March-April 2020 Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage Volume 40, Issue 2 PAID Permit #115 Albany, OR

Extending Knowledge and Changing Lives in Linn and Benton Counties Hemp Finding a Home in Oregon

By Mitch Lies, taken to the crop in a way rarely Photo Courtesy Iverson Fam i ly Farms The crop grows fast, out Growing Editor seen in the boom and bust cycles competes weeds and has few pest of agriculture. problems, Iverson said. Bringing In 2015, one year after the Hemp, grown extensively the crop to harvest, however, U.S. Farm Bill allowed states in Oregon in the late 1800s and is only one step in the process, to institute pilot programs early 1900s (primarily for its fiber noted Iverson’s sister, Barb for growing hemp, 13 Oregon and forage), has a formidable Iverson. growers produced the crop history in the state. According “You’ve got to have a place to on 105 acres. By 2018, Oregon to Jay Noller, who is heading go with it after production,” she production had grown to 11,514 Oregon State University’s Global said. acres. Hemp Innovation Institute, in This past year, many growers As substantial as that three- the late 1880s, OSU housed the struggled to find warehouse year growth appears, it pales in leading hemp research institute space to dry the crop. And, with comparison to what happened in the U.S. With the emergence a glut of hemp hitting the market next. of grass seed and other crops, this past fall, selling the crop has Last year, after the 2018 hemp gradually disappeared from proven difficult. Many growers Farm Bill legalized hemp on Oregon’s landscape and after are sitting on large supplies of the federal level, 1,900 growers the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 hemp waiting for markets to were producing hemp on nearly criminalized marijuana, hemp open up, according to several 64,000 acres in Oregon. When essentially dropped off the map. sources. the 2019 crop figures come Hemp’s resurgence in Still, with shuttered hop out, many expect hemp to top Oregon dates to 2009 when the dryers and seed warehouses converting to hemp drying $1 billion in farmgate value, state Legislature legalized its facilities; with companies like making it the number one crop in production on a statewide level. Oregon farmer Ken Iverson, who was featured in a panel Oregon CBD of Monmouth Oregon. Noller, who has a Ph.D. in soil discussion on hemp at the Oregon Ryegrass Growers Association’s investing heavily in hemp, “You can’t make this stuff up. science, was among the first to annual meeting in Albany in January, said U.S. hemp production far including donating $1 million I don’t know what is going to grasp just what the crop could exceeds the current market demand. to OSU for hemp research; and happen next year,” said Sunny mean for Oregon agriculture. with experienced agriculturists, Summers, the cannabis policy In his research, which dates including private breeders In January of last year, Noller techniques to help growers coordinator with the Oregon to 2015, Noller found that hemp and agronomists, launching announced that he was leaving produce hemp in an economically Department of Agriculture, production flourished in Serbia, businesses supporting hemp his position as head of OSU’s which regulates hemp production which, like Oregon, is located on and environmentally friendly production, it appears that hemp, Department of Crop and Soil in Oregon. “I’m not even the 45th parallel, and has similar fashion. in some form or another, is here Science to lead the then soon- guessing anymore.” climate to Oregon. After crossing In the meantime, growers to stay. With its amenable climate, the Atlantic Ocean several times to-be-formed Global Hemp have largely learned on the go. “I see this, like grass seed, as good soils and experienced to study its production there, he Innovation Institute – an institute And, much as Noller suspected, a major crop for Oregon,” Noller farmers, Oregon has become one came to believe the crop could launched last June that includes they are finding the crop highly said. “We are in a new era, and of the top hemp-producing states thrive here, offering farmers scientists of multiple disciplines adaptable to Oregon’s climate. hemp is at the center of it.” in the United States. Chasing an alternative crop with a high looking into different aspects of Producing hemp in Oregon, In Oregon, hemp production returns upwards of $50,000 an upside. producing hemp. according to Ken Iverson, who is all about the oil that is acre – two, three and four times “What excites me about The institute is conducting grows hemp near Woodburn, is extracted from the plant and sold more than the highest-value this crop is its potential to typical crop production research, a lot like producing other crops as a treatment for everything crops produced in Oregon, most create better opportunities for Noller said, such as analyzing that thrive here, only easier. from pain, inflammation and of which are contracted on small livelihood for Oregonians,” planting timing, planting depth, “It makes everybody look like acreages – Oregon growers have Noller said. pest-control options and harvest a good farmer,” Iverson said. Continued on Page 10 See upcoming events on the calendar, page 20. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linnInside: March-April 2020 — 1 Who We Are Thirty Years In, and Still Enjoying Extension

The Oregon State University Extension offices in Linn County and Benton Photo by Mic hele Webster County offer practical, lifelong learning experiences. We sponsor conferences, By Mitch Lies, in the office.” workshops, demonstrations, tours, and short courses. We recruit, train and Growing Editor One constant in her duties manage volunteers who assist us with community outreach and education. Our Extension faculty and volunteers answer questions and give advice for the past 25 years has been by phone, in person, through e-mail, and on our Websites. We provide Things are far more automated working on Linn County Extension brochures and flyers with specific information on a variety of subjects. We newsletters. For many years, are funded by a cooperative partnership between Oregon State University, than when she started at Oregon the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and our local counties. State University 30 years ago. the county put out the monthly There are fewer paper copies and publication Update. In 2016, the Office locations and hours mailings and much more social Linn and Benton County Extension The Benton County office is located at 4077 SW Research Way in Corvallis. media and email correspondence. offices joined forces to publish the Office hours are 8 a.m. until 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. Telephone: 541- 766-6750. Fax: 541-766-3549. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton. But some things, said Laurie bimonthly publication Growing. The publication helps inform The Linn County office is located at 33630 McFarland Rd (on the corner of Gibson, who celebrates 30 years Old Highway 34 and McFarland Road), in Tangent. Office hours are from with Oregon State University in residents of the services provided 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. Phone 541-967-3871. Seed March, including 25 with the Linn by Extension and delivers useful Certification phone 541-967-3810. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn. County Extension Service, haven’t information to help improve lives. changed. But, while her responsibilities Program Staff Phone Numbers “There has always been a lot of in night meetings, get the service with the publication has largely Linn County 4-H Youth Development Andrea Leao 541-730-3534 Linn County 4-H Youth Development Paul Smith 541-730-3469 variety in this job,” Gibson said. award plaque and in general help stayed the same over the years – Benton County 4-H Youth Development Gibson, who started with organize the annual meeting,” she solicits stories from Extension and Benton County Leader Carolyn Ashton 541-713-5000 Gibson said. “And I enjoy it very personnel, gathers the stories, Benton County 4-H Youth Development Elli Korthuis 541-713-5000 OSU on March 1 of 1990 as an Benton County 4-H Natural Science Maggie Livesay 541-713-5000 office assistant in the College of much. I enjoy working with the proofs them and does other prep Field Crops* Vacant Liberal Arts Dean’s Office, joined growers and fieldmen.” work – the way she goes about her Livestock & Forages* Shelby Filley 541-672-4461 One task she has done less of in Dairy* Jenifer Cruickshank 971-600-1222 Linn County Extension in 1995 duties has changed considerably. Small Farms* Melissa Fery 541-730-3538 as an office specialist. Her main recent years is seed-certification “Today it is more automated Small Farms* Amy Garrett* 541-713-5000 duties back then were to serve support. In the past, she did all the and simpler than when I started,” Small Farms* Teagan Moran 541-713-5000 Tree Fruit and Small Fruit Erica Chernoh 541-344-1709 as support staff for the county seedling applications and field- Gibson said. “It is nothing like it Small Farms & Groundwater Education* Chrissy Lucas 541-713-5009 Master Gardener Program and for crop sign ups, helped print tags used to be where we had to type in Community Horticulture* Brooke Edmunds 541-730-3470 when samplers got too busy and Community Horticulture* Elizabeth Records 541-730-3471 long-time Linn County field crops people’s articles that were written Forestry, Natural Resources* Brad Withrow-Robinson 541-967-3871 Extension agent Mark Mellbye, even went and sampled seed a few in pencil on a legal pad. But there Forestry and 4-H Youth Jody Einerson 541-713-5000 who retired in 2008. times. are still several steps that go into Family & Community Health (FCH)* Jeanne Brandt 541-730-3544 FCH & SNAP Ed* Tina Dodge Vera 541-730-3541 Since Mellbye’s retirement, the Today, she said, much of the making it happen every two SNAP Ed* Vacant 541-713-5000 Linn County field crops Extension sign-ups and other forms are months.” SNAP Ed* Vacant position has been filled for less completed online by growers, and With 30 years into her job, EFNEP & LatinX* Diana Camacho Figueroa 541-730-3542 * Multi-county assignment than five of the subsequent 12 seed samplers handle their own tag Gibson is eligible to retire with years, and Gibson’s duties have printing. full benefits at any time. But that changed. For one thing, she has “I can still print tags in a apparently isn’t in the mix right Administration and program support serving Linn County Office specialist Laurie Gibson 541-248-1088 found herself immersed in helping pinch,” she said. “If a company now. Office specialist JoLynn O’Hearn 541-967-3871 put on the Oregon Ryegrass contacts us with an emergency, “I have no plans for retirement Office manager & Linn County Leader Michele Webster 541-248-1087 Growers Association’s annual saying, ‘I have to have tags right at this point,” Gibson said. “There Seed certification Tom Manning 541-967-3810 Seed Certification Emily Guzman 541-967-3810 meeting, something Mellbye did now,’ I can do that. But at this is so much variety in this job that it before her. point, I primarily take care of kind of keeps you sticking around “That is big part of my winter whatever behind-the-scenes seed to see what is going to happen Administration and program support serving Benton County Office specialist Kelly Cotter 541-713-5000 months now, where I take notes certification paperwork we still do next.” Office manager Liz McGovern 541-713-5000 Office specialist Andrea Watson 541-713-5000

Regional Director Richard Riggs 541-967-3871 GROWING editor Mitch Lies 541-967-3871 Welcome Diana Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities and materials without discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, Welcome to Diana Camacho- including Family and Community disability, disabled veteran or Vietnam-era veteran status. Oregon State Figueroa as she begins her Health, Master Gardeners, University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Reasonable accommodations to persons with physical or mental disabilities will position as the Expanded Food 4-H, and Forestry and Natural be provided. Please notify the Extension office five working days prior and Nutrition Education Program Resources to deliver educational to the event you are interested in attending to request reasonable and LatinX Program Assistant for programming based upon accommodations. OSU Extension Benton and Linn community needs assessments Counties! for outreach to the LatinX In addition to conducting communities in Benton and Linn programming for EFNEP, which Counties. has statewide focus areas in food Diana, who is bilingual, bi- systems, physical activity, and literate, and bi-cultural, brings health leadership, Diana will also knowledge and experience doing be working collaboratively with community program outreach faculty from other program areas with Spanish speaking audiences.

