植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 81: 81: 324-331 (2006)

New or Noteworthy Plant Collections from Myanmar (1) め，drob ηum japonicum ， Balanophora subcupularis ， Rhopalocnemis Rhopalocnemis phalloides and Sonerila laeta

Nobuyuki TANAKA¥ Siro KOBAYASHI¥ Tetsuo OHI-ToMA b and Jin MURATA b

aKochi aKochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden ，420ι6 ，Godaisan ，Kochi ， 781-8125 JAPAN; E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] r. jp bBotanical bBotanical Gardens ，Graduate School of Sciences ，the University of Tokyo ， 3-7-1 ，Hakusan ，Bunkyo-ku ，Tokyo ，112-000 1' JAPAN (Received (Received on May 13 ， 2006)

In In the course of floristic research of Kachin State ， northem Myanmar ，Hydrobryum japonicum japonicum Imamura (Podostemaceae) ，B α lanophora subcupularis Tam ， Rhopalocnemis phalloides phalloides Jungh. (Balanophoraceae) and Sonerila laeta Stapf (Melastomataceae) were collected. collected. These species are new to the flora of Myanmar. These materials may suggest that that the flora of uppermost regions of Myanmar is closely related to Sino-Japanese or Indo-Chinese Indo-Chinese floristic region rather than Indian one.

Key words: Balanophora ，Hydrobryum ，Myanmar ，Rhopalocnemis ，Sonerila.

In In the course of ongoing inventory work Myanmar (Burma) stretches from the for for the floristic analysis of Myanm 征 Southeastem Himalayas to the Andaman (Tanaka 2005) ，two expeditions to Hukaung Sea ，and encompasses great topographical Valley Valley Tiger Reserve ，Kachin State ， the and climatic extremes that have given rise to northemmost State of the country were c訂- a complexity of habitats and ecosystems. ried ried out in September and December 2005. During the expeditions Hydrobryum jα ponicum Imamura (Podostemaceae) ， Balanophora subcupularis Tam ， Rhopa- locnemis locnemis phalloides Jungh. (Balano- phoraceae) ， and Sonerila laeta Stapf (Melastomataceae) (Melastomataceae) were collected. All these species. species. are new to Myanmar. The impor- tance tance and characteristics of these collections are are noted below. The top set of the voucher specimens was retained in Tanaing Office ， Forest Forest Dep 但tment ， Ministry of Forestry ， Union of Myanma r. The duplicates are de- posited posited in the herbaria of Makino Botanical 110 120 日。 Garden (MBK) and the University of Tokyo (TI). (TI). Identification of the host of Fig. 1. Distribution of Hydrobryum }α!ponicum Balanophora subcupuralis was based on (emended from Kato 2006 ，fig 1). New locality in morphology and cpDNA sequence. Myanmar is indicated with open circle.

-32 4-ー December 2∞6 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 81 No. 6 325

Fig. Fig. 2. Hydrobryum japonicum. A. Rheophytic habitat in Shinbweyan. B. A large rock with H. japonicum (yellowish (yellowish colony in the central part). C. Plants enlarged . 326 326 植物研究雑誌第81 巻第6号 平成18 年12 月

Accordingly ，Myanmar constitutes a signifi- cant cant component of the In do-Myanmar Hotspot Hotspot in terms of both land 紅 ea and biodiversity biodiversity (van D 詰k et al. 2004). On the other other hand ，Kingdon-Ward (1916) pointed out out the existence of the Myanmar-China (Yunnan) (Yunnan) floristic region ，Ohba (1975) also supposed supposed this relationship based on his taxo- nomic study on Sedum of Myanm 紅. All All of the four species reported here have their their main distribution range east of

