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Linux on a Stick Everyone Knows You Can Boot Linux from a Live CD, but Have You Thought About Putting Linux on a Compact and Highly Portable USB
KNOW HOW Memory Stick Linux Booting Linux from a USB Memory Stick Linux on a Stick Everyone knows you can boot Linux from a live CD, but have you thought about putting Linux on a compact and highly portable USB memory stick? BY FABRIZIO CIACCHI bootable “live” CD like Knoppix much more common. Part of our pur- ent from DSL, but it includes more [1] or Kanotix [2] gives the user a pose is to create an inexpensive system, software (about 14 MB plus), and it Afully portable operating environ- so I will base this discussion on the stan- has already been refined and tested for ment. You can carry your system with dard and very common 128 MB size. USB devices. you and boot it from anywhere. However, the procedure I describe in this • Flonix [8]: Flonix is also based on Your tools, your files, and your work- article can also be used to put a larger DSL, but it uses some different pro- space will follow you wherever you go – Knoppix-based distribution on a larger grams (for instance, IceWM instead even to another PC with a different USB memory stick. of Fluxbox). The Flonix project also operating system. Live CDs are also used Assuming you want room to work and introduced a useful web install by system administrators for trouble- store documents, it is a good idea to only process. Ultimately, Flonix was so shooting computers that won’t boot use half of the available space (64 MB) successful that it become a commer- normally. for the Linux system and related tools. -
Operating System Boot from Fully Encrypted Device
Masaryk University Faculty of Informatics Operating system boot from fully encrypted device Bachelor’s Thesis Daniel Chromik Brno, Fall 2016 Replace this page with a copy of the official signed thesis assignment and the copy of the Statement of an Author. Declaration Hereby I declare that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out by my own. All sources, references and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Daniel Chromik Advisor: ing. Milan Brož i Acknowledgement I would like to thank my advisor, Ing. Milan Brož, for his guidance and his patience of a saint. Another round of thanks I would like to send towards my family and friends for their support. ii Abstract The goal of this work is description of existing solutions for boot- ing Linux and Windows from fully encrypted devices with Secure Boot. Before that, though, early boot process and bootloaders are de- scribed. A simple Linux distribution is then set up to boot from a fully encrypted device. And lastly, existing Windows encryption solutions are described. iii Keywords boot process, Linux, Windows, disk encryption, GRUB 2, LUKS iv Contents 1 Introduction ............................1 1.1 Thesis goals ..........................1 1.2 Thesis structure ........................2 2 Boot Process Description ....................3 2.1 Early Boot Process ......................3 2.2 Firmware interfaces ......................4 2.2.1 BIOS – Basic Input/Output System . .4 2.2.2 UEFI – Unified Extended Firmware Interface .5 2.3 Partitioning tables ......................5 2.3.1 MBR – Master Boot Record . -
Oracle® Linux Administrator's Solutions Guide for Release 6
Oracle® Linux Administrator's Solutions Guide for Release 6 E37355-64 August 2017 Oracle Legal Notices Copyright © 2012, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. -
White Paper: Indestructible Firewall in a Box V1.0 Nick Mccubbins
White Paper: Indestructible Firewall In A Box v1.0 Nick McCubbins 1.1 Credits • Nathan Yawn ([email protected]) 1.2 Acknowledgements • Firewall-HOWTO • Linux Router Project • LEM 1.3 Revision History • Version 1.0 First public release 1.4 Feedback • Send all information and/or criticisms to [email protected] 1.5 Distribution Policy 2 Abstract In this document, the procedure for creating an embedded firewall whose root filesystem is loaded from a flash disk and then executed from a RAMdisk will be illustrated. A machine such as this has uses in many environments, from corporate internet access to sharing of a cable modem or xDSL connection among many computers. It has the advantages of being very light and fast, being impervious to filesystem corruption due to power loss, and being largely impervious to malicious crackers. The type of firewall illustrated herein is a simple packet-filtering, masquerading setup. Facilities for this already exist in the Linux kernel, keeping the system's memory footprint small. As such the device lends itself to embedding very well. For a more detailed description of firewall particulars, see the Linux Firewall-HOWTO. 3 Equipment This project has minimal hardware requirements. An excellent configuration consists of: For a 100-baseT network: • SBC-554 Pentium SBC with PISA bus and on-board PCI NIC (http://www.emacinc.com/pc.htm#pentiumsbc), approx. $373 • PISA backplane, chassis, power supply (http://www.emacinc.com/sbcpc_addons/mbpc641.htm), approx. $305 • Second PCI NIC • 32 MB RAM • 4 MB M-Systems Flash Disk (minimum), approx. $45 For a 10-baseT network: • EMAC's Standard Server-in-a-Box product (http://www.emacinc.com/server_in_a_box.htm), approx. -
