A Guide to the Papers of John Swire and Sons Ltd

A Guide to the Papers of John Swire and Sons Ltd.

ELIZABETH HOOK

THE LIBRARY SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES 1977

SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES

A GUIDE TO THE PAPERS OF JOHN SWIRE AND SONS LIMITED

A Guide to the Papers of John Swire and Sons Ltd.

ELIZABETH HOOK

THE LIBRARY SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES 1977 Published by the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Malet Street, London WCI E 7HP

Printed in Great Britain at the Alden Press Oxford London and Northampton Preface

It was a student of Professor John Fairbank who, while working on the papers of John Swire & Sons in the basement of the firm's former offices, first suggested that this extremely valuable collection should be deposited in a library to ensure its preservation and so that it would in future be more easily available to bona fide scholars. When Professor Fairbank took up the idea he wrote to Mr John Swire and myself suggesting that the SOAS Library, then just moved into its new building, might be a suitable depository. Dr Christopher Howe, the Head of the Contemporary China Institute, and I subsequently discussed the idea with Mr Swire himself and the deposit was finally agreed and the papers placed in the Library in 1975. John Swire & Sons generously agreed to provide money for the compilation and publication of a full calendar of the deposited records and we were fortunate enough to be able to secure the services of Mrs Elizabeth Hook to carry out the work. (The Library also gratefully ack nowledges a subvention from the Publications Committee of the School of Oriental and African Studies towards the publication of this guide.) The papers may be consulted by members of the Library under the rules currently in force, but it should be noted that certain sections of the archive are closed and not available for a number of years: these are clearly indicated in Mrs Hook's guide. Persons intending to consult the archive should in the first instance read carefully the introduction to this guide and then write for permisssion to the Librarian, School of Oriental and African Studies, specifying the sections they wish to consult and for approximately how long. Photographic copies of selected sections of the archive may be made but it is not the intention at present to arrange or to permit photographic copying of major sections or the entire collection. Any scholar intending subsequently to use or quote material from the archive in a published form must first seek copyright permission from The Secretary, John Swire & Sons. March 1977 B.C. Bloomfield Librarian As this volume goes to press I have received news of the discovery of more records of the firm including a box of mainly holograph letters be tween the Eastern offices and within Shanghai dating from the late 1880's to the early l 890's. It is hoped that these will be sorted and deposited with the other records soon. June 1977 B.C.B.

Introduction

John Swire and Sons came into existence in 1832 when John Swire, a Liverpool merchant since 1816, extended his business to include his two young sons, John Samuel (born 1825) and William Hudson (born 1830). These two subsequently inherited a small but solvent business on his death in 1847. The next twenty years of the firm's history is difficult to trace,1 but the evidence points to a series of attempts to widen their trade in America, Australia and the East when China was finally opened to foreigners. It was to be in the Far East that the real expansion for the firm came, dating from the brothers' brief partnership with R S Butterfield, a York shire textile manufacturer (1866-68). The Eastern trading house Butter field and Swire opened its first office in Shanghai in 1867, with William Lang and R N Newby to handle the textile shipments and James Scott employed as bookkeeper. John Samuel Swire went out initially to super vise the new venture which was intended to put Swire's trade in China, previously inadequately managed in Shanghai by Preston, Bruell & Co, on a sounder footing. Their prospects were strengthened by winning within a few weeks the agency for Alfred Holt & Company's Ocean Steam Ship Company and from that date the fortunes of the two concerns were to be closely tied together. In 1870 John Swire and Sons moved their Head Office from Liverpool to London and it is from this date that the history of the firm can be more readily studied. The following decades of the Nineteenth Century saw the steady expansion of Swire's interests in the East as new branches of Butterfield and Swire were opened and their agency work increased in volume and number. In addition B&S were responsible for the manage ment of new JS&S concerns, from 1872 the China Navigation Company and from 1874 the Coast Boats Ownery extended Swire's involvement in the shipping trade. Both concerns which amalgamated in 1883 were intended to act as feeders to Holt's ocean going vessels by capturing the growing steam trade along the China coast and Yangtze River. It was, however, also a period of economic difficulties and fierce competition with existing trading and shipping companies in the East, notably Jardine, Matheson & Co and the Chinese sponsored China Mer chants Co. The impetus for the establishment of the Taikoo Sugar Refin ery in Hong Kong in 1881 and the Insurance interests of JS&S arose directly from this period of hostility with Jardines. In 1876 William was forced to retire from the firm because of poor health, further increasing the financial strain on his brother but also leaving him in sole control of the business. By the late 1870s the partnership consisted of John Swire, his right hand man in London, FR Gamwell, and the three Eastern Man agers, William Lang, J H Scott and Edwin Mackintosh. Initially, however, only John Swire put up any capital and until his death in 1898 the history of the firm is very much that of its senior partner. He was a man of con siderable drive and energy, retaining the direction of all the companies within his own hands and on several occasions visited the East to settle important matters for himself.2 Although the firm extended its interests, building up trade in China, Australia, the Philippines and Japan, John Swire always fought against too great diversification, particularly into fields with which they had no previous experience, rejecting proposals for a dockyard or rice mill at Hong Kong and a lighter company at Tientsin as well as other investments he felt might be unsuccessful. When James Scott became The Senior on John Swire's death in December 1898 he carried on very much the same tradition but put through two of the schemes previously vetoed by John Swire, in 1901 the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company was begun and in 1904 the Tientsin Lighter Company was founded. Scott died in 1912 leaving three partners, his son Colin and John (Jack) and George Warren Swire, sons of John Swire. These three became life Directors of the private limited company which was announced on 1 January 1914 and throughout the Twentieth Century the firm has remained a family concern J K (Jock) Swire and John Swire Scott joined the Board after the First World War and further generations were brought in after the Second World War. Despite the many internal disturbances in China in the Inter-War period, especially the anti-foreigner strikes and boycotts and growing Japanese competition and hostility, John Swire and Sons' interests in the East prospered and expanded. 3 The Taikoo Chinese Navigation Company, registered in China in 1930 was an attempt to encourage Chinese participa tion in Taikoo; a paint factory, the Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Company was opened in Shanghai in 1934 and continual efforts were made to increase Taikoo's markets in Asia and the Pacific area generally. The Directors and Eastern Managers also found themselves more involved in Chinese politics and local problems than John Samuel Swire would have approved, and Butterfield and Swire senior staff played important parts in Hong Kong and Shanghai municipal affairs, while the London Directors, in particular Warren and Jock Swire were involved with the China Association and other Eastern trade and politics interest groups in Britain.4 The Second World War appeared at first more likely to affect John Swire and Sons Ltd in London than its subsidiaries in the East, 5 although Government requisition of shipping in 1940 affected the working of the China Navigation Company. In December 1941, however, the Japanese invasion of China pushed the British firm out of all its interests in the Pacific and China, including the Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Com pany in Shanghai and the Dockyard and Refinery in Hong Kong. Many of the staff were interned, although some escaped from Hong Kong to Australia. For the duration of the war Butterfield and Swire based its Eastern business on India, with an office remaining in operation in Chung king in Free China. In Britain the Directors, particularly J K Swire, worked with the Ministry of War Transport and in the National Dock Labour Board to assist the war effort as well as taking an active part in the China Association's plans for the post-war redevelopment of Far Eastern trade. In the autumn of 1945 the offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai were re turned to Butterfield and Swire and the task of rebuilding their interests in the East began. The archive of this firm which has been deposited at the School of Oriental and African Studies for preservation consists of the bulk of the known surviving records which had been stored in the London Office, and the (approximately) 350 boxes and volumes cover the development of the firm from about 1870 to 1947. For security reasons a restriction on access has been applied to all files under 35 years old. The archive is by no means complete as there are many gaps in the record series and clearly some whole series are missing. Most of the loss is attributable to bomb damage suffered by the Billiter Square office during the Second World War and only the contents of the strongroom escaped.6 Unfor tunately a similar fate befell the Liverpool offices of Alfred Holt and Company, destroying not only the majority of their own records 7 but also the duplicate set of Swire's papers which had been deposited there for safe-keeping. The bulk of the remaining material is composed of the correspondence series created in and made up, either in bound Letters Books or loose leaf files, by the London Office. Most, therefore consist of copies of John Swire and Sons letters out and the originals of letters received in London. A certain amount of legal material has also survived, either the originals or copies of the agreements made by John Swire and Sons on their own behalf or for the subsidiary companies in the East, par ticularly deeds and leases of various properties. The accounting side is comparatively less well covered, despite the fact that all the Eastern accounts were sent to London for final preparation. No complete series of accounts for any of the companies has survived and the largest series is that of Nineteenth Century London Account Books prepared for John Swire and Sons itself (JSSI 7) and which were discovered deposited separately for safe-keeping in a bank and of which no record had been kept.8 The records from the Eastern point of view are very poor and show little of the functioning of the various companies at a local level. Only a little interportal correspondence has survived (JSSII I) and virtually none of the routine papers which would have arisen through the day-to day working of the local offices and factories and Dockyard9 • There are no series of Hong Kong and Shanghai intercorrespondence, the only remaining documents being copies of their letters sent back to London and filed within other correspondence series. The paucity of Eastern records can be mainly attributed to the occupation of almost every local office and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Head Offices in 1941 when the records stored there were either destroyed by the Japnese or, if of a confidential nature, beforehand by the staff to prevent them falling into the enemy's hands. The importance of the records which do survive lies in the compre hensiveness with which the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century correspon dence series cover the developments of the firm and its subsidiaries from the London side where policies were decided and the Eastern end where they were implemented. The Nineteenth Century Out Letter Books and In Letter series (JSSI I and 2) show John Swire in action, the Eastern partners and many of the leading figures and firms involved in Far Eastern Trade from 1870 into the early 1900s, and in particular Jardine, Matheson & Co, the China Merchants Co and Halt's. The subjects covered by John Swire's wide ranging interests reveal a great deal about many aspects of Chinese trade and British business philosophy at the end of the Victorian era. There is a break in the records around the First World War period and it is in 1921-22 that major correspondence series begin again and for most of John Swire and Sons' concerns continue on to 1947. Now, however, the correspondence was divided according to the particular company involved and the personal element is missing as these are official letters from one company to John Swire and Sons rather than between individuals. They show in perhaps greater detail the working of the companies, as well as the policies followed and the issues affecting their progress, revealing - often indirectly - the effect of Chinese politics, Sino-Japanese and Anglo Japanese relations. Elizabeth Hook Footnotes Sheila Marriner and Francis Hyde quote from the surv1vmg records in their book 'The Senior' John Samuel Swire 1825-1898 (Liverpool University Press 1967) and much of this Introduction is based on their work 2 See JSSI 1; 2; 3 3 The early Twentieth Century history of Butterfield and Swire is described by Charles Drage in his book 'Taikoo' (London 1970) 4 See JSSI 3/10 5 See JSSII 3/1 6 Much of the material on the Second World War period is based on information kindly supplied by A Dean, formerly of B&S Shanghai Office, retired 1961 7 For an account of Holt's surviving records see F E Hyde, Blue Funnel. A History of A Holt & Co of Liverpool 1865-1914 (Liverpool 1956) 8 The value of these accounts is assessed by Marriner and Hyde in The Senior Appendix 1 9 The only series of documents of this nature is incomplete and comes from Swatow 1874-1895 see JSSII 8/3-6

Contents

Abbreviations JSSI John Swire and Sons 1 1 1869-1916 Out Letters 2 2 1872-1916 In Letters: Butterfield and Swire 7 3 1877-1936 Partners and Directors Letters 11 4 1869-1922 Letters In: Sundry 17 5 1904-1947 Staff 20 6 1875-1955 Property 22 7 1866-1966 Accounts 26 8 1870-1956 Legal Papers 28 9 1898-1967 Personal Papers 31 10 1962-1967 Organisation Papers 32 JSSII Butterfield and Swire 34 1 1883-1906 Shanghai Private Office Letters In 36 2 1921-1946 General Correspondence Series 43 3 1939-1941 Shanghai Master File 53 4 1920-1943 Property Letters 57 5 1939-1947 Accounts Letters 60 6 1936-1955 Accounts 64 7 1919-1945 Staff 67 8 1872-1965 Legal Documents 68 JSSIII China Navigation Company 73 1 1921-1948 Hong Kong General Letters 74 2 1921-1946 Shanghai General Letters 82 3 1929-19 36 London Correspondence 90 4 1900-1947 Property Letters 91 5 1932-1947 Accounts Letters 100 6 1871-1967 Accounts 103 7 1929-1946 Staff 111 8 1872-1938 Deeds and Legal Papers 114 JSSIV Coast Boats Ownery 115 1 1876-1883 Routine Papers 115 2 1875-1883 Casualties 117 3 1874-1884 Accounts 119 JSSV Taikoo Sugar Refinery 121 1 1922-1942 General Letters 122 2 1928-1937 Property 127 3 1932-1942 Accounts Letters 128 4 1883-1941 Accounts 129 5 1940 Staff 129 6 1905-1941 Legal and Organisation Papers 129 JSSVI Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company 132 1 1933 Property 133 2 1931-1947 Accounts Letters 133 3 1907-1940 Accounts 136 4 1941 Staff 137 5 1908-1954 Legal Papers 138 JSSVII Tientsin Lighter Company 142 1 1917-1936 General Correspondence 143 2 1932-1943 Accounts Letters 144 3 1938-1951 Accounts 145 JSSVIII Taikoo Chinese Navigation Company 147 1 1937-1941 Tonnage Letters 147 2 1927-1942 Accounts Letters 148 3 1930-1939 Accounts 149 JSSIX Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Company 150 1 1933-1935 General Correspondence 150 2 1934-1949 Legal Papers 154 3 Staff 155 JSSX Swire and Maclaine 157 1 1947 Correspondence 157 JSSXI Other Organisations 159 1 1875-1947 Alfred Holt and Company 159 2 1891-1945 Steamship Companies: Papers and Annual Reports 162 3 1942-1945 National Dock Labour Corporation 163 4 1941-1946 London General Shipowners Society 164 5 1943-1946 China Trade Association 165 6 1944-1947 Ministry of War Transport 166 7 1940-1966 Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company Limited 166 JSSXII Miscellaneous 167 1 1873-1968 Assorted Papers 167 2 1880-1908 Photographs 168 3 Artifact 168 Index 169 Abbreviations

lttrs letters ms manuscript pp pages ts typescript B&S Butterfield and Swire CBO Coast Boats Ownery C&Co Cornabe and Company CE&Co Cornabe, Eckford and Company CMCo China Merchants Company CNCo China Navigation Company CPA Cathay Pacific Airways HK&SBCo Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation HK&WDCo Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company Limited ICSCo lndo-China Steam Navigation Company JM&Co Jardine Matheson and Company JSS John Samuel Swire (The Senior) JS&S John Swire and Sons LR&Co Lorimer, Rome and Company M&Co Mansfield and Company NDLC National Dock Labour Corporation OPCo Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Company OSSCo Ocean Steam Ship Company PJ&Co Pinchin, Johnson and Company R&Co Russell and Company SMC Shanghai Municipal Council SS&ECo Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Company SSCo Straits Steamship Company TCNCo Taikoo Chinese Navigation Company TD&ECo Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company Limited TLCo Tientsin Lighter Company TSR Taikoo Sugar Refinery TT&LCo Taku Tug and Lighter Company UO&P Urwick Orr and Partners WH&C Wilkinson, Heywood and Clark

Note Closed Dates All files labelled 'CLOSED' are restricted under the 35 year regulation until after 31 December of the year indicated.

JOHN SWIRE AND SONS LIMITED

Every section of the records listed in the guide contains material relating to the parent company in London but the series listed below are those either referring to or arising from the work of JS&S itself, or which are concerned with all or several of Swire's interests in the East. It does not seem to have been office practice in the Nineteenth Century to divide the various interests of JS&S into different record series and all Private Office correspondence out was bound into one series regardless of correspondent, although letters in from B&S in the East were kept in separate files (JSSI 2). The whole London organisation in fact revolved round John Swire for he kept a close personal eye on all the firm's con cerns. He was assisted by F R Gamwell the other London partner who dealt with correspondence in The Senior's absence. It also became practice for any of the Eastern partners on leave in London to assist in the Head Office, usually dealing with staff and leave matters. John Swire paid several visits to China, Japan and Australia (see JSSI 3) and with three partners based in the East, one of whom would probably be on leave at any given time, there was felt to be no need for regular tours by the senior partner. After the retirement of Lang and the return to Britain of Scott and Mackintosh it became more essential to arrange a system for the London staff to keep themselves informed on local affairs. After the First World War one London director would make an extended tour of the East each year to visit all ports where there was a B&S or CNCo office (see JSSI 3). It was also practice to train Directors by a period of about five years in the East during which they were to experience all aspects of the Eastern operation before returning to London. Later it was usual to appoint one of the Directors from the Eastern staff selecting someone with experience as Manager in Hong Kong or Shanghai. All decisions on major matters of policy, finance and the employment of expatriate staff in the East were made by the London Directors, al though they would take into account the recommendations of the Eastern Managers. Whereas John Swire had retained control of all concerns himself later Directors divided the responsibilities between them, each specialising in certain aspects such as shipping, insurance, raw sugar purchases, staff, Dockyard. These were varied from time to time and weekly meetings were held to discuss major decisions. The Directors also dealt with Government Departments such as the Foreign Office and Board of Trade over political and commercial affairs. Other Departments in the London Office covered the Accounts which were centralised on London under the Chief Accountant; a Buying Depart ment handled the purchase and shipping of stores to the East; a 'Tonnage' man handled contracts for the building in Britain of new vessels for CNCo and all Floating Staff - officers and engineers - for CNCo were chosen in London. 1 After the First World War it was practice to file each con cern's correspondence with JS&S under its own heading and so these series have been listed separately leaving little Twentieth Century material under this section. Two series, however, have been included here; one contains personal correspondence of the Directors of JS&S and is mainly concerned with their personal careers (JSSI 9). The second is a modern series which concerns the Organisation and Management investigations which were made into all JS&S concerns in the East during the 1960's (JSSI 10) and this section will be closed until the Twenty-First Century.

1869-1916 John Swire and Sons Out Letters

During the Nineteenth Century and up to the First World War period all letters sent out from the Private Office of John Swire and Sons London Office were copied and mounted or filed into bound out letters volumes retained in the Private Office for reference. These are arranged in chrono logical order and include all JS&S correspondents, including B&S in Hong Kong and Shanghai. The chief correspondents throughout the period were A Holt & Co; Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co; Swire's agents in Australia - up to 1894 Lorimer, Rome and Co then George Martin and from 1900 G S Yuill & Co -; various banks and insurance companies in Britain and the East; J J Keswick of JM&Co and a wide range of manufacturers, suppliers, clients and competitors although the majority of the letters were to the Eastern Partners or Managers of B&S in the East. Most of the volumes have an index by name of correspondent and a few of the later ones give an indication of the subject of each letter. Several of the volumes are in poor physical condition and many of the letters, being press copies on very flimsy paper, are fragile and in some

The outline of the organisation of the London Office is based partly on evidence from the documents themselves and partly from information supplied by A Dean, whose assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

2 JSSI 1 instances, particularly those in blue typescript, are now almost illegible. (These volumes were used extensively by S Marriner and F E Hyde in The Senior).

1/1 20 Sep 1869 Ms Letter to William Lang, Eastern Partner, Box No. B&S from John S Swire in Liverpool concern 1173 ing the opening of the Hong Kong Office to handle Holt's agency and its position as Head Office in the East. (12pp) 1/2 29 Sep 1871 1174 -31 May Bound volume of mounted letters sent to B&S 1878 Shanghai or to William Lang personally concer ning the formation of CNCo, the purchase of the steamers for the River trade, the market and trade conditions on the Yangtze and the staff, equipment and management of the River Steamers. (455pp) 1/3 20 Feb 1871 Bound volume (in a very fragile condition) 1174A -3 Feb 1882 of mounted letters mainly to Hong Kong and Shanghai concerning Eastern trade in general, the state of the markets, especially for tea, general management and staff affairs and in particular the running of the B&S House in Japan. (488pp) 1/4 20 Sep Bound volume of press copies of letters to Box No. 1871- B&S concerning House and CNCo management 1086 3 Feb and business, particularly the need for economy 1882 and selling policies to be adopted to deal with low demand, and with other correspondents re the Guiness trade to Australia; a Pacific route via Japan and a wide range of other Eastern affairs including generally relations between other companies trading in China. (1001 pp)

1/5 4 Sep Bound volume of press copies of letters with 1087 1879- B&S in the East, JM&Co and various other 14 Nov parties concerning Eastern trade and in partic 1881 ular the negotiation of Pool Agreements and Conference arrangements, the dispute over agreements with JM&Co leading in March 1880-July 1881 to feasibility studies for and the establishment of the Taikoo Sugar Refinery in Hong Kong and the possibility of a dockyard as well. (l000pp) JSSI l

1/6 16 Nov Bound volume contammg copies of letters Box No. 1881- to B&S re CNCo and House management and 1088 30 May affairs - including the continued debate on the 1884 opening of a dockyard at Hong Kong (1881) and the amalgamation of CNCo and CBO in 1883; extensive correspondence about China Conference agreements and with Holt's about OSSCo trade and management, the development of a Pacific route, insurance company problems and trade with Australia. In Septem- ber 1883 John S Swire began a tour of the East and in his absence F R Gamwell conducted the London end of the business and correspondence. (995pp) (for JSS letters during his tour see JSSI 3/2) 1/7 5 Jun Bound volume containing copies of letters 1089 1884- to B&S re insurance, CNCo and TSR affairs, 22 Apr staff and management problems; other subjects 1887 include general trade and competition in the East and the organisation of the China-Austra- lian trade routes. (1494pp)

1/8 24 Apr Bound volume of copies of letters to B&S re 1177 1887- House and CNCo business, TSR management 26 Sep including competition with JM&Co, sugar 1888 prices and selling policies, general advice from JSS to his Eastern partners on handling affairs and in May 1888 the suggestion of establishing a rice mill at Quarry Bay; other subjects and correspondents include Holt's re Conference and OSSCo affairs, and Australian trade, particularly immigration restrictions affecting China Australian routes. (500pp) 1/9 25 Sep Bound volume containing copies of letters to 1090 1888- B&S covering management of House and 13 Apr CNCo business and including the building of 1891 new steamers, purchase of property and extension of TSR (1889); also concerning among other general trade subjects relations with LR&Co and Australian trade, relations with M&Co in Singapore, with Holt's re OSSCo and Conference affairs, particularly poor relations with JM&Co and CMCo. During 1889-90 letters from London were also being handled by J H Scott on leave from the East and he dealt with most internal B&S affairs. (1006pp)

4 JSSI 1

1/10 17 Apr Bound volume of copies of letters to B&S Box No. 1891- concerning House, CNCo and TSR business, 1178 26 Jui including the deployment of steamers, property 1893 and staff - particularly conflicts between Bois, Shanghai, and Mackintosh, Hong Kong. Also extensive correspondence with and about Holt's interests especially Conference difficulties and Straits Pool Agreements, OSSCo organisation and management, and Shipping problems. From July - December 1891 JSS again visited the East, London correspondence being handled by Gamwell and Scott in his absence. (For JSS letters for that period see JSSI 3/3) (1000pp) 1/11 27 Jui Bound volume of copies of letters to B&S 1179 1893- covering routine management of JS&S interests 22 Nov including the renewal of the suggestion for 1895 opening a rice mill, (Sept 1893) the poor state of the tea market, the effects of the Sino-Japan ese War on JS&S and business in the East (1894-95) and difficulties in financing sugar purchase for TSR (Feb 1895). Also correspon dence concerning Australian trad-~, especially the market for stout and the problems caused to JS&S by the bankruptcy of LR&Co (1894) and extensive correspondence concerning Con ference and Pool affairs and OSSCo business. (1002pp) 1/12 25 Nov Bound volume of typescript copies of letters 1091 1895- in blue ink many of which are now barely 29 Jui legible due to fading and blurring. Subjects 1898 covered include general management of JS&S interests in the East, financing of TSR and Conference affairs. (1003pp) 1/13 5 Aug Bound volume of ts copies of letters to B&S 1180 1898- covering CNCo, House and TSR routine man 7 Nov agement and business, including staff problems, 1901 in particular the serious embezzlement by the Yokohama compradore, the effects of the political situation on Chinese trade (May- Sept 1900) and the formation of the TD& ECo (Nov 1900) Other subjects include Con- ference affairs, Hong Kong and Shanghai affairs and Australian trade problems, including the beginnings of refrigerated transport on the Australia-Manila line (April 1899) · and the transfer of JS&S agency to G S Yuill & Co (Jan 1900). Up to November 1898 the majority of the correspondence was still hand- 5 JSSI 1 led by JSS himself, after his death in December Box No. 1898 the London side was taken over by J H Scott. (1002pp) (No volume for 1902-Nov 1904 survives.)

1/14 15 Nov Soft bound volume of ts copies of letters, 1092 1904- many blurred and illegible, and very fragile, 6 Apr the majority to B&S and concerning JS&S 1910 affairs, including partnership changes on the death of Edwin Mackintosh (1904) and the suggestion of forming a limited company (1905); management of House, insurance, TD&ECo, TLCo and TSR business, particularly Dockyard development (Sept 1907) and the problems of sugar prices (March 1908); the construction of Holt's Wharf, Shanghai, and local Chinese affairs including the general question of the membership of B&S staff on the Shanghai Municipal Council and the foundation of Hong Kong University (1909) (988pp)

1/15 6 Apr Bound volume of ts copies of letters mostly 1182 1910- to B&S although a few copies of letters sent 14 Oct to Holt's and Scott's still included. Most non- 1916 B&S correspondence was filed separately by this date (see JSSI 4/8). The letters cover CNCo, TD&ECo, TSR, TLCo business and finance, including the increasing competition between the Dockyard and HK&WDCo (1911) CNCo financial problems and staff difficulties (1911 ), local affairs, particularly the effect of the political situation on trade, the Hong Kong Defence Volunteer Force and the repre sentation of B&S on the Shanghai Municipal Council and the negotiation of the Yangtze Pool (June (1912). John (Jack) Swire began to handle more of the London correspondence after 1911 and took over as 'The Senior' on Scott's death in 1912. The majority of the letters (1-881) cover the period Apr 1910 -Oct 1912, only a few for 1913 and 1914, chiefly concerning the formation of a Limited Company were filed in this volume, and the book was apparently officially closed by John Swire in 1914, although a few letters for 1914-16 were added. (923pp)

6 JSSI 2 1872-1916 John Swire and Sons Letters In: From B&S

Although up to 1910-1911 it was office practice to file all letters sent out from the Private Office in purely chronological order, letters received into the office were apparently separated into B&S and other correspondents for filing. The letters from the Hong Kong and Shanghai Offices were usu ally kept in separate bundles and were not usually bound but filed and then boxed. They include both official correspondence from B&S to JS&S and private letters from the heads of the Hong Kong and Shanghai offices to 'The Senior'. Unofficial correspondence was not in fact en couraged and it is predominantly the Eastern Partners, Lang, Scott and Mackintosh who write personally to John S Swire; after their retirement from the East they were replaced by Eastern Managers (Bois, Wright and Mackay in Shanghai and Smith, Prate, Law, Robertson and Edkins in Hong Kong) who tended to use official correspondence. The series of files has been arranged according to the B&S office from which it originated: Hong Kong (1877-1916) JSSI 2/1-14. Shanghai (1872-1916) JSSI 2/15-25.

Hong Kong Co"espondence 2/1 22 Feb- 1 folder of unbound private letters from Scott Box No. 5 Dec in Hong Kong and Lang in Shanghai concern 1175 1877 ing the business and particularly some unsuccess ful ventures entered into by Lang. (18 lttrs) 2/2 9 Nov Bound volume of ts copies of private letters 1094 1877- written from the East to F R Gamwell while 6 Jul 1878 in charge of the London Office during JSS tour of the East. Letters chiefly from JSS describing his visit and views of the East and business affairs particularly Lang's ventures, an agreement with CMCo over Yangtze trade and decisions connected with the insurance business and selling policy in general. Also letters to Gamwell from Lang, Scott and Mackintosh and copies of letters between partners in the East and other parties with JSS. (233pp) (For JSS original letters from the East see JSSI 3/1) 2/3 4 Apr 1 folder of official and private letters from 1175 1879- Mackintosh to JSS concerning House and 30 Aug CNCo business including relations with Russell 1883 and Co and JM&Co, deployment of steamers 7 JSSI 2 and in 1881 plans for TSR. Also trade with Box No. Australia, CSSCo business and local Hong Kong news and gossip. (Also 1 folder of telegrams from the East in 1879, mainly in cypher concerning trade agreements) (217 lttrs)

2/4 3 Jui 2 folders of private and official letters from 1176A 1884- Mackintosh (Jui 1884-Feb 1886) and Scott 28 Dec covering TSR development, competition with 1886 JMCo the Australian line and local business affairs and gossip, particularly re Keswick of JMCo, Also in 1886 approaches to Keswick for an agreement between the two firms and the problem of dealings with TT&LCo at Tientsin. (187 lttrs) (For letters from JSS to Gamwell during his visit to the East Feb-June 1884 see JSSI 3/2)

2/5 4 Jan 1 folder of letters from Scott (up to Feb 1887) A26 1887- and Mackintosh concerning CNCo business 19 May and steamers, staff and competition, trade 1888 agreements and general conditions, relations with R&Co, the Canton River trade and the Australian line and TSR progress. (83 lttrs)

2/6 2 Jun 1 folder of private letters from Mackintosh 1169A 1888- and Scott to London and from May 1892 from 3 Dec Herbert Smith covering routine management of 1892 House CNCo and TSR affairs. (During June to December 1891 JSS visited the East and some of his letters for that period are preserved in JSSI 3/3) (326 lttrs) 2/7 5 Jan 1 folder of official and private letters from 1169B 1893- Smith (to May 1893), Scott (to April 1894) 25 Mar and Mackintosh concerning routine manage- 1895 ment of all interests, staff and accounts, general trade conditions and relations and agreements with competitors. (330 lttrs) 2/8 11 Apr Bound volume of letters from the East includ- 1090 1895- ing section of correspondence from Mackintosh 18 Dec (to May 1895) and Smith concerning House, 1898 CNCo and TSR business particularly TSR problems arising from Japanese competition, and in autumn 1898 the suggestion of a dockyard for Hong Kong. Some copies of correspondence received into the Hong Kong office from Shanghai and outports is included but is in very poor condition. (103 lttrs)

8 JSSI 2

2/9 3 Mar 1 folder of letters to Scott, Senior Partner Box No. 1899- after JSS's death, from Smith, Prate and Law A26 21 Dec concerning all JS&S interests including plans 1900 for TD&ECo, relationships with Keswick and JM&Co, the progress of TSR and the state of the sugar market. (50 lttrs) 2/10 14 Jan 3 folders of private and official letters from 1170 1901- Prate (1901-3), Law (1903-05), Robertson 11 Dec (1905-06) Law (1906-08) and Mackay 1909 1909 covering routine management and business matters, including staff, accounts, TSR and Dockyard - particularly 1906-07 relations with HK&WDCo. Also concerning the general trade situation, the Manila trade and local affairs, including typhoon damage (1908), the establishment of Hong Kong University (1909) and comments on the Self-Government Society and the FATSHAN incident and CNCo boycott. (13 3 lttrs)

2/11 1909- File of private and official letters from Law, 1191A 1911 Edkins and Robertson concerning TD&ECo and TSR, divided into separate sections: 7 Jan 1909- Taikoo Dockyard. 24 Jui 1912 Covers developments, plans, contracts, staff and finance. (142 lttrs) 3 Sep 1909 Taikoo Sugar Refinery. -31 Jui Covers output, grades of sugar, supplies of raw 1912 sugar, markets and staff. (46 lttrs) 2/12 5 Feb Bound volume containing a section of private 1095 1910- letters from Law, Robertson and Edkins con- 31 Jui cerning CNCo business and staff principally on 1912 the Canton Line. (5 3 lttrs) 2/13 14 Jan Bound volume containing a section of private 1095 1910- letters from Law, Robertson and Edkins con- 31 Jui cerning general business affairs, property, staff 1910 and local affairs, including copies of letters from Lord Lugard re the development of Hong Kong and the University. (51 lttrs) 2/14 14 Jan 1 folder of private letters from Edkins to A35 1915- Colin C Scott and John Swire in London con 30 Mar cerning the effects of the war on trade and 1916 manpower, local affairs in Hong Kong, staff problems and CNCo and Dockyard business. (8 lttrs)

9 JSSI 2 Shanghai Co"espondence Box No. 2/15 19 Jan Bound volume of copies of private letters from 1093 1872- Lang and official ones, including copies of 13 Apr letters sent out from Shanghai Office to other 1876 parties concerning CNCo and the steamers on the Yangtze River and River trade generally. (503 pp) (For letters from Shanghai during 1877-78 see JSSI 2/1 & 2/2.) 2/16 5 Dec 1 folder of letters from Shanghai from William 1175 1878- Lang covering House and CNCo business and 10 Aug staff, trade in Shanghai and on the River, 1883 relations and agreements with JM&Co and CM- Co (103 lttrs) 2/17 4 Jui 2 folders of letters from Scott (to September 1176B 1884- 1885) and Lang concerning outports trade, 14 May property and staff, the opening of B&S Tientsin 1888 and new steamers for the Tientsin route, the Australian line, and agreements with JM&Co, CMCo, R&Co and McBains. (I 92 lttrs) (For additional letters for 1884 see JSSI 3/2)

2/18 11 Jun 1 folder of letters, private and official, from 1167 A 1888- Lang (to Oct 1888), Scott and Bois (from 8 Jui March 1889) covering CNCo business, outports, 1892 affairs, staff, property, accounts, the state of the market and trade in general, relations with JM&Co and CMCo and in December 1890 the loss of SS SHANGHAI. (215 lttrs) 2/19 8 Jui 2 folders of private and official letters from 1167B 1892- Bois (to March 1894) and Alex Wright con- 20 Dec cerning House and CNCo business, staff, 1895 property, steamers and relations with other companies, also Aug 1894-1895 the Sino- Japanese War and its effects on trade and 1895 fierce competition with JM&Co (172 lttrs) 2/20 2 Jan Bound volume containing a section of letters I 090 1896- from Bois covering CNCo and House business 21 Dec particularly opening of agency at Chefoo, staff 1898 affairs, plans for new steamers, accidents, trade situation, relations and agreements with JMCo including copies of B&S correspondence with JMCo, and problems with lighterage at Tient- sin. (191 lttrs)

10 JSSI 3 Partners - post-1914 the Directors - of JS&S interests in China and Japan and of general Far Eastern trade and politics. Also included are a few letters between the partners on general policies and a file of corre spondence relating to the political situation in the Far East during the 1930s addressed to various Directors in London.

