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OMNR-OGS 1984
Ministry Of Hon. Alan W. Pope Naturalt. . , Minister. ^ ^ B John R. Sloan Resources Deputy Minister Ontario
ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open File Report 5526
Silica Markets and Uses in Northern Ontario
by Joseph Banigan
1984
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THIS PROJECT WAS PROVIDED BY THE FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION AND THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS UNDER THE NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF THE NORTHERN ONTARIO RURAL DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT. Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form: Banigan, Joseph 1984: Silica Markets and Uses in Northern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5526, 41p., 6 tables and 3 appendices.
Ontario Geological Survey
OPEN FILE REPORT
Open file reports are made available to the public subject to the following conditions:
This report is unedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Geological Survey does not assume liability. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy.
Open file copies may be read at the following locations:
Mines Library Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 8th Floor, 77 Grenville Street, Toronto
The office of the Regional or Resident Geologist in whose district the area covered by this report is located.
Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from this report. Check with the Library or Region al or Resident Geologist©s office as to whether there is a copy of this report that may be borrowed. The Library or Regional or Resident Geologist©s office wfll also give you information on copying ar rangements. A copy of this report is available for Inter-Library Loan.
This report is on ffle in the Regional or Resident Geologists© office(s) located at: Ontario Govt. Bldg. 808 Robertson St. Box 860, Red Lake Box 5160, Kenora Ontario POV 2MO Ontario P9N 3X9
Court House Bldg. 10th Floor, 199 Larch St. Sioux Lookout POV 2TO Sudbury, Ontario P3E 5P9
435 James St. S. 4 Government Rd. E. Thunder Bay, Ont. Kirkland Lake, Ontario P7C 5G6 P2N 1A2
60 Wilson Ave. 875 Queen St. E. Timmins, Ont.P4N 2S7 Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. P6A 2B3 The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Permission for other reproductions must be obtained in writing from the Director, Ontario Geological Survey.
V.©G. Mime, Director Ontario Geological Survey
* ^ - 111
NORTHERN ONTARIO RURAL DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ENTENTE DE DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL NORD-ONTARIEN
Financial assistance for this project was provided by the Federal Department of Regional Industrial Expansion and the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs under the Natural Resources Development Program of the Northern Ontario Rural Development Agreement. The report was prepared under contract by J. Banigan, Consultant.
SILICA MARKETS AND USES IN
NORTHERN ONTARIO
By Joseph Banigan Consultant
Canada
Jointly funded by the t)C.vernn*rnts of Canada and Ontario under the Northern Ontario © Ontario Rural Agreement
VH
Foreword
This report, carried out by a local consultant for the Natural Resources Subcommittee of the
Northern Ontario Rural Development Agreement, concerns silica markets and uses in Northern and Southern Ontario. The dominate use for silica in Northern Ontario is for smelter flux, at 861 ,000 tons, while non-fluxing applications required only 15,265 tons in 1983. Southern
Ontario©s consumption of 942,297 tons has a number of applications, the primary ones being glass, glass fibre insulation, silicon carbide and soluable sodium silicates. Many Northern
Ontario deposits of silica at this time do not appear to be economically feasible due to the high cost of transporting the silica to major users.
V.G. Milne Director Ontario Geological Survey
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page I 2.0 Introduction; Page 1 2.1 Uses of Silica - General Outline 1 2.2 Importance of Silica in Industry 2 2.3 Alternate Materials Available 3 2.4 Users of Silica - Northern Ontario 4 3.0 Northern Ontario Silica Consumption; 5 3.1 User locations 5 3.2 Specifications Required by Users 7 3.3 Sources of Silica Currently Used 9 3.4 Landed Cost 6 Method of Delivery 10 4.0 Southern Ontario Silica Consumption 11 4.1 User locations 11 4.2 Specifications Required by Users 17 4.3 Sources of Silica Currently Used 17 4.4 Landed Cost S Method of Delivery 17 5.0 Northern Ontario Conclusions/Recommendations; 18 5.1 Typical Silica Deposits 18 5.2 Freight Considerations 19 5.3 Plant Size vs Market Opportunities 23 5.4 Selected Criteria for a Viable Silica Deposit 23 5.5 Conclusions 24 Table 1 Major Industry User Groups - 1983 2 Table 2 Substitutes for Silica in Industry 3 Table 3 Summary Glass Melting Silica - usage - Southern Ontario 12 Table 4 Summary of Silica Consumption in Ontario - 1983 13 Table 5 Silica Consumption in Southern Ontario 14 Table 6 Estimated - Rail/truck Freight Rates 22 Illustrations; Map No. - 1 Northern Ontario 6 Map No. - 2 Southern Ontario 16 Map No. - 3 Province of Ontario 21 Abbreviations Chemical symbols 25 Appendix; 1. Selected List of Silica Uses 26 2. Northern Ontario Silica Users - All Types - Call List 29 3. Principal Silica Suppliers ID Ontario Industries 40
XI
SILICA MARKETS AND USES IN NORTHERN ONTARIO;
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY;
1.0 The market for silica in Northern Ontario for non-fluxing applications is small, amounting to an estimated 15,265 tons for 1983. In contrast, the market for silica in Southern Ontario for a multitude of applications shows an estimated
942,297 tons consumption in 1983. To provide a balanced review of the total tonnage of silica used in Ontario, I have made available the results of a study prepaed* in 1981 for Southern Ontario which I have updated in 1983. It should be recognized that much confidential data was provided to me by individuals who were interviewed. To prepare a meaningful report, I have summarized that information in this report. For the purpose of this market investigation, the boundary between the two parts of the province is deemed to be the French River System.
Sub. 2.0 Introduction;
Sub. 2.1 Silica is an important raw material in many industries. Silica consumption ranges from the vast tonnages utilized in the manufacture of all types of glass, in preparation of moulds and cores in metal casting, in the production of artificial abrasives, insulation and chemical silicates, to the relatively small amounts used in specialty paints, in household cleaners and numerous, seldom
XIII recognized applications. With the exception of flux in the primary metals industry, most silica consumption is concentrated in regions of dense population and high industrial activity.
Sub.2.2 Silica uses as shown in Table 1, on page 2 are listed in order of consumption by ton, to illustrate the importance of silica in Ontario industry. On a landed cost basis, the estimated 1,819,462 tons of silica consumed in Ontario in
1983 is valued at nearly $40 million, but the value added of the products and the services using this silica is many times that amount.
Sub.2.3 Table 2, Page 3 lists the major products in which silica is the principal raw material and enumerates some of the alternate materials that can be used in lieu of silica. In Thunder Bay and Sault Ste. Marie for example, a material known as a
"Black Beauty Sandblast Media" is widely used instead of silica sand. This material is made from steel blast furnace slag, deemed to have lesser health hazard for sandblast users.
Sub.2.4 To thoroughly check for every possible user of silica in Northern Ontario, a Call List was prepared including Mines, Pulp and Paper Companies, Foundries, Steel
Manufacturers, Sandblast Contractors, Body Shops, Industrial Suppliers, Fluxing
Silica Sources, etc. as detailed in Appendix 3, Page 40* More than 165 individual calls were made in Northern Ontario or at company headquarters in Southern Ontario.
On page 4 a summary of Silica Users in Northern Ontario recapitulates consumption based on details cont ained in Appendix 2, page 29* Principal consumer market areas are located on page 6 (Map No.1, Northern Ontario).
Sub.3*0 Northern Ontario Silica Consumption;
In the section I have outlined sub.3.1 User Locations, sub.3.2
Specifications required by Silica Users, sub.3.3 Sources of Silica Currently Used and sub.3.4 Landed Cost and Method of Delivery in detail. Although the total Silica
Consumption in Northern Ontario (877,165 tons) is comparable to that of Southern
Ontario (942,297 tons) for 1983, the end uses and valuation are entirely different, as shown in Table 1, page 2. Northern Ontario Silica Usage by Major Industry Groups points out that approximately 98.1 percent is consumed as low value flux. In contrast, virtually all the silica consumption in Southern Ontario is for high value melting applications (647,000 tons) plus Foundry and Non-Foundry uses (295,297).
This study has identified only 1.9 percent of the silica currently used in Northern
Ontario for relatively high value, non-fluxing applications (15,265 tons - 1983).
Sub.4.O Southern Ontario Silica Consumption;
In this section I have tabled the Silica Users in Southern Ontario wi~th the same objectives as 3.0 Northern Ontario. This was done by updating to 1983 all the data from a similar 1981 study. Glass Melt users were each personally interviewed.
The Consumption by Major Industry Groups for the Province of Ontario is summarized in Table 4, on page 13, which shows the comparison of each industry group consumption in Northern Ontario, with similar Southern Ontario industry groups.
XVII
Map No. 2 on page 16 locates Southern Ontario silica usage by counties as listed in Table 4. A listing for the Abbreviations used to identify each each type of silica consumed in each market area is included,
Sub.5.O Northern Ontario Conclusions/Recommendations;
Sub.5.1 Typical Silica Deposits;
Two examples have been taken from Ministry of Natural Resources records: the deposits in the vicinity of Hearst and the Westree deposits, midway between
Sudbury and Timmins. Operation of these sources could not survive on the market available within a reasonable distance, even if the silica was deemed as high purity. Map no 3, on page 21 for the Province of Ontario locates these two deposits.
