© Copyright Headstart Primary Ltd 1   

V3 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 1   

This is my garden. Somebody has to look after it.

Without me, the neighbour’s cat would stroll in.

The squirrel would be tucking into the bird food.

All of them would have their eyes on my dinner,

and that is not allowed. Oh, no!

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 7 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 8 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 9 Soaking up the sunbeams, slurping up the ice creams, gathering up shells for decoration. I might be a beginner, but my castle is a winner. Time to have a picnic celebration. The sun is growing hazy. The dog is going crazy – I think it tried to fetch a jellyfish. Ooh! The sun has burnt our backs. I ate too many snacks. I’m feeling sick – my face is turning yellowish.

MEANING WORD

rays of sunshine

eating in a messy way

collecting together

someone doing something for the first time

a little party as a result of someone’s success

to bring back something

unwell

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 10 After our picnic, we played hide-and-seek. The grass was up to my waist. It was easy not to be discovered. Our dog, Lucy, went bananas when she sniffed out some animal. She didn’t reappear for ages. We found some conkers and battled it out for a while. Then we came across a stream with a rope swing above it. My brother decided he would be the first on it. He dangled over the stream for a few seconds before he tumbled in. I laughed a lot. It was an unforgettable day out.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 13 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 14 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 15 SUNNYHILLS ADVENTURE PARK Escape to Sunnyhills Adventure Park and discover the thrilling rides that will have your family returning time after time. The fun starts the moment you enter the gate. There is something for the entire family, whether you’re upside-down on a terrifying rollercoaster or unwinding beside our tropical pool. After all the excitement, you might like to try out our delicious food at one of our many restaurants. Children eat free of charge.

word meaning escape discover thrilling returning enter entire terrifying unwinding delicious free of charge

They were excellent sailors and explored as far as Greenland and North America. They were also very skilled at woodcarving and making things out of metal. They sailed to many countries, trading these items for silver, silk, spices, glass and pottery.

When the Vikings first arrived in Britain, the people living here at the time realised that some were settlers, but others were fighters. Because monks had no weapons, it was easy for the Vikings to raid and burn monasteries. The monasteries not only had food and tools, but also gold, jewels and books.

Around AD865, a great Viking army arrived and took control of much of the north and east of England, which they called Danelaw. An important Viking town was York (called Jorvik by the Vikings).

The first person to invent anything that looked a bit like a bicycle was Baron Karl von Drais in Germany. In 1817, he made a running machine. The newspapers called it a Draisine after its inventor. You had to push it along with your two feet on the ground. People preferred to call it the Hobby Horse. But it was the first two-wheeled, human-powered machine. During the summer of 1819, it became the latest craze in London. Riders, however, found that their boots wore out very quickly.

Kirkpatrick Macmillan was a Scottish blacksmith. One day in 1837, he saw a hobby horse being ridden along the road. He decided to make one for himself. When he finished, he realised it would be better if you didn’t have to push it along with your feet. So he created pedals which were connected to the back wheel by rods. The rods made the wheel go round. The machine was heavy and it must have been tiring riding it. But Macmillan took only two days to ride it the 68 miles to Glasgow. On the way, he was fined five shillings for causing a slight injury to a small girl who ran in front of him.

In 1869, a Frenchman called Eugène Meyer invented the High Bicycle. It was also known as the High Wheeler or the Ordinary. Later, it was nicknamed the Penny Farthing after the British coins at the time. The front wheel was bigger (penny) than the back wheel (farthing). The pedals were attached to the large front wheel, which made it very fast. This made it dangerous, especially for the rider. Being high up in the air, the rider would go flying if he or she hit a bump in the road. This led to serious injuries and sometimes death.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 22 Ancient Civilisations Thousands of years ago, before the invention of the modern toothbrush, people would use a twig. The twig would be broken and frayed at one end. Known as a ‘chew stick’, this would be rubbed up and down across the teeth. In 1498, in China, a bristle brush, similar to the modern toothbrush was invented. The bristles were the stiff hairs taken from the back of a hog’s neck, which were then attached to a piece of bamboo.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 23 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 24 The Modern Toothbrush In 1770, in England, William Addis was arrested for causing a riot and thrown into prison. Stories about inventors don’t usually begin like this. It was while he was in prison, however, watching someone sweep the floor with a broom, that he thought up the idea of a toothbrush. He thought that some sort of brush would be better than the rag he had been using. He experimented with a piece of bone with holes drilled in it for bristles. When he was released from prison, he started a very successful toothbrush-making business. When he died in 1808, he was very rich. The business stayed in the family until 1996. Now known as Wisdom Toothbrushes, the company makes around 70 million toothbrushes every year.

