31860 Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 151 I Monday, August 6, 1990 / Proposed Rules

ADDRESSES: Comments and materials to 70 centimeters (cm)) long~and concerning this proposal should be sent flowering stems about 2 to 8 feet (ft) (0.7 to Ernest F. Kosaka, Field Supervisor, to 2.5 meters (m)) long. The leaves are U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Ala very narrowly sword shaped, 3- to 4- Moana Boulevard, Room 6307, P.O. Box angled in cross section, about 8 to 16 50167, Honolulu, Hawaii 96850. i~iches(20 to 40 cm) long and 0.2 inches Comments and materials received will (0.5 cm) wide at the middle, nearly be available for public inspection, by covered with dense, silky, silvery gray appointment, during normal business hairs. The flowering stalk has many hours at the above address. branches, each with a flowering head of FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 3 to 11 ray flowers each about 0.4 inches Joan E. Canfield, at the above address (1 cm) long, and 50 to 200 disk flowers (808/541—2749 or FTS 551—2749). each about 0.2 inches (0.6 cm) long. The SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: white or yellow to wine red flowers bloom in August and September. The Background fruits are dry, black seeds. Argyroxiphiurn kauense was first ArgyroxiphiL’mkouense is distinguished collected above Kapapala on the south from closely related species by its DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR slope of Mauna Loaby C.N. Forbes in narrower leaves, hairs not completely 1911. That and another sterile collection covering the leaf surface, and fewer ray F,sh and Wildlife Service were identified as Argyroxiphium flowers per head (Carr 1985, 1990). 50 CFR Part 17 santhvicense var. macrocephalum Gray Argyroxiphiuin kauense grows by D.D. Keck. After the first flowering primarily in moist forest openings or R~N1018—AB42 and fruiting material were collected in bogs at about 5300 to 7600 ft (1600 to 1956, A. sandwicense var. kauense was 2320 m) elevation, although plants also Endangered and Threatened Wildlife described by J.F. Rock and MC. Neal occur on well drained substrates in and Plants; Proposed Endangered (1957), who named the plant after Kau relatively dry sites (Carr 1990; Rick Status for a Plant, Argyroxiphium District where it grows. Later that year, Warshauer, Hawaii State Office of kauense (Ka’u silversword) 0. and I. Degener (1957) elevated the Planning, in litt., 1979; J. Lockwood, pers. new variety to species rank. All comm., 1990). The substrate is ‘a’a or AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, subsequent collections and confirmed pahoehoe lava, sometimes with wet Interior. sightings are from three areas: off humus, on flat to steep and irregular ACTION: Proposed rule, Powerline Road in Upper Waiakea ground (Degener et a!. 1976, Meyrat Forest Reserve (South Hilo District) 1982). The vegetation is most typically SUMMARY: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife where a fence surrounds one-third of an dry scrub or scrub forest dominated by Service (Service) proposes to list a acre of occupied habitat, in the general Metrosideros polyrnorpha (‘ohi’a-lehua), plant, Argyroxiphium kauense (Ka’u vicinity of Ainapo Trail in both with such associates as Styphelia silversword), as an endangered species Kapapala Forest Reserve and Kahuku tumeiameiae, Coprosma ernodeoides, under the authority contained in the Ranch (Kau District) where an Dodonaecz viscosa, Geranium cuneatum. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as extremely sparse population spans a I‘accinium reticulatum, Oreobolus amended (Act). This species is known distance of approximately 15 miles, and furcatus, Gahnia sp., Deschampsia oniy from 3 small populations totaling at Ke a Pohina on Kahuku Ranch (Kau iubigena, and Carex alligata (Hawaii about 400 individuals, located on the District) where a fence provides some Iieritage Program 1989; Donald Reeser, island of Hawaii. The greatest protection to 5 acres of habitat. formerly National Park Service, in Iitt., immediate threat to the survival of this Argyroxiphium kauense is extant at at 1974; R. Warshauer, in htt., 1979). The species is predation and habitat least two of those three localities open bog site shares those associates degradation by feral animals. Feral pigs (Elizabeth Powell, University of Puerto but is dominated by sedges (Oreobolus, prevent seedling establishment, and pigs Rico, botanist, and Kaoru Sunada, Rhynchospora chinensis ssp. and moufion sheep prevent the plants retired florist, pers. comms., 1990). spiciforrnis, and Carexniontis-eeAci) from