3/1 28 Nov Original letters from John S Swire to Gamwell Box No. 1877- during his Eastern tour. (Bound ts copies in Al 4 Jui JSSI 2/2) (8 3 lttrs) 1878 3/2 5 Feb 2 folders of letters from John S Swire to Garn A34 -16 Jun well during his tour of the East and principally 1884 concerning relations with JM&Co, R&Co, CMCo; the development of TSR and the Eastern Partners and their relationships. (40 lttrs)

3/3 9 Sep- Original letters (10 lttrs in A34) and ts copies A34& 14 Oct (30pp in 1094) to and from John S Swire 1094 1891 during his visit to the East, mainly correspond ence with the heads of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Offices on the management and organisation of JS&S companies in the East 3/4 1909-1912 Correspondence between J H Scott ('The Sen- Al ior') and John (Jack) Swire Jan-Feb Letters from John Swire chiefly on the legal 1909 partnership position of E H Mackintosh, also discussing the Dockyard and Hong Kong Univ ersity. ( 4 lttrs) Oct 1911- Letters from J H Scott concerning staff, gener March 1912 al trade and Hong Kong University. (6 lttrs) 3/5 3 Aug Letter from G W Swire to John Swire and Al 1914- Colin C Scott while he was on active service 2 Jun 1916 concerning the business, general affairs and a few comments on his own war service. (11 lttrs)

3/6 1931 A33 Director in the East: Colin C Scott Bound volume of letters (in a fragile state) concerning management in the East, trade conditions and particularly the Refinery 24 Apr- Copies of G W Swire's letters to Scott. (20 16 Oct lttrs) 14 May- Scott's letters to John and Warren Swire. 20 Nov (24 lttrs) 12 JSSI 2

2/21 9 Jan 1 folder of private letters from Bois to Scott Box No. 1896- concerning CNCo affairs and policy, insurance A27 14 Nov business, the Chefoo Office (1899), the possi 1900 bility of a Lighter Company at Tientsin, trade and the political situation in Tientsin (summer 1900) and the effects of the Boxer Uprising on trade and B&S generally. (July 1900). (84 lttrs)

2/22 14 Jan 5 folders of letters, private and official, from 1168 1901- Wright (1901-05), Dowler (1905-07), Robert 6 Dec son (1907), J H Scott during his visit to the 1911 East (Jan-March 1909), Wright (1909-10), Mackay (1911) and G W Swire (Sept-Dec 1911). Covers House and CNCo trade, staff and property, including problems of the lease of B&S property in Shanghai (1904-05), com petition with the Japanese, local politics - particularly in Shanghai, the Kiukiang Boycott (Aug 1909) and in 1911 the effects of the Revolution on trade and B&S affairs, especially in Hankow. (220 lttrs) 2/23 29 Jan Bound volume containing section of private 1095 1910- and confidential letters from Wright and 5 Jui Mackay concerning CNCo including the running 1912 of the steamers, Pool Agreements, finance, staff property and trade competition. (115 lttrs) 2/24 3 Jan- Bound volume containing a section of private 1095 28 May letters from Mackay chiefly concerned with 1912 Shanghai-Hong Kong relations; and from G W Swire in the East describing his impressions and observations of the East and trade generally (9 lttrs) 2/25 30 Dec 1 folder of private letters from Mackay to A35 1914- Colin C Scott and John Swire concerning 15 Apr the War in the East, its effect on business, 1916 B&S affairs and the loss of manpower problems. Also includes a few copies of letters from London in reply. (24 lttrs)

1877-1936 Partners' and Directors' Letters

This section contains an assorted collection of files of correspondence fall ing outside the main series, addressed personally to, from or between the 11 JSSI 3

3/7 1932-1933 Director in the East: JS Scott Box No. A33 14 Oct Copies of letters to John S Scott from G W 1932- Swire and Colin C Scott in London advising 3 Mar him of decisions made in London and concern 1933 ing TSR, TD&ECo CNCo and B&S business, European staff deployment and pay, cost of living problems in the East, and local affairs particularly JS&S dissatisfaction with the local Hong Kong Government. (17 lttrs)

3/8 1934 Director in the East: G W Swire A33 12 Jan- Copies of a few letters from the London Direc 26 Jan tors to Warren Swire concerning CNCo business TD&ECo pool agreements and Far Eastern politics, particularly Japanese policy in China and including a copy of a report on 'The Causes of Unrest in the Far East' by Archibald Rose (ex-Consul in China) after his visit to the East in 1933. (3 lttrs)

3/9 1935-1936 Director in the East: J K Swire 1935 A33 JS Scott 1936 1 file of letters (in a very fragile condition) consisting of 4 sections: To the East 15 Feb- Copies of letters to J K Swire from Warren 29 Mar Swire concerning CNCo affairs, including pir 1935 acy problems, general trade and management of JS&S interests and staff problems, including the Taipan - Mitchell ( 4 lttrs) 22 Nov- Copies of letters from London to J S Scott 1 May concerning CNCo management, staff and pay; 1936 Pool Agreements; cost of living difficulties and salaries; TSR and sugar supply problems; Japanese competition; relations with CMCo; British Government policies in China, (16 lttrs) From the East 29 Jan- Letters to London from J K Swire covering 9 May his impressions of India and Singapore; the 1935 future of CNCo in China; cost of living; Dock yard and TSR staff; OPCo progress and person nel; Japanese competition and the political situation including notes of interviews with TV Soong in March and May. (20 lttrs) 1 Dec Letters to London from J S Scott concerning 1935- relations with CMCo, general Chinese politics 21 May including accounts of meetings with T V Soong, 1936 comments on the general state of affairs and 13 JSSI 3

feelings in China, Japanese influence and the Box No. Shanghai Municipal Council, business position of JS&S interests and OSSCo, reports on his visits to the River ports, Japan and Tientsin - including observations on the strength of Jap- anese influence there -- , reviews of staff and management problems, the development of OPCo and general Far Eastern trade prospects. (43 lttrs)

3/10 1933-1936 London Directors' Political Co"espondence 1187 This file contains correspondence between J K Swire, G W Swire, John S Scott and Colin C Scott and various political and business fig ures interested in Far Eastern affairs about Chinese developments, including Shanghai Municipal Council, British representation in China, the Chinese Customs and smuggling, Sino-Japanese relations and visits of Chinese representatives to London - particularly TV Soong. There arc many cross-references to letters from JS&S Directors' in the East letters in 3/6-9 The letters are arranged roughly in alphabetical order of correspondent although occasionally letters seem to have been misfiled. Corre spondents: 27 Apr 1933 J H Brand; (I letter) 28 Nov 1935 Indecipherable (1 letter) 29 Nov 19 35 D G M Bernard, Director of Matheson & Co (1 letter) 8 May 1934- Sir Alexander Cadogan, Minister Plenipotentiary 8 May 1936 in Peking 1933-35; Ambassador 1935-36 (3 letters) 22 Feb 1933 To Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Char.cellor (1 letter) 18 Feb 1933 From K P Chen; Managing Director, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank (1 letter) 14 Feb 1933 To Lionel Curtis, a member of Milner's 'Kin --8 Nov 1935 dergarten' (11 letters) 2 Jan 1933- from Lionel Curtis, a member of Milner's 29 Sep 1936 'Kindergarten' in South Africa, 1900 and a lecturer (19 letters) This correspondence contains letters from other Sinologists and covers a wide range of Chinese affairs 27-28 Nov To and from OW D'Arch, of Asiatic Petro- 19 35 leum Co (2 letters) 14 JSSI 3

25 Jan 1933 To and from T J Fisher, B&S staff, Hankow, Box No. -28 Mar mainly re British Residents' Association, 1187 1936 including a copy of a letter to him from W H Donald re Chiang-Kai-Shek (3 letters) 30 Jun 1933 To EM. Gull (7 letters) -31 Jan 1935 4 Jan 1933- From E M. Gull (17 letters) 18 Jun 1936 Secretary of the China Association re attempts to influence Government policy towards China and particularly re Shanghai. Included are copies of memoranda and letters to the Govern ment re China and Gull's notes on interviews with the leading political figures in China dur ing his visit in the autumn of 1935 1935 General Various memoranda, many prepared by Warren Swire, on the situation in China and Shanghai used as the basis for letters to be sent to HMG May 1933- To and from G E Hubbard, I P R Research Feb 1936 Secretary, Royal Institute of lnterna tional Affairs, including an extensive memorandum on Sino-Japanese relations (3 letters) 27 Nov 1935 Copies of letters from John Keswick, Director of Matheson & Co and a member of the China Association to Sir Harry McGowan, Chairman of ICI ( 4 letters) May 1936 Memorandum by Mr Kelley on the status of the International Settlement, Shanghai 23 Feb- To and from Charles Hendry of the London & 2 May 1933 Lancashire Insurance Co ( 4 letters) 27-30 Nov To and from Lord Lugard, Colonial admin 1933 istrator and in 1933 British Member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, League of Nations, giving Warren Swire's view of Hong Kong University and the British Legation in Peking (2 letters) 11 May 1936 To Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon E F Lawson, editor of the 'Daily Telegraph' (1 letter) 9 Jan- To and from I S. Macadam and Commander 3 May I 933 Stephen King-Hall, Royal Institute of Inter national Affairs re the Manchurian situation (6 letters) 8 May 1933 From Malcolm Macdonald, MP; son of Ramsey MacDonald; Parliamentary Under-Secretary Dominions Office (1 letter) 27 Jun 1934 To and from Sir Harry McGowan, including -12 May a copy of a report to the President of the 1936 Board of Trade presented by an Imperial

15 JSSI 3

Committee on China re the representation of Box No. Britain in China 13-26 Apr To and from S F Mayers, Hong Kong & Shang- 1933 hai Banking Corporation 9 Feb 1938 To A C Moreing, Conservative MP (1 letter) 24 Jun 1935 To and from Montagu Norman, Governor of -8 May 19 36 the Bank of England (3 letters) 18 Jan 1933 To W Nunn, Conservative MP and Member of -8 Mar 1935 the House of Commons Committee on China 17 Jan 1933 From W Nunn (19 letters) -8 Apr 1935 Concerning the work of the Committee, Chin ese affairs and Foreign Office policy on China and attitude towards British business interests there 23 Oct 1934 To, from and about G G Phillips, Deputy -11 Nov Secretary Shanghai Municipal Council (Sec- 1935 retary 1936; Commander General 1940) (13 letters) 9 May 1933 From Qua-Tai-Chi, Chinese Minister, Chinese Legation in London to Lionel Curtis (see also Curtis) (1 letter) 23 Feb 1933 To and from Archibald Rose, Consul in China -6 Oct 19 36 until 1921 (6 letters) 17 Apr 1933 To and from Walter Runciman, President of - 7 May 1936 the Board of Trade, re the visit to Britain of TV Soong, Chinese finance Minister (4 letters) 28 Jun- To and from Sir Owen Seaman, editor of 1 Jui 1933 'Punch' 1906-32, re an anti-Chinese cartoon (3 letters) 20 Nov 1933 To and from Geoffrey Dawson and Captain -16 Dec A L Kennedy of 'The Times' re Sir Frederick 1935 Maze, the Chinese Customs and British Govern ment policy 27Feb- To Sir Frederick Whyte, Political Adviser 21 Jun 1935 to the National Government of China 1929- 32 Letter from Warren Swire and 2 memo randa by Whyte on China (2 letters) 13 Jan- To and from Pembroke Wicks, MP and Sec- 18 Dec 1933 retary of the Unionist Central Office 1925-31 re the House of Commons Committee on China (9 letters) 6 Dec 1935 To and from the Earl of Winterton, Unionist -14 Jun MP and President of the China Association 1936 (5 letters)

16 JSSI 4 1869-1922 John Swire and Sons Letters In

While correspondence received from B&S in the London Office was filed and preserved, letters from other correspondents have not survived in any comprehensive series for the Nineteenth Century and only prior to the First World War were bound Letter Books, arranged by correspon dent, introduced. The correspondence which has survived covers a wide range of topics and includes letters from most of JS&S chief business associates, including Halt's and Scott's but rarely in any long series. (For additional correspondence with Halt's see JSSXI I).

4/1 1869-1886 Letters and posters concerned with the rates Box No. and coast tariffs and particularly with the Al Yangtze Pool Agreement of 1886

4/2 10-17 Nov Correspondence between J S Swire, Holt's, 1176A 1874 John Scott and Batters concerning the pur chase of two steamers, the WILLIAM and THERESA BATTERS (the FOOCHOW and SW ATOW of the CBO). (7 lttrs) 4/3 1895-1914 Sundry Co"espondence 1171 Folders of letters sent in to the London Office covering various topics. Although there are a few B&S letters included relating to the sub jects most of the correspondence is from private persons or other businesses in the Far East, Britain and elsewhere with whom JS&S had dealings Oct 1894- Letters from the East concerning the develop Feb 1895 ment of a Pacific Line (5 lttrs) Jun-Oct Letters from D C Law (B&S stafO while on 1899 leave in Britain discussing affairs in China. (6 lttrs) 2 May 1 letter from J Dodds to J H Scott concerning 1900 the Yokohama Compradore robbery Oct 1901- Correspondence with Hamburg-Amerika Linie Apr 1902 and Norddeutscher Lloyd Line concerning Pool agreements. (14 lttrs) 30 Jui Letters from Consul-General Fraser while on 1903- leave in Britain concerning the Hankow front- 3 Aug 1904 age. (11 lttrs) 28 Apr-14 Letters from D Law while on leave in Britain Jui 1905 concerning Chinese affairs. (14 lttrs) 17 JSSI 4

22 Mar- Letters from Z Racine, Paris, concerning the Box No. 25 Jun sale of Lazaritcs property in Shanghai, and 1908 the Ningpo Pool. (14 lttrs) May-Nov Correspondence with the Asiatic Petroleum Co 1909 concerning the sale of a portion of No 7 Yoko hama Bund. (15 lttrs) (sec also JSII 8/7) Dec 1908- Letters, including a few from Lord Lugard, Apr 1909 and memoranda concerning the development of Hong Kong and its trade prospects. (5 lttrs) May 1909- Letters to JS&S, including from Lord Lugard, Mar 1910 about the donation from Swire's towards the foundation of the University of Hong Kong. (10 lttrs) Jun-Sep Letters from D Law to various parties and JS&S 1910 while on leave in Britain and touring the USA and Pacific concerning Pacific trade and OSSCo May 1913- Letters from E Macky while on leave in Bri- Feb 1914 tain discussing Chinese affairs. (13 lttrs)

Sep 1913- Correspondence concerning the purchase of Jul 1914 Maynard's Lot, Shanghai (26 lttrs)

4/4 1897-1913 Sundry Co"espondence 1172 folders of assorted letters from a variety of correspondents and a few copies of replies 9 Dec 1906 Very miscellaneous collection of letters into - 12 Mar the partners, John Swire, J H Scott and Colin 1908 C Scott from private individuals and various companies, mostly odd letters rather than com plete series. (7 3 lttrs) 8 Nov Lttrs and memoranda from the British India 1906-12 Steam Navigation Co Ltd concerning their rates Mar 1908 of pay and pensions to their staff. (5 lttrs) 4-28 Mar Letters from Watton's and Co with their legal 1912 opinions on the position of CNCo vessels registered in Shanghai and limited liability laws (4 lttrs) Jan-Sep Letters from and concerning D Law and his 1913 financial interests after his retirement from B&S (10 lttrs) 29Decl913-Lettcrs in to JS&S on the announcement of 4Febl914 the formation of a limited liability company. (13 lttrs)

18 JSSI 4

4/5 13 Oct l 904-Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Box No. 23Marl910 1173 Folder of letters from the Bank on various minor financial transactions. (14 lttrs)

4/6 14 May l 908-Scott s Shipbuilding and Engineering Co 1173 6Janl914 Letters between Scott's and JS&S partners concerning mutual interests, mostly minor ► rather than major policy matters. (15 lttrs)

4/7 1 May 1914- Miscellaneous letters in to the London Office A35 18Nov1916 from private persons and various companies concerning Far Eastern trade, business, staff and various minor matters some connected with the war-time conditions. (19 lttrs)

4/8 1911-1916 JS&S Letters 'P' Inland 1183 20Jan1913- Bound volume of letters in to the London 29 Dec 1915 Office and copies of JS&S replies. Indexed and with subject synopses of the letters. Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (31 letters)

24 & 29 Jun Ham bro & Sons (2 letters) 1913 19Jun1913-Union Bank (30 letters) 18Aug1916 6Janl911- Holt & Co (46 letters) 18Dec1916 19 May 1911-Indo-China Steam Navigation Company (50 27 Jul1914 letters) 2 May 1911- Scott's Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd. 9Nov 1915 (34 letters) Local Sundries (21 letters)

The correspondence covers all JS&S interests, financial arrangements, Holt's affairs, steamer building, Pool agreements and general trade 4/9 1917-1922 JS&S 'P' Inland 1184 Bound volume of correspondence to and from JS&S with an index and subject synopsis of each letter. Covering the financial aspects of war-time trade and policies of JS&S interests, Holt's affairs, new steamers and general trade developments 16 Jan 1917 National Provincial and Union -11 Dec Bank of England (22 letters) 1920 19 JSSI 5

16 Jan 1917 IIK&S Banking Corp. (24 letters) Box No. -13 Feb 1922 Aug-Nov Other Banks (5 letters) 1920 l Feb 191 7 Holt 's (2 31 letters) -1 Dec 1922 25 Jun 1917 lndo-China Steam Navigation Co. (27 letters) ◄ -10 Apr 1922 28 Nov 1918 Scott's S&ECo Ltd (38 lcttcrs) -4 Nov Local sundries (arranged in alphabetical order). 1921 (60 letters)

1904-47 John Swire and Sons Limited Staff

This section is concerned with various personnel files either of JS&S employed staff or with aspects of staff affairs and management relating to all or several of the firms managed in London by JS&S. This section, therefore, contains papers relating to staff of B&S, CNCo, TSR, OPCo, TD&ECo etc. Box No. 5/1 1904-33 London Staff Ledger 1159 Ledger containing details of JS&S and B&S staff giving statements of payments, war bon uses, reasons for leaving and personal informa tion such as dates of birth and education etc

5/2 1904-33 JS&S Profit Sharing Scheme Lists showing the salaries, service and payments due to staff under the scheme for the years 1921, 1923, 1924. 1928, 1932, 1933, 1934

5 /3 Dec 1941- Shanghai Staff Accounts 487 CLOSED Jan 1942 Balances of wages due to Chinese staff in the 1977 outports and Shanghai during the Japanese take-over

20 JSSI 6

China Navigation Co 30Jan 1942 JS&S to B&S Bombay and Sydney (82 letters) -21 Dec 1945 19 May 1942 B&S Bombay and Sydney to JS&S (70 letters) -16 Nov 1945 Refinery and Dockyard 6 Feb 1942 JS&S to B&S Bombay and Sydney (13 letters) -2 Jun 1944 19 May 1942 B&S Bombay and Sydney to JS&S (14 letters) -6 Apr 1945 Volume 2 Local Letters Correspondence with various banks re pay ments; and with persons holding policies re payments etc. Arranged in alphabetical order of correspondent under the firm concerned - B&S; CNCo; Refinery and Dockyard

5/8 1946 Pro11ident Fund Receipts 382 CLOSED 1981 Receipts for payments from the Provident Fund; arranged in alphabetical order under payee's name and divided by the company employing the person: Butterfield and Swire China Navigation Co Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Co Taikoo Sugar Refinery

1875-1955 John Swire and Sons Property

This section contains the files and registers relating to JS&S owned prop erty and property managed in the East by JS&S or one of its firms.

6/1 1875 Correspondence concerning the lease of pro Box No. perty in Hankow between JS&S, B&S and 1181B other interested parties

22 JSSI 5

5/4 1942 Chinese Long Service Fund Box No. CLOSED Detailed accounts of the payments due to Chin- 487 1977 ese staff in the outports and Shanghai through the Long Service Fund

5/5 1945 Interned Staff 500 CLOSED 1980 Papers re the rcpatnatlon of interned staff of all JS&S interest and their payment of compensation

Copies of death certificates of personnel killed in Hong Kong

Copies of letters from the far East from repat riated men and released internees giving details of the condition of property and other per sonnel

Circulars, minutes and memoranda re the basis for payments to repatriated staff

Circulars to staff re payments and statements of advances made and payments due to per sonnel of all JS&S firms - including Statements of Account of Stanley Internment Camp Accounts: Statements of Accounts for Re patriation Passages; detailed draft and working accounts of payments due to personnel and wives & children & dependents; Vouchers 5/6 1945-50 Agreement Book All Interests A9 CLOSED 1985 11 Apr 1945 90 Memorandum of Agreement between JS&S 27 Apr 1950 as managers of their Far Eastern firms and individuals appointed to posts in; B&S; OPCo; CNCo; S&M; TSR. These give salary scales, medical services, cost of living allowances etc. An index is arranged by agreement number, giving the name of the member of staff and the company with the dates of employment

5/7 1942-45 Provident Fund Accounts 302 CLOSED 2 volumes of Accounts and Letters 1980 15Janl943 Volume I Accounts Letters & Statements -29 Nov 1945 Butterfield and Swire 8 Jan 1943 JS&S to BS&S Bombay and Sydney (36 letters) -16 Nov 1945 B&S Bombay and Sydney to JS&S (25 letters)

21 JSSI 6

6/2 1885-1938 Property Register Box No. This register consists of numbered double Al 1 pages: 1-2 List of dates when leases expire 4--5 Property lists of Hulks 8--10 Property lists of Launches 9 Property lists of Ferry-boats 11 Property lists of Lighters 12 Property lists of Wharf pontoons 13 Property lists of Iron or steel pontoon bridges 14 Property lists of Connecting pontoons 15 Property lists of Wood pontoons and hulk bridges 16 Steel or iron hulk bridges 17-321 A-Z Lists of property at branches Amoy-Yochow 322-325 Lists of property at Bangkok This register covers all JS&S interests in China, Hong Kong and Bangkok but does not include Yokohama and Kobe, Japan

6/3 1918-1941 Property Register Al2 A similar volume to 6/2 this covers all JS&S property in the East, including Japan. The property is listed under the branch, arranged alphabetically. List of Launches 1918-37. List of Property 1880-1941 (approx). The lists cover some of the same property as included in 6/2 but in some cases gives greater detail

6/4 1910 Shanghai Shankoe Deeds 2016D Owners copy of the Title Deeds to Lots 7113 - Lazarites 7114 - Meynards 7115 - Immobiliere

6/5 1911 List of Refinery and Dockyard Deed and Leases contained in Box No 50 in the London 2016D Office

6/6 1912-1934 Transfer of Hong Kong Property 2016D Correspondence and legal papers arising from the attempts to transfer certain Hong Kong properties, registered in the names of the orig inal partners, J S Swire; W Lang; J H Scott; 23 JSSI 6 F R Gamwell; and E Mackintosh, to the firm Box No. of JS&S Jui 1912- Correspondence between JS&S, B&S and legal Sep 1917 advisers concerning the steps to be taken to transfer the properties to the firm of JS&S, particularly the difficulties arising from probate and estate duties payable in Hong Kong

May-Dec Correspondence reviving the question of trans 1925 ferring the properties to JS&S with the original assignments prepared in 1914 by the executors of the original partners to transfer the property but not used ◄ 1 Sep Correspondence and drafts and originals of 1933- Powers of Attorney, Affidavits and Assign 6 Apr 1934 ments arising from the arrangements to transfer the properties, including the lengthy legal discussion of the possible death duties pay able and the negotiations over this with the lawyers of the Mackintosh estate

6/7 1930 Register of Title Deeds B41 This volume contains the main register of title deeds for all JS&S interests in the Far East arranged in alphabetical order under the place and then by the company controlling and using the property. This covers JS&S; BS&S;CNCo;TSR;TD&ECo;OPCo 6/8 1930-39 4 bound volumes of reports on examinations 2025 of title deeds made up in Shanghai by B&S and covering all JS&S interests 1930 Examination and reports on the title deeds of properties owned by JS&S companies arranged in alphabetical order of port. The index is arranged by port and the page number for the property. Shanghai is included but not Hong Kong or Canton. In the front of this volume there is a report by J L Adams in 1935 on the Hong Kong and Canton properties, including the Refinery and Dockyard 1936 Reports on the title deeds of JS&S property arranged in similar lines to that of the 1930 volume but including a wider range of pMperty and again excluding Hong Kong and Canton

24 JSSI 6

1939 2 copies of reports on further title deeds Box No. additional to the two previous ones, again not including Hong Kong and Canton

6/9 1931 & Hankow Bund Dei,elopment 2016D 1947 Letter from B&S Shanghai to JS&S sending 1931 a copy of the Hankow Municipal Rescript of 11 Nov 1930 and plans of the relevant area. Plan No 118/37 Agreed boundaries of water frontage between customs and CNCo Plan No 118/38 Plan referred to in Clause 1 of Rescript

CLOSED 1947 Letter from B&S Shanghai to JS&S sending an 1982 extract referring to property, to be filed with the Rescript Documents

6/10 1942 Shanghai Property CLOSED 487 Correspondence concerning property admin 1977 istered by B&S Shanghai after the Japanese take-over 8 Jan- Copies of letters between B&S and the Swiss 20 May Consul General re property of B&S, CNCo; 1942 TCNCo; TSR seized by the Japanese giving full inventories of all the items including offices, houses, contents, plant, equipment, stores, steamers and go-downs 7 Apr - Copies of letters between B&S and Nippon 3 Jui Toryo MSg Co Ltd re their take-over of the 1942 OPCo factory

6/11 1944-45 War Claims Schedules 250 CLOSED Folders of Schedules and Working papers for 1980 making up claims for compensation for damage to JS&S property registered with the Trad- ing with the Enemy Section of the Treasury and Board of Trade JS&S and B&S Rough notebook, drafts and forms for proper ty claims giving details of the property, date of purchase, cost, value etc. China Navigation Company 3 copies of schedules sent in to the Board of Trade with working papers Taikoo Dockyard Rough notes and schedules with some corre- 25 JSSI 7

spondence re the cost of replacements of plant Box No. Tientsin Lighter Company Brief schedules and notes Rough drafts and working and letters on the completion of the various forms and the methods to be used for registering: the proper ties

6/12 18June Property Reports 487 CLOSED 1947 Correspondence from the Trading with the 1982 Enemy Section sending to JS&S photocopies of an Information and Inventory Report received from Head Quarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan on the firm's property in Japan - including its monetary holdings at the outbreak of wai

6/13 1955 Signed copy of the memorandum of Agreement 2016C CLOSED between J K Swire and Fu Yum-Chiu of Kwong 1990 Hing Investments Co Ltd for the sale to them of the B&S office in Hong Kong dated 6 Octo- ber

1866-1966 John Swire and Sons Accounts

Little of the accounting side of any of John Swire and Sons interests has survived, particularly for the Nineteenth and early Twentieth cen turies, and few full series of accounting papers remain. All accounts were sent back to London and finally made up in the London Office's Accounts Section. For the Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries the Cash Books, Journals and 3 surviving Ledgers include material relating to all JS&S interests and the correspondence between JS&S and B&S also contains some information of the making up of the annual accounts (see JSSI 1 and 2). For the Twentieth Century the individual firm's accounts survive in the form in which they were sent from the East to London (see each firm's own records) but nothing of the London side of the accounts remains. Box No. 7/1-12 Oct 1866- London Cash Books B9-20 Sep 1887 JSSI 7/1-9 run consequently but in 1881 two series began with each month entered

26 JSSI 7

alten,,ately in different volumes. This later Box No. sej,'ies is incomplete I London Journals B4-8 JSSI 7/13-16 run from 1869-1879, and 7/17 contains entries for 1883-1885; there was presumably a volume for 1880-1882 which has been lost

7/18-20 1868-1879 London Ledgers Bl-3 Three steel-edged and bound ledgers labelled 'G', 'H' and 'I' containing the main JS&S accounts

7/21&22 Feb 1882- London Petty Cash Books B21&22 Aug 1885 Two Petty Cash Books with daily entries for the London Office, entered each month in alternate volumes

7 /23&24 1871-1918 London Private Office Journals B36&37 Two volumes containing yearly entries of credit and debit of fairly small personal acc ounts of individuals connected to the firm

7/25 1868-1914 Private Ledger No I B40 Ledger, apparently connected with the two Journals (JSSI 7 /23&24), entries under the person or Company concerned

7/26 1881-1895 Balance Sheets 2016F 1881 Three folders of Accounts Sheets 1882-1885 Balance Sheet 1884 Profit and Loss Accounts Rough draft of Balance Sheet

1886-1890 Yearly Balance Sheets

1894&1895 Yearly Balance Sheets

7/27 1881-1901 Produce Sales Book B38 Accounts entries of prices and expenses of tea sales - arranged by voyage

27 JSSI 8 \. 7/28 1888-1889 Manchester Results ' "\.. Box No. Accounts showing the amounts" s'.:t~~:ing B39 jottings on staff accounts and sal~~it:~ing ::::.:~oafu

7/30 1939-1943 Varied correspondence with HM Taxes con 483 CLOSED cerning all JS&S interests and personnel em 1978 ployed by JS&S and associated companies

7/31 1940-41 Bank Balances 487 Two folders of B&S Bank Balance Statements covering all JS&S interests up to the Japanese invasion 1941

11 Jan- Hong Kong Bank Balances 22 Nov 1941 31 Dec 1940 Shanghai Bank Balances -20 Nov 1941 7/32 Mar-Nov Receipts and Vouchers, signed by GE Mitchell 487 1941 in Shanghai

7/33 1935-1964 Bank Statements of the Scott Settlement A42 Closed Account 1999 1946-1966 Rough Accounts A41 7/34 Closed 2001 Three folders of rough working notes and accounting tables covering all JS&S interests in the Far East

1870-1956 John Swire and Sons Legal Papers

This section includes legal and organisation papers from John Swire and Sons and their firms in the East which were negotiated through JS&S and stored in the London Office. These include agreements, securities, contracts and memoranda on legal matters.

28 JSSI 8

8/6 5 Jan 1914 Duplicate Agreement between J Swire, G W Box No. Swire, C C Scott, the executors of the will of 2016B J H Scott and JS&S on the formation of the private limited company 8/7 1896-1917 Series of correspondence between Union of 1181B London and Smiths Bank and JS&S concerning loans, credits and other financial affairs 8/8 1908-1911 Legal Papers and solicitors accounts arising 2016B from the legal dispute with the Mackintosh family over the estate of E Mackintosh Nov 1908- The accounts and bills of Flux, Thompson and Jul 1911 Quarrell for their handling of the case, giving details of each transaction in which they acted and an outline of the state and progress of the case 8 Dec Account of a visit by Page and Loveday, of 1911 Annan Dexter & Co for the solicitors of the Mackintosh family, Linklaters, to inspect the books of TD&ECo - gives details of the working of TD&ECo 23 Aug Draft of the Final Settlement between JS&S 1911 and the family

8/9 1919 Bangkok Wharf Syndicate 2016B Mar-Apr Correspondence between B&S, Borneo Co and Siamese Steamship Co with various legal papers concerning the lease of Windsor's Wharf, Bangrak, Bangkok 9 Sep Agreement between Borneo Co, CNCo and Straits Steamship Co for 30 years to run the Wharf and Go-down business

8/10 1933-1935 Investment Papers 2016B 1 Jan 1933 List of contents of Deed Box No 259 showing House Investments and separate list excluding House Investments (1934) List of House Investments in the East Securities 30 Dec 1934 held by National Provincial Bank 31 Dec 1934 Inscribed stock in the Bank of England List of Treasury Bonds to the account of JS&S; CNCo Tientsin Lighter Co 31 Dec 19 34 List of Securities of Savings Fund

30 JSSI 8

8/1 1870 Power of Attorney from the British & Foreign Box No. Marine Insurance Co to JS&S in Foochow 1181B 8/2 1893 Three copies of the partnership agreement 2016B between J S Swire, J H Scott, f R Gamwell E Mackintosh and J Swire for 1 January 1893 to 31 December 1913. None signed by all the partners

8/3 1904-19 3 7 Compradores Security Book 2119 Agreements, translations, copies of securities etc between the compradores and JS&S, B&S and CNCo

8/4 1905-1954 Pool Agreement Books 2051 Two volumes of letters mounted and bound and in poor physical condition. Included are copies of agreements for pooling trade and agency commissions and copies of the corres pondence arranging the agreements

Closed 1905-1932 Volume 1 1989 1935-1954 Volume 2

8/5 1913-1914 Formation of Limited Company 1164 Legal documents and correspondence relating to the formation of John Swire and Sons Limited 11 Aug 1913 Letters between JS&S and various legal advisers 19 Feb 1914 on the technicalities involved in forming a limited company - including correspondence with Thompson, Quarrel and Jones, who drew up the agreements, and their charges; the announcement of the First Ordinary general Meeting of the Shareholders for 17 Feb 1914 16 Sep 1913 Opinions by J Ashton Cross, legal adviser on -9 Jan certain technical points 1914 1 Jan 1914 Certificate of Incorporation from the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies 5 Jan 1914 Powers of Attorney by the holders of the Company's Stocks, Shares and Debentures to the Three Life Directors ND Draft memorandum and Articles of Association drawn up by Flux, Thompson and Quarrell with annotations by the partners 29 JSSI 9

8/11 19 38-1941 Coal Contracts Co"espondence Box No. 118 22 Jui 1938 Copies of letters from JS&S to B&S Shanghai -14 Feb and Hong Kong and between JS&S and Halt's 1941 re Kailan coal contract 10 Jan 1940 Copies of letters B&S Hong Kong to JS&S -4 Jui 1940 28 Jan 1938 Copies of letters B&S Shanghai to JS&S -1 Aug 1941 7 I'eb Copies of letters to Halt's from B&S Hong Kong 5 Nov 1941 Copy of letter to Halt's from B&S Shanghai -14 Feb 1941

8/12 Nov 1946 Two copies of memoranda by PH D Kent 2016B CLOSED Chairman of the Committee of British Advis- 1981 ers concerning various legal aspects arising from the hand over of Tientsin Municipal Govern- ment by the British to the Chinese authorities - including papers on roads and wharfs, loans and pensions and one dated 1943 on the position of Crown Leases in China

8/13 10 Aug Original signed contract between JS&S, on 2016B CLOSED 1956 behalf of Cathay Pacific Airways, and Con- 1991 naught Films to produce a 30 minute feature on Cathay Pacific Airways

1893-1967 John Swire and Sons Personal Papers

Various semi-business and personal material is contained in this section, particularly dealing with the Directors of the firm and their careers.

