33Rd Annual Meeting of the Wingfield Family Society to Be Held

possse nolle nobile Wynkefelde the Saxon held honour and fee, ere William the Norman came over the sea. Ancient Suffolk England Rhyme

WINTER 2019 ISSUE VOL XXXV NO 1

33rd Annual Meeting of the Wingfield Family Society to be held September 19-22, 2019 One of the highlights ering and social at the Augusta Marriott, of this year’s Annual Riverwalk, where members and guests will Meeting will be a full have an opportunity to meet one another day visit and guid- before Friday’s full day in Washington, Wil- ed tour of Washing- kes County, Georgia. We hope at this time ton, Wilkes County, to update members and guests in attendance Georgia on Friday, about past WFS activities during 2019 and 20th September 2019, provide some insights on future plans in where a branch of the 2020 and 2021. Wingfield family of Afterwards, we are tentatively planning Hanover, Virginia mi- for three separate groups to attend dinner at Peacewood, Washington, grated to in 1784. The one of the popular local restaurants so mem- Wilkes County, Georgia town of Washington bers and guests can enjoy some of the local has several historic cuisine. he Wingfield Family Society’s 2019 An- sites, which are on the National Register of For those interested during the Annual Tnual Meeting will be held in Augusta, Historic Places. Transportation will be pro- Meeting we are planning small group activ- Georgia. vided by motor coach from the Augusta ities during the day on Thursday, Saturday Augusta, Georgia’s second largest city, Marriott at the Convention Center, River- and Sunday to give members and guests an was established in 1736 and is named for walk to Washington. The highlight of the opportunity to visit one or more of the many Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1719- day will be a visit and tour of Peacewood, museums, galleries, and local attractions (for 1772), the bride of Frederick, Prince of Wales which will include a catered lunch on the example the Augusta Canal Discovery Cen- and the mother of the British monarch grounds of the property. ter, Augusta Museum of History, River Boat George III (1738-1820). Augusta Down- We are finalizing further itinerary de- Tours, Augusta Riverwalk, Morris Museum town District is a historic district, which was tails, but have already secured the main itin- of Art, and Historic Trolley Tour of Augus- listed on the National Register of Historic erary details, which are highlighted below: ta). Places in 2004. • Augusta Marriott at the Convention There will be plenty of other activities While the America Civil War raged Center, Riverwalk-hotel room rates to choose from if certain members and/or all across the South and Sherman marched $121 per night (limited availability of guests do not participate in one of the or- through Georgia, Augusta was relatively rooms on 18th and 22nd September) ganized activities by the WFS. While in Au- untouched by the violence. A major man- • Washington full day visit and guided gusta during the Annual Meeting, the Arts ufacturing center during the war, Augusta tour by motor coach, including cater in the Heart of Augusta Festival and Augusta provided the Confederacy with cotton, food, lunch and tour at Peacewood, Friday, Market at the River will be taking place. munitions and other necessary goods. Au- 20th September-$105 per person The 2019 Annual Meeting’s registration gusta became the centerpiece of the Con- • Banquet dinner at Augusta Marriott, forms, including further hotel reservation federate’s gunpowder production with the Saturday, 21st September-$55 per details, and further itinerary activities will construction of the Confederate Powder person be posted in the next month or two on the Works, the only permanent structure com- On Thursday evening, 19th September, WFS website at wingfieldfamilysociety.org/ missioned by the Confederate government. we are planning to hold a welcome gath- society/meetings. ™ page 2 wingfield family society wingfieldfamilysociety.org WFS Website and Genealogy Database

By Stephen Chanko, WFS VP The new WFS website and Wingfield genealogy database is now live and accessible to members. With the help of Cindy Kwi- tchoff, a freelance graphic and web designer and owner of CJK Creative, the WFS website and genealogy database has a new fresh look. We encourage members to visit the new WFS website and genealogy database at WingfieldFamilySociety.org and Wing- fieldFamily.org, respectively. As time passes more information will be posted, some accessible to the general public, while other information only available to New website WingfieldFamilySociety.org and genealogy database WingfieldFamily.org Members. To access “Member Only” information Some of the key information currently on the WFS website include: on the WFS website you will need to first log in. Your username and password to both  Society-various information, includes names of officers and directors, WFS store and sites were previously emailed to you (same gallery for both sites). If you did not receive or have  Membership-membership information and for Members Only access to current and misplaced, please contact Stephen Chanko past WFS newsletters, WFS Member Directory, Past Rosters, Wingfield Immigrants, at [email protected]. Wingfield genealogy database, Wingfield DNA project, and publications For those Members that have not pro-  Articles-various articles, some new and some previously published vided an email address to WFS, please con-  Meetings-announcements of future meetings and activities tact Stephen. You will still be able to access  Travel-information on Wingfield tours to England and Ireland the WFS website, but there will be some con-  Notables-information on notable Wingfields in history tent that you can only access by logging in.  Manors-manors, castles and homes with a Wingfield connection Access to the Wingfield genealogy data-  Churches-churches with a Wingfield connection base is only accessible by logging in and is  Branches-includes information on likely origins of the surnames: Wingfield, Wink- field, & Winfield and currently under construction, information about Branches of the restricted to Members. ™ Wingfield family, including the founder and other historical information Nomination of WFS Officers and Directors to be elected at Augusta Meeting The 3-year term of office for the present We would appreciate hearing from any Send your personal desire to serve or WFS Officers and four Directors will end at WFS member that would like to serve and/ nomination of another member to Barbara this year’s 2019 Annual Meeting in Augusta, or nominate another WFS member. Any Cortino, WFS Secretary at 1124 Van Bu- Georgia. nomination submitted must have the con- ren, Des Plaines, IL 60018 and/or atbcorti- Under WFS by-laws, the offices of sent of the propose nominee. [email protected]. ™ President (“Lord of the Manor of Wing- If elected it is expected the individual field”), Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, will be active participants in WFS projects and four Directors will be elected to serve a and meetings (at the Annual Meeting and/or three-year term from 2020-2022. when a conference callis scheduled during The four Directors whose term will end the year). It is at these meetings and/or con- in September include Barbara S. Wingfield, ference calls that the direction of the WFS is George A.R. Wingfield, Dr. John Via III reviewed, discussed, and approved. and Rosalyn Dowling. wingfieldfamilysociety.org page 3 2018 Wingfield Sculls: British Amateur Sculling Championship and Championship of the Thames