Sub.5.2 Basic Economics of Silica Required;
This section stresses the need for any silica source in Ontario to meet not only the precise Physical and Chemical Specifications but to do so at competitive landed cost at user destinations. Truck rates from Westree to 32 representative destinations in both Northern and Southern Ontario, including
Montreal and Valleyfield, Quebec were prepared by a leading Traffic Consultant. One half of these destinations show a rate of 330.00 per ton or more and includes all of the large user locations. The freight to major markets is more than from competing silica sources in the Unites States, Ontario and Quebec. This is not encouraging for a Northern Ontario silica source.
Sub.5.3 Plant Size v/s Market Operations; This topic is treated briefly assuming that Silica Deposits, particularly in Northern Ontario, are of high purity, with competitive Physical and Chemical xix characteristics, factors which have not been fully demonstrated. On the further assumption that such deposits are located close to major Glass Melt Users (which eliminates Northern Ontario), I recommend silica sand plants to be sized so as to supply 10(^ Glass melt Usage on a two shift basis. This can provide a satisfactory
Return On Investment by successful silica producers.
Sub. 5.4 Selected Criteria for a Viable Silica Deposit;
Four of the critical factors that must be considered if a silica deposit is to be successfully developed are listed.
Sub. 5.5 Conclusions:
In summation of the data assembled and from the known deposits of silica in Northern Ontario, the writer does not see a commercially feasible or finacially viable opportunity to produce a market silica from Northern Ontario sources at this time.
Acknowledgement;
The writer wishes to acknowledge the wholehearted cooperation of the many users of silica in Ontario who kindly supplied me with the information which provided the basis for this study. In recent years, they have often been called upon by potential suppliers of silica from many parts of Canada and the United
States, yet they continue to maintain their courteous interest and candid assistance.
Respectfully Submitted,
Joseph Banigan, Consultant
xxi
Page l 2.0 Introduction;
2.1 Uses of Silica - General Outline;
Silica is one of the most prevalent industrial minerals known to mankind.
Silica can be found in almost every country of the world, in a wide variety of forms, colour and purity. It is used by many industries as a basic raw material, filler or extender, flux, abrasive or cleaning compound, chemical agent, moulding material, filtering media, assay or testing agent, anti-skid or traction additive, as a grouting or strength enhancing ingredient, finish or polish. It is a principal component in the making of glass, glass fibre, insulation materials, enamel frit, cement, matches, plastic, steel, iron, non-ferrous metals, paint, rubber, printers ink, and countless other products. New uses for silica are constantly being developed and consumption in highly industrialized areas shows a growth pattern of. 2-4*s per year. See Appendix 1, on Page 26- Silica Uses.
The province of Ontario consumed approximately 1,819,462 tons of silica in
1983. A little more than half of this total was used in Southern Ontario, (South of the French River) or about 942,297 tons. This consumption is summarizewd in T able
No.4, Page 13.
The balance was consumed in Northern Ontario, (North of the French River) at about 877,165 tons, as summarized in 2.4 Page 4. No less than 861,900 tons of this Northern Ontario usage was in the form of Silica Smelting Flux, quarried and sized in the area close to or adjacent to the smelter plants. Most of the silica use is in Non-Ferrous smelters, however a small amount of silica sand is used as a flux at an iron ore smelter. Page 2
This is an experimental project, the final results of which were not available at the time of writing this report. Other uses of silica in Northern
Ontario total 15,265 tons including sand and ground silica flour. Not included, because it is not a true silica product but a man-made substitute material for silica sandblast dp&d, is a product known as Black Beauty. It should be noted that 3,500 tons of sand and gravel are also consumed by Sudbury area mining companies.
These materials are used for mine maintenance applications and are produced to specification at captive pits in Garson Township from which Silica
Flux is quarried. Company specifications do not stipulate the silica content for these materials but the contractors operating pits supply their needs at a significant cost saving.
2.2 Importance of Silica in Industry;
Silica is used in large quantities by many Ontario Industries. Large
Industrial consumers are listed by groups or types in order of importance by tons of usage, totaling 1,808,735 tons for 1983.
Table I - Major Industry User Groups - 1983 Consumed Valuation
- Non-Ferrous Metals Smelting Silica Flux 860 ,400 tons $ 2,770,000
- Glass Melting Silica Sand and Flour 647 ,000 tons 21,510,500
- Foundry Silica Sand and Flour 227 ,508 tons 11,375,400
- Non-Foundry Silica Sand and Flour 68 ,797 tons 3,783,835
- Low Silica Spec. Sand and Gravel (local pits) 3 ,530 tons 121,700
- Experimental Ferrous Smelting Silica Flux 1 ,500 tons 109,500
Value of silica consumed in Ontario on Landed Cost Basis 1983 $39,670,935
The importance of silica to industry in Ontario is evident and silica contributes many times its landed cost, to the value of the products and the Page 3 services in which it is used* Userf require Silica to consistently conform to precise Physical fi Chemical specifications.
2.3 Alternate Materials Available;
Most industrial raw materials can be replaced by alternate materials in times of shortages or disruption of source or delivery. This process is accelerated when emergencies occur but the interplay of competing forces is always at work. No material is immune from the possibility of being substituted or superceded. Some alternates for silica are shown below.
Table 2 - Substitutes for Silica in Industry
Glass Containers - Plastic, Metal, Paper Flat Glass - Plastic/Resin Sheet Glass Fibre Insulation - Steel Slag, Paper, Plastic, Sea Weed, Wood Silicon Carbide Abrasive - Aluminum Oxide Abrasive Soluble Sodium Silicate - Animal Fats, Petroleum Products Specialty Glass - Plastic, Ceramic, Chinaware, Metal Glass Fibre Industrial - Cotton, Hemp, Plastic, Wool, Corn Stalks Foundry Sand - Zircon, Olivene, Permanent Moulds, Centrifugal Casting Foundry Flour - Fire Clay, Talc, Mica - Processed Non-Foundry Sand - Nepheline Syenite, Calcite, Talc, Mica Non-Foundry Flour - Nepheline Syenite, Calcite, Talc, Mica Non-Ferrous Flux - None Known Ferrous Flux - Calcite, Limestone - Selected 6 Graded Low Silica Stone/Gravel/Sand - Trap Rock, Dolomite, Limestone Sandblast Sand - Crushed fi Sized Steel Blast Furnace Slag - See Note Page 13.
This list seems to indicate that at least one half of the total usage of silica can be substituted with alternate materials and perhaps eliminated under certain circumstances. While this is true theoretically, the natural forces of Physical fi
Chemical Properties, Availability, Landed Cost, Storage fi Usage Problems are constantly at work in the market place. On a net basis, the usage of silica in industry continues to increase 2 to 4% per year. 8S O ft
f)
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E .3 ~ . 0 *4 > •5* o • 5 -H * . ^4 u * *a * .s y 53s s • a~3 *** 339 *Q e C M * 3 Ltd ast Morcas j j c : 2!s 3 p.- ne- e --g .P e-55 Machinefi . en e •O4J ^4z 9e S &Z 3 z jss* 33**e e * e O* C ^4 9 9 . M 5*5* * "33 ** f e * aS-Sg 5.5***" ** 5* 9 331 otn ^* M -8 3 -rf i* S-' N O P 6 S*g? ^jS ** h a . . O fr SS5 •H -S e * e •5 x. 3 IS 1'H 252 z z M h. H 5 U CJ * 3 Page 5
3.0 Northern Ontario Silica Consumption;
3.1 User Locations;
A summary of Silica Users in Northern Ontario is shown on Page 4 and tons consumed in principal Northern Ontario markets are located on Map No.
1, on Page 6. This information was obtained by personal calls or telephone contacts in each instance. More than 165 calls were made to assemble this data.
Contacted were 6 Foundries, 64 Mines, 19 Pulp/Paper Plants, 4 Railroads,
30 Sandblast Contractors, 4 Large Smelters, 11 Industrial Supplies and Equipment
Companies, 1 Water Filtration Plant plus Ontario Ministry of Transportation and
Communications located at 1201 Wilson Avenue, Downsview, Ontario. Full cooperation and confirmation of data was obtained from Supply Dealers in both Northern and
Southern Ontario. Map No. 1, Page 6 Northern Ontario Silica users
- shows user locations and tons silica consumed 1983, at principal markets.
