BMAB, BWB equipment selection and procurement Environmental BPMO, Monitoring methods, data Once (at 1 10 80 $800 monitoring GBDIG, collection and processing, beginning of contractors, reporting systems project BMAB, BWB construction) Total estimated cost: $8,800 Notes: BPMO = Baise Project Management Office; BEPB = Baise Environmental Protection Bureau; BMAB = Baise Municipal Administration Bureau; BWB = Baise Water Bureau; GBDIG = Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd

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26. Capacity building. In addition to training pertaining to EMP implementation, the project will provide a substantial capacity building package on institutional development, integrated urban development, community development and project management to ensure effective implementation of the project and sustainable O&M of the project facilities.

27. Also provided will be a capacity building package on environmental management, focusing on deconstruction and remediation of industrial sites. The project will provide technical assistance and training to BDIG in remediation of contaminated soils with a view to minimizing environmental risks in Dongsun during and after area development. Specifically, one international and one national brownfield remediation specialist will be contracted to provide assistance to BDIG in (i) applying existing national draft guidelines for soil remediation and environmental cleanup; (ii) preparing a detailed soil remediation plan for Dongsun area that takes into account the national draft guidelines as well as international best practices in this area; and (iii) monitoring the implementation of the soil remediation plan. The specialists will also evaluate the application of the national draft guidelines to Dongsun area, and prepare a short report identifying strengths and weaknesses for consideration by the national Ministry of Environment and other parties involved in finalizing the guidelines.

28. With regard to community development, the project will contribute to strengthening the existing Dongsun Neighborhood Committee to be able to represent the entire population of Dongsun in the area rehabilitation process. This will involve strengthening the capacity of the organization through technical assistance. In addition, technical assistance will be provided to BMG for development of the policy regulatory framework for community development. Consultants will be hired to carry out the following tasks: (i) assess the existing capabilities of Dongsun Neighborhood Committee (DNC); (ii) prepare and implement an institutional development plan that focuses on administration, financial management, community outreach, formulation of development plans, and negotiation; and (iii) through a combination of training, technical assistance, and domestic study tours, strengthen the ability of DNC to represent local residents in dealings with BMG related to resettlement, housing development, and local economic development. In addition, the consultants will provide technical assistance to Baise Municipal Development and Reform Commission to improve the policy and regulatory framework for community development and local area rehabilitation. The intention is to define systems and procedures for greater community participation in the planning and implementation of such projects. This may include resettlement plans being prepared partially on the preferences and priorities of local residents that are consulted early in the planning process. These inclusive participation systems will also be applied to the local economic development process in Dongsun, as there is still scope for defining the specific economic sectors and types of economic activities to be promoted in Dongsun.

F. Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure

29. Consultation during Project Preparation. Chapter VII of the report has described the meaningful public participation and consultation implemented during project preparation.

30. Future Public Consultation Plan. Plans for public involvement during construction and operation

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stages have been developed during project preparation. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages through informal interviews and disclosure of monitoring reports; and (ii) interviewing the public at project completion stage. These plans will include several types of public involvement, including site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and public hearings, as indicated in Table EMP-8. The budget for public consultation is estimated at approximately $7,100.

Table EMP-8: Public Consultation Plan

Organizer Format No. of Times Subject Attendees Budget

Construction Stage

BPMO Public consultation & 4 times: 1 time before Adjusting of mitigation Residents adjacent to $3,200 site visit construction measures, if necessary; components, commences and 1 time construction impact; representatives of social each year during comments and suggestions sectors construction BPMO, Expert workshop or As needed based on Comments and Experts of various $1,300 GBDIG press conference public consultation suggestions on mitigation sectors, media measures, public opinions GBDIG Resettlement survey As required by relevant Comments on resettlement, Persons affected by Included in resettlement plan improvement of living resettlement and the conditions, livelihood, and relocation resettlement poverty reduction; plan update comments and suggestions survey budget Operational Stage GBDIG, O&M Public consultation Once in the first year Effectiveness of mitigation Residents adjacent to $1,300 Units and site visits measures, impacts of component sites, operation, comments and representatives of suggestions residents and representatives of social sectors GBDIG, O&M Expert workshop or As needed based on Comments and Experts of various $1,300 Units press conference public consultation suggestions on operational sectors, media impacts, public opinions Total budget: $7,100 Notes: BPMO = Baise Project Management Office; GBDIG = Guangxi Baise Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd; O&M = Operation and Maintenance

G. Grievance Redress Mechanism 31. Public participation, consultation and information disclosure undertaken as part of the local EIA process have discussed and addressed major community environmental concerns. Continued public participation and consultation has been emphasized as a key component of successful project implementation. As a result of this public participation and safeguard assessment during the initial stages of the project, major issues of grievance are not expected. However, unforeseen issues may occur. To settle such issues effectively, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) providing effective and transparent channels for lodging and addressing complaints and grievances has been defined. The GRM will be established prior to construction of the project components. The GRM is responsive to ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and PRC legislation.

32. The Proposed Project GRM. In consultation with the BPMO, GBDIG, BEPB and potentially

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affected people, it was agreed that the BPMO will establish a complaints center and coordinate the GRM for the project. Other GRM entry points will include: (i) the contractors; (ii) O&M Units; and (iii) GBDIG. Contact details for the complaints center and the entry points will be publicly disseminated on information boards at construction sites and nearby communities/villages. Multiple means of using this mechanism, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be available. In the construction and the operational periods until ADB’s project completion report (PCR), the BPMO will report progress to the ADB, and this will include reporting complaints and their resolution.

