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Axis Blitzkrieg: Warsaw and Battle of Britain
Axis Blitzkrieg: Warsaw and Battle of Britain By Skyla Gabriel and Hannah Seidl Background on Axis Blitzkrieg ● A military strategy specifically designed to create disorganization in enemy forces by logical firepower and mobility of forces ● Limits civilian casualty and waste of fire power ● Developed in Germany 1918-1939 as a result of WW1 ● Used in Warsaw, Poland in 1939, then with eventually used in Belgium, the Netherlands, North Africa, and even against the Soviet Union Hitler’s Plan and “The Night Before” ● Due to the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, once the Polish state was divided up, Hitler would colonize the territory and only allow the “superior race” to live there and would enslave the natives. ● On August 31, 1939 Hitler ordered Nazi S.S. troops,wearing Polish officer uniforms, to sneak into Poland. ● The troops did minor damage to buildings and equipment. ● Left dead concentration camp prisoners in Polish uniforms ● This was meant to mar the start of the Polish Invasion when the bodies were found in the morning by Polish officers Initial stages ● Initially, one of Hitler’s first acts after coming to power was to sign a nonaggression pact (January 1934) with Poland in order to avoid a French- Polish alliance before Germany could rearm. ● Through 1935- March 1939 Germany slowly gained more power through rearmament (agreed to by both France and Britain), Germany then gained back the Rhineland through militarization, annexation of Austria, and finally at the Munich Conference they were given the Sudetenland. ● Once Czechoslovakia was dismembered Britain and France responded by essentially backing Poland and Hitler responded by signing a non-aggression with the Soviet Union in the summer of 1939 ● The German-Soviet pact agreed Poland be split between the two powers, the new pact allowed Germany to attack Poland without fear of Soviet intervention The Attack ● On September 1st, 1939 Germany invaded Warsaw, Poland ● Schleswig-Holstein, a German Battleship at 4:45am began to fire on the Polish garrison in Westerplatte Fort, Danzig. -
Blitzkrieg: the Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht's
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2021 Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era Briggs Evans East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Evans, Briggs, "Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era" (2021). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3927. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3927 This Thesis - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era ________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History ______________________ by Briggs Evans August 2021 _____________________ Dr. Stephen Fritz, Chair Dr. Henry Antkiewicz Dr. Steve Nash Keywords: Blitzkrieg, doctrine, operational warfare, American military, Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe, World War II, Cold War, Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, AirLand Battle, Combined Arms Theory, mobile warfare, maneuver warfare. ABSTRACT Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era by Briggs Evans The evolution of United States military doctrine was heavily influenced by the Wehrmacht and their early Blitzkrieg campaigns during World War II. -
Rules of Play
Rodger B. MacGowan © 2018 2nd Edition Rules of Play © 2021 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com 2 Hitler’s Reich 2nd Edition ~ Rules of Play TABLE O F CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................3 9.3 Fleet Action ...................................................................12 About These Rules .................................................................3 9.4 Planning Action .............................................................12 Important Game Terms and Concepts .................................3 Contested Actions ..........................................................13 1.0 Components ......................................................................4 9.5 Event Action ..................................................................13 9.6 Attack Action .................................................................13 2.0 The Cards .........................................................................4 9.6.1 Land Attack ..............................................................13 2.1 The Conflict Decks ..........................................................4 9.6.2 Paratroop Attack .......................................................14 2.1.1 Conflict Card Hand Size ...............................................4 9.6.3 Amphibious Attack ...................................................14 2.1.2 Suits and Ties .............................................................5 9.6.4 Sea Zone Attack .......................................................15 -
