SOUTH – CRISIS FACT SHEET #1, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2015 OCTOBER 31, 2014

SNUMBERSOUTH AT S UDANUSAID/OFDA – CRISIS1 F U N D I N G HIGHLIGHTS A GLANCE BY SECTOR IN FY 2014  FACT SHEET #50, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2014 On October 2, the Government JULY 25, of the2014 4% 2% Republic of (GoRSS) delayed 3% 1% passage of the proposed Non-Governmental 1,438,900 9% Organization (NGO) Bill, due in part to 27% pressure from the humanitarian community Total Number of Individuals Displaced in South Sudan since to stall the controversial legislation. 12% December 15  Relief actors continue to improve and expand (Includes approximately 6,700 protection of civilian (PoC) sites and assist with voluntary relocation efforts. displaced persons in Area) 12% 18%

U.N. Office for the Coordination of EMERGENCY FUNDING Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) – 12% October 23, 2014 TO SOUTH SUDAN IN FY 2014

Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene (27%) USAID/OFDA1 $119,934,406 Logistics & Relief Supplies (18%) 97,800 Health (12%) USAID/FFP2 $339,650,375 Agriculture & Food Security (12%) USAID/AFR3 $28,000,000 Total Number of Individuals Nutrition (12%) 4 Seeking Refuge at U.N. Mission Multi-Sector Rapid Response Fund (9%) State/PRM $134,276,346 Humanitarian Coordination & Information Management (3%) in the Republic of South Sudan Protection (4%) $621,861,127 (UNMISS) Compounds Economic Recovery and Market Systems (2%) TOTAL USAID AND STATE Shelter & Settlements (1%) UNMISS – October 30, 2014 EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE USAID/FFP FUNDING 2.0% TO SOUTH SUDAN BY MODALITY IN FY 2014 5.0% ------

1,341,100 93.0% $720,688,037 TOTAL USAID AND STATE EMERGENCY Total Number of Individuals U.S. In-Kind Food Aid ASSISTANCE FOR SOUTH SUDAN CRISIS— Displaced in Other Areas of Local and Regional Food Procurement INCLUDES FUNDING FOR SOUTH SUDANESE Other South Sudan REFUGEES IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES UNMISS – October, 30 2014; OCHA –

October 23, 2014 KEY DEVELOPMENTS *  On October 30, the U.S. Government and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon both 471,700 condemned the resumption of hostilities between Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) Refugees from South Sudan in and opposition forces in State. The recent armed attacks represent a serious violation Neighboring Countries since of the cessation of hostilities agreement signed by both parties to the conflict and threaten to December 15 worsen the dire humanitarian situation affecting nearly 2 million people in South Sudan. *Including an unconfirmed number of  Humanitarian agencies are concerned about direct targeting of relief actors, following the refugees, returnees, and nomads who have fled to Sudan October 16 abduction of a U.N. World Food Program (WFP) staff member by a group of Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for unidentified armed men at the airport in State. The event followed the Refugees (UNHCR) – October 31, 2014 kidnapping of three UNMISS contractors on October 10, highlighting the serious impact of insecurity on relief operations in South Sudan. The captors have since released two of the UNMISS contractors; however, one UNMISS contractor and the WFP staff member remain 245,200 missing. The U.N. is engaging with government authorities to secure their release. Refugees from Neighboring  The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Technical Working Group reported Countries in South Sudan on October 27 that relief actors need to immediately scale up humanitarian assistance to UNHCR – October 31, 2014 prevent a deterioration of food security and a rise in malnutrition in 2015.