2 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton Brooke Edmunds Elizabeth Records 541-730-3470 541-730-3471 Community brooke.edmunds@ elizabeth.records@ oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu Horticulture

Interested in receiving our monthly gardening newsletter? March-April Gardening Sign up here: https://beav.es/4oc Calendar for Western Oregon The Oregon State University Extension Service encourages sustainable gardening practices. Preventive pest management is emphasized over reactive pest Annual Benton County Master Gardener control. Identify and monitor problems before acting and opt for the least toxic approach that will remedy the problem. The Plant Sale Set for May 2 conservation of biological control agents (predators, parasitoids) should be favored over chemical controls. The Benton County Master Use chemical controls only when necessary and only after Gardener Association Annual thoroughly reading the pesticide label. First consider cultural, Plant Sale is Saturday, May then physical and biological controls. Choose the least-toxic options (insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, botanical 2, at the Benton County insecticides, and organic and synthetic pesticides — when used Fairgrounds, 110 SW 53rd St, judiciously). Corvallis. The sale is under Trade-name products and services are mentioned as cover at the Solar Barn so illustrations only. This does not mean that the Oregon State don’t let a little rain keep University Extension Service endorses these products and you away. Hours are 9 a.m. services or intends to discriminate against products and services to 3 p.m. You’ll find more not mentioned. than 10,000 plants at great prices. Come early for the best March selection. Payment can be made by cash, check, credit or Planning debit card. • Plan your vegetable garden carefully for spring, summer and fall vegetables that can be eaten fresh or preserved. If you Ornamental plants include lack in-ground gardening space, plan an outdoor container sun and shade perennials, garden. groundcovers, shrubs, vines, • Use a soil thermometer to help you know when to plant and trees. The collection to their own growing needs Extension Office hotline. Seed vegetables. Some cool season crops (onions, kale, lettuce and includes native, deer resistant, and answer your gardening to Supper classes teach novice spinach) can be planted when the soil is consistently at or above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. and drought tolerant plants. questions. Getting the right gardeners to grow their own Vegetable and herbs grown plant for the right place food. Other programs include Maintenance and Clean Up from seed include tomatoes, improves gardening success, lectures and demonstration • Lawn mowing: Set blade at 0.75–1 inch for bentgrass lawns; peppers, eggplants, tomatillos, which is what the BCMGA is gardens. These programs and 1.5–2.5 inches for bluegrasses, fine fescues and ryegrasses. and many others selected after all about. more are self-supporting • Compost grass clippings and yard waste, except for clippings showing good results in local Proceeds from the though efforts like the plant from lawns where weed-and-feed products or weed gardens. Perennial edibles sale support educational sale. killers have been used. include rhubarb, berries, programs in our schools and For more information • Spread compost over garden and landscape areas. grapes, and hops. community. Master Gardeners contact Elizabeth Records, • Prune gooseberries and currants; fertilize with manure or a Benton County Master answer hundreds of questions elizabeth.records@ complete fertilizer. Gardeners are on hand to help at farmer’s markets, local oregonstate.edu, or call 541- customers find plants suited plant clinics, and through the 713-5012. Continued on Page 7 Make Your Garden Buzz-Worthy Grow Plants with Pollinators in Mind

Order Live Bees - Nucs & Packages OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK 541-929-3524 www.shonnards.com Pollinator Plants | Seed Starting Supplies | Native Plants 6600 SW Philomath Blvd Corvallis Beekeeping Equipment | Consulting & Classes | Landscape Design LCB 5718 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 3 Before Reaching for Pesticides, Get to Know the Good Guys

Did you know there is an Photo B y H élène Ri val on W i k med a Commons vetch (Vicia villosa); and hybrid verbena (Verbena x alternative to controlling sweet clover (Melilotus hybrida); and lilac vervain pests in your garden by spp.). (Verbena rigida). using a pesticide? Attracting • Mustard Family beneficial insects, like lady (Brassicaceae) Attractive Beneficial insects also need beetles, green lacewings, to beneficials that are a source of water. Shallow praying mantis and parasites and predators containers such as ceramic dragonflies can help control of the insect pests of the pot saucers with pebbles for insects that feed on your mustard family (broccoli, the beneficials to rest on are plants. Beneficials don’t just Brussels sprouts, cabbage, best. help control pests. Some cauliflower, kohlrabi, beneficials are also important mustard greens). Be sure Suggested OSU Extension pollinators! to plant these away from publications found How can you attract the garden rather than at https://catalog. beneficials to your in the garden since these extension.oregonstate. garden? One way is to plants attract pests as well Ladybug (Coccinella septempunctata) on an Common Yarrow’s edu/ purchase them at a local as beneficials. Some are umbel (Achillea millefolium). • Encouraging Beneficials garden center and release common weeds, such as in Your Garden PNW 550 them into your garden. You yellow rocket and wild For kids: can also attract them to your mustard. Plants in this (Carum carvi); coriander/ spp.); coneflower • The Wildlife Garden: garden by growing plants to family include: basket- cilantro (Coriandrum (Echinacea spp.); Dragonfly EC 1601 provide an enticing habitat of-gold alyssum (Aurinia sativum); dill (Anethum coreopsis (Coreopsis • The Wildlife Garden: Lady for them. If you are able saxatilis); mustards graveolens); fennel spp.); cosmos (Cosmos Beetle EC 1604 to dedicate some space to spp.); golden marguerite (Brassica spp.); sweet (Foeniculum vulgare); • The Wildlife Garden: growing these habitat plants, Bishop’s flower (Ammi (Anthemis tinctoria); alyssum (Lobularia Praying Mantis EC 1605 the rest of your garden can majus); Queen Anne’s goldenrod (Solidago spp.); maritima); yellow rocket reap the rewards. Lace (Daucus carota); and signet marigold (Tagetes (Barbarea vulgaris); and Suggested websites: Following are some toothpick ammi (Ammi tenuifolia); sunflower wild mustard (Brassica recommendations from the visnaga). (Helianthus spp.); tansy kaber). • National Pesticide Penn State Extension Service: • Aster Family (Asteraceae) (Tanacetum vulgare); and • Verbena Family Information Center, • Carrot Family (Apiaceae) Attractive to larger yarrow (Achillea spp.). (Verbenaceae) Attractive Beneficial Insects. http:// Plants in the carrot family predators such as lady • Legumes (Fabaceae) to a variety of beneficial npic.orst.edu/envir/ are especially attractive to beetles and soldier beetles. Generally grown as cover insects. Many plants in this beneficial/index.html small parasitic wasps and Incorporate into the crops and attractive to family are favorite garden • Penn State Extension, flies. Interplant them in vegetable garden and many beneficials. Plants in flowers. They include: Attracting Beneficial your vegetable garden and flower beds. Plants in this family include: alfalfa lantana (Lantana camera); Insects https://extension. flower beds. Plants in this this family include: (Medicago sativa); fava Buenos Aires verbena psu.edu/attracting- family include: caraway blanketflower (Gaillardia bean (Vicia fava); hairy (Verbena bonariensis); beneficial-insects Save the Date: 21st Annual Through the Garden Gate Tour

Saturday, June 20 charming ‘she sheds’. • Lawn-free landscapes with The OSU Extension Linn County curving pathways. Master Gardeners’ 20th Annual • Gardens with a beautiful balance Garden Tour – Through the Garden of natural and manicured space. Gate – is the best gardening event to get inspiration for your own The garden owner and Master garden oasis. Tour beautiful private Gardeners will be at each garden gardens around Albany and Linn to answer questions. All funds County. You may start at any raised directly support gardening garden and tour them in any order. education for adults and youth in Linn County. This year the tour features Tickets will be available all new gardens, including: in late spring: https://www. • Shabby chic-style gardens with linnmastergardeners.com

4 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton To Get the Best Garden Answers, Share Samples

With garden season Clinic at a garden center, starting to bloom, more farmers market, or and more gardeners have community event near questions. OSU Master you. See our calendar for Gardener volunteers are here locations and schedule to help you find solutions to coming soon: https:// tough garden challenges! extension.oregonstate. Help us to help you by edu/mg/benton/take- sharing the samples and information we need to gardening-class provide the most useful • Find us on Ask an Expert: response to your question. https://ask.extension. org/ Ask a question What’s wrong with my anytime, from anywhere plant? with internet access. What to bring: For best identification, please Did you know: Master submit a plant sample to the Gardeners are community Extension office. Try to bring members who have taken in both healthy and affected fundamental horticulture plants, and include all parts classes and volunteer to of the plant (or for a tree, a respond to the community’s good-sized branch). Place in a plastic bag, if possible. gardening questions. They down 6 inches below the the insect in a sealed and 1-4. Email or leave a use OSU Extension and other High resolution, in-focus soil surface to collect about crushproof container. High phone message anytime. research-based sources photos can also be emailed 1 cup of soil free of organic resolution, in-focus photos • Benton County Extension, to thoroughly investigate to us. matter (roots, bark chips, can also be submitted. 4077 SW Research Way, etc.). Master Gardeners can A few things outside Corvallis, OR 97333 your question, and may What plant just popped measure approximate soil pH our expertise: The OSU Call with your question: provide a range of possible up in my garden? and suggest amendments to Extension Master Gardener (541) 713-5000 solutions. Master Gardener What to bring: Please meet your gardening goals. Plant Clinic is not able Email your question volunteers work with a team bring in a branch or stem We can provide a list of labs to identify mushrooms, and any photos of OSU staff and faculty. The with leaves and flowers/ which offer other types of answer marijuana/hemp to: bentonmg@ Plant Clinic also serves as a fruit. Place in a plastic bag, soil testing. questions, provide medical oregonstate.edu training opportunity for new if possible. High resolution, or veterinary advice, such • Linn County Extension, Master Gardener volunteers. in-focus photos can also be Is this insect harmful or as edibility or medicinal use 33630 McFarland Road, Interested in becoming a submitted. Please note that helpful? of wild plants, or diagnosis Tangent, OR 97389 Master Gardener volunteer? plant id to a specific cultivar What to bring: For the of insect bites for people or Call with your question: or variety is not always most accurate identification, domestic animals. 541-967-3871 Sign up for our monthly possible. please capture and bring Email your question & newsletter to be notified the live insect to the Plant Clinics near you! any photos to:linn.mg@ when the annual training What is the pH of my soil? Extension office. To preserve Find us at your local office oregonstate.edu class is accepting applicants. What to bring: Please dig identifying features, place most weekdays from 9-12 • Find a Pop-Up Plant https://beav.es/Zjt