Height: up to 20 metres. Life span: up to 60 years. Appearance: bark is dark, cracked and often covered in lichen. Young twigs are sticky. Leaves are leathery, dark green and rounded at the tip. Flowers: are called catkins. Male catkins are 2 – 6 cm long and yellow. Female catkins are green and oval. They are pollinated by the wind and produce cone-shaped fruits in winter. Seeds are dispersed by the wind and water. Location: trees prefer damp conditions, such as near rivers, ponds and lakes. Special notes: leaves were used to make the green dye for the clothes of outlaws, such as Robin Hood. People used to believe the myth that the dye was also used to colour the clothes of fairies.

BEECH

Height: more than 40 metres. Life span: 100s of years. Appearance: bark is smooth and grey. Leaves are lime green, growing darker through the year. They are pointed with a wavy edge. They are often eaten by the caterpillars of moths. Flowers: catkins are pollinated by the wind and produce nuts (called beechmast), eaten by mice, voles, squirrels and birds. Location: dry, well-drained soil. Trees can be damaged by frost. Special notes: Celts used boiled beech leaves to treat skin problems. Nowadays, beech wood is used a lot to make furniture, sports equipment, the handles of tools and for fuel.

Height: up to 10 metres. Life span: up to 100 years. Appearance: bark is grey with bumps, cracks and ridges. Leaves are oval and dark green, and slightly furry underneath. (Not to be confused with the crab apple, which is a native tree.) Flowers: in May and June, clusters of 5-petalled flowers appear and are white and pink. These clusters are called blossom. They are pollinated by insects and produce green or red fruits in autumn. Brown seeds are found inside. Location: originally from Central Asia, apple trees are found in gardens and orchards. Special notes: Vikings linked the apple to eternal youth. In Greek myths, the apple was a forbidden fruit.

MONKEY PUZZLE

Height: up to 30 metres. Life span: 1000 years, although, in our climate, up to 150 years. They were brought here from Chile in 1795. Appearance: an evergreen tree with a dome-shape at the top and with drooping branches. It has a thick, brownish- purple trunk. Leaves are leathery, spiny and triangular. Flowers: male and female flowers grow on separate trees. They are pollinated by the wind and produce golden cones. Location: they are planted for decoration in parks and gardens. Special notes: Victorians called them Monkey Puzzle trees, because they thought monkeys would be puzzled trying to climb one. It is said that if you talk as you walk underneath a Monkey Puzzle, you will grow a monkey’s tail.

There are two types of African Elephant Elephants eat plants, elephant: the African not meat. This means Elephant and the Indian they are known as (or Asian) Elephant. herbivores.

Male and female Elephants’ ears are

African Elephants large and thin. Flapping have tusks but only them helps to keep the the male Asian elephant cool. They Elephant has tusks. The African Elephant is also enable elephants They use their tusks bigger than the Indian or to hear each other’s for digging for water Asian Elephant, with bigger calls up to 5 miles away. under the ground, ears. Its skin is grey and scraping bark off trees more wrinkly than the and occasionally Indian Elephant’s. African An elephant uses its fighting. Elephants have two finger- trunk (which can be 2 like tips at the end of their metres long) to lift up trunks, whereas the Indian food, suck up water Tusks can be up to 3 Elephant has one. The then pour it into its metres long and they mouth. An adult needs keep on growing for the Indian Elephant’s back is more rounded and humped. to drink around 200 whole of the elephant’s litres of water every life, which can be as day. It also uses it like long as 60-70 years. Indian Elephant a snorkel, holding its trunk above water when it is swimming. Being so big and powerful, elephants have no real predators, Female elephants are although lions will called cows. They sometimes pick on have babies (known as weak ones or babies, if calves) when they are they get the chance. about 12 years old The main threat is from and they are pregnant ivory poachers. for 22 months.

near the North Pole. ______

I am black and white. I have

wings but can’t fly. I waddle. ______

I am huge. I live in the sea, but I

have to come up for air. ______

I am a little bird you find in the

garden and on Christmas cards. ______

I’m tiny. My back is red with

black spots. I like your garden. ______

I love slugs. Don’t try to pick me

up. I have lots of prickly spines. ______

I like the bottom of the sea. I have

eight legs called tentacles. ______

I have long ears and live in holes

in the ground called burrows. ______

The Duck-billed Platypus is a very strange creature. When the first one was brought to Britain from Australia, people wondered if it was some kind of joke.

The reason for this is that it looks like a mixture of other animals.

It has a bill and feet like a duck. It has a tail like a beaver. Its fur is like an otter’s. If that weren’t enough to confuse people, it also lays eggs.

All these different features, however, make it an excellent underwater swimmer.

Long before the telephone, the text message or the postman, pigeons were used to carry messages.

Being able to find their way home over long distances is what makes them special. In competitions, they have been known to fly up to 1000 miles.