9/1 6 Aug Brief note by John S Swire to his partners con- Box No. 1898 cerning his will and the action to be taken in 2016A the event of TSR Shareholders raising questions re the deferred commission 9/2 Dec 1898 Letters from business associates and friends 2016A to JS&S and Mrs Swire on the death of John S Swire, 1 Dec 1898 9/3 21 Oct Ms letter to John Swire from C Chung Fatt, 2016A 1912 compradore SS KINLING at Hankow thanking him for the gift of a hand bag to wife and commenting on his post 31 JSSI 10

9/4 Nov 1949 Letters from business associates and friends Box No. CLOSED on the death of G W Swire 18 November 2016A 1984 1949 9/5 Jan 1955 Letters of congratulation on the appointment 2016A CLOSED of Adrian Christopher Swire to the Board of 1990 JS&S 9/6 Aug 1961 Letters on the death of Sir John Masson 10 2016A CLOSED March 1965 1996 9/7 Mar 1965 Letters on the retirement of J K Swire as Chair 2016A CLOSED man and John Swire Scott as Deputy Chair 2000 man of JS&S and the appointment of J A Swire as Chairman and AC Swire as Deputy Chairman 9/9 Jan 1967 Letters on the appointment of J H Scott to 2016A CLOSED the Board of JS&S 2002

1962-1967 John Swire and Sons Organisation Papers

A series of files concerning the developments during the I 960's of Organ isation and Management techniques and the possible application of com puterised systems to the various JS&S companies in the Far East.

10/1 Mar 1962 2 copies of a Survey of Accounting Equip Box No. CLOSED ment Requirements for B&S Hong Kong by A37 1997 Urwick, Orr and Partners Ltd 10/2 Apr 1962 UO&P surveys of Cathay Pacific Airways A37 CLOSED Jun 1964 operations and management systems. 1999 Reports Nos 1-6 concerning accounting; budgeting; control of maintenance, repair and spares costs 10/3 Sep 1964 UO&P Survey of Clerical and Accounting A37 CLOSED Procedures in the London Office 1999 10/4 1964-65 UO&P Report on Frig-Mobile operations and A38 CLOSED systems; with a copy of the Budgetary Con- 2000 trol Manual of 1965

32 JSSI 10

10/5 May-Nov Reports by B&S O&M Department on the Box No. CLOSED 1965 organisation of Cathay Pacific Airways in A38 2000 cluding the Accounts and Sales Section; Passen ger Service Dept; Overseas Purchases; Repair Order Procedures 10/6 Apr-Nov Reports by B&S O&M Dept on the running of A38 CLOSED 1965 CNCo including Stores Assignment; Purchasing 2000 and Stores Dept; General Affairs Dept; Accounts 10/7 Sep 1965 Report by B&S O&M Dept on the Mail Room A38 CLOSED of B&S Hong Kong 2000 10/8 Jan 1966 Reports by UO&P on B&S Japan, Nos 1 :3 A39 CLOSED and the Final Report t8?J Jan-Feb 2 copies of UO&P Report on Swire and Maclain A39 CLOSED 1966 and a copy of their Recommended Organisation 2001 lQ/10 Sep 1966 UO&P Survey of the O&M potential in the A39 CLOSED Group (Union House and CPA at Kai Tak 2001 Airport) 10/11 Oct 1966 Urwick Diebold Ltd Report No 1 of Group A40 CLOSED Computer Survey (5 copies) analysing the 2001 computer requirements of the Hong Kong companies 10/12 Jun 1967 UO&P General Survey of the Operations of A40 CLOSED Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Company 2002 10/13 Dec 1967 Recommendation Report by Urwick Diebold A40 CLOSED Ltd for a Reservations Control System for 2002 CPA

33 BUTTERFIELD AND SWIRE

Butterfield and Swire, the Far Eastern trading company of John Swire and Sons, was one of three companies established from the partnership of John and William Swire with R S Butterfield. The Shanghai Office opened on 1 January 1867 to handle JS&S textile shipments to China which had previously been consigned to Preston, Bruell & Co. Almost at once the firm's interests were extended with the acquisition of the agency for Alfred Holt's Blue Funnel Line and expansion into shipping, insurance and other fields was eventually to lead to the abandonment of textile shipments for which the company had originally been formed. Throughout the Nineteenth Century branches were opened and agencies established in ports in Japan, along the Yangtze River and down the China coast, includ ing in 1870 the Hong Kong office which was accorded equal status with Shanghai. Expansion also took place into South East Asia, Australia and the Philippines until there were B&S offices or agents in most parts of the Far East. Although the partnership with Butterfield was dissolved in 1868 the firm retained its original title and gradually new partners were taken in by John Swire, particularly after his brother's retirement in 1876. All JS&S interests in the East were placed under the direction of B&S and all correspondence from the East was conducted through the Hong Kong or Shanghai Head Offices. By the l 930's. apart from the manage ment of JS&S concerns in the East such as CNCo, TSR etc., B&S also held the important agencies of the Ocean Steamship Co and the China Mutual Steam Navigation Co as well as numerous insurance companies and other companies trading in the East. Despite the serious internal problems affecting China and severe Japanese competition the firm flour ished until the Japanese invasion in 1941, when the outports offices and Hong Kong were taken over and closed down and the staff interned. The Shanghai office continued to function into 1942 and some accounts and letters were sent out with the British Embassy staff who were repatriated in the spring of 1942, shortly after the remaining B&S staff were interned. During the war the B&S office at Chungking in Free China took over the remaining Chinese business of B&S while the main B&S presence in the Far East was maintained from Bombay and Calcutta by B&S (India). The Hong Kong and Shanghai Offices were reopened in the autumn of 1945 and the outports gradually as business resumed and B&S property was returned from the Japanese. Under normal conditions the Hong Kong and Shanghai Head Offices divided the various B&S responsibilities between them, although main- taining consultation on issues involving both. Shanghai controlled B&S and CNCo branches, business and property in Shanghai, along the Yangtze River and in coastal ports north of Ningpo, as well as the management of the Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Co and the Tientsin Lighter Co. Hong Kong dealt with B&S and CNCo branches and agencies on the South China coast, in Indo-China, Siam, the Philippines and the Straits, and with the management of the Dockyard and Refinery. It was also the senior Blue Funnel Agency in the East, dealing direct with Holt's in Liverpool on all matters including the routing of homeward loading vessels, and sending copies of the correspondence to Swire's in London. Eastern staff postings, pay and leave arrangements for JS&S owned con cerns were discussed by the Hong Kong and Shanghai Managers before joint recommendations were sent to London for final decision. The daily running of the firms TD&ECo, TSR and OPCo were, however in the hands of works and factory managers rather than the responsibility of B&S although all overall policy and management recommendations were made and put forward to London by the relevant B&S office. Both Head Offices were organised on the same basic structure as the London Office; the Outer Office being divided into sections dealing with particular interests and specialities and a Private Office with a Manager and assistants. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Managers wielded consider able power, all communications with London being conducted through them and their opinions were respected by the London Office. JS Swire took first William Lang, the head in Shanghai, and then J H Scott and Edwin Mackintosh as partners and these three men controlled the Eastern end for many years. Lang retired in 1888 and Scott and Mackintosh returned to Britain in the 1890's and their replacements were not taken in as partners as they had been but later in the Twentieth Century it became practice to appoint one Director from the Eastern staff who had had ex perience as Manager in Hong Kong or Shanghai. Almost every record series within the archive contains material relating to B&S, but the groups listed below concern its own particular organisa tion, mainly for the years 1922-1947. For the Nineteenth Century the JS&S correspondence series (JSSI 1 & 2) cover B&S in detail and the Accounts Books (JSSI 6) contain what evidence remains of the early financial position of the company. The majority of the local Eastern records of B&S offices were lost during the Japanese occupation (see JSSXII 1/6) and the Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century Outports Letters in to the Manager, Shanghai (JSSII 1) are an important, if incom plete, record of the functioning of the B&S organisation within China. 1 1 This record series was extensively used and quoted from by Charles Drage in his book 'Taikoo' (London 1970). 35 1883-1906 Butterfield and Swire Shanghai, Private Office Letters In

This section contains a collection of unbound letters addressed personally to the Eastern Manager in Shanghai chiefly from B&S agents stationed in various outports along the Chinese coast and the Yangtze River. All outport business was supervised from Shanghai - except Hong Kong and Canton - and many of the agents preferred to send in unofficial letters to supplement the official reports on the business of their port. For administrative and business reasons this private correspondence was not approved of either in London or Shanghai and after 1906--7 was actively discouraged. The surviving letters from the Nineteenth and early Twen tieth Centuries do, however, provide an insight into the functioning and relationship of the firm's organisation in the East of which there is little other evidence. The files of the outport offices as well as those of Hong Kong and Shanghai were lost during the Japanese occupation (1941-45), the only other interportal correspondence remaining being the copies of outports letters forwarded from time to time to London from Hong Kong or Shanghai if of particular interest to the Senior. These can be found for the Nineteenth Century and early Twentieth in JSSI 2, and for 1921 onwards in several of the main correspondence series of John Swire and Sons Ltd firms - particularly B&S (JSSII 2) and CNCo (JSSIII 1&2). The bundles of letters have been sorted into chronological order and arranged according to the port from which they originated and then arranged geographically into 4 sections: A. South Coast Ports B. River Ports Ningpo Chinkiang Foochow Nanking Amoy Wuhu Swatow Kiukiang Canton Hankow Ichang Chungking C. North Coast Ports D. Other Places Wei-Hai-Wei Far East Chefoo London Tientsin Newchwang

36 JSSII 1

A South Coast Ports Box No. 1/1 1894-1905 Ningpo A28 4 folders of letters from the B&S agent at Ningpo covering local affairs, both business and political, B&S and CNCo staff property and general organisation affairs and during June and August 1900 the possibility of trouble locally during the Boxer Uprising Jan 1894- From D Nesbitt (54 letters) Sep 1896 Sep 1896- From J R Greaves (56 letters) Oct 1897 Oct 1897 From D Nesbitt (2 letters) Dec1897- Jan 1898 From A Smith (5 letters) Feb 1898- Jul 1899 From JS Saunders (40 letters) Feb 1900- Jul 1901 From JS Saunders (29 letters) Jan-Sep 1902 From J S Saunders (15 letters) Oct 1902- Jan 1903 From FA Turnbull (14 letters) Jan-May 1903 From G W Sharples (4 letters) May 1903- Nov 1905 From T W Lammert (36 letters)

1/2 1898-1906 Foochow A25 2 folders of letters from B&S agent in Foochow covering local trade and affairs and tea prices Jan 1898- From H Baker (38 letters) Jui 1900 Jan 1901- From H Baker (22 letters) Jan 1906

1/3 1886-1905 Amoy A22 4 folders of letters from B&S agent Amoy covering local affairs and general trade situation B&S business organisation including the com pradore and European staff health problems. During the summer and autumn of 1900 Cumming writes of the effects of the Boxer disturbances in the area and in September of the Japanese invasion and describes having British forces quartered in the B&S godown

37 JSSII 1 Jan-May From N S Orr (10 letters) Box No. 1886 Jun 1886- From Edward Rose (30 letters) Sep 1887 Jan 1898- From DR Law (57 letters) May 1899 May 1899- From Alex Cumming (114 letters) Oct 1902 Nov 1902- From H F Burton (24 letters) Apr 1905 Apr 1905- From WT Harley (21 letters) Jan 1906

1/4 1883 & Swatow A28 1898-1901 4 folders of letters from Swatow B&S agent on local affairs and B&S and CNCo business. Jun 1883 Copy of a letter from the Water Front Lot holders to G Phillips, HBM Consul in Swatow for permission to erect wharves

Jan 1898- From R I Dipple (42 letters) Feb 1899 Mar 1899- From Stuart Smith (128 letters) Dec 1901 Other papers concerning the development of Swatow 1881-1887 can be found in JSSII 8/3-6

1/5 1897-1898 Canton A23 1 folder of letters concerning local affairs and trade, and plans for the building of a wharf and godowns

Oct 1897- From J R Greaves (9 letters) Mar 1899

B River Ports

1/6 1898-1900 Chinkiang A25 2 folders of letters from B&S agent Chinkiang covering trade and property in Chinkiang and also Nanking, for which the agent at Chinkiang had responsibility including planning a new branch to be opened there. From March 1900 continual troubles are reported with the corn- pradores at Chinkiang and Nanking, and during August G T Edkins an accountant was sent to sort out the financial muddle this had caused 38 JSSII 1 Jan 1898-- From J Weatherston (113 letters) Box No. Dec 1900

1/7 1901-1905 Nanking A24 5 folders of letters from B&S agent Nanking concerning the opening of the branch, particularly the property and compradoreagreements, the continuous compradore problems and the collapse of the Bund and closure of the port in January 1903 Jan-Jun From G T Edkins (50 letters) 1901 Jun 1901- From J C Fraser ( 12 letters) Mar 1902 Apr-Sep From H E Meade (5 letters) 1902 Jan-May From J C Fraser (21 letters) 1903 May 1903- From G W Sharples (8 letters) Jan 1904 Feb 1904- From Harold Bell (39 letters) Jun 1905 Jun-Aug From W Forsyth (8 letters) 1905

1/8 1900-1905 Wuhu A31 1 folder of letters concerning local affairs and personal problems of B&S agent in Wuhu Jan 1900- From W Howell (15 letters) Mar 1901 Mar-Jun From T W Lammert (9 letters) 1901 Jun1901- From George Rose (20 letters) Dec 1905

1/9 1897-1902 Kiukiang A24 4 folders from B&S agent covering local affairs and trade. Only 2 of the letters are dated 1897, the main series begins in 1898 when Arthur Smith was the B&S agent relieved by J Mclsaac Janl897- From Arthur Smith or J Mclsaac (5 3 letters) Mar 190,J Apr-Jun From J R Graves (9 letters) 1900 Jun 1900- From T W Lammert (16 letters) Feb 1901 39 JSSII 1

Mar-Jun From J C Fraser (6 letters) Box No. 1901 Jun 1901- From T W Lammert (7 letters) Mar 1902 Apr-Dec From F E Hodges (19 letters) 1902

1/10 1898-1900 Hankow A26 2 folders of letters covering local business and trade; compradore and staff problems, prop erty and during August 1900 brief mentions of the actions of the 'Reformers' i.e. Boxers. For 1898-99 letters from P Wong in Ichang were forwarded to Shanghai through Hankow and these particularly concern the purchase of property in Ichang, the expansion of trade and B&S godowns and the problems of the opium trade Jan 1898- From Gordon Brown (89 letters) Jui 1900 Jui-Dec From A B Garrick (33 letters) 1900

1/11 1900 lchang A24 1 folder of letters covering the development of lchang, the purchase of B&S property and problems of the opium trade, and a few com ments on the political troubles

Mar-Oct From P Wong (8 letters) 1900

1/12 1903-1904 Chungking A25 Nov 1903- 1 folder of letters from HBM Consulate Chung Sep 1904 king to A Wright in Shanghai concerning the malpractices of the B&S Chinese agent there - that of September 1904 involving the opium trade

C North Coast Ports

1/13 1902-1905 Wei-Hai-Wei A31 1 folder containing various letters in to Shang hai from Wei-Hai-Wei mainly from Lavers and Clark, B&S agents there, concerning their business and the Mail Subsidy

40 JSSII 1

1/14 1894-1900 Chefoo Box No. A23 3 folders of letters from Cornabe & Co (later Cornabe Eckford & Co) agents for B&S until June 1900 when B&S opened their own office there Jan 1894- From P F Lavers (C&Co) (42 letters) Sep 1898 Oct 1898- From AM Eckford (C&Co) (13 letters) Mar 1899 Mar-Oct From Arthur Anderson (CE&Co) (23 letters) 1899 Oct 1899- From W Morton Smith (CE&Co) (8 letters) Feb 1900 Feb-Jun From AM Eckford (CE&Co) (10 letters) 1900 Jun-Dec From J R Greaves (54 letters) 1900

1/15 1894-1906 Tientsin A30&31 13 folders of letters from B&S agent Tientsin covering routine B&S and CNCo business and trade, including the problems of the silting up of the Haiho River, compradore problems, and troubles with the Taku Tug and Lighter Co - including a copy of a judgement against B&S in an appeal for damages against TT&LCo (July 1899). Also letters on the political situa tion in the North affecting trade - including during the Sino-Japanese War July 1894- 1895; May-September 1900 concerning the Uprising and bombardment of Tientsin and British naval actions; 1904-06 particularly concerning the formation and organisation of the Tientsin Lighter Company Jan 1894- From W Fisher (166 letters) Jun 1898 Jun 1898- From Ross Thomson (54 letters) Jun 1899 Jun 1899- From W Fisher (129 letters) Jui 1901 Aug-Dec From E F Mackay (20 letters) 1901 Jan-May From E F Mackay (18 letters) 1903 May 1903- From Alex Cumming (12 letters) Apr 1904 May 1904- From GT Edkins (33 letters) Jan 1906 41 JSSII 1

1/16 1894-1901 Newchang Box No. A29 7 folders of letters from B&S agent covering local affairs and trade and political troubles, including the Sino-Japanese War 1894-95 when a gun-boat was sent to protect the port; relations with the Russians and June 1900 effect of Boxer Uprising on trade in the area and Nesbitt's own reactions to the dangers of revolution in Newchwang Jan 1894- From W de St Croix (88 letters) Apr 1896 May 1896- From Gordon Brown (49 letters) Dec 1897 Sep 1896- From W de St Croix in Canton (8 letters) Jan 1897 re the bunding at Newchwang Dec 1896- From D Nesbitt (66 letters) Jul 1901 Aug-Dec From G W Sharples (12 letters) 1901

D Other Places

1/17 1896-1905 Far East A27 2 folders of correspondence received in the Private Office, Shanghai from various sources other than B&S offices 1893-1902 From British Consulates and HBM Legation, Peking. (35 letters) Letters from British official representatives in China outlining policy and reactions to demands by British traders over various conflicts between British and Chinese interests - including the erection of a B&S Hulk at Amoy and the detention of SS HOAN GHO in 1900 1896-1905 Far East General (43 letters) Miscellaneous collection of letters from other companies, lawyers, individuals and traders over joint interests. Also from B&S staff on personal and health problems. Correspondence from China, Singapore, Bombay, Australia and Japan

1/18 1889-1903 London A27 2 folders of letters received in the Private Office from London

42 JSSII 2 1889-1901 From John Swire and Son (51 letters) Box No. Mainly from F R Gamwell on B&S affairs, mostly routine rather than policy matters but including observations on Swire's and general trade affairs 1896-1903 From Mrs F Dawley (18 letters) A35 Letters to J C Bois and A Wright about shares in the Company and dividends paid to her. She was the widow of a B&S employee

1921-1946 Butterfield and Swire General Correspondence

This series of soft-backed letter files contains the main official correspon dence between B&S Hong Kong and Shanghai offices with JS&S concern ing the manage:nent of the business in the East. Although specifically dealing with B&S affairs this also includes material on and matters affect ing the other JS&S firms managed in the East by B&S, including CNCo; TSR; TD&ECo etc. The files were made up in London and consist of copies of JS&S letters to the East and originals or duplicates of Hong Kong and Shanghai letters in to London, often accompanied by copies of their letters to other agencies and from Japan by copies of their correspondence with Halt's in Liverpool. The basic layout of the files remains the same throughout the period, although the system of indexing changes in 1930 from a chronological listing, with a subject synopsis, of each letter to a name and brief subject arrangement listed in alphabetical order. (The main correspondence files for all JS&S interests made up in the London Office from 1920-1946 all follow this format.)

2/1 1921-22 B&S China and Japan Box No. 37 2 folders of letters covering general management, coal contracts staff - including the salary and pensions of Chinese employees - Hong Kong and Shanghai affairs, the Amoy Boycott, OSSCo business 1921 27 Jan- To Hong Kong (37 letters) 22 Dec 7 Jan- From Hong Kong (54 letters) 30 Dec 10 Feb- To Shanghai (23 letters) 29 Dec 43 JSSII 2

llJan- From Shanghai (46 letters) Box No. 23 Dec 18 Aug 1921 To Japan (2 letters) 31 Jan 1922 10 Feb & From Japan (2 letters) 6 Jun 27 Oct & To Sundry Ports (2 letters) 13 Dec 1922 19 Jan- To Hong Kong (32 letters) 28 Dec 6 Jan-- From Hong Kong (70 letters) 18 Dec 5 Jan- To Shanghai (27 letters) 21 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (62 letters) 29 Dec 30 Nov To Japan (! letter) 22 Feb- From Japan (13 letters) 30 Dec 16 Mar To Sundry Ports(! letter) 17 Mar- From Sundry Ports (4 letters) 8 Jui

2/2 1923 B&S China and Japan Letters 38 File covering routine management and admin istration including staff, and also political aspects of Shanghai and Canton affairs affecting B&S business 4 Jan- To Hong Kong (50 letters) 27 Dec 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (61 letters) 31 Dec 4 Jan- To Shanghai (41 letters) 27 Dec 5 Jan- From Shanghai (66 letters) 21 Dec 7 Aug- To Japan (including re the earthquake at 24 Oct Yokohama on 1 Sept) (7 letters) 2 Jan- From Japan (11 letters) 10 Oct 24 Jul- To Sundry Ports (9 letters) 28 Sep

44 JSSII 2

2/3 1924 B&S China and Japan Box No. Routine administration, including CNCo affairs 39 and the Insurance Agency business. From Japan re the rebuilding of Yokohama 15 Jan- To Hong Kong (37 letters) 12 Dec 9 Jan- From Hong Kong (85 letters) 19 Dec 3 Jan- To Shanghai (32 letters) 12 Dec 11 Jan- From Shanghai (72 letters) 24 Dec 8 Jan- To Japan (3 letters) 27 May 12 Mar- From Japan (7 letters) 28 Apr

2/4 1925 B&S China and Japan 40 Routine management of B&S and Insurance Agency, also re riots, strikes and general pol itical situation as it affected business in Hong Kong and Shanghai. From Japan re OSSCo affairs and Trans-Pacific trade 16 Jan- To Hong Kong (44 letters) 24 Dec 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (146 letters) 31 Dec 9 Jan- To Shanghai (58 letters) 24 Dec 9 Jan- From Shanghai (105 letters) 31 Dec 12 Nov- To Japan (3 letters) 16 Dec 8 May- From Japan (15 letters) 22 Dec 12 Feb- To Sundry Ports ( 4 letters) 15 Aug

2/5 1926 B&S China and Japan 41 Two volumes Jan-June; July-Dec. Apart from routine management of B&S interests this also covers information on political developments affecting Swire's - of particular interest being a copy of a letter from the British Chamber of Commerce, Canton on the part played by Russian communists in the strike. 45 JSSII 2

The Japanese correspondence is again con Box No. cerned with Trans-Pacific routes

January-June 1 Jan- To Hong Kong (21 letters) 18 Jun 1 Jan- From Hong Kong (76 letters) 25 Jun 1 Jan- To Shanghai (15 letters) 30 Jun 4 Jan- From Shanghai (44 letters) 25 Jun 6 Jan- To Japan (7 letters) 30 Jun 16 Jan- From Japan (6 letters) 28 May July-December 13 Jul- To Hong Kong (12 letters) 17 Dec 2 Jul- From Hong Kong (45 letters) 31 Dec 20 Aug- To Shanghai (12 letters) 17 Dec 9 Jul- From Shanghai (32 letters) 31 Dec 23 Jul- To Japan (2 letters) 10 Dec 15 Jul- From Japan (4 letters) 1 Nov

2/6 1927 B&S China and Japan 42 Routine management and general affairs, also covering the political situation as it affects Swire's in the Yangtze region - including copies of letters from ports on the river to B&S Shanghai (from Shanghai). From Hong Kong re local politics including the building of the War Memorial Hospital 20 Jan- To Hong Kong (42 letters) 21 Dec 5 Jan From Hong Kong (76 letters) 30 Dec 7 Jan- To Shanghai (38 letters) 16 Dec 7 Jan- From Shanghai (109 letters) 23 Dec 29 Apr To Japan (1 letter) re safe key

46 JSSII 2

2/9 1930 B&S China and Japan Box No. 45 2 Volumes. Routine management from Shang- hai political situation in the Yangtze River region and the effect of their trade January-June 3 Jan- London to China (34 letters) 20 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (26 letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (24 letters) 28 Jun July-December Note-index changes to subject arranged system here 4 Jui- London to China (47 letters) 24 Dec 4Jul- From Hong Kong (34 letters) 26 Dec 4Jul- From Shanghai (45 letters) 26 Dec 3 Oct To Japan (1 letter) 2 Aug- From Japan (6 letters) 28 Nov 15-22 To Sundry Ports (2 letters) Aug To Hankow

2/10 1931 B&S China and Japan 46 2 Volumes. Routine affairs and local developments in Shanghai and Hong Kong January-June 9 Jan- London to China (51 letters) 26 Jun 9 Jan- From Hong Kong (29 letters) 19 Jun 9 Jan- From Shanghai (41 letters) 26 Jun 9 Jan- To Japan (3 letters) 8 May 9 Jan- From Japan (3 letters) 2 Apr July-December 3 Jui- London to China (68 letters) 24 Dec 3 Jui- From Hong Kong (48 letters) 31 Dec

48 JSSII 2

2/7 1928 B&S China and Japan Box No. 43 2 Volumes. Routine affairs and discussion of the compradore system January-June 13 Jan- London to China (45 letters) 29 Jun 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (34 letters) 27 Jun 6 Jan- From Shanghai (51 letters) 29 Jun 20 Mar- From Japan (3 letters) 29 May July-December 13 Jui-·- London to China (28 letters) 28 Dec 6 Jui- From Hong Kong (30 letters) 20 Dec 3 Jui- From Shanghai (43 letters) 20 Dec 21 Sep To Japan (1 letter) 27 Jui- From Japan ( 4 letters) 9 Oct

2/8 1929 B&S China and Japan 44 2 volumes. Routine affairs January-June 2 Jan- London to China (16 letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (28 letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Shanghai (48 letters) 28 Jun Jan From Japan (I letter) July-December 5Jul- London to China (31 letters) 20 Dec 12 Jui- From Hong Kong (30 letters) 27 Dec 4 Jui- From Shanghai (29 letters) 27 Dec Jui To Japan (I letters) Jui- From Japan (3 letters) Nov

47 JSSII 2

3 Jul- From Shanghai (77 letters) Box No. 31 Dec 2 Oct To Japan (I letter) 28 Oct- From Japan (9 letters) 17 Dec

2/11 1932 B&S China and Japan 47 Routine business and political developments particularly economies - from HK includes a copy of the Hong Kong Blue Book. 'The Report of the Retrenchment Commission and Government's commentary thereon'. Local affairs include the political problems of Shang hai and the River area 8 Jan- To China (95 letters) 9 Dec 12 Jan- From Hong Kong (71 letters) 30 Dec 8 Jan- From Shanghai (88 letters) 30 Dec 16 Mar- To Japan (10 letters) 27 May 20 Jan- From Japan 10 letters) 23 Dec 8 Feb- To Sundry Ports Singapore; Dairen; Bangkok 14 Oct Harbin (4 letters)

2/12 1933-34 B&S China and Japan 48 General business affairs 6 Jan 1933- To China (110 letters) 21 Dec 1934 6 Jan 1933- From Hong Kong (100 letters) 28 Dec1934 6 Jan 1933- From Shanghai (101 letters) 14 Dec 1934 19Jan1934-To Japan (4 letters) 25Jan1935 11Jan1933- From Japan (21 letters) 11Dec1934 29Mar 1934-To Sundry Ports (4 letters) 18Jan1935

49 JSSII 2

2/13 1935 B&S China and Japan Box No. 49 Routine business. From Japan re Japanese situation and Pacific Shipping

4 Jan- To China ( 81 letters) 27 Dec 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (124 letters) 31 Dec 4 Jan- From Shanghai (61 letters) 20 Dec 17 May- To Japan (7 letters) 28 Sep 7 Feb- From Japan (15 letters) 23 Oct 18 Jan- To Sundry Ports (4 letters) 10 Sept

2/14 1936 B&S China and Japan 50 Routine business of B&S, Blue Funnel Line, Insurance 3 Jan- To China (95 letters) 24 Dec 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (88 letters) 31 Dec 3 Jan- From Shanghai (7 5 letters) 30 Dec 14 Feb- To Japan (3 letters) 27 Nov 6 Feb- From Japan (6 letters) 3 Dec 24 Apr- To Sundry Ports (2 letters) 20 Nov 6 Jan- From Sundry Ports (6 letters) 8 Sept

2/15 1937 B&S China and Japan Letters 51 Routine business of B&S interests and from Hong Kong and Shanghai letters on the political state in China and its effects on their interests. From Hong Kong comments on the implica tions of the war with Japan and from Tientsin (In From Sundry Ports) letter re the situation there 1 Jan- To China (83 letters) 24 Dec 8 Jan- From Hong Kong (76 letters) 24 Dec 50 JSSII 2 15 Jan- From Shanghai (125 letters) Box No. 31 Dec 22 Jan- To Japan ( 4 letters) 24 Dec 29 Jan From Japan (12 letters) 9 Aug From Sundry Ports (1 letter) 2/16 1938 B&S China and Japan 52 Routine but increasing amount of political commentary in all sections especially from Shanghai re Japanese influence on the Shanghai Municipal Council and in the Yangtze area. Letters to the East more revealing than pre viously of British business attitudes to the war and Far Eastern situation 7 Jan- To China (97 letters) 23 Dec 7 Jan- From Hong Kong (86 letters) 29 Dec 7 Jan- From Shanghai (117 letters) 30 Dec 25 Mar- To Japan (5 letters) 19 Aug 22 Mar From Japan (6 letters) l Dec 23 Feb- To Sundry Ports (2 letters) 9 Sept

2/17 1939 B&S China and Japan 53 Routine business but heavily concerned with war in China and after September with plans for European War conditions. From Shanghai a great deal of material re the situation in the Far East and Japanese relations. See also Shanghai 1939 JSSII 3/1&2; 3/6&7 6 Jan- To China (89 letters) 22 Dec 5 Jan- From Hong Kong (77 letters) 22 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (119 letters) 29 Dec 20 Jan- To Japan (2 letters) 19 May 5 Apr- From Japan (10 letters) 18 Sept 23 Oct To Sundry Ports (1 letter) 2May- From Sundry Ports (3 letters) 17 Jul 51 JSSII 2

2/18 B&S China and Japan Box No. CLOSED 54 Covers general business affairs up to the Japan 1978 ese invasion of Shanghai and Hong Kong and the transfer of B&S to Chungking and India for the war period. For 1940 and January to March 1941 Shanghai's correspondence is filed separ ately, see JSSII 3/1; 3/3-5; 3/8-12 26 Jan 1940 To China and India (143 letters) -17 Dec 1943 5 Jan 1940 From Hong Kong and India (120 letters) -31 Dec 1943 Jan 1940-Nov 1941 from Hong Kong Dec 1941-Dec 1943 from Australia, then India 14 Feb 1941 From Shanghai and Chungking (61 letters) -8Oct 1943 Feb-Nov 1941 from Shanghai Jan 1942-Oct 1943 from Chungking 2/19 1944-45 205 CLOSED B&S China and Japan 1980 Correspondence from Bombay and Chungking on the management of B&S, particularly per sonnel. From Shanghai and Hong Kong after the return in Sept-Oct 1945 re the re-taking and restoration of B&S interests and property 3Marl944- To China (82 letters) 14 Dec 1945 25 Feb 1944 From Hong Kong (81 letters) -21 Dec 1945 March 1944-Sept 1945 from Bombay Oct-Dec 1945 from Hong Kong 7 Jan 1944 From Shanghai (98 letters) -21 Dec 1945 Jan 1944-Sept 1945 from Chungking Oct-Dec 1945 from Shanghai

Oct 1944- Chungking Reports Oct 1945 Monthly reports on Chungking affairs and B&S business in China

2/20 1946 B&S China and Japan 407 CLOSED Routine matters arising from the return to busi- 1981 ness, repair of plant and property, staff com pensation and restoration of trade in the Far East generally. From Hong Kong Port Adminis tration Inquiry Committee 52 JSSII 3

4 Jan- To China (21 letters) 27 Dec 3 Jan - From Hong Kong (82 letters) 20 Dec 15 Jan- From Shanghai (114 letters) 27 Dec

1939-1941 Shanghai Master File

This series consists of twelve bound volumes of copies of letters to and from B&S Shanghai, made up and indexed in Shanghai in May 1941. Letters sent from and received into the Private Office covering all the concerns with which the office dealt were copies and made into individual volumes for convenient reference. The series, therefore, supplements for the years 1939-1941 a number of the correspondence series of particular firms managed by B&S, notably for B&S itself - JSSII 2/ 17 & 18; B&S Properties JSSII 4/7; CNCo Shanghai JSSIII 2/19 & 20; CNCo Properties JSSIII 4/27; CNCo Accounts Letters JSSIII 5/1 & 2; OPCo JSSIX 1/6 & 7. The volume JSSII 3/1 covers mainly political and general policy matters, trade and the development of the various companies, while volumes 3/2- 12 cover more specific business interests, including staff, equipment etc. Apart from volume 3/1 which being divided by subject has less need of an index, the other volumes contain contents lists arranged under date order of letter with a brief synopsis of the company and subject dealt with. One subject index for the whole of 1940 can be found in 3/3, arranged in alphabetical order and giving the number of relevant letter in each volume - this index covers volumes 3/3 7 4 from London and 3/8-11 from Shanghai. There is no similar index for 1939 or 1941.