http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 5 Jeanne Brandt Tina Dodge Vera Family and Community 541-730-3544 541-730-3541 jeanne.brandt@ tina.dodge@ Health oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu OSU EXTENSION SERVICE | LINN & BENTON COUNTY OSU EXTENSION SERVICE | LINN & BENTON COUNTY Save the date!! OSURegistration EXTENSION SERVICE Opens | LINN April & BEN 1stTON COUNTY RegistrationSave the date! Opens! April 1st Master Food Preserver Volunteers Sought Registration Opens April 1st OSU Extension Service to meet other community back to their groups. Food is accepting applications members with shared interest. For more information Food from community members Extensive food preservation about the program and an Food interesting in becoming a experience is not required. application, see https:// trained Volunteer Master Food Participants should learn Preservation extension.oregonstate.edu/ Preservation Preserver for Linn and Benton all aspects of food safety Preservation Counties. Training will be held and preservation during the linn/events/master-food- 2020 Hands-On Classes for eight Thursdays, from 9 training, so it is appropriate preserver-training or contact a.m.-4 p.m. each day, starting for beginners as well as the Extension office in Linn Tuesdays in June 2020 Hands-On CTuelsdassesays in June County at 541-967-3871, in • Fruits, jams & pie fillings April 16. Training will be held experienced food preservers • Fruits, jams & pie fillings or at the Linn County Extension who wish to update their June 9, July 8 or August 6 oTruesdays in June Benton County at 541-713- June 9, July 8 or August 6 • Fruits, jams & pie fillings Wednesdays in July Office in Tangent. Volunteers knowledge and share with 5000. Worednesdays in July • Canning & dehydrating are asked to return 48 hours of others. A desire to interact • CJuneann 9,ing July & 8 dehydrating or August 6 or For community members vegetables and meats oWr ednesdays in July volunteer time during the food with the public in a cheerful vegetables and meats Thursdays in August who want to learn more about • JCunaenn 16,ing July & 15 dehydrating or August 13 Thursdays in August preservation season. Volunteer and positive way is important. June 16, July 15 or August 13 or food preservation but do not vegetables and meats 6 to 9 p.m. duties include assisting with There is a $150 fee for class 6T htou 9r sp.m.day s in August June 16, July 15 or August 13 canning classes and staffing supplies. Representatives wish to volunteer, see the flyer • Preserving tomatoes & "The Held at: Laws of Salsa" LinnHeld6 to County9at: p.m. Extension information tables at farmers from community service on this page for our summer Laws of Salsa" 33630Linn County McFarland Extension Road • JPunreservinge 23, July 22 tomatoes or August 20& "The Tangent,33630Held at: McFarland OR 97389 Road markets and community organizations are invited to series of food preservation June 23, July 22 or August 20 541-967-3871Tangent,Linn County OR Extension 97389 Laws of Salsa" 541-967-387133630 McFarland Road events. This is a great way participate to take information classes. • PJunickling:e 23, July Fermented 22 or August and 20 Cost:Tangent, $18 OR or $60 97389 for the series of all • Pickling: Fermented and 4Cost:541-967-3871 classes $18 or $60 for the series of all quick pickles 4 classes • Pickling: Fermented and Pre-registrationCost: $18 or $60 isfor required the series at of all June 30, July 29 or August 27 Pre-registration is required at June 30, July 29 or August 27 https://beav.es/Ztu4 classes Stages of Change: quick pickles https://beav.es/Ztu Pre-registration is required at June 30, July 29 or AugustOregon 27 State University Extension Service prohibits discrimination in all its programs, services, activities, and materialsOregon State on the University basis of Extensionage, color, Servicedisability,https://beav.es/Ztu prohibits familial discrimination or parental status, in all genderits programs, identity services, or expression, activities, genetic and imaterialsnformation, on themarital basis status, of age, national color, disability, origin, political familial beliefs, or parental race, religion,status, gender reprisal, identity sex, sexual or expression, orientation, genetic veteran’s status,information, or because marital all status, or a part national of an individual's origin, political income beliefs, is derived race, religion, from any reprisal, public assistancesex, sexual program. orientation, Program veteran’s How to Set Goals for the Next Step accommodationstatus, or because requests all or a partrelated of anto individual'sa disability shouldincome be is mderivedade by from calling any 541- public967 assistance-3871 or program. Program jolynn.ohearnaccommodationOregon [email protected] University requests Extension related a to week Servicea disability before prohibits theshould class discrimination be. made by calling in all its 541- programs,967-3871 services, or activities, and jolynn.ohearnmaterials on [email protected] basis of age, color, a week disability, before familial the class or. parental status, gender identity or expression, genetic information, marital status, national origin, political beliefs, race, religion, reprisal, sex, sexual orientation, veteran’s status, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. Program By Brandon O’Toole, accommodation requests related to a disability should be made by calling 541-967-3871 or take action within the next change and your place in them [email protected] a week before the class. OSU Dietetic Intern six months. may help to promote good Food Hero Pick of the Month – Cherries! • Preparation- People are eating and wellness behaviors. Visit FoodHero.org where healthy food is fun, fast, tasty and fits A model used to show the within 30 days of taking Many people underestimate your budget! stages of changing behavior is action for change during the issue of unhealthy eating. Cherry Scones the Transtheoretical model. this stage. They will have People also try to move to Ingredients: This model may help you already started smaller the next stage of change • 1 cup whole wheat flour chopped fresh, canned, or make decisions based on your steps toward the behavior. too quickly. For instance, a • 3/4 cup all-purpose flour frozen and thawed cherries. current stage in the process of • Action- The desired person in the action stage • 1/3 cup sugar Drain canned or frozen choosing healthier behaviors. behavior has begun to could view themselves as part • 1 teaspoon baking powder cherries well. Each stage has strategies to change. The person is of the maintenance stage, • 1/2 teaspoon baking soda • 1/4 cup butter, melted evaluate the pros and cons moving forward with more failing to realize next steps • 1/4 teaspoon salt • 2/3 cup buttermilk of each stage and help you positive changes. for long term changes of a • 1 cup dried cherries, or • 1 teaspoon vanilla make the change. The model • Maintenance- The behavior behavior. Directions: consists of six stages that at this stage has been This model has certain 1. Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. show a person’s ability to changed for at least six weaknesses that limit the 2. Combine the whole wheat flour, all-purpose flour, sugar, baking make a change. The six stages months. The person plans ability for all audiences to use powder, baking soda, and salt in a medium bowl. Mix well include: to avoid relapsing into it. For instance, the model 3. Add the cherries and mix lightly • Precontemplation- The negative choices. does not address the social- 4. In a small bowl, combine the melted butter, buttermilk, and stage where no change is • Termination- The final economic burden some may vanilla. Add to the dry ingredients and mix gently. wanted or even known stage is where the person face when attempting to make 5. Spoon the dough into 10 equal mounds on a greased baking about. People are more has moved far enough away certain changes. Also, the sheet. Bake until well browned, 18 to 20 minutes. than six months away from from the old behavior that model provides little guidance 6. Serve hot or at room temperature. Store leftovers in an airtight taking action. they are in no danger of on the way to progress. container at room temperature for 2 or 3 days. • Contemplation- Here, the relapse. There is no concrete goal or Makes 10 scones • Prep time: 20 minutes • Cook time: 20 minutes person is aware of the need for change and plans to Understanding the stages of Continued on Page 13

6 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton What’s in Your Refrigerator, Garden Calendar continued from Page 3

• Fertilize evergreen shrubs and trees if needed. If established Freezer, Cupboards? and healthy, their nutrient needs should be minimal. • If needed, fertilize rhododendrons, camellias and azaleas with acid-type fertilizer. If established and healthy, their nutrient With spring in sight, it’s needs should be minimal. time to inventory and make One-a-Day Spring Health and • Prune spring-flowering shrubs after blossoms fade.Fertilize plans for the food you have on caneberries using band fertilizer, broadcast fertilizer, a hand, before the new garden Safety Task Checklist complete fertilizer or manure. and harvest season gets (One item a day for one month) Planting and propagation started. p Replace batteries in your smoke detector and Co2 Detector • Divide hosta, daylilies and mums. p Clean behind and beside your stove and refrigerator Here are some tips and • Use stored scion wood to graft fruit and ornamental trees. p Rotate or flip your mattress encouragement for • Plant insectary plants such as alyssum, phacelia, coriander, p Clean window and sliding door tracks inventory and evaluation candytuft, sunflower, yarrow and dill to attract beneficial p Change furnace or HVAC filter of the foods you have. insects to the garden. p Change water filter in refrigerator or ice maker • If soil is dry enough, prepare vegetable garden and plant early Keep track. Find a p Replace or clean vacuum filters. Use HEPA filters to trap small cool-season crops (carrots, beets, broccoli, leeks, parsley, notebook to use or download particles chives, rhubarb, peas and radishes). Plant onions outdoors as a kitchen pantry or freezer p Wash or change your shower curtain soon as the soil is dry enough to work. inventory form from one of p Scrub out microwave oven • Plant berry crops (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, many websites to keep track p blackberries, currants, gooseberries and other berry- Scrub garbage can producing crop plants). of which areas you have p Clean dryer vent sorted and what items are in p Clean out sink and shower drains Pest Monitoring and Management each area space. You could p Clean the stove hood and filter do this on your computer • Spray trees and shrubs for webworms and leafrollers, if p Clean the oven present. or phone, but that might be p Shampoo carpets or have them cleaned • Protect new plant growth from slugs. Least toxic management more difficult to share with p Dust, vacuum, shake out or wash window treatments options include barriers and traps. Baits are also available for others in the household. p Scrub baseboards throughout house slug control; use with caution around pets. Read and follow Determine what you have. p Clear debris from all vents throughout house all label directions prior to using baits or any other chemical Before each grocery shopping p Disinfect doorknobs and switch plates control. trip, make time to sort and p Schedule chimney inspection and cleaning • Learn to identify the predatory insects that can help keep aphids and other pests under control. inventory one space, this p Sanitize the remote control and computer mouse might even be one shelf at a p • Spray to control leaf and twig fungus diseases in dogwood, Dust books and book cases sycamore, hawthorn and willow trees. time. Breaking any job down p Vacuum under furniture, in between and under all cushions • Prune ornamentals for air circulation and to help prevent into smaller increments p Dust or wipe all light fixtures, replace lightbulbs as necessary fungus diseases. keeps it from becoming p Dust electronics and screens • Start rose blackspot control tactics at budbreak. Control rose overwhelming. p Dust frames and clean glass of photos and art diseases such as black spot. Remove infected leaves. Spray as Check packaging. Well- p Wash or replace pillows necessary with a registered fungicide. sealed packages prolong the p Shake out or scrub door mat • Monitor for European crane fly and treat lawns if damage has quality of food and prevent p Clean and disinfect the garbage disposal been verified. • Monitor landscape plants for problems. Don’t treat unless a insect or rodent infestations. p Wipe down table and chair legs Make sure all the packages problem is identified. you have food in will prevent Indoor gardening any air or moisture exchange the frozen meat on one side at once, one shelf at a time • Trim or shear heather when bloom period is finished. with the room, freezer, or of the freezer, all the canned will eventually get it done. • Start tuberous begonias indoors. refrigerator. If you purchase vegetables on one shelf in the Evaluate the food you have • Take geraniums, begonias and fuchsias from storage. Water or harvest large quantities pantry. in storage. Decide which and fertilize. Cut back if necessary. Move outdoors next month. of food, always package it in Make a plan for the food products your family likes single use size packages before you have. Reduce waste and and which items you don’t April putting them into storage. save money by using up food seem to serve, regardless of Label the packages with the you have before it gets stale how healthy or economical Planning amount of food and date. or unsafe. Consider what you they are. Note the items not • Write in your garden journal throughout the growing season. Remember that the dates have on hand and purchase to preserve or purchase next • Prepare garden soil for spring planting. Incorporate generous printed on commercially ingredients you need to go time. amounts of organic materials and other amendments, using packaged foods are an along with it for a complete the results of a soil analysis as a guide. indication of best quality, and dish or meal. If you have a question about • Prepare raised beds in areas where cold soils and poor drainage do not indicate the safety of Add new additions to your the safety of meat, poultry or are a continuing problem. Incorporate generous amounts (at the food. If foods are packaged inventory list when you add eggs you come across while least 2 inches) of organic materials. well and stored carefully, they them to your food storage. you are conducting inventory, • Use a soil thermometer to help you know when to plant call the free USDA Meat and vegetables. When the soil is consistently above 60 degrees can safely be consumed long Wash the shelves, Fahrenheit, some warm season vegetables (beans, sweet corn) after the package date. cupboards, and drawers while Poultry Hotline at 1-888- can be planted. Organize as you go. As you you are conducting inventory. 674-6854. It’s open Monday- sort food packages, group You don’t have to clean the Friday, or email your question like items together. Pack all entire refrigerator or cabinet to [email protected]. Continued on Page 15 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 7 Commercial Agriculture Kevin Seifert Linn Soil and Water 541-926-2483 Conservation District www.linnswcd.org Conservation vs. Regulation Photo p rov i ded by Li nnS o i l and Water Conservat i on Di str ic t

