SYBEX Book Index

Mastering™ Solaris 8

Barrie Sosinsky and Carol Tanielu

Index

Copyright © 2001 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 0-7821-2816-5 SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the USA and other countries. TRADEMARKS: Sybex has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer. Copyrights and trademarks of all products and services listed or described herein are property of their respective owners and companies. All rules and laws pertaining to said copyrights and trademarks are inferred. This document may contain images, text, trademarks, logos, and/or other material owned by third parties. All rights reserved. Such material may not be copied, distributed, transmitted, or stored without the express, prior, written consent of the owner. The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied by software manufacturers. The author and the publisher no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book. SYBEX Inc. 1151 Marina Village Pkwy. Alameda, CA 94501 USA Phone: 510-523-8233 www.sybex.com 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 830

INDEX

Note to the Reader: Throughout this index boldfaced page references indicate main discussions of a topic and definitions. Italicized page references indicate illustrations.

Symbols Ethernet, 809, 823 host, 566–567 @ sign|@, 370 illegal, 815 (*) asterisk special character, 740 numbers, 345 :! , 663 Remote MagTap protocol and, 221 :-modifier, 715 service, 69 :q! command, 644, 645, 663 space, 33, 52, 53 $HOME/DeadLetters directory, 523 TCP/IP and, 344–346 vectoring, 311 Address Manager, 264 A Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) diagnostic commands and, 821–822 absolute numbers, 296 TCP/IP and, 332 absolute path name, defined, 126 utility of, 375–377, 376 accelerator key, 238 administration, name services and, 357–358 access control lists (ACLs) AdminSuite 3, 456–478 defined, 132 access rights and, 476–478 encryption and, 304 Add Group dialog box, 465 permissions and, 294, 295 Add Multiple Users Wizard of, 462 access permissions. See also permissions and passwords Add User Wizard of, 461 of Calendar, 546, 546–548 delete command of, 467 defined, 131–132 in general, 456–459 directory, 297 Group Properties dialog box, 466 file system problems and, 818 Log on dialog box, 458 users, operators, and numbers and, 295–296 network groups, managing with, 464–468 access rights. See also security network users, managing with, 459 AdminSuite and, 476–478 networks, adding with, 346, 346–348, 347, 348 Apache configuration and, 595–596 role databases and, 468–474 of Calendar, 546, 546–548 roles, creating, 474–476 modifying, 135–137 Set Initial View dialog box, 460, 465 viewing, 132–133 tools opens to the Users window, 459 account management. See AdminSuite 3 user account, adding, 460–464 ACLs. See access control lists (ACLs) User Properties dialog box, 463 Action Archive dialog box, 481, 481 Admintool actions Add Access to Printer dialog box, 416 of CDE desktop, 267–271 Add User dialog box, 432 Create Action window, 268 defined, 395 Icon Editor and Set dialog box, 269 group accounts and, 450, 452, 452–454 oclock operation, 271 printers and, 395, 396, 411–413 Adabas D installation, 87 serial ports and, 192–193 Add Item to Menu control, 261–262, 262 user accounts, managing with, 431–435 Add Local Printer dialog box, 412 Users window of, 431 address. See also Protocol (IP) address Advanced command, Mailer, 525, 525–526 arp utility and, 375–377 AGP video cards, 71 of devices, 186–187 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 831

ALERTS • BACKUP AND RESTORE 831

alerts, of LP print service, 397 Application Manager, 482 algorithms, 59, 303–304, 487 pop-up menu of, 484 built-in, C shell, 766–767 ARCserve 2000, 509 alias built-in, Korn shell, 749 argv array variable, 772 aliases, 517, 522, 808 ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers), Allen, Joe, 664 332, 566 AllowOverride directive, 595 arithmetic expressions, 731–732, 741–743, 742 AMANDA (Advanced Maryland Automatic Network ARP. See Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Disk Archiver) program, 508 arp -a command, 115 American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), 332, arp utility, 375–377, 376 566 ARPAnet, 350, 567 Andreessen, Marc, 573 array variable, 734–735, 772 anon layer, 54–55 arrays, numeric, 776 anonymous memory, 51, 54–58 ASCII files, 384, 409, 668 AnswerBook server, 805 ASET (Automated Security Enhancement Tool), AnswerBook2, 15–17, 16 314–315 AnswerBooks, troubleshooting and, 797, 798 asterisk (*) special character, 740 AOL browser, 600 asymmetric encryption, 303–304 Apache Web Server, 587–600 asynchronous signals, defined, 35 configuration of, 590–600 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 336 global, 590–593 command, 627–628, 676, 783–786 server, 594–598 AT&T Bell Laboratories, 24, 26, 672 virtual hosts, 598–600 Athena project, 283, 318 in general, 587–590 Athena widget set, 284 troubleshooting and, 818–819 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), 336 World Wide Web and, 567 atq argument, 783 Apple Computer, OS X, 7–8 atq command, 628 AppleTalk, 560 atrm argument, 783 Application layer, OSI, 327, 330–331, 563 atrm command, 628 Application Manager attachments archives and, 482, 482–486 e-mail and, 580–581 CDE desktop and, 106 Mailer and, 521, 529–530, 531 program folder, 260 authentication clients, encrypted, 317–318 application proxy program, 312 authorizations, 468–474 applications auto boot? command, 811 in general, 793 auto-boot? variable, 808 troubleshooting and, 824–828 autoconfiguration, defined, 189–190 program execution, following, 825–827 AutoFS service, 435–438 shell scripts, debugging, 827–828 Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET), Applications control, 260 314–315 Applications subpanel, 259, 259–260 automatic file system mount, 367–368 applications, X, 287, 288–289 automount utility, Solaris, 366–367, 367 Appointment Editor, Calendar, 539–540, 541–543 availrmem (system global variable), 56 appointments, Calendar and creating, 539–540 customizations and, 544–549 B getting started, 535–536 Backdrop desktop control, 271 Mailer, combining with, 550–552 backdrop, setting, 275 meetings and, 541–543 background process, defined, 605 searching Calendar and, 543–544 backslash character, 745, 747 views for, 537–539 backup and restore, 495–509 Archive Unpack command, 491, 492 commands for, 504–506 archives, 480–486 in general, 495–498 Action Archive dialog box, 481 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 832

832 BACKUP AND RESTORE • C SHELL (CSH)

local vs. network backup, 507 shell scripts, debugging in, 827–828 strategies for, 498–502 symbolic links and, 301 tape drives and, 221–222 user environment and, 439, 442 third-party backup programs, 507–509 variables and, 715–720 utilities for, 502–504 built-ins of, 716, 716–717 backups, troubleshooting and, 794–795, 796 environmental, 685 bandwidth requirements, 285 exporting, 684 banner command, 807 functions and, 717–720 utility, 714 in general, 715 Basic command, Mailer, 522, 522–523 local, 681–682 Berkeley Fast File System, 161 Bourne, Steve, 673 Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) software, brace expansion, 767 355, 566 braces, variables and, 715 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), 672 bracket [ ] special character, 740–741 Berkeley System Distribution, 161 brk ( ) system call, 826 Berners-Lee, Tim, 567 broadcast networks, 333–334, 343–344 BigAdmin site, 798, 800 broadcast transmission, defined, 338 /bin directory, 140 Bronze Support, SunSpectrum, 803 binary kernel modules, 48–49 BrowserMatch directives, 598 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) software, browsers, 573–579 355, 566 Internet Explorer, 574–575 BIOS interface, startup and, 92–93 Java and, 6–7 block device, defined, 185 Mosaic, 573 block-special file, defined, 128 Netscape, 574, 575–579, 576, 579 blocks, 165–168 BRU 2000 (Backup and Restore Utility), 507 Blowfish, 304 BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), 672 bookmarks, Netscape, 578 buffer overflows, 307 books, Sun Press, 805 buffers, in editor, 657, 659–660 boot block, defined, 166 bugs, 319, 800. See also debug; troubleshooting boot device, 85, 808 built-ins boot process of Bourne shell, 694, 698–700, 716, 716–717 mounting file systems and, 169 @ built-in, 773–774, 775, 776 OpenBoot Prompt and, 806–816 of C shell, 780–787 startup and, 95–97 for input/output redirection, 786–787 BOOTSTRAP Protocol (BOOTP), 361 list of, 780–782 borders and corners, 234 for process control, 782–786 Bourne Again shell, 673, 720 rehash command, 782 Bourne shell, 694–721 variable control structures, 778–780 compatibility of, 690 of Korn shell, 730–732, 732 control structures of, 695–714 shells and, 686–689, 687–688, 690 built-ins of, 698–700 bus architecture, Intel hardware compatibility, 70 case structure, 709–714, 710 bus errors, 815 for...in structure, 704–706 bus topology, defined, 339 here script, 714 buses, hierarchy of, 27 if...then structure, 695–697, 696, 700–703 buttons, 238 if...then...elif structure, 703–704, 705 for structure, 706 utility options, 700 C until structure, 707, 707–709 C programming language, 24 while structure, 706–707 C shell (csh), 762–788 defined, 673 compatibility of, 690 desktop customization and, 272–273 creating scripts in, 777–787 in general, 694–695 command-line shortcuts, 778 scripts of, 99 variable control structures, 780–787 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 833

C SHELL (CSH) • COMMAND TOOL 833

defined, 673 Intel installation and, 83 starting in, 762–777 mount points and symbolic links and, 194–195 alias built-in of, 766–767 mounting, 197–200 command-line expansion and, 767–768 mounting CDs and, 195–196 directory stacks and, 768–771, 769, 770, 771 startup and, 93 environmental variables of, 773–777 volume management and, 193–194 in general, 762–763 WorkMan and, 201 history built-in of, 764–766 CDE desktop. See Common Desktop Environment variables of, 771–773, 773 (CDE) symbolic links and, 301, 302 CDPATH variable, 688–689 terminal , vi editor and, 662 CDs, 195–196, 201, 494–495 user environment and, 439–440, 442 cfgadm command, 188 variables and, 682–683 CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 571–573, 597 Cache File System (CacheFS), 162 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol cache, pages and, 59 (CHAP), 316 Calendar, 535–557 Change command, vi editor, 646, 656 appointments and, 539–540, 540 character device, defined, 185–186 changing views in, 537–539 character-special file, 129 Day view, 537 characters, special, 738–743 Week view, 538 arithmetic expressions, 741–743, 742 Year view, 539 filename generation and, 738–741 command-line utilities and, 552–556, 554, 555 check box, 237–238 customizing, 544–549 command, 136–137 access rights and permissions, 546 child processes, 618, 684 Calendar Options dialog box, 545, 546, 547, command, 436 549 chmod utility, 295, 295 To Do items, 540–541, 541 command, 135–136 Federated Naming Service and, 556–557 circuit switching, 340 functions of, 512 Clark, Jim, 573 group meetings, 549–550 CLID (caller ID), 316 Mailer, combining with, 550–552 client/server model, 337–338 meetings, replicating, 541–543, 542 clients searching the, 543, 543–544 Apache Web Server and, 592–594 starting, 535–536, 536 CGI and, 572–573 caller ID (CLID), 316 Hypertext Transfer Protocol and, 568–570 callog. file, 539 spooling and, 403 cancel command, 420 X Windows, 284–286 Cards subpanel, 258, 258 collisions, 333–334 carrier sense multiple access with collision detection command interpreters, 690 (CSMA/), 333 command-line. See also LP print service case command, 656, 709–710 C shell history built-in and, 764–766 case control structure, 694 commands of, 110–111 case sensitivity, 444, 646 editing, in Korn shell, 751–755 case structure, 709–714, 710 emacs editor, using in, 754–755 command, 115 vi editor, using in, 751–752, 753–754 cd command, 154–155 expansion, in C shell, 767–768 CD-ROMS, 197–204 Session Manager and, 228 contents of, 198 shell scripts and, 677–678 educational, 804 shortcuts, in C shell, 778 ejecting, 202–204, 203 utilities, Calendar, 552–556, 554, 555 file system hierarchy and, 36–37 Command mode, vi editor, 641–642, 645, 646–647, file systems for, 161 751–752 files and directories, working with, 200 command substitution, 731 Intel hardware compatibility and, 70 Command tool, 107, 109 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 834