Location District Silica Usage Type of Silica
1. Copper Cliff Sudbury 7,000 Sandblast, Flux Sand fi Gravel Falconbridge Sudbury 301 ,500 Foundry, Flux Sand fi Gravel Sudbury Area Sudbury 403,500 Flux Gravel fi Maintenance
2. Sault Ste. Marie Algoma 2,200
3. North Bay Nipissing 1,000
4. New Liskeard Timiskaming 1,450 Foundry, Flux Sand, Testing Flour 5. Kirkland Lake Timiskaming
6. Timmins Area Cochrane 160,180 Flux Flour, Sandblast Sand
7. Thunder Bay Thunder Bay 335 Found ry, Sandblast Sand
TOTAL SILICA 877,165 Tons Consumed in Northern Ontario - 1983
Page 7
3.2 Specifications Required by Users Northern Ontario;
Silica users need this mineral in their process to conform to precise Physical and Chemical Specifications, at the lowest possible landed cost. For Non-Ferrous Metals Smelters for example, large tonnages are required, but SiO2 content can range from 5(^ to 95% and the size can vary from gravel at - 2" x 2" to +1" x 1" for Smelters in the Sudbury area. In the Timmins area, the size can vary from -10 mesh to -f 325 mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve), which is a wider range but finer particle size. One Company uses its own tailings from reducers and concentrators at an estimated cost of only $2.00 per ton. This is simply the moving and sizing cost for an annual consumption of 160,000 tons in 1983. Sudbury smelters contract for their requirements from pits in nearby Garson Township, adjacent to Sudbury at approximately $3.50 per ton for 700,000 tons combined usage in 1983. While they own these pits, their contractor can profitably mine, size and deliver to their smelters at Capreol, Falconbridge and Copper Cliff. However, one company is experimenting with a high purity silica at 99.7% SiO2 and precisely sized to AFS Average Grain Fineness of 32.0 for which they pay $73.00 per ton delivered to their Ferrous (Iron) Smelting plant,
(see p.25 for abbreviations). At more than 20 times the cost of their Non-Ferrous Smeltering Flux delivered, this experimental flux is expected to be economic and profitable, if the technical aspects prove out. Mines-Assay Supplies Limited, Kirkland Lake are a specialty supply company serving gold mines throughout Northern Ontario and Northwestern
Quebec. Large gold, silver, copper, cobalt, nickel etc. mines have their own smelter plants such as Kidd Creek Mines Ltd. at Timmins, Ontario and Noranda Mines Limited at Noranda, Quebec. Small to large producing mines, close to Page 8
these smelters, contract with them to smelt their ore concentrates for a fee.
These smelters have tailings of the correct size and silica content to handle
their requirements plus custom smelting for other contract customers. Many
other producing mines are at a considerable distance from Timmins and Noranda
and have smelters sized to process their own concentrates. Their tailings are
often not suitable for smelting flux or they need to add a proportion of high
purity silica to bring the net chemical analysis of their tailings up to the
optimum silica content. Mines-Assay Supplies Limited serve most of these
producers, supplying some 400 tons per year of Natural Rounded Whole Grain High
Purity (99.8 SiO2) Silica Sand having an average grain fineness of 32.0.
This company also supplies high purity ground silica flour (98.8
SiO2) at a range of - 140 mesh to -f 325 mesh, to every producing mine
laboratory in Northern Ontario and Northwestern Quebec. Individual orders are
small but they ship up to 50 tons per year. Mine labs use this silica flour as
an Assay Testing Media. A precise weight of their finely ground ore sample is mixed with the same precise weight of silica flour to produce a test sample
disc. The discs are carefully baked to zero moisture and then treated by
various chemicals and reweighed on a procedure sequence. The results are then plotted to indicate the mineral contents of the sample very accurately - grams
to the third decimal place per ton of concentrate. These results enable operators to monitor yields, to indicate if ore body is weakening or increasing
in relation to economic minimum and to help mine engineers determine best drilling and removal techniques for control of their ore costs on a profitable basis. Mines-Assay landed cost at Kirkland Lake for Silica Sand is 3115.00 per
ton and for Silica Flour is 3140.00 per ton. They must cover their profit, overhead and delivery costs, which makes these silica products worth 310.00 or Page 9 more per 100 Ib bag to mine end-users. These examples clearly illustrate the range of physical and chemical specifications and the need for consistent high purity, usually associated with relatively small volume, as compared to low purity and wide size requirements generally applicable to large volume and very low cost fluxing silica.
3.3 Sources of Silica Currently Used:
In Northern Ontario 877,165 tons of silica will be consumed in
1983 or approximately 49.4% of the total silica consumed by the entire Province of Ontario for 1983. However, 860,400 tons of this usage in Northern Ontario, or 98.^ will be consumed in the form of non-ferrous silica flux. This material delivers at points of use for an average of $3.00 per ton, which leaves only a minimal amount to cover the cost to quarry and size the silica gravel to specifications and to deliver to users.
Conversely 1.9% of the total silica consumed in Northern Ontario for 1983 or 16,765 tons will have landed costs $37.50 per ton to 3244.00 per ton at points of use. Lakeshore Dried Bank Sand, AFS 48-52, with approximately
2% clay content, delivers by self-unloading bulk blower truck to New Liskeard
(1,000 tons) for $48,65 per ton or to Sudbury (4,500 tons) for 337.50 per ton.
Martin Marietta Silica Sand at 99.356 SiO2, AFS/AGF 31.56 delivers in 100 Ibs. multi-wall paper bags, in box cars from Portage, Wisconsin to Sault Ste. Marie
(500 tons) for Canadian 378.60 per ton including rail surcharge and Customs clearance costs, though exempt from duty or sales taxes. Sandblast Silica Sand delivers into principal markets in Northern Ontario for an average of 3100.00 per ton (4,335 tons). The Summary 2.4 on page 4 shows the details. Page 10
3.4 Landed Cost fi Method of Delivery
Each individual silica user determines the lowest possible Landed
Cost for the particular silica materials required. He locates sources of the precise Physical and Chemical properties specified for this application and
cost at point of origin. He investigates the most economic, reliable,
convenient carrier to move the selected silica to his plant. The carrier is often the producer, and these two costs combined, establishes his landed cost.
With this data, the choice of supplier is made. Most silica users then monitor quality, service and landed costs continuously and call for competitive tenders at least once per year.
We have seen that 98.^ of the total silica consumed in Northern
Ontario in 1983 is in the form of non-ferrous smelting flux. Sudbury area smelters draw their requirements from their owned or leased pits in Garson Township, at close proximity.
They use rear discharge dump trucks for delivery to their individual points of use, for a landed cost of $3.50/ton. Operators at Timmins use some off-road motorized equipment plus their materials handling conveyors, both permanent and portable, to move their silica tailings from stock pile(s) to point(s) of use as non-ferrous smeltering flux, at lowest possible cost (estimted at $2.00 per ton).
The remaining 1 .9*i consuming 15,265 tons in 1983, select the carrier best suited to their particular needs. For bagged silica products, either rail box cars or flatbed trucks are used. Truck shipments are tarped and strapped and are usually palletized for bag shipments. Bulk shipments by truck are usually handled by self-unloading tanker units, which are equipped to fluidize and move the silica from the truck to user storage silos by air pressure, generated by the truck motor or an auxiliary motor mounted on the Page 11
tanker unit. These units carry lengths of hose to fit user connections and are
therefore completely self-contained and can make deliveries around the clock, without assistance from the user. Bulk shipments also move by rail, in covered hopper cars, box cars and pressure differential tank cars. Rail shipments are used extensively in Southern Ontario from producer to end user(s) or to silica distributors. Few silica consumers in Northern Ontario use rail carriers, showing a preference for truck deliveries from distributors in Southern
Ontario. The trend favours truck movements for distances up to 300 miles approximately from shipping point to end user destination, with back-hauls available in some instances, to reduce costs. Shipments to users in Sault Ste.
Marie and Thunder Bay are mostly handled by rail carriers, due to the long distances from silica sources. Some silica users at Thunder Bay and west to Fort Frances, Kenora and Dryden also buy from Selkirk, Manitoba and use trucks
for carriers of their silica requirements but the volume is very small.
4.0 Southern Ontario Silica Consumption;
4.1 Due to the large number of individual users, the many sources and grades of silica consumed and the wide range of Physical and Chemical specifications involved, only Glass Melting Silica users are summarized in Table 3, page 12. The entire Southern Ontario Silica Usage, including
Glass Melting, Foundry and Non-Foundry is summarized in Table 4, page 13. The tons of Silica consumed in Southern Ontario are shown by County totals, on Map
No. 2, Page 16. Page 12
Table 3 - Summary Glass Melting Silica Usage - Southern Ontario;
Total Usage 647,000 tons 1.0 Glass Melting Sand fi Flour;
1.1. Glass Bottles, Containers, Flat Glass, Float Glass, Specialty Glass
User Location
Consumers Glass Company Limited Milton Consumers Glass Company Limited Toronto Domglas Inc. Bramalea Domglas Inc. Hamilton Ford Glass Limited Scarborough P.P.G. Industries Canada Limited Owen Sound National Pressed Glass Co. Ltd. Brantford
Total Tonnage Glass Bottles, Containers, Flat Glass, Float Glass, Specialty Glass: 490,000 tons
Average Price Per Ton,: $32.44
1.2. Glass Fibre Insulation and Glass Fibre Industrial
Fiberglas Canada Inc. Markham Fiberglas Canada Inc. Sarnia Fiberglas Canada Inc. Guelph Graham Fiber Glass Limited Erin Ottawa Fibre Industries Ottawa
Total Tonnage - Glass Fibre Insulation and Glass Fibre Industrial: 89,500 tons
Average Price Per Ton,: $32.85
1.3 Silicon Carbide and Soluable Silicates
Exolon Company of Canada Ltd. Thorold General Abrasives (Canada) Ltd. Niagra Falls National Silicates Limited Toronto
Total Tonnage - Silicon Carbide and Soluable Silicates: 67,500
Average Price Per Ton,: $39.24 Page 13
Table 4 - Summary of Silica Consumption in Ontario - 1983 TOTAL SILICA 1,819,462 (tons )
Consumption - Northern Ontario - Major Industry Groups - tons 1983
1. Glass Metal Sand Glass Melt Flour Total 2. Foundry Sand 7,330 Foundry Flour Total 7,330 3. Non-Foundry Sand 4,385 Non-Foundry Flour 50 Total 4,435 4. Non-Ferrous Flux 860,400 Gravel, Sand Total 860,400 5. Ferrous Flux Sand 1,500 Experimental Total 1,500 6* Local/Maintenance 3,500 Low Grade Gravel Total 3,500
TOTAL SILICA SAND/GRAVEL 877,115 TOTAL SILICA FLOUR 50 TOTAL SILICA 877,165
Consumption - Southern Ontario - Major Industry Groups - tons 1983
1. Glass Melt Sand 633,500 Glass Melt Flour 13,500 Total 647,000 2. Foundry Sand 229,255 Foundry Flour 1,055 Total 230,310 3. Non-Foundry Sand 28,611 Non-Foundry Flour 36,376 Total 64,987 4* Non-Ferrous Flux Gravel, Sand Total 5* Ferrous Flux Sand Experimental Total 6* Local/Maintenance Low Grade Gravel Total
TOTAL SILICA SAND 891,366 TOTAL SILICA FLOUR 50,931 TOTAL SILICA 942,297
Note; Table 2, Page 3. Steel Blast Furnace Slag - Sandblast Media
In the course of this study, a steel blast furnace slag by-product was identified as an alternate or substitute material for silica sandblast sand.