1 USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) 2 USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) 3 USAID’s Bureau for Africa (USAID/AFR) 4 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) NUMBERS AT A GLANCE 1

1,142,800 INSECURITY, DISPLACEMENT, AND ACCESS CONSTRAINTS  Fighting and food insecurity in South Sudan since December 15, 2013, have displaced more than 1.9 million people, according to the U.N. Of the total, more than 1.4 million people are internally displaced and nearly 471,700 people have sought refuge in neighboring countries.  After a period of relative calm, renewed fighting between SPLA and opposition forces in Unity threatens to escalate the ongoing humanitarian disaster in South Sudan and has drawn widespread condemnation from the international community. Active fighting near town, Unity, since October 27 has resulted in at least two civilian deaths, prompted an influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs) into the PoC site, and caused humanitarian staff to take shelter and temporarily suspend relief activities, according to international media.  Tensions among IDPs within the UNMISS PoC sites in Malakal and town, State, also remain high. On October 27 inter-ethnic clashes between armed youth in Malakal resulted in the death of one IDP and the injury of at least four others. In addition, in Juba’s U.N. House, fighting and rioting on October 26 injured more than 60 civilians and two U.N. police officers, according to the U.N. Due to increased violent incidents targeting humanitarian workers within Juba’s Tomping PoC site, relief actors temporarily halted voluntary IDP relocation operations in mid-October.  In response to the recent uptick in security incidents involving humanitarian workers, UNMISS released a list of new procedures that non-UNMISS personnel are required to follow prior to and during visits to UNMISS PoC sites. The new actions aim to improve security for IDPs and visitors, as well as personnel working within the sites, by allowing staff working at the site to communicate upcoming activities to IDPs. In Tomping and U.N. House, the procedures require non-UNMISS staff to submit visit requests at least 24 hours in advance and any visitor intending to meet with an individual IDP to identify the IDPs by name. The new guidelines also prohibit visitors from taking photos or video recordings unless they have received prior approval.  Poor road conditions throughout South Sudan continued to hinder humanitarian access to populations in need throughout the rainy season—expected to end in November. In preparation for the upcoming dry season, humanitarian actors, in cooperation with UNMISS, are identifying and planning key infrastructure improvement projects, including road repairs. Extensive repairs on the road from Juba to Bor town, , are currently underway. In addition, emergency repairs continue on the road from Juba to town, State, but increased insecurity in Lakes may stall construction, according to relief actors.

HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ASSESSMENTS AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES  In mid-September, USAID/OFDA partner Medair conducted humanitarian assessments of IDP populations who recently returned to Panyikang County, Upper Nile, from displacement sites in Wau Shilluk and Malakal towns, Upper Nile. Among 120 returnee households assessed in Owechi payam, Panyikang, Medair identified a significant need for primary health care support and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) supplies, as well as a need for emergency relief commodities, such as water containers, blankets, mosquito nets, and fishing and farming tools. As of October 8, approximately 16,000 people had returned to areas of origin in Upper Nile, following conflict-induced displacement in December 2013, reports the U.N.  A survey-based report released by the Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) Cluster—the coordinating body for humanitarian CCCM activities, comprising U.N. agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders—highlighted persistent protection concerns among IDPs. Although perceptions of security vary by state and displacement site, nearly 75 percent of women and 83 percent of men reported feeling unsafe in the UNMISS PoC sites surveyed. As part of an ongoing effort to address protection concerns, humanitarian actors continue to focus on improving living conditions at displacement sites, including resolution of lighting and space issues.  Relief agencies have conducted more than 30 Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions (SMART) nutrition surveys across South Sudan, identifying global acute malnutrition (GAM) levels above the U.N. World Health Organization (WHO) emergency threshold of 15 percent in nearly half of the assessed counties. Nearly 60 percent of the counties with emergency GAM levels are located in the three most-conflicted affected states—Jonglei,

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Unity, and Upper Nile. Humanitarian agencies plan to conduct at least 30 additional surveys in the coming months to further inform response efforts.

AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY, AND NUTRITION  On October 27, the IPC Technical Working Group released the full September 2014 food security report for South Sudan. Although the report highlights recent improvements in food security, it also calls for the immediate scale-up of humanitarian assistance—including nutrition and livelihoods interventions—to prevent a deterioration in food security and an increase in malnutrition in 2015. The report calls on stakeholders to ensure the safe movement of emergency food commodities to populations in need and advocates for a peaceful solution to end the ongoing political crisis.  More than 60 percent of South Sudanese currently experiencing Crisis—IPC 3—and Emergency—IPC 4—levels of food insecurity reside in Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile4. According to the IPC report, ongoing displacement, market disruptions, and lack of agricultural inputs, such as seeds and fertilizers, have negatively affected planting and cultivation activities in recent months. As a result, more than 300,000 metric tons (MT) of cereal are required to bridge the cereal deficit in the three states in 2015.  USAID/FFP partner WFP continues to deliver emergency food assistance to food insecure and conflict-affected populations. Between January 1 and October 24, WFP has delivered more than 156,700 MT of food commodities, of which relief actors airlifted or airdropped nearly 40,000 MT within South Sudan and through cross-border operations from neighboring Ethiopia and Uganda, according to the U.N.  On October 14, the GoRSS Ministry of Health, along with U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and WFP, launched a campaign to address malnutrition in Juba County. Through the new program, nutrition actors will screen more than 116,000 children under age five. UNICEF plans to treat approximately 6,500 children for severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and WFP plans to treat nearly 17,000 children experiencing moderate acute malnutrition through targeted supplementary feeding programs. In addition, UNICEF will work with county-level health departments to train staff in case management and patient referrals. The U.N. plans to expand the program to assess and screen approximately 600,000 children for malnutrition in parts of Northern Bahr el Ghazal and states in the coming weeks, according to relief actors.  Between June and September, the GAM level in Leer County—which recorded the highest GAM level in the country during the first round of surveys—decreased from 34 percent to 16 percent, according to nutrition actors. The SAM level also decreased—from 11 percent to 3 percent—during the same period. In addition to emergency food commodity airdrops and other humanitarian assistance, UNICEF attributes the improvement to the strong September harvest, the increased availability of food in markets due to improved security, and the reopening of the port in Adok town, Unity. Despite improvements, the 16 percent GAM rate in Leer remains above the WHO emergency threshold of 15 percent.

CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT  Humanitarian agencies, including the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and partners, continue to improve and expand the UNMISS PoC sites in Bentiu, Bor, and Malakal, as well as U.N. House, to improve access to humanitarian services and to mitigate flood risks.  Following heavy rains that flooded approximately 80 percent of the Bentiu PoC site and destroyed latrines and IDP shelters in early October, relief actors provided critical drainage and water pumping efforts; distributed sand bags, plastic sheeting, and other shelter materials; and prioritized the delivery and distribution of additional WASH supplies to flood-affected populations. To date, response operations are ongoing, and health providers remain vigilant for early detection and investigation of any suspected cases of waterborne diseases in Bentiu, according to the U.N.

4 The IPC is a standardized tool that aims to classify the severity and magnitude of food insecurity. The IPC scale, which is comparable across countries, ranges from Minimal—IPC I—to Famine—IPC 5.

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 Voluntary IDP relocation to new or improved PoC sites is ongoing in Bor, Juba, and Malakal. As of October 21, approximately 14,000 IDPs had moved to the new PoC site in Malakal, according to the U.N. As of October 30, all residents of the old PoC site in Bor had relocated to the new PoC site; and in Juba, nearly 11,000 IDPs had moved from Tomping to the newly constructed PoC 3 site at U.N. House, according to IOM.

HEALTH  Malaria remains the primary cause of morbidity at displacement sites in South Sudan, followed by acute respiratory infection and acute watery diarrhea, according to the U.N. The incidence of malaria has increased since late June, particularly at displacement sites in Mingkaman town, Awerial County, Lakes; Northern Bahr El Ghazal; and the UNMISS PoC site in Malakal. Despite concerns, health actors note that increased levels of malaria are common during the rainy season. Relief organizations—including UNICEF and USAID/OFDA partner the Mentor Initiative— continue to conduct vector control activities in affected areas and promote the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets.  Health actors continue to monitor the spread of kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, an endemic disease in South Sudan that has affected more than 5,200 people and caused more than 150 deaths as of October 21, according to the U.N. In response, relief actors have pre-positioned medicine and test kits in the endemic states of Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile; however, local health workers require training on diagnosis and case management, and additional health and nutrition staff are needed to support treatment facilities, according to the Health Cluster.  As of October 12, health actors had recorded more than 6,140 cases of cholera in South Sudan. However, the cholera situation in South Sudan continues to improve, with the number of weekly reported cases declining, according to health actors. Between September 29 and October 5, the case fatality rate decreased to 2 percent—down from 2.3 percent in early September. To prevent cholera from spreading further in places where sporadic cases still arise, such as Central and states, health actors continue to conduct WASH interventions—including the construction of emergency latrines, the distribution of hygiene kits, and community mobilization activities.