By Kevin Seifert, Linn Soil on the landowners of this expenditures to benefit all and Water Conservation state. To the contrary, of Oregon. With some much District our environmental future needed help from technology, depends on maintaining our on-the-ground technicians, As we head into spring investment in voluntary, and government funded and summer, as combines citizen-sponsored initiatives. programs, these leaders are and tractors move from field You’ve heard it before, building up an impressive to field harvesting our best and it certainly has a loud portfolio of accomplishments. laid plans, I think we should ring of truth to it – farmers It often is a well-kept secret, remember all the things and ranchers are the unnoticed by the urban farmers do for others in terms original environmentalists. population. of their role as stewards of Agricultural producers would Farmers and ranchers are the land. I would like to give not be able to sustain their traditionally very modest kudos to the other farmers operation without taking about their operations, I and landowners that are care of the land and water have seen some remarkable involved in a program or that takes care of them. work put in by agricultural Voluntary riparian improvement by limiting access of livestock to stream, implementing conservation While there is always room producers when it comes to showing good stewardship with SWCD guidance. on their property. for improvement, a growing environmental stewardship. This is a time of great number of producers are The problem is nobody challenge as we face the going above and beyond any seems to be telling the story. programs, is certainly realized effort to find examples realities of the impacts of our requirement to protect the Oregonians need to know by ODA, which administers of agricultural operators daily lives on the health of natural resources of the state. what Ag is doing. Ag needs to Senate Bill 1010, creating doing good things for the our watersheds, the quality of They are making significant be proud of its effort. We all area-wide water quality environment. Those stories our waters, and the future of investments of time, energy, need to document the success management plans and rules can be found in all 36 Oregon our salmon runs. At the same and money to do the right of improving our natural for agriculture. Landowners counties. Whether the time, in these tough economic thing with regards to the resources. These impressive need the tools. projects are in partnership times, we are all acutely environment. A cynic could achievements serve as a Through CREP, landowners with ODA, the local soil and aware of the importance say that the threat of legal reminder that agricultural have received the cost-share water conservation district, of maintaining a working action for those who don’t operators are interested in and technical assistance to OWEB or other state and landscape so that our timber comply with environmental protecting natural resources. protect riparian areas in the federal agencies, or watershed and agricultural sectors of laws is the necessary catalyst All they need is technical short term, and they also councils they are increasing receive the annual payments the economy can participate for landowner projects assistance and some funding in number and growing in to encourage them to protect in the state’s economic and practices that improve One CREP (Conservation success. recovery. Oregon is a natural Oregon’s natural resource the area for a longer period of Reserve Enhancement I feel there is a momentum resource State that was built base. However, there are Program) participant has time, up to 10 to 15 years. ODA out there for good on harvesting and managing too many examples to count told me it offers financial has taken a greater role in stewardship of our natural those resources. of farmers and ranchers incentives for something statewide CREP coordination, resources; I also know that I believe that one of the voluntarily improving local that is a good idea to do in part, because we believe farmers and ranchers take things that makes Oregon land and water conditions anyway because it is simply CREP can help landowners special is that we have found — not because some judge good conservation, Beyond meet and exceed their local SB great pride in sustaining those a way to enlist landowners or government agency has the financial incentives, 1010 requirements and receive resources through their good and citizens around the state ordered them to do it, but I’ve spoken to many CREP financial incentives to do it. efforts. to participate in finding and because they care about participants who are proud of At a time when farmers Linn Soil and Water implementing solutions to where they live and want to what they have done for water and ranchers are generally Conservation District can our environmental problems. leave things better for the quality and wildlife. They also struggling financially, it’s be reached for help in We have recognized that next generation. feel more secure about how good to know there is a way implementing programs or we will not save our salmon These people are leaders of they comply with state and to improve Oregon’s riparian conservation techniques on runs or clean our waters by the agriculture industry. At federal water quality laws. areas without compromising a your property at 541-926- simply imposing an even a time when making a buck The significance of CREP, landowner’s bottom line. 2483, or email Kevin.Seifert@ greater burden of regulation is not easy, they are making and other federal cost-sharing It doesn’t take a lot of or.nacdnet.net

8 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton Chrissy Lucas 541-713-5009 Groundwater chrissy.lucas@ oregonstate.edu Protection Education Arsenic: What You Need to Know

By Chrissy Lucas should be tested annually In these cases, point-of-use a concern is an important for bacteria, nitrate, and units, which treat water strategy for private water The use of arsenic anything else of concern at the tap, may be the best well owners to safeguard as a poison is widely to the well owner, such as option. the health and well-being documented. As a result, arsenic. Testing should be Following installation of of their family. Working many people are alarmed conducted by a certified a treatment device, water with a water professional when they hear that their drinking water laboratory. quality should again be to monitor and maintain drinking water, either from Visit https://lams.nelac- tested to verify the operation the quality of the well and a public or private water institute.org/search to find of the device. After that, water supply is an important system, may contain an your list of certified labs, or water should be tested at responsibility of the private arsenic. What do you do if call the Private Well Owner least annually to confirm water system owner. Your your water contains arsenic, Hotline at 855-420-9355. treatment effectiveness. groundwater contractor and can it be removed? If you do have an arsenic Again, since water quality is your central source of This Q&A addresses those level in your water that is varies greatly, be sure to questions and more. higher than you would like, have your water tested information about caring for there are water treatment and consult a local water your system. What is arsenic? technologies available to professional for advice Arsenic is a semi-metallic address the problem. before purchasing a water What is the element with the chemical Arsenic enters the human treatment system. measurement of arsenic? symbol “As.” It occurs body principally through What types of treatment The U.S. EPA established naturally in rocks, soils, and the mouth, according to solutions are available to How does arsenic enter a the current maximum waters that come in contact the Centers for Disease private well owners? private water system? contaminant level (MCL) for with these rocks and soils. Control and Prevention NSF International is a A primary source of arsenic, 10 micrograms per Arsenic is odorless and (CDC), and inhaled arsenic not-for-profit organization arsenic to drinking water liter (or parts per billion). tasteless. also is absorbed through the that develops standards, wells is from water flowing The EPA does not regulate Arsenic can combine lungs into the bloodstream. product testing procedures, through arsenic-rich private water wells, but its with other elements to “Small amounts of arsenic and certification services rocks and soil. It can be drinking water rules provide may enter the body form inorganic and organic for products including further released into the a good standard by which to through the skin, but this arsenicals. In general, water treatment devices. environment through measure your water quality. inorganic derivatives are is not usually an important NSF has certified point- natural activities such as consideration,” reads regarded as more toxic of-use reverse osmosis volcanic action and forest What are the symptoms the CDC’s Public Health than the organic forms. and distillation devices for fires, as well as through of overexposure to Statement on arsenic. While food can contain the reduction of arsenic in human actions. Arsenic arsenic? both inorganic and organic drinking water. Pretreating is used in paints, dyes, Observable symptoms arsenicals, primarily Is my private well at risk? water through chlorination metals, drugs, soaps, of arsenic poisoning are inorganic forms are present Exposure to arsenic in or oxidation may be and semiconductors. thickening and discoloration in water. drinking water has been necessary to make reverse Agricultural applications, Exposure to arsenic at identified as a health osmosis devices effective for mining, and smelting of the skin, stomach pain, high levels poses potential concern in regions of the arsenic removal. For more also contribute to arsenic nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, serious health effects as it is United States where bedrock information or a list of NSF- releases in the environment. numbness in hands and a known human carcinogen, contains unusually high certified devices, contact the These can enter the feet, partial paralysis, and or cancer-causing agent. levels of arsenic. There are organization at 800-673- groundwater system by blindness. It also has been reported many pockets of Oregon 8010, or visit www.nsf.org. gradually moving with the The only way to know to affect the vascular where arsenic has been Some of the treatment flow of groundwater from if you have arsenic in your system in humans and has found in private domestic technologies may not be rains, melting of snow, etc. well water is to test. A test been associated with the wells amenable to point-of-entry, Testing water for arsenic costing around $40 is worth development of diabetes. Private well water or whole-house, treatments. in areas where arsenic is the extra peace of mind. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 9 Shelby Filley CommericalCommercial AgricultureAgriculture 541-672-4461 shelby.filley@ Livestock and Forages oregonstate.edu Hemp Finding a Home in Oregon Assuring Quality Beef Continued from Page 1 It is vitally important to have a safe and sustainable supply of anxiety to cancer. Sold principally as CBD oil, it can be found in food in the United States and multiple formulations, including lotions, tinctures and balms. elsewhere. This includes high Eventually, according to Noller, growers could produce hemp quality beef that is humanely for other uses, including for forage, fiber and seed. For now, raised in an environmentally however, sources say the state doesn’t have the infrastructure sound manner. The U.S. to accommodate those other uses. And with land values in the Department of Agriculture has Willamette Valley as high as they are, in some cases hitting $20,000 rules and laws that govern how an acre, Oregon growers typically shoot for the highest return they this is done. However, beef can get on a crop. For hemp, that is its oil. producers take it a step further When growing hemp, growers want feminized seed, which because they have a vested Study Shows Premium in Cattle from BQA produces oil at a much higher rate than a male plant, and they need interest and sincere desire to Certified Producers plants containing THC levels below 0.3 percent, the USDA standard make sure their cattle, land, and A recent study from Colorado State University measured the that delineates hemp from marijuana, which is illegal on a federal products are treated with the monetary value of having BQA certification on beef operations. level. utmost regard. This extra step Research was conducted to determine how a BQA Certification A crop that tests above 0.3 percent THC, the psychoactive includes a national program listing affected the sale price of beef calves and feeder cattle marketed through video auctions. The study resulted in a ingredient in cannabis, must be destroyed under the watch of the called Beef Quality Assurance premium of $16.80 per head or an estimated $2.71/cwt. Oregon Department of Agriculture. (BQA) where individual beef producers take the training and “This is unlike anything else growers are working with,” said receive certification. ODA’s Summers. “If you have a crop failure in another crop, maybe and acceptance of beef by animal health, and husbandry The BQA program started in you can get something out of it. That is not the case with hemp.” focusing the producers’ attention practices for the animals. the early 1980s when producers Growers harvest hemp both mechanically and by hand. to daily production practices Wholesome feeding practices, wanted to ensure practices were Processors then dry the crop and put it through extractors that pull that influences the safety, veterinary-guided health care, safe and would pass the scrutiny wholesomeness, and quality of low-stress livestock handling, oil from its flowers and leaves. Hemp oil is then infused into the of consumers. The USDA audited beef and beef products.” and care for the aging animals in balms, tinctures and lotions that enter the marketplace. the cattle feeding segment of Beef producers participate the herd are some of the topics Ken Iverson, who was part of a panel discussion in January at the industry to look at various in BQA because it’s the right addressed in the BQA program. the Oregon Ryegrass Growers Association’s annual meeting at the practices and how they impacted thing to do, it protects the Additionally, ranchers are kept Linn County Fairgrounds in Albany, said U.S. production in 2019 meat quality. Since the start beef industry from additional up to date on animal genetics for far exceeds its current market. “As we sit here today, this whole of the program, National Beef regulation, improves sale breeding excellent beef cattle. All industry is a 20,000- to 25,000-acre industry in the United States,” Quality Audits have been done value of marketed beef cattle, these topics relate to the quality he said, adding that the crop was produced last year “on somewhere every five years and include all demonstrates commitment of beef produced. north of 500,000 acres.” segments of the beef production to food safety and quality, For more information on the Still, many, including Noller, believe the growth potential for system (Cow-calf, Stocker, safeguards the public image BQA program, visit http://bqa. hemp products hasn’t begun to be realized. And many Oregon Finishing, and Packer). Each year of the beef industry, upholds org. growers and companies are betting that is the case. top issues are identified, and consumer confidence in valuable Oregon State University One thing is for certain, ODA’s Summers said: Hemp production improvements to the system are beef products, and enhances Extension Service is offering BQA will not increase at the rate it has the past three years. sought. herd profitability through better training this spring in Tangent “At some point, it has to flatten out,” Summers said. The BQA Mission is “To management. The BQA guidelines and Eugene. Watch for details Just when that occurs, however, remains to be seen. maximize consumer confidence focus on what is fed, records for coming soon. GROWING WITH OUR COMMUNITY FOR MORE THAN 60 YEARS Experience the Citizens Bank difference • A knowledgeable banking team dedicated to customer service and our community. • On-site Loan Officers who are empowered to make local credit decisions.

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10 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton Amy Garrett Melissa Fery Teagan Moran 541-713-5007 541-730-3538 541-713-5011 Commercial Agriculture amy.garrett@ melissa.fery@ teagan.moran@ oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu Small Farms ‘I own land with EFU status. How do I maintain the deferral?’