This material, brand named "Black Beauty" sandblast media is widely used for sandblasting in the Toronto, Thunder Bay and Sault Ste. Marie markets.
Manufactured by the H.B. Reed fi Co., Inc., 8149 Kennedy Ave.. Highland, IN.
46322, (219)923-4200, it is offered in several closely sized grades but in limited availability. A major advantage is its low "free silica" content^ free silica is a known health hazard. Table 5 - Silica Consumption in Southern Ontario;
4.1 User Locations - Map No. 2 - Southern Ontario;
Tons Location County Usage Types of Silica
Belleville Hastings 2,810 FSA, FRC
Bracebridge Muskoka 100 FDD
Brampton Mississauga Peel 85,604 GMS, FSA, FRW, FOB, FRC, FFL, FDD, FDF Orangeville
Brantford Brant 7,877 GMS, FSA, FRW, FDB, FRC, FFL, FDD, FDF
Brockville Leeds 50 FRW
Burlington Milton Halton 35,285 FRW, NFL, GMS, FRC, FSA, FFL OakviIle
Caledonia Haldimand 125 NFL Norfolk
Cambridge Kitchener Waterloo 14,440 FSA, FRW, FDB, FRC, FFL Waterloo
Carleton Place Lanark 415 FSA, FRW, FRC
Chatham Kent 26,750 FRW Wallaceburg GMS, FDB
Clinton FRW Wingham Huron 2,950 FRC
Collingwood FRW Note: L.O.F. s Glass Beads, Toledo Meaford Grey 104,150 FSA Owen Sound GMS, FRW, FDF
Grimsby FSA, FWB Niagara Falls SIC, BH), FRW, FRC St. Catharines Niagara 101,040 FSA, FRW, FDB, FRC, FDD, FWB Thorold SIC, FRW
Guelph, Erin Wellington 29,625 GMS, FRW, FRC
Haley, Renfrew Renfrew 10,600 FRW, FSA
Hamilton Hamilton- 115,807 GMS, FSA, FRW, FRC, NFL, FDB Wentworth Page 15
Table 5 - Continued: Tons Location County Us age Types of Silica
Ingersoll NFL Woodstock Oxford 1 3 , 450 FSA, FRW, FFL
London Middlesex 2 , 595 FRW, FOB, FRC, NFL, FDF
Morrisburg Dundas 2 , 500 FRC
Orillia Simcoe 6, 132 FSA, FRW, FOB, FRC, FFL, FWB
Oshawa Durham 600 FRW, FDB, FDF Bowmanville
Ottawa Ottawa 2 ,900 6MS , FSA, FRW, FFL Car le ton
Port Hope Northumberland 1 , 760 FSA, FRW, FRC, FFL
Prescott Grenville 335 FRC, FSA Merrickville FRW, FFL
Sarnia, Forest Lambton 43, 270 GMS , FRW, FWB S, FRW, FWB
St. Thomas Elgin 2 , 500 FSA
Stratford Perth 1 , 850 FRW
Toronto York 284 , 332 GMS, SSS, HTP, FSA, Richmond Hill FRW, FRC, FFL, FDF
Welland Welland 6, 645 FSA, FRW Port Colborne FFL, FWB
Windsor Essex 43, 725 FRW, FDB, FRC Essex FDD, FWB
Abbreviations -- Types of Silica:
BBS - Black Beauty Slag FFL - Foundry Flour HTP - High Temp. Pipe Insltn
BED - Bedding, Runner Sand FRC - Foundry Resin Coated GMF - Glass Melt Flour
FDB - Foundry Dried Bank FRW - Fdry. Round Whole Grain GMS - Glass Melt Sand
FDD - Foundry Dried Dune FSA - Fdry. Sub Angular NFL - Non-Foundry Flour
FDF - Foundry Fine - 100AFS FWB - Fdry. Wet Bank NFS - Non-Foundry Sand
SIC - Silicon Carbide SSS - Soluble Sodium Silicate Page 16 Mao No.2-Southem Ontario 4.1 User Locations/County/Tons 1983- SILICA USAGE Silica Consumed (TONS) Ottawa-Carleton 2,900 2,500 Grenville 335 — Lanark 415 ^^.—Renfrew 10,600 — — — - Leeds 50
2,810
Northumberland 1,760 100
600
6,132
284,332
104,150
85,604
Wellington 29,625 35,285 14,440 — — — —Hamilton-Wentworth 115,807 101,040 ——— —Brant 7,877 — — — — Oxford 13,450 Haldimand-Norfolk 125
Middlesex 1,850 2,950 2,500 ""-Lambton 43,270 26,750
-Essex 43,725 Page 17
4.2 Specifications Required by Users:
The many varieties of silica sands and flours consumed by
Southern Ontario in 1983 at 942,297 tons are listed by individual user with details as to types, both physical and chemical specificationss, tons consumed and other pertinent data in the data sheets{ Y\O± \** l**do.^ ).
Specifications are usually precise and reflect the needs of each user, based on his experience, process and customer requirements. No less than 25 silica producers, both domestic and out-of-province, compete for a share of this tonnage, supplied in 18 different types and more than 65 grades.
No one source can supply all the Specifications or meet all the landed cost factors.
4.3 Sources of Silica Currently Used;
Most glass melt silica consumed in Southern Ontario originates in
Central Illinois, Wisconsin, Lower Michigan, Northern Ohio or at Midland
Ontario. Similarly foundry silica comes from these areas of the United States plus Pennsylvania, Central New Jersey, New York and Upper West Virginia. Very little foundry sand is supplied from Ontario producers. Foundry silica flour plus non-foundry silica sand and flour comes from many of these U.S. sources plus large tonnages from Ontario silica producers. See Appendix 3r Page 4Q.
4.4 Landed Cost and Method of Delivery:
Rail and truck carriers are used to deliver silica from all suppliers. The carrier and type of equipment depends on end user requirements and lowest possible landed cost. Large tonnage consumers, such as container and flat glass manufacturers, prefer rail closed hopper cars which offer a
"pipeline" supply. Foundries use several combinations such as rail closed hopper direct, boat plus trucks, trucks direct and rail covered hoppers to distributors who unload and store in their silos, shipping by truck as required. Some users of bagged silica receive rail box cars direct while fage i o others use tarped flatbed trucks with palletized bags direct or from distributors. Many distributors are equipped to bag silica sand received in bulk and also make truck deliveries to users in bottom or rear discharge dump
trucks or self-unloading blower units.
These delivery patterns are usually developed by the particular needs of individual users such as bulk for delivery by self-unloading blower trucks into weather-proof silos; or bulk from bottom discharge covered rail hopper cars or truck/trailers; or bulk from rear discharge covered dump truck trailers. These users are equipped with covered conveyors both horizontal and vertical to load their storage silos from the top, such as container glass or flat glass manufacturers. These users of silica have established their selection of silica suppliers at the lowest possible landed cost. Small users need their silica sand in paper bags to deliver their sand at the point of use, such as sandblast contractors. They will use rail box cars or flatbed trucks usually palletized to meet their requirements. One user of silica flour, as a prime ingrediant for high temperature pipe insulation, takes his material in woven polypropylene closed bags that can handle 1,700 Ibs. each. These bags are shipped by rail box cars or flatbed trucks which are loaded, unloaded and moved in and out of dry storage to points of use by traveller crane, fork lift truck or conveyors. Discharge is by special valve and sleeve at the bottom and these bags are used many times in their normal service life.
5.0 Northern Ontario - Conclusions/Recommendations:
5.1 Typical Silica Deposits;
•Northern Ontario has large deposits of excellent silica sand mixed with kaolin clay occurring over a wide area between Kipling and McBrien townships in Hearst Area." Source: Silica in Ontario, (D.6. Minnes, Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources, Unpublished Report 1979). and Kaolin in the Moose River Basin; (G.R. Guillet, Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources, Unpublished Report 1979). See also: Quartz sand and Kaolinite clay of the James Bay Lowlands, Ontario; Vos, M.A. CIM Bull; October 1982, p.90 - 98.