Unit I Spiral Exam – World War II (75 Points Total) PLEASE DO NO
Mr. Huesken 10th Grade United States History II Unit I Spiral Exam – World War II (75 points total) PLEASE DO NO WRITE ON THIS TEST DIRECTIONS – Please answer the following multiple-choice questions with the best possible answer. No answer will be used more than once. (45 questions @ 1 point each = 45 points) 1) All of the following were leaders of totalitarian governments in the 1930’s and 1940’s except: a. Joseph Stalin b. Francisco Franco. c. Benito Mussolini d. Neville Chamberlain. 2) In what country was the Fascist party and government formed? a. Italy b. Japan c. Spain d. Germany 3) The Battle of Britain forced Germany to do what to their war plans in Europe in 1942? a. Join the Axis powers. b. Fight a three-front war. c. Put off the invasion of Britain. d. Enter into a nonaggression pact with Britain. 4) The Nazis practiced genocide toward Jews, Gypsies, and other “undesirable” peoples in Europe. What does the term “genocide” mean? a. Acting out of anti-Semitic beliefs. b. Deliberate extermination of a specific group of people. c. Terrorizing of the citizens of a nation by a government. d. Killing of people for the express purpose of creating terror. 5) The term “blitzkrieg” was a military strategy that depended on what? a. A system of fortifications. b. Out-waiting the opponent. c. Surprise and quick, overwhelming force. d. The ability to make a long, steady advance. 6) In an effort to avoid a second “world war”, when did the Britain and France adopt a policy of appeasement toward Germany? a. -
Soviet Blitzkrieg: the Battle for White Russia, 1944
EXCERPTED FROM Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944 Walter S. Dunn, Jr. Copyright © 2000 ISBNs: 978-1-55587-880-1 hc 978-1-62637-976-3 pb 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com D-FM 11/29/06 5:06 PM Page vii CONTENTS List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Introduction 1 1 The Strategic Position 17 2 Comparison of German and Soviet Units 35 3 Rebuilding the Red Army and the German Army 53 4 The Production Battle 71 5 The Northern Shoulder 83 6 Vitebsk 95 7 Bogushevsk 117 8 Orsha 139 9 Mogilev 163 10 Bobruysk 181 11 The Southern Shoulder 207 12 Conclusion 221 Appendix: Red Army Reserves 233 Bibliography 237 Index 241 About the Book 249 vii D-Intro 11/29/06 5:08 PM Page 1 INTRODUCTION he Battle for White Russia erupted south of Vitebsk on the T morning of 22 June 1944, when Russian artillery began a thun- dering barrage of over a thousand guns, mortars, and rockets that blasted away for 2 hours and 20 minutes in an 18-kilometer-long sec- tor. At the same time a Soviet fighter corps, two bomber divisions, and a ground attack division pummeled the bunkers of General Pfeiffer’s VI Corps with bombs and strafed any foolhardy German troops in the trenches with machine gun fire. The sheer weight of explosives that rained down on the German dugouts and bunkers paralyzed the defenders, especially the new replacements who had arrived during the previous few months. -
Not a Step Back by Leanne Crain
University of Hawai‘i at Hilo HOHONU 2016 Vol. 14 The beginning of the war in Russia came as a Not a Step Back surprise to the Soviet government, even though they Leanne Crain had been repeatedly warned by other countries that History 435 Nazi Germany was planning an attack on Russia, and nearly the entire first year of the German advance into Russia was met with disorganization and reactionary planning. Hitler, and indeed, most of the top military minds in Germany, had every right to feel confident in their troops. The Germans had swept across Europe, not meeting a single failure aside from the stubborn refusal of the British to cease any hostilities, and they had seen how the Soviets had failed spectacularly in their rushed invasion of Finland in the winter of 1939. The Germans had the utmost faith in their army and the success of their blitzkrieg strategy against their enemies further bolstered that faith as the Germans moved inexorably through the Ukraine and into Russian territory nearly uncontested. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact had kept Germany safe from any attack from Russia, “Such talk [of retreat] is lying and harmful, it weakens but Hitler had already planned for the eventuality of us and strengthens the enemy, because if there is no end invading Russia with Operation Barbarossa. Hitler was to the retreat, we will be left with no bread, no fuel, no convinced that the communist regime was on the verge metals, no raw materials, no enterprises, no factories, of collapse, and that the oppressed people under Stalin and no railways. -