By Ian Wingfield, WFS International VP

On 25 October 2018, the title of ‘Cham- onship, first raced in 1927 pion of the Thames’ was competed for in the and reactivated under the 178th Wingfield Sculls and the 12th Wom- Wingfield’s banner in 2007. en’s Wingfield Sculls. Unfortunately in this The race is open to all scullers of the year’s Women’s race the United Kingdom of Great Britain and defending champion, Fran Northern Ireland, registered to race with Rawlins, withdrew on the British Rowing. day of the race due to ill- ABOVE: A Wingfield Sculls winner’s medal The course runs from Putney Bridge ness leaving two competitors; Ruth Siddorn (photos courtesy of Tim Koch) along the River Thames in a westerly direc- (Leander Club) and Meghann Jackson tion to Chiswick Bridge for 4 and one quar- (London Rowing Club). BELOW: Charles Cousins and Ruth Siddorn, ter miles in London, England. Meghann got away first, but by Mile Champions of the Thames The single sculls race was first held in Post Ruth pulled away and eventually won 1830 at the suggestion of Henry Colsell in a time of 22 minutes and 29 seconds. Wingfield (1805-1861) of Westminster, as Meghann finished with a time of 23 minutes part of a wager with some friends. Henry and 9 seconds. presented a pair of miniature silver sculls to In the Men’s race the 2017 Champion, the race winner on the basis that the race ‘to Richard Clark, resigned his title, leaving be held by the best’ as long as they agreed to the race open to four first-time competitors; race in single sculls on his birthday, 10th Au- Jamie Copus (Oxford Brookes), Sam Tuck gust, ‘for ever’. (Molesey), Charles Cousins (Griffin), and Unfortunately, due to the timings of the Ashley Cowley (Molesey). competitive racing season this has not been Charles pulled away strongly from the possible and the race now takes place in No- start and by Mile Post was up 11 seconds vember. Since then, the Wingfield Sculls has and eventually won in a time of 21 minutes been organized by a committee of former and 57 seconds. Jamie finished with a time of winners who also appoint an umpire from 22 minutes and 15 seconds, Sam 22 minutes their number. and 36 seconds, and Ashley 22 minutes and The Women’s Wingfields is a revival of 55 seconds. ™ the Women’s Amateur Rowing Champi-

2018 Graduate Scotty was accepted at several national law schools but chose and is now at- tending Duke Law School in Durham, Robert Scott (“Scotty”) Schenck, NC. son of WFS member Robin Carr Schenck and grandson of Robert E. and Wilsie Wingfield Carr, completed his Bachelor of Arts with honors from Northeastern University in Boston in May, 2018. He majored in Journalism with a minor in Computer Science, graduating magna cum laude (GPA 3.77), also receiving the James M. Ragsdale Award from the College of Arts, Media and De- sign at NEU. page 4 wingfield family society wingfieldfamilysociety.org Genetic DNA Testing and Genealogy Research By George Wingfield, WFS Director