834 COMMANDS • CONTROL STRUCTURES

commands. See also Bourne shell; built-ins; C shell; commercial license, for Solaris, 63 shell scripts, creating Common Desktop Environment (CDE), 226–272. See for access rights modification, 135–137 also Calendar; Mailer; text editors for Apache, 588–589 actions of, 267–271 backup and restore, 504–506 customizing, 105–106 Bourne shell functions and, 717–720 exiting, 117–118 for Calendar, 552–556 File Manager of, 244–252 compress command, 486–487 front panel of, 253–266 copy, 154, 157–158, 207–208 GUIs and, 105–106, 224–225 diagnostic, 190–192, 821–822 invisible filenames in, 126 for disk quotas, 176–177 log on of, 227–230 for disk repair, 177–179 login screen of, 104 for disk utilization, 172–175 menus of, 230–232 for editing in vi editor, 653–654, 655–656 new directory, creating in, 153–154 elm (e-local mail) freeware and, 309–310 startup resource files and, 152 file, 115–117 terminal and console windows and, 108–109 of File Manager, 244–247 windows of, 232–243 file manipulation, in vi editor, 649 workspaces of, 271–272 find, 111–114 Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 571–573, 597 for finding system information, 114–115 Common Open Software Environment (COSE), GNU tar command, 484–486 224–225 for group accounts, 451–452 Compaq Storage Array servers, 93 for GUI Login screen, 102 compatibility, Solaris, 5–6, 65, 70–71 of Korn shell, 737–738, 749–750, 757–759 Compose Window command, Mailer, 524–525 Korn shell built-ins, 730, 730–732 Compose window, Mailer, 516, 519–520, 524 for links, 159–160 compress command, 486–487 for Mailer, 522–529 compression, 480, 484, 486–488, 491 in man and xman pages, 11–13 Computer Associate, 509 for managing jobs, 627–630 concentrator, defined, 334 mount, 169–170 configuration files, 38–39 for navigating directories, 154–155 Confirm Information screen, 78 of Network File System, 369 confirmation notice, e-mail, 526 of OpenBoot Prompt, 808–811, 813 Connectionless communication protocols, 331 of OpenLook Desktop, 282 connectivity mode, SunVTS, 814 for packages, 490–495 console port, startup and, 93–95 password, for user accounts, 443–445 console session, 94–95 pine, 582–584 Console window, 108, 109 print, 407 continue command, 708–709 of process file system, 618–621 control scripts for process priorities, 615–617 instructions of, 100 of role-based access, 476 startup and, 98–100 sar command, 631–632 subdirectories of, 99 of sendmail, 307 troubleshooting, 824–825 for shell scripts, 676–679 control structures shutdown, 101 of Bourne shell, 695–714 SMTP, 305–306 built-ins of, 698–700 tar command, 480–483 case structure, 709–714, 710 unmount, 171–172 for...in structure, 704–706 of user accounts, 428–430 function of, 694 of vi editor, 645–647, 648, 655–656, 753–754 here script, 714 for viewing processes, 606–613 if...then structure, 695–697, 696, 700–703 in Window menu, 239–240 if...then...elif structure, 703–704, 705 of Workspace menu, 241–242 for structure, 706 comments, 425 test utility options, 700 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 835

CONTROL STRUCTURES • DEVICE DRIVERS 835

until structure, 707, 707–709 D while structure, 706–707 of C shell, 778–780 daemons, 364–365, 385–386 of Korn shell, 735–736 data, 45–46, 185–186 controller numbers, 187 Data Link layer, OSI, 328, 332–333, 564 controls, Desktop, 273–277 Data Link Provider Interfaces (DLPIs), 27 coprocess, 744–748, 745 data locks, 26 copy command data packets, 343 defined, 154 data-stream transmissions, 339, 340 for diskettes, 207–208 datagram transmissions, 339, 340 for files and directories, 157–158 date links and, 159 at command and, 627 in vi editor, 657 command and, 629–630 Copy Object dialog box, 250 network addressing and, 69 COSE (Common Open Software Environment), DCA (Device Configuration Assistant), 83–85 224–225 command, 502–503 cpio command, 484–486 DDI (device driver interface), 42 CPU deadlocks, virtual memory and, 34 errors, troubleshooting, 815 debug, 377–382, 720, 827–828 Performance Meter and, 625–626 decryption, 488, 489 pr stat argument and, 785 default mount points, 164–165 Process Manager and, 615 default router, 823 watchdog reset, 815 DELETE method, 569 crash command, 634 deleting and undoing, in vi editor, 654, 656 crash, system, 649, 793, 795 demand paging, 26–27, 34 crash utility, 822 DES algorithm, 304 Create Action window, 267–268, 268 desktop, Solaris, 224–289 cron command, 628–630, 676 CDE desktop, 226–272 csh. See C shell (csh) actions of, 267–271 .cshrc variable, 763 File Manager of, 244–252 CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision front panel of, 253–266 detection), 333 log on and, 227–230 CTAR program, 507 menus of, 230–232 cursor, vi editor and, 652 windows of, 232–243 customization workspaces of, 271–272 of Calendar, 544–549 customizing, 272–280 access rights and permissions, 546 desktop controls, 273–277 Calendar Options dialog box, 545, 546, 547, with Hotkey Editor, 277–280 549 graphical user interface and, 224–226 of desktop controls, 273–277 OpenLook desktop, 280–283 with Hotkey Editor, 277–280 , 283–289 of Mailer, 521–529 X applications, 287–289 additional commands, 528–529 X clients and servers, 284–286 Advanced command and, 525, 525–526 X sessions, 286–287 Basic command and, 522, 522–523 destination, defined, 394–395 Compose window and, 524, 524–525 /dev directory, 39, 140–141, 183–184 custom view, creating, 531–534 devalias command, 808 Move Menu Setup Mail Options dialog box, 528 Device Configuration Assistant (DCA), 83–85 Templates command and, 527, 527 device directories, 39 Vacation Message Mail Options dialog box, 529 device driver interface (DDI), 42 of Netscape browser, 578–579 device drivers, 189–193 of Solaris desktop, 272–280 diagnostic utilities of, 190–191 cwd variable, 772 functions of, 41–42 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 836

836 DEVICE DRIVERS • DOCUMENTATION

serial ports, 192–193 directories, 137–160. See also home directory in Solaris, 27 access permissions for, 297 device file, defined, 364 on CDs, working with, 200–204 device to device command, 502–503 configuring, 39 device tree, 41 copying and moving, 157–158 devices, 182–222 creating, 152–154 addresses of, 186–187 defined, 138 CD-ROMS, 197–204 defining in Apache, 591 ejecting, 202–204, 203 deleting, 156–157 files and directories, working with, 200 device, 39 mounting, 197–200 on diskettes, 207–210 WorkMan and, 201 links and, 158–160 device drivers, 189–193 list of, 138–150 diagnostic utilities of, 190–191 navigating, 154–155 serial ports, 192–193 program, 40 diskettes, 204–210 startup resource files, 151–152 ejecting, 210 temporary, 40–41 files and directories, working with, 207–210 user accounts and, 433 formatting, 205–207 working and home directories, 151 mounting, 205 Directory directives, 595–596 file system structure and, 122 directory file, defined, 129 in general, 182–183 directory hierarchy, 48–49 hard drives, 212–220 directory listings, Apache, 597 adding a disk, 219–220 directory stacks, C shell, 768–771, 769, 770, 771 disk management and, 216–219 directory tree, 122–124, 123 partitions of, 213–215 dirs built-in, C shell, 768–771, 769, 770, 771 installation and removal of, 187–189 Disk Selection screen, 80–81, 81 interrupts and, 815 disk storage, 160–179 mappings of, 183–184 disk structures, 165–166 mount points and symbolic links and, 194–195 disk utilization, 172–179 mounting file systems and, 169–171 commands for, 172–175 OpenBoot Prompt and, 807–810 disk quotas, 176–177 removable media, mounting, 195–196 disk repair, 177–179 tape drives, 221–222 file systems troubleshooting and, 793 adding new, 168–169 types of, 184–186 in general, 161–162 unmounting file systems and, 171–172 mounting, 169–171 volume management for, 193–194 unmounting, 171–172 zip and jaz drives, 211–212 virtual, 162–165 /devices directory, 141 superblocks and inode tables, 166–168 devlinks utility, 822 disk thrashing, defined, 633 command, 172–173 diskettes, 204–210 df utility, 363 copying from, 503 DHCP. See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ejecting, 210 (DHCP) files and directories, working with, 207–210 diag-level variable, 807 formatting, 205, 205–207 diagnostic mounting, 195–196, 205 commands, 808–811, 813, 821–822 volume management and, 193 OpenBoot Prompt and, 807–813 distributed computing, defined, 337 tests, POST, 805–806 DLPIs (Data Link Provider Interfaces), 27 utilities, device, 190–192 dmesg command, 191–192, 819, 825 dialog boxes, 235–238, 243 docs.sun.com site, 797, 798, 813 directives, for Apache, 591–599 documentation, troubleshooting and, 794, 797 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 837