3/1 Jui 1939- Shanghai Private Letters Box No. Mar 1941 2063 This volume contains ts copies of letters to and from B&S Shanghai and JS&S London concern ing all their activities and not just B&S house business. While the other volumes in this series contain firm to firm correspondence this vol ume consists of letters between the managers or on general political matters rather than purely business management. The file is divided between the different subjects covered by the letters

53 JSSII 3

3/1 1 7 May 1940 In te"egnum Box No. -28 Mar 2063 Interregnum was a code word to be sent by 1941 London should it become necessary for the offices in Shanghai and Hong Kong to take over as the head offices of the firm in event of the serious disruption or complete elimina tion of the London office. The file contains correspondence on the transfer of authority to the East and discusses the possible develop ments towards war with Japan in the East

Managers' Letters To and From London 21 Jui 1939 From Shanghai -7 Mar Letters from Mitchell, Manager in Shanghai to 1940 London re staff, general affairs and politics in Shanghai 11 Aug 1939 To Shanghai -21 Feb Letters from London, JS&S, to Mitchell mainly 1941 dealing with the war in Europe and the firms' arrangements Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Co Managers' Letters 10 Nov 1939 Shanghai to London -21 Mar Letters from Mitchell as OPCo Manager to JK 1941 and GW Swire 11 Aug 1939 London to Shanghai -21 Feb GW and JK Swire to Mitchell 1941 Shanghai Municipal Corporation Shanghai to London 19 May 1939 Letters from B&S Shanghai to JS&S concerning -28 Mar the composition and balance of power in the 1941 Corporation; Japanese attitudes and behaviour and the problems of the British business com munity and B&S in particular 19 Oct 1939 London to Shanghai -21 Feb JS&S to B&S Shanghai re attitudes and policies 1941 in Britain affecting their situation in Shanghai and sending advice, opinions and news

OPCo Staff 7 Jui 1939- Shanghai to London 7 Mar 1941 Mainly concerning the organisation of the fac tory and its staff 7 Jui 1939- London to Shanghai 7 Feb 1941 Advice on running the factory and information on staff recruited in Britain or on leave Private Sundries 1940-41 12 Jan 1940-Shanghai to London

54 JSSII 3

21 Mar 1941 Mainly letters B&S Shanghai to JS&S concern- Box No. ing general affairs and politics affecting the firm's interests 26 Jan 1940 London to Shanghai -21 Feb JS&S to B&S Shanghai re political and general 1941 affairs Private Sundries 1939 14 Jui- London to Shanghai 24Nov1939 7 Jui- Shanghai to London 29Dee1939

3/2 7Jul- London to Shanghai 29Dec1939 2054 333 Letters in bound volume numbered from 398-731; and consisting of copies of letters from JS&S to B&S Shanghai, and also of letters sent jointly to Shanghai and Hong Kong. These letters cover all JS&S interests dealt with in Shanghai, particularly CNCo, B&S itself and OPCo but also including letters concerned with TLCo, TCNCo, TD&ECo, Blue Funnel Agency and general staff and Insurance problems

3/3 5 Jan- London to Shanghai 2059 28Jun1940 Letters 1-325, copies of JS&S letters to B&S sending instructions on policy and decisions concerning all JS&S interests in Shanghai and China. This volume contains an index for the whole of 1940, covering 3/2-4 and 3/8- 11, arranged by subject

3/4 5 Jui- London to Shanghai 2060 27Dec1940 Letters 326-594, copies of JS&S letters to B&S Shanghai continuing correspondence from 3/3

3/5 3 Jan- London to Shanghai 2062 28Febl941 Letters 1-132, copies of letters JS&S to B&S Shanghai concerning all their interests in Shanghai and the Yangtze and Northern ports. Some letters addressed jointly to Shanghai and Hong Kong give details of Hong Kong's interests.

55 JSSII 3

3/6 7 Jul- Shanghai to London Box No. 27 Sep 2052 Letters 509-731, copies of letters B&S Shang- 1939 hai to JS&S London, acting as agents for CNCo; general agents for OPCo etc and covering all business management concerns, staff and insurance

3/7 4 Oct- Shanghai to London 205 3 29 Dec Letters 732-941, copies of letters from B&S 1939 Shanghai to JS&S London again covering a[ business interests, particularly CNCo and OPCo and concerned with staff, properties and insurance

3/8 5 Jan- Shanghai to London 2055 29 Mar 1940 Letters 1-216; copies of letters B&S Shanghai to JS&S London covering all interests in Shang- hai and Yangtze and Northern China ports concerning staff, general business, insurance and properties

3/9 5 Apr- Shanghai to London 2056 28 Jun 1940 Letters 21 7 -448; copies of letters B&S Shang- hai to JS&S London continuing from 3/8

3/10 5 Jul- Shanghai to London 2051 27 Sep 1940 Letters 449-603; copies of letters B&S Shang- hai to JS&S London concerning all interests

3/11 4 Oct- Shanghai to London 2058 27 Dec 1940 Letters 604-795; copies of letters B&S Shang hai to JS&S London covering all interests

3/12 3 Jan- Shanghai to London 2061 28 Mar 1941 Letters 1-180; copies of letters B&S Shanghai to JS&S London covering all interests

56 JSSII 4 t 1920-1943 Butterfield and Stire Property Letters

This correspondence series consists of files of letters between JS&S and B&S in Hong Kong and Shanghai dealing ith all matters relating to the management of B&S property interests,· eluding offices, storage, housing, vessel, hulks, go-downs etc. and thei repair, maintenance, development, purchase and sale. The Shanghai office handled its own property and that in the Yangtze River ports,. alo the North China coast and as far South as Foochow, while Hong K g dealt with its own and that on the coast from Amoy south and Ja an. The files were m e and indexed on the format of JSSII 2 and for correspondence fo~ Shanghai 1939-1941 see JSSII 3. Deeds, property registers and oth ;r legal documents relating to B&S property can be found in JSSII and also in JSSI 6.

4/1 B&S Property Letters Box No. 166 5Febl920- To Hong Kong (8 letters) / 5Octl922 30Janl920- From Hong Kong (24 letters) 30Decl922 1 Jan 1920- To Shanghai (SB letters) 2Nov 1922 9Janl920- From Shanghai (114 letters) 29Decl922 1 Jan 1920- To Sundry Ports (2 letters) 14Decl922 6Janl920- From Sundry Ports (11 letters) 9 Nov 1922

4/2 1923-24 B&S Property Letters 167 4Janl923- To Hong Kong (12 letters) 5Decl924 19Febl923- From Hong Kong (24 letters) 7 Nov 1924 4Janl923- To Shanghai (52 letters) 24Decl924 5Janl923- From Shanghai (106 letters) 24Decl924 17 Apr- To Japan (5 letters) 23Octl923 26Janl923- From Japan (11 letters) 19Decl924

57 JSSII 4

4/3 1925-26 B&S Prope}ty Letters Box No. 168 2Jan 1925- To Hong ~ong (25 letters) 24Dec1926 9Janl925- From Honts Kong (47 letters) 31Dec1926 2Janl925- To Shangha~. letters) 24Dec1926 I 9Jan1925- From Shanghai (9 .5' Jetters) 17Dec1926 18Augl925- From Japan ( 4 letters) 18Novl926 ~

4/4 1927-32 B&S Property Letters ·, 169 \ 5 Volumes \ 1927-28 '- 28Janl927- London to China (25 letters) 9Novl928 21Janl927- From Hong Kong (12 letters) ' 7 Sep 1928 13Janl927- From Shanghai (63 letters) 14Dec1928 ~ 1929 11 Jan- London to China (18 letters) 20 Dec 5 Jui & From Hong Kong (2 letters) 6 Sept 4 Jan- From Shanghai (34 letters) 6 Dec 1 Nov To Japan (I letter) 7 Oct- From Japan (3 letters) 4 Dec January-June 1930 3 Jan- To China (16 letters) 20 Jun 28 Feb- From Hong Kong (8 letters) 20 Jun 10 Jan- From Shanghai (14 letters) 27 Jun 25 Apr To Japan (I letter) 25 Apr- From Ja pan (7 letters) 19 Jun

July-December 1930 4 Jui- To China (11 letters) 5 Dec 25 Jui- From Hong Kong (9 letters) 12 Dec

58 JSSII 4

4 Jui- From Shanghai (10 letters) Box No. 5 Dec 14 Nov To Japan (1 letter) 4 Jui- From Japan (7 letters) 16 Oct 1931-32 9Janl931- To China (66 letters) 16Decl932 11Janl931- From Hong Kong (23 letters) 25Novl932 2Janl931- From Shanghai (8 3 letters) 30Decl932 30Janl931- To Japan (6 letters) 15Apr1932 7Janl931- From Japan ( 14 letters) 31 May 1932

4/5 1933-35 B&S Property Letters 170 2 Volumes January 1933-December 1934 6Jan1933- To China (91 letters) 28Dec1934 6Jan 1933- From Hong Kong (39 letters) 28Decl933 6Janl933- From Shanghai (120 letters) 14Dec 1934 l 7Febl933- To Ja pan (3 letters) 19Oct 1934 11Jan1933- From Japan (14 letters) 12Nov1934 1935 4 Jan- To China (39 letters) 6 Dec 18 Jan- From Hong Kong (17 letters) 13 Dec 4 Jan- From Shanghai (68 letters) 27 Dec 25 Jan- From Ja pan (5 letters) 6 Sep

4/6 1936-37 B&S Property Letten 171

10Jan1936- To China (56 letters 31Decl937 10Jan1937- From Hong Kong (35 letters) 24Dec1937 3Janl936- From Shanghai (85 letters) 31Dec1937 59 JSSII 5 13Mar1936- To Japan (2 letters) Box No. 24Dec1937 13Febl936- From Japan (9 letters) 6Dec1937

4/7 1938-46 B&S Properties CLOSED 447 i981 28Jan1938- To China (109 letters) 13Decl946 Note for letters to Shanghai July 1939-Feb 1941 see JSSII 3/1-5 18Febl938- From Hong Kong (98 letters) 20Dec1946 5Jull940- From Shanghai (101 letters) 27Dec1946 Note for letters from Shanghai for 1939 see JSSII 3/1; 6 & 7 for 1940 see JSSII 3/1; 8-11 for 1941 see JSSII 3/1 & 12

1939-1947 Butterfield and Swire Accounts Lette.rs

Series of correspondence files for 1939-47 dealing with the making up of the accounts of the firm in Hong Kong and Shanghai and with financial matters in general. The letters particularly concern staff accounts including salaries and tax and after 1945 the complications arising from interned staff and loss of possessions etc. and in the post war period also the problems of the inflation in Shanghai and Hong Kong and its effect on salaries in particular

5/1 1939 House Accounts Letters Box No. 263 6 Jan- To China (100 letters) 29 Dec 5 Jan- From Hong Kong (95 letters) 30 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (155 letters) 29 Dec Jan-Dec Sundry Correspondence JS&S letters mainly re staff accounts

60 JSSII 5

5/2 1940 House Accounts Letters Box No. 263 5 Jan- To China (116 letters) 27 Dec 5 Jan- From Hong Kong (79 letters) 20 Dec 11 Jan- From Shanghai (92 letters) 31 Dec Cost of Living Letters 26 Apr- To China (3 letters) 20 Dec 26 Jan- From Hong Kong (13 letters) 22 Nov 12 Jan- From Shanghai (19 letters) 6 Dec

5/3 1941 House Accounts Letters 266 3 Jan- To China (145 letters) 19 Dec 10 Jan- From Hong Kong (152 letters) 30 Dec 3 Jan- From Shanghai (113 letters) 28 Nov Cost of Living Letters 31 Jan- To China (15 letters) 24 Oct 7 Feb- From Hong Kong (10 letters) 21 Nov 10 Jan- From Shanghai (25 letters) 21 Nov Jan-Dec Sundry Letters JS&S correspondence with other companies and B&S staff re accounts

5/4 1942 House Accounts Letters 267 CLOSED 1977 2 Jan- To Calcutta, Chungking, Australia (132 letters) 17 Dec 9 Jan- From India, Chungking, Freemantle (111 let- 18 Dec ters) Cost of Living 8May To India (1 letter) 30 Jan- From India and Chungking (8 letters) 3 Nov Jan-Dec Sundry Correspondence JS&S letters particularly re staff accounts

61 JSSII 5

5/5 1943 House Accounts Letters Box No. 268 1 Jan- To India and Chungking (69 letters) 31 Dec 8 Jan- From India and Chungking (74 letters) 31 Dec Cost of Living 12 Mar To India (1 letter) 5 Feb- From India and Chungking (7 letters) 29 Oct Jan-Dec Sundry Correspondence JS&S letters with staff and companies, includ ing banks, insurance and Provident Fund

5/6 1944 House Accounts Letters 268 CLOSED 1979 7 Jan- To Bombay and Chungking (66 letters) 22 Dec 7 Jan- From Bombay and Chungking (79 letters) 22 Dec 4 Feb- Cost of Living Indices ( 4 letters) 6 Oct B&S Bombay to JS&S London Jan-Dec Sundry Letters JS&S corespondence with staff and other companies

5/7 1945 House Accounts Letters 269 CLOSED 1980 5 Jan- To Bombay and Chungking (75 letters) 21 Dec 2 Jan- From Bombay and Chungking (177 letters) 28 Dec (after September 1945 most of the corres pondence is from Hong Kong and Shanghai re the take over from the Japanese) 6 Apr- Cost of Living Indices (4 letters) 30 Nov Jan-Dec Sundry Correspondence JS&S letters re accounts

5/8 Jan-June 374 CLOSED 1946 House Accounts Letters 1981 4 Jan- To the East (11 7 letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (108 letters) 28 Jun 4Jan- From Shanghai (133 letters) 28 Jun 25 Jan& To Bombay (2 letters) 29 Mar to Shaw Wallace & Co

62 JSSII 5

3 Jan- From Bombay (25 letters) Box No. 26 Jun from Shaw Wallace & Co 18 Jan To Chungking (I letter) 3Jul1945- From Chungking (11 letters) 28Augl946 Jan-Jun Sundry JS&S letters mainly re post-war staff problems

5/9 Jui-Dec House Accounts Letters CLOSED 1946 373 1981 5 Jui- To the East (185 letters) 27 Dec 1 Jui- From Hong Kong (136 letters) 27 Dec 5 Jui- From Shanghai (219 letters) 27 Dec 3 Jui- From Bombay (14 letters) 20 Dec Jan-Dec Cost of Living Indices For Shanghai Dec 1945-Dec 1946 For Hong Kong Mar-Oct 1946 Jui-Dec Sundry JS&S correspondence mainly re staff accounts

5/10 1947 Hong Kong Accounts Letters 482A CLOSED 2 folders covering Hong Kong letters to JS&S 1982 January-June 3 Jan- To Hong Kong (91 letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (94 letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Bombay (9 letters) 30 Apr 10 Jan- Cost of Living Indices (6 letters) 20 Jun 31 Dec1946-Weekly Statements of 27 Jun 194 7 Bank Balances Copy of newspaper report on the Hong Kong Budget July-December 4 Jul- To Hong Kong (109 letters) 26 Dec 4 Jul- From Hong Kong (103 letters) 26 Dec 3 Jui- Statements of Bank Balances 24 Dec 25 Jui& Cost of Living Letters 10 Oct

63 JSSII 6

5/11 1947 Shanghai Accounts Letters Box No. CLOSED 4828 1982 2 folders of letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai January-June 3 Jan- To Shanghai (57 letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (120 letters) 27 Jun 17 Jan- Cost of Living Indices 30 May 3 Jan- Bank Balance Statements 27 Jun Jan-Jun Sundry

July-December 4 Jul- To Shanghai ( 4 7 letters) 19 Dec 4 Jul- From Shanghai (109 letters) 26 Dec 4 Jul- Cost of Living Indices 5 Dec 4 Jul- Weekly Statements of Bank Balances 26 Dec 18 Jul- Exchange rates 26 Dec Jul-Dec Sundry

1936-1955 Butterfield and Swire Accounts

Accounts for B&S for the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries can be found entered within the main John Swire and Sons Accounts Books made up in London (see JSSI 7) but only one separate series of House Accounts from the East has survived covering the years 1936-45. The accounts sheets sent to London from Hong Kong and Shanghai vary in content but generally cover most expenditures and earnings of B&S in Hong Kong, Shanghai and outports in China and Japan, including commissions earned from other JS&S firms for whom they acted as agents.

6/1 1936-38 Hong Kong and Shanghai Accounts Box No. 261 2 copies for Hong Kong and Shanghai Hong Kong 64 JSSII 6

Accounts sheets for 1936; 1937 and 1938 Box No. for expenditures - salaries, property repairs and earnings Shanghai Profit and loss accounts, including the costs of the compradore reorganisation scheme

6/2 1936-38 Outports Accounts 228 2 copies of the accounts sheets from each port - showing expenditures and earnings Amoy Dairen Hankow Harbin Moukdon Nanking Swatow Tientsin Tsangtao

6/3 1940 Hong Kong and Shanghai Accounts 264 House Ledger Balances For half-year to 30 June 1940 for Hong Kong; Shanghai and outports Hong Kong Accounts For year ending 31 Dec 1940 Shanghai Accounts For year ending 31 Dec 1940 Stores Department Working accounts for Hong Kong and Shanghai Insurance Ledger Balances For Hong Kong Insurance Ledger Balances For Shanghai Blue Funnel Ledger Balances Hong Kong: 31 March; 30 June; 30 Sept; 31 Dec Shanghai: 30 June

65 JSSII 6 6/4 1940 Outports Accounts Box No. 264 Accounts sheets for: Amoy Dairen Hankow Harbin Nanking Swatow Tientsin Tsingtao

6/5 1940 Japan Accounts 264 Annual accounts for year ending 31 Dec for Yokohama; Kobe; Osaka

6/6 1941 Eastern Accounts 265 House Ledger Balances For outports for half year to 30 June Japan Ledger Balances For Yokohama for half-year to 30 June Shanghai Accounts Profit and loss including costs of compradore reorganisation Blue Funnel Ledger Balances Hong Kong: 31 March; 30 June; 31 Sept Shanghai: 30 June

6/7 1942 Eastern Accounts 265 CLOSED 1977 Shanghai Up to July 1942 Chungking To 31 Dec 1942

6/8 1942-45 Indian Accounts 265 CLOSED 1980 4 folders of working accounts and Balance sheets made up in Bombay by B&S for 1942- 45

6/9 1945 Hong Kong and Shanghai Accounts 265 CLOSED 1980 Accounts for the period to the end of 1945 from the re-occupation in the autumn

66 JSSII 6 Hong Kong Box No. Ledger Balances as at 31 Dec including accounts with London Shanghai For Sep-Dec one set of ledger balances were kept for all interests including B&S house acc ounts for Shanghai and outports

6/10 1952-55 Japan Accounts Vouchers CLOSED 548 1990 Sets of vouchers and receipts from the business activities of B&S Japan Jan 1953 War Compensation Claim Financial statements supporting the claim for compensation for Japanese property of Swire Gomei Kaisha (B&S Japan) Jan 1952- Vouchers for Kansai Agents House Jan 1953 Apr 1952- Vouchers for work and goods for new Osaka Jun 1954 office Feb 1953- Kobe Vouchers Apr 1955 Dec 1952- General Vouchers Apr 1953 Mar- General Vouchers Sep 1953 Nov 1954- General Vouchers Dec 1955

1919-1945 Butterfield and Swire Staff

Material relating to the employment and deployment of B&S staff, their welfare, pay and pensions can be found throughout the main B&S correspondence series JSII 2. Specialised staff files were also created, either by B&S or JS&S to deal with particular aspects of staff affairs. In some instances London placed correspondence on particular subjects concerning all or several of their interests in subject files and these can be found in JSSI 5. 5/2-5 cover various staff matters, including the Provident Fund, Agreements and Internees' problems, with sections devoted to B&S staff. Most of these files are from WWII and post-war period.

67 JSSII 8

7 /1 1919-1933 Butterfield and Swire Profit Sharing Scheme Box No. 2016D Figures relating to the scheme for B&S staff to participate in the profits of the firm for the years 1919; 1921; 1922; 1923; 1924; 1928; 1932; 1933. Listing the staff, their length of service, their salaries and the amount due to them

7 /2 1941-47 B&S Staff Endowment Assurance Scheme CLOSED 2016D 1982 18Dec1939- Letters to JS&S London from the Guardian ll Decl947 Assurance Co Ltd concerning policies of B&S staff 23Apr1941- Copies of letters JS&S to Guardian Assurance 11Dec1947 Co Ltd concerning the renewal of policies and payments to policy holders 7May1941- Copies of JS&S letters to B&S China re policies 12Decl947 11Apr1941- Letters from B&S Hong Kong to JS&S re 26Dec1947 policies 11Apr1941- Letters from B&S Shanghai to JS&S re policies 9Octl946 1941-47 Alphabetically arranged correspondence with B&S Staff policy holders re their policies and payments 7/3 19Apr1944- Correspondence between JS&S Ltd and various 2016D CLOSED12Janl945 parties re N S Brown, former member of B&S 1980 staff in the Far East and his condition and cir- cumstances in hospital in Britain and subse quent death

1872-1965 Butterfield and Swire Legal Documents

These include a wide range of papers mostly of a legal nature, including leases on B&S property and agreements of various types relating to com mercial transactions. One interesting series originated from B&S Swatow and covers the range of that office's business organisation during the late Nineteenth century.

8/1 29 Feb Power of Attorney for B&S to handle the Box No. 1872 insuring through Lloyds of goods on OSSCo 2016D steamers

68 JSSII 8

8/2 10 Mar River Trade Agreement between B&S, acting Box No. 1874 for themselves and CNCo, and Russell & Co, 2016D acting for themselves and as agents of Shanghai Steam Navigation Co

8/3 1881-1887 B&S Swatow Property Papers A19 1882 Analysis of Swatow Expenses of Wharf and Go-downs 24 Feb 1883 Price of hand pump (illegible) proposed for Water Boat Mar 1883 Displacement of SS CHANGCHOW from Chefoo to Swatow Mar 1885 Proposed B&S developments within the Bund Scheme - letters re permission 4Jun1885 Contract with Chip Sing, builder, for new sea- wall 18Jan1886 Letters from B&S Swatow to JS&S re 1885 affairs especially the new Bund and wharf Jun-Jui Reports of John Whittle on the wharf and pan- 1886 toon at Swatow and the decking for the pan- toon 'Tunsin' Sep-Oct Estimates for cost of repair work required to 1886 Swatow Wharf 18 Nov Contract for new Go-downs and office between 1887 B&S and Mssrs. Chip Sing, builder 1881-1885 Various plans and sketch maps of B&S Go- downs and wharfs at Swatow

8/4 1874-1891 B&S Swatow General Swatow Development A19 3 Aug1874 Minutes of meeting of Consul and owners of Water Front lots and agreement reached 15 Sep 1881 Letters and reports of the position of the wharf at Swatow Nov 1882 Papers and minutes of meeting of water front owners re proposed Bund Line at Swatow 1882 Notification, in Chinese with English transla tion, by Swatow Hangs concerning the dis charge of cargoes at Swatow Wharf 1883 Proposed regulations and declaration re the new Bund Line, Swatow Sep 1883 British Consul's Circular concerning the Front wharfs etc at Swatow 22 May Original Chinese notice, with English transla 1891 tion of the regulations for the importation of rice into Swatow laid out by the Main-in fung Guild

69 JSSII 8

8/5 1883-1895 B&S Swatow Trade Agreements Box No. A19A Apr-May Agreements with Ahing to take over Yueng 1883 Sing Fat Hong and continue collection of freight and passengers at Swatow 28Jul1883 Agreement with Nguam Hory(?), compradore, to supply coolies to Queensland 1883-1885 Extensive correspondence between B&S and various Chinese and British authorities in China re claims of B&S against Kwok Yueng Sing partner in Yueng Sing H?ng 12Jun1884 Letter to B&S Shanghai from Lee Chun Noun, compradore, re discontent of Swatow Shipping Cos with B&S policy Copy of Swatow Guild's request to discontinue shipping cargoes Oct 1884 Shipping agreement in in Chinese with English translation - between Swatow Shipping Hongs and JM&Co, Russell & Co & B&S for Swatow Tientsin cargoes from Oct 1884-Dec 1885 13May1885 Copy of a letter from Bradley & Co Swatow to Russell & Co Shanghai re Swatow Beancake trade and proposed foreign bong trade agree ment Nov-Dec Petition, Evidence and Judgment given by the 1895 Acting Consul in the case of JM&Co v CNCo after the collision of SS HANGCHOW, CHEF OO and WOOSUNG causing the WOOSUNG to collide with and seriously damage JM&Co's wharf ND Letter to B&S Swatow apparently from How on re security for their compradore

8/6 1882-1886 B&S Swatow Trading Papers Al9A 1882 Memorandum on through cargo Chefoo to Hong Kong on OSSCo and Chartered Steamers 1882-1883 Promissory notes in Circulation in Swatow Jan-Dec Memorandum on risks accepted in the Union 1883 Insurance Society Ltd by B&S Swatow, giving lists of vessels and dates Apr-Dec Memorandum of vessels from Newchwang to 1883 Swatow May 1883 Letter re insurance of damaged cargo on SS ROSSLYN 1883-1885 Sugar Exports from Swatow - 1 page list of exports in Dec 1885 and for whole year as compared to 1883 and 1884 15Mar1884 Letter, Chinese original with English transla tion from Kwong Kin to Yuen Kin re B&S accounts and book keeping 70 JSSII 8 Nov 1884 2 copies of CNCo Tariff of Wharf Charges Box No. 1884 Swatow Trade Report 30 Apr Balance of Swatow Cash Book 1885 2 Mayl885 Notice to Swatow compradorc not to deliver inward cargo until freight is paid 12Sep 1885 Letter from Bois, B&S Swatow to Phillips HBM Consul Swatow to complain of excessive Customs charges on cloth imports 1885 Swatow Trade Report 6 Sep 1886 B&S Swatow to Consul Swatow concerning smuggling on the PHRA CHULA CHOM KLAO and the attitude of the Chinese Customs 8/7 1878-1910 Extensive collection of papers concerning B&S Japan property at No 7 Yokohama Bund A21 including correspondence between JS&S, B&S, solicitors and private parties concerned 1878 & Arrangement for leasing the property 1898 1904-09 Legal correspondence re its outright purchase 1910 Papers re transfer of part of the site to Asiatic Petroleum Co 8/8 Aug 1923- Correspondence between B&S Japan and A21 Mar 1924 JS&S re the purchase of the B&S Agent's House at Kobe. With copies of the registration documents

8/9 1 Oct 1925- Butterfield and Swire Shipping Codes A16 1Sepl963 Copies of B&S Shipping Codes 1925 and subsequent amendments and additions to it - includes codes Nos 190; 191; 192; 194; 195 and lists Nos 1-46 covering 1925-1963 8/10 1928 Letter B&S Shanghai to JS&S London sending 1116 a copy of the list of all the title deeds to B&S property contained in the Shanghai Deed Box 8/11 23 Jun Copy of Power of Attorney of G W Swire, 2016D 1931 J S Scott and J K Swire vesting powers to act on Pao Foong Insurance Co (Shanghai) business on B&S Shanghai 8/12 3 Jun Letters from B&S Shanghai to JS&S London 2016D 1938 sending a copy of the Pool Agreement they have negotiated on behalf of the Blue Funnel Line with JM&Co on behalf of the Glen Line to pool agency commissions for 2 years from 1 May 1938

71 JSSII 8

8/13 8 Feb Duplicate of Agreement between JS&S and Box No. 1940 Imperial Airways Ltd for B&S to act as agents 2016D of IA for the sale of transport accommodation for passengers, baggage and freight in China and Japan 8{14 Apr-May Letters between JS&S and Lancashire Air- 2016D CLOSED 1952 craft Corporation arranging for B&S Hong 1987 Kong to act as LAC Sales Agents in Hong Kong 8/15 Mar-Apr Real Estate Appraised Valuations of B&S 2016D CLOSED 1965 Japan property in Yokohama and Tokyo 2000

72 CHINA NAVIGATION COMPANY

By the early 1870s John Samuel Swire was convinced that there was an opening for increased steam shipping on the Yangtze River and as he was unable to interest Holt's in undertaking this expansion themselves he de cided to establish a new company for this. The China Navigation Company was formed in London in 1872 with a capital of £360,000 chiefly put up by JSS and W H Swire with Holt's, Rathbones, Y H Ismay, RN Dale, John Scott, T Barlow and Mssrs. Imrie and Harrison supplying additional money. JSS initially ordered three ships to be built for the Lower Yangtze trade and in 1873 purchased the Union Steam Navigation Company giving CNCo two ships and the leases on property in Shanghai and at other river ports. By the mid-1870s CNCo interests had spread to the Canton River trade and by the late 1870s to the Shanghai to Ningpo and Shanghai to Tientsin routes, despite periods of intense competition and rates wars as well as pool agreements with the other shipping companies on these routes. In 1883 the CBO, which had been formed to handle local coastal trade was fused with the CNCo and in the 1880s and 1890s the CNCo expanded its fleet and the ports of call so that by 1894 it consisted of twenty-nine ships calling at ports along the Yangtze, down the South China coast, in the Philippines, S E Asia, Australia, Japan, Russia and the North China coast. Despite problems in Far Eastern trade and affairs during the Twentieth Century, including increased nationalist sentiment and anti-foreign cam paigns, boycotts, piracy, staff and salary discontent, and disrupted trade routes due to China's internal civil disturbances, the CNCo fleet continued to operate up to the Second World War and in 1940 was requisitioned by the British Government for the duration of the conflict. In the autumn of 1945 CNCo returned to Hong Kong and Shanghai and gradually requisit ioned shipping and property seized by the Japanese was restored and normal working resumed. B&S were appointed from the formation of CNCo as Eastern Managers, all corr~spondence with JS&S, the London Managers being conducted by the offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai. While Shanghai was responsible for the CNCo business on the Yangtze River and the North China Coast (from Ningpo north), Hong Kong handled the south coast and Canton trade and all the South East Asian, Australian and Philippines routes. In many ports the B&S agent acted for CNCo although in some places a sep- JSSIII 1 arate CNCo office might be established and in the Philippines, Australia and S E Asia, where there were no B&S offices, independent agents were employed. The records listed below are primarily Twentieth Century series (from 1922-1947) and are very full. The accounts and legal papers go back as far as the formation of the Company and the accounts are particularly good, although incomplete- the years 1918-1936 being entirely unrep resented. For the Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century CNCo affairs are covered in the JS&S records (JSSII and 2) and the B&S agents outport letters (JSSII I) for the 1890s and early 1900s also concerned CNCo bus iness. Many of the sections of JS&S records (JSSI) and of B&S series (JSSII) also have material relating to CNCo interests throughout the period.

1921-48 Hong Kong General Letters

Correspondence files containing copies of letters from JS&S London to B&S Hong Kong and from B&S HK to London made up in the same format as the B&S correspondence series in JSSII 2. This series also has a similar indexing system which changes from a basic chronological order to a sub ject one in 1931. The files cover a wide range of aspects of basic management of the Company; including the registration, fitting, equipment, repair and over haul of the steamers. Accidents, staff, routes, pool agreements and general problems of the running of the line and Chinese trade conditions. Letters concerning CNCo Property and Accounts are filed separately and can be found in JSSIII 4 and JSSIII 5 respectively.

1/1 1921-22 Hong Kong General Letters Box No. 60 4 folders of letters covering all aspects of the running of the steamers. January to June 1921 (40 Letters) 6 Jan- To Hong Kong 30 Jun 7 Jan- From Hong Kong (85 Letters) 24 Jun July-December 1921 7 Jul To Hong Kong (79 Letters) 29 Dec 1 Jul- From Hong Kong (116 Letters) 30 Dec

74 JSSIII 1

January-June 1922 Box No. 5 Jan- To Hong Kong (58 Letters) 29 Jun 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (135 Letters) 30 Jun July-December 1922 6Jul- To Hong Kong (60 Letters) 28 Dec 6 Jui- From Hong Kong (167 Letters) 30 Dec

1/2 1923 Hong Kong General Letters 61 2 folders covering general trade and management of the steamers and also from Hong Kong on conditions for trade in Hong Kong itself, particularly re strikes January-June 4 Jan- To Hong Kong (40 Letters) 26 Jun 8 Jan- From Hong Kong (137 Letters) 25 Jun July-December 3 Jui- To Hong Kong (62 Letters) 27 Dec 2 Jui- From Hong Kong (143 Letters) 31 Dec 1/3 1925 Hong Kong General Letters 62 2 folders covering routine management, and the political situation in Hong Kong. A new section is added also for letters to Hong Kong from CNCo agents in Bangkok January-June 2 Jan- To Hong Kong (73 Letters) 19 Jun 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (168 Letters) 26 Jun 27 Jan- Interportal (23 Letters) 17 Jun Correspondence with Borneo Co Ltd July-December 10 Jui- To Hong Kong (64 Letters) 18 Dec 3 Jui- From Hong Kong (126 Letters) 25 Dec Jui-Dec lnterportal (2 Letters) 75 JSSIII 1

1/4 1926 Hong Kong General Letters Box No. 2 folders covering general business and the po!- 63 itical situation, also letters re the training of Chinese wireless operators January-June I Jan- To Hong Kong (58 Letters) 25 Jun 1 Jan- From Hong Kong (138 Letters) 25 Jun July-December 2 Jui- To Hong Kong (50 Letters) 31 Dec- 2 Jui- From Hong Kong (157 Letters) 31 Dec

1/5 1927 Hong Kong General Letters 64 2 folders covering routine management of the steamers and trade, general trade conditions and particularly the problems of piracy January-June 7 Jan- To Hong Kong (35 Letters) 24 Jun 7 Jan- From Hong Kong (120 Letters) 24 Jun 21 Jan- lnterportal (5 Letters) 31 May July-December 8 Jui- To Hong Kong (39 Letters) 30 Dec 1 Jui- From Hong Kong (100 Letters) 30 Dec

1/6 1928 Hong Kong General Letters 65 2 folders covering routine business, Hong Kong conditions and the Japanese boycott. Particular- ly letters concerning the incidence of piracy- including that against the CNCo vessel SS ANKING- and a section devoted to letters with Mansfield & Co about piracy and its pre- vention January-June 13 Jan- To Hong Kong (44 Letters) 29 Jun 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (82 Letters) 29 Jun 76 JSSIII 1

27 Apr- Interportal (13 Letters) Box No. 29 Jun July-December 13 Jui- To Hong Kong (60 Letters) 28 Dec 6 Jui- From Hong Kong (104 Letters) 27 Dec 13 Nov- Piracy (7 Letters) 31 Dec Letters in to JS&S from Mansfield & Co, Singapore 6 Jui- Interportal (28 Letters) 20 Dec

1/7 1929 Hong Kong General Letters 66 2 folders covering general business and piracy problems January-June 4 Jan- To Hong Kong (57 Letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (94 Letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- Interportal (24 Letters) 28 Jun July-December 5 Jui- To Hong Kong (95 Letters) 20 Dec 5 Jui- From Hong Kong (128 Letters) 27 Dec 10 Jui- Interportal (25 Letters) 27 Dec

1/8 1930 Hong Kong General Letters 67 Jan-Jun 1 folder covering general trade etc and piracy. January-June 3 Jan- To Hong Kong (107 Letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (104 Letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- Interportal (25 Letters) 26 Jun

1/9 1930 Hong Kong General Letters 68 Jui-Dec

77 JSSIII 1

1 folder covering routine business affairs, trade Box No. competition and piracy. lnterportal contains letters with Mansfield re Singapore and immigration policies 4 Jui- London-China (80 Letters) 24 Dec 4 Jul- From Hong Kong (128 Letters) 26 Dec 3 Jul- Interportal (30 Letters) 26 Dec Borneo Co, Bangkok and Mansfield & Co, Singapore

1/10 1931 Hong Kong General Letters 69 Jan-Jun 1 folder covering general CNCo business and organisation and economies to be effected dur ing the Depression 2 Jan- To China (61 Letters) 26 Jun 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (115 Letters) 26 Jun 2 Jan- Bangkok (25 Letters) 24 Jun Borneo Co 26 Feb- Singapore 6 May Mansfield & Co

1/11 1931 Hong Kong General Letters 70 Jui-Dec 1 folder covering general CNCo business and a copy of a report by Mansfields on Western Malaya after a tour by their representative with comments on the compradore system 3 Jul- To Hong Kong (44 Letters) 24 Dec 2 Jul- From Hong Kong (92 Letters) 31 Dec 2 Jul- Interportal (27 Letters) 29 Dec

1/12 1932 Hong Kong General Letters 71 2 folders covering routine business and econom ies to be made. Also letters discussing the prob lems created by smuggling on CNCo vessels and relations with the Chinese customs, including the attitude of and pressures to be put on the

78 JSSIII 1

Colonial Office. Details of the efficiency and Box No. modifications to be made to some of the steamers

January-June 1 Jan- To Hong Kong (51 letters) 24 Jun 8 Jan- From Hong Kong (98 Letters) 24 Jun July-December 1 Jui- To Hong Kong (40 Letters) 30 Dec 1 Jui- From Hong Kong (SS Letters) 30 Dec 7 Jan- lnterportal (53 Letters) 29 Dec Includes weekly reports on CNCo steamers movements on Swatow-Bangkok route

1/13 1933 Hong Kong General Letters 72 1 folder covering routine business affairs. 1 Jan- To Hong Kong (59 Letters) 22 Dec 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (99 Letters) 29 Dec S Jan- Interportal (30 Letters) 29 Dec 1/14 1934 Hong Kong General Letters 73 2 folders covering general management, trade and prospects on all Southern routes, including the Singapore trade January-June 4 Jan- To Hong Kong (29 Letters) 29 Jun S Jan- From Hong Kong (49 Letters) 29 Jun Interportal (26 Letters) 4 Jan- Weekly Borneo Co reports 28 Jun July-December 13 Jui- To Hong Kong (35 Letters) 28 Dec 6 Jui- From Hong Kong (60 Letters) 28 Dec 6 Jui- lnterportal (28 Letters) 28 Dec

79 JSSIII 1

1/15 1935 Hong Kong General Letters Box No. 74 2 folders covering general business, trade conditions etc

January-June 4 Jan- To Hong Kong (29 Letters) 21 Jun 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (82 Letters) 28 Jun July-December 5 Jui- To Hong Kong (30 Letters) 20 Dec 5 Jui- From Hong Kong (68 Letters) 27 Dec 3 Jan- Swatow/Bangkok Steamer Movements 20 Dec

1/16 1936 Hong Kong General Letters 75 2 folders covering routine management January-June 3 Jan- To Hong Kong (31 Letters) 19 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (81 Letters) 26 Jun 26 Dec Swatow-Bangkok (22 Letters) 1935- 23 Jun 1936 July-December 10 Jui- To Hong Kong (26 Letters) 24 Dec 3 Jui- From Hong Kong (48 Letters) 24 Dec 3 Jui- Swatow-Bangkok (20 Letters) 28 Dec

1/17 1937 Hong Kong General Letters 76 2 folders covering general trade and business management January-June 8 Jan- To Hong Kong (27 Letters) 25 Jun 1 Jan- From Hong Kong (75 Letters) 25 Jun

80 JSSIII 1

4 Jan- Swatow-Bangkok (17 Letters) Box No. 22 Jun July-December 2 Jui- To Hong Kong (45 Letters) 31 Dec 2 Jui- From Hong Kong (45 Letters) 31 Dec 2Jul- Swatow-Bangkok (14 Letters) 18 Dec

1/18 1938 Hong Kong General Letters 77 1 folder covering routine business and trade, including discussions on the extension of CNCo trade outside China 7 Jan- To Hong Kong (60 Letters) 30 Dec 5 Jan- From Hong Kong (167 Letters) 29 Dec 14 Jan- Swatow-Bangkok (26 Letters) 23 Dec No 1939 Letter files survive.