ome Wingfield Family Society (WFS) mal DNA from both parents, all four grand- ders, have nucleotide base pairs as “rungs” Smembers have been trying out the DNA parents, all eight great-grandparents, etc. analogous to the long strings of binary digits testing services that have become wide- That is why such “family finder” results gen- in computer code. ly available online during the last ten or so erally include matches from all your lines. For an example, Chromosome 1 spans years with varying results. Companies such At this point we should pause and re- 249 million such molecular base pairs and, if as Ancestry DNA, 23andMe, Family Tree flect on the sheer complexity of the DNA it were possible to pull a single one of these DNA, and National Geographic DNA, of- which we are attempting to test and exactly out in a straight line it would be about six fer to test one’s DNA which can be mailed what it is we are trying to achieve. feet long. When one speaks of 23 chromo- to them as a saliva sample in a small plastic On average there are roughly 37 trillion some pairs in each cell that is because each container. cells in the human body—a simply huge has an exact replica of itself to make up the For less than $100 these days the test re- number that far exceeds the number of stars pair. This is a consequence of how DNA sults will give maps showing your ancestral in our galaxy (250 billion). In each of the cells molecules replicate themselves when cells, country or countries of origin and your eth- belonging to any particular individual there or chromosomes, divide. nic percentages. They also sup- There is no need to attempt to ply lists of the names of possible understand the complexity of cousins—maybe third, fourth how all human characteristics or fifth cousins—who have also are encoded in one’s DNA but submitted DNA samples and maybe a few examples will suf- whose DNA results are recorded fice. We receive about 50% of on the same databases. A close our genetic makeup from each DNA match such as father/son parent and that includes such would appear at the top of the things as: list.  Handedness, left or right This is certainly interesting  Earlobe attachment but it has limited use as regards  Genetic disorders to genealogical research. DNA  Red/Green colorblindness testing is a supplement to tradi-  Tendency to produce twins tional genealogy research, not a  Dimples replacement. Actual family trees,  Freckles or the revelation of exactly who one’s direct is contained a complete DNA blueprint for  Curly Hair ancestors were, is not going to be shown by that individual. This is what is called the hu-  Hairline Shape such DNA testing. What it can help con- man genome. Of course there are dominant genes and firm is if you are related to someone in the This genetic material comes in the form recessive genes which may determine which company’s DNA database, but will not tell of 23 pairs of chromosomes inside the nu- characteristics are inherited from one’s fa- you exactly how. This only confirms that the cleus of every single cell. These 46 chromo- ther and which from one’s mother. But let us each of you share a common ancestor some- somes in the nucleus of each human cell return to consideration of whether the var- where in your family tree. contain the long double-helix DNA mole- ious outfits that offer DNA testing can pro- Obviously no DNA from hundreds of cules in which every genetic characteristic is vide any worthwhile analysis when it comes years ago is available today. Genealogical encoded like some hugely detailed computer to ancestry or genealogical research. research must be done elsewhere using ge- program. Most genetic ancestry tests involve the nealogical databases. These can be found In the chromosomes of each tiny micro- analysis of small snippets of DNA passed online through outfits like ancestry.com—or scopic cell (averaging 25 microns in diame- down only through the mother or only maybe via the WFS geneaology database. ter) are packed these long DNA molecules through the father. These tests can identify Generally the DNA that is analysed containing all our genetic information. related individuals who share a common pa- is autosomal DNA from one of your chro- The 46 chromosomes in the nucleus of ternal or maternal ancestor, and even where mosomes located in the cell nucleus and ex- each cell are like the 46 chapters of a hugely in the world people with your genetic signa- cludes sex chromosomes. detailed book. Each chapter contains an un- ture live today. A common misconception Humans have 22 pairs of autosomal broken string of nucleotide base pairs, like about genetic ancestry testing is that it can DNA chromosomes and one pair of sex the letters of a word, many millions in length. reveal information about an individual’s an- chromosomes. You inherited your autoso- These long strings, looking like twisted lad- cestry. It cannot. wingfieldfamilysociety.org page 5

People assume these tests can tell you ed cM)—with my DNA your race or ethnicity and reveal exactly on their database. That where your ancestors lived or exactly what match is apparently av- social groups they identified with. The re- erage for a parent-child sults that we receive from DNA testing do, relationship and, reas- to some degree, give an indication of our or- suringly, leaves no doubt igins but they are severely limited by the size about his paternity. and variety of the DNA testing company’s cM is a unit for databases which they have built up. It cer- measuring genetic link- tainly does not seem these companies share age. It is defined as the their genetic testing DNA data and overall distance between chro- results are bound to be patchy to say the least. mosome positions (also One problem with this approach, sci- termed loci or markers) entists say, is that because such tests analyze for which the expected less than 1% of a person’s genome they will average number of in- miss most of a person’s relatives. One critic tervening chromosomal has said “If you were to take a mitochondrial crossovers in a single DNA test, you would learn something about generation is 0.01. your mother’s mother’s mother’s lineage. If As for the other ‘My Origins’ ethnic makeup map for George you go back 10 generations, that’s telling you possible cousin matches-with most match- Wingfield from FamilyTreeDNA something about only one out of more than es at levels of well under 100 cM-neither a thousand ancestors.” my son nor myself was familiar with any Finally, it should be said that some peo- of the names shown on our respective lists ple can receive unpleasant surprises from of matches. In addition, not a single one of DNA testing with which they had hoped to these names was a Wingfield.™ establish family tree relationships. If a father Which Genealogy DNA test to take? were to supply a DNA sample to, say, ances- Below is a listing and comparison of 4 autosomal DNA tests on the current market. Each try.com as well as his son or daughter doing one of the leading DNA companies will do a good job of providing you with reports and tools so, it would soon become apparent if he was that can help you understand your genealogy testing results. It is up to you to weigh the pros not actually the child’s biological father. and cons and decide which test best fits your needs. Just such a case occurred recently in the US with a woman who was horrified to find Family Tree MyHeritage that her father could not possibly have been DNA Ancestry DNA 23andMe (Family Finder) DNA her real father. After some investigation she found that her parents’ fertility clinic doctor, Sample Collection Type: Cheek Swab Cheek Swab Saliva Saliva a Mormon elder whose signature appeared Ancestral Makeup Report: Yes Yes Yes Yes on her birth certificate, also happened to have Cousin Matching: Yes Yes Yes Yes a DNA profile on the ancestry.com DNA da- Size of Database: 1 Million+ 1.4 Million+ 10 Million+ 5 Million+ tabase. That showed a very close match with Family Tree Integration: Yes, Limited Yes, Advanced Yes, Advanced No the unfortunate woman’s DNA and left no GEDCOM Upload: Yes Yes Yes No doubt that he was her actual biological fa- Chromosome Browser: Yes, Advanced Yes, Simple No No ther. She is now suing the fertility doctor and Other Advanced Tools: Yes No No No his former clinic in Idaho for $10,000,000 on Allows Raw DNA Download: Yes Yes Yes Yes the grounds of negligence, fraud and causing Accepted by GEDMatch: Yes Yes Yes Yes emotional distress. Apparently, there is no li- Ongoing Costs: No For Some Features For Some Features No ability on the part of ancestry.com DNA. Additional Tests Available: Yes, Y-DNA and No No Yes, Health When DNA testing companies receive mtDNA a DNA sample that closely matches another Average Time to Results: About 6-8 Weeks About 4 Weeks About 4-6 Weeks About 6-8 Weeks on their database, they will flag such a close Cost* $79 $79 $99 $99 relationship and indicate this in the supplied Website FamilyTreeDNA. MyHeritage.com Ancestry.com 23andMe.com lists of DNA Matches. My elder son who com sent a sample to Family Tree DNA last year * recommend purchasing during the holidays (christmas, mothers day or fathers day), as costs above will be lower was told there was a very close relationship -measuring 3,384 centimorgans (abbreviat- page 6 wingfield family society Wingfield DNA Project Y-Chromosome DNA