By Victoria Binning, OSU soils, what can you do with your farm business comes first! It Similarly, poor soils will produce on your farm property, Extension Small Farms Program parcel of paradise? is important to note here that require amendments for crop as well as a guide for other Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) each county has different rules production or are often used for questions you will want to I often get the question from zoning requires that you around EFU land and it behooves pasture. To determine if your answer as you start your farm, new landowners, those who honestly try to make a profit you to get familiar with your property has water rights, check read “What Can I Do With My have never owned land before from a farm business on your county’s code. Decisions around out the Oregon Water Resources Small Farm?” https://catalog. and now find themselves with property in order to receive land use and the zoning code are Department database https:// extension.oregonstate.edu/ a few acres to play with, “What the tax deferral, which is really determined by county planners www.oregon.gov/OWRD/ ec1529. can I grow that doesn’t require an incentive to keep those and you should contact them programs/WaterRights/WRIS/ If thinking of all the work a lot of work but I can make lands productive. There is no while you are building out the Pages/default.aspx. needed to successfully raise money off of?” After a little minimum income requirement, vision of your farm property, not To determine what types a crop or maintain livestock digging, I find that many of these but you must be farming with after you’ve started the actual of soil you have, check out makes your head spin, you question-askers are driven by the intent to make a profit. building! the Web Soil Survey https:// might consider leasing your a desire to live a rural lifestyle Farming includes vegetable, Deciding on which crops to websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda. land to someone who is ready and they are looking for ways to fruit, pasture, livestock, and grow or livestock animals to gov/App/HomePage.htm. If you to actively farm. You can lease maintain their Exclusive Farm nursery operations, as well as raise is a matter of choice. How have questions about what it all EFU land so long as they are Use (EFU) tax deferral to keep boarding and breeding, among much time do you want to spend means, don’t hesitate to reach farming and you are receiving expenses down. many other farm enterprises. tending your crops or animals? out to OSU Extension Small an income from them. In order The State of Oregon has some You can find more clarity on What sorts of activities do you Farms Program. to lease your land, you draw up pretty strict rules around the what qualifies in “Assessment of enjoy doing? Feeding chickens For a more in-depth guide use of agricultural lands because Farmland in Exclusive Farm-Use and collecting eggs may bring through considering what to Continued on Page 12 the people of Oregon value their Zone” https://www.oregon. you more joy than pruning trees, rich agricultural soils and their gov/DOR/forms/FormsPubs/ or vice versa, and that’s okay! In farmers so highly. Unlike other assessment-farmland- fact, it’s important to recognize states, Oregon has a special zone_303-644.pdf from the what forms of work will be zoning status for rural properties Department of Revenue. sustainable for your lifestyle and – called Exclusive Farm Use, or If you are hoping that events keep you invested. EFU – that prohibits activities like weddings, corn mazes, or Further narrowing down other than farming from glamping experiences might your options are the resources happening on prime agricultural be the way to make an income, available on your property. Do soils. For this reason, it is make sure this is not your you have water rights? What is difficult to divide properties into primary source of income. the quality of your soil, or your parcels smaller than 80 acres and Events such as these first require soil classification? Little or no to build houses or structures not that you have a farm business water will limit you to more necessary for the farm business. producing crops or livestock drought resistant crops like wine Given those considerations to sell. It is called “Exclusive grapes, Christmas trees, garlic, for the preservation of our fertile FARM Use” after all, and your hay, asparagus, and rhubarb. RURAL LIVING DAY Saturday March 7th, 2020 Things to consider 9:00am - 3:00pm, Junction City High School

If you live in the country or are considering a move, you won’t want to miss Vegetable Crops Berries and Orchard Crops Livestock this event. Workshops throughout the day offer something for everyone, • Annual plantings • May take several years to turn • Require 24/7 care including a dedicated youth track. Workshops on compost, water rights, wild • Requires irrigation water a profit • Budget for veterinary needs mushrooming, small engine maintenance, wildlife management and habitat, • Harvesting by hand takes • Typically requires irrigation • Fencing! sausage making, gardening, and more! longer, but harvesting by • Annual maintenance lessens • Make a plan for deceased machine requires $ after first 2-3 years animals Cost: $20 per adult. Youth attend for free. For event details, including full list of sessions, descriptions, and to register visit: • Requires well drained soils • Annual pruning requirements • Livestock will damage soils https://extension.oregonstate.edu/smallfarms/events/rural-living-day-2020 • Important to research disease during wet season without Advanced Registration Required - Spots are Limited

resistant varieties management Questions? Contact Teagan 541-713-5011 [email protected] • Requires well drained soils • Larger animals can be challenging to handle • Need hay or other feed for the winter • Can raise livestock on OSU EXTENSION SERVICE PROHIBITS DISCRIMINATION IN ALL ITS PROGRAMS, SERVICES, ACTIVITIES, AND MATERIALS. ACCOMMODATIONS ARE AVAILABLE, CONTACT marginal lands TEAGAN 541-713-5011 [email protected] http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 11 Ed Peachy Commercial Agriculture 541-740-6712 ed.peachey@ Vegetables oregonstate.edu Avoiding Herbicide Carryover in Vegetable Crop Rotations

By Ed Peachey, Photo by E d Pea this reason, it is important to Crop Rotation Intervals for Four Common Herbicides Commercial Veg Crops follow labels carefully. Used in Vegetable Production Cover crops are a special Crop Herbicide and Rotation Intervals (months)

This is a good time of year to case when it comes to herbicide Raptor Reflex Sandea Command/ recall and review the herbicide c hey carryover and plant-back limits. Strategy (imazamox, (fomesafen, (halosulfuron, (clomazone, history on your farm to avoid Cover crops that will not be applied to snap applied to applied to applied to crop injury from carryover. harvested can be planted after beans) summer or cucurbits and cucurbits winter squash, beans) mainly) Herbicide carryover occurs any herbicide program, but the beans) more often than it should. grower assumes the risk of crop Goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae) Reasons for this include poor failure. The cover crop cannot Beets (table) 26 18 24-36 9 Spinach 26 NLa 18 24 12 NL record keeping, incorrect rates be harvested for forage or seed, Swiss chard 26 NL 18 36 NL 12 NL of application, unanticipated however, unless the label allows Mustard family (Brassicacea) Broccoli, cauliflower & cabbage 18 18 NL 15-18 9 changes in the crop rotation, for that option. Collard 26 NL 18 NL 36 NL 12/16 NL poor communication, and of Herbicide persistence or Turnip 26 NL 18 NL 36 NL 12/16 NL Canola 26 18 NL 15 12/16 NL course, forgetfulness. Producers carryover is a particular issue if Nightshade family (Solanaceae) manage many crops, and attempting to interseed cover Eggplant 18 18 NL 12 12/16 NL Pepper 18 12 10 0 keeping track of everything crops. Most of the preemergence Potato 18 0 9 9 that is applied to a field can be a Reflex carryover damage to Chinese herbicides labeled in crops like Tomato 18 10 8 9/12 challenge, particularly when the cabbage five months after Reflex corn will damage interseeded Parsley family (Apiaceae) application. Carrot 18 18 NL 15 12/16 NL land is rented. The intent here is cover crops, including Dual Lily family (Liliaceae) to highlight common herbicides Magnum, Outlook, and atrazine. Onions & leeks 9 18 NL 18 12/16 NL some crops. Half-lives of these Sunflower family (Asteraceae) used in vegetable crops that An exception is Eptam preplant Lettuce 9 18 NL 18 12/16 NL herbicides range from 3 to can cause problems later in the incorporated in snap beans. Cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae) 12 months depending on soil Cantaloupe 9 12 36 NL 9/0 rotation. Eptam dissipates very quickly temperatures and moisture Cucumbers 18 12 9 9/0 Four common herbicides and typically does not injure Pumpkins & Squash 9 4/0 for squash 9 9/0 levels. Dry soils in cold and low Grass family (Poaceae) used in vegetable crops that cover crops after 6 weeks. Corn (sweet) 8.5 10 1-3 9 can damage future crops are rainfall areas slow herbicide The good news is that there Bentgrass NL 12 36 NL 12 NL degradation the most. Pea or legume family (Fabaceae) Raptor, Reflex, Sandea, and are now several herbicides Beans (snap) 0 0 9 9/NL Command (see summary table Crop rotation intervals of Group 28 that have been Edamame 0 0 36 NL 9/NL printed on pesticide labels are Pea 0 4 9 9/NL below or the expanded table labeled in sweet corn over the a NL: crop not listed on the label and therefore falls under the category of ‘all other crops’. online). Clomazone is the designed to minimize the chance last decade that have short herbicide in Command, and of crop injury and the chance rotation intervals and that same time as the cover crop is at V4 or before. This window is also in the premix Strategy that illegal residues are found in make interseeding possible. The and will damage corn up to one following crops. Occasionally, it herbicides are Impact, Laudis, was drilled between corn rows. between herbicide application year later. Reflex may injure is possible that an herbicide will and the most recent addition, Vigorous cover crops such as and seeding (V4 to V6, or some crops up to 18 months not injure the following crop, Shieldex (2018). Most cereals cereals (eg. triticale and winter typically 10 to 14 days) is usually after application (see photo of yet that same crop may pick up are tolerant to these herbicides, wheat) should be seeded when sufficient to prevent injury to typical damage). Raptor and herbicide residues that exceed but we have noted damage to corn is V6 (6 collar corn); the leguminous cover crops. Sandea have the longest rotation the federal tolerance (limit) for small seeded legumes when the best time to apply these Group To view the full table visit intervals, up to 26 months for that herbicide and that crop. For herbicide was applied at the 28 herbicides for weed control https://beav.es/4wm

I Own Land with EFU Status continued from Page 11 a contract with an interested Leased Land” https://extension. places like OregonFarmLink. your farming decisions will be For questions about what party, outlining the duration of oregonstate.edu/exploring- org, Craigslist.com, the Small Ag dependent on your available you can do on your EFU land, the contract, who is responsible leased-land that is well worth a Press, and Facebook groups like resources, both those from contact your County Planning for what, and what to do if/ read! “Willamette Valley Farming and the land and those from your Division. when things go wrong. Lease Access to farmland is one of Homesteading Classifieds.” farming team or family. Finding For additional farm deferral agreements are not only a good the biggest challenges facing In farming, there is no an enterprise that is manageable questions, contact your County idea to protect you, but you young and beginning farmers, so silver bullet product that is and fulfilling is a matter of Assessor’s office. may need to provide the county if you have land to farm but are easy to produce and makes reflecting on your own goals and For farming questions and assessor’s office with a copy not interested in doing the work a lot of money. If there was, preferences and aligning those support, contact Teagan Moran as proof of income. Our Small yourself, connecting with these everyone would be producing with what your land and the with the Small Farms program Farms agent, Melissa Fery, wrote folks is a win-win situation. You it. Farming requires hard local markets will support. Start at 541-713-5011 or email Teagan. a great article called “Exploring can find interested parties on work and dedication. Many of small and grow sustainably. [email protected].

12 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton Erica Chernoh 541-344-1709 Commercial Agriculture erica.chernoh@ oregonstate.edu Tree and Small Fruit