PROTECTION  The U.N. Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Zainab Hawa Bangura, visited South Sudan in early October to address conflict-related sexual violence, meet with President Salva Kiir, and implore GoRSS officials to implement steps to combat gender-based and sexual violence.  Through the IOM-managed Rapid Response Fund (RRF), USAID/OFDA is providing the international NGO Nonviolent Peaceforce with $500,000 to send protection rapid response teams to complement other humanitarian activities in conflict-affected areas, including a recent deployment to Koch County, Unity.

OTHER HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE  To date, international donors have provided more than $1.11 billion—approximately 61.3 percent of the $1.8 billion total requested funding—to support humanitarian activities through the revised South Sudan Crisis Response Plan. At a May 19–20 conference in Oslo, Norway, donor countries pledged more than $600 million in new funding for humanitarian response efforts in South Sudan and neighboring countries. Donors have committed 88 percent of the Oslo pledges.

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2014 TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING * PER DONOR

$621,861,127

$174,000,802 $136,549,503

$70,240,075 $49,994,758 $43,099,288 $40,945,240 $39,640,460 $34,984,746 $33,746,880

USG U.K. ECHO Norway Canada Germany Denmark Sweden Japan CERF

*Funding figures are as of October 31, 2014. All international figures are according to OCHA’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS) and based on international commitments during the 2014 calendar year. U.S. Government (USG) figures are according to the USG and reflect the most recent USG commitments based on the 2014 fiscal year, which began on October 1, 2013.

CONTEXT  The January 2005 signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the southern-based Sudan People’s Liberation Movement officially ended more than two decades of north–south conflict during which famine, fighting, and disease killed an estimated 2 million people and displaced at least 4.5 million others within Sudan.  The GoRSS declared independence on July 9, 2011, after a January 9, 2011, referendum on self-determination stipulated in the CPA. Upon independence, USAID designated a new mission in Juba, the capital city of South Sudan.  Insecurity, landmines, and limited transportation and communication infrastructure restrict humanitarian activities across South Sudan, hindering the delivery of critical assistance to populations in need, particularly in Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile.  On December 15, 2013, clashes erupted in the capital city, Juba, between factions within the GoRSS and quickly spread into a protracted national conflict with Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile states representing the primary areas of fighting and displacement. Due to the unrest, the U.S. Embassy in Juba initially ordered the departure of non- emergency USG personnel from South Sudan. On December 20, USAID activated a Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART), now based in Juba, to lead the USG response to the developing crisis in South Sudan. USAID also stood up a Washington, D.C.-based Response Management Team (RMT) to support the DART.  On October 7, 2014, U.S. Chargé d’Affaires Charles H. Twining re-declared a disaster in South Sudan due to the humanitarian crisis caused by ongoing violent conflict, resultant displacement, restricted humanitarian access, and the disruption of trade, markets, and cultivation activities, which have significantly increased food insecurity and humanitarian needs.

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USAID AND STATE EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH SUDAN PROVIDED IN FY 20141 IMPLEMENTING PARTNER ACTIVITY LOCATION AMOUNT

USAID/OFDA2

AAH/US Nutrition Abyei Area, Countrywide $1,205,012 Northern Bahr el Ghazal AAH/US WASH $4,000,000 State Agency for Technical Cooperation Humanitarian Coordination and Information Central Equatoria, Jonglei, $3,250,000 and Development (ACTED) Management, Shelter and Settlements, WASH Lakes Eastern Equatoria, American Refugee Committee (ARC) Protection Northern Bahr el Ghazal, $1,458,595 Warrap State CARE Agriculture and Food Security, WASH Jonglei $3,586,439

CRS Logistics Support and Relief Commodities, WASH Jonglei, Lakes $2,618,893

Concern Nutrition Unity $721,848

U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Agriculture and Food Security Countrywide $10,000,000