By Stephen Chanko, WFS VP

A DNA genetic test is too important you will want to start for family genealogy researchers to ignore. with a Y-67 test. While it does not supplant traditional gene- The Y-111 test will alogy research, it is a tool that opens the door be of the most benefit to information and helps you in your further for those looking to genealogy research. confirm Y chromo- The Wingfield Family Society (WFS) some matching at the began using this technology in 2000. With highest level between the help of some of our current and former two Wingfield males, but will cost the most. so that we expand the existing Wingfield male members with the surname Wing- Besides the cost, the differences between Y-DNA project and to assist in helping field, WFS was able to create a small DNA each test is that the DNA company analyzes members with their further genealogy re- database to help members in their further more markers (STRs) which allows for more search. genealogy research. Then and now WFS is refined results including matches. All Wingfield (males) are encouraged conducting a series of tests to determine new The current Wingfield Y-DNA database to have their own DNA analysis, especially if Wingfield surname genetic lines, to verify is secured and only accessible to current there is any question as to which Wingfield and match lines with members that do not members. Each contributed sample has a line they belong or if there is a need for veri- know their actual Wingfield line. special ID number tagged to it (no specif- fication. The current Wingfield DNA Project is ic name is tagged to what is shown). The The Wingfield DNA project page on the focused on Y-DNA. The Y-DNA is the sex source of these reports is/will be from prior, secured WFS website will display Y-Chro- chromosome “Y” that is passed from a father current and future DNA test results received mosome DNA (Y-DNA) STR results for to his sons only, women do not receive a Y from both member and non-member par- each Wingfield (male) that have taken the chromosome. Testing the Y chromosome al- ticipants. Y-DNA test and shared their results with lows for investigation into a male’s paternal The results of these Y-DNA tests are WFS. family line and can help identify surname numbered with a sequence of markers or The Wingfield DNA project results will branches, and living relatives whose Y chro- loci for easy comparison. If there is a match be displayed in a table on this restricted page mosome is similar. between two members, we would be happy for “Members Only” to access. This table is A marker is what is tested in basic to put you in contact with the other member currently being developed and will use the Y-DNA tests. These markers are also referred so that you can compare notes and identify classic format. The columns will display each to as STRs (Short Tandem Repeats), which who is your common ancestor. project member’s kit number, the paternal are a series of repeating nucleotides. Y-DNA We encourage all Wingfield DNA sur- tree branch (haplogroup) if known, and ac- tests look for matching markers (STRs) be- name test results be shared with the WFS tual STR marker results. tween two men, and if they Please contact Stephen match would indicate a ge- Chanko at info@wing- netic relationship. fieldfamily.org if you are As of today the most planning or have already common genealogy DNA taken a Y-DNA test and company that offers the if you would be willing Y-DNA test is Family- to share your test results TreeDNA.com. When se- with WFS. Once you have lecting which test to buy, received your Y-DNA test the Y-37 Marker test will results, please contact Ste- allow you to become fa- phen and he will explain miliar with Y-DNA results how to proceed in submit- and costs the lowest. How- ting your Y-DNA results ever, if you want to know with WFS. ™ more about your paternal line through matching, wingfield family society wingfieldfamilysociety.org page 7 Was this Jaques Wingfield’s Castle in Ireland? By George Wingfield I think that we may have found the WFS Director “Markingham Castle” which was appointed to Jaques (Jacques) Wingfield by the (3rd) Earl of Sussex, Lord Deputy of Ire- land, during the first few years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I who ascended the English throne in 1558. If this building, which was built as a castle in c.1400, is in fact Marking- ham Castle it is no longer called that and it is now a castle that is hiding in plain sight, neither ruined nor abandoned. Jaques Wingfield (1519–1587) was an Anglo-Irish soldier of the Tudor era. He was the uncle of Edward Maria Wingfield, First President of the Jamestown Colony in Vir- ginia, and largely raised Edward Maria after his father’s early death. From an old book (Scotland and Ireland the Pale or the civil parish (or village) of the He was Master of the Ordnance at Dub- and Lists of Treaties With All Countries, Vol- same name-Newcastle—which is one of lin Castle and in 1561 purchased the Con- ume III) which has now been scanned and eleven civil parishes in that barony. stableship of Dublin. It was an important digitized for posterity by Google we have the Apparently, there were six castles of position as regards jurisdiction within the following: sorts over the last 800 years in the vicinity of Pale, the area around Dublin controlled by this Newcastle. Only two sur- Ireland’s English government in the Late vive today and the motte and Middle Ages. This was during the 16th cen- bailey earthworks of another tury years of plantation of Ireland with En- old Norman castle is still vis- glish and Scottish Protestant settlers who ible there. Was Markingham were granted land by the English crown. one of the six castles and, if Jaques was also granted title to Mark- so, which? ingham Castle, the land that went with it, The word “castle” was and the ecclesiastical benefice of the old used in Ireland to describe church that had been built beside the castle. any fortified dwelling or tow- The Pale roughly corresponds to what er house that was built for was known as County Dublin and much of the purpose of defense. Basic its boundary consisted of a fortified ditch castles built throughout Ire- and rampart around parts of the medie- land after the Anglo-Norman val counties of Louth, Meath, Dublin and invasion (late 12th century) Kildare. usually consisted of plain Various old castles and forts (which were rectangular towers often with called castles) on or near the Pale’s perimeter battlements around the top. were garrisoned during the 16th century not One such 13th century Irish so much as to keep out the Irish and prevent castle was used as the core of incursions by their armed warlords as to So Jaques Wingfield was indeed granted title Powerscourt, Co Wicklow, where Richard form an obstacle in the way of their raids on to Markingham Castle though it is unlikely Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt, had it the cattle of settlers and suchlike property. he ever lived there! Regarding “Newcastle,” extensively remodeled during 1731–1741 to At this time many “castles” or forts were quite clearly this doesn’t refer to any “New- turn it into a modern country house. commissioned for just £10 (in the money of castle” in England (such as Newcastle-up- The principal castle in the barony of that era) on the old boundary of the Pale to on-Tyne or Newcastle-under-Lyme) and it Newcastle, Co. Dublin, is thought to have defend its western side. However, we cannot doesn’t refer to any Irish Newcastle far from been Newcastle Lyons Castle. Presumably be sure whether Markingham Castle was ac- Dublin such as Newcastle West in Co. Lim- this was the once new castle referred to in tually one of these. erick. It must be the barony of Newcastle in Continued on page 10 page 8 wingfield family society