reaching maturity. The small Although the Ainapo population has not (Clarke 1982). population size with its limited gene been seen since 1986, it presumably still The greatest immediate threat to the pool compounded by a requirement for exists (William Paty, Hawaii survival ofArgyroxiphiuin kauense is cross pollination, and single flowering Department of Land and Natural damage from feral herbivores. Mouflon within the lifetime of an individual Resources in Iitt., 1990; Jack Lockwood, sheep and pigs have reduced this plant, lead to threats associated with U.S. Geological Survey, pers. comm., species’ numbers considerably over the depressed reproductive vigor. Lava 1990). The species occurs on State and past two decades (Carr1990; Clarke flows and associated wildfires also privately owned land (Carolyn Corn. 1982; E. Powell, in iitt., 1985; E. Powell. threaten this species. A determination Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Lani Stemmermann, University of that Argyroxiphium kauense is Resources, pers. comm., 1990). Due to Hawaii, Hilo and K. Sunada, pers. endangered would implement the insufficient material, the identity of an comms., 1990). Pigs prevent seedling Federal protection and recovery historic collection from Hualalai (North establishment, and pigs and mouflon provisions provided by the Act. Kona District) cannot be confirmed; it prevent the plants from reaching Comments and materials related to this could possibly be A. kauense (Carr 1985, maturity (E. Powell, in htt., 1985). As one proposal are solicited. 1990; E. Powell, in iitt., 1990; E. Powell, example of the effects of feral animals DATES: Comments from all interested pers. comm., 1990). on A. kauense, the Powerline Road parties must be received by October 5, Argyroxiphium kauense is a rosette population fell from about 1000 plants of 1990. Public hearing requests must be shrub, usually single stemmed, its all size classes in 1975 to 20 plants, all received by September 20, 1990. vegetative stems about 1 to 24 inches (3 immature, in 1984 (E. Powell, in iitt., Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 151 / Monday, August 6, 1990 / Proposed Rules 31861

~9d5) While portions of two populations petitions pending on October 13. 1982, 1985: E. Powell, in lilt., 1985: D. Reeser, hare been fenced, one fence did not be treated as ha~ing been newly ii: lilt., 1974. R. Wdrshauer, in ittI., 1979). exclude mouflon or pigs entirely (E. submitted on that date. The latter was When rooting. feral pigs knock over Po~elLin Jitt., 1985). The entire species the case for A. hauense because the and uproot plants: this activity caused is currently estimated to number about Service had accepted the 1975 the precipitous drop in the Powerline 41i :nd:viduals Lockwood, E. Powell, Smithsonian report as a petition. On 1~ (J, Road population (E. Powell. in l~tt.. and K Sunada, pers. cornms., 1990). The October 13, 1983, the Service found that 1985). The fence erected at that site for small population size with its limited the petitioned listing of this species was the Upper Vtaiakea Bog Plant Sanctuar~ gene pool, compounded by a ~arranted, but precluded by other did not enclose the entire population (C. reqcirernent for cross pollination and pending listing actions, in accordance Corn, L. Cuddihy. and L. Stemrnermann. single flower:ng within the lifetime of an with Section 4[b)(3)(B)(iii) of the Act: pers. comms.. l990~.Pigs have severely indivi.2ual plant, comprise a serious notification of this finding was disturbed the remainder of the bog, potential threat to the reproductive vigor published on January 20, 1984 (49 FR destroying all unfenced Argt’ro’ iphiuzu of th:s species, as do lava flows and 2485). Such a finding requires the Aauense plants except two new ussuciaied wiidfires [Kimura and petition to be recycled, pursuant to seedlings as of 1989 (E. Powell in l~tt., Nagata 1980; Powell 1986: Linda section 4(b)[3)(C)(i) of the Act. The 1990 E. Po~sell,pers. comm., 1990). Pig Cuddihv, National Park Service, in Iitt., finding was reviewed in October of rooting has thus destroyed former 1990: E. Powell, pers. comm., 1990). 19134, 1985, 1986, 1987. 