33. Basic steps for resolving complains are as follows and illustrated in Figure EMP-1:

Step 1: For environmental problems during the construction stage, the affected person (AP) can register his/her complaint directly with the contractors. Contractors are required to set up a complaint hotline and designate a person in charge of handling complaints, and advertise the hotline number at the main entrance to each construction site. The contractors are required to maintain and update a Complaint Register to document all complaints. The contractors are also required to respond to the complainant in writing within 7 calendar days on their proposed solution and how it will be implemented. If the problem is resolved and the complainant is satisfied with the solution, the grievance handling ends here. The contractors are required to report complaints received, handled, resolved and unresolved to GBDIG and BPMO monthly.

Step 2: For environmental problems that could not be resolved at the contractor level, and for complaints during the operational stage, the affected person (AP) can take the grievance to GBDIG and/or, BEPB (BEPB must notify the GBDIG and register the complaint). GBDIG must reply to each complain in writing within 14 calendar days on the proposed solution and how it will be implemented. If the problem is resolved and the complainant is satisfied with the solution, GBDIG should register the complaint and resolution process in its Complaint Register, with quarterly reporting to BPMO.

Step 3: If the AP is not satisfied with the proposed solutions in Step 2, he/she can, upon receiving the reply, take the grievance to the BPMO complaints center. Upon receiving the complaint, the center must deal with it within 14 calendar days. Once a complaint is registered and put on file, the BPMO complaints center will immediately notify ADB. After discussing the complaint and potential solutions among BPMO, the LIEC, AP, the contractor and ADB, BPMO must provide clear answers to the complainant within 14 calendar days from when the complaint is documented and put on file.

34. The tracking and documenting of grievance resolutions by BPMO (through its complaints center) will include the following elements: (i) tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); (ii) dedicated staff to update the database routinely; (iii) a system to periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; (iv) processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and (v) procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports to the ADB.

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GRM access points

Figure EMP-1: Proposed Grievance Redress Mechanism

H. Cost Estimates 35. Cost estimates for EMP implementation, including mitigation measures, environmental impact monitoring, public consultation and training as presented in Tables A.2, A.4, A.7 and A.8 are summarized in Table EMP-9. Total budget for implementing these 4 items of the EMP is therefore $320,900. Excluded from the costs estimates are infrastructure costs which relate to environment and public health but which are already included in the project direct costs. Excluded are also capacity building packages, the remuneration costs for environment specialists who are staff members within BPMO and GBDIG, loan implementation consultants, and technical experts on equipment operation and maintenance, which are covered elsewhere in the project budget.

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Table EMP-9: Estimated Budget for Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan

EMP Item Estimated Cost

Mitigation measures $200,000

Environmental impact monitoring $105,000

Training $8,800

Public consultation $7,100

Total $320,900

36. BPMO will bear all environmental impact monitoring costs during the construction stage and the operational stage (at least during first year of operation, and until a PCR is issued) and will ensure the necessary budgets are available for the Baise Environmental Monitoring Center. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, including those specified in the tender and contract documents as well as those to mitigate unforeseen impacts due to their construction activities. The O&M units will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation. GBDIG and BPMO will bear the costs related to environmental supervision by its own staff. The project as a whole (through BPMO) will bear the costs for training, for coordinating the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), and the Loan Implementation Environment Consultants under contract to BPMO.

I. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 37. The EMP will be updated as needed by GBDIG with assistance from the LIEC when there are design changes, changes in construction methods and program, poor environmental monitoring results, and if mitigation measures prove to be ineffective or inadequate. Based on environmental monitoring and reporting systems in place, GBDIG (with the support of the LIEC) shall assess whether further mitigation measures or improvement in environmental management practices are required as corrective actions. BPMO will inform ADB promptly on any changes to the project and needed adjustments to the EMP. The updated EMP will be submitted by BPMO to ADB for review and approval, and will be disclosed on the project website.

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BMG ADB

BPMO BEPB

Loan implem. BDIG Consultant, including LIEC

Public complaints

EMS, CSC

Contractors (during O&M Units (during construction) cooperation)

Implementation of Mitigation Measures, Monitoring Program, and Public Consultation Plan

Reporting

Supervision

Documentation of EMP Implementation and Performance

Action

Public complaint

Response

Figure EMP-2: Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment

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Task Start Finish Period 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Date Date (Months) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

Urban River Rehabilitation and Flood Control

Land Acquisition and Resettlement 7/2013 3/2014 9

Design & Tender Documentation 7/2013 3/2014 9

Tendering 10/2013 6/2014 9

River rehabilitation civil works 4/2014 3/2016 24

Stream rehabilitation civil works 7/2014 3/2016 21

Urban Transport and Associated Infrastructure Land Acquisition and Resettlement 10/2013 6/2016 24

Design & Tender Documentation 4/2014 6/2016 12

Tendering 10/2014 9/2016 6

Primary and secondary road 1/2015 9/2017 construction civil works 24

Associated networks construction 1/2015 9/2017 civil works 24

Bridge construction civil works 4/2015 9/2017 18

Construction of bus terminals 7/2015 12/2015 6

Community Upgrading and Development

Land Acquisition and Resettlement 1/2014 6/2017 20

Design & Tender Documentation 7/2014 6/2017 12

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Tendering 1/2015 9/2017 12

Social infrastructure construction 7/2015 3/2018 15

Capacity Building and Project 7/2013 6/2018 Management 60

Figure EMP-3: Project Implementation Schedule

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