cell of the Abbey of Bernay in Normandy By Jocelyn Wingfield, WFS Historian and the first house of Benedictine monks to be established in Suffolk after the Norman Conquest. He bestowed on the Priory “all churches in Dunwich”-all eight-and the rich town’s tithes [tenths]. The Priory pos- sessed the Gospel Book of St. Felix (but 200- 300 years ago this was lost). In 1110 Robert, was banished by Henry I (1100-35) for plotting against him; and Eye Castle passed to the Crown. In 1136 it was granted to Walter FitzRobert, another powerful Norman magnate, who married Maud, CASTLE CONNECTIONS daughter of Simon de St. Liz (or ‘Senliz’), Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton. Henry II (1154-89) had the Castle gar- Eye Castle, Suffolk risoned and indeed in 1173 the King’s men had to defend the castle, during the rebellion against Henry II, when it was attacked by the powerful Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk. “Eye” (the Saxon word for an “island” and “ey” or “eay” Although the attack was repulsed, Eye Castle then had to be largely rebuilt. being the Middle English words) was one of 220 holdings After Henry II died in 1189, it fell into in Suffolk of Edric of Laxfield, a rich, influential Saxon, disuse and was largely demolished in the 1300s-yet sometime in the reign of Edward Suffolk’s third largest landholder, Falconer of England’s II of England (1307-1327) it was granted to his queen, Isabella of France, and then to the Saxon king, Edward the Confessor (1042-1066). de Uffords when Robert de Ufford became Indeed it is most likely that on the hill at front of the motte). Today some of the castle’s Earl of Suffolk in 1337. Eye was Edric’s main, fortified residence, an original keep is still visible and its ruins, des- Robert’s son, William the 2nd Earl earthworks which included Roman stone- ignated as an ancient monument, are open (who in 1351 appointed the Black Prince’s work-the Romans were in Britain 43-410 to the public between Easter and October. Steward, Sir John de Wingfield of Wing- AD-and maybe a wooden castle. William Malet married Hesilia, and field, as his attorney “in his absence”) died After the Battle of Hastings (1066) Wil- died in 1071-the year of the Norman siege in 1382. Thereafter Eye Castle was granted liam Malet, William the Conqueror’s most of Ely-fighting the Saxon Hereward the to Michael de la Pole (married to Katherine trusted commander (A) was rewarded with Wake in the fens around Lincolnshire and de Wingfield of Wingfield-which moated the honour (or feudal lordship) of Eye-con- between today’s Peterborough and the River house on Wingfield Green they applied to sisting of Edric’s 220 estates or manors, Wash. be castellated in 1384, when Michael was ap- (“moated” like an island by two streams William’s son Robert succeeded him. pointed as the new Earl of Suffolk. In about flowing to the River Dove and by the boggy Hesilia Malet-“Robert Malet’s mother” in 1392 Eye was granted to Richard Swillington Eye “Moor” or fen or marsh). the Domesday Book, the great record of who and his wife, Maud. Malet’s honour stretched eastwards as owned what. Sometime in the early part of When Henry VIII succeeded to the far as Dunwich on the coast, as well as 25 the period 1087-1275, Hesilia held, with oth- throne in 1509, he appointed on Septem- small manors in Norfolk (valued at £27 to ers, the nearby Manor of Wingfield-which ber 9th of that year 40-year-old Sir Robert £35 a year), and-after its construction in she leased to Walter, son of Grip, Robert Wingfield “of Shelfhanger and Esterling in 1068-the Governorship of York Castle in de Glanville and Loernic (the first and last Norfolk and of Letheringham in Suffolk and the north. clearly Saxons). Co-holders were the Bishop [of] London”, K. [=knight=soldier or Es- Between 1066 and 1071 William Malet of Thetford, the Abbot of Ely, Roger Bigod quire,” (who had been listed in the General built his motte and bailey castle near Eye and Robert de Wingfield. Pardon Roll on August 26th): Church on the only high ground in the In 1086-87 (the Domesday Book re- “To be Constable of Eye Castle, Suffolk, north of Suffolk. (Motte denotes the high de- corded that in Eye “in the market 25 bur- Bailiff of the honour and lordship of Eye, fensive mound (40 ft high, 160 ft diameter) gesses had their dwellings”) Robert Malet and Keeper of the Park there, in the King’s with a keep (fortress) on top and bailey de- founded, across the River Dove from his gift by attainder of Edmund de la Pole, notes the level area (400 ft by 250 ft wide) in castle, the Benedictine Priory of St Peter, a wingfield family society wingfieldfamilysociety.org page 9