Monitoring for Insect Pests in Orchard Crops How to Set Goals continued from Page 6 By Erica Chernoh, Assistant Professor start tunneling into the fruit). Pacific flatheaded borer (Chrysobothris of Practice Commercial and Community Filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana) is mali), will begin to emerge in May. The Horticulture considered the number one insect pest larvae of the flatheaded borer tunnel achievement to signal someone of hazelnuts. Historically, the adults into the cambium of the trunk, feeding to move from one stage to the There are several insect pests of began to emerge in mid-June, but flight as it goes, and preventing water and next. The model also provides orchard crops that begin to emerge in has been starting earlier in recent years. nutrients from moving from the roots no time limit or suggestion to the spring as temperatures begin to rise. Pheromone mating disruption has proven to the shoots. Young and stressed trees remain in each stage. Monitoring your orchard is essential to be effective in managing this pest are particularly susceptible. If you have Despite some of the during this period in order to understand and reducing insecticide applications. young hazelnut trees in the ground, it limitations in using this model, when the pest will first emerge, the pest Pheromone traps should be placed in the is important to monitor them for borer there is benefit to understanding population pressure, and to properly upper one-third of the tree canopy by damage, particularly those that show it. Using this model works best time pesticide applications. mid-May (four traps for 10 acres). Action signs of stress, such as wilting, yellowing by setting goals for yourself and Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is should be taken when 2-3 moths per trap or stunted leaves in the canopy of the being responsible to a trusted one of the most prevalent pests of apples or 5 moths are found in any one trap. tree. Inspect the trunk of the tree for partner. Small goals improve and pears in the Pacific Northwest. In The filbert aphid (Myzocallis coryli) signs of boring, cracks or dark colored the odds of success and will the south Willamette Valley, the Codling and hazelnut aphid (Corylobium depressions in the bark, and look for create a sense of momentum for Moth completes 2 to 3 generations per avellanae) begin to emerge in early April. sawdust frass on the ground around the making other behavior changes. year. The first generation will typically To monitor for aphids, inspect the leaves base of the tree. A small goal could be replacing emerge in May with first major flight and young buds for aphids. There is a For more information on the pests sugary drinks with calorie free in early June, followed by a second parasitoid wasp (Trioxys pallidus) that mentioned in this article and control drinks. Notice how much more generation in June. Pheromone traps are usually keeps the aphid populations in options, see the Pacific Northwest realistic and detailed this goal is useful for identifying and monitoring check, so only spray if you had serious Pest Management Handbook: https:// opposed to “lose the weight.” the presence of adult moths, and timing aphid issues the previous season, or if you pnwhandbooks.org/, or the following Having an unbiased person for pesticide applications. To be effective, are above the threshold levels (20 aphids OSU Extension Publications (https:// motivation and accountability pheromone traps should be placed in per leaf in April, 30 per leaf in May, or 40 catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/): will help you be successful. They the upper one-third of the tree canopy per leaf in June or July). • 2018 Apple Pest Management Guide for can realize the end of a stage and by mid-May, and inspected weekly. The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug the Willamette Valley (EM 8418) when it is best to move to the When two or more moths are caught in (BMSB) (Halyomorpha halys) has become • 2019 Hazelnut Pest Management Guide next. These tactics will help you one or more trap for two consecutive an important pest in the Willamette for the Willamette Valley (EM 8328) move through the stages on to a weeks, then make the first spray. Timing Valley for several commercial crops, • Growing Hazelnuts in the Pacific healthy goal. of subsequent spray applications will including hazelnuts. Pest pressure will Northwest: Integrated Pest depend on the longevity of products peak in the late summer or early fall, but Management (Em 9081) References: used, but should be made when the first the damage to the crop may have been • How to Monitor for Brown sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/ product has broken down or at least two done earlier in the season. Early season Marmorated Stink Bug in Specialty otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/ moths per trap are captured in one or feeding by BMSB can cause damage to Crops (EM 9138) BehavioralChangeTheories/ more of the traps. Degree day models the kernels, including blanks, shrivel, or • How to Recognize Brown Marmorated BehavioralChangeTheories6. have also proven quite effective for corking. Several methods can be used to Stink Bug Damage in Commercial html timing pesticide applications to the life monitor for BMSB, including pheromone Hazelnuts (EM 9102) stage of the pest that is most exposed (i.e. traps, beat sheets, and visual observation. • Filbertworm control by Mating between egg hatch and when the larva Another pest of hazelnuts, the Disruption (EM 9198)

Amazing 43+ acres w/ home far ahead of its time in energy efficiency: solar panels, geothermal hot water baseboards/Carrier heat pump. Private 6066 sq. ft quality home w/ LVT flooring/views/tranquility/space to roam in & out. 5 bedrooms w/more possible/one on main level, 3.5 bathrooms, office, mud room. EFU acres perfect for small intensive 405 Landmark Drive Philomath, OR 97370 organic farming/mushroom cultivation/livestock. Many outbldgs such as: shop, 100’x20’ machine shed, 170’x30’ lambing shed also ideal for car landmarkrealtyoregon.com (541) 929-2586 buffs or other XL projects! Big enough to handle all your WVMLS# 759498 $743,000 needs, small enough to care http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 13 Elli Korthuis Carolyn Ashton Maggie Livesay Benton County 4-H 541-713-5000 541-713-5000 541-713-5000 elli.korthuis@ carolyn.ashton@ maggie.livesay@ Youth Development oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu

4-H Summer Conference Vaping and e-cigarettes – Things Teens 4-H Summer Conference is June 24-27, (Wed–Sat) on and Parents Should Know the OSU campus! Summer Conference is an opportunity for youth in grades 7-12, to explore campus life, make new What are e-cigarettes? what is in an e-cigarette. school policies and the friends, sleep in a dorm, learn and have lots of fun. Electronic cigarettes, or “E-juice” and JUUL pods consequences for using While there, participants attend workshops on a wide e-cigarettes, include “vapes,” flavored like fruit or other them on school grounds variety of subjects. More than 80 classes are offered hookah pens, or JUULs. treats carry the same health are often the same as including dog agility, a logging site tour, animal anatomy, They are battery-powered risks as the unflavored smoking traditional fly-fishing, origami, and etiquette. Youth will also devices that heat an e-liquid products. Also, the flavorings cigarettes. participate in a community service project and enjoy a pool sometimes called “e-juice” used are typically not safe to party and dance! that often contains nicotine. be inhaled into the lungs. In Oregon, Governor Kate Cost is $250 per person. The first 10 Benton county E-cigarettes are inhaled What are the health risks Brown’s Executive Order registrants will receive a partial scholarship (amount to like regular cigarettes and of e-cigarettes? E-cigarettes 19-09 was issued October be determined). Current County/State Ambassadors and National Congress applicants will receive partial scholarships produce an aerosol cloud of contain chemicals that 3, 2019, to address the (amount to be determined). Registration and instructions nicotine or other substances. can cause irreversible lung vaping public health crisis can be found on our website. Registration opens on May 15. They are not proven to be a damage and alter teen and outbreak of vaping- For more information go to: https://extension. safer alternative to cigarettes. brains. E-cigarettes contain associated lung injury. As oregonstate.edu/4h/4-h-summer-conference. Is there a difference harmful chemicals such directed by the Governor, between using e-cigarettes as formaldehyde, which is Oregon Health Authority and JUULing? No. JUULs may known to cause cancer, and (OHA) adopted a rule look different, but they’re acrolein, which is used as a banning the sale of flavored Celebration of actually a type of e-cigarette. weed killer and can cause nicotine vaping products, Every JUUL pod contains irreversible lung damage. but the Oregon Court of Student Learning highly addictive nicotine. Nicotine is highly addictive Appeals stayed enforcement On Thursday, May 7, at Jefferson Elementary in Corvallis, JUUL does not make any and exposure during of the rule. Because of the more than 200 students will gather to share their year long nicotine free pods. Some adolescence can harm the court ruling, on January 16, project work. The 4-H Wildlife Stewards Youth Summit is a JUUL pods claim to have developing brain. 2020, the Oregon Health one-day natural science education event for student teams roughly as much nicotine as Youth who use e-cigarettes Authority suspended the an entire pack of cigarettes. are more likely to go on to use temporary rule banning sales from 4-H Wildlife Stewards Teachers and Member Schools in The aerosol cloud produced traditional cigarettes. of flavored nicotine vaping Benton County. by a JUUL might not look as In the short term, products. OHA continues Students who participate in this event prepare an thick as other e-cigarettes’ or e-cigarette aerosol can irritate to urge all Oregonians who educational display and give an oral presentation or give regular cigarette smoke, but your lungs, throat and eyes. use vaping products to stop a performance presentation related to a project they have it still contains many of the It can also make it more likely vaping immediately and researched or conducted in their schoolyard habitat or same chemicals and has the that you’ll catch colds or get take advantage of cessation nearby natural area. In addition to their presentation, same health risks. the flu. resources. students participate in a series of hands-on natural science Aren’t e-cigarettes less Is it legal for people to sell Can e-cigarettes activities provided by agencies and organizations in our harmful than tobacco? Isn’t it e-cigarettes to youth or for help someone quit? No, community, take a habitat tour of the host site, meet students just water vapor? The aerosol youth to buy or use them? e-cigarettes have not been from other member schools, and have fun! produced by e-cigarettes In the majority of states, found to be safe and effective Please join us from 2:45-4 p.m. for the community viewing isn’t water vapor and it isn’t the minimum age of sale for to help people quit smoking. of student projects. harmless. The aerosol inhaled e-cigarettes is 18; in three • If you know someone from these products is often a states the minimum age is 19, who wants to quit Benton County and Linn County Extension mixture of harmful chemicals and in six states and DC the smoking, they can call like nicotine, formaldehyde minimum age is 21. 1-800-LUNGUSA (1-800- programs may offer opportunities that and acrolein. In many states, it is illegal 586-4872) or visit www. are only open to the residents of their Virtually all e-cigarettes for retailers to sell youth Lung.org to learn about respective counties. Please check with contain nicotine – even the e-cigarettes, and in some quitting safely. your county Extension Office if you ones labeled “nicotine free.” states it is also illegal for This is because there are no youth to possess e-cigarettes. Sources have any questions about participation rules about how e-cigarettes • Many schools have AMERICAN LUNG eligibility for specific programs. or “e-juice” are made. There added e-cigarettes ASSOCIATION – www.lung. is no way to know exactly to their tobacco-free org; Oregon Health Authority

14 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton 4-H Cloverbuds are Learning and 4-H Fashion Revue

Giving Back Come cheer on 4-H members as they walk p hoto c red i t B enton County 4- H The Benton County 4-H the runway and showcase Cloverbud program recently their clothing and sewing held their annual day camp projects. 4-H Fashion on Martin Luther King Jr. Revue will take place on Day. This year, the day camp had a farm animal theme Saturday, April 25, at 6:30 with twenty-two 5-8 year p.m. in Milam Auditorium old youth learning about (2520 SW Campus Way) how to milk dairy cows, on OSU Campus. 4-H check for and candle chicken members are judged eggs, make animal masks, earlier in the day on their shake their own ice cream in projects and then take to a jar, and more. Older 4-H the stage for a free public youth presented their own viewing. More information animals to give Cloverbuds about the event can be an opportunity to learn about found on the Benton different animal species they could show as 4-H County website: https:// 4-H member poses at projects when they got older. extension.oregonstate. the fashion revue public They heard about rabbits, edu/4h/benton showcase. chickens, goats, and dogs. The Cloverbuds also went on a walking tour around the Benton County Fairgrounds where they learned where the animals are kept during county fair. Along with the day camp, the 4-H Cloverbuds also recently had the chance to tour Heartland Humane Society while they delivered a donation check from their December fundraiser. During the fundraiser, the Cloverbuds Cloverbud Members participate at a day camp and tour. created an art piece that was auctioned off to the public. Half of the proceeds went to choosing. They voted on towards. further support Cloverbud Heartland Humane Society. These types of activities programming, while the other Heartland hosted the tour help build the Cloverbuds’ half went to a local charity to show what the Cloverbud interest in serving the of the attending Cloverbuds’ donation would be going community. Garden Calendar continued from Page 7 Maintenance and clean up 4-H Favorite Foods Recap • Allow foliage of spring-flowering bulbs to brown and die down before removing. Thirty-two youth, ages judge. While waiting, competitive qualifying • Apply commercial fertilizers, manure or compost to cane, bush (gooseberries, currants, and blueberries), and trailing berries. 5-19, participated in the youth were also able to test contest for the Oregon State • Place compost or decomposed manure around perennial 2020 4-H Favorite Foods their measuring technique Fair. vegetables, such as asparagus and rhubarb. Contest on Saturday, in a measuring contest • Cut back ornamental grasses to a few inches above the ground. January 25. In this contest, with various wet and dry • Cover transplants to protect against late spring frosts. participants prepare their ingredients. • This is an optimum time to fertilize lawns. Apply 1 pound nitrogen per 1,000 square feet of lawn. Reduce risks of runoff favorite food in advance and The 4-H Favorite into local waterways by not fertilizing just prior to rain, and bring the food/dish, a menu, Foods Contest prepares not overirrigating so that water runs off the lawn and onto the and a table setting to the participants for the 4-H sidewalk or street. Benton Extension office to Food Preparation Contest • De-thatch and renovate lawns. If moss has been a problem, be critiqued by a volunteer (in March) which is the scratch the surface before seeding with perennial ryegrass. • Prune and shape or thin spring-blooming shrubs and trees http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 15 Paul Smith Andrea Leao Linn County 4-H 541-730-3469 541-730-3534 paul.smith@ andrea.leao@ Youth Development oregonstate.edu oregonstate.edu Photo p rov i ded by Li nn County 4- H