They have what is called a homing instinct that makes them very reliable. With a small tube attached to its leg, the homing or carrier pigeon has been very helpful in carrying messages in times of battle.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 38 Having a rabbit for a pet is great fun, but it is also a very big responsibility. You’ll have to be prepared to look after it, keep it in clean conditions and feed it properly for a few years. Remember, you will be in charge of its well-being.

Having a rabbit Having a rabbit is Keep it in clean is fun a big responsibility conditions

Guinea pigs come from South America. Being social animals (they live in groups), they have a number of calls they use to show how they are feeling. When exploring new places, they make a ‘tutt, tutt’ sound. When expecting food, they make a high-pitched whistle-like sound. If you stroke them, they purr.

Guinea Pigs are Guinea Pigs make Guinea Pigs can from S America different sounds purr

Golden Hamsters are small, nocturnal animals, that prefer to live on their own. Unlike mice, hamsters don’t like company. In a cage of its own, it will do its own thing – dashing around or running inside its wheel – in the middle of the night. Happy on its own, it makes it an ideal pet.

Golden Hamsters Golden Hamsters like They dash around are small to live on their own at night

Cinderella’s fairy godmother warns her to be back before midnight.

By magic, the pumpkin is turned into a carriage, the white mice into horses and her rags into a ball gown.

The ugly sisters are invited to the ball, but not Cinderella.

The clock strikes midnight.

The glass slipper fits Cinderella.

Her fairy godmother appears.

The ugly sisters try to squeeze their big feet into the slipper.

One glass slipper falls off Cinderella’s foot as she rushes off.

Cinderella dances every dance with the prince.

The prince searches every house for the owner of the slipper.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 42 First of all, a pot of solid glass is placed inside the furnace. Then it is lit. It has to be very hot inside before the glass melts. Once the glass is soft enough to be shaped, the glassblower picks up his blowpipe. This is made of iron or steel. He or she then pushes the blowpipe into the furnace and brings out a molten lump of glass. Immediately, this heats up the whole blowpipe. So the end that is blown into has to be cooled down by dipping it into cold water.

The glassblower picks up his blowpipe.

The glass melts.

The furnace is lit. In mid-1718 Blackbeard deliberately ran his ship, the Queen Anne's Revenge, onto a sand bank and destroyed it. His plan was to see Charles Eden, the Governor of North CarolinaOne endand of ask the for blowpipe a pardon. is cooled For a while,down inBlackbeard water. lived there as a law-abiding citizen. But it didn't take him long to take up piracy again, this time, sharing any stolen goods with Charles Eden. The glassblower brings a lump of glass out of the furnace. A fleet of Royal Navy ships surprised Blackbeard on November 22, 1718, when he was killed. As a pirate, Blackbeard captured over 40 ships. Although his life of crime lasted only a few years, his fearsome reputation has long outlived him.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 43 The glassblower starts to blow through the pipe to create a bubble of glass at the other end. Its size depends on how much the glassblower blows. All the while, the glass is turned round and round. The glassblower will also use a flat surface to roll and shape the hot glass. There are other hand-tools that are used at this stage: flat paddles and large tweezers. At this point, the glass is likely to cool down and must be reheated inside another small furnace. The glassblower will then continue turning and shaping the glass. When the glassblower is happy that the final shape has been reached, it is allowed to cool down slowly. Finally, the solid glass is cut from the blowpipe, polished and decorated.

The glass is polished and decorated.

The glassblower rolls and shapes the molten glass on a flat surface.

If the glass cools down too soon, it has to be re-heated.

In mid -1718 Blackbeard deliberately ran his ship, the Queen Anne's Revenge, onto a sand bankThe and glassblower destroyed it. blowsHis plan through was tothe see pipe Charles to create Eden, a glass the bubble. Governor of North Carolina and ask for a pardon. For a while, Blackbeard lived there as a law-abiding citizen. But it didn't take him long to take up piracy again, this time, sharing anyThe stolen glass goods is allowed with Charles to cool Eden. down slowly.

A fleet of Royal Navy ships surprised Blackbeard on November 22, 1718, when he was killed. As a pirate, Blackbeard captured over 40 ships. Although his life of crime © lasted Copyright only HeadStart a few Primaryyears, Ltdhis fearsome reputation44 has long outlived him. 

Wandering through the gloomy forest, the children were amazed to come across a house made of sweets.

A strange plant had grown overnight in the back garden. It was so tall, the top of it disappeared into the clouds.

The smell of a delicious breakfast came from the cottage at the edge of the wood. There seemed to be no one in.

The grass on the other side of the bridge looked so much greener. So, one after another, they crossed the bridge.

Inside the cottage, there was seven of everything. Seven chairs, seven coat hooks, seven spoons and seven plates.

There was one tiny room no one had checked. It was at the top of a tower, and inside was a spinning wheel.

A snail has a shell on the outside.

Minibeasts squirm a lot.

Many minibeasts produce things that humans use.