Earl of Suffolk, holding the Baillieship died without male issue, after which Eye NOTES during pleasu re, and the rest for life.” Castle and Eye Priory fell into disuse. (A). Malet was entrusted by the Conqueror [Some Records of the Wingfield Family, p.40]. A windmill was constructed on the Eye to bury King Harold (chosen as King by the motte in 1561-62 and in 1569 Eye’s Member Witan a few weeks earlier. The Bayeux Tap- In 1510 Sir Robert-who was already of Parliament, William Honing was buried estry depicts the Conqueror’s brother, Bishop receiving an annual rent of £20 from Orford there. His son, Edward Honing aka Hon- Odo, seated on one side of him and William Castle and Town-was appointed a “Knight ninge of Sibton, Suffolk, (B) married Ursu- Malet on the other. of the Body”, an honor of great distinction, la, daughter of Anthony Wingfield of St. (B). Wrongly described in PSIANH (below), and was made Bailiff of Silam and Veeles, John’s, Middlesex, and of Sibton (4th son of as “Receiver to the King” [p.59]: that was his Suffolk, besides the Great Wardrobe being the great Sir Anthony Wingfield, K.G.), “by son, Wingfield. Edward’s memorial is in Eye issued with instructions “to deliver Sir Rob- whom he had a numerous family”. church. ert Wingfield a gown of crimson velvet”: a They were living at Eye in 1589 and (C). The sixth child (born 1717) of Charles change indeed from fighting the Cornish Edward was MP for Eye in 1592, 1601 and Cornwallis, the 1st Earl Cornwallis & 5th rebels, which he did in 1497 and from being 1603, and died in 1609 -but it is not clear if Baron of Eye, of nearby Brome Hall, was a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre in the Holy they lived in the castle. Their son, Wingfield General Lord Charles Cornwallis, 1st Mar- Land! Honing, Receiver-General of Revenues for quess, who surrendered the British forces at Sir Robert, 7th son of Sir John Wingfield Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, was described Yorktown in 1781. of Letheringham, went on to become a top as “of Eye”. ambassador: initially to the Emperor Maxi- In 1662 when King Charles II married MAIN SOURCES milian in Innsbruck, Augsburg, Brussels and the Portuguese infanta, Catherine of Bra- Domesday Book (1087); Rev. George Mund- Vienna, Ambassador to Emperor Charles V ganza, she brought a dowry of £300,000 and ford, An Analysis of the Domesday Book (1521-23), Lieutenant and Governor of Cal- Tangier (now part of Morocco) and Bombay (1858); J.M. Wingfield,Some Records of ais (1525-26), and in his old age Mayor of (and introduced tea drinking to England), the Wingfield Family (1925); W.A. Coping- Calais (from 1534). while Charles gave her-et al-Eye Cas- er, Manors of Suffolk, IV (esp. pp.25-26, However, presumably since Sir Robert tle-which she leased to Lord Cornwallis 1909); Vincent B. Redstone, Memorials of was abroad so much, in 1515 Eye Castle was (C) and then Richard Marryott, before it was Old Suffolk (1908). Norman Scarffe, The granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suf- purchased by the Kerrisons. Suffolk Landscape (1972); Steven J. Gunn, folk, followed by Eye Priory being granted to In 1844 a circular mock keep was built Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk (1484- the Duke in 1537. as a Victorian “folly” and Sir Edward Kerri- 1545) (1988); M.R. James, Suffolk & Nor- Sir Robert Wingfield, “of the [rather son built a house there for his soldier servant folk (1930); T.F. Tout, Chapters in Medieval grand] Wingfield’s Place, Old Fish Street, who had saved his life during Battle of Wa- History, V, (esp. pp. 337, 342, 387, 391, 440, London”-with its flaming torches on the terloo back in 1815. The house was damaged 1928-30); William A. Dutt, Suffolk (1904); gates at night-died without male issue in by a gale in 1965 and largely collapsed in Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archae- 1538-9, and in 1545 Charles Brandon also 1979. ™ ology & Natural History, [PSIANH] VII, pt.1, 1889. [Wingfield Pedigrees excl. Pow- erscourt, Tickencote & Onslow at pp.57-68].