DOLLAR SIGN ($) • ENCRYPTION 837

dollar sign ($) in general, 103–104 Korn shell variables and, 727 Open Windows, customize, 106–107 shells and, 679, 682, 683, 689 dtlogin manager, 227–228 variables and, 715 dtmail agent, 513, 517 Domain Name Screen, 75–76 dtmail program, 580–581 Domain Name Service (DNS), 350–355 .dtprofile file, 272–273 domains, proposed, 352 command, 174–175 domains, -level, 351 dump command, 505. See also ufsdump utility installation and, 76–77 DVD, format for, 161, 162 internetworking and, 565–566 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), OSI Application layer and, 330 360–369 doors, 34–35, 185 in general, 360–362 dotted decimal notation, 344 host addresses and, 566–567 double indirection, 54–55 installation and, 75 download Network File System and, 362–369 of AdminSuite 3, 456 screen of, 75 of Apache, 587–588 dynamic linking, 27 of backup programs, 507–509 of Bourne Again shell, 720 of compression programs, 487–488 E of FastCGI, 572 e-local mail (elm) freeware, 309–310 of files, FTP site, 577–578 e-mail, 579–585. See also Mailer of Internet Explorer, 574 address, 516 of Netscape, 573 Apache server configuration and, 594 packages and, 490–495 Calendar and, 550–552 of patches, 88, 821 in general, 579–581 of Secure Shell, 318 message, open, 518 of servlets, 573 message, ready, 517 software, compatibility and, 10 pine newsreader, 584–585 of Solaris, 64 pine, using for, 581–584 of StarOffice suite, 85 posting, 387 of StarOffice Word Processor, 668 security of, 305–311 of top command, 611 setup pop-up window, 514 of WorkMan program, 495 eBay, 18 drag and drop action, 250–251, 530–531 command, 684–685 drivers, 52. See also device drivers echo statement, 711–713 drives echo variable, 776 hard drives, 212–220 Edit Defaults option, Calendar, 544–545, 545 adding a disk, 219–220 Edit Hotkey dialog box, 279, 280 disk management and, 216–219 editors. See text editors file system problems and, 816–817 edquota command, 176–177 Intel hardware compatibility and, 70 educational resources, 803–805, 804. See also life span of, 495 resources OpenBoot Prompt and, 809 eeprom command, 822 slices or partitions of, 213–215 EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read tape, 187, 221–222 Only Memory), 49 zip and jaz, 211–212 eject command, 202, 203 drvconfig command, 184 electronic mail. See e-mail; Mailer dtcm_delete command, 555, 556 elm (e-local mail) freeware, 309–310 dtcm_editor command, 553–554, 554 emacs editor, 664, 754–755 dtcm_insert command, 555 encapsulation, 562 dtcm_lookup command, 555 encrypted authentication clients, 317–318 dtfile. See File Manager encrypting program, 292 dtlogin GUI, 103–107 encryption CDE desktop, 105–106 The Action: DeCrypt dialog box, 489 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 838

838 ENCRYPTION • FILE SYSTEM

The Action: Encryption dialog box, 488 parameter, 112–113 file utility for, 488–490 expressions, numeric, 775, 776 secret key, 304, 318 ExtendedStatus directive, 591 symmetric and asymmetric, 303–305 extender, 339 .enet-addr command, 809 extensions, file, 125–126, 670 Enhanced Software Technologies, 507 extranet, defined, 560 enterprise servers, 112 Entry mode, vi editor, 645 env command, 114 F environmental variables, 685–686, 725–726, FAQs, resource for Solaris 8, 18–21 773–777 FastCGI, 572 ErrorLog directive, 598 Fatbrain.com, 15 errors, 715, 786, 815. See also bugs; troubleshooting fc command, 756–757 Esc key, vi editor, 647, 648 FDFS (file descriptor file system), 164 escape options, print built-in, 746–747 fdisk, 69 /etc/defaultdomain file, 359 fdisk command, 216 /etc/defaultrouter file, 359 Federated Naming Service (FNS), 556–557 /etc directory, 38–39, 115, 141–143 Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 335, 336 /etc/group file, 455 fiber-optic cabling, 335 /etc/hostname. file, 359 fiber-optic security system, 321 /etc/inittab file, 100 FIFOS (first-in-first-out file system), 164 /etc/nodename file, 359 file command, 115–117 /etc/nsswitch.conf file, 406–407 file descriptor file system (FDFS), 164 /etc/security/auth_attr, 470, 470–471 File Manager, 244–252 /etc/security/exec_attr, 473, 473–474 commands and, 240, 244–247 /etc/security/prof_attr, 471–472 diskettes and, 207–208 /etc/skel/local.cshrc file, 440 files, moving, copying, and renaming in, 249–252 /etc/skel/local.login file, 440 group accounts and, 450 /etc/skel/local.profile file, 441 log on and, 228–229 /etc/user_attr, 468–470 Mailer and, 530–531 /etc/vfstab file, 170 menus and, 232 Ethernet address, 809, 823 new directory, creating with, 153–154 Ethernet network, 333–334, 375 selection in, 248–249 Ethernet switch, 334 user home directory and, 436 Eudora mail client, 310 windows and, 234–235 event modifiers, C shell, 766 file manipulation commands, 649, 818 events, history built-in and, 764–766 file permissions, 293–297 line editor, 640 directory access permissions, 297 exec built-in, Bourne shell, 694 in general, 293–296 exec ( ) system call, 603, 826 setuid, setgid permissions, 296–297 executable files, 133–134, 391–393 file system, 122–180. See also Network File System executable programs (NFS); Unix file system (UFS) CGI, 571 directories, 137–160 system process and, 602–605 copying and moving, 157–158 troubleshooting, 825–827 creating, 152–154 execute access, 131 deleting, 156–157 , 113–114 links and, 158–160 command , 716 list of, 138–150 expansion navigating, 154–155 command-line, C shell and, 767–768 startup resource files, 151–152 shell scripts and, 678–679 working and home directories, 151 shell variable, 733–734 disk storage, 160–179 Explorer Data Collector, 799 disk structures, 165–166 /export directory, 143 disk utilization and, 172–179 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 839

FILE SYSTEM • GNU GTAR UTILITY 839

file systems, adding new, 168–169 Find Process control, 263 file systems and, 161–162 Find Set dialog box, 269 file systems, mounting, 169–171 find utility, Bourne shell, 695 file systems, unmounting, 171–172 finger command, 447–449, 448 superblocks and inode tables, 166–168 finger utility, 370, 371 virtual file systems and, 162–165 firewalls, 77–78, 311–312 files, working with, 124–137 first-in-first-out file system (FIFOS), 164 attributes and properties of, 127–137 fix-modes utility, 292–293 filenames, 125–127 floating point exceptions, 43 structure of, 122–124 floppy disks, 161, 193. See also diskettes troubleshooting, 816–818 FNS (Federated Naming Service), 556–557 file system, hierarchical, 35–41, 164–165 folder File Transfer Protocol (FTP) defined, 138 defined, 330 moving, copying, renaming, 249–252 ftp command, 719 selection of, 248–249 site, downloading from, 577–578 for...in structure, 704–706 utility for, 384 foreach built-in, C shell, 778–779 file transfer utilities, 384 foreground process, defined, 605 file utilities, 480–509 fork ( ) system call, 603 archives, 480–486 format command, 216–220, 217 backup and restore, 495–509 format utility, 216–220 backup strategies, 498–502 FQDN (fully qualified domain name), 352 backup utilities, 502–504 fragmentation, 169, 178 commands for, 504–506 Frame Relay, 336–337 in general, 495–498 free hog slice, 218 local vs. network backup, 507 “Free Solaris Binary License Program”, 62 third-party backup programs, 507–509 front panel, 253–266 compression, 486–488 controls of, 254–256 encryption, 488–490 menus, 231 packages, 490–495 modifying, 265–266 filec variable, 772 subpanels of, 257–265 fileedit2 script, 713 fsck command, 177–179, 817 filenames, 125–127, 738–741 FTP. See File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Files subpanel, 258, 259 fully qualified domain name (FQDN), 352 files, working with, 124–137 function, defined, 695 attributes and properties of, 127–137 functions access permissions, 131–132 Bourne shell and, 717–720 access rights, modifying, 135–137 Bourne Again shell, 720 access rights, viewing, 132–133 .profile file, 718–719 file types, 127–131 shell script debugging, 720 SUID and SGID permissions, 133–134 spell utility, 719–720 on CDs, 200–204 Korn shell and, 748–750 copying and moving, 157–158 command, 202, 621 deleting, 156–157 on diskettes, 207–210 filenames, 125–127 G extensions, 125–126 gateway, 561, 562 invisible, 126 GET request, 571–572 path name, 126–127 getopts command, 737–738 linking, 302 GID number. See group identification number (GID moving, copying, renaming, 249–252 number) filters, print, 405–406 GNOME, 7, 226, 284 find command, 111–114 GNU gtar utility, 490–492 Find dialog box, 243, 543, 543–544 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 840

840 GNU TAR COMMAND • HYPERTERMINAL SOFTWARE

GNU tar command, 484 method, 569 Gold Support, SunSpectrum, 802 headers goto built-in, C shell, 778 defined, 329 Grandfather-Father-Son backup rotation scheme, OSI model and, 562, 564 499–500, 500 request, HTTP, 568–570 graphical user interface (GUI), 102–103, 224–226, Help Manager, 264 280–283 Help menu, Netscape, 575 Graphical Workspace Manager, 272 Help subpanel, 264, 264 group account, defined, 449 here script, 695, 714 group accounts. See user accounts and groups hidden files, 126 group database, 450–451 hierarchical file system, 35–41, 164–165 group file, 422 High Sierra file system (HSFS), 36–37, 161 group identification number (GID number) hint (caching) server, 353–355 data types and, 426 variable, 755–756 defined, 422 history built-in, C shell, 764–766 explained, 454–455 history files, Korn shell, 755–757 passwd file and, 425 .history variable, C shell, 763 role databases and, 471–474 variable, 755–756 system process and, 603 home directory groupadd command, 451 automatic file system mount and, 368 groupdel command, 452 creating a, 435–438 groupmod command, 451–452 defined, 143 grpck utility, 822 partition for, 215 gtar command, 490–492 in passwd file, 425 GTK toolkit, 284 working directory and, 151 GUI. See graphical user interface (GUI) /home partition, 68 gzip compression, 484, 487 HOME variable, 772 host addresses, 566–567 H addressing and, 344–345 Apache server configuration and, 594 hackers, 102, 794 arp utility and, 375–377 hard drives, 212–220 database file of, 359–360 adding a disk, 219–220 finger utility and, 370–371 disk management and, 216–219 ping utility and, 373–375 file system problems and, 816–817 snoop utility and, 377–382 Intel hardware compatibility and, 70 TCP/IP and, 332, 349–350 life span of, 495 virtual hosts, Apache, 598–600 OpenBoot Prompt and, 809 host name, defined, 69 partitions of, 213–215 hostid command, 114 hard link HostNameLookups directive, 598 defined, 158–159 hot-plugging, 188 link permissions and, 298, 300 Hotkey Editor removal of, 302 actions and, 270 hardware customization with, 277–280 backup and restore and, 495 defined, 263 Intel, compatibility of, 70–71 for keyboard macros, 278 resources for, 18 HSFS (High Sierra file system), 36–37, 161 troubleshooting, 805–816 HTML editors, 575 backups and, 795 HTML files, 595–596 in general, 792–793, 805–806 HTML site, downloading from, 577–578 OpenBoot prompt and, 806–813 httpd.conf file, 590 within , 814–816 hub, 339 Hardware Address Translation (HAT) layer, 33–34, HyperTerminal software, 94 51–52, 53 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 841

HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP) • INTERNETWORKING 841

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) on SPARC, 71–83 BrowserMatch directives and, 598 StarOffice installation, 85–87 OSI Application layer and, 330 system configuration, 74–78 World Wide Web, the Internet and, 568–570 Web Start, 78–83 instructions trap, 43 integer attributes, Korn shell, 728 I Intel adding a disk, 220 I/O architecture, 41–50 hardware, compatibility of, 65, 70–71 directory hierarchy, 48–49 installation of Solaris and, 83–85 linking, 49–50 newsgroup for, 586 Solaris kernel and, 42–44 startup and, 92–93 synchronization and, 45–47 Interactive (IA) class, 32 system clock and, 44–45 interactive installation, 66 IBM, Token Ring network, 334 interchange format, 126 ICMP. See Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) International Standards Organization (ISO), 565 Icon Editor, 269 Internet and networking icons, 226–227, 266, 519–520 Apache, 587–600 IDE hard drive, 817 configuration of, 590–600 IDEA algorithm, 304 in general, 587–590 if control structure, C shell, 778 browsers, 573–579, 574 if...then structure, 695–697, 696, 700–703 Netscape, 575–579, 576, 579 if...then...elif structure, 703–704, 705 e-mail and, 579–585 ifconfig -a command, 115 pine newsreader, 548–585 ifconfig command, 822 pine, using for, 581–584 ifconfig utility, 382 information sharing, 585–587 IFS variable, 686 internetworking, 560–567 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), 309, domain name service and Internet, 565–566 513–514, 528 host addresses and, 566–567 INBOX, pine, 583–584 network communications and, 561–565, 562 incremental backup, 498–501, 504–505 security and, 313 infinite loop symbolic directory, 113 whois utility and, 383–384 information sharing, 585–587 World Wide Web and, 567–573 init process, 101 Common Gateway Interface and, 571–573 initiator-id variable, 807 HTTP and, 568–570 inode numbers, 300 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), 331, 332, inode tables, 166–168, 167 373, 374 input and output, Korn shell, 743–750 Internet Explorer, Microsoft, 574–575 coprocess, redirecting I/O, 744–748, 745 Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), 309, functions and, 748–750 513–514, 528 input-device variable, 808 Internet Protocol (IP) address input/output redirection, 744–748, 786–787 defined, 69 install server, 82 DHCP screen and, 75 installation of Solaris 8, 62–89 domain name service and, 565–566 distributions of Solaris and, 62–65 host addresses and, 566–567 installing, 65–71 network files and, 359–360 installation types and, 65–66 system communication and, 823 Intel hardware compatibility and, 70–71 TCP/IP and, 344 network addressing and, 69–70 whois utility and, 383–384 partitioning schemes and, 66–69 Internet Protocol (IP), defined, 331–332 patches and, 87–88 internetworking, 560–567 procedure for, 71–87 domain name service and, 565–566 Intel installation, 83–85 host addresses and, 566–567 preboot process, 72–74 network communications and, 561–565, 562 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 842

842 INTERNIC • KORN SHELL (KSH)

InterNIC. See Network Solutions kernel architecture, 27–35 interprocess communication (IPC), 34–35 in general, 27–30 interprocessor interrupts, 43 interprocess communication and, 34–35 interrupts, 42–43, 815 linking and, 49–50 intranet, 560 signals and, 35 invisible filenames, 126 threads and, 31–32 Iomega, zip and jaz drives, 211 virtual memory and, 33–34 iostat command, 822 /kernel directory, 144 IP. See Internet Protocol (IP) kernel dispatcher, 31–32 IP packets, 316–317 kernel mode, 42 ipnodes database, 360 kernel process execution, 29 IPV4 address classes, 345 key signing, 304–305 IPX (Novell), 560 keyboard commands, 622 iscda script, 822 keyboard shortcuts. See also commands ISO (International Standards Organization), 565 in C shell, 778 ISO/OSI model, 327–337 HotkeyEditor and, 277–280 for shells, 673–674 in Window menu, 239, 240 J keyboards, vi editor and, 650 keystrokes Java applet, 7 in CDE Text Editor, 665 Java programming language, 6–7 HotkeyEditor and, 277–280 Java Runtime Environment, 86–87, 87 in vi editor, 641, 645, 650–652, 653–654 jaz drives, 211–212 workspace navigation, 236 keyword variables, 718–719, 729, 729–730 in C shell, 768, 782–786 argument, 783 in Korn shell, 749–750 kill built-in, Korn shell, 750 shell scripts and, 675–676 kill command, 622–623, 624 job id argument, 783 Kill command, Process Manager, 614, 614 job scheduler, 605 kill scripts, 100 Job shell, 673, 675–676 kmem files, 631 jobs argument, 783 Korn shell (ksh), 724–759 jobs, managing, 627–630 basics of, 724–727 att command and, 627–628 default options of, 726 cron command and, 628–630 start files of, 725–726, 727 joe text editor, 664 command-line editing in, 751–755 Joy, Bill, 762 emacs editor, using in, 754–755 JPEG file, 487 vi editor, using in, 751–752, 753–754 JumpStart server, 66, 82 compatibility of, 690 control structures of, 735–736 K defined, 673 desktop customization and, 272–273 KDE toolkit, 284 directory navigation in, 155 KeepAlive directive, 592 history files of, 755–757 KeepAliveTimeout directive, 592 input and output of, 743–750 Kerberos, security and, 318–320 coprocess, redirecting I/O, 744–748, 745 kernel functions and, 748–750 defined, 27 linked directories, 301 directory hierarchy and, 48–49 processing commands and, 757–759 functions in Solaris, 27 processing options of, 737–738 platform specific, 189 shell scripts, debugging in, 827 Solaris, explained, 42–44 special characters of, 738–743 synchronization and, 46 arithmetic expressions, 741–743, 742 system clock and, 44–45 filename generation and, 738–741 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 843

KORN SHELL (KSH) • MAILCHECK VARIABLE 843

user environment and, 439, 442 root, 313–314 variables and, 681–682, 685 security of, 320 variables of, 727–735 user environment and, 439 array, 734–735 user home directory and, 435–436 built-in, 730–732, 732 to X Windows, 287 in general, 727–728 Login Manager, 227–228 keyword, 729, 729–730 login screen, GUI, 102–103 shell variable expansion, 733–734 login shell, user, 425 ksh. See Korn shell (ksh) .login variable, C shell, 763 logins command, 446, 446 LogLevel directive, 598 L .logout variable, C shell, 763 logs, printer, 404–405, 405 LAN. See local area network (LAN) loopback file system (LOFS), 164 laptop, 94 looping control structures Last-Line mode, vi editor, 645 defined, 694 Lay Out File Systems screen, 81–82, 82 for...in structure, 704–706 LBX (low bandwidth X), 565 for structure, 706 lebelit utility, 504 until structure, 707–709 LEDs, 805–806, 809 while structure, 706–707 Legate Networker program, 509 lossless compression, 487 /lib directory, 144 lossy compression, 487 line, defined, 653 low bandwidth X (LBX), 565 line editors, 640 lp command Linear Tape Open (LTO) tape systems, 497–498 Calendar and, 548 lines, in vi editor, 653–654 network tools and, 398–401 link command, defined, 159 networked printers and, 413–414 link permissions, 297–300 for printing a file, 418–420 linking, 27, 49–50 spooling and, 393–394 links, 158–160, 298, 302 LP print service Links subpanel, 257, 258 directories and executable files of, 391–393 , 7 in general, 390–391, 393–395 list box, 237 print schedulers of, 401–406 list command, 198–199 printing a file with, 418–420 utility, 299, 300 lp utility, 739 local area network (LAN) lpadmin command, 396–397, 408–409, 413, 415 defined, 337 lpsched daemon, 402, 402–403, 404 explained, 338–339 lpstat command, 410–411 network communications and, 561, 562 command, 297, 299–300 local backup, 507 lsof command, 621 local printers, 411–413, 412 Lynx, 574 local socket, defined, 34 Location toolbar, Netscape, 575 LockFile directive, 591 M locks, 46–47 LOFS (loopback file system), 164 MAC (Media Access Control) address, 332–333, 375 logging directives, Apache, 597–598 macros, HotkeyEditor and, 277–280. See also key- logical device name, 168 board shortcuts login magic files, 116 of CDE desktop, 227–230 mail agent, 513 dtlogin manager and, 103–107 mail delivery agent (MDA), 512 group accounts and, 451 Mail subpanel, 260, 260 IMAP login dialog box, 514 MAIL variable, 685 remote access and, 315 MAILCHECK variable, 685–686 remote login utilities, 371–373 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 844