Without bees, we would have no honey.

Minibeasts are found almost everywhere.

Minibeasts play an important part in pollinating flowers.

Caterpillars eat leaves.

Our gardens need minibeasts.

In many parts of the world, people eat insects.

Insects, worms and slugs are all minibeasts.

Crickets are a deep-fried snack in Thailand.

It isn’t like a moving stream or a river.

Ponds are very deep.

Ponds are often full of plant and animal life.

Plants and animals depend on each other.

Slowworms don’t live in ponds.

Even small ponds can be home to frogs and newts.

Ponds can be polluted.

You might also find small fish in ponds.

Dragonflies are often seen flying near ponds.

Dragonfly eyes are the biggest of all insects.

Dragonflies begin life underwater in ponds.

Trees provide habitats Evergreens lose leaves for insects, birds and all the time; new ones mammals. quickly replace them.

We plant trees for food Trees provide us with such as fruit, nuts and wood for building, paper maple syrup. and firewood.

As trees take in carbon Without leaves in the dioxide, they give out winter, these sorts of oxygen. trees save their energy.

A tree that is deciduous The nests of squirrels loses its leaves in the and some insects and autumn. birds are found in trees.

Evergreen trees, such as We need trees to fir trees, have leaves all provide us with clean the year round. air.

______

Somebody in boots is The boy and the girl Lots of people have digging holes in the are pointing at each arrived to jump up garden. I hope he’s other. Aah! At last, and down and giggle. not after my bone. I somebody is picking I let them pat my don’t know what he’s up my lead and head only if they give doing with those pots. putting on their coat. me cake.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 53 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 54 It’s Leila’s birthday. Her brother, Joe, has been working with Mum to bake Leila a cake. It’s a sunny day. Joe wants to carry the cake out into the garden where Leila is waiting for the party to begin. Mum thinks the cake is too awkward for Joe to manage by himself. Joe moans to try to get his own way. Dad thinks they should let him. As Joe steps outside with the cake, he trips and drops the cake. It is ruined. Leila is very upset.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 55 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 56 Chandra and Malika spend the day with their grandmother. Gran lives close to the station, but Chandra is worried they will miss their train home. He nags Malika to hurry up. She seems to be taking a long time to put her coat on. They rush off. Chandra has to run back, however. He has left the train tickets behind. They miss their train. The next one won’t be for another four hours. Chandra talks to his mother on the phone. She suggests that they return to Gran’s.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 57 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 58 Without asking him, Olenka decides to borrow her brother’s football to play in the park. Her brother, Tomasz doesn’t usually mind. She has borrowed his ball before. When he finds out, Tomasz decides to go to the park to join in. He arrives just in time to see his friend, Matthew, arrive. Matthew’s dog, however, excited by all the children playing, runs after the ball, bites it and bursts it.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 61 Jan hesitated in the doorway of Class 3. Her mother smiled at Mrs Jones and gave Jan a gentle nudge forward. The rest of the children were already sitting on the floor, waiting for Mrs Jones to read them a story. “Ah, here she is,” said Mrs Jones. She welcomed Jan and found her a place beside Ellie and Sita, who agreed to show Jan round the school. Jan could feel her heartbeat slow down as she began to relax.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 62 There was an unexpected roar of thunder. Cal stopped making sandwiches and rushed to the window. Denise put the carton of orange juice back in the fridge and joined him just in time to see large raindrops bouncing off the garden path. Outside, in the drive, Dad switched off the car engine and ran inside. Mum emptied the picnic basket and put it back inside the cupboard. Cal and Denise slumped down onto the sofa.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 63 George sat swinging his legs while his mother chatted to his Aunt Jemima. He did his best to nod or shake his head when his aunt asked him questions. He found it hard, however, to take his eyes off the Christmas tree and the present underneath with his name on it. After another hour, another cup of tea and yet another cake, Aunt Jemima smiled and handed the present to George. It was the right size, thought George. His aunt knew he longed for the latest computer game. She watched as George took his time removing the wrapping paper. When he opened the box, he sat very still. All he could do was try hard to smile as he stared and stared at the green and pink bow tie.

sleeping outdoors in a ______. They woke up very

early at ______to the sounds of the birds

______. They could also hear the sea not far

away. So, even before they had eaten any ______,

they decided to take a short ______through the

woods and down to the sandy ______. The sun

was just above the horizon and, at that time in the morning,

they had the place all to ______. First of all,

they searched for crabs in the rock ______. Then

they wandered slowly along the shoreline searching for flat

______to skim across the waves. Having had no

breakfast, they suddenly felt very ______. They

had enjoyed themselves so much that they decided to go back

______.

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© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 71 Dear Uncle Jack, The Native Americans of western Canada tell the story of how Raven I’m sorry to hear that you’re too made the world. Raven found the ill to join us this weekend. Canada first humans taking shelter inside is such an exciting country. The a shell. He persuaded them to Rockies are amazing. We’ll drive come out into his world by giving over on Monday, so see you then. them berries and salmon to eat.

