Information Security Plan
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A Theory on Information Security
Australasian Conference on Information Systems Horne et al. 2016, Wollongong, Australia A Theory on Information Security A Theory on Information Security Craig A. Horne Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia Email: [email protected] Atif Ahmad Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia Email: [email protected] Sean B. Maynard Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper proposes a theory on information security. We argue that information security is imperfectly understood and aim to bring about an altered understanding of why efforts are made to engage in information security. The goal of information security is widely recognised as the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information however we argue that the goal is actually to simply create resources. This paper responds to calls for more theory in information systems, places the discussion in philosophical context and compares various definitions. It then identifies the key concepts of information security, describes the relationships between these concepts, as well as scope and causal explanations. The paper provides the theoretical base for understanding why information is protected, in addition to theoretical and practical implications and suggestions for future research. Keywords Information security, resources, controls, threats, theory development. 1 Australasian Conference on Information Systems Horne et al. 2016, Wollongong, Australia A Theory on Information Security 1 INTRODUCTION Despite the concept of information security being very well established, the reasons and motivations behind it are imperfectly understood. This paper seeks to explain how and why the phenomena that comprise the concepts of information security occur. -
Data and Database Security and Controls
1 Handbook of Information Security Management, Auerbach Publishers, 1993, pages 481-499. DATA AND DATABASE SECURITY AND CONTROLS Ravi S. Sandhu and Sushil Jajodia Center for Secure Information Systems & Department of Information and Software Systems Engineering George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 Telephone: 703-993-1659 1 Intro duction This chapter discusses the topic of data security and controls, primarily in the context of Database Management Systems DBMSs. The emphasis is on basic principles and mechanisms, which have b een successfully used by practitioners in actual pro ducts and systems. Where appropriate, the limitations of these techniques are also noted. Our discussion fo cuses on principles and general concepts. It is therefore indep endent of any particular pro duct except for section 7 which discusses some pro ducts. In the more detailed considerations we limit ourselves sp eci cally to relational DBMSs. The reader is assumed to be familiar with rudimentary concepts of relational databases and SQL. A brief review of essential concepts is given in the app endix. The chapter b egins with a review of basic security concepts in section 2. This is followed, in section 3, by a discussion of access controls in the current generation of commercially available DBMSs. Section 4 intro duces the problem of multilevel security. It is shown that the techniques of section 3 are inadequate to solve this problem. Additional techniques develop ed for multilevel security are reviewed. Sec- tion 5, discusses the various kinds of inference threats that arise in a database system, and discusses metho ds that have b een develop ed for dealing with them. -
A Tool for Protecting Children's Privacy Online☆
Decision Support Systems 54 (2013) 1161–1173 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Decision Support Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dss POCKET: A tool for protecting children's privacy online☆ France Bélanger a, Robert E. Crossler b,⁎, Janine S. Hiller c, Jung-Min Park d, Michael S. Hsiao d a 850 Drillfield Drive, Suite 3007, Blacksburg, VA 24061–0101, USA b PO Box 9581, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA c 850 Drillfield Drive, Suite 2120, Blacksburg, VA 24061–0221, USA d 1185 Perry St. Room 302, Blacksburg, VA 24061–0111, USA article info abstract Article history: Children's privacy in the online environment has become critical. Use of the Internet is increasing for com- Received 3 August 2011 mercial purposes, in requests for information, and in the number of children who use the Internet for casual Received in revised form 12 September 2012 web surfing, chatting, games, schoolwork, e-mail, interactive learning, and other applications. Often, websites Accepted 11 November 2012 hosting these activities ask for personal information such as name, e-mail, street address, and phone number. Available online 19 November 2012 In the United States, the children's online privacy protection act (COPPA) of 1998 was enacted in reaction to widespread collection of information from children and subsequent abuses identified by the Federal Trade Keywords: Information privacy Commission (FTC). COPPA is aimed at protecting a child's privacy by requiring parental consent before Privacy collecting information from children under the age of 13. To date, however, the business practices used COPPA and the technical approaches employed to comply with COPPA fail to protect children's online privacy effec- Children tively. -