"Several large areas of glacial outwash are located along Highway
560 east of its junction with Highway 144, about midway between Sudbury and
Timmins. Of particular interest are flat sand plains extending seven or eight kilometres on either side of the CNR crossing on Highway 560 in Westbrook and
Garvey townships. The railway crossing is 17km east of the juction of Highways
144 and 560." Source: Westree Sand Deposit, Westbrook and Garvey Townships,.
District of Sudbury (Guillet, G.R.; Ontario Geol.Survey, Open File Report
5445, 1983).
Both of these areas appear to have possible future potential for glass melt silica. At present, they are located too distant from large volume users. Cost to treat this material to meet glass melt specification has not yet been established. Map No. 3, Page 21, Province of Ontario locates both of these deposits. By means of a triangle on the acetate overleaf, Westree is pinpointed.
Table 6, Page 22 lists 32 possible destinations for silica users in both Northern and Southern Ontario, each of which is numbered consecutively as the freight rate from Westree (solid triangle) increases. These numbered markets appear on the map and the freight from Westree to each place is shown on the acetate overleaf. If Westree is to be economically viable, these freight rates would have to be competitive to all Ontario destinations from those users' current suppliers. There may be possible by-product revenue to reduce the silica sand F.O.B. mill cost but these possibilities should be proven by adequate typical sample testing and pilot plant trials. Page 20
5.2 Freight Considerations; - See estimated rail/truck freight rates: Page 22.
The basic objective of a successful silica operation is to produce a profit from the investment. The key to finding a silica sand source to supply the needs of users in Ontario is competitive landed costs at user destinations for silica sand of equal physical and chemical specifications.
The data contained in the questionnaire sheets and foundry plus non-foundry sheets illustrates the normal requirements of silica users, from whom they buy and at what landed cost. To meet this competition, the initial step is to locate a silica deposit, particularly in Northern Ontario, of such high purity, that it can meet glass melt specifications with minimal mining and processing costs. To this F.O.B. mill cost must be added adequate overhead and profit to make it a viable operation and to establish the necessary selling price.
To this selling price, F.O.B. mill must be added carriers cost to deliver to user destinations in Ontario. Nap No. 3, Page 21 shows current bulk truck rates from Westree, as a possible shipping location to destinations in
Ontario and adjacent points in Quebec. These rates were supplied by a leading traffic consultant* and are currently competitive. At a present landed cost to
Toronto of $35.00 per ton, sand produced at Westree to compete would have to sell for $1.40 per ton F.O.B. mill which seems improbable. Most other major users destinations show the freight costs alone to be in excess of their current total landed costs for silica sand incuding freight from current sources.
(* Note; Estimated rail/truck rates prepared by; Mr. George P. Ledson, President, Cavalier Warehousing fi Traffic Consultants Ltd., P.O. Box 723, Bolton, Ontario, LOP 1AO (416)857-6981, (416)857-1790). Page 21 Map No. 3-(5.1 a 5.2) Estimated Rail/Truck Freight Rates
OKI r, IN : Westree, Ontario to selected destinations \ \ Minimum:35 Tons \ COMMODITY : Silica Sand. Freight from •* Ifestrtc-Dtoosit - Bulk or Bags 32.Kenora 571.^0/T \ \ • 31.Dryden 565.00^ *
30.Fort Frances. 563.00/T\ \\ \ 29.Thunder Bay 547.20/T \\ 24.Nipigon 540.807T\ \
21.Marathon 535.60/T
13. Wawa S2t.40r*' 14.Hearst530.00/T \
12.Kapuskasing 52^.00 It ^ .5.Sault Ste. Marie 530 B.Smooth Rock *alls S20.20/T • 3.Cochrane SI*.00/T '.Blind River 522.60/T 10.Elliot Lake^&^/T ^ I. Timmins 5I2.20/T
4.EsDanola^tf^yOiAT •S.Kirkland Lake SI9.00/T SIS.OO/T-?^- 0015^ 124 ' 0071 ^Sturgeon Falls SI7.60/T 7.North Bav 520.20/T
25.Sarnia 542.80
19.Toronto S33.60/T " ^ S37.00/T •^^ 20.Hamilton 27.Montreal,Oue. S45.20/T S35.60,'T 28.Valleyfield,Oue.S45.207T Page 22
Table 6 (5-1 and 5-2) - Map No. 3, Page 21.
Estimated - Rail/Truck Freight Rates;
ORIGIN; Westree, Ontario to selected destinations - min. 35 tons.
COMMODITY; Silica sand - bulk or bags
DESTINATIONS; Northern - Ontario - Southern (Plus Montreal and Valleyfield)
1. Timmins $12.20/T 16. Haley $32.80/T
2. Sudbury $13.00/T 17. Brampton $33.60/T
3. Cochrane $16.00/T 18. Owen Sound $33.60/T
4. Espanola $16.00/T 19. Toronto $33.60/T
5. Sturgeon Falls $17.60/T 20. Hamilton $35.60/T
6. Kirkland Lake $19.00/T 22. Brantford $37.00/T
7. North Bay $20.20/T 23. Niagara Falls, Ont. $38.40/T
8. Smooth Rock Falls $20.00/T 23. Niagara Falls, N.Y, $38.40/T
9. Blind River 322.60/1 25. Sarnia $42.80/T
10. Elliott Lake $22.60/T 26. Wallaceburg $42.80/T
11. Cobalt $24.00/T
12. Kapuskasing $24.00/T
13. Wawa $28.40/T
14. Hearst $30.00/T
15. Sault Ste. Marie $30.00/T 27. Montreal, Quebec 345.20/1
21. Marathon $35.60/T 28. Valleyfield, Que, 345.20/1
24. Nipigon $40.80/T
29. Thunder Bay $47.20/T
30. Fort Frances $63.00/T
31. Dryden $65.00/T
32. Kenora $71.00/T
Map Show - Cities/Towns Acetate Overlay Shows - Freight from (Numbered) Wes tree-Deposi t
These rates prepared by: Cavalier Warehousing fi Traffic Consultants Limited, Mr. George P. Ledson, Pres., P.O. Box 723, Bolton, Ontario, LOP 1AO (416)857-6981 Page 23 5.3 Plant Size vs Market Opportunities;
It is difficult to deal with the important factor of Return On Investment for plant and other capital equipment, in the absence of background data to measure the market opportunity. If it can be assumed that the plant site is located close to major users, so that reasonable freight cost will be available, then plant size should be aimed to capture "\QQ* of the glass melt volume on a two shift basis. It must also be assumed that the F.O.B. mill selling price plus freight and product specifications are competitive. The plant size should be sufficient to capture at least 50* or more of the total glass melt tonnage available to enable the operations to aggressively seek both foundry and non-foundry tonnage at competitive prices but at a much higher selling price, for a better net R.O.I.
Experience has proven that silica at glass melt specifications, can be used to supply foundry and non-foundry users at an attractive profit. Plant sizing, designed to capture other than glass melt markets, as the primary objective, has not been successful to date.
5.4 Selected Criteria for a Viable Silica Deposit; The facts elicited in this report suggests a few of the key factors that must be considered if a silica deposit is to be successfully developed: o silica deposits should be located close to major glass melt users
destinations for lowest possible freight costs plus back-haul
opportunities. o silica deposits should have minimum over-burden, good source of process water, close proximity to rail and highway systems. Page 24
o silica deposits should be simple to mine and process. If the formation is
sandstone or the sand is intermixed with other materials, these should
offer other industrial minerals opportunities to keep silica process costs
as low as possible. o silica desposits should be high Chemical Purity and consistent with the
Physical size range from 30 to 150 grain fineness. Grain shape should be
Natural Rounded Whole Grain to Natural Sub Angular Whole Grain.
5.5 Conclusions;
Only 15,265 tons of the 877,165 tons of silica identified as being consumed in Northern Ontario is used in non-fluxing applications. This silica is a sand utilized for foundry and non-foundry applications.
15,000 tons is not sufficient to justify the opening of a deposit and the multimillion dollar investment required to prepare the range of products demanded by industry.
Most of the remaining 863,400 tons of silica produced is for metallurgical fluxing and is mined by the consuming non-ferrous smelters.
The largest markets for high quality silica sand are in southern
Ontario, too distant from northern Ontario deposits, in my opinion, for a northern producer to compete effectively.