The Winter War: Its Causes and Effects
Channels: Where Disciplines Meet Volume 2 Number 2 Spring 2018 Article 4 April 2018 The Winter War: Its Causes and Effects Ethan D. Beck Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/channels Part of the Military History Commons, Other History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Public History Commons DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Recommended Citation Beck, Ethan D. (2018) "The Winter War: Its Causes and Effects," Channels: Where Disciplines Meet: Vol. 2 : No. 2 , Article 4. DOI: 10.15385/jch.2018.2.2.4 Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/channels/vol2/iss2/4 The Winter War: Its Causes and Effects Abstract The Russo-Finnish War of 1939-1940, also known as the Winter War, forms a curious portion of World War II history that bears further study. Occurring during the “Phony War”—the period of calm following Hitler’s invasion of Poland—the Winter War offers a glimpse into the attitudes of the major powers as the growing necessity of the coming war becomes increasingly clear during 1939 and 1940. Specifically, the Winter War provides insight into Soviet imperialism and its concerns over German aggression, and forms a crucial portion of the German decision to invade Russia in the summer of 1941. -
1 of 10 Lesson Title: the Battle of Britain Subjects U. S. History, World
Lesson Title: The Battle of Britain Subjects U. S. History, World History Suggested time One 50-minute class period Grade Level 7-12 Essential Questions Why and how did the Battle of Britain take place? Why did Germany consider Great Britain to be a threat? Objective To illustrate how the advancement of technology played a significant part - along with the British Prime Minister’s leadership - in the Battle of Britain during World War II. Overview This lesson provides an overview of the German territorial expansion that happened in Europe during the 1930’s leading up to the onset of World War II along with a review of key leaders. Students will watch two short videos that focus on the key technologies that were developed to help the British military defend their homeland against Germany during the Battle of Britain. After viewing both videos, students will work with a partner to discuss and answer specific questions related to the videos. The focus will be on the importance of technology in winning the Battle of Britain tied in with the leadership of Winston Churchill. The students will be assigned a RAFT writing assignment to be completed individually. Materials Chronicles of Courage: Stories of Wartime and Innovation videos o “The Hurricane and the Battle of Britain” o “The Spitfire” Winston Churchill Quotes/Speeches o “Evacuation of Dunkirk” Referencing the evacuation at Dunkirk 1 of 10 o “Never in the field of human conflict” (the quote is the first sentence in the second to last paragraph) Referencing the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain o “Finest Hour” Referencing the need for support for all British citizens Map of Europe Royal Air Force (RAF) Pilots Information o Tom Neil – News Article Flying Heritage Collection Interview o Ken Wilkinson – News Article Flying Heritage Collection Interview Lesson RAFT Assignment to project Rubric Extension Activity Standards NCSS C3 Framework Procedure Prepare the classroom by arranging desks where students may easily work with a partner. -
Enduring the Battle of Britain and the Blitz
Running head: ENDURING THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN AND THE BLTIZ 1 Enduring the Battle of Britain and the Blitz Perseverance of the British Home Front from 1940-1941 Tyler Smith A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Fall 2016 ENDURING THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN AND THE BLITZ 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David Snead, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Michael Davis, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Andrea Beam, Ed.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Brenda Ayres, Ph.D. Honors Director ______________________________ Date ENDURING THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN AND THE BLITZ 3 Abstract The Blitz was a roughly nine-month mass bombing of London and other cities in Great Britain by the German Luftwaffe in 1940-1941. It was a time of great destruction and death but also of unity and courage among the British people. After the war had ended, Winston Churchill described how “for a year, all alone, the people of this island defied the tyrants of the world and held the fort for freedom until other great nations, themselves assailed, came into the line of battle.”1 The Germans aimed to achieve a decisive defeat of Britain. They believed that by attacking the civilian population, the people would be miserable and desperate enough to sue for peace. Instead, the opposite occurred. Great Britain unified and defied the conventional expectations, not only resisting defeat but eventually even convincing the Germans that the effort was futile. -
