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November Booklet Part 1.Cdr November 1, 2016 Reign ('kklu) in Spain TOPICS - World, Spain, politics. “Rajoy is the only creature that advances (vkxs c<+uk) without moving,” noted a former socialist (lektoknh) premier (iz/ku) caustically (rh[ksiu ls), just ahead of (ls igys) the return on Saturday of the conservative (:f<+oknh) leader as Prime Minister after an unprecedented (bfrgkl esa igyh ckj) 10-month’ political impasse (xfrjks/) in Spain. Mariano Rajoy not only endured (cnkZLr djuk) the uncertainties (vfuf'prrk) and frustrations (fujk'kk) of his inability (v;ksX;rk) to put together (,d lkFk) a coalition (xBca/u) after his conservative People’s Party polled (ernku gksuk) the largest number of seats in the two inconclusive (vfu.kkZ;d) elections (pquko) since December 2015, but patiently (/S;Z iwoZd) watched his opponents’ prospects (laHkkouk) fade away (detksj gksuk). But despite his instinct (LoHkko) for political survival (cpuk), he heads (ekxZn'kZu djuk) a government that nobody really (okLrfod :i ls) wants. As Prime Minister, Mr. Rajoy enjoyed (vkuan ysuk) an absolute (iw.kZ) majority (cgqer) during his first term (2011-15). The clear mandate (tukns'k) enabled (;ksX; gksuk) him to push through a round of painful economic reforms (lq/kj) after the country’s housing and credit bubble (vklkj) went bust (fnokfy;k gksuk) by the end of the last decade. He now leads (usr`Ro djuk) a minority (vYila[;d) government in alliance (xBca/u) with the centrist (dsUnzoknh) Ciudadanos, facing (Lkkeuk djuk) a difficult but definite prospect of continued (yxkrkj) gridlock (xfrjks/) over every legislative (dkuwuh) initiative ('kq:vkr). His biggest test will be to win (thruk) parliamentary (lalnh;) backing (leFkZu) to meet the fiscal (foÙkh;) deficit (?kkVk) targets (y{; lk/uk) that Madrid has agreed with (lger gksuk) Brussels. A threat ([krjk) to call fresh elections is the only real trump card (,slh pky tks iQk;nk nsa) in his pocket. Mr. Rajoy’s rivals (izfr;ksxh) are too weak to be able to fully capitalise (iwath cukuk) on his woes (ladV). Recently (lEesyu) the principal opposition party, the Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE), was forced (ckè; djuk) to eat humble pie (ukd jxM+uk) when it decided, not without internal (vkarfjd) differences (Hksn), to abstain (NqVdkjk izkIr djuk) in a parliamentary vote on Mr. Rajoy’s candidacy (mEehnokjh), only to breathe (thfor jguk) life into the minority government of its ideological (oSpkfjd) opponent (fojks/h). Had the PSOE adopted (viukuk) such a course (jkLrk) after the elections in June, it might have salvaged (cpkuk) its image somewhat (dqN) by being seen as acting in the national (ns'k) interest (fgr). The option (fodYi) the party pursued (vuqdj.k djuk) instead, that of a coalition (xBca/u) with the extreme left Podemos party, only prolonged (yack) the gridlock (xfrjks/). Podemos once rode (lokj gksuk) the wave (ygj) of popular anger (Øks/) against (ds f[kykiQ) economic (vkfFkZd) austerity (l[rrk). For now, it must rest (fojks/h) content with the accomplishment (laiknu) of breaking Spain’s two-party dominance (izHkqRo) . The party’s hopes (vk'kk) lie (jguk) in a consolidation (etcqrhdj.k) of its base (vk/kj) as the platform of the genuine left, as distinct (fHkUu) from the centrist (dsUnzoknh) PSOE. The scenario (n`';) is reminiscent (;kn djkus okyk) of another imbroglio (vO;oLFkk), that of Belgium going without a government for more than 18 months a few years ago on the question of regional (izknsf'kd) autonomy (Lok;Ùkrk) between Flanders and Wallonia. Political fragmentation (fo[kaMu) is an inescapable (ftlls cpk ugha tk lds) fact (RkF;) in the evolution (fodk'k) of democratic (iztkrkaf+=kd) governance. Peaceful reconciliation (le>kSrk) of competing (izfr;ksxh) interests (:fp) is the art (dyk) and imperative (vfrvko';d) of political practice (vH;kl), as Mr. Rajoy is now finding out (rkyk'k djuk). November 2, 2016 School’s out in Kashmir TOPICS - India, Jammu and Kashmir, education, school It is almost four months since the unrest in Kashmir began following the killing of Hizbul Mujahideen ‘commander’ Burhan Wani. Protests, intermittent violence and long stretches of curfew have continued to put normal life on hold. Delegations of civil society representatives as well as politicians have’ attempted to reach out to separatists and find a way to bring calm to the streets, but to little avail. In fact, the opposite is happening with increasing mindless arson attacks on schools over the past two months. By one count, 27 schools, most of them government-run, have been set afire so far in the Valley over this period. No one has yet claimed responsibility for these attacks. The government has blamed the separatists for encouraging the arson. In turn, the separatists charge the administration of failing to protect the schools. Amidst all this blame-shifting, it is disturbing that