1/19 1940 Hong Kong General Letters 79 1 folder ( on the cover of the file it refers to Master Files for additional letters- presumably the Shanghai Master File series which contains letters directed to B&S Shanghai and Hong Kong jointly). The letters from Hong Kong contain some interesting comments on the trade and prospects in the Pacific 5 Jan- To Hong Kong (19 Letters) 13 Dec 5 Jan From Hong Kong (168 Letters) 27 Dec

1/20 1941-42 Hong Kong General Letters 80 CLOSED 1 folder covering correspondence to Hong Kong 1978 up to December 1941 and continuing with CNCo business staff affairs from India 7 Feb To China and India (53 Letters) 1941- 5 Jun 1942

81 JSSIII 1

3 Jan From Hong Kong, Australia & India Box No. 1941- 27 Nov 1942

1/21 1943-46 Hong Kong General Letters 408 CLOSED 1981 1 folder covering CNCo business through India and then the return to Hong Kong in Septem- ber 1945 and the resumption of trade there and in other parts of China, including assessments of the damage caused to CNCo property by the Japanese 19 Feb To India and Hong Kong (132 Letters) 1943- 27 Dec 1-19 to Bombay, up to Sept 1945 20-132 to 1944 Hong Kong 22 Jan From India and Hong Kong 1-30 from Bombay 1943- 31-211 from Hong Kong 27 Dec 1945

1/22 1948 Hong Kong General Letters 511 CLOSED Jan-Jun 1983 1 folder covering all aspects of CNCo business and trade in China, including the diversification of the firm's interests 2 Jan- To Hong Kong (97 Letters) 25 Jun 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (148 Letters) 25 Jun

1921-46 Shanghai General Letters

Correspondence files containing copies of letters from JS&S London to B&S Shanghai and theirs to London, on the same format as the Hong Kong series and with the same type of indexes. The files cover the Shanghai side of the CNCo organisation, including Shanghai itself Northern Chinese trade and the Yangtze River. For 1940 and 1941 the main series of letters are to be found in the Shanghai Master Files. (JSSII 3)

82 JSSIII 2

2/1 1921 Shanghai Genral Letters Box No. 81 2 folders covering general running of the steam ers and the political situation on the Yangtze as it affects their running

January-June 6 Jan- To Shanghai (5 7 Letters) 30 Jun 5 Jan- From Shanghai (148 Letters) 25 Jun July-December 7 Jul- To Shanghai (52 Letters) 29 Dec 8 Jul- From Shanghai (124 Letters) 30 Dec

2/2 1922 Shanghai General Letters 82 2 folders covering routine affairs and the polit ical situation in Shanghai and on the River, including the boycott at Amoy, strikes and Japanese opposition and competition January-June 12 Jan- To Shanghai (43 Letters) 29 Jun 8 Jan- From Shanghai (134 Letters) 30 Jun July-December 6 Jul- To Shanghai (46 Letters) 21 Dec 5 Jul- From Shanghai (124 Letters) 30 Dec

2/3 1923 Shanghai General Letters 83 2 folders covering routine business and particu larly equipment and specifications for new tonnage

January-June 4 Jan- To Shanghai (53 Letters) 26 Jun 5 Jan- From Shanghai (147 Letters) 29 Jun July-December 3 Jul- To Shanghai (31 Letters) 18 Dec

83 JSSIII 2 6 Jui- From Shanghai (153 Letters) Box No. 28 Dec

2/4 1924 Shanghai General Letters 84 2 folders covering routine business January-June 3 Jan- To Shanghai (50 Letters) 24 Jun 4 Jan- From Shanghai (147 Letters) 27 Jun July-December 1 Jui- To Shanghai (72 Letters) 19 Dec 4 Jui- From Shanghai (176 Letters) 31 Dec

2/5 1925 Shanghai General Letters 85 2 folders covering general business and the political situation affecting trade on the Yangtze and particularly concerning the problems of piracy and protection against it

January-June 2 Jan- To Shanghai (63 Letters) 26 Jun 1 Jan- From Shanghai (168 Letters) 26 Jun July-December 10 Jui- To Shanghai (48 Letters) 24 Dec 3 Jui- From Shanghai (162 Letters) 31 Dec No 1926 files survive 86

2/6 1927 Shanghai General Letters 87 2 folders covering general and political affairs and further letters re new piracy problems January-June 7 Jan- To Shanghai (42 Letters) 24 Jun 7 Jan- From Shanghai (107 Letters) 24 Jun

84 JSSIII 2

July-December Box No. I Jun- To Shanghai (28 Letters) 23 Jun 1 Jui- From Shanghai (87 Letters) 30 Dec

2/7 1928 Shanghai General Letters 88 2 folders covering general business and trade on the Yangtze, the political situation and piracy January-June 6 Jan- To Shanghai (56 Letters) 29 Jun 6 Jan- From Shanghai (95 Letters) 29 Jun July-December 13 Jui- To Shanghai (67 Letters) 28 Dec 6 Jui- From Shanghai (118 Letters) 28 Dec

2/8 1929 Shanghai General Letters 89 2 folders covering general business and management of the steamers as well as piracy and the political situation January-June 4 Jan- To Shanghai (42 Letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Shanghai (130 Letters) 28 Jun July-December 5 Jui- To Shanghai (78 Letters) 20 Dec 5 Jui- From Shanghai (141 Letters) 27 Dec

2/9 1930 Shanghai General Letters 90 Jan-Jun 1 folder covering business, politics, piracy and Japanese competition 3 Jan- To Shanghai (89 Letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (140 Letters) 27 Jun

85 JSSIII 2

2/10 1930 Shanghai General Letters Box No. Jui-Dec 91 1 folder covering general business management and trade, including pool agreements and the situation on the Yangtze River 4 Jui- To Shanghai (106 Letters) 24 Dec 4 Jui- From Shanghai (207 Letters) 26 Dec

2/11 1931 Shanghai General Letters Jan-Jun 92 1 folder covering routine CNCo affairs 2Jan- To Shanghai (90 Letters) 26 Jun 2 Jan- From Shanghai (110 Letters) 26 Jun

2/12 1931 Shanghai General Letters 93 Jui-Dec 1 folder covering all aspects of the management of CNCo steamers, trade in China and also section for letters from B&S re interests there 3 Jui- To Shanghai (63 Letters) 24 Dec 3 Jui- From Shanghai (119 Letters) 31 Dec 9 Apr From Sundry Ports (1 Letter) B&S Yokohama to JS&S

2/13 1932 Shanghai General Letters 94 2 folders covering routine business and political affairs affecting CNCo trade, including boycotts and smuggling. Also the beginning of discussions on the teaboy organisation on CNCo steamers January-June 1 Jan- To Shanghai (72 Letters) 24 June 8 Jan- From Shanghai (89 Letters) 24 Jun July-December 1 Jui- To Shanghai (45 Letters) 30 Dec 1 Jui- From Shanghai (68 Letters) 30 Dec

86 JSSIII 2

2/14 1933 Shanghai General Letters Box No. Jan-Jun 95 1 folder covering general business affairs and pool agreements, the dispute of the continuation of the teaboy system and the piracy incident of the SS NANCHANG 6 Jan- To Shanghai (41 Letters) 30 Jun 6 Jan- From Shanghai (110 Letters) 30 June

2/15 1933 Shanghai General Letters 96 Jui-Dec l folder covering routine business and continuing the discussions on teaboys and the NAN- CHANG piracy 7 Jul- To Shanghai (39 Letters) 22 Dec 7 Jul- From Shanghai (126 Letters) 29 Dec

2/16 1934 Shanghai General Letters 97 2 folders covering routine business including the teaboy system and sending from Shanghai detailed listings of carrying and earnings from all river ports January-June 5 Jan- To Shanghai (35 Letters) 29 Jun 5 Jan- From Shanghai (98 Letters) 29 Jun July-December 13 Jul- To Shanghai (39 Letters) 21 Dec 6 Jui- From Shanghai (96 Letters) 28 Dec

2/17 1935-36 Shanghai General Letters 98 4 folders covering general business and teaboy reorganisation and continuing piracy problems January-June 1935 4 Jan- To Shanghai (26 Letters) 14 Jun 4 Jan- From Shanghai (111 Letters) 28 Jun 87 JSSIII 2

July-December 1935 Box No. 5 Jul- To Shanghai (30 Letters) 20 Dec 5 Jul- From Shanghai (89 Letters) 31 Dec January-June 1936 3 Jan- To Shanghai (28 Letters) 19 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (70 Letters) 26 Jun July-December 3 Jul- To Shanghai (30 Letters) 24 Dec 3 Jul- From Shanghai (50 Letters) 25 Dec

2/18 1937-38 Shanghai General Letters 99 3 folders covering routine business management, particularly the problems of trade in the Yangtze region and Japanese opposition January-June 1937 1 Jan- To Shanghai (29 Letters) 25 Jun 1 Jan- From Shanghai (58 Letters) 25 Jun

July-December 2Jul- To Shanghai (35 Letters) 31 Dec 2 Jul- From Shanghai (60 Letters) 31 Dec January-December 1938 7 Jan- To Shanghai (51 Letters) 23 Dec 7 Jan- From Shanghai (126 Letters) 30 Dec

2/19 1939 Shanghai General Letters 100 1 folder covering general affairs and war in Europe and China. For Shanghai 1939 see also JSS II 3/1 & 2, 3/6 & 7 6 Jan- To Shanghai (72 Letters) 15 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (100 Letters) 29 Dec 88 JSSIII 2

2/20 1941-46 Shanghai General Box No. CLOSED 449 1981 Note 1940 and 1941 Jan-March in Shanghai Master Files- see JSS II 3/1; 3/3-5; 3/8-12 1 folder covering the months up to the Japanese take over, some letters from the remaining office in Free China at Chungking and then correspondence from Shanghai after the return concerning the state of CNCo prop erty and business 14 May To China (45 Letters) 1941- 20 Dec 1-4 to Shanghai (Oct 1941) 1946 5-20 to Chungking (Jan 1942-May 1945) 21-45 to Shanghai 29 Nov From Shanghai & Chungking (223 Letters) 1940 27 Dec 1-76 from Shanghai (to Nov 1941) 1946 77-101 from Chungking (Apr 1942-Sep 1945) 101-223 from Shanghai

2/21 1945-46 CNCo Tonnage 405 CLOSED 2 folders concerning CNCo steamers- their 1981 general management, alterations and repairs 5 Jan To Bombay 1945- 27 Dec Correspondence from JS&S (121 Letters) 1946 to B&S (India) and Yuill & Co Sydney up to October 1945 and then to B&S Shanghai and Hong Kong re fittings, spare parts, prices, certificates, and alterations to de-requisitioned shipping 19 Jan To Bombay - New Tonnage (94 Letters) 1945- 20 Dec re planning, purchase, chartering and fitting of 1946 new steamers 5 Jan From the East (185 Letters) 1945- 27 Dec From B&S (India), Yuill and B&S Shanghai 1946 and Hong Kong re alterations, fittings and management of CNCo steamers and the re covery of shipping from the Japanese and the Government 2 Feb From the East - New Tonnage (56 Letters) 1945- 89 JSSIII 3 30 Dec From B&S Bombay and Hong Kong re fittings, 1946 organisation and supplies for new steamers

1929-36 China Navigation Company London Correspondence

Volumes of flimsy copies of letters sent out from JS&S London as mana gers of CNCo. These include no correspondence with B&S or CNCo in the East but are instead with other companies or individuals involved in CNCo business. These include Holts, Scotts, various banks and insurance com panies, solicitors, Government Departments and concern all aspects of CNCo business and trade The letters are numbered with reference to previous and following letters and an index arranged in alphabetical order of correspondence except for Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering which has a separate index in date order and with a brief subject synopsis

3/1 28 Nov Volume No 32 Box No 1929- 1189 2 Jun 999 letters (approx) particularly re piracy and 1931 political problems 3/2 4 Jun Volume No 33 1190 1931- 28 Feb 94 7 letters (approx) covering staff, technical 1933 aspects of steamer design etc with Scott's and the use of wireless 3/3 1 Mar Volume No 34 1191 1933- 9 Nov 999 letters (approx) 1934 3/4 12 Nov Volume No 35 11"92 1934- 21 Oct 404 letters (approx) (Book not completed) 1936

90 JSSIII 4

1900-1914 1919-1947 China Navigation Company Property Letters

These files consist of two different series 4/ 1-8 being bound volumes of flimsy copies of letters from JS&S London to B&S Hong Kong and Shanghai for 1900 to 1914; 4/9-28 being correspondence between JS&S and B&S Hong Kong and Shanghai. Both series concern CNCo owned go downs, wharfs, houses and equipment and cover the purchase, leasing, planning, building, maintenance and selling of property. While Shanghai dealt with CNCo property in the city itself, in the coastal ports and on the Yangtze River, Hong Kong was responsible for its own property, Canton and Japan. 4/9-28 have good indexes, 4/9-18 being arranged chronologically with a subject synopsis and 4/19-28 arranged by subject under Hong Kong or Shanghai 4/1-8 do not have such clear indexes and each volume has a different lay-out, often very muddled. Further papers relating to CNCo property can be found in JSSI 6/1-5 and legal papers concerning deeds, purchases etc in JSSIII 9

Box No. 4/1 12 Oct 250 letters (approx) to Hong Kong and 1900- Shanghai. Indexed chronologically under Hong 2001(1) 1 Jan Kong and Shanghai 1904 4/2 8 Jan 250 letters (approx) 2001(2) 1904- 9 Jun 1905 4/3 6 Jun 249 letters (approx) 2001(3) 1905- 8 Jun 1906 4/4 8 Jun 253 letters (approx) 2001(4) 1906- 18 Jan Note 4/2-4 have very confused indexes basic 1907 ally organised on a chronological format under Hong Kong and Shanghai but interspersed with in a subject list and therefore difficult to follow 4/5 25 Jan 25 8 letters (approx) 2001(5) 1907- 9 Aug 1907 4/6 16 Aug 250 letters (approx) 2001(6) 1907- 91 JSSIII 4

30 Oct Box No. 1908 4/7 6 Nov 25 7 letters (approx) 2001(7) 1908- 7 Apr 1911 4/8 13 Apr 13 2 letters (approx) 2001 (8) 1911 19 Jan (This book is uncompleted) 1914 Note 4/5-8 have a subject listing based on persons and places arranged in alphabetical order and separate chronological sections for Hong Kong and Shanghai

4/9 1919-1920 CNCo Property Letters 101 3 folders covering all aspects of the management of CNCo property, including from Hong Kong re annual property reports January-June 1919 12 Jun To Hong Kong (1 Letter) 20 Mar- From Hong Kong (2 Letters) 25 Apr 10 Jan- To Shanghai (17 Letters) 26 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (38 Letters) 27 Jun July-December 1919 To and from Hong Kong 3 Jui- To Shanghai (18 Letters) 4 Dec 4 Jui- From Shanghai (40 Letters) 24 Dec 1920 11 Mar- To Hong Kong (13 Letters) 9 Dec 9 Jan- From Hong Kong (23 Letters) 30 Dec 7 Jan- To Shanghai (23 Letters) 30 Dec 2 Jan- From Shanghai (87 Letters) 31 Dec 16 Apr Bangkok Wharves 1920- 16 Jan Copies of correspondence between Borneo Co, 1921 B&S and other companies sent to JS&S for information

92 JSSIII 4

4/10 1921 CNCo Property Letters Box No. 102 2 Volumes covering all aspects of the management of CNCo Property January-June 17 Feb- To Hong Kong (4 Letters) 9 Jun 7 Jan- From Hong Kong (14 Letters) 24 Jun 3 Feb- To Shanghai (11 Letters) 16 Jun 7 Jan- From Shanghai (30 Letters) 17 Jun 21 Jan- Bangkok Wharf Syndicate Correspondence be- 2 Sep tween Borneo Co, Holt and B&S July-December 21 Jui- To Hong Kong (4 Letters) 13 Oct 15 Jui- From Hong Kong (14 Letters) 30 Dec 7 Jui- To Shanghai (17 Letters) 29 Dec 1 Jui- From Shanghai (44 Letters) 30 Dec 1 Jui- Bangkok Wharf Syndicate lnterportal Corres- 21 Dec pondence

4/11 1922-23 CNCo Property Letters 103 2 volumes covering routine affairs 1922 23 Mar- To Hong Kong (12 Letters) 14 Dec 20 Jan- From Hong Kong (24 Letters) 30 Dec 12 Jan- To Shanghai (46 Letters) 28 Dec 20 Jan- From Shanghai (115 Letters) 29 Dec 8 Dec Bangkok Wharf Syndicate 1921- 6 Dec 1922 1923 1 Mar- To Hong Kong (8 Letters) 27 Nov 19 Mar- From Hong Kong (15 Letters) 3 Sep 93 JSSIII 4

18 Jan- To Shanghai (4 7 Letters) Box No. 27 Dec 5 Jan- From Shanghai (106 Letters) 28 Dec 3 Jan- Bangkok Wharf Syndicate 13 Dec

4/12 1924 CNCo Property Letters 104 1 volume covering all aspects of management of property 18 Mar- To Hong Kong (11 Letters) 24 Dec 3 Mar- From Hong Kong (16 Letters) 12 Dec 3 Jan- To Shanghai (46 Letters) 24 Dec 4 Jan- From Shanghai (98 Letters) 31 Dec 9 Jan- Bangkok Wharf Syndicate 31 Dec

4/13 1925 CNCo Property Letters 105 1 volume covering the management of all properties 16 Jan- To Hong Kong (19 Letters) 24 Dec 16 Jan- Froin Hong Kong (32 Letters) 25 Dec 2 Jan- To Shanghai (50 Letters) 18 Dec 9 Jan- From Shanghai (113 Letters) 31 Dec 21 Jan- Bangkok Wharf Syndicate 28 Dec

4/14 1926 CNCo Property Letters 106 2 volumes covering the management of all properties January-June 8 Jan- To Hong Kong (4 Letters) 14 May 1 Jan- From Hong Kong (15 Letters) 25 Jun 1 Jan- To Shanghai (25 Letters) 25 Jun

94 JSSIII 4

4 Jan- From Shanghai (46 Letters) Box No. 25 Jun July-December 30 Jui- To Hong Kong (3 Letters) 24 Dec 30 Jui From Hong Kong (11 Letters) 1926- 7 Jan 1927 2 Jui- To Shanghai (I 4 Letters) 24 Dec 2 Jui- From Shanghai (3 7 Letters) 31 Dec 1 Jui- Bangkok Wharf Syndicate 8 Sep

4/15 1927 CNCo Property Letters 107 1 volume covering routine management. 7 Jan- To Hong Kong (1 7 Letters) 23 Dec 14 Dec- From Hong Kong (38 Letters) 23 Dec 7 Jan- To Shanghai (39 Letters) 23 Dec 14 Jan- From Shanghai (79 Letters) 30 Dec 6 Jan- Interportal Correspondence Borneo Co and 24 Dec B&S letters

4/16 1928 CNCo Property Letters 108 2 volumes covering property management January-June To China (23 Letters) 6 Jan- Hong Kong and Shanghai 22 Jun 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (14 Letters) 8 Jun 6 Jan- From Shanghai (50 Letters) 29 Jun 3 Jan- Interportal 19 Dec July-December 13 Jui- To China (33 Letters) 21 Dec 6 Jui- From Hong Kong (14 Letters) 7 Dec 6 Jui- From Shanghai (61 Letters) 95 JSSIII 4

28 Dec Box No. 3 Jui- Interportal 16 Oct

4/17 1929 CNCo Property Letters 109 1 volume covering routine management 11 Jan- To China (37 Letters) 27 Dec 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (21 Letters) 20 Dec 4 Jan- From Shanghai (133 Letters) 27 Dec 22 Jan- lnterportal 27 Nov

4/18 1930 CNCo Property Letters 110 2 volumes covering routine management. January-June 3 Jan- To China (33 Letters) 27 Jun 31 Jan- From Hong Kong (6 Letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (71 Letters) 27 Jun 5 Feb- In terportal 14 Jui July-December 4 Jui- To China (35 Letters) 19 Dec 18 Jui- From Hong Kong (12 Letters) 26 Dec 4 Jui- From Shanghai (85 Letters) 19 Dec 13 Aug- Interportal 22 Dec

4/19 1931 CNCo Property Letters 111 2 volumes covering routine management January-June 2 Jan- To China (34 Letters) 19 Jun 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (20 Letters) 19 Jun 2 Jan- From Shanghai (69 Letters) 26 Jun 96 JSSIII 4

27 Mar- lnterportal Box No. 9 Jun July-December 3 Jui- To China (30 Letters) 11 Dec 3 Jui- From Hong Kong (13 Letters) 27 Nov 3 Jui- From Shanghai (62 Letters) 31 Dec

4/20 1932 CNCo Property Letters 112 1 volume covering routine management 1 Jan- To China (54 Letters) 30 Dec 8 Jan- From Hong Kong (23 Letters) 23 Dec 8 Jan- From Shanghai (121 Letters) 30 Dec

4/21 1933 CNCo Property Letters 113 1 volume covering routine management 6 Jan- To China (53 Letters) 15 Dec 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (17 Letters) 22 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (104 Letters) 22 Dec

1934 CNCo Property Letters 114 1 volume covering routine management 5 Jan- To China (72 Letters) 21 Dec 12 Jan- From Hong Kong (33 Letters) 28 Dec 5 Jan- From Shanghai (121 Letters) 28 Dec

4/22 1935 CNCo Property Letters 115 2 volumes covering routine management January-June 11 Jan- To China (23 Letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (18 Letters) 28 Jun 97 JSSIII 4

July-December Box No. 5 Jui- To China (23 Letters) 20 Dec 5 Jui- From Hong Kong (18 Letters) 27 Dec 5 Jui- From Shanghai (60 Letters) 27 Dec

4/23 1936 CNCo Property Letters 116 2 volumes covering routine management January-June 3 Jan- To China (25 Letters) 26 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (11 Letters) 22 May 3 Jan- From Shanghai (50 Letters) 28 Jun July -Dec em her 10 Jui- To China (33 Letters) 18 Dec 10 Jui- From Hong Kong (8 Letters) 4 Dec 3 Jui- From Shanghai (59 Letters) 25 Dec

4/24 1937-38 CNCo Property Letters 117 3 volumes covering routine management January-June 1937 1 Jan- To China (27 Letters) 25 Jun 5 Feb & From Hong Kong (2 Letters) 30 Apr 1 Jan- From Shanghai (46 Letters) 18 Jun July-December 1937 2 Jui- To China (28 Letters) 31 Dec 9 Jui- From Hong Kong (15 Letters) 31 Dec 2 Jui- From Shanghai (50 Letters) 31 Dec 1938 7 Jan- To China (54 Letters) 30 Dec

98 JSSIII 4

14 Jan- From Hong Kong (13 Letters) Box No. 15 Dec 7 Jan- From Shanghai (88 Letters) 30 Dec

4/25 1939-45 CNCo Property Letters 119 CLOSED 1978 1 volume covering routine management up to the Japanese invasion in Dec 1941 and then from B&S India and Chungking until October 1945 when Hong Kong and Shanghai were re occupied and the correspondence deals with the state of CNCo property retaken from the enemy and the effects of war Note that for details of CNCo property administered from Shanghai for 1939-41 see JSSII 3/1-12 (Shanghai Master File) 7 Sep To China and India (102 Letters) 1939- 21 Dec 1-37 to Shanghai & Hong Kong 1945 38-97 to India & Chungking 98-102 to Hong Kong & Shanghai 16 Feb From Hong Kong & India (67 Letters) 1939- 28 Dec 1-23 from Hong Kong 1945 24-54 from Bombay and Calcutta 55-67 from Hong Kong 5 Jui From Shanghai and Chungking (184 Letters) 1940- 28 Dec 1-70 from Shanghai 1945 71-160 from Chungking 161-184 from Shanghai

4/26 1946 CNCo Property Letters 406 CLOSED 1 volume covering property in all ports, des 1981 cribing state and whether recovered by the firm 4 Jan- To China (85 Letters) 27 Dec 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (32 Letters) 20 Dec 4 Jan- From Shanghai (145 Letters) 13 Dec

99 JSSIII 5

4/27 1947 CNCo Property Letten Box No. CLOSED 509 1982 1 volume covering all property and recovery after war

3 Jan- To China (85 Letters) 26 Dec 17 Jan- From Hong Kong (36 Letters) 26 Dec 3 Jan- From Shanghai (175 Letters) 26 Dec

1940-47 1932-39 China Navigation Company Accounts Letters

This series contains the files of letters between JS&S London and Butter field and Swire in Hong Kong and Shanghai as Managers of the China Navi gation Company dealing with the accounts of the firm and its financial arrangements. They concern the making up of the accounts, both annual and special, details of specific transactions, profits or losses on particular routes and details of staff payments. JSSIII 5/10 contains the letters with HM Inspector of Taxes re taxation of CNCo and also gives some state ments of accounts. Details of CNCo Accounts letters from and to Shanghai 1939-41 can also be found in JSSII 3/1-12 {Shanghai Master File)

5/1 1940 CNCo Accounts Letten 283 1 volume 5 Jan- To China (128 Letters) 20 Dec 12 Jan- From Hong Kong (109 Letters) 27 Dec 5 Jan- From Shanghai (81 Letters) 20 Dec

5/2 1941 CNCo Accounts Letten 286 1 volume 3 Jan- To China and Calcutta (116 Letters) 5 Dec

100 JSSIII 5

3 Jan- From Hong Kong and Calcutta (151 Letters) Box No. 22 Dec 1-150 from Hong Kong 151 from Shaw Wallace Co, Calcutta. 10 Jan- From Shanghai 28 Nov 1941-42 Interportals

Letters between JS&S and other agencies, in cluding the Straits Steam Ship Co, Mansfield, the Post Office, various banks etc arranged under alphabetical order, concerning CNCo accounts

5/3 1942-43 CNCo Accounts Letters 288 CLOSED 2 volumes 1978 1942 7 Jan- To Calcutta, Bombay and Chungking (92 Letters) 24 Dec 8 Jan- From Freemantle, India and Chungking (78 Letters) 25Dec1942 Interportal JS&S correspondence with other agencies con cerning CNCo accounts and financial affairs 1943 1 Jan- To Bombay and Chungking (65 Letters) 17 Dec 1 Jan- From Bombay and Chungking (90 Letters) 31 Dec 1943 Interportal JS&S correspondence with various agencies concerning CNCo affairs

5/4 1944 Accounts Letters 289 CLOSED 1 volume 1979 7 Jan- To Bombay and Chungking (79 Letters) 29 Dec 7 Jan- From Bombay and Chungking (112 Letters) 29 Dec 1944 Interportal JS&S correspondence with other agencies alphabetically arranged concerning CNCo accounts and financial affairs

101 JSSIII 5

5/5 1945 CNCo Accounts Letters Box No. CLOSED 290 1980 1 volume 5 Jan- To Bombay and Chungking (114 Letters) 21 Dec (A few after October 1945 to Shanghai and Hong Kong) 5 Jan- From Bombay and Chungking (154 Letters) 28 Dec (After September 1945 mainly from Bombay and a few from Hong Kong in December)

1945 Interportals JS&S correspondence with various other agencies arranged in alphabetical order; mostly these are concerned with the financial side of the repatriation after the war and with war time accounts

5/6 1946 CNCo Accounts Letters 376 CLOSED 1981 1 volume 10 Jan- To the East (293 Letters) 27 Dec JS&S to B&S Hong Kong and Shanghai but including some to Shaw and Wallace Bombay agents of CNCo-in the early part of 1946 4 Jan- From the East (371 Letters) 27 Dec Mainly from B&S Shanghai, Shaw and Wallace, Bombay and from Hong Kong later in the year 1946 Other Agencies JS&S to other agencies including Government Departments arranged in alphabetical order, re CNCo financial affairs

5/7 1946 CNCo Finance 473 CLOSED 1981 1 volume covering requisition accounts letters 2 Jan- Letters from the East (124 Letters) 27 Dec 3 Jan- Letters to the East (203 Letters) 27 Dec

5/8 1947 CNCo Accounts Letters 477 CLOSED Jan-Apr 1 volume 1982 3 Jan- To the East (127 Letters) 28 Apr

102 JSSIII 6

3 Jan- From Hong Kong and Shanghai (171 Letters) Box No. 25 Apr Jan-Apr Other Agencies 1947 JS&S correspondence with other agencies, in cluding the Board of Trade and oil companies supplying CNCo, arranged in alphabetical order

5/9 1947May- CNCoAccountsLetters 476 CLOSED Dec 1982 2 volumes. May-August 2May- To East (120 Letters) 29 Aug 2 May- From Hong Kong and Shanghai (174 Letters) 29 Aug May-Aug Other Agencies 1947 September-December 5 Sep- To East (91 Letters) 26 Dec 5 Sep- From Hong Kong and Shanghai (94 Letters) 26 Dec Sep-Dec Other Agencies 1947

5/10 1932-39 CNCo Taxation Letters 315 13 Jan Letters between JS&S and HM Inspector of 1932- Taxes concerning the taxation of CNCo, in 26 Sep cluding tables detailing wear and tear allow 1939 ances and other financial statements relating to taxation assessments and payments

1871-1967 China Navigation Company Accounts

Series of files covering the accounts of the finn at different periods the main series running from 1936-1945: some earlier accounts were kept in the accounts books in the London Office. (See JSS I 7). Box No _6/1 1871-1884 CNCo Accounts Book B23

6/2 1884-1890 CNCo Accounts Book B24 6/3 1891-1897 CNCo Accounts Book B25

103 JSSIII 6

Box No. 6/4 1897-1905 CNCo Accounts Book (London Accounts) B26 6/5 1906-1913 CNCo Accounts Book (London Accounts) B27 6/6 1913-1918 CNCo Accounts Book (London Accounts) B28

6/7 1917-1923 Requisitioning Accounts 236 Apr1917- 2 folders of papers concerning financial arrange Jul 1923 ments for CNCo vessels requisitioned by the Ministry of Shipping. Folder of draft and final accounts lists; claims on or by the Government and forms for the claims; assorted accounts for the Liner Requisition Scheme; chartering; Shipping Liquidation and examples of the forms and their instruction leaflets. Folder of correspond ence between JS&S, as CNCo agents, re the requisitioning of the steamers and the Govern ment, B&S in the East, Holt's, Cunard etc

6/8 1936 Eastern Accounts 278 6 folders containing the routine annual accounts ofCNCo Canton Line and Hong Kong Coast Statements for year ending 31 Dec 1936 including sheets for Earnings and Disbursements of FATSHAN; Hong Kong and Canton Wharfs accounts; Canton Line Working Accounts Shanghai Accounts Fleet Accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1936 Shore Properties Covers accounts for repairs to property coolie hire etc. Output Ledger Balances For year ending 31 Dec 1936 Agency Working Accounts Detailed account sheets of outport finances sent in to Shanghai

6/9 1937 Eastern Accounts 279 8 folders of routine annual account sheets Hong Kong Ledger Balances Estimated profit and loss accounts as at 30 June 1937 Hong Kong Accounts Accounts sheets for year ending 31 Dec 1937, 104 JSSIII 6

including earnings and Disbursements of Box No. FATSHAN; Hong Kong and Canton Wharfs accounts; Canton Line Working accounts Shanghai Ledger Balances Estimated profit and loss as at 30 June 1937

Shanghai Accounts Statements for year ending 31 Dec 1937 in cluding a long covering letter from B&S Shang hai to JS&S describing the effects of the war in China on CNCo finances. Shore Properties Working accounts for full year Outport Ledger Balances Balances for half year Jan-Jun 1937 Ledger Balances Balances for year ending 31 Dec 1937 Agency Working Working accounts additional to the outport balances

6/10 1938 Eastern Accounts 280 8 folders of accounts sheets sent to JS&S by B&S Hong Kong and Shanghai for 1938 Hong Kong Ledger Balances Balances as at 30 June 1938 Hong Kong Accounts Statements for year ending 31 Dec 1938 in cluding earnings and Disbursements for FATSHAN; WUCHANG; TAIKO I and lighters; Canton Line Working account Hong Kong and Canton Wharf accounts Shanghai Ledger Balances For Jan-Jun 1938 - estimated profit and loss. Shanghai Accounts Statements for year ending 31 Dec 1938 and B&S letter outlining the year's trade conditions Shore Property Accounts for individual properties including working accounts for Shanghai tugs, capital items such as repairs and property working accounts

105 JSSIII 6 Outport Ledger Balances Box No. For half year ending 30 June 1938 Ledger Balances Outport accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1938

Agency Working Accounts Additional accounts and explanations to out port statements

6/11 1939 Eastern Accounts 281 8 folders of accounts sheets for year 1939 pre pared in Hong Kong and Shanghai Hong Kong Balances As at 30 June 1939 Hong Kong Accounts For year ending 31 Dec 1939, including Earn ings and Disbursements of FATSHAN and WUCHANG; Canton Line working account; Hong Kong and Canton Wharfs accounts. Accompanying letter from B&S gives an explan ation of the accounts and the general financial position Shanghai Ledger Balances Estimated profit and loss as at 30 June 1939 Shanghai Accounts Statements for year ending 31 Dec 1939 with covering letter describing the effects of the war Shore Property Working accounts; including accounts for indi vidual properties such as tugs, ferries and lighters Ou tport Ledger Balances As at 30 June 1939 Ledger Balances Outport accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1939. Agencies Working Accounts Details of outport finances

6/12 1940 Eastern Accounts 282 7 folders of accounts sheets including requisit ion accounts Hong Kong Accounts

106 JSSIII 6

Coast Line working accounts up to the requis- Box No. ition of the fleet in May 1940 and also post- requisition figures Shanghai Accounts For year ending 31 Dec 1940 - including Coast vessels up to requisition in May when all were transferred on to the Hong Kong books; River vessels for the whole year and a covering letter outlining the state of the river trade Shore Properties Hong Kong shore property accounts for the year ending 31 Dec 1940 but including Shanghai Agency accounts Ledger Balances Outport balances as at 30 June 1940. Outport Ledger Balances Balances as at 31 Dec 1940. Agencies Working Accounts Working accounts for outports- Newchwang; Canton; Kumming; Chefoo; Ningpo- sent in to Hong Kong for audit Government Requisition Statements from May to 31 Dec 1940.