Myanmar. Accordingly they suggest that the 100 110 120 130 flora flora of the uppermost regions of Myanmar is is closely related to Sino-Japanese or lndo- Fig. 3. Distribution of Bα lanophora subcupuralis. Chinese Chinese elements rather than an lndian one. Sold circles are based on the herbarium speci- From this point of view the continuous series mens cited in Tam (1982). New locality in of of this study in this area will be important to Myanmar is indicated with open circle. reveal reveal the floristic relationship between Myanmar and its neighboring regions. cI ose to B. かngosa J. R. Fors t. & G. Fors t. Hydrobryum japonicum Imamura in subsp. かngos αdistributed in the coastal Bo t. Mag. Tokyo 42: 376 (1 928). 征 eas and on the islands in the Pacific region [Figs. [Figs. 1， 2] (Murata 1988) and distinguished only in the This This species was originally described from smaller size of the inflorescence (especially J apan but is mainly distributed in Thailand of the male flower) than B. かngosa. This is and and adjacent 紅 eas (Kato 2006). This is the the first record from Myanmar and is the first first record from Myanmar and is the westem limit of the distribution of this spe- westem limit of the distribution of this spe- cies (Fig. 2). This species is common in this cies cies (Fig. 1). area and usually grows on the ground. In ex- Voucher specimens: MY ANMA R. Kachin State; 佐eme cases ，however ， the rhizome attached Tawa Hka (River) ，3 miles from Shinbweyan toward to the aerial roots of Byttnel ・ia pilosa Roxb. Pansaung. Pansaung. 26 0 43'33"N ，96 0 11 '55"E ， al t. 200-210 m ， (Sterculiaceae) extends up to 3m high above on rock by stream ，6 December 2006 ，J. Murata & al. the ground and many inflorescences were 040671 ，041232 (MBK ，TI). covered covered by the thick climbing stem of the Balanophora subcupularis Tam in FL hos t. Fujianica Fujianica 1: 602 (1 982). [Figs. 2， 4] Voucher specimen: MY ANMA R. Kachin State; Tawa Hk a (River) ，3 miles from Shinbweyan toward This This species was described recently (Tam Pansaung ， 26 0 43'25"-33"N ， 96 0 11 '50"-55"E ， al t. 1982) 1982) in comparison to B. hainantensis 200-210 m ，6 December 2006 ，J. Murata & al. 040882 Masam. (=B. α bbreviata Blume). It appears (MBK ， TI); 8-9 miles from Shinbweyan toward to to be similar to B. αbbreviata ， which is also Pansaung ， near the border of Sagaing Division ， 0 0 distributed distributed in Myanmar ， but distinct from the 26 46'4 7"-47' 15"N ，96 12'26"-34"E ， al t. 900-1100 m ，7 December 2005 ，J. Murata & al. 040913 (MBK ， latter latter in the reddish color of the aerial p訂 t TI). TI). (white (white in B. abbreviata) and the number of locules locules in the synandrium (usually four vs. Rhopalocnemis phalloides Jungh. in 16-20 in B. αbbreviata). Actually ，it is very Nov. Nov. Ac t. Ac. Caes. Leop.-Cu r. 18 ，SuppL December December 2∞6 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 81 No. 6 327

Fig. Fig. 4. Balanophora subcupuralis. A ， B. Habit on the trunk of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) up to 3m high above the ground. C. Male f1 0wers enlarged ， showing tetra- or trimerous petals and anther locules. locules.

1: 1: 215 (1841). [Figs. 5， 6] study fill the northem p紅 t of the gap. This This species is thus far known widely Voucher specimen: MY ANMA R. Kachin State; 8- from Eastern Nepal to Southeast Asia as 9 miles from Shinbweyan toward Pansaung ， near the shown in Fig. 3. However ， there is a wide border of Sagaing Division ， 26 0 46'47" -47' 15"N ， 96 0 12'26"-34" E ， al t. 90 0- 1100 m ，7 December 2005 ， gap gap of distribution extending from Bomeo ， J. J. Murata & al. 040914 (MBK ，TI). north-westward north-westward to Malaysia ，Laos ， Thailand and Myanmar. The materials collected in this 328 植物研究雑誌第81 巻第6号 平成18 年12 月

