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Population Genetics and Distribution of the Oriental Weatherfish, Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus, in Chicago Area Waterways

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Population Genetics and Distribution of the Oriental Weatherfish, Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus, in Chicago Area Waterways Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 2017 Population Genetics and Distribution of the Oriental Weatherfish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, in Chicago Area Waterways John Belcik Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Belcik, John, "Population Genetics and Distribution of the Oriental Weatherfish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, in Chicago Area Waterways" (2017). Master's Theses. 3556. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3556 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2017 John Belcik LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO POPULATION GENETICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORIENTAL WEATHERFISH, MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS, IN CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGY BY JOHN THOMAS BELCIK CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MAY 2017 Copyright by John Thomas Belcik, 2017 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all those who made this thesis possible, starting with my advisor at Loyola University Chicago Dr. Terry Grande. Without her guidance, expertise, and willingness to take me into her lab I would not have been able to finish this work and gain the knowledge that I now have. I would also like to thank Dr. Martin Berg for suggesting that I examine this fish species and investigate something that I would otherwise not have known existed. Dr. Philip Willink of Chicago’s Shedd Aquarium provided me with past samples, innumerable suggestions about good locations for hunting fish, and for the occasional field trip. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee Dr. John Dettmers and Dr. Howard Laten for their help and suggestions on how to make this project what it is now. The help of Dr. Sushma Reddy is much appreciated, without her generously providing lab space this project would not have been possible. Thanks to Dr. Cal Borden for showing me the tricks I needed to complete the lab portion of this project and for putting up with my questions that seemed to be never ending. Kristin Norris deserves special thanks, for two years she was right there with me, sampling in all manner of habitats and conditions, I could not have asked for a better research partner and friend. I would also like to thank all those who came out sampling with Kristin and myself as an extra set of hands, my lab mates Cheryl Theile and Lindsay Sarpetta, and those whom have little scientific training, but came along anyway. David, Douglas, and Christopher, thanks for spending those summer days with me on the Chicago River, pulling traps, shocking fish, and for twenty plus years of friendship. I also need to thank the members of iii IL DNR, IN DNR, U.S. Army Corps, U.S. Fish and Wild Life Service, and the Forest Preserves of Cook and Will County that helped us gather the data and specimens needed to complete this project. To my amigos within and outside the Biology Department that provided me with the motivation, encouragement, and diversions required for completing this thesis project, I thank you. To my parents John and Judy and siblings Amber, Taylor, Haley, and Matthew, thank you for all the support and encouragement you’ve given me. Finally, I want to thank Samantha for keeping me on track. I could not have made it here without your constant support, encouragement, companionship, and toleration of my cornball jokes. Go Team Science. iv Remember kids, the only difference between screwing around and science, is writing it down. – Adam Savage TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 Invasive Species .........................................................................................................................1 Great Lakes Invasives ................................................................................................................2 Weatherfish ................................................................................................................................4 This Thesis .................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER II:CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR ORIENTAL WEATHERFISH (MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS) IN ILLINOIS AND INDIANA WATERWAYS ..................................................................................................10 Introduction .................................................................................................................................10 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................15 Specimen Acquisition ..............................................................................................................15 Study Area ...............................................................................................................................23 Gear Effectiveness ...................................................................................................................24 Results .........................................................................................................................................25 Range Expansion .....................................................................................................................25 Gear Efficacy ...........................................................................................................................32 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................38 Range Expansion .....................................................................................................................38 Movement Upstream of Dams .................................................................................................40 Lake Michigan Assessment .....................................................................................................45 Speculation on Failed Lake Michigan Colonization ................................................................51 Gear Efficacy ...........................................................................................................................53 Weatherfish Overall Assessments............................................................................................55 CHAPTER III:INTRODUCTION, DISPERSAL, AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE ORIENTAL WEATHERFISH (MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS) IN CHICAGO AREA WATERWAYS..............................................................................................................................57 Introduction .................................................................................................................................57 Methods.......................................................................................................................................63 Specimen Acquisition ..............................................................................................................63 DNA Extraction and Amplification .........................................................................................63 Population Analysis .................................................................................................................64 vi Results .........................................................................................................................................69 Networks ..................................................................................................................................75 Haplotype Locations ................................................................................................................82 Illinois/Indiana and Global Population Comparisons ..............................................................88 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................96 Chicagoland Weatherfish .........................................................................................................96 Global Weatherfish Comparisons ..........................................................................................100 CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS .........................................................104 Updated Range .......................................................................................................................106
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