Information Security Essentials Definition of Information Security
Computing Services Information Security Office Information Security Essentials Definition of Information Security Information security is the protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, destruction or disruption. The three objectives of information security are: • Confidentiality • Integrity • Availability Confidentiality Confidentiality refers to the protection of information from unauthorized access or disclosure. Ensuring confidentiality is ensuring that those who are authorized to access information are able to do so and those who are not authorized are prevented from doing so. Integrity Integrity refers to the protection of information from unauthorized modification or destruction. Ensuring integrity is ensuring that information and information systems are accurate, complete and uncorrupted. Availability Availability refers to the protection of information and information systems from unauthorized disruption. Ensuring availability is ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information and information systems. Information Security Policy Carnegie Mellon has adopted an Information Security Policy as a measure to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of institutional data as well as any information systems that store, process or transmit institutional data. Institutional data is defined as any data that is owned or licensed by the university. Information system is defined as any electronic system that stores, processes or transmits information. Policies • Throughout its lifecycle, all Institutional Data shall be protected in a manner that is considered reasonable and appropriate given the level of sensitivity, value and criticality that the Institutional Data has to the University. • Any Information System that stores, processes or transmits Institutional Data shall be secured in a manner that is considered reasonable and appropriate given the level of sensitivity, value and criticality that the Institutional Data has to the University. -
Privacy-Enhancing Technologies for the Internet
Privacy-enhancing technologies for the Internet Ian Goldberg David Wagner Eric Brewer University of California, Berkeley iang,daw,brewer ¡ @cs.berkeley.edu Abstract ing privacy issues on the Internet, and Section 3 provides some relevant background. We then discuss Internet pri- The increased use of the Internet for everyday activi- vacy technology chronologically, in three parts: Section 4 ties is bringing new threats to personal privacy. This pa- describes the technology of yesterday, Section 5 explains per gives an overview of existing and potential privacy- today’s technology, and Section 6 explores the technology enhancing technologies for the Internet, as well as moti- of tomorrow. Finally, we conclude in Section 7. vation and challenges for future work in this field. 2. Motivation 1. Introduction The threats to one’s privacy on the Internet are two-fold: your online actions could be (1) monitored by unauthorized Recently the Internet has seen tremendous growth, with parties and (2) logged and preserved for future access many the ranks of new users swelling at ever-increasing rates. years later. You might not realize that your personal infor- This expansion has catapulted it from the realm of academic mation has been monitored, logged, and subsequently dis- research towards new-found mainstream acceptance and in- closed; those who would compromise your privacy have no creased social relevance for the everyday individual. Yet incentive to warn you. this suddenly increased reliance on the Internet has the po- The threat of long-term storage and eventual disclosure tential to erode personal privacies we once took for granted. of personal information is especially acute on the Internet. -
Application of Bioinformatics Methods to Recognition of Network Threats
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Paper Application of bioinformatics methods to recognition of network threats Adam Kozakiewicz, Anna Felkner, Piotr Kijewski, and Tomasz Jordan Kruk Abstract— Bioinformatics is a large group of methods used in of strings cacdbd and cawxb, character c is mismatched biology, mostly for analysis of gene sequences. The algorithms with w, both d’s and the x are opposite spaces, and all developed for this task have recently found a new application other characters are in matches. in network threat detection. This paper is an introduction to this area of research, presenting a survey of bioinformatics Definition 2 (from [2]) : A global multiple alignment of methods applied to this task, outlining the individual tasks k > 2 strings S = S1,S2,...,Sk is a natural generalization and methods used to solve them. It is argued that the early of alignment for two strings. Chosen spaces are inserted conclusion that such methods are ineffective against polymor- into (or at either end of) each of the k strings so that the re- phic attacks is in fact too pessimistic. sulting strings have the same length, defined to be l. Then Keywords— network threat analysis, sequence alignment, edit the strings are arrayed in k rows of l columns each, so distance, bioinformatics. that each character and space of each string is in a unique column. Alignment is necessary, since evolutionary processes intro- 1. Introduction duce mutations in the DNA and biologists do not know, whether nth symbol in one sequence indeed corresponds to When biologists discover a new gene, its function is not al- the nth symbol of the other sequence – a shift is probable. -