Last night, our reporter, Katie The path up to the log cabin was McKenzie, flew over the avalanche steep. The moon lit the way until site by helicopter. She describes the thunder clouds crowded in. the scene as unlike any she has Somewhere close by there was seen before. Fortunately, there the howl of a wolf. Then another. are no reports of any climbers Closer. My heart pounded and I being in the area. began to run.

Children of the Wolf For the wolf mask, you will need:  card Leaping through darkness,  string The children of mother wolf howl.  scissors Heard by the moose in the starless  hole punch  brown fur fabric Night of the bat and the owl.

Kira: (laughing) You’ll have to throw better than that. Sanjay: (squealing with delight as he slides around on the snow) Don’t you worry, Kira. Maybe this is the first time I’ve seen real snow, but I’ll get better. And soon!

Sanjay throws another snowball, which hits Mr Taylor’s front door. The two children giggle until the door opens and Mr Taylor appears.

Mr Taylor: (angry) That’s it! I’ve had enough. All this noise in the street. I’m trying to read my paper. A little peace and quiet is all I ask. And now you’re attacking my front door. Kira: We’re very sorry, Mr Taylor. It was an accident. Mr Taylor: Huh! Sanjay: It was my fault, Mr Taylor. I am sorry. Mr Taylor: Well, I will be talking to your parents as well as your headteacher.

Mr Taylor goes back into his house, slamming the door. He quickly reappears.

Mr Taylor: And another thing...

A pile of snow slides off his roof and covers him. He looks like a snowman.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 73 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 74 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 75 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 76 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 77 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 78 

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Monday (or is it Tuesday?)

Dear Diary,

I’m pleased the milkmaid hasn’t found you yet. A yellow diary is a good idea. I can hide you easily in the straw. I am a genius. What a lovely day I had yesterday. Lots of grass munching. Last night, I dreamt I would eat some more grass when I woke up and that’s exactly what I did. Amazing! I wonder if I’ll have more later. Life is just one surprise after another.

4th F L O O R

3rd F L O O R

2nd F L O O R

1st F L O O R

Gr F L O O R

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 87 As Hetty the Horse slithered across the field, Mad Marty the Monkey galloped through the trees. Sammy the Snake waddled as fast as he could, but he couldn’t catch up with elegant Eva the Eagle who plodded as high as the clouds. Dr Derek Duck wriggled faster than any other duck you’ve ever seen, but he couldn’t keep up with Betty Butterfly. She swam faster than anybody. Freddie Fish swung through the river just ahead of Tamsin the Tadpole who fluttered along the rushing stream. In the end, it was Terry Tortoise who soared across the finishing line first.

As Hetty the Horse ______across the field, Mad Marty the Monkey ______through the trees. Sammy the Snake ______as fast as he could, but he couldn’t catch up with elegant Eva the Eagle who ______as high as the clouds. Dr Derek Duck ______faster than any other duck you’ve ever seen, but he couldn’t keep up with Betty Butterfly. She ______faster than anybody. Freddie Fish ______through the river just ahead of Tamsin the Tadpole who ______along the rushing stream. In the end, it was Terry Tortoise who______across the finishing line first.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 88 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 89 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 90 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 91 Do you feel you are juggling seven things in the air at once? Does life feel like being stuck in a hamster wheel that never stops spinning? Is there no time to sit back, slow down and watch the flowers grow? Well, the answer to your prayers is on its way!

When I press this button, your eyeballs will swivel and your hair will curl. You will want to fall on your knees or send chocolates and champagne to its inventor. For this is a dream, a wish-come-true, the rainbow’s end.

This machine does it all: deals with those unwanted calls, records all your precious moments, helps you rise and shine in the morning, gives Fido his daily exercise, provides snacks on demand and does all the household chores. It will fly you to the holiday destination of your choice. No need to throw clothes into a bag, rent a room or inflate the beach ball. All you have to do is hold on tight.

mum and dad. Maybe you

heard about the burglar

who ate our porridge and

broke my chair. When we went for a ramble in

the woods, we met an oinking thing collecting sticks for

his house. He said there were no bricks left. Round the

corner, there was a hairy character with sharp teeth. He

was out of breath. He complained about not being able to

find Grandma’s house. I don’t know whose grandma.

Down by the river, we crossed the bridge. Some ugly

creature appeared and got into a rage about three

animals making a terrible noise on its bridge. It went off

when it saw the size of my dad. That’s where I found the

glass slipper. Mum has seen a young, cleaning woman in

the village. Maybe it belongs to her. As our house came

into view, a boy was in the middle of the path, swapping

a cow for a bag of beans. I told him I didn’t think it was

worth it. When I entered our house, I was hoping my

porridge would be cool. In fact, I was hoping it would still

be there!