6/13 1941 Accounts 285 14 folders of accounts sheets for the year up to the invasion many of the full year accounts made up in Bombay in 1943 Ledger Balances Outport balances at 30 June 1941, including Owners ledger balances at Hong Kong and requisition accounts Hong Kong Shore Property Account Wharf and Go-downs Statement for year ending 31 Dec 1941 Bombay and Hong Kong Various accounts at Hong Kong up to November 1941 and then from Bombay - includes Statements of Ledger Balances; Certificates of Stores Stock valuation Spare Gear Replacement; title deeds; Analysis of Interest Account

107 JSSIII 6

Ledger Balances Box No. Shanghai estimated profit and loss, results and ledger balances as at 30 June 1941 Shanghai Agreement of Accounts Outport agreements and payments. Owners Accounts Accounts at Shanghai at Nov-Dec 1941. W/V WUSUEH and SIUSAN Accounts Accounts for March to October 1941 when they were transferred from Sha~hai to Singa pore Government Accounts Hong Kong Government accounts with CNCo Shanghai as at 31 Dec 1941 Shanghai Shore Properties Accounts for shore properties to Dec 1941 (dated May 1942, Shanghai) Shanghai Fleet Accounts Accounts of fleet earnings up to Dec 1941 (dated May 1942, Shanghai) Ledger Balances Chungking Ledger Balances as at 31 Dec 1941. Chungking Shore Property Account Working account for 1941. Chungking Agency Working Account Produce and agency accounts for year ending Dec 1941 Voyage Summaries for 1941 Summaries of voyages, and earnings, of vessels on MOT service

6/14 1939-45 Account Working Papers 416 CLOSED 1980 2 folders of detailed but rather miscellaneous accounts sheets of CNCo finances - 1 folder containing Ledger Balances as at 31 July 1942; details of steamers' earnings, receipts and payments 1 Aug 1942-30 Sep 1945

6/15 1941-1943 Accounts for Adaptation of Vessels to Indian 416 CLOSED Coast Trade. 1978 Accounts for the modifications required to CNCo vessels for work on the Indian coast, 108 JSSIII 6

including the notifications from B&S India to Box No. London of the debits to CNCo Bombay for the cost of work, mainly done by TD&ECo in Hong Kong 1941

6/16 1942 Eastern Accounts 287 CLOSED 6 folders of accounts for 1942 prepared by 1977 B&S Bombay during 1944

Shore Properties Working accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1942. River Craft Statement of earnings and disbursements for year ending 31 Dec 1942 Agencies Working accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1942.

Requisition Vessels and Fleet Working Account Various statements for the fleet for year ending 31 Dec 1952 Ledger Balances Statements of Ledger Balances; outport bal ances Bank Balances; Chungking and Changsa Ledger Balances for year ending 1942 Government Accounts Ledger Balances of requisitioned vessels and MOT accounts for year ending Dec 1942

6/17 1943 Accounts 287 CLOSED 1978 5 folders of accounts sheets for 1943 prepared in Bombay during 1945 Shore Properties Working accounts as at 31 Dec 1943. Agencies Working accounts for year ending Dec 1943. River Vessels Statement of earnings and disbursements for river craft for year ending 31 Dec 194 3 Fleet Working Working accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1943 with agreement of Bombay-London current account

109 JSSIII 6

Ledger Balances Box No. As at Bombay for year ending 31 Dec 1943

6/18 1944 Eastern Accounts 287 CLOSED 1979 2 folders of accounts sheets for 1943 prepared in Bombay November 1945 Shore Properties and Agency Working Accounts for year ending 31 Dec 1945 Fleet Working and Shore and General Ledger Balances For year ending 31 Dec 1944.

6/19 1945 Accounts 287 CLOSED 1980 7 folders of accounts sheets and papers con cerning CNCo accounts - many prepared by B&S in China during August 1946 Copy of Chairman's Statement at the Annual General Meeting of CNCo Shareholders on 27 June 1945 Shore Properties · Working accounts for Shanghai Shore properties for year ending 31 Dec 1945 Agencies Working Accounts Accounts as shown on Shanghai books for year ending 31 Dec 1945 Hankow Tugs and Lighters Working statement of earnings and disburse ments for year ending Dec 1945 Accounts - All Interests Letter from B&S Shanghai to JS&S explaining the accounting situation for 1945 Hong Kong Accounts Statements on Properties, Agencies, Fleet, Canton River Line, Ledger Balances, London Current Account for year ending Dec 1945 pre pared from the Hong Kong Ledger Annual Accounts Hong Kong accounts for the year ending Dec 1945 and Chungking and . Bombay ledger balances

110 JSSIII 6

6/20 1942-45 Bombay Accounts and Vouchers Box No. CLOSED 284 1980 Current account vouchers of payments from CNCo Bombay account, paid by JS&S London to various creditors, including staff payments etc.

6/21 1942-47 Requisition Finance 416 CLOSED 1982 Notifications from Ministry of Transport Finance Division to CNCo London of credits and debits to CNCo account for CNCo vessels workings

6/22 1945 Voyage Accounts 416 CLOSED 1980 2 copies of the preliminary accounts of CNCo prepared in September 1945 for vessels requis itioned by HMG for the year ending 31 Dec 1943 and the voyage accounts for the year ending 31 Dec 1944 6/23 1959-65 Voyage Results A42 CLOSED Results for years 1959-63 and draft of results 2000 for 1965 6/24 1965-66 Operating Statements of ANSHUN and A42 CLOSED KUALA LUMPUR 2001 6/25 1966-67 Final Pool Statements A42 CLOSED Year ending 31 Dec 1966 2001 Quarter to 31 Mar 1967 Year ending 31 Dec 1967

1929-46 China Navigation Company Staff.

Apart from the files and registers listed below material relating to the employment and deployment of CNCo staff, their welfare, pay and pensions can be found in the general CNCo correspondence series JSSIII 1 and 2 and files in the series JSSI 5 also contain sections dealing with specific problems for CNCo staff. 5/2-5 include papers relating to staff interned during the Second World War, and to the Provident Fund in the post-war period.

111 JSSIII 7

7 /1 1924 CNCo Profit Sharing Scheme Box No. 2016D Lists showing the profits for 1920-23 and the proposed proportions in which the staff would share; and the capital employed in the firm 1920-23

7/2 1930-41 CNCo Staff Book AlO Register of CNCo Shore and Floating staff, giving details of the person, his next of kin, service record in CNCo and with other firms, his pay scale etc including European and higher level Chinese staff arranged in alphabetical order. At the end of the register is a list of the Engineer Officers on the Floating Staff

7/3 1929-30 Provident Fund 236 Papers relating to the change from the original pension fund to a new Provident Fund Drafts and schemes for the new fund, copies and circulars sent to staff and figures for the basis of the fund Letters from Pensioners and Home Leave Men to JS&S accompanying their votes on the scheme Large number of left over circulars which were sent out to Floating Staff men to explain the Fund - examples of these are also to be found in the first two sections For other CNCo Provident Fund papers see JSSI 5/4 & 5

7/4 1941-46 Pension Fund Letters 383 CLOSED 1981 Letters to and from JS&S re pensions of CNCo staff, arranged in alphabetical order of pen sioner. Mainly concerned with tax deductions and closing of the pension on the death of the pensioner

7/5 1941-48 Casualties N-Z 503 CLOSED 1980 Folders containing correspondence between JS&S and families of personnel lost during the war concerning pensions, and allowances due to

112 JSSIII 7

the families from the Ministry of Pensions. Only folders N-Z have survived and these are arranged in alphabetical order

O'Neill C Acting Chief Officer ANKING Singapore 3 March 1942 OrrW Chief Engineer SHUNTIEN Sunk 23 Dec 1941 Robertson Chief Engineer ANKING Singapore I 3 March 1942 Ryde R L B 2nd Mate HIOHOW Sunk 2 July 1943 Shinn W L Master SHUNTIEN Sunk 23 Dec 1941 Sim J 2nd Engineer Hong Kong 19 Dec 1941 Smitham D 3rd Engineer SHUNTIEN Sunk 23 Dec 1941 Van 2nd Mate HOIHOW Sunk Millingen 2 July JHT 1943 Wensley Chief Engineer HOIHOW Sunk GR 2 July 1943 Williams Chief Officer SHUNTIEN Sunk JC 23 Dec 1941 Wood CJ 3rd Engineer ANKING Singapore 3 March 1942 Worsley J Chief Officer HOIHOW Sunk 2 July 1943

113 JSSIII 8 1872-1938 China Navigation Company Deeds and Legal Papers

This section contains the legal papers arising from the firm's business including the deeds to shore property, commercial agreements relating to the organisation of the firm and its financial situation.

8/1 1872 Memorandum and Articles of Association of Box No. the establishment of the Company 2016D 8/2 1874-1895 Particulars of leases 2016D Lists of property owned by CNCo about 1874-75; and a summary of the rents and taxes payable annually by CNCo on its prop erty and agreements to lease about 1890-95 8/3 Dec 1877 Pool Agreement between CNCo and China 1181B Merchants Steam Navigation Co. 8/4 1897 & 2 copies of Debentures of CNCo to JS&S one 2016D 1909 for £55,000 in 1897, one blank sample of old bonds destroyed 8/5 1902 & 2 Deeds of Covenant of CNCo with JS&S and 2016D 1905 B&S dated 15 July 1902 and with a supple ment dated 29 June 1905. These set out rates of commission as joint agents and for supply ing offices and European clerks 8/6 28 Jan Letters to JS&S from JS&S informing of the 2016D 1914 decision to appoint JS&S as sole managers of CNCo instead of jointly with B&S as before 8/7 17 Feb CNCo deed with Hankow Guilds re public 2016D 1921 right of way called Miao Kia Ma Tao Kung Hong over their property at Hankow including a plan and Chinese signatures. (This is in a very brittle condition and needs handling with great care) 8/8 1926- Contracts for fuel oil, including supplies for 2016D 1938 CNCo, negotiated by Halt's with Asiatic Petroleum Co

114 THE COAST BOATS OWNERY

The Coast Boats Ownery was established in 1874 on the initiative of John Samuel Swire with capital supplied jointly by John Scott and H J Butterfield and B&S appointed as agents. Initially two steamers, the FOOCHOW and SW ATOW (built as the WILLIAM and THERESA BATTERS) were purchased for the China coast trade, as complements to the Yangtze River trade of CNCo. In 1876 the TIENTSIN and CHEFOO were completed and by 1879 the NEWCHW ANG and WENCH OW had been added to the fleet. The main trade of the CBO was in beans and beancake from Newchwang to Swatow and Amoy, although the trade expanded to include a wider range of cargo and the firm proved finan cially successful up to 1883. Then the CBO was absorbed into CNCo, continuing as the Coastal Steamers section of CNCo with an increased fleet and in 1884 expanding into the Australian line. The CBO records listed below chiefly concern the individual steamers of the fleet and in particular the documents resulting from accidents in which they were involved. The full accounts of 1875-1884 are especially valuable showing the earnings from freight and passage money and dis bursements for the steamers. The formation of the company, policies and management, and the amalgamation with CNCo are covered from the London side in JSSI 1/2-6 and, rather less extensively, from the East in JSSI 2/2 & 3; 15 & 16. Correspondence concerning the purchase of the first two CBO ships can be found in JSSI 4/2.

Coast Boats Ownery Routine Papers

No series of papers relating to the running of the Coast Boats Ownery have survived but various items concerning different ships and their personnel have been preserved by John Swire. JSSIV 1

1/1 1876-1883 SS CHEFOO Box No. Al7 May 1876 Manifest and freight list of voyage from Singa pore to Hong Kong Oct 1883 Plans of SS CHEFOO

1/2 1874-1875 SS FOOCHOW A17 Various papers including an abstract from the Log of the voyage from Cardiff to Shanghai and staff agreements

1/3 1874 SSSWATOW Al7 Accounts and agreements with staff

1/4 1880-1881 SS TAMSU/ Al7 Papers including staff agreements, various accounts, and an abstract of the Log of the voyage from Antwerp to Saigon, Manila and Hong Kong 1881

1/5 1876 Seaman's Advance Notes Al7 Notes issued at Greenock to seamen on SS CHEFOO 23--25 March 1876 SS TIENTSIN 18-21 April 1876

1/6 1876-1879 Miscellaneous A17 Apr 1876 Dismissal of the Chief Steward of SS TIENTSIN Apr 1878 Acknowledgement letter from H Butterfield for the Bills of Sale of SS NEWCHWANG and WENCHOW Sep 1879 Testimonials of service of Captain J Ross

1/7 1875-1880 Miscellaneous A20 Mar 1875 Papers re cost of working the SS FOOCHOW and SWATOW in China 25 Sep Eastern trade Bill of Lading outwards on SS 1880 HOIHOW to Manila via the Suez Canal

116 JSSIV 2 1875-1883 Coast Boats Ownery Casualties

The papers in this series are concerned with accidents involving CBO steamers causing damage either to themselves or other parties and include masters' statements, accounts arising from the damage and repairs and insurance claims. They are arranged in alphabetical order of the CBO steamer involved.

2/1 1879-1880 Box No. SSCHEFOO A20 Aug 1879 Insurance Survey, Captain's Protest and various accounts from the holing of SS CHEFOO after striking Ocksen Island during a voyage from Amoy to Shanghai causing serious damage to the steamer and her cargo, on 19 August 1879 Statement of General Average - giving the pro test and disbursements Jan 1880 Statement of General and Particular Average - giving Master's Protest and Disbursements for broken propeller shaft on 15 January 1880 Aug 1880 Captain's Protest and accounts arising from the incident on 27 August 1880 when her Stern Shaft broke during a voyage from Shanghai to Amoy

2/2 1875-1877 SS FOOCHOW A20 Dec 1875 Papers including accounts, surveys and Master's Protest concerning her running aground on rocks outside Amoy during a voyage from Swatow to Shanghai on 6 December 1875 General Average and Particular Statements re incident 6 December 1875 1877 Accounts re propeller loose on the shaft at Chefoo during voyage Newchwang to Swatow 20 September 1877 Accounts re repair of broken propeller shaft on voyage Chefoo to Shanghai 3 November 1877 Accounts due to collision with SS SHAN GHAI on/ December 1877 in Shanghai harbour Statements of General Average and Particular re incidents of 3 Nov and 6 Dec 1877 JSSIV 2

2/3 1878 SS NEWCHWANG Box No. A20 Statements, accounts and arbitration deci sions re collisions of SS NEWCHWANG with the SERPENT in tow of the PATHFINDER on 16 Mar 1878

2/4 1881-1883 SS PAKOI A17 Papers relating to her grounding and sinking in Amoy harbour Nov 1881, including the Cap tain's Protest giving the details of the incident. Papers re the insurance between JS&S and Mersey Marine Insurance Co Ltd Insurance Statement of Claim by Master Deville on the grounding and sinking of SS PAKOI on Nov 1881 (this is dated 1883)

2/5 1876-1880 SS SWATOW A20 Jun 1876 Statement of Collision Claim after colliding with a junk on 18 June 1876 Jui 1877 Statements and accounts after striking the bar at Newchwang on 6 July 1877 Apr 1880 Statements and accounts arising from a collis ion with a junk in Taku River during a voyage from Shanghai to Tientsin 29 April 1880

2/6 1878 SSTIENTS/N A20 Statement of claim for damages after a collis ion with a junk 4 January 1878

2/7 1878 SSWENCHOW A20 2 copies of Statement for claim for damages, Master's Protest and accounts after a collision with SS FOOCHOW in Swatow harbour on 26 November 1878

2/8 1883 SS WHAMPOA A17 Account for insurance and Protest by Master J E Williams describing her running aground outside Suez on 30 October 1882

118 JSSIV 3

2/9 1883 SSWUCHANG Box No. A17 Papers re collision with German gunboat WOLF at Tientsin; including Captain's Protest, Insur ance Statement and accounts of expenses involved

1874-1884 Coast Boats Ownery and China Navigation Co Coastal Steamers Accounts

Folders of accounts for the steamers of Coast Boats Ownery and for the same steamers for 1883-84 after their amalgamation in the China Navi gation Company.

3/1 1874-76 Disbursements in London by JS&S for SS Box No. FOOCHOW and SWATOW for 1874-75 A18 3/2 1875- Half-yearly accounts with B&S for SS FOO Al8 Jun 1876 CHOW; SW ATOW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN Jul-Dec 1876

3/3 1877 A18 Jan-Jun Half-yearly accounts for SS FOOCHOW; Jul-Dec SWATOW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN

3/4 1878 A18 Jan-Jun Half-yearly accounts for SS FOOCHOW; Jul-Dec SWATOW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN; NEWCH WANG; WENCHOW

3/5 1879 A18 Jan-Jun Half-yearly accounts of SS FOOCHOW; SWAT Jul-Dec OW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN; NEWCHWANG; WENCHOW

3/6 1880 A18 Jan-Jun Half-yearly accounts of SS FOOCHOW; SWAT Jul-Dec OW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN; HOIHOW; PAKOI; KEELUNG; TAMSUI

119 JSSIV 3

3/7 1881 Box No. A18 Jan-Jun Half-yearly accounts of SS FOOCHOW; SWA Jui-Dec TOW; NEWCHWANG; WENCHOW

3/8 1882 A18 Jan-Jun Half-yearly accounts of SS FOOCHOW; SWA Jui-Dec TOW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN; HOIHOW; KEELUNG; TAMSUI

3/9 1876-1882 CBO Vouchers A18 1876-1878 Receipts from Williams(?) and Scotts 1877-1882 Income tax and Insurance vouchers 1880 Receipts and vouchers

3/10 1883 A18 Jan-Jun Working Accounts and Balance Sheets for SS Jui-Dec FOOCHOW; SWATOW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN; NEWCHWANG; WENCHOW; HOIHOW; KEE LUNG; TAMSUI; CHUNGKING; WUCHANG; WHAMPOA; WOOSUNG; TAIWAN; CHANG CHOW

3/12 1884 A18 Jan-Jun Working Accounts and Balance Sheets for SS Jul-Dec SWATOW; CHEFOO; TIENTSIN; NEWCH WANG; WENCHOW; HOIHOW; KEELUNG; TAMSUI; CHUNGKING; WUCHANG

3/12 1884 CNCo Australian Line A18 Jan-Jun Accounts for the four ships working the Aus Jui-Dec tralian Line: SS WHAMPOA; WOOSUNG; CHANGCHOW; TAIWAN

120 TAIKOO SUGAR REFINERY LIMITED

Taikoo Sugar Refinery was established by John Samuel Swire in June 1881 after a thorough investigation into the feasibility and openings for a new refinery in China. His determination to build the largest and most up-to-date plant was initially stimulated by a period of intense rivalry with Jardine, Matheson & Co. who already owned a refinery. A site for the refinery was selected at Quarry Bay, Hong Kong and the capital for the venture was put up chiefly by JSS himself, Halt's James Barrow, HJ Butterfield, Mssrs Ismay and Imrie, W J Thompson and RN Dale. JS&S were appointed Managers and B&S Hong Kong were responsible for the overall management and as General Agents for the purchase of raw sugars and the selling and distribution of the finished products. China was always the chief market but Australia, Japan and India were also import ant at different times in supplying additional outlets. TSR faced severe oppositition from JM&Co in its early years but by the 1920s the Japanese had become their greatest competitor. An up-country marketing system was established to counter this and to expand TSR markets in inland China as well as efforts to widen the Far Eastern areas served by TSR. The 1920s was a period of constant difficulties - a strike in 1923, poor markets in 1924 and a three month boycott in 1925. 1925, however, also saw the expansion of TSR into the largest single unit refinery in the world. In December 1941 Hong Kong fell to the Japanese and pro duction ceased until the plant was returned to JS&S hands in the autumn of 1945. The records of TSR listed below include a wide range of material on the organisation of the firm, particularly in the Twentieth Century, and the General Correspondence files (JSSV 1) cover all aspects of the manage ment and staffing of the plant. Unfortunately, the series is only complete from 1929-42, the files for the years 1923-28 which, apparently from the numbering system, were created being missing. For the Nineteenth Century development of the firm the records in JSSI 1/5-15 and JSSI 2/3-11 cover the discussions and surveys on its establishment and early history and problems. In addition the Director's Correspondence (JSSI 3) includes material relating to the Refinery and Far Eastern affairs affecting its progress and a certain amount of general information concerning TSR affairs, although not on the management of the Refinery itself, can be found in B&S correspondence (JSSII 2). There is very little on the post Second War period in any of the record series for TSR. JSSV 1 1922-1942 Taikoo Sugar Refinery General Letters

This is an incomplete correspondence series between JS&S as London Managers of the firm and B&S Hong Kong as General Agents in the East. The files are made up on the same pattern as JSSII 2 and the other main 20C series with letters chiefly from and to Hong Kong but with a few from Shanghai. The files are well indexed chronologically with a brief subject synopsis up to 1930 and then by subject alphabetically arranged. The files for 1923-28 appear to have been destroyed, or lost at some time.

1/1 1922 Sugar Refinery Letten Box No. 1337 2 volumes of letters covering the organisation of production and marketing of Taikoo sugar, the equipment and plant at Quarry Bay and the Staff. The letters from Shanghai concern TSR property and sugar in Japan, the possible construction of a refinery in Shanghai and notes on a Conference on Sugar held in Shang hai on 16 November January-June 19 Jan- To Hong Kong (40 letters) 29 Jun 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (88 letters) 30 Jun 16 Jun & From Shanghai (2 letters) 23 Jun July-December 6 Jui- To Hong Kong (35 letters) 28 Dec 7 Jui- From Hong Kong (105 letters) 30 Dec 21 Jui& From Shanghai (2 letters) 16 Nov

1/2 1929 Sugar Refinery Letten 20 2 volumes of letters concerning the new Refin ery buildings, the state of the market in China and TSR selling policy and the effects of Japanese competition January-June 4Jan- To Hong Kong (52 letters) 21 Jun

122 JSSV 1

4 Jan- From Hong Kong (87 letters) Box No. 28 Jun 26 Apr- From Shanghai (2 letters) 10 May

July-December 5 Jul- To Hong Kong (53 letters) 18 Dec 4Jul- From Hong Kong (101 letters) 27 Dec 25 Oct From Shanghai (1 letter)

1/3 1930 Refinery Letten 21 2 volumes covering market conditions pro duction, the political situation and its effect on TSR and Japanese competition, and expan sion into and advertising in the Indian market January-June 3 Jan- To Hong Kong (73 letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (143 letters) 27 Jun 3 Jan- From Shanghai (4 letters) 23 May July-December 4 Jul- To Hong Kong (63 letters) 24 Dec 4 Jul- From Hong Kong (137 letters) 26 Dec

Other Agencies Copies of letters from and to B&S Hong Kong re TSR sugar sent to JS&S London for their information 18 Jul- C Czarnikow Ltd, London (13 letters) 19 Dec re supplies of sugar and contracts 28 Jul- Maclaine Sugar Co Ltd, Sourabaya 28 Nov re sugar trade

1/4 1931 Refinery Letten 22 2 volumes covering marketing, production, sugar buying and Japanese competition January-June 9 Jan- To Hong Kong (56 letters) 26 Jun 2 Jan- From Hong Kong (75 letters) 26 Jun 123 JSSV 1

July-December Box No. 3 Jul- To Hong Kong (89 letters) 24 Dec 3 Jul- From Hong Kong (100 letters) 31 Dec 28 Aug & From Shanghai (89 letters) 16 Oct

1/5 1932 Refinery Letters 23 2 volumes covering TSR marketing and ad vertising, with examples of new adverts, and the general economic situation in China and the possible expansion into West Africa January-June 8 Jan- To Hong Kong (96 letters) 24 Jun 8 Jan- From Hong Kong (119 letters) 24 Jun July-December 1 Jul- To Hong Kong (66 letters) 23 Dec 1 Jul- From Hong Kong (84 letters) 30 Dec

1/6 1933 Refinery Letters 24 2 volumes covering TSR plant, supplies, costs, raw materials and marketing January-June 6 Jan- To Hong Kong (71 letters) 30 Jun 6 Jan- From Hong Kong (96 letters) 30 Jun July-December 7 Jul- To Hong Kong (88 letters) 29 Dec 7 Jul- From Hong Kong (108 letters) 29 Dec

1/7 1934 Refinery Letters 25 2 volumes covering marketing, sugar trade generally, plant etc. Of particular interest attached to Letter 30 from Hong Kong Jui Dec is a photograph of a monument to Marshal Joffre made entirely of Taikoo Icing Sugar by J Lubeck, a confectioner in Shanghai

124 JSSV 1

January-June Box No. S Jan- To Hong Kong (SS letters) 29 Jun S Jan- From Hong Kong (10 ! letters) 29 Jun July-December 6 Jul- To Hong Kong (S 3 letters) 28 Dec 6 Jul- From Hong Kong (103 letters) 28 Dec

1/8 1935-36 Refinery Letters 26 4 volumes covering prices, selling policy and in 1936 concerning Imperial preferences and the Ottowa Preferences January-June 1935 4 Jan- To Hong Kong (57 letters) 28 Jun 4 Jan- From Hong Kong (96 letters) 28 Jun July-December 1935 2 Jul- To Hong Kong (62 letters) 27 Dec S Jul- From Hong Kong (82 letters) 27 Dec January-June 1936 3 Jan- To Hong Kong (32 letters) 26 Jun 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (61 letters) 26 Jun July-December 1936 3 Jul- To Hong Kong (64 letters) 24 Dec 3 Jul- From Hong Kong (84 letters) 31 Dec

1/9 1937 Refinery General Letters 27 2 volumes covering selling, Japanese competi tion, the effect of the political situation on production and the search for alternative markets in the East January-June 1 Jan- To Hong Kong (71 letters) 25 Jun 1 Jan- From Hong Kong (94 letters) (a few also B&S 25 Jun Shanghai re up-country selling)

125 JSSV 1

July-December Box No. 2 Jui- To Hong Kong (40 letters) 31 Dec 2 Jui- From Hong Kong (85 letters) 31 Dec

1/10 1938 Refinery General 28 1 volume concerned with the loss of the China market, selling policies and the search for new markets for TSR products 7 Jan- To Hong Kong (108 letters) 30 Dec 7 Jan- From Hong Kong (165 letters) 29 Dec

1/11 1939 Refinery General Letters 29 1 volume concerning the Chinese and world markets and the war 6 Jan- To Hong Kong (78 letters) 29 Dec 5 Jan- From Hong Kong (165 letters) 29 Dec

1/12 1940-42 Refinery General Letters 397 1 volume covering period up to the Japanese take over and subsequent arrangements for unwanted supplies and outstanding orders 5Jan1940- To Hong Kong (60 letters) 13Mar1942 1-45 to Kong Kong (up to 5.12.41) 46--60 to Calcutta 12Jan1940-From Hong Kong (130 letters) 30Jan1942 1-124 from Hong Kong 125-130 from Freemantle & Sydney & Cal- cutta Annual Reports for 1940 Copies of reports on sugar sales etc sent into B&S Hong Kong from B&S and other agents ofTSR at outports: 14Jan1941 Amoy 28Mar1941 Calcutta 8Feb1941 Chefoo 22Jan1941 Colombo 15Febl941 Hankow 7Mar1941 Harbin

126 JSSV 2

3Mar1941 lpoh 19Febl941 Kiukiang 8Febl941 Newchwang 25Jan1941 Ningpo 22Jan1941 Rangoon 23Jan1941 Shanghai 14Jan1941 Singapore 5 Feb 1941 Tientsin 25 Feb 1941 Dairen

1928-37 Taikoo Sugar Refinery Property

In addition to the files listed below which contain details, of, correspond ence about and scheduled lists of TSR property and leases, further mater ial can also be found in JSSI 6 in particular 6/3 & 4 where title deeds of Quarry Bay land and buildings are listed. Other legal papers and deeds etc may be found in JSSI 8 and JSSV 6.

2/1 1932-37 Refinery Property Letters Box No. 34 1 volume of letters between JS&S London and B&S Hong Kong concerning the plant, build ings, repairs, alterations, staff accommodation, costs etc. There is an alphabetically arranged subject index listing letters to and from Hong Kong 15Jull932- To Hong Kong (62 letters) 31Decl937 1Jul1930- From Hong Kong (99 letters) 31Decl937

2/2 1910-33 Refinery Property 1396 Jun 1928 Correspondence between JS&S and Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, London concerning the deposit of leases and papers re TSR property and land - including schedules listing the papers deposited 1910-28 Various other letters concerning the Quarry Bay site and listing of Crown Leases. Letters of June 1928 with Quarrell of Thompson, Quarrell and Attneave, solicitors, re the making up of the schedules

127 JSSV 3

Nov 1933 Correspondence between JS&S and Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp. re new Crown Leases after land exchanges at Quarry Bay. Detailed lists of contents of leases and other legal papers

1932-42 Taikoo Sugar Refinery Accounts Letters

Correspondence files relating to the making up of TSR accounts both in Hong Kong and London, and letters concerning TSR Taxation assess ments including various accounts.

3/1 1941-42 Refinery Accounts Letters Box No. CLOSED 314 1977 1 volume containing letters between JS&S and B&S Hong Kong and India concerning accounts tax, insurance, and war damages claims to the Colonial Office

10Jan1941- To Hong Kong (48 letters) 20Nov1942 1-40 to Hong Kong 41-48 to Calcutta 10Jan1941- From Hong Kong (92 letters) 5Jan1942 1-85 from Hong Kong 86-92 from India 1941-42 Sundries Correspondence between JS&S London and other agencies re TSR accounts and payments arranged in alphabetical order under correspondent

3/2 1932-38 Taxation Letters 316 7 Apr1932- Correspondence between JS&S and HM lnspec- 23Jun1938 tor of Taxes re assessments for tax and including copies of various accounts statements

3/3 1939-43 Taxation Letters 483 CLOSED 1978 11 May 1939 - Correspondence between JS&S and HM Inspec 30 Dec 1943 tor of Taxes re assessments covering tax years Jan-Dec 1938 - Jan-Dec 1941

128 JSSV 5 1883-1941 Taikoo Sugar Refinery Accounts

Only incomplete series of accounts survive for TSR, the years 1883- 1935 contained in bound volumes but no full accounts post 1935 remain, the file for 1940-41 being an odd one analysing TSR costs and produc tion.

Box No. 4/1 1883-1894 TSR Accounts Book B29 4/2 1894-1900 TSR Accounts Book B30 4/3 1901-1905 TSR Accounts Book B31 4/4 1901-1917 TSR London Accounts B32 4/5 1917-1935 TSR Accounts B33 4/6 Jui 1940- Tables and accounts analysing costs, giving the 488 Sep 1941 type of sugar, output, cost, net return

1940 Taikoo Sugar Refinery Staff

Material rell!ting to TSR staff is also to be found in JSSI 5 where sections in 5/3-5 all deal with TSR staff including internees, agreements and the Provident Fund in the post-war years.