This Report Respectfully Submitted
Joseph Banigan, Consultant
Project: 61-2430 December 1983 25
ABBREVIATIONS
AFS/A6F American Foundry Society/Average Grain Fineness (Number) Angular N.V.6. Angular Natural Whole Grain CNT Can Not Tolerate F.O.B. Free On Board (loaded) Rd.N.W.G. Rounded Natural Whole Grain S/A N.W.G. Sub Angular Natural Whole Grain T.P.7 Tons Per Tear U.S.SV. Standard U.S. Sieve (number) S.O*. Self Unloading
Chemical Symbols;
CaO Calcium Oxide A1203 Alumina Oxide L.O.I. Loss On Ignition Fe203 Ferrous (Iron) Oxide Si02 Silicon Dioxide HgO Magnesium Oxide Titanium Oxide APPENDIX l
SELECTED LIST OF
SILICA USES Selected List of Silica Uses Page 2 7
Ground sand as an abrasive Sand as an absorbent Agricultural sands Sand for annealing Ground sand for asbestos shingles Sand for asphalt pavements Sand for asphaltic flooring Backing sand Sand as a ballast for ships Banding sand Sand bedding for stock cars Brass sand Sand for clay brick Sand for brick molding Sand for silica brick Sand for sand-lime brick Brick pavements sand Ground sand for joint filler Sand for cement grout Sand for bitumen Burnishing sand Sand for the manufacture of silicon carbide Sand for cements Sand for chemical purposes Coking sand Sand for concrete Core sand Sand for cuspidors and ashtrays Cutting and sawing sand Sand for dental purposes Sand for dispelling fog Sand for enameling Engine sand or traction sand Sand for erasers Sand for explosives Facing sand for foundry use Sand for facing tile and brick Sand for making ferro-silicon and other silicon alloys Sand as a fertilizer filler Sand as a filler for plastic Sand for filling mines Facing sand for foundry use Filter sand Fire sand Floor sand Sand as a flux in metallurgy Friction sand Sand for making fused silica Furnance and fire sand Glass sand Sand for making glazes Sand for golf tees, traps, and golf ball cleaning Selected List of Silica Pses - Cont'd
Grinding and polishing sand Sand for grinding wheels Horticultural sands Hour-glass sand Sand for use on icy streets and walks Sand for loam mixtures Sand for matches Sand as a moisture pad Silica or sand mold wash Holding sand for foundry use Mortar sand Sand for use in paint manufacture Parting sand Placing sand Sand for plasters Sand for plugging oil wells Polishing sand Sand for use in the manufacture of pottery Poultry and bird grit sand Sand as railroad ballast Sand for railroad fills Sand for refractory mortars and cements Sand for refractory ware Roofing sand Saggar or placing sand Sand for sandbags Sand-blast sand Sand for sand baths Sand-clay roads Sand for sand finishing painted surfaces Sand for sand finishing plaster walls Sand paper Sand for sand piles Sand for sand seals Sand for sand tables Sawing sand Scouring sand Setting sand Sand for sidewalks Sand for making silicon Sand for use in soaps Sand for making sodium silicate (water glass) Sand for stone-block pavements Sand for stucco Sand for sweeping compounds Sand in tar and roofing paper Sand for terrazzo floors Sand for testing detonators Testing sand: Standard Ottawa sand Tumbling sand Sand for welding Sand for wood-block pavements Source: J.B. Lamar, Bulletin No. S3, State Geological Survey, Illinois, 1927 29
APPENDIX 2
Northern Ontario Silica Users
All Types
CALL LIST 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario Page 30 Sudbury Area: Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Abraflei Ltd., Valley East Ind. Pk., (705)897-6741 Mahnry Cleang No - Local Val Caron Very Small Very small [Pit Sand] Chenard Ind. Paintg. d Sandblastg., (705)892-5044 Painting fc No - Not at Walden Ind. Pt., Lively No Answer Sandblasting this location Falconbridge Ltd., Administration: (705)693-2761 Copper, Zinc, Yes - Loc.- Q Commerce Crt. W., Civic Centre Onaping: J.Weglo Gold, Silver Pits - Gravel Toronto, 863-7000 Sudbury - Dir. (705)966-3411 Lead, Nickel Flux, Sand Envirmtl. Fisher Block, R.R.tfl, Skead Rd., (705)693-2757 Concrete Block No - Loc. Pit Garson i S/B Inco Limited, Administration: (705)682-5433 Copper, Zinc, Yes - Loc. Q First Cdn. Place Scotia Tower, (705)675-8560 Gold, Silver, Pits - Gravel Toronto, 361-7511 Sudbury, Iron Ore - Copper Cliff Lead, Nickel, Flux, Sand R. Rivers, E. Nicholson Platinoids, Iron Ore Kerr Addison Nines Ltd., 71 Lorne St. S. (705)673-1335 Gold, Uranium, No - Only Commerce Crt. V., Sudbury, - See Kirkland L. Silver, Copper, Uranium Toronto, 867-7270 Virginiatown Zinc, Pyrite Espanola, Act Espanola - Uranium - No Con. Long Lac Mineral Explrtn., 6 Birch Cres. 005)858-1588 Explrtn. Div. No 2105 North Tower Capreol Little Long Lac, Royal Bank Plaza, Toronto - 865-0722 Lakeshore, Willroy etc. Hyrgold Resources Inc., S.Camp Bay, (705)894-2024 Gold No Gogama Norev Sandblasting Ltd., Heina Rd., (705)693-3974 Sandblasting No - Local Garson Shelly Sandblasting Co., Haley Dr., (705)560-1030 Sandblasting No - Local Sudbury Zamba Co. Ltd., (No Address White or (705)522-2698 Sandblasting No - Local Yellow Pages) Sudbury Warren Indstrl. Feldspar Inc., 2008 (705)560-0343 Listed Sand Not In Prodtn Lasalle St. Sudbury Supplier C.H. Heist (Canada) Ltd., 145 Fielding (705)682-2808 Sand Blstg. Yes - Sand Q Rd., Copper Cliff Painting B. HcDowell Equipt. Ltd., 2018 Kingway, (705)566-8190 Sandblst. No Sudbury Equipment 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. Page 31 Sudbury Area (Cont'd.): Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Agnew Lake Nines Ltd., Espanola (Not Listed) Uranium No - This Hine Commerce Crt. Vest Peter Bojtos is Closed Toronto - 867-7270 Project Engr. The E.fi. Eddy Co., H.O. Espanola (Pit) 244-5210 Paper Packaging No Hull, Quebec (613)725-6750 (Purchasing) Forest Products Neelon Castings Ltd., R.R.01, (705) 565-1610 Iron, Steel Yes - See Foundry Rd., Sudbury, P.J. Kennedy, Pres., Castings Questionnaire V.S. Berr, 6.N.
Sault Ste. Marie Area; Denison Nines Ltd., Royal Bk. Plaza 6. Ouimet, P.A. Uranium Yes - Haintnce Toronto, 865-1991 Elliott Lake A.C. Riskaby, 6M Conract Only Rio Algora Limited, 367-4000 Elliott Lake Uranium No 120 Adelaide St. V., Toronto P.A. Carloss, VP/GM Algoma Steel Corp. Ltd., (705)945-2351 Fred Oswin, Asst. Steel Mfr. Yes - See Queen Street V., Sault Ste. Marie 6M Pureh., Questionnaire 6.J. Cupido, Genl. Fmn. Fdry. E. Ault Limited (705)256-2761 Edward Ault, Pres Sandblast No B.B. - See 75 Parkdale Dr., Sault Ste. Narie Ronald Ault, GH Contractor Questionnaire C.H. Heist (Canada) Ltd., (705)942-0400 Sandbltg.. fc Yes - See 558 Cathcart St., Sault Ste. Marie Graham Bewes, Ngr Paintg. Contr. Questionnaire Havdon Mobile Veldg. d Sandblastg. (705)942-4751 Veldg. i Sand- Yes - Buys 353 Moody St., Sault Ste. Marie Ken Hawdon, Prop blasting from Soo Fdry fc Mach. Percy's Painting fc Sandblasting Ltd, (705)254-3531 Sandblastg. 6 Yes - Buys 570 Dundas St., Sault Ste. Marie Percy Horowitz Painting Contr. from Soo Fdry. Prop. 6 Machine Soo Foundry b Machine (1980) Ltd., (705)256-7456 Pdry/Machine Yes - See 215 Drive In Rd., Sault Ste. Marie Rolf Rudolphe - Shop Bronze fc Questionnaire Pres. Alum. Castings Steel Sandblasters Co. Ltd., (705)254-5668 Sandblast Contr Yes - Sand 347 River Road, Sault Ste. Marie (Algoma Steel Buys from Corp.) Others Ronabie Nines (1981) Ltd. Nissanabi Mine Closed No - M.N.R, Hearst 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. Pace 32 Sault Ste. Marie Area - Cont'd.: Company Marne/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Abitibi Price Inc. - Sault Ste. Karie F.L. Baldwin Pulp fit Paper No - Checked T-D Centre, Toronto 369-6880 Financial Div. Hfr. Plant Hgr.
Ministry of Transportation fc Keele St. at Lets Hwy Bridge Normal - 10 Communications, Dr. R.A. Dorton, Wilson, Downsview Sandblstg. fit Bridges Annua- 141 Centre Bldg., 248-3516 Painting lly. Only 4 J.H. Davidson, 2nd. FI. W. Bldg. 248-3654 ~ Contract Dept. Contracts in 1982 HcPherson-Andrews Contracting Ltd., Michael McPherson Sandblastg. fc Yes - Does Scarborough t Uxbridge 431-6098 t Pres. Painting Bridges S&N 261-8986 Contractor Ontario
Note; This Contractor frequently successful bidder for MT&C Tenders fc has earned excellent reputation based on past performance. Buys Silica Sand requirements from Southern Ontario Distributors fc takes delivery both at job sites and at his warehouse. Estimate 200 tons 1983 Bridges.