leaves ， and (4) purple leaves with white

spots. spots. These four types 紅 e found within the same population (Fig. 7). Voucher specimens: MYANMA R. Kachin State: northeast northeast of Shinbweyan ， al t. 170-200 m ，26 0 41'51"- 0 43' 43' 12"N ，96 12'27" ー13'6"E ，9 December 2005 ， J. 恥1urata & al. 040937 (MBK ，TI)~ Mt. Jun Buu ，25 miles miles south of Tanaing ，26 0 01' 13"-17"N ，96 0 41 '27"- 33"E ，alt. 245-250 m. ，f1 00r of evergreen forest by stream ，3 December 2006 ， J. Murata & al. 040627 (MBK ，TI). Distribution: Distribution: China (Southem Yunnan Province) ，Myanm 訂.

Thanks Thanks are due to the following personnel in in Myanm 訂 for their 訂 rangement of our field field research: U Tun Nyo ，director of Nature and and Wildlife Conservation Division; U Aung 110 110 Din ，assistant director of N ature and Wildlife

Division; Division; U Soe Win Hlaing ，director gen 同 Fig. Fig. 5. Distribution of Rhopalocnemis phalloides (emended from Hansen 1976 ，fig. 6). New local- eral ，Forest Dep 紅 tment ，Union of Myanmar ity ity in Myanmar is indicated with open circle. Ministry of Fores 住y. Thanks are also due to Dr. Dr. Masahiro Kato of N ational Science Museum ， Tokyo ， for identification of Hydrobryum. Sonerila Sonerila laeta Stapf in Kew Bul l. 1906: This research is partly supported by a 73 73 (1 906); Guillanum in Bull. Soc. Bot. Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of France France 60: 404 (1913); Fl. Reip. Popu l. Sin. Education ，Culture ， Sports and Science and 53 (1): 261 (1 984). [Fig. 7] Technology to Jin Murata (1 7255004) and a Sonerila Sonerila is the only genus that has Grant-in-Aid from Kochi Prefectural trimerous trimerous flowers (except for the monotypic Govemmen t. Stussenia Stussenia C. Hansen and Lithobium Bongard) Bongard) in the Melastomataceae and con- References sists sists of about 10 0- 175 species in tropical Cellinese N. 1997. A New Sonerila (Melastomataceae) Asia Asia (Cellinese 1997). Sonerila laeta was from Central Kalimantan ， Borneo. Novon 7: 103- described described from cultivated materials germi- 105. nated nated from the seeds collected by E. H. Hansen B. 1976. Balanophoraceae. Fl ora Malesiana 7: 783-805. 783-805. Wilson Wilson in 1900 from China and details of its Kato M. 2006. Taxonomic studies of Podostemaceae original original locality in China is unknown (Stapf of Thailand. 2. Subfamily Tristichoideae and sub- 1906). 1906). Thus far this species has been known family Podostemoideae with ribbon-like roots. only only from Southem Yunnan Province ， Acta Phytotax. Geobo t. 57: 1-54. China. China. This is the first record of this species Kingdon-Ward F. 1916. On the Sino-Himalayan f1 ora. Trans. Trans. Bo t. Soc. Edinb. 27: 13-53. from from Myanma r. Murata Murata J. 1988. Mo 叩hology and distribution of Leaves Leaves of this species show remarkable Balanophora βmgosa J. R. et G. Fors t. (Balano- color color variation. Four types of leaves were phoraceae). J. Jpn. Bo t. 63: 201-210. observed observed in the field; (1) green leaves (2) Ohba H. 1975. On the genus Sedum in Burma. J. Jpn. green green leaves with white spots ， (3) purple Bot. 50: 353-36 1. December December 2006 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 81 No .6 329

Fig. Fig. 6. Rhopalocnemis phalloides (female individuals) .A ， B. Habi t. C. Transver se section of the surface of in f1 orescence ， showing minute female f1 0wers covered with caducous scales.