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 101 The Greeks thought of the basilisk The Greeks also believed in the as the King of Snakes. It was born existence of unicorns. They had from a rooster’s egg and hatched heard stories of them living in by a toad. It could kill any creature India. They were considered to be by looking at it. Its breath wilted magical creatures with special plants. The only way to destroy it powers: the ability to heal the sick was to hold up a mirror in front of and purify poisonous water. Only its eyes so that it died of fright. young girls could tame them.

Brownies are invisible elves that In Russian folk tales, the firebird is live in farmhouses in Scotland. miraculous. With eyes of crystal, While the family is asleep, they do its feathers are silver and gold. It the housework. They always is nocturnal, lighting up the land protect the family. If a brownie is wherever it flies. When it sings, badly treated or offered payment pearls fall from its beak. Hearing for their work, they disappear. its song can cure illness and return Only children are able to see them. sight to the blind.

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Teacher’s Notes:

  

 Little Eagle Lots of Owls has his very own cabin high up in the mountains where the eagles fly. When the sun rises in the east, the sky is filled with birdsong. When it sinks in the west, the land is as silent as the stars. His grandfather, the old chief, said, “Little Eagle Lots of Owls, you have the sharp eyes of the eagle and you can see many things. But your name is as long as it takes the moon to walk across the sky. I shall call you Little Eagle, but you must never forget your true name.” The next morning, as the sun began to warm Little Eagle’s sleepy face, he received a gift from his grandfather. He thanked his grandfather and then he frowned. What was it? It was a mystery. It didn’t have the soft fur of the rabbit or the hard scales of the lizard. It was not big, but it was not small. It had no top and it had no  tail. It was impossible to tell which side was the back and which was the  front. No ears, eyes, nose or mouth could be seen. But it snored. It was fast asleep. Little Eagle prodded it, but it kept on sleeping. He stood with it beneath the blue sky. The song of the birds did not wake it up. He took it to the river’s edge. The rush of the tumbling water did not wake it up. He took it to the forest. The bellowing moose couldn’t wake it up. He took it to the wide-open grassland. Even the stampeding buffalo couldn’t wake it up.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 110 Test A - Year 3  Little Eagle jumped up and down. He whooped and yelled and beat his drum. His rain-dance only made it rain. When he stopped, the sun shone again, and Little Eagle sat and sat. He shook his head. He had seen many things from his mountain where the eagles fly, but never anything like this. But as the Earth rolled over like a sleeping bear, and the sun went down without a sound at all, the creature stopped snoring. It woke up. It opened its eyes – all six of them! Little Eagle gasped. It was not one creature. It was three fat owls, huddling together. They beat their wings and filled the darkening sky with their cries. “Leloo, leloo! Leloo, leloo!” Little Eagle Lots of Owls laughed and clapped his hands. On another mountain, the old chief caught the echo of the laughter in the palm of his hand and smiled, as he watched the moon walk slowly across the sky. “Little Eagle Lots of Owls,” he murmured to himself, “you have the sharp eyes of the eagle and you are as wise as the owl. Now you know your true name.”

remember the dodo?

I was a flightless bird called a Dodo and I lived on the Mauritius: an island in the Indian Ocean. When I became extinct about 350 years ago, they didn’t have cameras. You’ll only see drawings, paintings or written notes of what I looked like. Dutch sailors hunted us for food – not so difficult as we couldn’t fly away.

I’m a Passenger Pigeon – or was. I used to live in huge flocks in the forests of North America. We were wiped out in the early 20th century. Such a terrible story, really. First we were made into stews and pies; then they burnt down our habitat to clear the land to build factories.

I was a type of penguin – a Great Auk – and, like other penguins, never managed to get airborne. You can see why: big body, small wings. It’s the perfect shape for swimming, however, and fat enough to survive the cold in Greenland . I was non-existent by the middle of the 19th century. You guessed it! Eaten by Native Americans.

I lived mainly in New Zealand until the Europeans arrived and settled on the islands in 1840. I was known as a Laughing Owl. Not so funny being caught to be sent as specimens for the British Museum in London! It’s a mystery how we died out. I blame the egg-eating rats and weasels that hid on incoming ships. I got my name because I didn’t hoot. I had more of a mad, laughing call that scared campers out of their wits.

Pop-up cards are easy POP-UP CARDS to make and cheaper than buying one. Get two bits of card. Cut up one to make sticky-out bits. Add some other funny bits. Glue it all together. Done!

0 – 75 Emerging Below average 76 – 95 Developing range

96 – 100 Progressing Average range 101 – 112 Secure

113 – 122 Mastering Above average 123 + Exceeding range

Teacher’s Notes:

No one is really sure who made the first telescope. We do know that it was invented in the town of Middelburg in Holland just over 400 years ago. There were a few people there who made glasses for those who couldn’t see very well. Someone came up with the idea of putting the lenses used in glasses at both ends of a long tube to make a telescope. They were then able to see distant objects.