1988, and 1989. habitat and continues to destroy Federal government action on this Publication of thepresent proposal potential hah;tat of this species. in species began as a result of Section 12 of constitutes the final 1-year finding. contrast, within the fenced Sanctuary, tt.e Act, which directed the Secretary of Summary of Factors Affecting the the population has increased from 20 to the Smithsonian Institution to prepare a Species 77 individuals in 5 years (E. Powell, in report on plants considered to be litt.. 1990). Pigs ha’~ealso uprooted endangered. threatened, or extinct. This Section 4 of the Endangered Species seedlings of A. /tauense at the Ice a report. designated as 1-louse Document Act (16 U.S.C. 1533) and regulations (50 Pohina population, and have uprooted CFR part 424) promulgated to implement No 94—51, was presented to Congress on the listing provisions of the Act set forth other native species at all three extant J~inuar~9, 1975. On July 1, 1975, the populations (E. Powell, in lilt., 1985: R. the procedures for adding species to the Warshauer, in lit!., 1979). While Ser~ice published a notice in the Federal Federal list. A species may be Register (40 FR 27823) accepting the abundant seedlings of A. I,auense have determined to be an endangered or report as a petition ~sithin the context of threatened species due to one or more of been noted at sites where pig rooting Section 4(c)(2) (no~sSection 4(b)(3)(A)) the five factors described in section has occurred, subsequent rooting up of of the Act. and giving notice of its seedlings outweighs the extent to which 4(a)(1). These factors and their intention to review the status of the application to Argvroxiphium kauense pigs temporarily provide sites for plant taxa named therein. In this and seedling establishment (E. Powell, in subsequent notices, .irivroxiphium (Rock & Neal) Degener & I. Degeoer (Ka’u silversword) are as follows: l~tt..1985. 1990; Charles Wakida, Hawaii haue~,sewas treated as under petition A. The present or threatened Department of Land and Natural for listing as endang~red.As a result of destruction, modification, or curtailment Resources. pers. comm., 1990). Rooted this review, on June 16, 1976, the Service of its habitat or range. Feral and up ground also provides sites for publ:shed a proposed rule in the Federal domesticated animals (goats, pigs, invasion by more aggressive alien plant Register (41 FR 24523) to determine sheep, and cattle) have altered and species. Alien plants are common at the ueproximately 1700 vascular plant degraded the vegetation of much of Powerline Road population and may be species to be endangered pursuant to Hawaii. including the areas where spreading in response to pig rooting, as Section 4 of theAct. In 1978. Argvroxiphium Itauense may have is the case in other Hawaiian bogs amendments to the Act required that all formerly grown, and where it still exists (where weeds often spread at the proposals over 2 years old be (Mitchell 1981; Scott et a!. 1986; Tomich expense of another Argyroxiphium withdrawn. A 1-year grace period was 1986; E. Powell, in litt. 1985). Th~former species) (Clarke 1982; Loope et ci. 1990; gisen to proposals already over 2 years range of this species may have extended Medeiros et a!. 1990: L. Cuddihy, pers. old. On December 10, 1979, the Service in a band around the south and comm., 1990). While alien plants pose a pubished a notice in the Federal southeast flanks of Mauna Loa at about potential threat, they arenot a serious Register (44 FR 70’96) of the withdrawal 6000 ft (1830 m) elevation, as well as its threat to A. Aauense at present (Karen of that portion of the June 16, 1976, northeast flank. and possibly also Asherman, formerly The Nature proposal that had not been made final, included Hualalai (E. Powell, in litt.. Conservancy, Hawaii. in litt., 1985, L. along with four other proposals that had 1985, 1990; E. Powell, pers, comm., 1990). Cuddihy and E. Powell, pers. comm., expired. During the 1930’s the territorial 1990). The Service published an updated government built “the Kau fence” on B. Overutilization for commercial, Notice of Review for plants on Mauna Loa’s southeast flank to keep recreational, scientific, or educational December 15, 1980 (45 FR 82480), feral goats of the lava uplands from purposes. The species is of some September 27, 1985 (50 FR 39525), and invading the lower forests. Thus these horticultural and ornamental interest February 21, 1990 (55 FR 6183), including animals may well have reduced the (now growing at Kew Gardens), and in Argyroxiphium kauense as a Category 1 range of A. kauense (Tomich 1986). the past seed was collected for candidate, meaning that the Service had Whereas specific documentation that propagation (Degener at ci. 1976). substantial information indicating that a feral animals reduced the former range However, such activity is not minimal. proposal for listing is warranted. Section of this species is lacking, there is Taking and vandalism are potential 4(b)(3)(B) of Act requires the Secretary specific recent documentation of feral threats that could result from increased to make findings on certain pending mouflon sheep, pigs, and goats specific publicity. petitions within 12 months of their damaging and consuming A. kauense. C. Disease or predation. As noted in receipt. Section 2(b)(1) of the 1982 and mechanically disturbing the factor A, feral mouflon sheep, pigs, and amendments further requires all adjacent ground (Clarke 1982; Stone goats are known to feed on 31862 Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 151 / Monday, August 6, 1990 / Proposed Rules