Humanitarian Coordination and Information Fleet Forum Countrywide $72,311 Management Agriculture and Food Security, Logistics Support Food for the Hungry (FH) Jonglei, Upper Nile $1,535,793 and Relief Commodities, WASH GOAL Health, Nutrition, WASH Abyei Area, Upper Nile $5,016,057

IMA World Health Health, Nutrition Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile $2,016,629 Central Equatoria, Jonglei, International Medical Corps (IMC) Health, Nutrition $2,820,186 Lakes IOM RRF Countrywide $11,000,000

IOM WASH Unity $2,143,777 Central Equatoria, Upper IOM Logistics Support and Relief Commodities $1,637,966 Nile IOM Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Unity, Upper Nile $1,285,477 International Rescue Committee Health, Protection, WASH Unity $2,747,255 (IRC) Health, Humanitarian Coordination and Medair Countrywide, Upper Nile $4,810,889 Information Management, Nutrition, WASH

Abyei Area, Lakes, Upper Mentor Health $2,979,450 Nile, Warrap Agriculture and Food Security, Economic Recovery Mercy Corps and Market Systems, Logistics Support and Relief Abyei Area, Unity $3,936,987 Commodities, WASH Humanitarian Coordination and Information OCHA Countrywide $2,500,000 Management Oxfam/Great Britain (Oxfam/GB) Agriculture and Food Security, WASH Upper Nile $2,986,516 Samaritan’s Purse Nutrition, WASH Unity $3,879,504 Central Equatoria, Upper Solidarités WASH $775,000 Nile Tearfund Nutrition Jonglei $992,687 UNICEF Health, Nutrition, Protection, WASH Countrywide $14,025,000 USAID/OFDA Commodity Airlifts Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $901,990 WHO Health Countrywide $2,700,000 WFP Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $11,800,000 U.N. Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $4,200,000 World Relief International (WRI) Nutrition Unity $1,025,881 Agriculture and Food Security, Humanitarian World Vision Coordination and Information Management, Upper Nile $3,301,949 Logistics Support and Relief Commodities, WASH 6

Program Support $2,187,896 TOTAL USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE $119,934,406

USAID/FFP3 Northern Bahr el Ghazal, AAH/US Nutrition $635,875 Warrap CRS 5,810 MT of Emergency Food Assistance Jonglei $11,614,500 UNICEF 590 MT of RUTF Countrywide $5,000,000 WFP 107,450 MT of Food Assistance Countrywide $322,400,000 TOTAL USAID/FFP ASSISTANCE $339,650,375

USAID/AFR Planned Activities Education, Protection, WASH Countrywide $28,000,000 TOTAL USAID/AFR ASSISTANCE $28,000,000

STATE/PRM ACTED Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Upper Nile $1,500,000 Danish Refugee Council Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Upper Nile $763,937 International Committee of the Red Cross Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Countrywide $36,200,000 (ICRC) IMC Health Upper Nile $1,500,000

IOM WASH Upper Nile $1,200,000

IRC Protection Unity $1,500,000

Lutheran World Relief (LWR) Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Unity, Upper Nile $1,499,919

Medair Health Upper Nile $1,000,000

Mentor Health Upper Nile $309,538

UNHCR Multi-Sector Assistance, Protection Countrywide $86,500,000

U.N. Office for Project Services (UNOPS) Infrastructure Unity $1,502,952

World Vision Multi-Sector Assistance $800,000

TOTAL STATE/PRM ASSISTANCE $134,276,346

TOTAL USAID AND STATE EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH SUDAN IN FY 2014 $621,861,127

1 Year of funding indicates the date of commitment or obligation, not appropriation, of funds. 2 USAID/OFDA funding represents anticipated or actual obligated amounts as of September 30. 3 Estimated value of food assistance.

PUBLIC DONATION INFORMATION  The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash contributions to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for response efforts around the world can be found at www.interaction.org.  USAID encourages cash donations because they allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as transportation routes, staff time, and warehouse space); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; and ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance.  More information can be found at: • The Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or +1.202.821.1999. • Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.int

USAID/OFDA bulletins appear on the USAID website at http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/working-crises-and-conflict/responding-times-crisis/where-we-work 7