844 MAILER • NAME RESOLUTION

Mailer, 512–534 process management and, 630–635 attachments and, 529–530, 531 physical memory, 631–632 Calendar, combining with, 550–552 relationship to, 602 custom view, creating a, 531–534, 532, 533 virtual memory, 632–635 customization of, 521–529 system calls and, 826 Advanced command and, 525, 525–526 virtual file systems and, 162–163 Basic command and, 522, 522–523 virtual memory, 33–34 commands for, 528–529 memory management trap, 43 Compose Window command and, 524, memory management unit (MMU), 33–34, 51, 59 524–525 menus Move Menu Setup Mail Options dialog box, 528 case structure and, 711–713 Templates command and, 527, 527 of CDE desktop, 230–232 Vacation Message Mail Options dialog box, 529 OBDiag tool and, 811–813 File Manager and, 530–531 select control structure and, 735–736 in general, 512–513 message transfer agent (MTA), 512–513 mail message, creating a, 516, 516–517, 517, 518 metacharacters. See characters, special mail message, viewing, 518–521 Microsoft Internet Explorer, 574–575 mailbox, creating a new, 534 Microsoft, Solaris and, 6 starting the, 513–516, 514, 515 MIME. See Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension mailing list server, 387 (MIME) mailing lists minimize button, 234 defined, 20 MinSpareServers directive, 593 as resource, 18–21 mirrored disk, 496, 795 for Solaris, 587 command, 152–153 mail.local MDA, 512, 518 mmap ( ) system call, 826 mailtool agent, 513 MMU. See memory management unit (MMU) mailtool program, 580–581 /mnt directory, 144 mailx agent, 513 modems, 189, 315–316 man command, 697 modules, 48–50 man pages, 10–13, 11 pager, 13 Management Console, Solaris, 456, 457–458 Mosaic browser, 573 mapping, 53, 54 Motif Window Manager, 228 mappings, device, 183, 183–184 MotifToolkit, 225 masking, defined, 35 mount command, 169–170, 817 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 283, 318 mount points, 164–165, 194–195 master server, 353–354 mouse, 227 MaxClients directive, 593 Move Menu Setup Mail Options dialog box, 528 maximize button, 234 move operation, 252 MaxKeepAliveRequests directive, 592 MS-DOS file system, 161 MaxRequestPerChild directive, 593 mt command, 221 MaxSpareServers directive, 593 MTA (message transfer agent), 512–513 MDA (mail delivery agent), 512 multicast transmission, 338 Media Access Control (MAC) address, 332–333, 375 multihomed systems, 332 meetings, Calendar and, 541–543, 542, 549–550 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) mem file, 631 Apache Web server and, 596 memory e-mail security and, 306, 307 frozen, 816 send mail in, 526 Intel hardware compatibility and, 70 munmap ( ) system call, 826 interprocess communication and, 35 mutex lock, 47 Korn shell functions and, 749 memory architecture, 50–59 anonymous memory, 51, 54–58 N in general, 50–53 name file system (NAMEFS), 164 pages, 58–59 name resolution, defined, 353 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 845

NAME SERVICE • NETWORKING AND THE INTERNET 845

name service, defined, 69 sharing file systems and, 363–365 Name Service Screen, 75–76 unmounting remote file systems in, 368–369 name services unsharing file systems and, 365 Domain Name Service, 76–77, 330, 350–355, Network Information Service (NIS), 330, 356–357, 565–566 429, 450 network files, critical, 359–360 network interface card (NIC), 332, 347–348 NIS and NIS+, 356–357 Network layer, OSI, 328, 331–332, 564 TCP/IP administration and, 357–358 Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), 586 user accounts and, 429 network services, 326–388 named pipe file, 130 daemons and, 385–386, 385–386 NAMEFS (name file system), 164 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, 360–369 NAS (network-attached storage) devices, 496–497 in general, 360–362 navigation, in vi editor, 650–653 Network File System and, 362–369 Navigation toolbar, Netscape, 575 name services, 350–360 nested traps, 43–44 Domain Name Services, 350–355 netmask database, 360 network files, critical, 359–360 Netscape browser, 575–580 NIS and NIS+, 356–357 Advanced Proxies page of, 580 TCP/IP administration and, 357–358 bookmarks and, 578 network utilities, 370–384 customization of, 578–579 arp, 375–377 downloading files with, 577–578 for file transfer, 384 introduction of, 573 in general, 370–371 Navigator section, 579 netstat and ifconfig, 382 screen elements of, 576 nslookup, 382–383 toolbars of, 575–577 ping, 373–375 View Manual Proxy Configuration dialog box of, 581 remote login, 371–373 Netscape Communicator, 573 snoop, 377–382 Netscape mail, 310–311 whois, 383–384 Netscape Navigator, 573 overview of, 326–343 netstat utility, 382 ISO/OSI model, 327–337 network network topologies, 337–340 address, 69–70, 344 SNIA shared storage model, 340–343 authentication, 318–320, 371–373 remote user mail, 386–387 backup of, 507 TCP/IP, 343–350 communications, 561–565, 562 adding networks, 346–348 connections, Apache and, 592 addressing, 344–346 installation of, 66 hosts and routers and, 349–350 printer, adding to, 396 User Datagram Protocol, 348–349 printer, finding on, 406–407 Network Solutions, 565, 566 problems, troubleshooting, 823–824 network topologies, 337–340 protocol, 284–285 networked printers, 413–417 Network Access layer. See Data Link layer, OSI networking and the Internet, 560–600 network-attached storage (NAS) devices, 496–497 Apache, 587–600 Network Cache, Solaris, 327 configuration of, 590–600 Network Connectivity dialog box, 75, 75 in general, 587–590 Network File System (NFS) browsers, 573–579, 574 access control lists and, 295 Netscape, 575–579, 576, 579 automatic file system mount, 367–368 e-mail and, 579–585, 580 commands of, 369 pine newsreader, 548–585 file system hierarchy and, 36 pine, using for, 581–584 file system structure and, 124 information sharing, 585–587 in general, 362–363 Internet and World Wide Web, 567–573 mounting remote file systems in, 365–367 Common Gateway Interface and, 571–573 OSI Application layer and, 330 HTTP and, 568–570 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 846

846 NETWORKING AND THE INTERNET • OPERATORS

internetworking, 560–567 broadcast networks, 333–334 domain name service and Internet, 565–566 Fiber Distributed Data Interface and, 335 host addresses, 566–567 Frame Relay and, 336–337 network communications, 561–565, 562 Point-to-Point networks and, 335–336 newfs command, 168–169 Token Ring network and, 334–335 newgrp command, 456 Transport layer of, 331 newsgroups, 18–21, 584–587 OpenBoot Prompt (OBP), 806–816 newsreader, pine as a, 584–585 OpenLook Desktop, 280–283, 281 NFS. See Network File System (NFS) OpenLook Window Manager, 225, 226 NFS daemon, 209–210 OpenOffice, 8 NIC (network interface card), 332, 347–348 OpenSSH program, 320 argument, 783 OpenWindows nice command, 615–616 customizing, 106–107 NIS (Network Information Service), 330, 356–357, exiting, 118 429, 450 File Manager window, 283 NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol), 586 front panel and, 105 noclobber variable, 776–777 introduction of, 225 noglob variable, 777 opening Command and Shell tool in, 109–110 notify variable, 777 removal of, 105 Novell, 25 startup resource files and, 152 nslookup utility, 382–383 operating environment, defined, 4 null modem cable, 93–94 operating system null string, 736 defined, 4 numeric arrays, 776 freezing, 97 numeric variables, 775, 775–776 troubleshooting, 818–822 in general, 793 hardware within, 805–806, 814–816 O patches and, 820–821 system log files for, 819 O command, 653–654 operations, basic, 92–119 OBDiag tool, 792, 811–813 dtlogin GUI, 103–107 OBP. See OpenBoot Prompt (OBP) CDE desktop, 105–106 oclock application, 271, 286 in general, 103–104 octal method, access rights and, 135 Open Windows, customize, 106–107 Offline mode, SunVTS, 814 exiting CDE, 117–118 OK prompt exiting OpenWindows, 118 freezing operating system with, 97 GUI Login screen, 102–103 hardware troubleshooting and, 806 startup, 92–101 OpenBoot Prompt and, 810–811 boot options, 95–97 shutdown commands and, 101 console port and OK prompt, 93–95 startup and, 93–95 control scripts, 98–100 Online mode, SunVTS, 814 freezing operating system, 97 “open architecture”, of Solaris, 5 init process, 101 Open Group, 25, 283 kill scripts, 100 open ( ) system call, 826 run levels, 97–98 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking shutdown commands, 101 model, 327–337 terminal and console windows, 107–117 Application layer of, 330–331 command-line commands, 110–111 Data Link layer of, 332–333 file command, 115–117 defined, 326 find command, 111–114 network communications and, 562–565 opening command or shell tool, 109–110 Network layer of, 331–332 opening in CDE, 108–109 Physical layer of, 333–337 system information, finding, 114–115 Asynchronous Transfer Mode, 336 operators, Korn shell, 742 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 847

OPERATORS • PHYSICAL SECURITY 847

operators, symbolic, 295 shadow file and, 426–427 OPIE program, 320 SUID flag and, 133 /opt directory, 144 superuser and, 312–313 /opt partition, 68 user, 102 optical disks, 165 Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), 316 OSI. See Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network- password placeholder, 424 ing model Cluster, 821 out command, Bourne shell, 702 patchadd command, 88 output-device variable, 807 PatchDiag program, 820–821 output display, Korn shell, 746–748 patches, 87–88, 798–799, 820–821 output/input redirection, 786–787 path name output, snoop, 380–382 defined, 123 filenames and, 126–127 Korn shell and, 752 P PATH variable, 442, 685, 713 PC cards, 70–71 packages, 490–495 PC file system (PCFS), 36–37, 161–162 packet filtering, 311–312 PCMCIA card, 196 packets pcred command, 619 defined, 343, 564 PDF (Portable Document Format), 15 host addresses and, 566–567 PEM (privacy enhanced mail), 305 IP, 316–317 PerfectBACKUP+ program, 508 ping utility and, 373–375 perfmeter utility, 822 snoop utility and, 377–382 Performance Meter, 625–626, 625–626 page break, in vi editor, 654 peripherals, 140–141, 187–189. See also devices pages, memory architecture, 58–59 permanent virtual circuits (PVCs), 337, 340 PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), 316 permissions, access parameters, in vi editor, 660–662 of Calendar, 546, 546–548 parameters, shell, 679, 680–681 defined, 131–132 parent process, 28, 684 directory, 297 parent working directory (), 301, 302 file system problems and, 818 parse option, getopts, 737–738 users, operators, and numbers and, 295–296 Partition Magic, 69, 83 permissions and passwords, 292–302 partitions file permissions, 293–297, 825 disk management and, 216–219 link permissions, 297–300 disk utilization and, 172–175 symbolic links, 300–302 hard drive and, 213–215 permissions, SUID and SGID, 133–134 installation of Solaris 8 and, 66–69 Personal toolbar, Netscape, 575–576 Intel installation and, 83 pfiles command, 619 Web Start and, 80–82 pflags command, 619 passmgmt command, 445 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) encryption program, passwd command, 443–445 304–305, 310 passwd file, user database and, 422, 423, 423–426 argument, 784 password pgrep command, 622 commands for user accounts, 429, 443–445 physical device, defined, 186 encryption and, 303 Physical layer, OSI, 333–337 login security and, 320 Asynchronous Transfer Mode, 336 permissions and, 292–302 broadcast networks, 333–334 file permissions, 293–297 defined, 328, 564 link permissions, 297–300 Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 335 symbolic links and, 300–302 Frame Relay, 336–337 PROM and BIOS, 321–322 Point-to-Point networks, 335–336 root account and, 446 Token Ring network, 334–335 root password, 69, 293 physical memory, 631–632 security-passwd variable, 808 physical security, 321–322 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 848