Ai~’yroxiphiumkauense (Clarke 1982; E. comms., 1990). Cattle grazing may pars. comms., 1990). The limited gene Powell, in Iitt., 1985; D. Reeser, in Iitt.. possibly threaten the Ainapo population pool may further depress reproductive 1974; Gerald Carr, University of Hawaii, (E. Powell, pers. comm., 1990). Despite vigor, or a sngle man caused or natural Botany Department, and K. Sunada, claims that alien insects threaten this environmental disturbance could easily pers. comm.. 1990). Grazing by mouflon species, only native pollinators and destroy a significant percentage of the either kills plants or causes them to other native insects have been known extant individuals. Two aspects resprout with multiple stems and greatly confirmed as damaging seed, and only of the reproductive system of reduced vigor (E. Powell, in Iitt., 1985). to aminor extent (Degener et ci. 1976; Argyroxi’phium kauense further The Ke a Pohina population ofA. Kimura and Nagata 1980; E. Powell, exacembate this problem: individual kauense declined markedly as a result pers. comm., 1990). Most of the seed plants flower only once and then die, of the activities of a herd of an collections examined by Powell (in Eti., and flowers must be cross pollinated estimated 200 mouflon (K. Asherman, in 1990) had negligible seed parasitism. from a different plant (Power 1986; E. iitt., 1985). In 1974, the year moufion Tephritis sp. larvae primarily consume Power, in lift., 1990). Thus if only a few were released, this population numbered inviable seed, so that even the few plants flower at the same time, or if thousands of plants, including 250 collections with appreciable seed flowering plants are too widely mature, flowering individuals with parasitism did not affect the seed set separated for pollination by insects, no rosettes up to 3 ft (1 m) in diameter negatively (E. Powell, in litt., 1990). No seed will be set.tm The survival of small. (Degener et ci. 1976; K. Acherman, in significant threats to A. kazisense from isolated popu atinns with already lift., 1985; L. Stemmermann, pers. comm.. disease are currentl3 known, depressesd reproductive vigor is 1990). Two years later, only 2071 plants D. The inadequacy of existing therefore threatened. Lava flows and the with a diameter over3 inches (8 m) were regulatory mechanisms. One population wildfires they ignite are another serious counted at this population (Charles ofAigyroxiphiom kauense and an potential threat to all populations of A. Lamouroax, University of Hawaii, extension of another are located un kauense (Degener at 0!. 1976; Kimura Botany Department, pars. comm.. 1990). private land. The remaining populations and Nagata 1980; L. Cuddihy, in litt., Eight years later, there were about 2000 are in State forest reserves or plant 1990; E. Powell, pers. comm., 1990). The plants, but only I was in flower and less sanctuaries. State regulations prohibit only large population is located within a than 5%of the plants were larger than 10 the removal, destruction, or damage of half mile of a 1950 flow from the active inches (25 cm) in diameter (E. Powell, in plants found on State lands. However, southwest rift of Mauna Loa. In 1984 a lIft.. 1985, 1990). The population has these regulations are difficult to enforce lava flow approached the Powerline continued to decline, and now number due to limited personnel. Hawaii’s Road population, where fire is also a fewer than 300 individuals (K. Sunada, endangered species act (HRS, Sect. potential threat to A. kauense in dry pers. comm., 1990). Almost all larger 195D—4(a) states that “Any species of years (E. Powell, in litt., 1990; L. (mature) plants were dead and grazing wildlife or plant that has been Stemmermann, pars. comm., 1990). damage was evident on plants as small determined to be an endangered species The Service has carefully assessed the as 2 inches (5 cm)in di3meter, even pursuant to theEndangered Species Act best scientificand commercial within the fence erected by Kahuhu (of 1973) shall be deemed to be an information available regarding the past, Ranch to protect this species fE. Powell, endangered species under the provisions present, and future threats faced by this in litt., 1985, 1990). Mouflon had eaten of this chapter * * *“ Further, the State species in determining to propose this the growing tips of nearly all large may enter into agreements with Federal rule. Based on this evaluation, the individuals, giving this population little agencies to administer and manage any preferred action is to list Argyroxiphium promise ofregeneratioa (G. Carr and L. area required for the conservation, Aauense as endangered. The low Stemmermann, pers. comms.. 