Counter-Forensic Privacy Tools a Forensic Evaluation
Counter-Forensic Privacy Tools A Forensic Evaluation Matthew Geiger, Lorrie Faith Cranor June 2005 CMU-ISRI-05-119 Institute for Software Research, International, Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 Abstract Modern operating systems and the applications that run on them generate copious amounts of data about their users’ activity. Users are increasingly aware of their privacy exposure from these records and from digital artifacts that linger after files are “deleted” on computers they use. Efforts to redress this privacy exposure have spawned a range of counter-forensic privacy tools – software designed to irretrievably eliminate records of computer system usage and other sensitive data. In this paper, we use forensic tools and techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of six counter-forensic software packages. The results highlight some significant shortfalls in the implementation and approach of these tools, leading to privacy concerns about the exposure of sensitive data. The findings also raise questions about the level of privacy protection that is realistic to expect from these tools, and others that take a similar approach. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................3 Background.........................................................................................5 Testing Methodology.............................................................................7 Privacy tool testing...............................................................................9 -
New-Age Supercomputers: Hi-Speed Networks and Information Security
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2019; 7(3): 82-86 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jeee doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20190703.12 ISSN: 2329-1613 (Print); ISSN: 2329-1605 (Online) New-age Supercomputers: Hi-Speed Networks and Information Security Andrey Molyakov Institute of Information Technologies and Cybersecurity, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia Email address: To cite this article: Andrey Molyakov. New-age Supercomputers: Hi-Speed Networks and Information Security. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Special Issue: Science Innovation . Vol. 7, No. 3, 2019, pp. 82-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20190703.12 Received : August 18, 2019; Accepted : September 21, 2019; Published : October 9, 2019 Abstract: The author describes computing strategic tasks that are used for ensuring defense and national security, the most important scientific, technical, biomedical and sociology tasks. Most typically, these are capability-based tasks. Supercomputers for their solution are respectively called Technical Capability, i.e. machines of extreme technical capabilities. Machines of this segment are also called High End Computers (HEC), and in our terminology - strategic supercomputers (SCs). Moving to the engineering level, author says that for tasks with good spatio-temporal work with memory, cache memory and schemes for automatically pre-loading data into the cache memory can be effectively used. This can significantly reduce the average memory access time of several hundred processor cycles to fractions of a processor cycle. Such tasks are usually called computational or cache-friendly (cach-friendly) - CF tasks. On tasks with poor spatio-temporal work with memory, the cache memory is useless, so each memory access is hundreds of processor cycles, the processor is idle because of this, and therefore the real performance is in units or even a fraction of a percent of the peak. -
Application of Bioinformatics Methods to Recognition of Network Threats
Paper Application of bioinformatics methods to recognition of network threats Adam Kozakiewicz, Anna Felkner, Piotr Kijewski, and Tomasz Jordan Kruk Abstract— Bioinformatics is a large group of methods used in of strings cacdbd and cawxb, character c is mismatched biology, mostly for analysis of gene sequences. The algorithms with w, both d’s and the x are opposite spaces, and all developed for this task have recently found a new application other characters are in matches. in network threat detection. This paper is an introduction to this area of research, presenting a survey of bioinformatics Definition 2 (from [2]) : A global multiple alignment of methods applied to this task, outlining the individual tasks k > 2 strings S = S1,S2,...,Sk is a natural generalization and methods used to solve them. It is argued that the early of alignment for two strings. Chosen spaces are inserted conclusion that such methods are ineffective against polymor- into (or at either end of) each of the k strings so that the re- phic attacks is in fact too pessimistic. sulting strings have the same length, defined to be l. Then Keywords— network threat analysis, sequence alignment, edit the strings are arrayed in k rows of l columns each, so distance, bioinformatics. that each character and space of each string is in a unique column. Alignment is necessary, since evolutionary processes intro- 1. Introduction duce mutations in the DNA and biologists do not know, whether nth symbol in one sequence indeed corresponds to When biologists discover a new gene, its function is not al- the nth symbol of the other sequence – a shift is probable. -