North Bay Area; Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Alcan Equipment Rentals Ltd., (705)474-5501 Dealer fc Sand- Yes - See 790 HcKeown Ave., North Bay Hechnl.Suprvsr. blasting Contr. Questionnaire Ed Richardson, Larry's Auto Body St Truck Rentals Ltd. (705)472-7777 Dealer t Sand- Yes - See 475 Wallace Road, North Bay D'AnjoJosefowieh, blasting Contr. Questionnaire Pres. NorthBay Railing fit Wrought Iron (705)474-2349 Dealer i Sand- Yes - See Products Ltd., 795 Main St. E., 474-4433, blasting Contr. Questionnaire North Bay Frank Valente, Pres. Nordfibre Co., Eloy Rd., P.O. Box 910 (705)474-2800 Wood Fibre Yes - See Hwy. #17 West, North Bay H. Hartinello, Products, Water Questionnaire Plant Mgr. Treatmt/Filter Rahn Metals i Plastics Ltd., (705)474-0410 Pit Foundry fc Yes - See 141 Regina Street, North Bay D.H. Harris, Mgr. Plastic Questionnaire Injection Moldg. Ron's Welding Service Ltd. (705) 474-7880 Welding i Sand- Yes - Sand 40 Exeter Street, North Bay Ron Yerkfe, Prop, blastg. Contr. P.U.-N.Bay Railg. t W.I. 2.4 Call List - Silica Pses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. 33 North Bay Area Cont'd.; Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type MacHillan Bloedel, Sturgeon Falls, (705)753-2170 Wood Fibre No 50 Oak St., tfeston 244-1741 Rocco Dipasquale Board Mfr. P.A. Plant Cliffs of Canada Ltd., Temagami Sherman Hine Iron Ore fit No (Dofasco Ltd.) Hamilton 1-544-3761 B.W. Taylor, Hine Pelletizing Hgr. Plant Pan Empire Hine Ltd., Cobalt Pansilver Ptnrsbp Silver Tailings No - Chemical 365 Bay Street, Toronto - 863-9777 Reprocessing Pit Teck Corporation Ltd., Silverfields J.L. Hopper, P.A. Silver Tailings No - Chemical Di?., First Cdn. Place, Toronto Plant Closed Reprocessing Pit. 862-7102 Agnico-Eagle Nines ltd., Suite 300, G.W. Rinc, Hgr. Silver fit Tailgs No - Chemical 365 Bay St., Toronto - 363-6367 200 Ferland Ave. Cobalt (705)679-8679 Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd., Suite 300, Giroux Lake Hine Silver fit Tailgs No - Chemical 365 Bay St., Toronto - 363-6367 (705)679-5907, Reprocessing Cobalt Plant Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd., Suite 300 Langis Silver Silver fit Tailgs No - Chemical 365 Bay St., Toronto - 363-6367 Hine (705)4494 Reprocessing Plant Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd., Suite 300 Gowganda Silver Silver fit Tailgs No - Chemical 365 Bay St., Toronto - 363-6367 Hine No. 3196 Reprocessing Plant Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd., Suite 300 Teraishaming Hine Silver fit Tailgs No - Chemical 365 Bay St., Toronto - 363-6367 Coleman Township Reprocessing Pit. Cobalt (705)679-8633
Cobalt. Haileybury. Englehart E Kirkland Lake Areas: Canadaka Mines Ltd., Div. Sulpetro (705)679-6944 Silver Tailings No - Chemical 478 Main St., Haileybury Coleman Township Reprocessing Plant Canadaka Hines Ltd., Div. Sulpetro (705)679-8210 Silver fc Tailgs No - Chemical 478 Hain St., Haileybury Coleman Township Reprocessing Plant Hudson Bay Hines Ltd., Paget Prop. (705)647-5122 Silver fit Gold No P.O. Box 700, New Liskeard 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. Page 34 Cobalt. Haileybury. Englehart St Kirkland Lake Areas Cont'd.: Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Hinopros Ltd., - Lakeshore (705)647-6267 Silver i Gold No New Liskeard Hurgold Resources Inc., Cobalt (705)679-8686 Gillies Lake No Gold Pansliver Partnership, Haileybury (705)672-5700 Silver, Gold No Peerless Silver fc Cobalt Explorations 2410 Gowganda Silver, Cobalt No Ltd. Saber Resources Ltd., 8 6 Ave., Englehart (705)544-2557 Silver* Cobalt Sulpetro Mineral Div., Con. 4, Lot 3, (705)679-5944 Silver, Cobalt No Coleman Township Sulpetro Minerals Ltd., 478 Main St., (7050672-2209 Silver, Cobalt no Haileybury, 2161 Yonge St., Suite 301, 482-5422 Leo King Toronto Extender Minerals of Can. Ltd., (705)565-2323 Silver, Gold No 6365 Northwest Dr., Malton, 677-8515 Matachewan Canadian Smelting Ct Refining (1974) Ltd. A.O. Martel Pit. Silver Refining No - Chemical P.O. Box 680, Cobalt Manager Cliffs of Canada Ltd., Kirkland Lake Adams Mine, J.F. Iron Ore d No (Dofasco Ltd.) Hamilton 1-544-3761 Vest, Hgr. Pelletizing U.S. Berr GH 2521 Plant Jomi Minerals i Expediting Ltd., (705)642-3524 Consultants No Marquis Rd., R.R.ll, Tarzwell Swastika Kerr Addison Mines Ltd., 867-7270 (705)634-2121 Gold Yes - Flux Commerce Crt. W., Toronto, P.S. Cross Virginiatown M-A Hedman Mines Ltd., P.O. Box 590, (705)273-27797 Asbestos No J.J. Mangan GM, Larder Lake 2668 Matheson Serpentine (705)264-3709 Lac Minerals Ltd., Hacassa Div. (705)567-5209 Gold Yes - Flux H-A Royal Bank PI. Toronto, Kirkland Lake Government Rd.V. J. Martell-PA M-A Villroy Mines Ltd. Hacassa Div. (705)567-5208 Gold Yes - Flux Mines - Assay Supplies Ltd., (705)567-3346 Supply Dealer Yes - Flux 31 Stations Road, Kirkland Lake G.J. Ryan, GM See Questionnr. fit Flour 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. 35 Timmins, Cochrane Area; Company Mane/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type D&S Sandblasting Lot 105 1/2 Con. 5 (705)647-8484 Sandblasting Yes - Sand Dymond Township H-A Cominco Ltd., 120 Adelaide St. V. Timmins No Hine Here No Toronto - 869-1850 (705)267-1022 Office Only Detour Lake (Dome), 133/101 Hall Timmins Gold, Silver, No - Kidd (705)267-8448 Zinc Creek Nines Diepdawme Mines Ltd., Preston Nines S. Porcupine Gold No - Kidd 4 Kins St. V., Toronto (705)235-5450 Creek Nines Hollinger Argus Ltd., 637 Algonguin E. Timmins Gold No - Kidd Commerce Court E., Toronto - 868-0455 (705)264-1313 Gold Creek Nines Kidd Creek Mines Ltd., Hwy 101 E. Timmins Silver, Copper, Yes - Use Own Commerce Crt. V., Toronto - 869-1200 (705)235-7320 Lead, Zinc Tailings (See Questionnr.) Cadm., Tin Noranda Nines Ltd., Langmuir Mines Timmins Nickel No Commerce Crt. W., Toronto - 867-7111 (705)264-5306 Pamour Porcupine Mines Ltd., Schumaker (705)267-1141 Copper Yes - Kidd Commerce Crt., V., Toronto - 867-7222 K.Blair - PA Creek Nines Lyon Lake Placer Development Ltd., Lot 8 Con. 6 Mountjoy Twp., Copper Yes - Kidd 401 Bay St., Toronto - 363-0168 Timmins Creek Nines (705)264-1067 Samin Canada Ltd., 36 Maple St. Timmins Gold Yes - Kidd 130 Adelaide St. V., Toronto - 863-0168 (705)264-0414 Creek Nines Steetley Talc Ltd., 637 Algonquin E.. Timmins Talc No (705)264-2208 Texas Gulf Metals Co., Subsd. Tezasgulf Owns/Operates See: Kidd Creek Nines Ltd. Inc., Commerce Crt., V., Toronto Kidd Creek Mines J.V. HacDonnell 869-1200 Ltd., Timmins Selco Inc., 63 Elliott Ave., Cochrane (705)662-7461 Copper, Zinc, No - Noranda 55 University Ave.. Toronto - 361-0794 Lead, Silver Que. Smelter Mining Corp. of Canada Ltd., South Porcupine Nine Constrn. No Commerce Crt. V., Toronto Joburke Hine 6 Development (705)231-8161 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. 36 Timmins, Cochrane Area Cont'd.: Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Abitibi Price Inc., Iroquois Falls 369-6880 Pulp Ci Paper No T-D Centre, Toronto, Smooth Rock Falls F.L. Baldwin Mf r. Financial Div. Pulp d Paper No Mf r. Kimberly Clark of Canada Ltd., 968-5600 Pulp Ci Paper No - Closed 365 Bloor St. E., Kapuskasing Purchasing Mf r. Toronto, Long Lac Department Pulp C* Paper No Mf r.