High Desert Leadership Retreat A Success In January, over the participated in. One of the was crowned the “Zombie Martin Luther King Jr classes that all the attendees Apocalypse Zar” out of the weekend, 16 Linn County participated in was “Zombie 120 youth that attended the Cloverbud Day Camp 4-H members travelled Apocalypse.” This was an conference. to Eagle Crest Resort in interactive class for youth In 4-H we focus on While some kids took a day off from learning this Redmond for a weekend to learn how prepared they positive youth development Presidents’ Day, others remained actively engaged in at High Desert Leadership would be in the case of a and try to provide youth learning and skill-building. Some of those ‘others’ were the Retreat. During the weekend natural disaster, such as with skills that will help participants of the latest Linn County 4-H Cloverbud Day youth got the opportunity a large earthquake. Youth them throughout life. Camp. Those who attended the event took part in a variety to practice many life skills worked in teams, and as High Desert Leadership of fun activities that they enjoyed and will remember in the including grocery shopping facts were shared, they is just one of the many months to come. and cooking for themselves. determined how many of The kids started the camp off by making their very own Along the way new friends them had the skills needed opportunities that provide button name-tags and playing a game of Simon says. Next up, were made, new skills were to continue. This was a great 4-H members with those was the task of building a riding lawn-mower out of Legos. learned, and lots of fun was opportunity for youth to skills. In Linn county we Participants were provided a lego kit and carefully followed had. think about what they can are very appreciative of the step-by-step directions until they had built their very Youth also participated offer and also what they can special donors who provide own mower. All that work built up quite an appetite, so the in numerous classes that do to prepare for a disaster. scholarships to our members kids moved to the kitchen in order to whip up a snack. On to travel and have these the menu was a peach and carrot smoothie, and homemade they chose along with group Our own Linn County macaroni and cheese. Blending up the smoothies was quite the activities that all attendees member Elizabeth Beck experiences. workout, because the eco-friendly blender was not electric, but a kid-powered blender-bike. After getting to enjoy the fruits of their labor, it was on to messy business. The day- Military Kids’ Club campers made their very own ‘turf-buddies’. A nylon sock is filled with grass seed and dirt, then placed in a decorated By Paul Smith, Linn County then having to adjust to a Oregon currently has an planter. In time, grass, or ‘hair’, begins to grow out of the 4-H Program Coordinator whole new environment, build estimated 1,700 National Guard turf-buddy. To end the day, kids were able to draw a picture of new friendships and start a service members deployed something that they had learned that day. Some learned that Growing up as a military new home. Deployments are overseas, and many more will a stationary bike can be used to blend up smoothies. Others kid is not always the easiest another reality that military continue to deploy in the years discovered a new way to prepare macaroni and cheese, and thing in the world. There are kids often deal with. When a to come. many found a fun, new way to plant grass. a lot of factors that can make parent is deployed, they can With the hardship and stress This February’s day camp was a success, because the life more difficult for a family be gone for many months at that can come with being a participants all got to experience something new and have fun. in the military. They are often a time. Not only is the parent military family member, it Linn County 4-H looks forward to continuing to help youth required to move every two absent, but sometimes they is important that resources thrive. Interested in learning more about 4-H in Linn County? to three years, which requires are required to serve in a Please visit our website, https://extension.oregonstate. leaving a home, friends and hazardous part of the world, edu/4h/linn or drop by our office for a visit. familiar places behind, and which adds even more stress! Continued on Page 19

16 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton Hunter Education Classes for Youth Calling All Explorers Linn County Extension Office By Paul Smith, Linn County 4-H Program Coordinator Oregon is known for its beauty and for being a great place to Tuesday and Thursday evenings, April 7-21 do outdoor activities, especially during the drier and warmer months. There is a beautiful coastline and dunes to explore, $10 Registration through ODFW plenty of rivers and lakes to navigate, mountains to climb and slide down, and thousands of miles of trails to explore. It is an explorer’s great playground full of adventure! With all that Oregon This class gives a thorough introduction to the skills hunters need, covering topics has to offer, it would be a shame not to take full advantage, which like: firearms safety, hunter ethics, wildlife identification, hunt preparation and is why Linn County 4-H proposes an explorers’ club! techniques, and outdoor survival. All youth students are required to participate in What exactly are we looking for? We are looking for youth and a live-fire exercise. Hosted by Lacomb Livestock Hunting Skills 4-H Club from Linn adult volunteers who are not afraid to explore the great outdoors County. For more information, contact Amber Beck [email protected], or in a variety of ways. Adult volunteers with extensive outdoor visit https://extension.oregonstate.edu/4h/linn/events/hunter-education-classes- experience and/or experience in teaching survival, first-aid/CPR youth and other specialized types of training are highly encouraged to volunteer. Youth who enjoy exploring the great outdoors and who like to challenge themselves are encouraged to join. Those who do not consider themselves to be an outdoor type of person, but who wish to challenge themselves are also encouraged to join the club. The Linn County Explorers Club would provide youth with a wide range of fun, challenging, and educational experiences. Trail hikes combined with land navigation, camping while learning valuable survival skills, and canoeing/kayaking combined with first-aid and CPR training are just some of the activities that would take place in the Explorers’ club. Members could also explore the world of flying by being involved in basic aviation training or by flying drones. Participants would also give back to the community by providing community service and by teaching what they have learned to others in a workshop setting. Due to the nature of most activities, the club would be directed more toward intermediate and senior level members of 4-H, but younger participants would also be involved in some of the activities. Cloverbuds could participate in less strenuous activities and in fun workshops hosted by older members of the club. Intern Tai sees 4-H program from the other side Those pleasant months for exploring the outdoors will soon be here, and the opportunity for adventure will be plentiful. Hello, my name is Tai internship has taught me in order to manage their If being involved in something like the Explorers’ club sounds Rogers. I am an intern at the about the inner workings of a programs. I have also learned intriguing to you, please consider joining. If you would like more OSU Linn County Extension countywide 4-H program, and the importance of different information, have comments, or have any questions, please Office in the 4-H program. I some statewide 4-H programs types of communication, and contact Paul Smith at [email protected] or call 541- am pursuing a Masters’ degree as well. how important it is to learn 730-3469, or come visit me at the OSU Linn County Extension in Agricultural Education with There is a lot that goes into what volunteers are most office. I look forward to hearing from you! an emphasis in Extension. My supporting a county’s youth. comfortable with. Working in career goal is to be employed Youth in the 4-H program can the 4-H program means that as an Extension agent in one design and create their own people are a part of everything of Oregon’s great counties. pathway through the program. that we do and communication Upcoming events Currently my focus is 4-H, This means the program has skills are key to working but I also have animal science many moving parts at any given with whoever your audience Fashion Revue experience. time. This concept was evident might be, whether it is youth, March 28, 9 a.m., at Linn County Extension Office. My history in 4-H goes to me while chaperoning at the adult volunteers, peers, or This contest is open to all 4-H members, cloverbud through back to when I was 9 years old High Desert Leadership Retreat. administrators. seniors in Linn County. Five different categories are included in in the meat goat project area. Along with chaperoning All these experiences have the event: 4-H gave me communication the youth I also taught two helped me to understand • Member Sewn – article of clothing made by member. skills, leadership opportunities, workshops and helped the the job of an Extension agent • My Favorite Outfit – a favorite outfit you already own. confidence, and a network to planning committee with day to in the 4-H program. Before • Ready to Wear – new clothing purchased for $25 or less and start the long journey towards day tasks. This can be stressful, the internship I only had the paired with some that you already own. a career in Extension. Being a but I am learning the value of participant view of the program • Fashion Revue Challenge – 2020 Challenge is garment or outfit member in the 4-H program taking it one day at a time. and now I understand so much inspired by your favorite book, short story, poem or other educated me about animal This internship has also more. This experience makes prose. husbandry, compassion given me some understanding my drive to be a 4-H Extension • Country of Celebration – The African Nation of Uganda, design towards others, and how of the guidelines and policies agent even greater. I am an outfit that represents the country. teamwork is better than doing that 4-H and other Extension very excited about my future everything by yourself. This programs must follow possibilities. Continued on Page 19 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 17 Brad Withrow- Jody Einerson Robinson 541-713-5000 Forestry and 541-713-5000 jody.einerson@ brad.w-r@ oregonstate.edu Natural Resources oregonstate.edu Keep Up with Weeds This Spring

Spring is the key time to • Fire prevention strategies Photo by D Photo by B rad W i thro w - R ob nson tackle many non-woody like Defensible Space focus weeds. These non-woody (also on reducing fire fuels in ave Hi bbs called “herbaceous”) plants different zones around the include grasses and many home. This often includes common flowering plants mowing strategic areas to including clovers, thistles, prevent accumulation of dry oxeye daisy, tansy ragwort, grass and other fine fuels and groundsel. There are many that could carry the fire to native and also non-native the home. To be effective, herbaceous plants in the fields fields must be mown early and forests of Oregon. and often to allow material Taking care of unwanted to rot away. June is often too plants/weeds is often an late to be very effective! Learning how to calibrate and use a backpack Shining Geranium and other invasive species can important part of taking care • Our forests are home to sprayer correctly is important if using herbicides crowd out many desirable native plants. of your land. Herbaceous weed a wide variety of native to control weeds. control is often part of these plants. Invasive plants such common objectives: as false brome, or shining • Successfully planting tree geranium can crowd out and shrub seedlings; many native woodland situations and landowner Techniques for Use in Natural Also, responsible use of • Reducing fine fuels plants, reduce the diversity objectives will justify using Areas. It is available at this site herbicides means careful defending against wildfire; and lessen the habitat value different approaches to https://www.invasive.org/ selection of appropriate • Enhancing forest diversity/ of your woodland. Keeping vegetation control. These gist/handbook.html. materials and correct improving wildlife habitat; invasives in check to favor include: manual and Often, the size of the task application methods. The PNW • Easy access and enjoyment native plants is often a key mechanical methods such as leads many people to decide to Weed Management Handbook of your property. strategy in a conservation mowing, grubbing or pulling; use some herbicides to meet plan. cultural methods such as their objectives. There are a https://pnwhandbooks. NOW is good time to get out • How can we play in our grazing; or use of chemical variety of allowable products org/weed is a vital source on your property, take a look woods with all these herbicides. How appropriate and methods to choose from. of information on safety, and assess the situation: What blackberry vines? Take each is depends somewhat It is important to be informed selection, and use of herbicides. needs to be done to accomplish control of favorite areas, on the weeds in question, about materials and rules Other information, what, by when? You might start pathways. the purpose of the action (to involved. The use of chemicals including a refresher on remove or to kill), and season in forestry is more regulated by considering any of the items backpack use and calibration, in the list above. Although you may find you of use (which has a strong than in most other rural or can be found at the Tree Topics • If you have newly planted have a clear motivation for impact on effectiveness). urban lands. Remember that seedlings, you KNOW managing invasive weeds or A good resource to explore Oregon forest practice rules Blog http://blogs.oregonstate. you will need to reduce other unwanted vegetation, those many options is the require Notification to the edu/treetopics/, by clicking on competition in the first two what to do may be less clear. TNC Weed Control Methods Oregon Department of Forestry “Weeds” in the Tags box on the years if they are to survive. Different woodland conditions, Handbook: Tools and ahead of use. right side. Oregon Season Tracker wins recognition The locally based and trains community national research partners OST Coordinator Jody Oregon Season Tracker volunteers to gather to help understand the Einerson for her excellent (OST) program received scientific data on interaction of weather, work on this project! If you an Extension Statewide precipitation and plant climate and local want to become an OST “Search for Excellence” phenology at their home, ecosystems, to the benefit observer, give Jody a call award last winter. OST woodland, farm, ranch of participants’ knowledge at 541-713-5000 or Jody. is a community science or school. These data are and understanding. Einerson@oregonstate. program that recruits shared with local and Congratulations to the edu .