WingfieldFamilySociety.org page 10 wingfield family society

his father at Mocar Industries, the family’s tober 1956 in the Davison, Michigan Meth- sheet metal business in Detroit. odist Church. They celebrated their 61st In 1951 Ralph joined the Army and wedding anniversary in 2017. volunteered for language training, which After graduating from Eastern Michi- required a 3-year tour of duty instead of the gan College in 1958 Ralph and Zella moved usual two years. to Florida. Ralph worked for the Florida He then attended the Army Language State Corrections Department, where he School in Monterey, California, where he taught classes to the inmates at Raiford Pris- studied Arabic for a year. After that he was on. In the summer of 1971 the family moved stationed in Arlington, Virginia, where he to Salem, Oregon, where Ralph worked for worked in military intelligence until his hon- Oregon State Corrections and used his writ- orable discharge in 1954. ing skills to prepare parole eligibility reports He achieved the rank of Sergeant and for the Parole Board. earned the Good Conduct Medal and the In 1979 Ralph joined the Church of National Defense Service Medal. Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the rest of Upon returning home, Ralph started the family had joined in 1976), where they school at Michigan State Normal College attended the West Salem Ward. Ralph and in Ypsilanti, where he later graduated in his family were sealed together for time and IN MEMORIAM 1958, with degrees in sociology and Arabic all eternity in 1983, in the Salt Lake Temple. (MSNC became Eastern Michigan College After retiring, Ralph and Zella moved to Ralph Clifford Morrow in 1956 and Eastern Michigan University in Orem, Utah to be near their daughters and (1930-2018) 1959.) grandchildren in 1993. Here Ralph enjoyed Ralph was a charter member of the Phi helping Zella prepare the Wingfield Family Ralph Clifford Morrow was born on Kappa Phi fraternity on that campus and Society’s quarterly newsletter for many years, 24 August 1930 in Dearborn, Michigan to worked as editor of the school newspaper. and wrote faithfully to each of his grandchil- Walker Clifford Morrow and Mary Agnes Ralph also received a business degree in dren serving LDS missions. (Applegate) Morrow and died peacefully 1962 from the University of Florida. Ralph is survived by his wife Zella, on 19 February 2018 in Payson, Utah at the Ralph met Zella Thompson on 29 Feb- daughters Nila (Greg) Blackham, Holly age of 87. ruary 1956 at the student activity center at (Harold) Toomey, Sharon (Warren) Wood He graduated from Dearborn High Eastern, where they were introduced by a and Ginger (Derrick) Wade, 15 grandchil- School in 1948, after which he worked for mutual friend. They were married on 25 Oc- dren and 14 great-grandchildren. ™