Small Business Information Security: the Fundamentals
NISTIR 7621 Small Business Information Security: The Fundamentals Richard Kissel NISTIR 7621 Small Business Information Security: The Fundamentals Richard Kissel Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 October 2009 U.S. Department of Commerce Gary Locke, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Deputy Director Acknowledgements The author, Richard Kissel, wishes to thank his colleagues and reviewers who contributed greatly to the document’s development. Special thanks goes to Mark Wilson, Shirley Radack, and Carolyn Schmidt for their insightful comments and suggestions. Kudos to Kevin Stine for his awesome Word editing skills. Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe and experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. i Table of Contents Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. The “absolutely necessary” actions that a small -
Introduction to Database Security
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Digital_Art/Shutterstock CHAPTER © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 8NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT IntroductionFOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION toNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE ORDatabase DISTRIBUTION SecurityNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER OBJECTIVES © Jones8.1 & IssuesBartlett in Database Learning, Security LLC © Jones In & this Bartlett chapter you Learning, will learn the LLC NOT 8.2FOR SALE Fundamentals OR DISTRIBUTION of Access Control NOT FORfollowing: SALE OR DISTRIBUTION U 8.3 Database Access Control The meaning of database 8.4 Using Views for Access Control security U 8.5 Security Logs and Audit Trails How security protects privacy and confidentiality © Jones & Bartlett8.6 Learning, Encryption LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC U Examples of accidental or NOT FOR SALE OR8.7 DISTRIBUTION SQL Data Control Language NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION deliberate threats to security 8.8 Security in Oracle U Some database security 8.9 Statistical Database Security measures 8.10 SQL Injection U The meaning of user 8.11 Database© Jones Security & and Bartlett the Internet Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC authentication 8.12 ChapterNOT Summary FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION U The meaning of authorization Exercises U How access control can be represented © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © JonesU & How Bartlett the view Learning, functions as a LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR securitySALE device OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.© NOTJones FOR SALE& Bartlett OR DISTRIBUTION. -
Data Mining and Internet Profiling: Emerging Regulatory and Technological Approaches Ira S
Data Mining and Internet Profiling: Emerging Regulatory and Technological Approaches Ira S. Rubinstein, Ronald D. Lee, & Paul M. Schwartzt INTRODUCTION The 9/11 terrorists, before their deadly attacks, sought invisibility through integration into the society they hoped to destroy. In a similar fashion, the terrorists who carried out subsequent attacks in Madrid and London attempted to blend into their host lands. This strategy has forced governments, including the United States, to rethink counter- terrorism strategies and tools. One of the current favored strategies involves data mining. In its pattern-based variant, data mining searches select individuals for scru- tiny by analyzing large data sets for suspicious data linkages and pat- terns. Because terrorists do not "stand out," intelligence and law en- forcement agents want to do more than rely exclusively on investiga- tions of known suspects. The new goal is to search "based on the premise that the planning of terrorist activity creates a pattern or 'sig- nature' that can be found in the ocean of transaction data created in the course of everyday life."' Accordingly, to identify and preempt terrorist activity, intelligence agencies have begun collecting, retaining, and analyzing voluminous and largely banal transactional information about the daily activities of hundreds of millions of people. Private organizations have their own reasons for gathering wide- spread information about individuals. With the expansion of internet- based services, companies can track and document a broad range of people's online activities and can develop comprehensive profiles of these people. Advertisers and marketing firms likewise have strong incentives to identify and reach internet users whose profiles have certain demographic, purchasing behavior, or other characteristics.