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No matter which type of government you live under in the 15 of the commonwealth nations that recognize the Queen of England as their monarch, there is a governor general nationally and a lieutenant governor regionally. The role is that of a de facto head of state. It's primarily ceremonial, that is, until it isn't. In the 2017 British Columbia provincial election, you will recall the liberals won 43 seats, the NDP won 41, and the Green Party won three seats. Now, here's where the lieutenant governor transition from a ceremonial role to a formal one, one that determined the outcome of the election. The LG at the time was Judith Guichon, and she became the final vote in the 2017 election. Conversations That Matter is an Oh Boy Productions program. Please help us to continue to produce this program by making a donation at www.conversationsthatmatter.tv Former premier Christy Clarke asked the LG to let her form a government with a party that was one seat short of the majority needed. Ms. Guichon turned down the request and offered opposition leader John Horgan, who, in an alliance with the Green Party, represented a majority to form a government. In March of 2018, Janet Austin, the former CEO of the YWCA, was asked to take over the position, a role you cannot apply for, a demanding position that requires the LG's presence on behalf of the government throughout the province. As LG, Ms. Austin reports to the Queen. We invited BC's lieutenant governor, Janet Austin, to join us for a conversation that matters about the role of the Queen's representative in British Columbia and the objectives she has set out for her five-year term. - [Narrator] Conversations That Matter is a partner program for the Center for Dialogue at Simon Fraser University. The production of this program is made possible thanks to the support of the following and viewers like you. - I, like so many people, look at the role of lieutenant governor and say, well, what exactly is your role, what's your relationship to our government, provincially, nationally, to the Queen? - It's such a common question, and I think it's a really important part of my role to be able to describe it in a way that is meaningful to people. But I think our constitutional monarchy has the Queen as head of state and our premier as head of government in British Columbia, and, of course, our prime minister as head of government in Canada. I think there's a few things about our constitutional monarchy that are extremely important. One is it connects us to a tradition of stability, it connects us externally to the commonwealths, it connects us to a parliamentary democracy, our history, equality under the rule of law. So, these principles are entrenched in a constitutional democracy. And I think, in many ways, they distinguish our country from the kind of dysfunction and discord that we see emerging elsewhere around the world. So, I think there's something in it that is greatly to be valued and nurtured. - So, how does it protect us against that dysfunction? - I think because we have an historic tradition, where you have that separation of the head of state and the head of government. And although it is convention and largely ceremonial, the actual authority does, in fact, is held by the Queen, and on her, I represent her in British Columbia, and, of course, Her Excellency Julie Payette represents her in Canada. So, I think it's more a convention, and it's more a tradition, but, in fact, the position holds an incredible amount of power, - [Stuart] Mm-hmm. - which is not exercised by convention, but nonetheless exists. And we certainly have seen Conversations That Matter is an Oh Boy Productions program. Please help us to continue to produce this program by making a donation at www.conversationsthatmatter.tv that in the last provincial election, where my predecessor, Judith Guichon, played a very important role in making a critical and a fundamental decision, with respect to the government of British Columbia. - Well, ultimately, her vote is the one that determined the way that we were gonna be governed. - Absolutely. So, is it-- - And I think a lotta people went, huh? - Yes. And it caused people, I think, to reflect on what the role actually is and to recognize that there is a continuity there, which distinguishes us from many countries around the world. - Mm-hmm, because you're not going to court to settle this. - No, no. - You actually are coming to the lieutenant governor, or governor general, in the case of nationally, - Yeah, mm-hmm. - and saying, OK, this is the situation. And so, do they ask you whether or not they can form government, or do you ask them? - I haven't actually been in the position yet. So, so, I think, - Where you had to-- - but it is the, that they would come and request the opportunity to form government. - Wow, so it truly does have a tremendous amount of power. Now, whether there's a clear-cut majority in an election, and it's a pretty easy answer, but as we saw in the last - Yes. - provincial election, it was very complicated and very challenging. - Absolutely, yeah. Yes, and I think those circumstances are few and far between, but the potential certainly exists for that kind of circumstance to occur again. And should that be the case, I will certainly have done my homework and done my best to consider the range of different scenarios that I might confront, and to prepare myself by seeking legal advice Conversations That Matter is an Oh Boy Productions program. Please help us to continue to produce this program by making a donation at www.conversationsthatmatter.tv broadly, and preparing to be able to exercise judgment in the event that I might have to. - Just gotta get you to hang on for a second while we take our quick commercial break. We'll be right back. - [Narrator] Conversations That Matter is a not-for-profit program made possible thanks to the charitable support of the following and from viewers like you. Please visit conversationsthatmatter.tv, and help us to continue to produce this program. - Can imagine that if we change our voting system from first-past-the-post - Yes. - to proportional representation, you might have more coalitions coming - Yes. - and requesting the ability to form a government. And so, then the rule really does take on a greater significance, even though it's entirely in keeping with what the mandate has always been. - Yes, and that's certainly true, absolutely. - So, what other responsibilities do you have? - So, there's the formal constitutional role, and we've been talking about that, to a certain extent, but I also need to give royal assent to any bills that are passed in the legislature. So, it's also my responsibility to convene, to prorogue, or to dissolve the legislature. So, there's a number of activities that relate to the constitutional role. In addition, there's a ceremonial role, so I have the privilege of recognizing British Columbians really in all walks of life, who've made significant contributions to the province and bringing profile and attention to them. And then I also have the opportunity to identify certain themes that I would personally like to champion as part of my mandate, and as many lieutenant governors before me have done. So, it's certainly my intention, I have spent some time considering what those themes will be, and I'm prepared to go forward on that basis. - Do you wanna share what some of those themes are? - Yeah, I can certainly do that. So, I've landed on three. So, the first one is really consistent with my previous professional and community work, which is the whole frame around equality, inclusion, celebrating diversity, gender equality. So, that's right out of my previous work. The second one I think is extremely important, it's important to me personally, but it also builds on the legacy of the previous lieutenant governors, and that's the importance of Conversations That Matter is an Oh Boy Productions program. Please help us to continue to produce this program by making a donation at www.conversationsthatmatter.tv reconciliation with our indigenous peoples. So, Iona Campagnolo, Steven Point, and Judith Guichon all played a very important role and set an important example, in terms of reaching out to create those bridges that are necessary to achieve true reconciliation.