Continued from page 7 built in about 1400. Soon after it was built was deemed a church of the royal manor Was this Jaques Wingfield’s Castle in Ireland? a small single-cell church was built close to of Newcastle. If this was indeed Newcastle the village name Newcastle-though its the tower but its original nave and chancel (Markingham) it would have meant the pat- medieval date of construction is uncertain. were largely demolished at some stage. In ent and the ecclesiastical benefice was in the At some stage, possibly in the 15th century, 1775, well after the castle itself had ceased to gift of the sovereign, Queen Elizabeth. “Lyons” was added to its name to distinguish have any defensive role, a new nave attached In addition to being an important forti- it from other castles in the vicinity. Lyons to the castle was constructed for the church fication on the western side of the Pale, the was probably the name of the Anglo-Irish and this is seen in the photo of St Finian’s. tower would have served as a residence, or family which held the castle at this time. It is a church with a church tower unlike al- parsonage, for the clergy. It would explain Today Newcastle Lyons Castle is a sadly most any other church tower in the country. the words from the old book transcribed by neglected ruin engulfed by ivy and full of old So that church tower in the photo was Google Books: Newcastle (Markingham), tires. This L-plan tower house was more than once a castle and it may very well have been with the parsonage impropriate. The eccle- likely twice the two-storey height which it is referred to as Newcastle (Markingham) siastical word “impropriate” means trans- now. It seems most unlikely this dilapidat- during the 16th century. Markingham, like ferring (of property rights, etc.) from the ed castle at Newcastle could have been the Lyons, is an English surname and that may Church into lay hands. This is precisely what Markingham Castle that we have been look- have been the name of the Anglo-Norman was being done by the English Crown- ing for. family that held title to the castle or lived that is Queen Elizabeth I-when Newcastle The other surviving castle in Newcastle there long before Jaques Wingfield came (Markingham) was granted to Jaques Wing- is not seen as a castle unless one looks very along. field. carefully. It is the tower of St Finian’s Church The tower and part of the old church In another old book scanned and dig- (Church of Ireland) and it was originally a chancel are all that remain of the medi- itized by Google (Calendar of the Carew residential tower fortification when it was eval structure that was built in 1400 and Manuscripts: 1515–1574) we also have the wingfieldfamilysociety.org page 11

2019 WFS Membership Dues It is the start of the new year. Except for WFS website, WingfieldFamilySociety.org/ those who have previously paid their WFS society/membership, and complete the se- membership dues beyond 2018, we request cure online WFS Membership Form and that you pay your 2019 dues by the end of make a secured online credit card payment February. using PayPal. Many members have paid for a 5-year When mailing payment to Jim Nowak membership (special rate of $100 if one (by check or by credit card), please complete chooses to receive WFS newsletters by email, and include with your payment the WFS otherwise $150 for WFS newsletters to be membership form, which can be access and mailed to your home). printed by going to the above WFS member- For those renewing for 2019 only, please ship internet page. pay your WFS membership dues by writing Thank you for your continued support. a $35 check payable to the Wingfield Family If you have any questions, feel free to contact Society and mail to Jim Nowak at 1124 Van Mary Wingfield, WFS Membership Direc- Buren Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018 ($25 tor at [email protected] or Jim for WFS newsletters to be emailed). Nowak, WFS Treasurer at jnowak1014@aol. Another option is to pay your WFS com.™ Membership dues online by going to the WingfieldFamilySociety.org/society/membership

Get a new member and help keep WFS growing Our members are the lifeblood to the someone in your immediate family. If you successof the Wingfield Family Society have children, grandchildren, siblings, (WFS). We need to not only replace our aunts, uncles, nieces, or nephews that WINGFIELD FAMILY SOCIETY members that are lost through attrition are not now members,they are all candi- OFFICERS & DIRECTORS each year, but also add new ones to grow to dates. There is no rule that says a parent or an even more vibrant organization. grandparent cannot pay for their children Samuel C. Batsell, Esq., Surely you have a relative or friend that or grandchildren’s membership. President & Lord of the Manor could be a member of WFS. Perhaps it is WFS’s annual membership dues are Stephen D. Chanko, Vice President per household (single mailing address). Barbara C. Cortino, Secretary All eligible persons living at the same ad- following about Markingham : dress are listed as members for the single Jim Nowak, Treasurer Jacques Wingfield also makes suit cost, as long as they maintain the same Robert Ian Wingfield, to have the fee farm of the castle of mailing address. International Vice President Markingham, yielding the yearly rent We need your help in increasing our Rosalyn Dowling of 6l. 13s. 8d Irish. He shall have the overall membership in 2019, and are ask- Florence Foster Nixon ing each member to get at least one new same castle by our grant to him and Stephen J. Riggan his heirs male at the same rent. He also family member or friend to join. ™ makes suit to have the constableship Barbara C. Wingfield of the castle of Dublin by patent in his E. Burwell Wingfield own name, having already an interest George Anthony Rhys Wingfield therein for term of another man’s life. How to Submit Articles, Obituaries, or Greg H. Wingfield The Lieutenant shall cause a patent Photos for the WFS Newsletter thereof to be made to him for life. Dr. John Via III Please send your article and photos to This too seems consistent with the castle of Stephen Chanko, WFS Vice-President at DIRECTORS (APPOINTED) Markingham being the name for that build- [email protected] for review. Articles Jocelyn James Rhys Wingfield, Historian ing which is now the church tower of St Fin- and obituaries are to be submitted copy- Archbishop Mark A. DuBois, Chaplain Mary E. Wingfield, Membership ian’s in Newcastle, Co Dublin. The ecclesias- ready for publication and may be edited for content and space availability. Wallace “Wally” Goodman, Photography tical use of the tower as a parsonage and use Stephen D. Chanko, Webmaster The DEADLINE submission for article sub- of the word “impropriate” is further reason Jim Nowak, Wingfield Store to think that we’ve correctly identified Jaques missions for the WFS Newsletter are: Febru- ary 1; May 1; August 1, November 1. Stephen J. Riggan, Genealogy Wingfield’s Markingham Castle.™ wingfieldfamilysociety.org

possse c/o James Nowak 1124 Van Buren Avenue nolle Des Plaines, IL 60018 nobile

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