1990). management, enhancement, or remaining number of individuals, poor Argyroxiphium kauense and protection of endangered species (Sect. species reproductive potential, and Machaerina were the only species 195D—5(c)). Funds for these activities vulnerability to destruction by feral showing signs of browse damage (E. could be made available under section 6 animals and lava flows indicate that the Powell, in lift., 1990). Moufion may of the Act (State Cooperative species is in danger of extinction possibly threaten the Ainapo population Agreements) if the species were listed throughout all or a significant portion of as well. as threatened or endangered. Listing of its range, and therefore fits the Act’s Grazing damage by pigs on the leaves A. kauense will therefore reinforce and definition of endangered. and stems of Argyroxiphium kauense, supplement the protection available to and grazing damage or. leaves that had this species under State law. The Act Critical Habitat regrown following grazing are will also offer additional protection to Section 4(a)(3) of the Act, as amended, documented for the Powerline Road the species, in that it is now a violation requires that to the maximum extent population (Clarke 1982). Predation by of the Act if any person knowingly prudent and determinable, the Secretary pigs is a potential threat to all violates certain State laws or propose critical habitat at the time the populations of this species. While regulations applicable to the species. species is proposed to be listed as Kahuka Ranch and the State have Listing under the Act will augment State endcngered or threatened. The Service fenced the greater part of the two largest and private conservation measures for finds that designation of critical habitat populations of this species, the widely this species by providing for habitat is not presently prudent for this species. scattered Ainapo population is not protection through recovery planning. Such a determination would result in no protected from feral animals by fencing. E. Other natural or manmadefactors known benefit to Argyroxiphium Heavy browsing damage by feral goats affecting its continued existence. The kauense. Parts of two ofthe three extant to the apex and lateral leaves of A. small size of the three extant populations are on State land; State Aauense was documented in 1974 at the populations (most recently estimated at governmentagencies can be alerted to Ainapo population (D. Reeser, in lift., under 300, 79, and “a few dozen” the presence of the plant without the 1974). Goats are a potential threat to the individuals) makes the species more publication of critical habitat other populations of A. kauense (L. vulnerable to certain threats (J. description and maps. The publication Cuddihy, E. Powell, C. Wakida, pers. Lockwood, E. Powell, and K. Sunada, of such descriptions and maps would Federal Register / Vol. 55, No. 151 I Monday, August 6, 1990 I Proposed Rules 31863 potentially increase the degree of known or anticipated that would affect habitat as provided by Section 4 of the threats from taking or vandalism this species, as all known sites are on Act: because live specimens of A. kauense State or privatey owned land. (3) Additional information concerning would be of interest to curiosity seekers The Act and its implementing the range, distribution, and population or collectors of rare plants. Publication regulations found at 50 CFR 17.61, 17.62, size of this species; and of critical habitat descriptions and maps and 17.63 for endangered plant species (4) Current of planned activities in the would make A. kauense more set forth a series of general trade subject area and their possible impacts vulnerable to collection and increase prohibitions and exceptions that apply on the species. enforcement problems. All involved to all endangered plants. With respect to Any final decision on this proposal to parties and landowners have been Argyroxiphiuin kauense, all trade list Argyroxiphium kavense will take notified of the location and importance prohibitions