5/1 1940 Staff Register A2 Bound loose leaf register containing sheets giving personal details of staff employed in TSR in 1940. This gives date of birth, service details, leave and pay arrangements etc but only for those still in the firm as the sheets were removed once the employee left. List of general pay scales as of June 1940

1905-1941 Taikoo Sugar Refinery Co Legal and Organisation Papers

This section contains various files concerned with the organisation of the

129 JSSV 6 firm and legal contracts arising from its functioning and property.

6/1 Dec 1905 Correspondence between JS&S and the Trade Box No. Mark Owners Association concerning the 2016E registering of Taikoo Sugar Refinery Trade Mark in Britain 6/2 28 Jan JS&S letters to JS&S re the appointment of 1914 JS&S as sole agents for TSR instead of jointly with B&S as before

6/3 1924-29 Up Country Selling Organisation 230 Bound volume concerned with the organisation for marketing TSR products within China Copy of a 39pp memorandum on the TSR Up Country Selling Organisation, its basic working and the theory behind it Dated 30 June 1929 Blank examples of forms connected with the organisation - in English and Chinese

6/4 1927 & 1938DavieBoag& Co 2016E 14Feb 1927 Lease by TSR to Davie Boag & Co Ltd of land on the Quarry Bay site from 1 Aug 1928 2 Nov 1938 Agreement with Davie Boag & Co to take delivery of all Raw Sugar Bags emptied at the Refinery 6/5 1929 Extensive correspondence about and legal opin- 2016E ions and agreements concerned with the Water Rights of TSR and the extent of their legal powers to supply water in the Quarry Bay area. Includes copies of previous correspondence and legal papers on this from 1893- 1929

6/6 1930-34 Letters of Instruction 25 (See also 6/3) Copies of letters of instruction sent out from B&S Hong Kong to the agents in ports selling sugar giving details of prices, commissions, sales tactics, contracts etc. Each letter was numbered and amendments sent out later subnumbered l-15A. Leters 6A-X cover price differentials. Examples of forms agents are to use in making their returns are also included

130 6/7 13May1933 Agreement between TSR and JS&S altering the Box No. terms of the Agreement appointing JS&S 2016E as General Agents dated 27 January 1893, and that of 27 January 1914 (See 6/2)

6/8 1941 TSRContracts 2064 30Jun1941 Contract No C/2455 Between TSR through JS&S London and Czarnikow, London, Glasgow and Liverpool selling to TSR for account of the Ministry of Food, Sugar Division, laying out the goods and conditions of sale 11 Aug1941 Contract No C/2793 Similar contract between the same parties and laying out the goods and conditions

131 TAIKOO DOCKYARD AND ENGINEERING COMP ANY LIMITED

The idea for a dockyard in Hong Kong to service, repair, adapt and build vessels for CNCo was first put forward when the Sugar Refinery was estab lished at Quarry Bay and surplus land remained on that site. The suggestion was made several times during the late Nineteenth Century but was opposed by John Samuel Swire as uneconomic and too far outside their usual interests. The need, however, for adequate, reliable and easily avail able overhaul facilities in the East increased and the Dockyard was event ually begun in 1900-01 at Quarry Bay. It was registered in Britain with JS&S appointed as London Managers, B&S Eastern Managers and Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Co as Expert Advisers. The first ship for CNCo was built by 1910, but it was sixteen years before there was a profit on the working account and twenty before a dividend was declared. The Dockyard's chief competitor was the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company from whom the new firm faced considerable hostility for many years until a working agreement was reached between them in 1913. In 1940 the British company went into voluntary liquidation so that a new one could be opened and registered in Hong Kong and the Dockyard con tinued to expand after the Second World War despite the destruction caused by the Japanese during their occupation from 1942-1945. The early development of the Company is covered in the main JSSI correspondence series, see JSSI 1/13-15 and JSSI 2/9-11. There are no general correspondence files for the Twentieth Century but the accounting side up to the liquidation of the British Company in 1940 is well covered and many of the legal papers connected to the formation of the firm survive (JSSVI 5). Additional material on the early years, particularly the financial aspects, can be found connected with the legal disputes which arose over the settlement of Edwin Mackintosh's estate, JSSI 8/8. A little material on the Twentieth Century can be found scattered through the files of letters from B&S Hong Kong whose responsibility the Dockyard's general development chiefly was (JSSII 2).

132 JSSVI 1 1933 Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Co Property

Apart from the files listed below relating specifically to TD&ECo property alone there are also sections concerned with the Company's land and property in JSSI 6; in particular 6/3 & 4 listing title deeds to TD&ECo property on the Quarry Bay site and 6/5 concerning compensation for war damage to TD&ECo possessions. (See also JSSVI 5 for legal papers re pur chase and JSSVI 3/2 for details of accounts relating to property including appreciation and depreciation of buildings.)

1/1 Nov 1933 TD&ECo Property Box No. 1396 Correspondence between JS&S London and Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp re new Crown Leases after land exchanges at Quarry Bay. Giving detailed lists of contents of leases and other legal papers (see also JSSV 2/2 with which this is closely connected).

1931-1947 Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Co Accounts Letters

Series of correspondence between JS&S and B&S Hong Kong and the Manager of TD&ECo re the making up of the accounts and with HM Inspector of Taxes concerning the Dockyard's tax assessments.

2/1 1940 Dockyard Accounts Letters 318 Letters between JS&S, B&S Hong Kong and the Manager covering the financial accounts, arrangements for putting the Company into liquidation and re-registering in Hong Kong, accounts arising from this including surtax problems 5 Jan- To Hong Kong (120 Letters) 27 Dec 5 Jan- From Hong Kong (132 Letters) 27 Dec Provident Fund Accounts Balances as at 31 December 1940 Estimated Results Statements Monthly estimates for 1940

133 JSSVI 2 Box No. May-Nov Minutes Minutes of monthly meetings of Directors held in B&S Hong Kong office (omitting July and October) List of Dockyard Payroll

2/2 1941-42 Dockyard Accounts Letters CLOSED 320 Letters between JS & S, B & S Hong Kong and 1977 the Chairman, including correspondence be tween the Chairman, W A Lowe, and G W Swire concerning estimates, tax accounts and after December 1941 with B & S lndia on clearing up TD & ECo outstanding affairs 10 Jan To Hong Kong (67 Letters) 1941- 15 May 1-65 to the Manager and B & S Hong Kong 1942 66 & 67 to B & S lndia

3 Jan From Hong Kong (96 Letters) 1941- 6 Feb 1~93 from Hong Kong 94-96 B&S 1942 India Jan-Sep Estimates 1941 Monthly estimates Jan-Sep 1940 Jan-Oct Minutes 1941 Minutes of the monthly meetings of Directors held in B & S Hong Kong offices. Sundry Correspondence JS&S correspondence with other agencies including the Admiralty, Navy, Scotts-re Dock yard finances, arranged in alphabetical order of correspondent.

2/3 1945-46 Dockyard Accounts Letter, 389 CLOSED I volume of indexed correspondence between 1981 JS&S and TD&ECo covering the re-establishment of the Company staff payments especially the rising cost of living in Hong Kong, plant costs etc and including account sheets of income and expenditure. 2 Nov To Hong Kong (104 Letters) 1945- 13 Dec 1946 5 Oct- From Hong Kong (149 Letters) 27 Dec 1945 134 JSSVI 2

Sundry Letters Box No. Correspondence between JS&S and other agencies- including the Admiralty, banks, con cerning Dockyard financial matters, arranged in alphabetical order. 2/4 1947 Dockyard Accounts Letters 475 CLOSED 1982 Letters concerning financial affairs the make up of accounts etc between JS&S London and TD&ECo 3 Jan- To Hong Kong (82 Letters) 26 Dec 3 Jan- From Hong Kong (119 Letters) 19 Dec Weekly Statements of Bank Balances 8 May- Copies of weekly bank balances giving details 24 Dec of overdraft with Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank; Securities and Cash on Current Account with JS&S Chinese Cost of Living 3 Jan- Copies of memorandum from the Manager 19 Dec (Finnie) to the Board on the current cost of living; Food and Fuel costs per week 30 May- Establishment Charges 19 Dec Various papers including letters from TD& ECo to GW Swire re charges with minutes of meetings and memoranda on Pool Agreements Other Correspondence Letters between JS&S London and various agencies- including Government Departments, TD&ECo staff individually, banks, Scotts-re financial matters

2/5 1931-36 Taxation Letters 316 28 Aug Letters between JS & S London and HM In 1931- spector of Taxes re TDE&Co Accounts and 17 Jui tax assessment 1936

2/6 1937-41 Taxation Accounts Letters 317 7 Jun Correspondence between JS&S as General 1937- Managers of TD&ECo and HM Inspector of 25 Nov Taxes concerning accounts including copies of 1941 the audited accounts and tax computations. Letters after July 1940 dealing with tax prob lems arising from its voluntary liquidation and letters from D C Wilson, the Liquidator 135 JSSVI 3 1907-40 Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company Accounts

No complete series of accounts is preserved but the two bound volumes JSSVI 3/1 & 2 cover the basic accounts of the firm with JS&S from 1907 to the late 1930's and 3/3-11 give detailed accounts statements for 1936-41. 3/1 1907-35 Old London Accounts Ledger B35 Ledger entries for property and preliminary ex penses with JS&S at the establishment of the Dockyard; later various accounts, Balance Sheets, Working Accounts etc.

3/2 1907-39 Property Book B34 Accounts relating to TD&ECo property in cluding depreciation, appreciation, costs includ ing labour etc.

3/3 Annual Accounts Box No. 319 May 1937 January-December 1936 Yearly accounts and letters from TD&ECo forwarding and explaining the accounts sheets 3/4 May 1938 January-December 1937 319 Statements of Accounts. 3/5 March 1939 319 Property and Plant Statements 1938 State ments of accounts Jan-Dec 1938-including summaries of Capital Expenditure; accounts of Floating Property; Machinery; Obsolete Plant. 3/6 Apr 1939 General Accounts 1938 319 Statements for staff; stocks; stores etc 3/7 Apr 1940 Main Accounts January-December 1939 319 Statements of Accounts and Managers' Report on the year's working. 3/8 March 1940 Property Accounts 1939 319 Statements of accounts, including summaries of Capital Expenditure; Floating Property etc 3/9 Aug 1940 Accounts January-March 1940 319 Pre-Incorporation Accounts giving various detailed accounts sheets 3/10 Mar 1940 Comparative Statements of Working 1940 319 Comparative statements of Percentages for January-December 1940 136 JSSVI 4

3/11 Sep 1941 Main Accounts January-December 1940 Box No. Full Statements of detailed accounts- including 319 staff, stores, profit and loss, machines etc

3/12 1940 TD&ECo Liquidation 488 Papers relating to the liquidation of the Com pany and its reformation as a Hong Kong Regis tered Company Jan-Feb Notices and resolutions of an Extra-ordinary General Meeting of TD&ECo members to liquid ate the Company Copy of announcement accompanying the Dividend Declaration of 1939 and attached copy of 'London Gazette' June 1941 but pages re Swire's and TD&ECo missing File of letters between JS&S and HM Inspector of Taxes re tax problems arising from the liquid ation of the London registered TD&ECo Balance Sheets of TD&ECo in Voluntary Liquidation 1940

1941 Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company Staff

Material also relating to TD&ECo staff can be found in JSSI 5 where sections in 5/3-5 deal with interned staff, agreements and the provident Fund in the post-war years.

4/1 1941 Staff Book Box No. Bound loose leaf register containing sheets A3 giving personal details of staff employed in TD&ECo in 1941. This gives date of birth, service details, leave and pay arrangements etc but only for those still in the firm as the sheets were removed once the employee left. List of staff classified by occupation; 3 copies of a list of the staff as of 11 Jun 1941 giving name, birth date, salary, post.

137 JSSVI 5 1908-1954 Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company Legal Papers

This section contains the legal papers, agreements and licences arising from the establishment of the firm and its functioning, including the agreements for the purchase of the property from JS&S and the postponement of pay ment until the Dockyard was financially secure.

5/1 1908-1913 Formation of the Company Box No. 2016E Memoranda and legal papers arising from the creation of the firm including minutes of the meeting of 28 May 1908 giving the outline of the purpose and basic organisation of the Com pany; Memorandum and Articles of Association; Agreements including with H G Dowler as Trustee of the Company and property, share and debentures.

5/2 1908-1913 JS&S agreements re purchase AS Papers, some duplicates of those in 5/1 con cerning the arrangements for the creation of the Company including- 23 May Agreement with H G Dowler as Dockyard 1908 Trustee for the sale of JS&S property in Hong Kong to TD&ECo 1 Feb Agreement allotting 1000 TD&ECo shares to 1909 JS&S as part of purchase price of May 1908 agreement 11 Dec Agreement allotting JS&S 4000 shares as part 1913 of uncompleted payment.

5/3 1908-1920 Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Co"espondence 2016E Correspondence between JS&S and HK&S Bank concerning the arrangements for debentures and other financial affairs of TD&ECo 5/4 1909-1919 Postponement of Payment AS Various papers re JS&S and TD&ECo agree ments to postpone payment of purchase price to JS&S 30 Jun Agreement to postpone payment of purchase 1909 price to JS&S for 5 years and to waive interest payments until 1 Dec 1909 138 JSSVI 5

30 Jun Agreement to postpone payment for not more Box No. 1914 than 10 more years 1 Aug Letter JS&S to TD&ECo re determination of 1919 purchase and taking up debentures 31 Dec Resolution of General Managers of TD&ECo 1919 allotting 582 debentures to J Swire, G W Swire, and C C Scott as nominees of JS&S in final payment 5/5 15 Oct Agreement and copy of agreement between AS 1931 TD&ECo and JS&S re reduction of capital 5/6 1908 & General Managers Agreement AS 1914 4Aug Original and duplicate agreement between TD& 1908 ECo and JS&S appointing JS&S and B&S as General Managers of the Company and settling fees and commission rates 28 Jan Letters appointing JS&S as sole General Man- 1914 agers of TD&ECo 5/7 15 Oct Original Agreement appointing JS&S as General 2016E 1931 Managers, amending those of 1908 and 1920

5/8 1940 &1948 Buying Agents Agreements AS 30 Mar Agreement appointing B&S as Buying Agents 1940 CLOSED 13 Jui Agreement appointing B&S as Buying Agents 1983 1948 Note 5/9 to 5/13 all concern TD&ECo's relationship with the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company and W S Bailey & Co 5/9 1912 Copy of the Memoranda and Articles of AS Association of W S Bailey & Co incorporated in Hong Kong on 2 March 1909

5/10 2May Agreement between Hong Kong and Whampoa 2016E 1913 Dock Co and TD&ECo to pool trade with a list of labour and materials prices as of May 1913 5/11 1913-1971 Pool agreement (as in 5/10) with correspond- AS CLOSED ence attached between TD&ECo and JS&S and 2006 HK&WD re agreements and relations from 1950 to 1971 5/12 26 Aug Agreement for lease of No 3 slipway on Kow- 2016E 1937 loon Marine Lot No 52 by TD&ECo and HK& 139 JSSVI 5

WD Co from W S Bailey through HK&S Bank Box No. who held Bailey's mortgages 5/13 1937 & Copy of agreement in 5/12 with attached letter A8 CLOSED 1949 from E G Price, Hong Kong, to Sir John Masson 1984 enclosing plans of Bailey's Yard

5/14 1913-1954 Agreements with Scott's Shipbuilders ASA 1 Jan Memorandum embodying the agreement be 1913 tween JS&S and Scott's re payments for services as expert advisers to TD&ECo and CNCo and copies of letters 1913 and 1921 in which agree ment terms are laid out CLOSED 31Jan Folder of letters between JS&S and Scott's 1982 1947- concerning the Annual Accounts and Design 14 Feb Committee. 1947 CLOSED 21 Feb Letter from Scott's to JS&S proposing Fee for 1982 1947& Expert Advice and letters discussing this 29 Apr 1947 CLOSED 7 Apr Original and copy of agreement between TD& 1989 1954 ECo CNCo and Scott's for Expert Advice to run until 31 December 1959 5/15 1920-1940 Agreements with Parson's Marine Steam Tur- ASA bine Co. 13 Dec Licence from Parson's Marine Steam Turbine ASA 1920 Co Ltd to TD&ECo to make, use and sell Marine Steam Turbines 13 Mar Correspondence extending the licence 1930- 16 Mar 1938 30 Sep Deed transfering the licence to the Hong Kong 1940 registered TD&ECo 5/16 lOFeb Agreement with The British Perlit Iron Co Ltd ASA 1931 granting TD&ECo a manufacturing licence for their patents 5/17 1937-1952 Agreements with Kort Propulsion Co Ltd ASA CLOSED 24 Jun Copy of Sub-Licence between KPCo and TD& 1982 1937 & ECo and agreement of 194 7 supplementary to 28 May it 1947

140 JSSVI 5

CLOSED 22 Dec Sub-Licence between KPCo and TD&ECo 1987 1952 5/18 27 Sep Original stamped copy of Sulzer Licence ASA 1934 Agreement between Sulzer Freres Societe Anonyme and TD&ECo over certain of their patents 5/19 23 Nov Memorandum of an Agreement between North ASA 1938 Eastern Marine Engineering Co and JS&S for TD&ECo to build Reheater Machinery 5/20 1947-1961 Agreements with William Doxford & Sons ASA CLOSED 9 Jan Licence between William Doxford and TD&ECo 1982 1947 CLOSED 12 Apr New Licence Agreement between Doxford and 1996 1961 TD&ECo 5/21 22 Jui Draft of an agreement to appoint TD&ECo as ASA CLOSED 1949 General Agents of Pacific Air Maintenance and 1984 Supply Co Ltd 5/22 23 Feb Agreement between S G Brown Ltd, Watford ASA CLOSED 1950 and TD&ECo appointing TD&ECo as servic- 1985 ing agents 5/23 13 Dec Memorandum of Agreement between TD&ECo ASA CLOSED 1952 and CNCo for TD&ECo to supply maintenance 1987 of their Electrical Installations 5/24 10 Nov Agreement between TD&ECo and Lambert ASA CLOSED 1954 Bros appointing them as agents of TD&ECo in 1989 Britain for salvaging

141 TIENTSIN LIGHTER COMP ANY

The Tientsin Lighter Company was formed in 1904 as a joint venture by John Swire and Sons and Alfred Holt's to serve primarily the China Navigation Company and the Ocean Steamship Company. Butterfield and Swire were appointed the Eastern Managers, the management being the responsibility of the Shanghai Office and run through the B&S Agent at Tientsin. Lighters had to be used for loading and discharging cargoes at Tientsin due to insufficient water depth in the Paiho River and over the bar at Taku and Swire's and Holt's had employed the local firm Taku Tug and Lighter Company up to 1904. The suggestion that Swire's should form their own firm had been put forward several times in the 1880s but it was one of the projects with which John Samuel Swire would not agree. The difficulties, however, between TT &LCo and JS&S increased with disputes over inefficient and inadequate service and too high costs, leading by 1903-04 to the decision to set up an independent company. The two firms competed for business for some years until after a period of hostility in 1911-12 working agreements were reached. The company was sus pended during the Japanese invasion from 1941-45, was reformed in 1946 and continued in existence until the final accounts were presented in July 1951. Apart from the Company's records listed below which cover all aspects of the general management through B&S Shanghai and Tientsin from 1917 to 1936 and accounts up to 1951, there are also several sections of the archive which relate to the development of the firm. For the Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century discussions on the need for a lighter com pany JSSI 2/21 covers the Shanghai Managers' views and JSSII 1/15 the Tientsin angle, particularly the difficulties with the TT&LCo. The London side of the debate is unfortunately missing as there is no Out Letters volume for the years 1902-04, but the early years of the company's business can be traced in JSSI 1/14 & 15. JSSVII 1 1917-1936 Tientsin Lighter Co General Correspondence

Files containing correspondence of JS&S with various agencies concerning the running of the Company and covering all aspects of the management of the Lighter Co.

1/1 1917-25 Correspondence between JS&S London and Box No. B&S Shanghai, Eastern Managers of TLCo, 154 and B&S Tientsin, Agents for TLCo, concern ing the general management and running of the Co including staff, costs, accounts, tariffs etc 2Feb 1917- To Shanghai (82 letters) 24Dec1925 12Mar1917- From Shanghai (140 letters) 29Dec1925 23Nov1922- To Tientsin (3 letters) 5Dec1924 2Jan1917- From Tientsin (30 letters) 26Nov1925

1/2 1926-28 Correspondence between JS&S London and 154 B&S Shanghai and B&S Tientsin on the management of the Company 26 Feb 1926- To Shanghai (57 letters) 7Dec1928 8Jan1926- From Shanghai (130 letters) 28Dec1928 To Tientsin (Nil) 22Jan1926- From Tientsin (3 letters) 24Jun1926

1/3 1929-30 Correspondence between JS&S and B&S 154 Shanghai and Tientsin on the organisation, accounts, staff etc 11Jan1929- To Shanghai (43 letters) 20Jun1930 4Jan1929- From Shanghai (99 letters) 20Jun1930 22Mar1929 To Tientsin (1 letter) 20Mar1929 From Tientsin (1 letter)

1/4 1930 Letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai 154 1 Aug- To China (11 letters) 24 Dec 4 Jul- From Shanghai (26 letters) 14 Nov 143 JSSVII 2

1/5 1931-36 Correspondence between JS&S and B&S Box No. Shanghai 154 16Jan1931- To China (70 letters) 6Nov1936 9Jan 1931- From Shanghai (138 letters) 4Dec1936 20May1931- From Tientsin (5 letters) 6Febl936 Brief notes only forwarding Revised Tariffs not preserved

1/6 1928-29 Tientsin Lighter Company and Alfred Holt 154 Correspondence between JS&S London and Holt's concerning TLCo covering accounts, new tonnage and the lighters in service 22 May 1928 - To Holt's (9 letters) 25Octl929 3Janl928- From Holt's (13 letters) 26Octl929

1932-1943 Tientsin Lighter Company Accounts Letters

Correspondence concerning the make up of accounts and financial arrange ments is filed within the General series JSSVII 1 additional material below is concerned with accounts arising from TLCo taxation

2/1 1932-38 Taxation Letters 316 12Janl932- Correspondence between JS&S and H M 26Jull938 Inspector of Taxes re tax assessments including copies of accounts statements

2/2 1939-43 Taxation Letters 483 CLOSED 1978 28Junl939 Correspondence between JS&S and H M 13Oct1943 Inspector of Taxes re tax accounts of TLCo

144 JSSVII 3 1938-1951 Tientsin Lighter Company Accounts

No full series of accounts has been preserved but copies of accounts state ments can be found in both JSSVII 1 & 2. TLCo Eastern Accounts for 1938 to 1951 consist of folders of account statements sent from the East to JS&S London. There are no accounts for 1941-1946.

3/1 1938 Box No. 271 19Apr1939 Accounts of year ending 31 Dec 1938 with covering explanatory letter from B&S Shanghai

3/2 1939 271 29Feb1940 Accounts for year ending Dec 1939

3/3 1940 271 8 Mar 1941 Accounts for year ending Dec 1940 with covering explanatory letters from B&S Shanghai

3/4 1946 217 CLOSED 1984 2Jul 1948 Accounts for year ending Dec 1946 with covering Jetter from B&S Shanghai

3/5 1947 271 CLOSED 1982 13May1949 Accounts for year ending Dec 194 7 with covering letters from B&S Shanghai

3/6 1948 271 CLOSED 1983 5 Jun 1950 Accounts for year ending Dec 1948 sent to JS&S by B&S Hong Kong

3/7 1949 271 CLOSED 1984 21 Augl950 Accounts of the year ending Dec 1949 with covering explanatory Jetter from B&S Hong Kong

3/8 1950 271 i;~SED 24My1951 Accounts for the year ending Dec 1950 with covering explanatory Jetter from B&S Hong Kong

145 JSSVII 3

3/9 1951 Jan-Jui Box No. CLOSED 1 Nov 1951 271 Accounts for the year Jan-Jui 1951 with 1986 Report on the Final Accounts 1 Jan-31 Jui 1951 by B&S Tientsin These account sheets include for most years Working Accounts; Expenses; Machine Shop Working Account; Stores and Spare Gear; Salaries; Comparisons with previous year and Account with London

146 JSSVIII 1

TAIKOO CHINESE NAVIGATION COMPANY

In the face of increasing nationalist sentiments by 1930, particularly in the Szechuan Province, it was decided to establish a new company to handle the Upper Yangtze trade. The company was registered in Hong Kong in March 1930 and was intended to be an Anglo-Chinese Company with a proportion of the shares held by Chinese, which were initially held by Taikoo compradores and employees but were designed for outsiders. Five steamers, WANHSIEN, WANLIU, WANTUNG, SUISHAN, SUITING, were sold by CNCo to the new company and CNCo through B&S were appoin ted as local agents at the ports where CNCo were already established. Little documentary evidence of the formation and running of this company remains in the archive, apart from the few files listed below the other references to it are mainly within the records of CNCo (JSSIII) and in the Shanghai Master File.

1937-1941 Taikoo Chinese Navigation Co Tonnage Letters

Correspondence relating to the deployment of TCNCo ships and their general running.

1/1 1937-41 Tonnage Box No. 356 Letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai and Hong Kong concerning TCNCo ships and their routes and employment. The letters include ones from G W Swire to Fisher 28May1937- To China (36 letters) 29Mar1946 1-33 to B&S Hong Kong & Shanghai 34 to B&S India 35 to B&S Hong Kong re the re-registration of the company 15 Mar 1940- From Hong Kong (17 letters) 14Nov1941 7May1937- From Shanghai (28 letters) 28Nov1941 JSSVIII 2 1927-1942 Taikoo Chinese Navigation Co Accounts Letters

Correspondence concerning the make up of TCNCo accounts and the fin ancial arrangements of the Company but including material on the finan cial background to its formation including its registration and shareholders and its organisation.

2/1 1927-30 Accounts Letters Box No. 270 Volume of indexed letters between JS&S and B&S Hong Kong and Shanghai covering par ticularly the formation of the company and its registration - including early letters from Shanghai on the need for a Chinese registered company and arrangements for a registered office in Hong Kong and the working man agement in Shanghai 10Janl930- To Hong Kong (32 letters) 19Decl930 20 Dec 1929- From Hong Kong (36 letters) 19Decl930 l0Jan 1930- To Shanghai (16 letters) 12Dec 1930 1 Mar 1927- From Shanghai (26 letters) 19Decl930

2/2 1937-42 Accounts Letters 270 CLOSED Volume of indexed letters covering accounts 1977 and insurance between JS&S and B&S - including letters between Hong Kong and Shanghai and minutes of the Shanghai Com mittee of the Board of Directors of TCNCo 8Janl937- To China (33 letters) 27Febl942 5Mar 1937- From Hong Kong (22 letters) 26Sepl941 30Aprl937- From Shanghai (27 letters) 25Novl941 22Jan 1939- Hong Kong to Shanghai (7 letters) 7 Sep 1939 8Janl937- Shanghai to Hong Kong (24 letters) 1Augl940

148 JSSVIII 3 1930-1939 Taikoo Chinese Navigation Co Accounts

Accounts prepared in Shanghai and Hong Kong and sent to JS&S as Lon don Agents of TCNCo.

3/1 1930-39 Hong Kong Accounts Box No. 270 Copies of year ending statements and a few half yearly ones (Note that the year end changes to September in 1936) Letters from B&S Hong Kong forwarding the accounts and minutes of the Annual General Meetings

3/2 1940 Hong Kong Accounts 270 Accounts for year ending 30 Sep 1940

3/3 1930-37 Shanghai Accounts 270 Balance sheets and Working Accounts for years ending Dec 1930-Sep 1937

3/4 1938-39 Shanghai Accounts 270 Balances and statements of vessels workings for year end Sep 1938 & 39

3/5 1941 Shanghai Accounts 270 Balances and statements of working for year end Sep 1941 from Shanghai to Hong Kong. B&S India to JS&S sending accounts for Shanghai Sep 1941 made up from books brought out from Hong Kong

3/6 1933-39 Account Summaries 270 Summaries of Charter Hire and balances of TCNCo ships

149 ORIENT PAINT, COLOUR AND VARNISH COMPANY LIMITED

The Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Company Ltd was formed partly to provide a regular supply of paint fitting the requirements of the CNCo and also because it was felt that there was an economic future for the paint factory in Shanghai in the 1930s. By December 1932, despite JS&S and B&S' admitted lack of technical knowledge of paint production, the project was well under way and it was only in December 1933 that the British paint manufacturers Pinchin, Johnson and Co, whose paint was distributed in China by Wilkinson, Heywood and Clark, became inter ested in the proposed factory. The jointly financed company was registered in Hong Kong in 1934 with JS&S appointed General Agents, acting through B&S Shanghai, and PJ&Co as Expert Advisers. In 1938 OPCo and WH&C were amalgamated in China and in 1942 the entire operation was appropriated by the Japanese and for the war years was run by a Japanese company. The factory reverted to JS&S ownership in 1945 and production was in full swing again by 1946. The correspondence and legal papers listed below cover the forma tion and management of the company from 1933-1941, and the post-war redevelopment of the company. Additional material on the factory can also be found in the records of B&S Shanghai, in particular JSSII 3, for the years 1939-1941, and in file JSSI 6/10 concerning the Japanese take over of the plant in 1942. On the accounting side, however, little documentary evidence remains.

1933-1947 Orient Paint, Colour & Varnish Co Letters

Correspondence between JS&S London and B&S, General Agents for OPCo, and Pinchin, Johnson & Co Ltd, joint shareholders in OPCo with JS&S and Expert Advisers, covering the establishment, running and general management of the firm. JSSIX 1

1/1 1933-35 General Co"espondence Box No. 172 Volume of letters concerning the formation and equiping of the Company; staff, supplies, buildings and technical and legal affairs 13Janl933- To Shanghai ( 40 letters) 28Junl935 23Decl932- From Shanghai (72 letters) 28Junl935 1Marl934- To Pinchin, Johnson & Co (58 letters) 26Junl935 28Febl934- From Pinchin, Johnson & Co (77 letters) 26Junl935 lOJul 1934 To W B Kennett, solicitors (I letter) 3-25 Jui From W B Kennett (5 letters) 1934 23Augl934- Minutes of Meetings of Board of Directors 1Junl935 held in B&S offices Shanghai

1/2 1935-36 General Co"espondence 173 Volume of letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai and Pinchin, Johnson & Co concern ing management, staff, advertising and tech nical matters 12Ju11935- To Shanghai (53 letters) 18Decl936 12Ju11935- From Shanghai (93 letters) 25Decl936 5 Ju11935- To Pinchin, Johnson & Co (46 letters) 27Novl936 8Jull935- From Pinchin, Johnson & Co (54 letters) 30Novl936 1/3 1937 General co"espondence 174 Volume of letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai and Pinchin, Johnson & Co concern ing the management of the firm and especially the merger with Wilkinson, Heywood and Clark BJan- To Shanghai (27 letters) 24 Dec 1 Jan- From Shanghai (131 letters) 24 Dec Includes minutes of Advisory Committee Meetings held in Shanghai 6 Jan- To Pinchin, Johnson & Co (29 letters) 23 Dec 7 Jan- From Pinchin, Johnson & Co (44 letters) 22 Dec 151 JSSIX 1

1/4 1938 General Co"espondence Box No. Jan-Jun 175 Letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai and Pinchin, Johnson and Co on routine management and the merger with WH&C 7 Jan- To Shanghai (25 letters) 24 Jun- 19 Nov- From Shanghai (91 letters) 24 Jun 3 Jan- To Pinchin, Johnson & Co (34 letters) 23 Jun 6 Jan- From Pinchin, Johnson & Co (26 letters) 22 Jun

1/5 1938 General Co"espondence Jul-Dec 176 Letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai and Pinchin, Johnson & Co concerning routine management, the merger and technical matters 1 Jul- To Shanghai (29 letters) 23 Dec 1 Jul- From Shanghai (65 letters) 23 Dec 8 Jul- To Pinchin, Johnson & Co (20 letters) 19 Dec 7 Jul- From Pinchin, Johnson & Co (20 letters) 16 Dec 1 Jul- Sundry 11 Feb Letters to other firms from JS&S or B&S re 1939 OPCo, mainly technical matters or contracts 28Apr1938- Weekly Minutes 5Jan1939 Minutes of weekly meetings in Shanghai to lay down instructions for running the Com pany Nos 1-25

1/6 1939 General Co"espondence 177 Letters between JS&S and B&S concerning management, staff, sales, and technical For additional letters see also JSSII 3/3 & 2; 3/6 & 7 6Jan- To Shanghai (46 letters) 29 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (71 letters) 29 Dec 12 Jan- Weekly Meetings 7 Dec Minutes of weekly meetings held in Shanghai Nos 26-45

152 JSSIX 1

13 Jan- Staff Outward (26 letters) 29 Dec JS&S to B&S re appointments, pay 6 Jan- Staff Inward (34 letters) 22 Dec B&S to JS&S

1/7 1940-47 General Co"espondence Box No. CLOSED 364 1981 2 volumes of letters covering the management up to the Japanese takeover of the Company and then after October 1945 on the state of the firm and plant when it was retaken from the enemy and the restoration of the firm to JS&S For 1940-41 additional material can be found in JSSII 3/1; 3/3-5; 3/8-12 The correspondence for 194 7 covers the re opening of the Company, plans for a plant in Hong Kong, advertising etc 1940-46 16Aug1940- To Shanghai (73 letters) 20Dec1946 1-16 up to 10 Oct 1941 17-73 1945-46 12Jul1940- From Shanghai (133 letters) 28Dec1946 1-36 to Nov 1941 37-133 1945-46 26Sep 1934- Weekly Meetings 3Dec1946 Resumees of Management and Advisers' Com mittee Meetings 26 Sep 1934-27 Jan 1938 Resumees of Meetings 1-45 (see also JSSIX 1/5 & 6) and Meetings Nos 47-61 22 Feb 1940 18 Mar 1941 Full minutes of Meetings Nos 61-64 18 Mar -10 Oct 1941 New Series of Meetings Nos 1-46 23 Oct 1945- 3 Dec 1946 14Mar 1941- To Shanghai-Staff (39 letters) 20Dec1946 1-6uptoDec1941 7-39 1945-46 7Febl941- From Shanghai (58 letters) 27Dec1946 1-16 up to Nov 1941 17-581945-46 1947 3 Jan- To China (68 letters) 26 Dec 16 Jan- From Hong Kong (36 letters) 19 Dec 3 Jan- From Shanghai (86 letters) 26 Dec

153 JSSIX 1

1/6 1939 General Co"espondence 177 Letters between JS&S and B&S concerning management, staff, sales, and technical For additional letters see also JSSII 3/3 & 2; 3/6 & 7 6 Jan- To Shanghai (46 letters) 29 Dec 6 Jan- From Shanghai (71 letters) 29 Dec 12 Jan- Weekly Meetings 7 Dec Minutes of weekly meetings held in Shanghai Nos 26-45

152 JSSIX 1

13Jan- Staff Outward (26 letters) 29 Dec JS&S to B&S re appointments, pay 6 Jan- Staff Inward (34 letters) 22 Dec B&S to JS&S

1/7 1940-47 General Correspondence Box No. CLOSED 364 1981 2 volumes of letters covering the management up to the Japanese takeover of the Company and then after October 1945 on the state of the firm and plant when it was retaken from the enemy and the restoration of the firm to JS&S For 1940-41 additional material can be found in JSSII 3/1; 3/3-5; 3/8-12 The correspondence for 194 7 covers the re opening of the Company, plans for a plant in Hong Kong, advertising etc 1940-46 16Aug1940- To Shanghai (73 letters) 20Decl946 1-16 up to 10 Oct 1941 17-73 1945-46 12Jull940- From Shanghai (133 letters) 28Decl946 1-36 to Nov 1941 37-133 1945-46 26Sepl934- Weekly Meetings 3Decl946 Resumees of Management and Advisers' Com mittee Meetings 26 Sep 1934-27 Jan 1938 Resumees of Meetings 1-45 (see also JSSIX 1/5 & 6) and Meetings Nos 47-61 22 Feb 1940 18 Mar 1941 Full minutes of Meetings Nos 61-64 18 Mar -10 Oct 1941 New Series of Meetings Nos 1-46 23 Oct 1945- 3 Dec 1946 14 Mar 1941- To Shanghai-Staff (39 letters) 20Decl946 1-6 up to Dec 1941 7-39 1945-46 7Febl941- From Shanghai (58 letters) 27Decl946 1-16 up to Nov 1941 17-58 1945-46 1947 3 Jan- To China (68 letters) 26 Dec 16 Jan- From Hong Kong (36 letters) 19 Dec 3 Jan- From Shanghai (86 letters) 26 Dec

153 JSSIX 2

13 Jan- Interportals 20 Jun Letters between Shanghai and Hong Kong Weekly Meetings Minutes of meeting on 2 Jan 1947 10 Jan- To China-Staff (28 letters) 5 Dec 3 Jan- From China-Staff (44 letters) 19 Dec

1934-1949 Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Co Legal Papers

This section contains the agreements and other legal documents con cerned with the establishment of the Company by JS&S and Pinchin, Johnson and Co and the functioning of the firm with JS&S as General Agents and PJ&Co as Expert Advisers

2/1 1934 Agreements on the fonnation of OPCo Box No. 2016F 11 Jui Original Gentlemens' Agreement between JS&S and PJ&Co on the formation and organisation of the Company 23 Aug Expert Advice Agreement between JS&S and PJ&Co laying out the terms etc. Unsigned draft of General Agents Agreement. Uncom pleted draft of Managing Director's Agreement

2/2 1934-1948 General Agents Agreements 2016F CLOSED 1983 23Aug1934 Copy of General Agents Agreement, appointing JS&S as Agents 25Jul1940- Amended versions of General Agents Agree- 12Jun1948 ments 2/3 24Sep1936 Minutes of a meeting of JS&S and PJ&Co 2016F on OPCo business 2/4 1937-1938 Wilkinson, Heywood and Clark Amalgamation 2016F 24Sepl937 Memorandum re amalgamation of OPCo with WH&C subject to political considerations aris ing from the Japanese invasion of August 1937

154 JSSIX 2

12Aprl938 Copy of agreement of JS&S and PJ&Co (Prop rietors of WH&C) for OPCo to take over WH&C business in the East

2/5 1938-1947 Red Hand Agreements Box No. CLOSED 2016F 1982 15Jull938 Copy of Agreement between Red Hand Compo- sitions Co (proprietors PJ&Co) and OPCo appointing OPCo as sole agents for the sale of Red Hand products in the East, excepting Manchukuo 21 Nov 194 7 Letter from J K Swire to C C Roberts, Hong Kong, concerning the amendments to the Red Hand Agency Agreement based on an attached memo by H W Maxted 2/6 23Janl939-Copies of correspondence between PJ&Co 2016F CLOSED 29Marl946 JS&S and B&S concerning the General Man- 1981 agers' and Technical Advisers' fees 2/7 1 Jui 1939 Agreement between The Torbay Paint Co 2016F and OPCo appointing OPCo their agents in the East - China and Hong Kong 2/8 31Janl949 Letter from PJ&Co amending the Expert Ad- 2016F CLOSED visers' Agreement with JS&S approval (see 1984 JSSIX 2/1)

2/9 Jui-Aug Duro Holdings Agreements 2016F CLOSED 1949 1984 19Jull949 Copy of Technical Advice Agreement between OPCo and Duro Holdings appointing OPCo as technical advisers to Duro 5 Aug 1949 Copy of Gentlemens' Agreement between OPCo and Duro Holdings 2/10 1949 Photocopies of Chinese Certificates of registra- 2016F CLOSED tion of OPCo as an Importer and Exporter, 1984 dated 11 and 17 August 1949 (in Chinese with no translation)

Orient Paint, Colour and Varnish Co Staff

General information concerning the staffing of the Factory, employment conditions and problems and details of individual members of staff can be found in the Main Correspondence series JSSIX 1. Additional material

155 JSSIX 3 is also contained in the general JSSI section particularly JSSI 5/6 where staff agreements were filed. The only OPCo staff volume to remain is unfortunately empty.