On War and the Winter War Robert Karnisky
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 On War and the Winter War Robert Karnisky Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES ON WAR AND THE WINTER WAR by Robert Karnisky A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Robert B. Karnisky defended on June 29, 2007. ________________________ Jonathan Grant Professor Directing Thesis ________________________ Michael Creswell Committee Member ________________________ James P. Jones Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of my committee. These include my graduate professor, Dr. Jonathan Grant, for his advice during the writing of this work, his entertaining lectures, and especially for his patience; Dr. Michael Creswell, for introducing me to military affairs and for encouraging me to pursue this topic; and Dr. James P. Jones, for his continued interest in my academic progress, and for his fifty years of teaching at Florida State. The remaining members of the faculty and staff at FSU deserve recognition for too many reasons to be recounted here – but most of all for making my experience here so enjoyable. Rarely does someone in my circumstance receive the opportunity I have been given, and I will never forget the people who made it such a positive one. -
Britain and the French Resistance 1940-1942 : a False Start Laurie West Van Hook
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 1997 Britain and the French Resistance 1940-1942 : a false start Laurie West Van Hook Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Van Hook, Laurie West, "Britain and the French Resistance 1940-1942 : a false start" (1997). Master's Theses. 1304. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses/1304 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BRITAIN AND THE FRENCH RESISTANCE 1940-1942: A FALSE START by Laurie West Van Hook M.A., University of Richmond, 1997 Dr. John D. Treadway During the Second World War, the relationship between Great Britain and the French Resistance endured endless problems.From the early days of the war, both sides misunderstood the other and created a stormy relationship, which would never mature later in the war. The French Resistance, initially small and generally fractured, frequently focusedon postwar political maneuvering rather than wartime military tactics. Unificationwas sporadic and tenuous. Charles de Gaulle offered himselfas the leader of the Resistance but lacked experience. This thesis also shows, however, that the British clungto the London-based de Gaulle hastily in the earlydays of the war but quickly decreased their support of him. Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was de Gaulle's most ardent supporter, disp1ayed ambivalence and frustration with the general. -
The Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad: The Turning Point on the Eastern Front in WWII F. Courtney Lockwood Senior Thesis 1 Contents List of Maps 3 Introduction: Setting The Stage 5 The Battle Part 1: September-November 1942 13 The Battle Part 2: November 1942-late January 1943 21 Surrender and the March into Captivity 42 National Myth: Propaganda, Vergeltung, Total War 50 The Shockwave of Stalingrad: Psychological Shift, German Morale, Shortcomings of German High Command 60 Conclusion: Russian Agency and the Legacy of Stalingrad 74 2 List of Maps German Invasion of Soviet Union 1941-1942 4 Operation Blau 9 German Advance on Stalingrad, Autumn 1942 14 Operation Uranus 21 Manstein’s Breakout Attempt/Operation Winter Storm 31 Operation Ring 38 3 ‘German Invasion of Soviet Union 1941-1942’ Source: after map in Showalter, D. (2009) Hitler’s Panzers, p. 2 4 Introduction: Setting the Stage The rise and fall of the Third Reich continues to fascinate and confuse historians today. In particular the war against Russia not only was a monumental undertaking for the Nazi State in terms of economic and military resources, but also the invasion included an inherent all or nothing attitude for the future of National Socialism. Russia tempted Germany with land, natural resources, and possibly an end to Bolshevism and Judaism. Southern Russia looked particularly ripe for Hitler as he focused on gaining control of the lucrative grain and oilfields in the Caucuses. A total victory in Russia also spelled out the demise of the Jews and Communists, as Hitler believed Judaism and Bolshevism were intertwined and the extermination of both would allow the Aryan race and ethnic Germans to assert their supremacy.