of section 9(a)(2) of the Act, into consideration the comments and of protecting this species’ habitat. implemented by 50 CFR 17.61, would any additional information received by Protection of the species’ habitat will be apply. These prohibitions, in part, would the Service, and such communications addressed through the recovery process. make it illegal for any person subject to may lead to a final regulation that the jurisdiction of the United States to Therefore, it would now be prudent to differs from this proposal. determine critical habitat for import or export, transport in interstate Argvroxiphium kauense. or foreign commerce in the course of a The Endangered Species Act provides commercial activity, sell or offer for sale for a public hearing on this proposal, if Available Conservation Measures this species in interstate or foreign requested. Requests must be received Conservation measures provide to commerce, or to remove and reduce to within 45 days of the date of publication species listed as endangered or possession the species from areas under of the proposal. Such requests must be threatened under the Endangered Federal jurisdiction. In addition, the Act made in writing and addressed to the Species Act include recognition, would prohibit the malicious damage or Field Supervisor (see ADDRESSES recovery actions, requirements for destruction of the species on any area section). Federal protection, and prohibitions under Federal jurisdiction, or the National Environmental Policy Act against certain practices. Recognition removal, cutting, digging up, damaging through listing encourages and results in or destroying of the plant on any other The Fish and Wildlife Service has conservation actions by Federal, State, area in knowing violation of any State determined that an Environmental arid private agencies, groups, and law or regulation or in the course of any Assessment, as defined under the individuals. The Endangered Species violation of a State criminal trespass authority of the National Environmental Act provides for possible land law. Certain exceptions apply to agents Policy Act of 1969, need not be prepared acquisition and cooperation with the of the Service and State conservation in connection with regulations adopted State and requires that recovery actions agencies. The Act and 50 CFR 17.62 and pursuant to section 4(a) of the be carried out for all listed species. 17.63 also provide for the issuance of Endangered Species Act of 1973, as SinceArgyroxiphium kauense is known permits to carry out otherwise amended. A notice outlining the to occur on State land, cooperation prohibited activities involving Service’s reasons for this determination between Federal and State agencies is endangered plant species under certain was published in the Federal Register on necessary to provide for its circumstances. It is anticipated that few October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244). conservation. The protection required on trade permits would ever be sought or References Cited Federal agencies and the prohibitions issued because the species in against certain activities involving listed uncommon in cultivation and is very Carr, G.D. 1985. Monograph of the plants are discussed, in part, below. rare in the wild, Hawaiian Madiinae (Asteraceae): Section 7(a) of the Act, as amended, Requests for copies of the regulations Argyrnxiphiurn, Dubautia. and Wi/kesia. requires Federal agencies to evaluate on plants and inquiries regarding them Allertonia 4:1—123. their actions with respect to any species Carr. GD. 1990. Argyroxiphium.’ in Wagner, may be addressed to the Office of W.L., DR. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, Manual that is proposed or listed as endangered Management Authority, U.S. Fish and of th~flowering plants ul Huwai’i. University or threatened and with respect to its Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3507, of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, critical habitat, if any is being Arlington, Virginia 22203—3507 (703/358-. Honolulu, pp. 258—26. designated. Regulations implementing 2104 or FTS 921—2232). Clarke, C. 1982. Memo to State Botanist on this interagency cooperation provision UpperWaiakea silversword bog. dated of the Act are codified at 50 CFR part Public Comments Solicited March 19, 1982, State of Hawaii, Dept. of 402. Section 7(a)(4) requires Federal The Service intends that any final Land and Natural Resources. Div. ofForestry agencies to confer informally with the action resulting from this proposal will and Wildlife. Hilo. 18 unnum. pp. Service on any action is likely to be as accurate and as effective as Degener, 0. and I. Degener. 