848 PICO TEXT EDITOR • PROCESS FILE SYSTEM (PROCFS)

pico text editor, 664 Print Manager, Solaris PID. See process ID (PID) adding a printer with, 408–410 PidFile directive, 591 defined, 395 PILs (Process Interrupt Levels), 42 find command of, 407 pine newsreader, 548–585 in general, 401 pine (Program for Internet News & Email), 581–584, networked printers and, 413–417, 414 583 print server, attaching with, 415–417 ping command, 822, 823 window of, 404 ping utility, 373–375 print schedulers. See printing, Solaris print subsystem pipe print server, attaching, 415–417 command, 677 Print VTOC command, 218 defined, 130 printenv command, 95, 96 input/output redirection and, 787 Printer Settings option, Calendar, 548–549 interprocess communication and, 34 Printers subpanel, 261, 261 pkgadd command, 490, 493, 493 printing, Solaris print subsystem, 390–420 pkgrm command, 493, 494 add printers, 407–417 pkill argument, 784 in general, 407–410 pkill command, 622 local printers, 411–413 /platform directory, 144–145 networked printers, 413–417 Platinum Support, SunSpectrum, 802 printer status, 410–411 pldd command, 619 find printer on network, 406–407 pmap command, 619, 621 in general, 390 Point-to-Point networks, 335–336, 336, 339 LP print service, 390–391, 391–393, 393–395 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 565 print a file, 418–420 pointers, 166–168, 300 print filters, 405–406 POP (Post Office Protocol), 308–309, 310 print schedulers, 401–405 pop-up menus, 231–232, 248–249 in general, 401–403 popd built-in, C shell, 771, 771 printer logs, 404–405 Port directive, 594 spooling, 403 Portable CD-ROM File System (iso9660), 36 print tools, 395–401 Portable Document Format (PDF), 15 local tools, 396–397 Portable Operating System Interface for tools, 398–401 Environments (POSIX), 4–5, 35, 59–60 priocntl command, 605, 606, 616–617 ports, 192–193, 328–329, 594 privacy enhanced mail (PEM), 305 Post Office Protocol (POP), 308–309, 310 Privacy setting, Calendar, 545–548 POST (power-on self test), 569, 572, 805–806 private key encryption, 303–304, 317–318 PostScript (), 126, 399, 409 privtool utility, 309 power management, installation and, 70 probe-ide command, 809 Power Management screen, 77 probe-pci command, 809 power-on self test (POST), 569, 572, 805–806 probe-sbus command, 809 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 565 probe-SCSI command, 809 pr stat argument, 784–785 /proc directory, 145 preboot process, 72–74 proc file system. See process file system (PROCFS) Presentation layer, OSI, 328, 563 /proc folder, 163 Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption program, proc tools, 619–621, 622–624 304–305, 310 process control, C shell and, 782–786 print built-in, Korn shell, 746–747, 746–748 process execution, 29 print client process file system (PROCFS), 618–621 add network access for, 414–415 child processes and, 618 defined, 394 file system hierarchy and, 36–37 setting up a, 399–400 kernel architecture and, 28 Print Client software, SunSoft, 395, 400, 407 origin of, 37 Print dialog box, 237–238 pmap command and, 621 print filters, 405–406 proc commands, output of, 620 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 849

PROCESS FILE SYSTEM (PROCFS) • READ/ LOCKS 849

process files and directories in, 37 intranet and, 560 as virtual file system, 162 network protocol, 284–285 process ID (PID) OSI networking model and, 563–565 C shell and, 784 Remote MagTap protocol, 221–222 case structure and, 714 Router Information Protocol, 330–331 defined, 602–603 Telnet protocol, 330 kernel and, 28 Configuration Screen, 77–78, 78 truss command and, 612 proxy server, installation and, 69 Process Interrupt Levels (PILs), 42 prtconf command, 115, 190, 191 process management, 602–635 prun command, 622 in general, 602–606 PS. See PostScript (PS) kernel architecture and, 28 ps argument, 785–786 managing jobs, 627–630 ps command, 606–611, 608, 609–610, 618 at command and, 627–628 ps -ef command, 607, 608 cron command and, 628–630 ps (UCB) argument, 785 memory and, 630–635 PS1 variable, 686 physical memory, 631–632 psig command, 620, 622, 624 virtual memory, 632–635 pstack command, 620 Performance Meter, 625–626, 625–626 pstop command, 622 Process File System, 618, 618–621, 620, 621 ptime command, 622 processes, controlling, 622–624, 623, 624 ptree command, 620 processes, viewing, 606–617 public access right, Calendar, 547–548 Process Manager and, 613–615, 614 public key encryption, 303–304 process priorities and, 615–617, 617 pushd built-in, C shell, 770, 770 ps command and, 606–611, 608, 609–610 Put command, vi editor, 657 truss command and, 611–613, 612 PUT method, 569 Process Manager, 263, 613–615, 614 PVCs (permanent virtual circuits), 337, 340 processes pwait command, 620, 622 commands for, 757–759 pwck utility, 822 defined, 28 pwd (parent working directory), 301, 302 hierarchical file system and, 36–37 pwdx command, 620 interprocess communication and, 34–35 threads and, 31–32 processing options, Korn shell, 737–738 Q processor, 31–32, 70 query, nslookup utility and, 382–383 processor resets trap, 43 question mark (?) special character, 739 PROCFS. See process file system (PROCFS) queue, job, 628 proc.h file, 603, 604 quotation marks, shell and, 679–680, 766 .profile file, 719 profiles, role databases and, 468–474 program directories, 40 R program folder, Application Manager, 260 programmable read-only memory (PROM). See OK radio buttons, 238 prompt Radius, 316 prompt variable, 772 RAID (redundant array of independent disks), 213 Properties dialog box, 137 RAM, 162–163, 631 protocol. See also Transmission Control Protocol/ RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), 376 Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) raw device, 185 BOOTSTRAP, 361 raw input, 745 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol RBAC databases. See role databases (CHAP), 316 RDISC (Router Discovery Protocol), 330–331 defined, 343, 564 read access, 131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), read built-in, Korn shell, 743, 745 360–369 read/write locks, 47 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 850

850 README FILES • SCHEDULERS

README files, 805, 827 Rock-Ridge extensions, 36–37 Real- (RT) class, 32–33 rogue daemon, 67 realms, defined, 318 role databases, 468–474 reboot, 188–189 /etc/security/auth_attr, 470–471 recursive construct, defined, 724 /etc/security/exec_attr, 473–474 redirection, defined, 311 /etc/security/prof_attr, 471–472 registration, User Registration package, 105 /etc/user_attr, 468–470 regular file, defined, 128 roles relative path name, defined, 126–127 administering, 468 remote access, security of, 315–320 creating, 474–476, 476 encrypted authentication clients, 317–318 rights for, 478 in general, 315–317 root account, 428, 445–449 Kerberos and, 318–320 root directory remote file systems of Apache Web server, 595–596 file transfer utilities and, 384 file system structure and, 122–124 finger utility and, 370–371 in Solaris 8, 138–140, 139 mounting, 365–367 root domain, 351 snoop utility and, 380 root files, sharing, 364 unmounting, 368–369 root login, 313–314 remote login utilities, 371–373 / (root) partition, 68, 69 Remote MagTap protocol, 221–222 root password, 69, 293 remote user mail, 386–387 round-robin schedule, 605 removable media, mounting, 195–196 Router Discovery Protocol (RDISC), 330–331 repeater, defined, 339 Router Information Protocol (RIP), 330–331 Replace command, 647 routers replace, in vi editor, 657–659 to connect networks, 349 Reply to All window, Mailer, 520 defined, 343–344 requests, 404, 405, 568–570, 592–599 network communications and, 561–562 reserved swap space, 55 system communication and, 823 resources, for Solaris 8, 10–21 TCP/IP and, 349–350 AnswerBook2, 15–17 rsh utility, 503 man and xman pages, 10–13 RTF (Rich Text Format), 126 newsgroups, mailing lists, and FAQs, 18–21 run control script, 824–825 Sun Microsystems, 14–15 run levels, 97–98, 98 third-party Web sites, 18 runtime linker, 50 web searches, 21 rup command, 373 resources, for troubleshooting, 797–805 educational, 803–805, 804 searchable collections, 799–800 S support accounts, 801–803 SAN (Storage Area Network), 342, 497 web sites, 797–799, 798, 799 Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), 25 response codes, 570 sar command, 631–632 response, HTTP, 569–570 savehist variable, 772 restore. See backup and restore /sbin directory, 145 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), 376 schedulers Rich Text Format (RTF), 126 classes of, 32 rights, for roles, 478 job, 627–630, 676 Rights tab, 477 kernel architecture and, 28 ring topology, defined, 339 print RIP (Router Information Protocol), 330–331 in general, 401–403 RIPEM (Riordan’s Internet Privacy Enhanced Mail), 305 printer logs, 404–405 Ritchie, Dennis, 24 spooling, 403 command, 160 process priorities and, 615–616 command, 156 in Solaris, 27 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 851

SCO (SANTA CRUZ OPERATION) • SHELL ESCAPE MODE 851

SCO (Santa Cruz Operation), 25 semaphore, defined, 47 ScoreBoard directive, 591 sendmail scripts. See also shell scripts commands, 307 control, defined, 98–100 e-mail security and, 305–306 creating, in C shell, 777–787 explained, 512–513 kill, 100 mail message creation and, 516 troubleshooting, 824–828 MTA, 306–308 SCSI devices sentenv function, 748 adding a drive, 219–220 sent.mail file, 523 CD-ROMS, 197 Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), 565 installation and removal of, 187 serial ports, 192–193 LEDs and, 809 server pool, Apache, 592–593 OBP variable and, 807 server process, defined, 329 zip and jaz drives, 211 ServerAdmin directive, 594 SCSI drive, 817 ServerName directive, 594 sdtcm_admin command, 553 ServerRoot directive, 591 search servers. See also Apache Web server; network services; the Calendar, 543, 543–544 troubleshooting find command and, 111–114 advantages of Solaris and, 6–7 in vi editor, 657–659 Domain Name Service and, 350–355 View Search Advanced dialog box, Mailer, 534 encrypted authentication clients and, 317–318 search engine, 576–577 enterprise, 112 search string characters, 658, 659 home directory, sharing on, 437 searchable collections, for troubleshooting, 799–800 Hypertext Transfer Protocol and, 568–570 secret key encryption, 304, 318 physical security of, 321–322 Secure Shell (SSH), 317–318 power-cycle and, 806 secure sockets, defined, 131 Solaris, new features of, 10 SecurID, 320 X Windows, 284–286 security, 292–322 ServerType directive, 591 of documentation, 794 service access point, defined, 328–329 of e-mail, 305–311 service call, 803 encryption, 303–305 servlet, 7, 572–573 firewalls, 311–312 Session layer, OSI, 328, 563 login, 320 Session Manager, 118, 228–229 permissions and passwords, 292–302 sessionetc file, 272 file permissions, 293–297 sessionexit file, 272 link permissions, 297–300 sessions, X Windows, 286–287 symbolic links, 300–302 set built-in, C shell, 774, 776 physical, 321–322 set command, vi editor, 660 remote access, 315–320 Set Group ID (SGID) permission, 133–134, 296–297 encrypted authentication clients, 317–318 Set User ID (SUID) permission, 133–134, 296–297 in general, 315–317 Set View Options dialog box, 234–235, 235 Kerberos and, 318–320 setenv built-in, C shell, 774 role databases and, 468–474 setfacl utility, 294, 294–295 superuser and, 312–315 SGID (Set Group ID) permission, 133–134, 296–297 user access and, 102 shadow file, 422, 426–427 for viruses, 320–321 share command, 435, 436 security-passwd variable, 808 shared storage model (SNIA), 340–343, 342 segment driver, 52–53, 52–53 shell seg_vn driver, 53 defined, 602 select control structure, 724, 735–736 interpreters, 107–108 Select Installation Type screen, 86 redirection, 380 Select Type of Install screen, 79–80 spawning in vi editor, 662–663 selection, in File Manager, 248–249 Shell Escape mode, vi editor, 646 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 852