3/1 Staff Book Box No. A4 Empty bound loose leaf register, the same type as that of JSSV 5/1 and JSSVI 4/1 which would have contained sheets of per sonal details of serving staff

156 SWIRE AND MACLAINE LIMITED The firm of Swire and Maclaine was registered in Hong Kong in July 1946 as a trading company with 200 £1000 shares. The Directors were C C Roberts and F D Hunter of Butterfield and Swire and G A Pentreath of Pentreath & Co Hong Kong. The Head Office was in Hong Kong and bus iness in Shanghai was conducted by A Dean of B&S there. Only three files of correspondence sent in to John Swire and Sons Ltd in London are contained in the archive and these are for the first full year of the firm's operations, 194 7.

1947 Swire and Maclaine Correspondence

Correspondence with JS&S or sent into London for their information re lating to the activities of Swire and Maclaine in 194 7.

1/1 General Co"espondence. Box No. CLOSED 505 1982 Letters between JS&S and B&S Shanghai and Hong Kong, and Roberts, the Managing Director of Swire and Maclaine in Hong Kong discussing trade conditions and prospects

3 Jan- To China (125 Letters) 19 Dec 3 Jan- From China (139 Letters) 31 Dec

1/2 1947 A-Z Letters 507 CLOSED 1982 Correspondence of JS&S with wide range of firms and organisations in Britain and abroad concerning S&M business and the state of markets and trade in the Far East. Arranged by alphabetical order of correspon dent JSSX 1

1/3 1947 Interporta/s Box No. CLOSED 506 1982 4 Jan- Letters between Roberts, Managing Director 22 Dec Hong Kong, and Price and Dean, B&S Shanghai and Hong Kong discussing possible new develop ments and general business in the East

7 Jan- Minutes 30 Dec Minutes of Director's Weekly Meetings held in Hong Kong 21 Mar- Hong Kong Departmental Diary 31 Dec Weekly arranged diary entries giving a very detailed record of transactions and activities of S&M and Far Eastern trade and market con ditions 15 Jul- Shanghai Departmental Diary 11 Oct Similar diary to that kept in Hong Kong but dealing with the Shanghai side of trade

158 JSSXI 1

OTHER ORGANISATIONS

This section contains series of papers relating to other non-JS&S com panies and organisations with which JS&S and its firms had close relations. Separate files or correspondence series were created for some of these but they do not contain the only references to these organisations within the Swire archive as much additional material is located within either the JSSI series for the Nineteenth century or in those of JS&S firms during the Twentieth century.

1875-1947 Alfred Holt & Co

Apart from the correspondence files listed below extensive material with and concerning Holt's and their association with Swire's can be found throughout the archive. JSSI 1 and 4 contain letters between JS&S and Holt's and their director's throughout the Nineteenth Century discussing business arrangements and trade and conditions in China affecting all their particular interests. In addition JSSII 2; JSSIII 3 and JSSVII 1/6 all con cern Holt's business relations with Swire's.

1/1 Mar 1875- Flimsy copies of JS&S letters to Alfred and Box No Jun 1882 Philip Holt and their replies, covering OSSCo 1173 business and Conference affairs 1/2 1878- Small collection of letters from A Holt to JS&S 1173 1902 re business

1/3 1900-14 Ocean Steamship Co 1171A Letters and extracts of letters bound in one volume, mainly letters from B&S in the Far East to Holt's re OSSCo affairs and the China Mutual Navigation Co 1/4 1908- Letters from Holt to JS&S re OSSCo affairs 1173 1916 and Pool Agreements JSSXI 1

1/5 1922-24 Alfred Holt & Co Letters Box No 56 Correspondence between JS&S, some from J K Swire, and Holt's, including Leonard Cripps and J Hobhouse, concerning mutual business - coal contracts, the Chinese seamen's strike etc and also about labour difficulties in Britain and the London Shipowners Dock Labour Committee 22 Jan JS&S to Holt's Liverpool (182 Letters) 1922- 30 Dec 1924 21 Dec Holt's to JS&S (174 Letters) 1921- 29 Dec 1924

1/7 1925-29 Alfred Holt & Co Letters 57 Letters between JS&S and Holt's on general business affairs and between the directors of the two companies - J K and G W Swire and J Hobhouse, R D Holt, Leonard Cripps-con cerning Far Eastern trade especially the Boy cott and strikes 2 Feb To Holt's (212 Letters) 1925- 19 Dec 1929 1 Jan From Holt's (202 Letters) 1925- 6 Dec 1929

1/7 1930-1932 Alfred Holt & Co Letters 58 Correspondence between the two firms and their directors on mutual business, political problems and the London General Shipowners Society 3 Jan To Holt's (242 Letters) 1930- 30 Dec 1932 2 Jan From Holt's (239 Letters) 1930- 31 Dec 1932 160 JSSXI 1

1/8 1933-1935 Alfred Holt & Co Letters Box No. 59 Correspondence between the two firms and their directors on general business and Far Eastern and London shipping politics. Partic ularly interesting being letter No 20a from Cripps, Liverpool outlining his business and management philosophy. Also new system of correspondence directly between Halt's and B&S in the East on the market in China and issues of common interest 2 Jan To Liverpool (197 Letters) 1933- 23 Dec 1935 3 Jan From Liverpool (219 Letters) 1933- 28 Dec 1935 11 Jan Liverpool to China & Japan (7 Letters) 1933- 23 Aug 1934 10 Feb China & Japan to Liverpool (13 Letters) 1933- 15 Feb 1935

1/9 1941-47 Alfred Holt & Co 523 CLOSED 1982 Correspondence between the two firms and their directors - J K Swire & G W Swire to Lawrence & R Holt; Sir John Nicholson and J Hobhouse - concerning business, war and post-war trade policies and shipping politics 6 Feb To Liverpool (321 Letters) 1941- 30 Dec 1947 15 Feb From Liverpool (291 Letters) 1941- 31 Dec 1947

161 JSSXI 2 1891-1945 Steamship Companies Papers and Annual Reports.

Material within John Swire and Sons papers concerning various steamship companies with whom they had dealings, including those owned by Halt's.

2/1 1891-1907 lndo-China Steam Navigation Company Box No. 1173 Correspondence with and about the company received in the London office

2/2 1887-1940 China Mutual Steam Navigation Co A14 Reports of the Directors submitted at Annual Ordinary General Meetings of the shareholders, giving the accounts for the previous year 1887- 1939. (Missing years: 1901; 1905; 1907; 1909; 1915; 1917; 1920; 1924; 1932; 1936; 1938; 1939) Note from 1882-1891 the Company was called the China Shippers Mutual Steam Navigation Company

2/3 1912-1941 Ocean Steamship Co A14 Reports of the Managers submitted to the Annual Ordinary General Meeting of Stock holders for years 1912-1940 (excepting 1923; 1915; 1914)

2/4 1938-1940 Elder Dempster A14 Reports of Directors for Elder Dempster Lines Ltd and Elder Dempster Holdings Ltd for years 1939;1938;1937

2/5 1942-45 Straits Steamship Co 353 CLOSED 1980 Correspondence between JS&S and B&S and Singapore Straits Steamship Co based during the war in Taunton, Devon arising from B&S agency for the Co in Bombay 24 Feb- Letters between SSCo and JS&S re agency 14 Nov business including the transfer of the agency to 1945 Graham's in November 1945 5 Jan- Straits Steamship to B&S India 28 Sep Copies of letters sent weekly to B&S with 1945 instructions for the agency

162 JSSXI 3

4 Jan- B&S to Straits Steamship 19 Nov Letters to SSCo re the management for the 1945 agency especially concerning personnel Jun-Aug Copies of rates of pay, bonus payments etc and 1942 a list of SSCo Agencies

1942-1945 National Dock Labour Corporation

The National Dock Labour Corporation was created in 1941 by the Dock Labour Order to undertake the organisation of dock labour during the war to ensure the rational use of manpower in the national interest and the decasualisation of dock labour. The NDLC operated through Local Boards eg the Port of London Dock and Labour Board and functioned through various sub-committees on which both employers and labour were rep resented. J K Swire was heavily involved in these Committees and was Chairman of some. A series of 3 files of correspondence was created to cover the letters arising from his work on them.

3/1 1942-45 National Dock Labour Corporation Box No. CLOSED AS 1 file divided into various subject sections: 1980 Papers and letters concerned with the organis ation, working and responsibilities of the NDLC including Jui 1944- Tables for absenteeism - quarterly and weekly Mar 1945 Mar-Jun Weekly returns of men refusing work or un 1945 accounted for in London 1943-44 Dock labour work hours and staff discipline letters and memos of the Port Labour Execu tive Committee re labour working in London Docks 1942-43 Shift work; Port Labour Executive Committee on the turn round of ships and the introduction of shift work into the Docks 1942-43 Speedy Tum Round of Ships: related to the previous section discussing ways of increasing labour efficiency and including replies to a circular letter sent to all ports in Britain on the subject. Covers the whole question of deploy ment and care of personnel 163 JSSXI 4 Box No. 3/2 1944-45 National Dock Labour Corporation 1 file con- A6 CLOSED taining sections on:- 1980 1944-45 Western Front Agreement Ocean Shipowners Agency Joint Committee notes on the Western Front Agreement (this was an agreement to ensure the speedy turn round of ships supplying the Normandy Land ings and Allied Forces on the Western Front) Agency Committee (Chairman J K Swire) Lists members of all Agency sub-Committees Correspondence concerning the Joint Committee, the Agency Employment Com mittee. Includes detailed tables of Pre-loading and sus tained loading formulas Minutes Minutes of meetings of various sub-committees: 1944-45 Ocean Shipowners Group (Agency Joint Com mittee Jui 1944 Agency Employers Committee May 1944- Agency Labour Committee (Chairman J K May 1945 Swire) Oater called the Western Front Labour Comm) 10 May- Agency Labour Committee - incomplete series 29 Dec of minutes of daily meetings 1944 3/3 1943- National Dock Labour Corporation CLOSED 1945 File of correspondence with various individuals A7 1980 and organisations arising from the NDLC and J K Swire's chairmanship of various committees. Arranged under correspondent in alphabetical order

1941-1946 London General Shipowners Society

Correspondence from JS&S involvement with the Society and related to the material in JSSXI 3.

4/1 1941-46 Minutes 360 CLOSED 1981 Minutes of meetings, circulars and notices with copies of the Annual Reports of the Society 164 JSSXI 5

Correspondence between Swire's and other parties involved in Society affairs, mainly D T Garrett, Secretary of the Society and the Port of London Authority

1943-1946 China Trade Association

Material relating to JS&S association with the China Trade Association can also be found in JSSI 3/8 and in the file listed below which includes a little material relating to other China Trade groups. J K Swire was part icularly involved in the Association and was in fact its Chairman from 1951 to 1955. Box No. 5/1 1943-46 File containing material, mainly minutes of 354 CLOSED meetings, concerned with the development of 1981 trade to China for the post-war period 21 Nov China Association - Trade Section Minutes 1944- of meetings, circulars and a 9pp Historical 7 Dec Summary 1945 20 Jan British Federation of Commodity and Allied 1944- Trade Associations 21 Nov Minutes of Council Meetings; Quarterly and 1946 Annual Reports 18 May. China Association - Correspondence Letters 1943- and memoranda concerning the establishment 14 Jui of the Trade Section and sub-committees 1944 including two dealing with imports to and exports from China in the post-war period

Import Groups: 10 May- Post-War Trade Committee Engineering Group 24 Jun Minutes of meetings including extensive notes 1943 of the 10 May meeting of representatives of fams interested in Engineering Imports Trade into China (A Group) 11 May Textile Trade Section (B Group) Minutes of 1943- meetings 18 Jui 1944

165 JSSXI 7

13 May- Chemical Group (C) 27 May Minutes of meetings 1943 14-25 May Sundry Industries (D Group) 1943 27 Jui Export Group 1943- Reports of the meetings of the Export Group, 1 Jun some meetings devoted to general trade, some 1944 to different trades and industries

1944-1947 Ministry of War Transport

Other material with this Ministry as with other Government Departments can be found in various wartime files of different JS&S finns record series

6/1 1944-47 Ministry of War Transport Box No. CLOSED 536 1982 Copies of JS&S letters to and from the Ministry - post 1945 the Ministry of Transport This covers a wide range of subjects - arranged in alphabetical order under topic or person concerned - includes personnel being released from war service, ships derequisitioned, new ships under construction for Swire's and Swire's post-war shipping policy particularly the development of an Australian line

1940-1966 Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company Ltd

Papers concerning the Company, further material covering its relationship to TD&ECo can be found in JSSVI 5/9-13.

7/1 1940-66 Annual Reports. A40 CLOSED Copies of the Annual Reports for 1940-41; 2001 and 1946-66 with rough notes and figures comparing the company's progress to TD& ECo

166 JSSXII 1

MISCELLANEOUS

Section of miscellaneous materials of mainly ephemeral interest and which do not fit into any of the main series in the archive.

1873-1963 Assorted Papers Box No. A32 1/1 25Sepl873 Memorandum from Alfred Holt to John S Swire using the expression 'O K' 1/2 1925-1939 File on Piracy consisting of photocopies of A32 various correspondence from the Shanghai and Hong Kong China Navigation Company files (JSSIII 1 and 2). Letters and reports on certain incidents involving CNCo vessels has been extracted and copied at some point and filed together, with an index of the vessel concerned and the date 1/3 1933-38 File on the Teaboy Dispute consisting of A32 photocopies of China Navigation Company Correspondence (JSSIII 1 and 2) concerning JS&S attempts to abolish the teaboy system on CNCo steamers and replace them with stewards including notes by F R Lamb on agitation by the Canton Seamens' Union 1/4 29Aprl939 Copy of an address of welcome, in English and A32 Chinese, given at a dinner in honour of J K Swire in Shanghai by the Cantonese Tientsin and Swatow Hongs which marked their final reconciliation with him after a dispute which began over the Teaboy Boycott in 1932 1/5 1941 Telegrams to London from Hong Kong and A32 Shanghai during December 1941 1-20 From Hong Kong - covers siege 1-19 To Hong Kong 3-24 From Shanghai 3 & 11 To Shanghai 1/6 1945-46 The one remaining scrap of paper left by the A32 Japanese in the Hong Kong Office, brought home by CC Roberts 10 Oct 1945 - dated 6 Sep 1907 it is the second page of a letter re Shanghai CNCo JSSXII 3 Also envelope addressed to Mssrs Yuill, Austra- Box No. lia reposted in 1946 after being held by the Japanese marked 'Detained in Hong Kong' Dec 1941-Sep 1945 1/7 5 Mar 1951 Translation prepared by the British Chamber of Commerce, Shanghai of The Labour Insur- A32 ance Regulations of the Peoples' Republic of China, passed on 23 February 1951 1/8 ND Typescript of the book The Senior: John Sam- A36 uel Swire 1825-1898 by S Marriner and FE Hyde 1/9 1963-66 Notes and correspondence by A Dean to A35 Marriner and Hyde on Swire's and the archive to assist with their book 1/10 1968 Correspondence with Commander C Drage A35 re illustrations for his book on B&S 'Taikoo'

1880-1908 Photographs 2/1 1880 Photograph of B&S Godowns on the French A37 Concession, Shanghai, The ship in the fore ground is believed to be the CNCo steamer HANKOW, built 1874 and destroyed by fire in Hong Kong 1906 2/2 1895 Glass plate negatives and copies of photo- A37 graphs of Hong Kong and the Taikoo Sugar Refinery 2/3 1907-08 HoWs Wharf, Kowloon, Construction Photo- A15 graph Album

Artifact 3/1 John S Swire's signature stamp for the firm 'J Swire and Sons'

168 Index

This name and place index refers only to the Guide and is not an index to the archive itself. There is no entry for John Swire and Sons Ltd or for Butterfield and Swire as every section contains material relating to the parent firm and its main Eastern Company.

Amoy JSSII 1/3; 1/17. 2/1 (boycott). 6/2 & 4. JSSIII 2/2. JSSV 1/12. Anderson, Arthur JSSII 1/14. ANKING SS JSSIII 1/6 (piracy). 7/5. Asiatic Petroleum Co JSSI 3/10. 4/3. JSSII 8/7. JSSIII 8/8. Australia JSSI 1. 2. Bailey, W S & Co JSSVI 5/9-13. Baker, H JSSII 1/2. Bangkok JSSIII 1/3-18. 4/9-19. Batters, W JSSI 4/2. Bell, Harold JSSII 1/7. Bernard, D GM JSSI 3/10. Blue Funnel (see also JSSII 6/3; 6/6 (ledger balances). 8/12. Holt's and OSSCo) Boag, Davie & Co JSSV 6/4 Bois, JC JSSI 1/10. 2/18-21. Borneo Co JSSI 8/9. JSSIII 1/3-18. 4/9-19. Boxer Uprising JSSI 2/21. JSSII 1/1; 1/3; 1/10; 1/11; 1/15; 1/16. Brand J H JSSI 3/10. British India Steam JSSI 4/4. Navigation Co British Perlit Iron Co JSSVI 5/16. Brown, Gordon JSSII 1/10; 1/16. Brown, N S JSSII 7/3. Brown S G Ltd, Watford JSSVI 5/22. Burton, HF JSSII 1/3. Cadogan, Sir Alexander JSSI 3/10. Canton JSSI 2/1-10. JSSII 1/5. 2/2; 2/5. JSSIII 6/8-12; 6/19. Canton Seamens' Union JSSXII 1/3. Cathay Pacific Airways JSSI 8/13; 10. Chancellor, Lt Col Sir John JSSI 3/10. CHANGCHOW SS JSSII 8/3. JSSIV 3/10; 3/12. Chefoo JSSI 2/21. JSSII 1/14. JSSIII 6/12. JSSV 1/12. CHEFOO SS JSSII 8/5. JSSIV 1/1; 1/5; 2/1; 3/2-5; 3/7-8; 3/10 & 10. Chen K P JSSI 3/10. China Association JSSI 3/10. JSSXI 5. China Merchants Steam JSSI 1.2. 3/2; 3/9. Navigation Co JSSIII 8/3. China Mutual Steam JSSXI 1/3. 2/2. Navigation Co China Navigation Co JSSI 1. 2. 3/1-3; 3/7-9. 4/4. 5/6-8. 6. 7. 8/10. JSSII 1. 2. 3. 8/5; 8/6. JSSIII JSSIV 3/11; 3/12. JSSVI 5/14; 5/23. JSSXII 1/2; 1/3. Chinkiang JSSII 1/6. Chungking JSSII 1/12. 2/18; 19. 5/4-7. 6/7. JSSIII 2/20. 4/25. 5/3-5. 6/13. CHUNGKING SS JSSIV 3/10-11. Coast Boats Ownery JSSI 1. 2. 4/2. Cornabe& Co JSSII 1/14. Cripps, Leonard JSSXI 1/5, 1/6; 1/8. Croix, W de St JSSII 1/16. Cumming, Alex JSSII 1/3; 1/15. Curtis, Lionel JSSI 3/10. Czarnikow Ltd JSSV 1/3. 6/8. Dairen JSSII 2. 6/2-4 (Accounts Books) JSSV 1/12. D'Arch,OW JSSI 3/10. Dean A JSSX 1/3 JSSXII 1/9. Dipple R I JSSII 1/4. DoddsJ JSSI 4/3. Dowler HG. JSSI 2/22. JSSVI 5/1 & 2. Dawley Mrs F JSSII 1/18. Doxford, William & Co JSSVI 5/20. Duro Holdings JSSIX 2/9. Eckford AM JSSII 1/14.

170 EdkinsG T JSSI 2/11-14. JSSII 1/7; 1/15. Elder Dempster Line JSSXI 2/4. JSSI 2/10. FATSHANSS JSSIII 6/8-11. Fisher T J JSSI 3/10. FisherW JSSII 1/15. Foochow JSSII 1/2. FOOCHOWSS JSSI 4/2. JSSIV 1/2; 1/7. 2/2. 3/2-8; 3/10 & 11. Fraser, Consul General JSSI 4/3. Fraser JC JSSII 1/7; 1/9. Forsyth W JSSII 1/7. Gamwell FR JSSI 1/6. 2/2. 2/4. 3/1 & 2. JSSII 1/18. Garrick A B JSSII 1/10. Greaves J R JSSII 1/1; 1/5; 1/9; 1/14. GullE M JSSI 3/10. Hambro & Sons JSSI 4/8. Hamburg Amerika Line JSSI 4/3. HANGCHOWSS JSSII 8/5. Hankow JSSI 6/1; 6/9. JSSII 1/10; 4/3. 6/2 & 4. JSSIII 6/19. JSSV 1/12. Harbin JSSII 6/2 & 4. Harley WT JSSII 1/3. Hendry, Charles JSSI 3/10. HOANGHOSS JSSII 1/17. Hobhouse J JSSXI 1/5; 1/6; 1/9. HodgesF E JSSII 1/9. HOIHOWSS JSSIII 7/5. JSSIV 1/7; 3/7; 3/8; 3/10; 3/11. Holt's, Alfred & Co JSSI 1. 2.4/1-9. 8/11. JSSIII 3. 4/10. 6/7. 8/8. JSSVII 1/6. JSSXI 1. Holt's Wharf JSSI 1/15. JSSXII 2/3. Hong Kong JSSI 1. 2/1-14 JSSII 2. JSSIII 1. 4. 5. JSSV 1. JSSVI 2. JSSVIII 1. 2. 3. JSSX 1. JSSXII 1/5 & 6. Hong Kong University JSSI 1/14 & 15. 2/10 & 13. 3/4 & 10. 4/3.

171 Hong Kong and Shanghai JSSI 1. 2. 3/10. 4/5; 4/8 & 9. Bank Corp. JSSV 2/2. JSSVI 1/1. 5/3. Hong Kong and Whampoa JSSI 1/15. 2/10 & 11. Dock Co JSSVI 5/9-13. JSSXI 7. Howell, W JSSII 1/8. Hubbard,G E JSSI 3/10. lchang JSSII 1/10; 1/11. Imperial Airways Ltd JSSII 8/13. India JSSI 3/9. JSSII 2/18. 5/4-7. 6/8. JSSIII 1/20 & 21. 2/21. 4/25. 5/2-6. 6/15-18; 6/20. JSSV 1/3; 1/12. lndo-China Steam JSSXI 2/1. Navigation Co Japan JSSI 1. 2. 3/8-10. JSSII 2. 3. 5/7. 6. 8/7 & 8. JSSV 1 Jardine, Matheson & Co JSSI 1. 2. 3/2; 3/10. KEELUNG SS JSSIV 3/7;3/8;3/10;3/11. Kiukiang JSSI 2/22. JSSII 1/9. JSSV 1/12. Kort Propulsion Co Ltd JSSVI 5/17. Lambert Bros. JSSVI 5/24. LammertTW JSSII 1/1; 1/8; 1/9. Lancashire Aircraft Corp. JSSII 8/14. Lang, William JSSI 1. 2/1-2; 2/15-18. Lavers & Clark JSSII 1/13. Lavers P F JSSII 1/14. Law DC JSSI 2/9-13. 4/3; 4/4. JSSII 1/3. Lawson Hon. E F JSSI 3/10. London General Ship JSSXI 1/7. 4/1. Owners Society London Shipowners Dock JSSXI 1/5. Labour Committee Lorimer, Rome & Co JSSI 1. Lugard, Lord Frederick JSSI 2/13; 2/14. 3/10. 4/3. MacDonald, Malcolm JSSI 3/10. McGowan, Sir Harry JSSI 3/10. Mcisaac, J JSSII 1/9. Mackay, E F JSSI 2/10; 2/22-25. 4/3. JSSII 1/15. Mackintosh, Edwin JSSI 1/10; 1/14. 2/2-8. 3/4. 6/6. 8/8. Manchuria JSSI 3/10.

172 Mansfield & Co. JSSI 1. JSSIII 1/6-14. 5/2. Masson, Sir John JSSI 9/7. JSSVI 5/13. Maxted, H W JSSIX 2/5 Maze, Sir Frederick JSSI 3/10. Meade HE JSSII 1/7. Mitchell GE JSSI 7/32. JSSII 3/1. Moering AC JSSI 3/10. Moukden JSSII 6/2. NANCHANG SS JSSIII 2/14; 2/15. Nanking JSSII 1/7. 6/2; 6/4. National Dock Labour JSSXI 3. Corp. Nesbitt D JSSII 1/1; 1/16. Newchwang JSSII 1/16. JSSIII 6/12. JSSV 1/12. NEWCHWANG SS JSSIV 1/6. 2/3. 3/4-6; 3/10; 3/11. Ningpo JSSI 4/3. JSSII 1/1. JSSIII 6/12. JSSV 1/12. Norddeutscher Lloyd JSSI 4/3. Line Norman, Montagu JSSI 3/10. North Eastern Marine JSSVI 5/19. Engineering Co NunnW JSSI 3/10. Opium JSSII 1/12. Orient Paint, Colour JSSI 3/9. 5/6. 6. & Varnish Co JSSII 3/1-12. JSSIX Orr N S JSSII 1/3. Ocean Steamship Co. JSSI 1. 4. JSSII 2. 8/1. JSSXI 1/1-9. 2/3. Pacific Air Maintenance JSSVI 5/21. & Supply Co Ltd PAKOI SS JSSIV 2/4. 3/7. Parson's Marine Steam JSSVI 5/15. Turbine Co Pinchin, Johnson & Co JSSIX 1. 2/1; 2/3-6; 2/8. Red Hand Compositions Co JSSIX 2/5. Roberts CC JSSIX 2/5. JSSX 1/3 JSSXII 1/6. Rose, Archibald JSSI 3/8; 3/10.

173 Rose, Edward JSSII 1/3. Rose, George JSSII 1/8. Ross Thomson JSSII 1/15. ROSSLYN SS JSSII 8/6. Runciman, Walter JSSI 3/10. Russell & Co JSSI 1. 2. 3/2. JSSII 8/2; 8/5. Saunders JS JSSII 1/1. Scott, Colin C JSSI 2/14; 2/25. 3/5-7. 4. 10. Scott John H (The Senior) JSSI 1/9; 1/13-15. 2. 3/4. 4/3-6. Scott J H JSSI 9/9. Scott John S JSSI 3/9 & 10. Scotts Shipbuilding & JSSI 1. 4. Engineering Co JSSIII 3. JSSVI 5/14. Shanghai JSSI 1. 2/15-25. 3/10. 4/3. JSSII 1.2.3/1-12.4.5.6. JSSIII 2.4. 5. JSSV 1/12. JSSVII 1. JSSVII JSSIX JSSX JSSXI JSSXII 2/1 Shanghai Municipal JSSI 1/14 & 15. 2/22. 3/9 &10. Council JSSII 2/16. 3/1. SHANGHAI SS JSSIV 2/2 SharplesG W JSSII 1/1; 1/7; 1/16. SHUNTIEN SS JSSIII 7/5. Singapore JSSI 3/9. JSSII 2/11. JSSIII 1/6-14. JSSV 1/12. Smith, Arthur JSSII 1/1; 1/9. Smith, Herbert JSSI 2/6-9. Smith, W Morton JSSII 1/14. Smith, Stuart JSSII 1/4. Soong TV JSSI 3/9 & 10. Straits Steamship Co JSSI 8/9. JSSXI 2/5. Swatow JSSII 1/4. 6/2 & 4. 8/3-6. JSSIII 1/12-18. SWATOWSS JSSI 4/2. JSSIV 1/3; 1/7. 2/5. 3/2-8; 3/10 & 11. Swire, Adrian C JSSI 9/6 & 8. Swire, George Warren JSSI 2/24. 3/5; 3/6-10. 9/4. JSSII 3/1. Swire J (Jack) JSSI 2/14; 2/25. 3/4 & 5.

174 Swire, John Anthony JSSI 9/5 & 8. Swire J K (Jock) JSSI 3/9 & 10. JSSII 3/1. JSSXI 3. 5. Swire, John Samuel JSSI 1/1-13. 2/1-8; 15-20. 3/1-3. (The Senior) 4/1-3. 9/1 & 2. JSSXII 1/1; 1/8. Swire and Maclaine JSSI 5/6. 10/9. JSSX Taikoo Chinese JSSVIII Navigation Co. Taikoo Dockyard and JSSI 1/13-15. 2/9-14. 3/4; 3/7 & 8. Engineering Co. 5/7 & 8. 6. JSSIII 6/15. JSSVI JSSXI 7. Taikoo Sugar Refinery JSSI 1/5-15. 2/3-14. 3/2; 3/6 & 7 3/9. 5/6 & 8. 6. JSSII 3. JSSV JSSXII 2/2. TAIWAN SS JSSIV 3/12. Taku Tug and Lighter Co JSSI 2/4; 2/20 & 21. JSSII 1/15. TAMSUI SS JSSIV 1/4. 3/10 & 11. Tientsin JSSI 2/4; 2/17; 2/20 & 21. 3/9. 8/12. JSSII 1/15. 2/15. 3. 6/2 & 4. JSSV 1/12. JSSVII 1. Tientsin Lighter Co JSSI 1/14 & 15. 2/21 & 22. 6/11. 8/10. JSSII 1/15. JSSVII TlENTSIN SS JSSIV 1/5; 1/6. 2/6. 3/2-5; 3/7 & 8; 3/10 & 12. Torbay Paint Co JSSIX 2/7. Tsangtao JSSII 6/2 & 4. Turnbull FA JSSII 1/1. Union Bank JSSI 4/8 & 9. Urwick Orr and Partners JSSI 10. Weatherston J JSSII 1/6. Wei-Hai-Wei JSSII 1/13. WENCHOWSS JSSIV 2/7. 3/4-6; 3/10 & 11. WHAMPOA SS JSSIV 2/8. 3/10 & 12. Whyte, Sir Frederick JSSI 3/10. Wicks, Pembroke JSSI 3/10. Wilkinson, Heywood & Clark JSSIX 1/3-5. 2/4. Winterton, Earl of JSSI 3/10. WongP JSSI 1/10; 1/11.

175 WOOSUNG SS JSSIV 3/10 & 12. World War 1 JSSI 2/14 & 25. 3/5. 4/3; 4/7-9. JSSIII 6/7. World War II JSSII 2/17-20. 3/1. 5/4-7. JSSIII 1/20-21. 2/20 & 21. 4/25 & 26. 6/12-22. 7/5. JSSV 1/12. 3/1. JSSVI 2/2 & 3. JSSIX 1/7. JSSXI 1/9. 2/5. 3/1-3. 4. 5. 6. 7. JSSXII 1/5 & 6. Wright, Alex JSSI 2/19; 2/22 & 23. WUCHANG SS JSSIV 2/9. 3/10 & 11. JSSIII 6/10 & 11. Wuhu JSSII 1/8 Yangtze River JSSI 1/2-15. 2/15-24. 3/9. 4/1. JSSII 2. 3. JSSIII 2. Yokohama JSSI 1/13. 4/3. JSSII 2/2 & 3. 8/7 & 15. YuillG S JSSI 1/13. JSSIII 2/21.

176

£4.00 0 7286 0041 2