University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Alberta Gambling Research Institute Alberta Gambling Research Institute 1950-05 Gambling Ploscowe, Morris, ed.; Lukas, Edwin J., ed. The American Academy of Political and Social Science The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.269, May 1950, 209 pp. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/469 book Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY LIBRARY THE CALGARY 108 - 2nd Street S.W. Calgary, Alberta b VOLUME 269 MAY 1950 THE ANNALS of The American Academy of Political and Social Science - - THORSTEN Editor JAMES C. CHARLESWORTH, Editor GAMBLING '. Edited by MORRIS PLOSCOWE of the Magistrates' Courts of the City of New York and EDWIN J. — Former Executive Director Society for the Prevention of Crime New York City Copyright, by THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE AH rights reserved PHILADELPHIA I 19! CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD . vii LEGAL STATUS OF GAMBLING THE LAW OF GAMBLING Morris 1 OBSTACLES TO OF GAMBLING LAWS Virgil W. Peterson 9 THE FACILITATION or GAMBLING Paul S. 21 GAMBLING IN NEVADA Joseph F. McDonald 30 LEGALIZED GAMBLING IN NEW YORK? Messages Legislature by Mayor O'Dwyer and Governor Dewey 1 VARIOUS FORMS OF GAMBLING THE FORMS OF GAMBLING Oswald Jacoby 39 Louis A. Lawrence 46 HORSE RACING AND THE John I. Day 55 SLOT MACHINES AND PINBALL GAMES .... Anonymous 62 LOTTERIES YESTERDAY, AND TOMORROW . Ernest E. Blanche 71 GAMBLING ODDS ARE Ernest E. Blanche 77 THE GAMBLER THE PROFESSIONAL GAMBLER Albert H. 81 THE OF GAMBLING Robert M. 93 THE POMO: A PROFILE OF GAMBLING AMONG INDIANS W. and Ethel G. 108 THE ARGOT OF THE DICE GAMBLER . David W. 114 GAMBLING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES GAMBLING IN THE LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES . .. Lopez-Rey 134 BETTING ON FOOTBALL MATCHES IN SWEDEN Bertil 144 46682" CONTENTS BOOK DEPARTMENT . ' ' . PAGE RAFAEL. A History of Spain. Albert Hyma . 196 et la sociale. Fritz Mann . 192 Louis F., and others. de Richard N. Swift . 188 SERGIO. de la sociedad colonial. A. Curtis Wilgus BAILEY, STEPHEN Congress Makes a Law. Dayton D. McKean . 157 PERCY W. Germany's Contribution to European Economic Richard N. Swift 188 RAY Westward Expansion. George C. Osborn 155 ERIC H. We Survived. Ralph Haswell Lutz 191 BRINTON, CRANE. English Political Thought in the Nineteenth Century. Pres- ton Slosson 185 BURNS, The American Social Security System. Karl de Schweinitz 175 BUTTERS, J. KEITH, and NILAND. of Taxation: Inventory Ac- counting and Policies. Roy G. Blakey 171 CHENG, DAVID TE-CHAO. Acculturation of the Chinese in the United States. Franklin L-K. Hsu 178 CHESTNUT, MARY A Diary From Dixie. George C. Osborn 156 CLAPHAM, SIR JOHN. A Concise Economic History of Britain. R. G. Cowherd 186 CLEETON, GLEN U. Making Work Human. Gordon S. Watkins 169 DAUGERT, STANLEY MATTHEW. The Philosophy of Veblen. Edmund Whittaker 180 DEES, JESSE WALTER, JR. Flophouse. L. Guy Brown 177 DENNIS, WAYNE, and others. Current Trends in Industrial Psychology. Nathaniel Cantor 167 DILL, WILLIAM C. Statehood for Hawaii. Allan F. Saunders 161 DIRKSEN, HERBERT VON. Moskau, Tokio, London. Louis L. Snyder 152 The Opening an Era: 1848. Louis L. Snyder 183 FINKELSTEIN, Louis The Jews. Mortimer J. Cohen 197 FRANKL, OSCAR BENJAMIN. Theodor Samuel Koenig 199 GALDSTON, Social Medicine. Bernhard Stern 176 GLASS, RUTH The Social Background of a Plan. Charles S. 187 GOLD, BELA. Wartime Economic Planning in Agriculture. Benjamin Baker 165 GORDON, ALBERT I. Jews in Transition. Francis J. Brown 198 GROB, FRITZ. The Relativity of War and Peace. Johannes Mattern 150 RALPH W. The House of Baring in American Trade and Finance. Fred A. Shannon 157 HUXLEY, JULIAN. Heredity East and West. Anatole G. Mazour 195 CONTENTS INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS. Problems of Economic Reconstruction in the Far East. J. B. 150 JASNY, The Socialized Agriculture of the USSR. C. E. Black 194 JONES, HOWARD Primer of Intellectual Freedom. H. M. Kallen 153 BOUTILLIER, CORNELIA GEER. American Democracy and Natural Law. Clinton L. Rossiter 154 EDWARD H. An Introduction to Legal Reasoning. Frederick W. Killian 181 LIDDELL, HELEN EDMOND VERMEIL, and BOGDAN Educa- tion in Occupied Germany. Richard N. Swift 188 DAVID E. This I Do Believe. H. M. Kallen 153 CHARLES E. Unions and Capitalism. John Newton 166 PETER I. History of the National Economy of Russia to the 1917 Revolution. George Vernadsky 193 MCCARTHY, RAYMOND and EDGAR M. DOUGLASS. Alcohol and Social Re- sponsibility. E. Douglass Burdick 177 LILLIAN. The Constitution of Justice. Jessie Bernard 179 MERIAM, LEWIS, KARL T. SCHLOTTERBECK, and MILDRED MARONEY. The Cost and Financing of Social Security. Harold M. Groves. 