The Italian astronomer, Galileo, did a lot to improve the telescope. Although it was very useful at sea, it was Galileo who pointed it at space. He observed the craters of the Moon, the moons of Jupiter, and, when making notes about Saturn, he drew a picture of the planet with little ‘ears’ on the sides of it – the rings of Saturn. Most importantly, Galileo was able to prove that the Earth moved around the sun. Before that, people believed that the Earth was at the centre of the universe and that the sun, the stars and everything else moved round the Earth. This was a very strange idea to people at the time and he was thrown into prison.

Computers now help ships to find their way at sea. It was different before we had those. The captain of a ship would have to rely on lighthouse keepers, especially during foggy weather or if the coastline was rocky. So the job of the lighthouse keeper was an important one. The work of a lighthouse keeper – keeping the lamp of the lighthouse working and watching out for ships in danger – was to stop ships crashing onto hidden rocks. It could mean the difference between life and death for a ship’s passengers. It took three men to look after a lighthouse. If they had families, that meant three families would be living there and running the lighthouse together. Many lighthouses had small rooms. People didn’t have much space of their own. Some lighthouses didn’t have toilets or running water. Deliveries of fresh food would often be held up by bad weather. If you fell out with your fellow keepers, there was nowhere to go to calm down. So people had to get on. Despite having to work in the dark a lot of the time, many lighthouse keepers played cards or took up knitting or sewing. There was plenty of time to read. Some wrote poetry or short stories. Lighthouses are still important today, but in 1998, the last lighthouse keeper was replaced by modern machinery. Like your television set, those lighthouses that are still in use work by remote control.

Early Life Grace was born in 1815 in the town of Bamburgh in Northumberland. She spent all of her young life, first of all, in the Brownsman Lighthouse and, later, in the Longstone Lighthouse. Around her first lighthouse home, there were lots of nesting seabirds: terns, eider ducks, puffins and guillemots. She didn’t go to school, but her father, William, taught her to read and write. Also, from an early age, like her brothers and sisters, she learnt how to row a boat. When William and his sons were out at sea, Grace, her sisters and mother were in charge of the lighthouse, keeping watch and making sure the lantern was cleaned and burning properly. At around the age of eleven, Grace moved with her family from the Brownsman to the Longstone Lighthouse. It was built on a bleak, rocky island. It had five levels, three of which were bedrooms. However, sometimes the seas were so stormy, the family had to flee upstairs to escape the waves coming in downstairs.

The Rescue In the early hours of 7th September 1838, Grace couldn’t sleep because of the storm that battered against the rocks outside. From her window, using a telescope, she could see a black shape stranded on rocks about a mile away. As soon as it was light, she and her father could see that a ship, called the Forfarshire, had crashed onto the rocks. It had broken in two. Most of the passengers must have drowned, but there appeared to be some survivors still clinging to the rocks. Putting to sea in a rowing boat called a coble, Grace and her father fought hard against the wind, the mountainous waves and the storm overhead. Getting closer, they could see that there were nine or ten survivors. William Darling knew that this would mean two trips. While her father jumped onto the rocks beside the wreck, Grace controlled the boat: not an easy task in a storm. Grace and her father had to make two journeys between the rocks and the lighthouse to rescue the survivors.

The story of the rescue, and especially Grace’s part in it, was soon in the newspapers. She was described as a heroine. Readers were amazed by her courage and the fact that she had risked her life to save people she did not know. Of course, as far as Grace was concerned, they needed help and she and her father provided it. Soon, gifts of money, clothes and books arrived from admirers all over Britain. Even young Queen Victoria sent her fifty pounds. She also received lots of letters, praising her actions. Some asked for her autograph. Some asked for a piece of fabric from the clothes she wore during the rescue. Many people arrived by boat in the hope of catching a glimpse of Grace. Very quickly, word of her heroic deeds reached as far away as Japan, Australia and America. She never wanted to be famous, but she had become an international celebrity.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 141 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 142 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 143 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 144 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 145 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 146 Scaled Score Stage

0 – 75 Emerging Below average 76 – 95 Developing range

96 – 100 Progressing Average range 101 – 112 Secure

113 – 122 Mastering Above average 123 + Exceeding range

Teacher’s Notes:

Greenwood School, Chestnut Avenue, Fincham. 7th March 2016

Dear Parent / Carer,

Having started Year 3, your child is invited to join our after-school bird-watching club. We meet every Tuesday for one hour. During that time, your child will have the opportunity to observe birds that use our bird feeders, bird bath and nesting boxes. This has been very successful ever since parents helped to make our bird-watching shed look like a bush. Our free club provides binoculars, pencils and notebooks. If your child is interested, please let me know.