IBM Power Systems Private Cloud Solution Is Enhanced to Support Selected SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Subscriptions As Shared Utility Capacity Resources
IBM United States Hardware Announcement 121-045, dated April 20, 2021 IBM Power Systems Private Cloud Solution is enhanced to support selected SUSE Linux Enterprise Server subscriptions as Shared Utility Capacity resources Table of contents 1 Overview 1 Description 1 Key requirements 2 Order now 1 Effective date Overview The IBM(R) Power(R) Systems Private Cloud Solution with Shared Utility Capacity was initially launched with support to share Base processor and memory hardware resources, as well as AIX(R) and IBM i license entitlements, across a collection of similar Power servers in an enterprise. Now, selected SUSE Linux(R) Enterprise Server (SLES) subscription offerings will be supported as Base and Metered Capacity resources within an IBM Power Enterprise Pool (2.0) of IBM Power System E980 or E950 servers. Key requirements • For Linux metering, HMC 950 is required. Effective date April 30, 2021 Description SUSE Linux Enterprise Server subscription offerings will now be monitored, shared as Base Capacity, and made available as pay-per-use Metered Capacity resources when a Power Enterprise Pool (2.0) consisting of Power E980 or Power E950 systems is started: 5639-15S 5639-12S SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for Power with Base 1 - 2 Socket, Unlimited LPAR and Priority Subscription or Priority Subscription/Support features 5639-SAP SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications for Power with 1 - 2 Socket, Unlimited LPAR and Priority Subscription or Priority Subscription/Support features Base Capacity resources may be shared across systems within a pool. SLES Base subscription entitlement for each system will be set to the number of cores available in the quantity of sockets entitled by the current, valid subscription for that system IBM United States Hardware Announcement 121-045 IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation 1 (the number of cores per chip multiplied by the quantity of sockets acquired in the current subscription). -
Current Status of OFED in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Current Status of OFED in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server John Jolly Senior Software Engineer SUSE Agenda 2 λAbout SUSE λAbout SUSE Linux Enterprise Server λOFED Integration into SLES λFuture Direction of OFED in SLES SUSE and the Attachmate Group λSUSE , headquartered in Nürnberg / Germany, λis an independently operating business unit of λThe Attachmate Group, Inc. λThe Attachmate Group is a privately held λ1 billion+ $ revenue software company λwith four brands: •Cloud Infrastructure •Enterprise Computing •Integrated Systems SUSE® Linux Enterprise How We Build It Online Repository Source Package Image OBS OBS user submits source to OBS and gets a product SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server 12 Lifecyle Model •13-year lifecycle (10 years general support, 3 years extended support) •5-year lifecycle per Service Pack (2 years general + 3 years extended support) •Long Term Service Pack Support (LTSS) available for all versions, including GA http://www.suse.com/lifecycle/ Unique Tools Included λAppArmor Security Framework -Application confinement λFree High Availability Extension -Cluster Framework, Cluster FS, DRBD, GEO-cluster* λYaST2 systems management -Install, deploy, and configure every aspect of the server λSubscription Management Tool -Subscription and patch management, proxy/mirroring/staging λStarter System for System z -A pre-built installation server, deployable with z/VM tools Features of SLES 12 λLinux Kernel 3.12 λOnly 64-bit kernel -Support of 32-bit application through execution environment λYaST modules written in Ruby λOFED 3.12 -Significant -