separatist leaders such as Syed Ali Shah Geelani have not condemned the acts of violence outright. Their equivocation must be called out, even as the Jammu and Kashmir High Court has directed the government to reopen all the schools despite the separatists’ shutdown call. It is against this backdrop, of life thrown out of gear and specific targeting of school buildings, that students have been rattled by the government’s plan to conduct State Board examinations in the second half of November. The government needs to assure them of adequate security to address their anxieties. The situation is reminiscent of the early 1990s. Hundreds of schools had been targeted then. Disrupting the school calendar is one of the oldest tricks in the insurgents’ playbook. It sends out the signal that the administration is not in full control. And it heightens anxiety among the local population that their children’s life chances are doubtful, thereby reinforcing popular disaffection and alienation. However, the occasional occupation of school buildings by the security forces also makes them a symbol of the state, and a soft target for militants. The government must abandon the practice of using schools to solve logistical problems. Moreover, while the State government focusses on getting students back to school, to be successful this effort must be embedded in a purposeful, urgent plan to return normalcy to the State, especially south Kashmir that has been the epicentre of the protests and violence. The disruption in the academic calendar in the Valley is an outcome of the prevailing unrest. Resumption of the rhythms of normal life is essential to end this disruption. Something has to give. The people of Kashmir need a break from this long and tragic season of protests, shutdowns and curfew. November 2, 2016 School’s out in Kashmir (dk'ehj es Ldwy can) TOPICS - India, Jammu and Kashmir, education, school. It is almost (yxHkx) four months since (tcls) the unrest (v'kkafr) in Kashmir began ('kq: gksuk) following (ds ckn) the killing of Hizbul Mujahideen ‘commander’ Burhan Wani. Protests (fojks/) , intermittent (va/k/qa/) violence (fgalk) and long (yack) stretches (vof/) of curfew (fu"ks/kKk) have continued (yxkrkj’ gksuk) to put normal life on hold (vxys le; rd ds fy, fcyac djuk). Delegations (izfrfuf/ eaMy) of civil society representatives (izfrfuf/) as well as politicians (jktuhfrK) have attempted (iz;kl djuk) to reach out (igq¡p cukuk) to separatists (vyxkooknh) and find a way to bring (ykuk) calm ('kkfr) to the streets (xfy;ksa ;k jkLrksa esa) , but to little avail (izkfIr) . In fact (okLRo esa), the opposite (fojks/h yksx) is happening with increasing (c<+rs gq,) mindless (csdkj dk) arson (vkxtuh) attacks (geyk) on schools over the past two months. By one count (,d fxurh ls) , 27 schools, most of them government-run (ljdkj ds }kjk), have been set afire (vkx yxkuk) so far (vcrd) in the Valley (?kkVh) over this period. No one has yet (vcrd) claimed (nkok djuk) responsibility (ftEesokjh) for these attacks. The government has blamed (nks"k yxkuk) the separatists (vyxkooknh) for encouraging (mdlkuk) the arson. In turn (ikjh esa) , the separatists charge the administration (iz'kklu) of failing (vliQy gksuk) to protect (lqj{kk djuk) the schools. Amidst (ds chp esa) all this blame-shifting (,d nwljs ij nks"k yxkuk) , it is disturbing (v'kkafr) that separatist leaders such as Syed Ali Shah Geelani have not condemned (fuank djuk) the acts (dk;Z) of violence(fgalk) outright (rRdky). Their equivocation (nksgjk vFkZ) must be called out (dke can djus cksyuk), even as the Jammu and Kashmir High Court has directed (fn'kk funsZ'k nsuk) the government to reopen ([kksyuk) all the schools despite (ds ckotwn) the separatists’ shutdown call (vyxkooknh ds can ds vkg~oku ). It is against this backdrop (fiNyh ?kVuk), of life thrown out of gear (fu;a=k.k ls ckgj) and specific (fo'ks"k) targeting (y{;) of school buildings, that students have been rattled (mÙksftr) by the government’s plan to conduct (laiknu djuk) State Board examinations in the second half of November. The government needs (vko';drk gksuk) to assure (vk'oklu nsuk) them of adequate (i;kZIr) security (lqj{kk) to address (leL;k dk lek/ku djuk) their anxieties (fpark) . The situation (ifjfLFkfr) is reminiscent (;kn djkus okyk) of the early 1990s. Hundreds of schools had been targeted (fu'kku lk/k tkuk) then. Disrupting (ijs'kku djuk) the school calendar is one of the oldest tricks (pky) in the insurgents’ playbook (dke djus dh lwph) . It sends out (iznku djuk) the signal that the administration (iz'kklu) is not in full control (fu;a=k.k) . And it heightens (c<+kuk) anxiety (fpark) among (ds chp esa) the local population (tula[;k) that their children’s life chances (volj) are doubtful ('kadk;qDr) , thereby (iQyLo:i) reinforcing (leFkZu djuk) popular (yksdfiz;) disaffection (vlarks"k) and alienation (vyxkookn).
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