Regards,

Mr Edwards

BIRD-SPOTTER’S GUIDE The JAY is a member of the crow family. It is a soft pinkish brown with a cream coloured crest. There is a patch of bright blue on its wing, with a black stripe. It has a black tail with a white patch that is very noticeable in flight. The NUTHATCH is often seen on tree trunks. It is a small bird with a grey back and an orange breast. It has a longish, slim bill. Its amazing ability to climb down a tree trunk head first helps the bird-spotter to identify it.

The GOLDFINCH, as its name suggests, is a small but very striking bird. It is light brown but with a yellow bar on its wing. It has black, white and red markings on its head. They tend to be seen in groups of three or four or more.

I’m Harry. Here is a page from my notebook. Our teacher, Mr Edwards, set it out for us. We have to scribble our notes down very quickly, because the birds don’t sit around for very long. Mr Edwards says, next year, we can look back at these notes to see if the same birds keep coming back.

Orangey pink front

We asked children in Year 3 about their pocket money. We didn’t ask how much they got. That’s private and children could get upset if they found out that they didn’t get as much as their best friend. So here is a sample of what was said.

I don’t get any pocket money for doing ordinary things, like picking up my dirty socks or tidying my room. I have to do that anyway. But I get paid for extra jobs: washing the car, mowing the grass or hoovering.

Alice Imran I have my jobs round the house, like helping with the washing up and sorting the recycling. My pocket money’s got nothing to do with that. I buy sweets and comics with my pocket money. Mum say once it’s gone, it’s gone. So I have to work it all out.

Chloe Because I buy all my stuff with my pocket money, I have to save for big things that cost a lot, like games. I don’t think I realised what things cost till now. I save it in my own bank account. Now that I pay for my own toys, I look after them a lot better.

I get my pocket money once a month, so I have to think very carefully how I’m going to spend it. When I first got it, I spent it all all the first week! Stupid! I help round the house. I do the bins and wash the car – that sort of thing. But here’s a tip. I once went with Dad to a car boot sale to check out the second-hand games. Then I realised I could sell my old toys there and make Danny extra money. Dad says it’ll prepare me for when I’m older.

Alice

Imran

Chloe

Danny

Ingredients (makes 12 pancakes) Method 100 g plain flour 1. Place the flour, eggs, milk and a 2 large eggs pinch of salt into a large bowl. 300 ml milk Whisk until you have a smooth pinch of salt batter. Set it to one side to rest 1 tablespoon sunflower oil for frying for 30 minutes. lemon to squeeze 2. Wipe a medium frying pan with caster sugar to sprinkle oiled kitchen paper. Put it on a medium heat. 3. When the pan is hot, pour in the batter carefully. Cook both sides for 1 minute each. 4. Keep warm in an oven or serve immediately with a squeeze of lemon and sugar to taste.

As you know, I’m Mrs Clark. Thank you all for coming to our annual pancake race. As usual, the race is 100 metres and, remember, your pancake has to be tossed at least ten times. So, if you’re all ready, we’ll get started. Good luck!

READY! GET SET! GO!

Mr Jensen in the monster outfit has made a great start... but, oh dear! I think he’s lost his way. He’s going round in circles. His pancake has landed on his head. And now he’s being overtaken by Mr Carter. It looks like Mr Carter is the winner! Well done! Perhaps somebody could help Mr Jensen up.

When Miriam – that’s my daughter in Class 3 – brought the letter from school saying there was going to be a pancake race, I couldn’t resist. I like to do things for charity. The letter said it had to be fancy dress. I’m sure that’s what it said. Anyway, I got together all the rubbish I keep in the garage and made this monster outfit. I knew Miriam and her friends would love it. I must say, I don’t think the other dads put in much of an effort. Mine was easily the best costume. In fact, it was the only one. It did slow me up a little. And I couldn’t find my pancake at one point. It seems that, when I tossed it up, it landed on my Mr Jensen head. I couldn’t find it.

Saturday 9th July I would have given anything

Dear Diary, for an invisibility cloak.

Why did I bring home that What did he look like in his

letter? I should have known crazy, home-made outfit.

Dad wouldn’t just turn up Now that I’ve recovered from

and do the race. He would my embarrassment, I have to

have to get into fancy dress. say I did laugh when the

I could have died when I saw pancake landed on his head.

what he had made. Then, I must send the photograph

when I realised he was the to Gran. She’ll split her sides

only one in a silly costume, laughing when she sees it.

© Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 165 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 166 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 167 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 168 © Copyright HeadStart Primary Ltd 169 Scaled Score Stage

0 – 75 Emerging Below average 76 – 95 Developing range

96 – 100 Progressing Average range 101 – 112 Secure

113 – 122 Mastering Above average 123 + Exceeding range