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems Abstract: Chapter 3 provides a complete coverage on operating systems booting. It explains the booting principle and the booting sequence of various kinds of bootable devices. These include booting from floppy disk, hard disk, CDROM and USB drives. Instead of writing a customized booter to boot up only MTX, it shows how to develop booter programs to boot up real operating systems, such as Linux, from a variety of bootable devices. In particular, it shows how to boot up generic Linux bzImage kernels with initial ramdisk support. It is shown that the hard disk and CDROM booters developed in this book are comparable to GRUB and isolinux in performance. In addition, it demonstrates the booter programs by sample systems. 3.1. Booting Booting, which is short for bootstrap, refers to the process of loading an operating system image into computer memory and starting up the operating system. As such, it is the first step to run an operating system. Despite its importance and widespread interests among computer users, the subject of booting is rarely discussed in operating system books. Information on booting are usually scattered and, in most cases, incomplete. A systematic treatment of the booting process has been lacking. The purpose of this chapter is to try to fill this void. In this chapter, we shall discuss the booting principle and show how to write booter programs to boot up real operating systems. As one might expect, the booting process is highly machine dependent. To be more specific, we shall only consider the booting process of Intel x86 based PCs. -
Mysql and Linux/Unix Abstract
MySQL and Linux/Unix Abstract This is the MySQL Linux extract from the MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual. For legal information, see the Legal Notices. For help with using MySQL, please visit the MySQL Forums, where you can discuss your issues with other MySQL users. Document generated on: 2021-09-23 (revision: 70881) Table of Contents Preface and Legal Notices ............................................................................................................ v 1 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries ............................................................... 1 2 Installing MySQL on Linux ......................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository ........................................... 6 2.2 Replacing a Third-Party Distribution of MySQL Using the MySQL Yum Repository .............. 9 2.3 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository ......................................... 11 2.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository ....................................... 11 2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle ......................................... 12 2.6 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle ...................................... 15 2.7 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories .................................... 16 2.8 Deploying MySQL on Linux with Docker ....................................................................... -
Linux Boot Loaders Compared
Linux Boot Loaders Compared L.C. Benschop May 29, 2003 Copyright c 2002, 2003, L.C. Benschop, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Per- mission is granted to make verbatim copies of this document. This is version 1.1 which has some minor corrections. Contents 1 introduction 2 2 How Boot Loaders Work 3 2.1 What BIOS does for us . 3 2.2 Parts of a boot loader . 6 2.2.1 boot sector program . 6 2.2.2 second stage of boot loader . 7 2.2.3 Boot loader installer . 8 2.3 Loading the operating system . 8 2.3.1 Loading the Linux kernel . 8 2.3.2 Chain loading . 10 2.4 Configuring the boot loader . 10 3 Example Installations 11 3.1 Example root file system and kernel . 11 3.2 Linux Boot Sector . 11 3.3 LILO . 14 3.4 GNU GRUB . 15 3.5 SYSLINUX . 18 3.6 LOADLIN . 19 3.7 Where Can Boot Loaders Live . 21 1 4 RAM Disks 22 4.1 Living without a RAM disk . 22 4.2 RAM disk devices . 23 4.3 Loading a RAM disk at boot time . 24 4.4 The initial RAM disk . 24 5 Making Diskette Images without Diskettes 25 6 Hard Disk Installation 26 7 CD-ROM Installation 29 8 Conclusions 31 1 introduction If you use Linux on a production system, you will only see it a few times a year. If you are a hobbyist who compiles many kernels or who uses many operating systems, you may see it several times per day. -
CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise
CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise Lab 9: Backup and Restore Fall 2008 Lab 9: Backup and Restore The purpose of this lab is to explore the different types of backups and methods of restoring them. We will look at three utilities often used for backups and learn the advantages and disadvantages of each. Supplies • VMWare Server 1.05 or higher • Benji VM Preconfiguration • Labs 6 and Labs 7 completed on a pristine Benji VM [root@benji /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 382 3068383+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 383 447 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 448 511 514080 83 Linux /dev/sda4 512 652 1132582+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 512 549 305203+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 550 556 56196 83 Linux /dev/sda7 557 581 200781 83 Linux [root@benji /]# [root@benji /]# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda5 on /opt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda3 on /var type ext3 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) /dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,usrquota) [root@benji /]# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=/1 / ext3 defaults 1 1 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 LABEL=/home /home ext3 usrquota,defaults 1 2 [root@benji /]# Forum If you get stuck on one of the steps below don’t beat your head against the wall. -
Kdump, a Kexec-Based Kernel Crash Dumping Mechanism
Kdump, A Kexec-based Kernel Crash Dumping Mechanism Vivek Goyal Eric W. Biederman Hariprasad Nellitheertha IBM Linux NetworkX IBM [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract important consideration for the success of a so- lution has been the reliability and ease of use. Kdump is a crash dumping solution that pro- Kdump is a kexec based kernel crash dump- vides a very reliable dump generation and cap- ing mechanism, which is being perceived as turing mechanism [01]. It is simple, easy to a reliable crash dumping solution for Linux R . configure and provides a great deal of flexibility This paper begins with brief description of what in terms of dump device selection, dump saving kexec is and what it can do in general case, and mechanism, and plugging-in filtering mecha- then details how kexec has been modified to nism. boot a new kernel even in a system crash event. The idea of kdump has been around for Kexec enables booting into a new kernel while quite some time now, and initial patches for preserving the memory contents in a crash sce- kdump implementation were posted to the nario, and kdump uses this feature to capture Linux kernel mailing list last year [03]. Since the kernel crash dump. Physical memory lay- then, kdump has undergone significant design out and processor state are encoded in ELF core changes to ensure improved reliability, en- format, and these headers are stored in a re- hanced ease of use and cleaner interfaces. This served section of memory. Upon a crash, new paper starts with an overview of the kdump de- kernel boots up from reserved memory and pro- sign and development history. -
SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server ("SLES ™")11 SP1 Novell® Software License Agreement
SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server ("SLES ™")11 SP1 Novell® Software License Agreement PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. BY INSTALLING OR OTHERWISE USING THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING ITS COMPONENTS), YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THESE TERMS, DO NOT DOWNLOAD, INSTALL OR USE THE SOFTWARE. RIGHTS AND LICENSES This Novell Software License Agreement (“Agreement”) is a legal agreement between You (an entity or a person) and Novell, Inc. (“Novell”). The software product identified in the title of this Agreement, any media and accompanying documentation (collectively the “Software”) is protected by the copyright laws and treaties of the United States (“U.S.”) and other countries and is subject to the terms of this Agreement. Any update or support release to the Software that You may download or receive that is not accompanied by a license agreement expressly superseding this Agreement is Software and governed by this Agreement. If the Software is an update or support release, then You must have validly licensed the version and quantity of the Software being updated or supported in order to install or use the update or support release. The Software is a modular operating system comprised of numerous components that may be accompanied by separate license terms. The Software is a collective work of Novell; although Novell does not own the copyright to every component of the Software, Novell owns the collective work copyright for the Software. Most of the components are open source packages, developed independently, and accompanied by separate license terms. Your license rights with respect to individual components accompanied by separate license terms are defined by those terms; nothing in this agreement shall restrict, limit, or otherwise affect any rights or obligations You may have, or conditions to which You may be subject, under such license terms; however, if You distribute copies of any component independent of the Software, You must remove all Novell trademarks, trade dress, and logos from each copy.