852 SHELL SCRIPTS • SOLARIS

shell scripts slices Bourne shell and, 694 assignments of, 214 debugging, 827–828 defined, 186–187 security and, 297 disk management and, 216–219 shell scripts, creating hard drive and, 213–215 in C shell, 777–787 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), 565 built-ins of, 780–782 smart cards, 315, 320 command-line shortcuts for, 778 SMTP. See Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) input/output redirection and, 786–787 snapshotting, 496 process control and, 782–786 SNIA shared storage model, 340–343, 342 rehash command and, 782 SNIA (Storage Networking Industry Association), 326 variable control structures and, 778–780 snoop utility, 377–382 commands for, separate and group, 676–679 in general, 377–380 in general, 674–675 IP header of, 379 job control and, 675–676 with option -c, 378 parameters and variables for, 679–686, 680–681 parameters for, 382 Shell tool, 108, 110 snoop output, capturing, 380–382 shell variable, 685, 772 socket file, defined, 130–131 shells, 672–691. See also Bourne shell; C shell; Korn sockets, 185 shell; vi editor soft links. See symbolic link (SYLK) background of, 672–674 software traps, 43, 44 built-ins and, 686–689, 687–688, 690 software, troubleshooting, 793 shell scripts, creating, 674–686 Solaris commands for, separate and group, 676–679 development of, 25–27, 26 in general, 674–675 information sharing and, 585–587 job control and, 675–676 the Internet and, 562 parameters and variables for, 679–686, User Registration tool of, 438 680–681 Solaris 1.x, 189 shift built-in, 689 Solaris 2.x, 189 show-devs command, 809 Solaris 8. See also installation of Solaris 8 show-disks command, 809 Domain Name Service and, 353 show-displays command, 814 file system format of, 161–162 show-nets command, 814 introduction to, 4–9 show-post-results command, 814 advantages of, 6–9 show-sbus command, 814 Solaris and Unix, 4–6 show-tapes command, 814 new features of, 9–10, 26–27, 326–327 Show Views dialog box, 532, 532 operating system, diagram of, 45 showrev -p command, 820 resources for, 10–21 shutdown commands, 101 AnswerBook2, 15–17 signals man and xman pages, 10–13 in Bourne shell, 716 newsgroups, mailing lists, and FAQs, 18–21, descriptions, 623 586 kernel architecture and, 28, 35 Sun Microsystems, 14–15 processes, controlling with, 622–624, 623 third-party Web sites, 18 truss command and, 613 web searches, 21 signature, e-mail message, 517 shells, compatible, 673, 690 Silver Support, SunSpectrum, 803 Solaris, about, 24–60 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) hierarchical file system, 35–41 e-mail security and, 305–306 file system layout, 38–41 OSI Application layer and, 330–331 in general, 35–38 outgoing mail in, 526 I/O architecture, 41–50 slab allocator, 34 directory hierarchy, 48–49 slave server, 353–354 linking, 49–50 command, 763 Solaris kernel, 42–44 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 853

SOLARIS • SUNHELP SITE 853

synchronization and, 45–47 StartServers directive, 593 system clock, 44–45 startup, 92–101 kernel architecture, 27–35 boot options and, 95–97 in general, 27–30 console port and OK prompt and, 93–95 interprocess communication, 34–35 control scripts and, 98–100 signals, 35 freezing operating system and, 97 threads, 31–32 init process and, 101 virtual memory, 33–34 kill scripts and, 100 memory architecture, 50–59 problems, troubleshooting and, 819, 824–825 anonymous memory, 54–58 resource files for, 151–152 in general, 50–53 run levels and, 97–98 pages, 58–59 shutdown commands and, 101 POSIX, 59–60 Startup control, 276–277, 277 Unix history, 24–27 stateful protocols, defined, 331 Solaris, development of, 25–27 status codes, response, 570 Solaris desktop. See desktop, Solaris Stel program, 320 Solaris Developer Connection, 17 sticky bit (SGID flag), 134 Solaris Installation Guide, 72 Storage Area Network (SAN), 342, 497 Solaris kernel, 42–44 Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA), 326 Solaris Support controls, 264 string operators, 733, 733–734 Solstice Host Manager, 357 string variables, 774 command, 786–787 structure, 706 SPARC Style Manager, 275–277 adding a drive to, 219–220 su command, 449 disk management for, 216 subdirectories, 123 ejecting diskette on, 210 subdomains, DNS, 352 freezing operating system on, 97 Subject text box, 517 GNU gtar utility and, 491 subnet mask, 69, 345 installation of Solaris 8 on subpanels, of front panel, 257–266 preboot process, 72–74 Substitute command, vi editor, 656 procedure, 71–83 SUID (Set User ID) permission, 133–134, 296–297 system configuration, 74–78 Sun Certification training material, 803 Web Start, 78–83 Sun Educational Services web site, 803–804, 804 partitions on, 213 Sun field engineers, 802 processors, 46 Sun Freeware site, 18 security for, 321–322 Sun Managers List, 20, 587 startup and, 93 Sun Microsystems special file system (SPECFS), 164 advantages of Solaris and, 6–9 spell utility, 719–720 distributions of Solaris, 62–65 spin box, 238 explained, 4 SSH (Secure Shell), 317–318 Netscape and, 573, 574 stack, defined, 602, 768 network-attached storage devices of, 497 STAFF group, 450, 451 Network Information Service of, 356 Stallman, Richard, 720 printers and, 409–410 standard error, 786 resources of, 14–15, 797–805 standard input operation, defined, 786–787 shells and, 672–673 standard output operation, defined, 786–787 Solaris development and, 25–27 standards, of Unix, 4–5 troubleshooting and, 792, 793 star topology, defined, 339 web site of, 14, 14–15, 63–64 StarOffice installation, 85–87 Sun Press, 805 StarOffice subpanel, 257, 257 Sun Solaris AnswerBook2, 15–17, 16, 17 StarOffice suite, 8–9 Sun Ultra Enterprise (UE) 10000, 4 StarOffice Support, 800 Sun VTS (Sun Validation Test Suite), 814–815 StarOffice Word Processor, 668–670, 669, 670 SunHELP site, 18 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 854

854 SUNOS 4.1.2 OPERATING SYSTEM • TEMPORARY FILE SYSTEM (TMPFS)

SunOS 4.1.2 operating system, 4 security and, 312–315 SunOS 5.x, 189 shells and, 674 SunSoft Print Client software, 395, 400, 407, 419 terminal server settings and, 806 SunSolve account, 797, 800, 803 truss command and, 826 SunSolve Online system calls, 44, 611–613, 826–827 file system problems and, 818 system clock, 44–45 Help subpanel and, 264 system communication, troubleshooting, 822–828 patches and, 88, 820–821 system configuration, 74–78 as resource, 797–799 system crash, 649, 793, 795 searchable collections of, 799–800 system disk, damaged, 220 user registration and, 438 system documentation, 794 SunSpectrum program, 801, 801–803 system files, locked, 124 Sunstation 5, 807 system information, finding, 114–115 SunSunSun hardware site, 18 system log files, 819 superblocks, disk storage and, 166–168 system panic, 188, 815 superuser. See also system administrator System (SYS) class, 32 administering roles of, 468 System V IPC facilities, 35 file permissions and, 293–294 System V Release 4 (SVR4), 26 LP print service and, 397 system watchdog reset, 815 password of, 292 System_Admin window, 202–204 root account and, 445–446 security and, 312–315 support accounts, 801–803 T swap allocations, 57 tab group, defined, 243 SWAP file system (SWAPFS), 54–56, 57, 162–163 Tab Window Manager (twm), 224–225 swap partition, 68 Table Base Address (TBA), 43 swap slice, 214 tag, defined, 216 swap space utility, 387 anonymous memory and, 55, 55–57, 56 tape drives, 187, 221–222 installation of Solaris 8 and, 73–74 tape systems, backup virtual memory and, 633 backup strategies and, 498–502 switch control, 779 commands and, 504–506 switch variables, 776–777 in general, 795 switched virtual circuits (SVCs), 340 local vs. network backup and, 507 symbolic link (SYLK) reason for use of, 497–498 creating, 251 tar archives, 507–509 defined, 158 tar command, 480–483 devices and, 194–195 TCP. See Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) export of, 364 tear-off menu, defined, 109 features of, 160 technical support. See resources, for troubleshooting; file, 129–130 support accounts filename extensions and, 126 TECO (Text Editor and Corrector) program, 664 link permissions and, 298–299 telephone support, 802–803 working with, 300–302 Telnet symbolic operators, 295 GUI Login screen and, 102 symmetric encryption, 303–304 protocol, 330 synchronization, 45–47 remote access security and, 315 synchronous signals, 35 remote utility, 371–373, 372 sysdef command, 190 troubleshooting and, 797 system accounting, 175 Templates command, Mailer, 527, 527 system administrator. See also superuser temporary file system (TMPFS) backup and, 498, 795 characteristics of, 631 BigAdmin site and, 800 defined, 37 file permissions and, 293–294 directories of, 40–41 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 855