164 MEYER, ERNST WILHELM. Die fur den Ferdinand A. Hermens 190 MILES, ARTHUR P. An Introduction to Public Welfare. Robert W. 174 MILLER, HUGH. The Community of Man. D. F. Fleming 173 MILLER, WILLIAM. The Book Industry. Ordway Tead 171 MILLS, FREDERICK and CLARENCE D. LONG. The Statistical Agencies of the Federal Government. Frederick F. Stephan 159 MUZIOL, ROMAN. und Marshall-Plan. Fritz Mann 151 New York State Legislative Annual, 1949. Belle Zeller 158 PETRIE, CHARLES. Earlier Diplomatic History 1492-1713. Waldemar Westergaard 182 A. FRANK. The Case of General William J. Ronan 160 SHACKLE, G. L. S. Expectation in Economics. Lewis H. Haney 163 ALLEN MORRIS. Has Market Capitalism Collapsed? Isaacs 161 STAPLETON, LAURENCE. The Design of Democracy. Elmer D. Graper 184 STRAUS, HANNAH ALICE. The Attitude of the Congress of Vienna Toward Nationalism in Germany, Italy, and Poland. Garland 183 TINBERGEN, JAN. The Dynamics of Business Cycles. W. F. Stolper 162 TREDGOLD, R. F. Human Relations in Modern Industry. Nathaniel Cantor 168 and E. F. L. BRECH. The Making of Scientific Management. Vol. I, Thirteen Pioneers. Charles S. Ascher 169 CONTENTS PAGE VERMEIL, K. J. HAHN, and GABRIEL LE BRAS. Les en Richard N. Swift 188 WHITE, LESLIE A. The Science of Culture. Frank E. Hartung ...... 172 WIENER, PHILIP P. Evolution and the Founders of Pragmatism. Frank Hartung 180 WILSON, G. LLOYD, and LESLIE A. BRYAN. Air Transportation. Gilbert Goodman 170 INDEX . The articles appearing in THE ANNALS are indexed in the Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature and the Industrial Arts Index. __ ,. FOREWORD GAMBLING is a well-nigh universal phenomenon. occurs among people of all ages and cultures Nor is it an offspring of modern civilization, for it was encountered in primitive communities. Indeed, many of the forms of gambling, as well as some of its rationalizations, go back to the dawn of history. Even the Hittites of Biblical times were interested in improving the breed of horses, which is the current cliche the "sport of kings" and its concomitant, betting on the races. American attitudes towards gambling have always been ambivalent in char- acter. Widespread condemnation and participation in gambling go hand in hand. The public press sporadically inveighs against gambling and its attendant evils, yet facilitates it by publishing the data essential to gambling in many forms. Churches condemn gambling, yet profit from raffles and lotteries. Legislatures enact antigambling statutes, yet make it possible for states to participate in moneys wagered at race tracks. Flurries of strict enforcement of gambling statutes alternate with long periods of quasi-official tolerance. The citizen who becomes outraged at revelations of police corruption in connection with gambling never- theless patronizes the neighborhood bookmaker or the "one-armed bandit." Moreover, each era has seen a fresh emphasis on some new, or the revival of an old, game of chance or outlet for the gambling instincts of the individual. This generation differs from its predecessors perhaps more in terms of an increased participation in the pastime, rather than in the multiplicity of forms it has as- sumed. Indeed, we have found an amazing similarity between new and old forms of the stakes are now astronomical, where once they were moderate; the modern devices now employed disguise only thinly the ancient games our fore- bears played. It is extraordinary that, despite such universal and interest in gambling, little basic material of an analytical and scientific character has been published concerning this absorbing subject. The literature of gambling is studded with colorful polemics concerning its moral and social features; the shelves of libraries are filled with reports concerning official malfeasance in the enforcement of gambling laws, containing some illuminating chapters on the already well-known aspects of gambling. But nowhere, to our knowledge, has the attempt been made to envisage the problem in all its many-sided forms, and from all its facets. Nobody has attempted to analyze and describe the various forms of gambling, as well as to evaluate their moral, political, social, psychological, and economic implications. This symposium, therefore, represents the first attempt at an over-all analysis of the problem of gambling. It is by no means complete, for this would have re- quired far more space than was available to us, and other techniques of assembling contributions besides that of voluntary collaboration. Nevertheless, despite the gaps and limitations of our material, of which we are painfully aware, we believe that the outstanding features of the problem of gambling have been covered ob- jectively. Our contributors have presented data in the various articles contained herein which make it possible to answer some of the basic questions concerning gambling. Recent developments have enhanced the timeliness of this volume. During the past few months, gambling has been headline news. At their annual meeting in the fall of 1949, the mayors and city managers of the American Municipal Asso- ciation discussed the alleged relationship between gambling and organized crime. One result was the launching of a campaign by metropolitan newspapers through- out the country to expose "the nation-wide interlocking operations of well organ- ized crime syndicates heavily financed by the Nation's gambling bill." • On January 5, 1950, United States Senator Estes Kefauver (Tenn.) called for a Senate investigation of interstate gambling and racketeering.