1957. Flora Hawaiiensis, family 344. Argyroxiphium. jeopardize the continued existence of a possible. Therefore, comments or Pub!. priv. 2 pp. proposed species or result in destruction suggestions from the public, other Degener. 0.. 1. Degener. K. Sunada, and or adverse modification or proposed concerned governmental agencies, the Mrs. K. Sunada. 1976. Argyroxiphiurn critical habitat. if a species is listed scientific community, industry, or any kauense, the Kau silversword. Phytologia subsequently, section 7(a)(2) requires other interested party concerning this 33:173—177. Federal agencies to ensure that proposed rule are hereby solicited. Hawaii Heritage Program. 1989. Element activities they authorize, fund, or carry Comments particularly are sought Occurance Record for Argyroxiphium out are not likely to jeopardize the concerning: kcuense, PDAST OP 040.IXJ2, dated March 4, continued existence of such a speciesor (I) Biological, commercial trade, or 1989, Honolulu, Unpubl. 2 pp. to destroy or adversely modify its Kimura. BY. and K.M. Nagata. 1980. other relevant data concerning any treat Hawaii’s vanishing flora. Oriental Publ. Co., critical habitat. Ifa Federal action may (or lack thereof) to this species; Honolulu. 88pp. affect a list species or its critical habitat, (2) The location of any additional Loope, LL., A.C. Medeiros. and B.H. the responsible Federal agency must populations of this species and the Gagne. 1990. Recovery of vegetation of a enter into formal consultation with the reasons why any habitat should or montane bog in Haleakala NationalPark Service. NoFederal involvement is should not be determined to be critical following protection from feral pig rooting. 31864 Federal Register I Vol. 55, No. 151 / Monday, August 6, 1990 / Proposed Rules

Coop. Nail. Park Resources Stud. Unit, Univ. communities of the Hawaiian Islands: their Proposed Regulation Promulgation Hawaii, Honolulu, Techn.Rep. In review. dynamics, ecology, and conservation. Stud. Medeiros, A.C., LL Loope, and B.H. Gagne. Avian Biol. 9:1—431. PART 17—{AMENDEO] 1990. Degradation of vegetation in two Stone, C.P. 1985. Alien animals in Hawai’is montane bogs of Haleakala National Park: native ecosystems: toward controlling the Accordingly, it is hereby proposed to 1982—1988. Coop. Natl. Park Resources Stud. adverse effectsof introduced vertebrates: in amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter Unit, Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, Techn. Rep. In Stone, C.P. and J.M. Scott (eds.), Hawai’i’s I, title 50 of the Code ofFederal review. terrestrial ecosystems: preservation and Regulations, as set forth below: Meyrat, A.K. 1982. A morphornetric management. Coop. Nail. Park Resources analysis and taxonomic appraisal of the Stud. Unit, Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 251— 1. The authority citation for part 17 Hawaiian silverswordArgyroxiphium 297. continues to read as follows: sandwicense DC. (Asteraceae). Coop. Natl. Tomich, P.O. 1986. Mammals in Hawaii. Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407; 16 U.S.C. Park Resources Stud, Unit, Univ. Hawaii, 2nd ed. Bishop Museum Special Pub!. 78. 1531—1543; 16 U.S.C. 4201—4245; Pub. L 99~. Honolulu, Techn. Rep. 46:1—58. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 375 pp. 625. 100 Stat. 3500: unless otherwise noted. Mitchell, F. 1981. Mouflon sheep and kau silversword. Notes WaimeaArbor. & Bot. Author 2. It is proposed to amend § 17.12(h) Card. 8(1):6.-7. The primaryauthor of this proposed by adding the following, in alphabetical Powell, E. 1986. Breeding b.ology and rule is Dr. Joan E. Canfield, Pacific order under the family Asteraceae to the conservat~onof silverswords (Abat.). Proc. Islands Office, see ADDRESSES 8ection. List of Endangered and Threatened 6th Conf. Nat. Sd., Hawaii Volcanoes Nat!. Plants: Park. p. 65. List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 Rock. J.F. and M.C. Neal. 1957. A new Endangered and threatened species, § 17.12. Endangered and threatened variety of silversword. Occas. Pap. Bernice P. plants. Bishop Mus. 22(4):31—33. Exports. Imports, Reporting and record- Scott, (.M., S. Mountainspring, F.L Ramsey, keeping requirements, and and C.B. Kepler. 1986. Forest bii’d Transportation. (h) * * *

Species Hrit~c~ Stabs When haled S$)IC*5l Scientific rues

Astecaceae—Astar famsI~ • •

Argyroxiphivm kauense Ka’usllversword U.S.A. (HI) .. E .• NA NA

Dated: July 17, 1990. lames C. Leupold, ActingDirector, Fish and Wildlife Service. [FR Doc. 90—18233 Filed 8-3—90; 8:45 am] BlUiNG CODE 4310-55-M