TEMPORARY FILE SYSTEM (TMPFS) • UFS 855

Solaris and, 36 Tom’s Window Manager, 224–225 as virtual file system, 162–163 Tools subpanel, 261 term session, 95 top command, 611 terminal and console windows, 107–117 Tower of Hanoi backup rotation scheme, 501 command-line commands, 110–111 TRACE method, 569 file command, 115–117 trailers, 562, 564 find command, 111–114 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol opening command or shell tool, 109–110 (TCP/IP), 343–350 opening in CDE, 108–109 adding networks, 346–348 system information, finding, 114–115 addressing, 344–346 terminal, serial ports and, 192–193 administration of, 357–358 terminal server, defined, 95 hosts and routers and, 349–350 terminal type, setting in vi editor, 662 protocol stack, 328, 329 terminal window User Datagram Protocol, 348–349 Calendar and, 535 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 331, 379–380 opening in CDE, 108–109 Transport layer, OSI, 328, 331, 563–564 in vi editor, 642, 643 trap built-in, 694, 716–717, 750 Window menu and, 239–240 trap handler, 44 in X Windows, 287 traps, 43–44, 58 terminfo database, 409 Trash subpanel, 265 test built-in, Bourne shell, 695, 696–697, 700, tree topology, defined, 339 700–701 Trojan horse program, 314 test command, 814 troubleshooting, 792–829 test options, Korn shell, 731–732, 732 diagnostic commands for, 821–822 test utility options, 700 file system problems, 816–818 text box, 238 hardware, 805–816 text editors, 663–670. See also vi editor in general, 805–806 emacs editor, 664, 754–755 OpenBoot prompt and, 806–813 StarOffice Word Processor, 668–670, 669, 670 within operating system, 814–816 Text Editor, CDE, 640, 665, 665–668, 666, 667 operating system problems, 818–822 Unix editors, 664 patches and, 820–821 text file, 487, 521 system log files for, 819 third-party Web sites, 18 planning ahead, 793–795 Thompson, Ken, 24 backups and, 794–795 threads documentation and, 794 kernel architecture and, 28, 31–32 psychology of, 796–797 processes and, 31 resources for, 797–805 Solaris development and, 26 educational, 803–805, 804 Solaris kernel and, 42 searchable collections, 799–800 tickets, Kerberos, 318–319, 319 support accounts, 801–803 TIFF file, 487 web sites, 797–799, 798, 799 Tilde (~) expansion, 768 system communication, 822–828 time, network addressing and, 69 applications and scripts, 824–828 Time-share (TS) scheduling class, 32 three layers of failure, the, 792–793 time variable, 772–773 truss command, 611–613, 612, 825–826 timeout, 374 type arguments, 113 Timeout directive, 592 title bar, 233–234 title character, 127 U /tmp directory, defined, 145 UDF (Universal Disk Format) file system, 161 TMPFS. See temporary file system (TMPFS) UDP. See User Datagram Protocol (UDP) To Do Editor, Calendar, 540–541 ufrestores utility, 505–506 To Do items, Calendar, 535, 540–541, 541 UFS. See Unix file system (UFS) Token Ring network, 334–335 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 856

856 UFSDUMP UTILITY • UTILITIES

ufsdump utility, 495–496, 504–506 in general, 449–451 UID number. See user identification number (UID group identification numbers and, 454–455 number) group status, changing, 456 UltraSPARC, 43–44 user accounts, working with, 428–449 command, 114 Admintool, managing with, 431–435 underscore character, 125 commands of, 428–430 unicast transmission, defined, 338 password commands of, 443–445 Uniform Resource Locator (URL) root account and, 445–449 bookmarks and, 578 user environments, creating, 435–443 browsers and, 574–575 user status, changing, 449 HTTP and, 569, 570 user database, 423–427 World Wide Web and, 567–568 passwd file, 423–426 Unisource Systems, 508 shadow file, 426–427 UniTrends Software, 507 users and groups, 422–423 Universal Disk Format (UDF) file system, 161 user database. See user accounts and groups University of California, Berkeley, 24 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) University of North Carolina Metalab site, 488, 495 explained, 348–349 Unix Network layer and, 331–332 editors, 664 OSI model and, 564–565 history of, 24–27 Transport layer and, 331 shells and, 672 USER group, 450 Solaris and, 4–6 user identification number (UID number) text editors and, 640 data types and, 426 top-level overview of, 25 defined, 424 Unix file system (UFS) role databases and, 471–474 decision to keep, 161 system, 425 diskette format of, 206–207 system process and, 603 new file systems and, 168–169 use of, 422 problems and troubleshooting, 816–818 user initialization files, 441–443 structure of, 122–124 user mode, Solaris kernel and, 42 superblocks and, 166–168 user password, 102. See also password viruses and, 320–321 User Registration package, 105 X Windows and, 285 User Registration tool, Solaris, 438 UNIX Systems Laboratories (USL), 24–25 user status, changing, 449 unmount command, 171–172, 368–369 user threads, 31–32 unset command, 715 useradd command, 428–430 unshare command, 365 userdel command, 430 until structure, 707, 707–709 usermod command, 430 URL. See Uniform Resource Locator (URL) username UseCanonicalName directive, 594 Calendar and, 556–557 Usenet, 585–586 defined, 424 user access, GUI Login screen and, 102–103 in shadow file, 427 user account, defined, 428 user account commands and, 428–430 user accounts and groups, 422–478 users AdminSuite 3, using, 456–478 partitions and, 67 access rights and, 476–478 symbolic classes of, 295 in general, 456–459 whois utility and, 383–384 network groups, managing with, 464–468 USL (UNIX Systems Laboratories), 24–25 network users, managing with, 459 /usr directory, 40, 145–148, 146 role databases and, 468–474 /usr/dt/config directory, 228 roles, creating, 474–476 /usr file system, 169 user account, adding, 460–464 /usr partition, 68 group accounts, working with, 449–456 utilities. See also file utilities Admintool, managing with, 452–454 backup, 502–504 commands for, 451–452 in Bourne shell, 695, 719–720 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 857

UTILITIES • WEB-BASED TRAINING 857

of DHCP, 362 searching and replacing, 657–659, 658 diagnostic, 822 spawning a shell, 662–663 e-mail, 581–585 terminal window, 642, 643 of Korn shell, 737–738 Korn shell and, 751–752, 753–754 for linking, 302 navigating in, 650–652, 650–653 utilities, network, 370–384 other editors and, 663–670 arp, 375–377 StarOffice Word Processor, text and, 668–670, for file transfer, 384 669, 670 in general, 370–371 Text Editor, using, 665, 665–668, 666, 667 netstat and ifconfig, 382 Unix editors, 664 nslookup, 382–383 overview of, 641–650 ping, 373–375 in general, 641–645 remote login, 371–373 invoking vi, 647–648, 648 snoop, 377–382 vi modes and, 645–647 whois, 383–384 working with files in, 648–650, 649 video cards, AGP, 71 View Search dialog box, 533, 534 V views, in Calendar, 537–539 vim program, 664 Vacation Message Mail Options dialog box, 529, 529 Virtual File System (VFS) /var directory, 40–41, 149, 149–150, 215 disk storage and, 162–165 /var partition, 68 feature of, 27 variable control structures, 778–780 file system hierarchy and, 36 variables virtual nodes of, 168 Bourne shell, 715–720 virtual hosts, 598–600 built-ins of, 716, 716–717 virtual memory (VM) functions and, 717–720 address space, segments, and pages of, 33 in general, 715 kernel architecture and, 33–34 C shell, 771–773, 773 kmem file and, 631 Korn shell, 727–735 memory architecture and, 50–51 array, 734–735 process management and, 632–635 built-in, 730–732, 732 virtual nodes, defined, 168 in general, 727–728 virtual private network (VPN), 316–317 keyword, 729, 729–730 virtual swap space, 55, 56–57 shell variable expansion, 733–734 viruses, security and, 320–321 of OpenBoot Prompt, 807–808 visual display editor. See vi editor shell, 679–686 vmstat command, 633–634, 635 environmental, 685–686 vnode, defined, 36, 168 exporting, 683–685 vnode driver, 52–53 global, 682–683 vnode/offset pair, 58–59 local, 681–682 volcopy command, 504 special characters, 680–681 volume management, 193–194 VERITAS NetBackup program, 508–509 Volume Manager, 205 vfork ( ) system call, 603 Volume Table of Contents (VTOC), 216 VFS. See Virtual File System (VFS) VPN (virtual private network), 316–317 vfstab file, 170–171 VTOC (Volume Table of Contents), 216 vi editor, 640–670 about, 640–641 case structure and, 712–713 W editing in, 653–663 buffers, working with, 659–660 w command, 447, 447 commands for, 655–656 WAN. See wide area network (WAN) copying and pasting, 657 watchdog resets, 815 deleting and undoing, 654, 656 watchpoints, 57–58 parameters, setting, 660–662 Web-based training, Sun, 804 2816indx.qxd 9/7/01 2:22 PM Page 858

858 WEB PAGES • ZONE TRANSFERS

web pages Workspace menu, 231, 231–232, 241–242 defined, 567–568 Workspace menu, OpenLook Desktop, 280–282, HTTP and, 568–570 281, 282 system documentation on, 794 Workspace menu window, 262, 263 web searches, 21 workspace navigation keystrokes, 236 web servers, 571–573, 587–600 workspaces, of CDE desktop, 271–272 web sites. See also resources; SunSolve Online Workstation Information dialog box, 263–264, 264 for Solaris 8, 19–20 World Wide Web, 567–573 Sun Educational Services web site, 803–804, 804 Common Gateway Interface and, 571–573 third-party, 18 HTTP and, 568–570 for troubleshooting resources, 797–799, 798, 799 worm, 321 Web Start Installation Kiosk, 65–66, 78–83, 79 WORM disks (Write Once Read Many optical disks), 165 Webmin, 308 write access, 131 Welcome screen, 74 write permissions, 292 Welcome screen, StarOffice installation, 85 whence built-in, Korn shell, 750 while built-in, C shell, 778–779 X while structure, 706–707 x command, 654 command, 446–447 X Toolkit, 284 whodocommand, 718 X Window System, 283–289 whois utility, 383–384 X applications, 287–289 wide area network (WAN) X clients and servers, 284–286 defined, 337 X sessions, 286–287 explained, 339–340 xman pages and, 10–13 network communications and, 561, 562 X Windows project, 224–225 point-to-point networks and, 335 xman pages, 10–13, 11, 12 widget sets, X Toolkit, 284 x>opfile command, 777 Window Behavior option group, 276 xterm window, 286 window managers, 225–226, 242, 284. See also Com- mon Desktop Environment (CDE) Window menu, 239–240 Y Window menu button, 234 window menus, defined, 231–232 Y command, vi editor, 657 windows, of CDE desktop, 232–243 Yahoo!, 576–577 File Manager and, 233 in general, 232–238 Window menu, 239–240 Z Workspace menu, 241–242 zip drives, 211–212 windows, terminal. See also terminal and zombie process, 605 console windows zone, 352, 353 work buffer, 644–645 zone database file, 354 working directory, 151 zone transfers, 355 WorkMan program, 201, 494–495