Stapf Stapf O. 1906. Decades Kewenses XL - XL I. Kew van Dijk P. P.， Tordoff A. W. ，Fe l1 0wes J. ，Lau M. and Bu l1. 1906 : 71-78 . Jinshuang M. 2004. Indo-Burma In: Mittermeier R. Tam P. C. 1982. Balanophor α subcupuralis. Fl ora A. ， Gil P. R.， Hoffmann M. ， Pilgrim J. ， Brooks T. ， Fujianica Fujianica 1: 602 [in Addenda (Diagnoses Mittermeier C. G. ，Lamoreaux J. and Fonseca G . Plantarum Plantarum Novarum)] A. B . da (eds よ Hotspots Revisited: Earth's Tanaka N. 2005. Plant Inventory Research: Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Contributions Contributions to the Flora of Myanma r. Acta Terrestrial Ecoregions. CEMEX. pp. 323-330 .Agr- Phytotax . Geobo t. 56: 21-26. upacion ，Sierra Madre. 330 植物研究雑誌第81 巻第6号 平成18 年 12 月

Fig. Fig. 7. Sonerila laeta showing characteristic colour variation in leaves; green with white spots (A) ， dark purple purple leaves without spots (B ，le 白) ， and green without spots (B ，right) . December 2006 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 81 No. 6 331

田中伸幸a ，小林史郎a ，大井・東馬哲雄b ，邑田

仁b .ミャンマー植物についての新知見 (1) 勾Idrob ηum japonicum ，Balanophora subcupularis ， は B. jungosa ssp. fungosa リュウキュウツチトリ Rhopalocnemis Rhopalocnemis phalloides とSonerila laeta モチに最も似ており，植物体の大きさ，特に雄花 日華区系の西端としての南ヒマラヤの植物多様 の大きさの違いで識別されるにすぎない.リュウ 性を解析する一連の研究で2005 年の雨季終盤から キュウツチトリモチが太平洋地域の沿岸や島に分 乾季初旬にかけてミャンマー北部のフーコン河谷 布するのに対し，本種は内陸に分布する点で対照 野生トラ保護区の植物相調査を行った結果，カワ 的である.現地では通常地表付近の根に寄生する ゴケソウ科の Hydrobryum japonicum ， ツチトリモ が，ーヶ所，つる性木本である Byttneria pilosa チ科の Balanophora subcupularis および Rhopa- (アオギリ科)の空中に出た根に寄生している場 locnemis locnemis phalloides ， ノボタン手トの Sonerila laeta 所があり，地上 3 メートルの高さまで幹が本種に が生育することが分かつた.それらについての知 被われていて壮観であった.ミャンマーの産地は 見を以下にまとめる.これら 4 種はいずれもミャ 本種の分布西限である. ンマ一新産であるが ミャンマーより東の地域に Rhopalocnemis phalloides は従来， Fig. 3 に示す 主な分布域を持っており ミャンマーと日華区系， ように東ネパールから東南アジアにかけて広く分 インドシナ区系との関係を解析する上で重要な資 布することが知られていたがボルネオ島，マレー 料と考えられる.こうした植物相の関連について シア，ラオス，タイ， ミャンマーと続く分布の空 は今後の継続的な調査で情報が蓄積されるにつれ 白地帯があった. ミャンマーの産地はこの空白地 て次第に明らかになっていくものと思われる. 帯の北部を埋めるものとして注目される. Hydrobryum japonicum カワゴロモは日本産の新 Sonerila laeta は中国から 1906 年に記載された 種として発表されたが，最近の研究でタイとその もので，現在までに中国植物誌で雲南省南部にの 周辺地域に主に分布することが明らかになってい み分布が指摘されていた.この調査により本種は る.ミャンマーの産地は本種の分布西限である. ミャンマー北部に分布することが明らかとなった. Balanophora Balanophora subcupularis は 1982 年に B. (a 高知県立牧野植物園，

αbbreviata と比較して新種記載されたが，実際に b東京大学大学院理学系研究科附属植物園)