18 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton Photo by B rad W i thro w - R ob nson Valley Pine Group Needs OSU Extension Forestry and Natural Resources

Your Help Mapping Stands Taking Care of Your Woodlands By Mike Barsotti, Executive to be developed for ponderosa ...a basic forestry shortcourse Director WVPPCA pine in the Willamette Valley, and the locations of stands of OFFERED IN 2 LOCATIONS Tangent: Wednesday evenings, 6:00-8:30 pm The Willamette Valley various ages on different soil Dates: March 25, April 1, 8 & 15, 2020 Ponderosa Pine Conservation types need to be measured to Sat. field session April 18th (9am-3 pm) Association (WVPPCA) is establish growth tables. Location: Linn County Extension working to quantify how This information will 33630 McFarland Rd, Tangent, OR Ponderosa pine is now a many acres, the ages, and the complement the work of an OR common tree around the locations of ponderosa pine Oregon State University grad Dallas: Thursday evenings, 6:00-8:30 pm Willamette Valley. Dates: March 26, April 2, 9 & 16, 2020 plantations in the Willamette student who used imagery and Sat. field session April 18th (9am-3 pm) This five session course is ideal for anyone Valley. GIS technology to locate and Location: Polk County Extension, who is just starting out taking care of a This information is valuable quantify pine plantations in the if you would send information 289 E Ellendale, Suite 301, Dallas, OR woodland property. Topics covered: for two reasons; it will help Willamette Valley. on the location, acres, and  Getting Started: assessing your property answer the questions: 1.What If you have or know of pine approximate age of the pine Cost: $50 individual/$60 two from the and site same family sharing materials is the future log supply? and, 2. plantations in the Willamette stand to [email protected].  What’s Going on in Your Woods?: Growth and yield tables need Valley, it would be very helpful Thank you for your help. Instructor: Brad Withrow-Robinson understanding tree biology and forest OSU Extension, Forestry & Natural Resources ecology Benton, Linn & Polk Counties  Taking Care of Your Woods: tree planting, Military Kids Club continued from Page 16 care for an established forest, weed Register deadline March 18th control are made available to those support each other with local communities to support Register Online at:  Getting it Done: safety, timber sale http://bit.ly/BentonForestry logistics, laws and regulations military family members. One whatever extra stress they may military youth in that area. In of the resources available in be experiencing being military order to grow, there will need For more information contact: Benton County Extension office 541-713-5000 Oregon is the Oregon National connected and just being a kid. to be additional volunteers and or [email protected] Guard Child & Youth Program. Each meeting so far has about staff available to help work OSU Extension Service prohibits discrimination in all its programs, services, activities, and materials. The Oregon National Guard 8-10 total youth participating. with youth. All military youth Accommodation requests related to a disability should be made by March 28 to [email protected] or 541-713-5000 Child & Youth Program is Activities at each meeting who participate in the Kids’ currently developing regional include fun icebreakers, arts Club receive a free membership programs throughout the and crafts, group fitness at their local Boys and Girls Garden Calendar continued from Page 15 state where military youth games, goal setting, and Club to continue to return and in various areas will have a reflecting on the positive in participate in the programs after blossoms fade. chance to connect, grow, and their lives’. they provide. This is part of have fun. At this point, there is Kids’ Club has now a national initiative called, Planting/propagation a pilot program called Military partnered with Marion County Mission Youth Outreach. • Plant gladioli, hardy transplants of alyssum, phlox and Kids’ Club running in Salem 4-H to continue to develop If you would like more marigolds, if weather and soil conditions permit. at the Boys and Girls Club of the program in Salem. There information about the Oregon • It’s a great time to start a vegetable garden. Among the Marion & Polk Counties. The are plans to expand the same National Guard Child & vegetables you can plant, consider: meetings take place once a program to different areas Youth Program and Military • Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, month for 2.5 hours and each throughout the state, including Kids’ Club, or you know any chard, chives, endive, leeks, lettuce, peas, radishes, rhubarb, rutabagas, spinach and turnips. month there is a new chance Linn County. The same additional volunteers, contact for the group to grow closer partnership would continue Hank Bauer and Alissa Chase Pest monitoring and management together. The youth, grades working with 4-H and the at: ng.or.orarng.lists.cyp@ • Clean up hiding places for slugs, sowbugs and millipedes. Least 2 through High School, help Boys and Girls Club in the mail.mil or call 503-584-2346. toxic management options for slugs include barriers and traps. Baits are also available for slug control; use caution around pets. Read and follow all label directions prior to using baits or Upcoming Events continued from Page 17 any other chemical control. • Monitor strawberries for spittlebugs and aphids; if present, Food Prep Contest • Quick Fix Meals • Public Speaking wash off with water or use insecticidal soap as a contact spray. Follow label directions. April 10-11, Brownsville • Measuring Contest • Illustrated Talk • If necessary, spray apples and pears when buds appear for Christian Church • Demonstration scab. This contest is open to all Communications Contest • Team Presentation • Cut and remove weeds near the garden to remove potential 4-H members, cloverbud April 21, 4 p.m., at Linn County • Impromptu sources of plant disease. through seniors in Linn Extension Office • Use floating row covers to keep insects such as beet leaf min- County. There are six different This contest is open to all For more information or to ers, cabbage maggot adult flies, and carrot rust flies away from categories included in the 4-H members, cloverbud register for any of the events susceptible crops. event: through seniors in Linn County. listed above, visit the OSU • Help prevent damping off of seedlings by providing adequate ventilation. • After School Snacks Participants may select from Linn County Extension 4-H • Manage weeds while they are small and actively growing with • Pre-Packaged Foods the following categories: web page, https://extension. light cultivation or herbicides. Once the weed has gone to bud, • Breakfast Quick Breads • Reciting Pledge for oregonstate.edu/program/4h/ herbicides are less effective. • Mini Meal Cloverbuds linn/events http://extension.oregonstate.edu/linn March-April 2020 — 19 Calendar of Events for Linn & Benton Counties FOUR RIVERS March April 4-H CAMP

* Linn and Benton Master Gardener * Linn and Benton Master Gardener Training, schedule varies, pre- Training, schedule varies, pre- registration required. registration required. 4 Gardening in the Pacific Northwest * Linn and Benton Master Food Preserver Brownbag Talk Series, Starting Seedlings SATURDAY-WEDNESDAY Volunteer Training, Tuesdays 9 a.m.-4 JUNE 20-24, 2020 for Your Home Garden, noon-1 p.m., p.m., Tangent, April 16-June 4, pre- Albany Public Library registration required. OPEN TO ALL YOUTH 4 Woodland Information Night, 4TH-8TH GRADE 1 Woodland Management, Basic Forestry Wednesday, 6:30-8:30 p.m., Benton Shortcourse, Wednesdays, 6-8:30 p.m., CAMP COST $295 County Extension, free and open to the Tangent. Pre-registration required. public. OREGON 4-H CENTER 7 BEEvent Pollinator Conference, Albany 8 Woodland Management, Basic Forestry 5390 FOUR H RD NW SALEM, OR 97304 Expo Center, registration required. Shortcourse, Wednesdays, 6-8:30 p.m., 7 Rural Living Days, Saturday, 9 a.m.- Tangent. Pre-registration required. 3 p.m., Junction City High School, 10-11 Linn County 4-H Food Prep Contest, registration required. Brownsville Christian Church, 9 Lebanon Second Monday lunchtime Brownsville Youth who have just completed grades 4th-8th are invited to attend our 4-H Summer Camp! Campers will gardening series, Perennial Herbs, noon- 13 Lebanon Second Monday lunchtime have the opportunity to participate in activities such as, swimming, archery, adventure swing, canoeing, crafts, skits, theme-based activities (Candyland) and more! 1 p.m., The Lobby Coffee Shop, Lebanon gardening series, Garden Anywhere! In REGISTER ONLINE 11 Gardening in the Pacific Northwest Raised Beds, noon-1 p.m., The Lobby (Registration opens February 3, 2020 —Debit/Credit cards accepted online) http://extension.oregonstate.edu/4h/benton/camp Brownbag Talk Series, Fruit Trees and Coffee Shop, Lebanon Berries for Small Back Yards, noon-1 Register ASAP as camp is first-come, first-served. Registration ends May 29, or whenever it reaches capacity, 15 Woodland Management, Basic Forestry whichever comes first. If you are applying for a scholarship you must submit your request prior to p.m., Albany Public Library Shortcourse, Wednesdays, 6-8:30 p.m., registering online. Contact your local extension office to obtain scholarship information.

14 Winter Wildlife Field Day, Saturday, 11 Oregon State University Extension Service prohibits discrimination in all its programs, services, activities, and materials on the basis of race, color, Tangent. Pre-registration required. national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, familial/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, genetic Information, veteran’s status, reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity. a.m.-3 p.m., Finley National Wildlife (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Accommodations for disabilities may be made by calling 541-713-5000. 16 Pacific Northwest Gardening Evening Refuge, free and open to the public. Talks, The Secret Lives of Plants, 6:30- 16 Benton County Master Gardener 7:30 p.m., Albany Public Library Association Membership Meeting, 6-8 p.m., Sunset room, Benton County 20 Benton County Master Gardener Extension Office. Topic: TBA. Open to the Association Membership Meeting, 6-8 public! p.m., Sunset room, Benton County 18 Gardening in the Pacific Northwest Extension Office. Topic: TBA. Open to the public! William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge Brownbag Talk Series, No Garden? No 26208 Finley Refuge Rd. 9 miles south of Corvallis off Highway 99 W Problem! Fruit, Berries, and Veggies in 21 Linn County 4-H Communications 9 milas sur de Corvallis fuera de Autopista 99 W Containers, noon-1 p.m., Albany Public Contest, 4 p.m., Linn County Extension Library office, Tangent 19 Pacific Northwest Gardening Evening 25 4-H Fashion Revue, Public Revue Talks, Introducing New Ornamentals 6:30pm, OSU Campus, Milam

for 2020, 6:30-7:30 p.m., Albany Public Auditorium, free and open to the For more information Para más información Library public. 541-757-7236

25 Gardening in the Pacific Northwest FREE! For "Kids" of All Ages! Brownbag Talk Series, Successfully ¡Gratis! ¡Para "Niños" de May Todas las Edades! Gardening with Physical Limitations, noon-1 p.m., Albany Public Library 2 Benton County Master Gardener Plant W A T E R : A G U A : 25 Woodland Management, Basic Forestry Sale, 9 a.m.-3 p.m., Benton County The Life in La Vida en la Shortcourse, Wednesdays, 6-8:30 p.m., Fairgrounds. Wildlife Vida Silvestre Tangent. Pre-registration required. 28 Linn County 4-H Fashion Revue, 9 a.m., Earn a Wildlife Explorer Obtenga un Parche de Explorador Linn County Extension office, Tangent Patch: de Vida Silvestre: Dissect Owl Pellets Disecar Bolitas de Búho Live Birds Aves en Vivo Fish Specimens Especímenes de Peces

Nombre): Nature Walks Name ( Paseos por la Naturaleza Correction: In the last issue of Jan/Feb GROWING, there was an error Toddler Area Área de Niñitos Winter Wildlife Stamp Passport

Bookmobile Pasaporte de Esfet ainm Wpildililfae s Biblioteca Ambulante 2020 - Water: Thel aLi Vida Silvestre his is assport. T Agua: La Vida en e of the p text he front pag is is filler r text for t assport. Th the This is fille age of the p is text for e front p ort. This text for th the passp t page of for the fron ssport. e of the pa . This is front pag passport page of the ext Pond Studies r the front his is filler t Estudios de Estanques ler text fo passport. T e This is fil age of the is text for th related to the Small Farms Program Article – For the Love of Productivity, the front p port. This text for of the pass ont page for the fr ort. of the passp Newt Obstacle Course front page Curso de Obstácules Profit, and the Environment – Nutrient Management by Teagan Moran. Partners and Volunteers / Socios y Voluntarios The article that was published under that title was the wrong article. To view the correct article you can visit the online version, (page 11 of Jan/ Feb GROWING) https://beav.es/43w

20 — March-April 2020 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/benton