Northwestern Area; M.J. Nadeau Sandblasting, S/B (705)335-3307 Local - Dune 2-122 Byng. Ave., ' Kapuskasing Kimberly Clark of Can. Ltd, 968-5600 Purch. Pulp d Paper No 365 Bloor St. E., Toronto Terrace Bay Department Mf r. James River Marathon Paper Marathon Plant Pulp Ci Paper No Mf r. Domtar Inc., 6789 Airport Rd., Malton 671-7300 Pulp d Paper No Red Rock Mf r. Spruce Falls Power C* Paper Co., Ltd. (705)337-1311 Pulp Ci Paper No Kapuskasing Mf r. 2 Carleton St., Toronto - 977-0211 Gordon Munnoch PA Pancontinental Mining (Can.) Ltd., Beardmore Gold No 365 Bay St., Toronto - 863-9777 (807) 875-2251 Noranda Mines Ltd., (705)826-3211 Copper, Zinc, No Geco Div., Commerce Crt. V., Manitouwadge Silver, Lead Toronto - 867-7111 P.A. Mckeon Teck Corporation Ltd., Beardmore Gold - Refine Yes - Plan Use First Cdn. Place, Toronto - 862-7102 J.6. Hymas with Tailings Own Silica Geological Engr. Rozmark Mines Ltd., Hwy. f11, Geraldton (807)854-0441 Zinc, Lead No Abitibi Price Inc., Thunder Bay F.L. Baldwin Pulp Ci Paper No T-D Centre, Toronto - 369-6880 Financial Div. Mf r. Great Lakes Forest Products, Thunder Bay (807)475-2110 Pulp Ci Paper Yes - Maint. 155 Rezdale Blvd., Rezdale - 742-5060 R. Louis Purch. Mf r. Dryden 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd, PaRe 37 northwestern Area Cont'd.: Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type A to Z Rentals Sales fii Service (807)622-7333 Tool Rental Yes - See 960 Cobalt Cres., Thunder Bay A. Hoard GH Sandblast Sand Questionnaire Anderson Don Contracting Ltd., (807)345-8036 Sandblasting (Yes) Uses P.O. Box 2060, Thunder Bay Don Anderson, d Painting Black Beauty Prop. Contr. Aqua Mobile Powerwash Service (807)345-8036 Chemical Bldg. No 760 Community Hall Rd., Thunder Bay Ken Lawrence Cleaning Service Bud's Mobile Wash fit Hi. Pr. Cleans. (807)344-3276 Chemical Bldg. No 177 Munro St., Thunder Bay (Answering Cleaning Service service) Clara Industrial Services Ltd., (807)577-7546 Sandblasting fit (Yes) Uses 1130 Commerce St., Thunder Bay Roland Turcotte, Painting Contr. Black Beauty Manager Commerce Auto Body fit Painting (807)577-8343 Body Repair No - Uses 1060 Commerce St., Thunder Bay fit Paint Chemicals Falconbridge Limited, (807)345-3218 Sales/Service No 851 Field St., Thunder Bay Yellow Pgs-Mines Office Falconbridge Copper, (807)623-1511 Sales/Service No 2606 Victoria Ave.. E., Thunder Bay Yellow Pgs-Mines Office Fort Gary Industries Ltd., (807)577-5724 . Mining Hachnry No 915 Walsh St. W., Thunder Bay Yellow Pages - 4 Supplies Mining Supplies Hawker-Siddeley Canada, Inc. (807)577-8431 Rail, Bus, No - Use Can-Car Di?., Montreal St., Thunder Bay Street Car Mfr, Chemicals Geo.O.Hi11 Supply Ltd., (807)623-4447 Indust. Supply (Yes) Sells 712 Balmoral St., Thunder Bay Geo.0.Hill, Pres Harry Feser, Black, Beauty Sales Questionnaire Intercity Industrial Supply (1980)Ltd., (807)344-5875 Indust. Supply Yes - Selkirk 669 Squire St., Thunder Bay Al. Chalat, GM See Questionn, Inco Metals Co., Ontario Division (807) 926-2143 Shebandowan No Mine Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd., (807)623-4339 N.V.Ont.Mines No P.O. Box 2656, 960 Alloy Drive, Yellow Pgs.-Mines Thunder Bay 2.4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. 38 Northwestern Area Cont'd.: Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Noranda Mines Ltd. (807)344-0794 N.V.Ont.Mines No 179 Algoma St. S., Thunder Bay Yellow Pgs.-Mines Admin. Office Northern Concentrators Ltd., (807)683-3351 Ore Concentra- No 186 Shipyard Road, Thunder Bay Yellow Pgs.-Mines tors fit Contr. Port Arthur Ship Bldg. Co., (807)683-6261 Ship Bldg. fit (Yes) Use P.O. Box 2690, Thunder Bay David Ford - PA Repairs/Dry Black Beauty Dock. Questionnaire Regal Mobile Services Ltd., (807)345-8422 Truck, Crane d No - Use Steam Rear 615 Squire St., Thunder Bay Hach. Cleaning fc Chemicals Service Turcotte Painting Ltd., (807)345-6242 Sandblast d (Yes) Uses 170 Powley St., Thunder Bay H.F. Jones-Pres. Paintg. Contr. Black Beauty - Clara Woodside Machinists fc Foundry Ltd., (807)344-1451 Fdry d Machine Yes - Local 173 Manitou St., Thunder Bay Robt. Newsome Shop - Small Beach Quest. Selco Inc., 1173 Holland St., (807)623-3248 Copper, Zinc, No - Noranda Thunder Bay, 55 University Ave., Silver,(Silver) P.2 - Europe Toronto 361-0794 Mine - Ear Falls Chemical fc (Zinc) Willroy Mines Ltd., Manitouwadge (705)826-3235 Copper, Zinc, No Lead, Silver
Northwestern Area - West of Thunder Bay: Steep Rock Iron Mines Ltd., Atikokan (807)597-2711 Iron Ore fc No - Checked 40 University Ave., Toronto - 977-1439 Pelltizing Pit Toronto Office Continental Painting - Fort Frances (807)274-9466 Sandblasting Yes - Selkirk 1211 Colonization Rd., W. fit Painting fit Clara - BB Northwestern Painting (807)274-7544 Sandblasting Yes - Selkirk P.O. Box 25, Fort Frances l Painting 6 Clara - BB Greif Containers Inc. (807)274-3230 Paper Board No - Checked - 840 5 Street V., Fort Frances Products Mfr. Grt.LakesPaper Boise Cascade Canada Ltd., Fort Frances Pulp fc Paper No - Checked - 3300 Bloor St. V.. Toronto - 231-3010 Kenora Mf r. No Grt. Lakes Paper Carver Painting fc Sandblasting (807)468-7975 Sandblasting Yes - Selkirk 339 2nd St. S., Kenora Painting 6 Clara - BB 2,4 Call List - Silica Uses In Northern Ontario - Cont'd. 39 Northwestern Area - Vest of Thunder Bay; Company Name/Address Phone/Contact Business User/Type Rite-Way Decorators (807)468-6510 Sandblasting Tes - Selkirk 535 Fifth St. N.. Kenora Painting fit Clara - BB Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd., (807)749-4511 Gold No - Checked Madson Hine Site, Nadson (Red Lake) Thunder Bay Office Goldlund Nines Ltd., Echo Twp. (807)938-6879 Gold No First Cdn. Place, Toronto (Wabigoon) Hattabi Nines Ltd., 867-7111 (807)934-2291 Zinc, Copper, No Commerce Crt. W., Toronto - J. Bird PA (Sturgeon Lake) Silver, Lead Omex Corp. Ltd./Onion Hiniere Can. Ltd. (807)584-2229 Copper No 1935 Leslie St., Toronto - 445-8832 (Savant Lake) Pan Empire Joint Venture, Beardmore (807)875-2251 Gold No Sherrit Gordon Nines Ltd., (807)223-5365 Gold Other No Commerce Crt. V., Toronto - 363-9241 (Dryden)
Campbell Red Lake Nines Ltd. (807)735-2075 Gold No First Cdn. Place, Toronto - 364-3453 (Balmertown) Dickenson Nines Ltd., 6.R. Green - PA (807)735-2077 Gold No 65 Queen St. V., Toronto - 361-0402 (Balmertown) Hilanour Resources Ltd., 865-0005 J. Robertson, Gold No - Closed Royal Bank Plaza, Toronto F. Heikle, Wilmar - Red Lake APPENDIX 3
Principal Silica Suppliers
To Ontario Industries PRINCIPAL SILICA SUPPLIERS TO ONTARIO INDUSTRIES: Page 41 1. Ontario Distributors: See Appendix 5, Page 112. 2. Ontario Producers: - B-Mac Silicon Aggregates Ltd., Hwy.f11 South, Bracebridge, POB ICO (705)645-2600 - Indusmin Ltd., 365 Bloor St. E., Toronto, H4W 3L4 (416)967-1900 Ontario Silica Division Plant, P.O. Box 220, Midland, L4R 4K8 (705)526-5479 - Lakeshore Sand Co., P.O. Box 3125, Stn. C., Hamilton, LBH 7K6 (416)547-3571 3. U.S. Producers/Distributors: - Badger Sand Co., P.O. Box 97, Hwy. 49 S A, Fairvater, Vi. 53931 (414)398-2395 - Walter C. Best Inc., P.O. Box 87-T, Chardon, O. 44024 (216)944-9222 - C.E. Minerals, Combustion Engineering Inc., 901 East Eighth Ave., King of Prussia, Pa. 19406 (215)265-6880 - Central Silica Co., 806 Market St.. Zanesville, O. 43701 (614)452-2775 - Great Lakes Minerals Co., 2855 Coolidge Hwy., Suite 202, (313)649-3700 Troy, Mi. 48084 - Martin Marietta Aggregates, Industrial Sand Division., (312)577-8888 Suite 500, 2 Crossroads of Commerce, Rolling Meadows, II., 60008
- Ottawa Silica Co., P.O. Box 577, Ottawa, II., 61350 (815)434-0188
- Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp., 222 Three Penn Centre, (412)243-7500 Pittsburg, Pa., 15235 - George F. Pettinos Inc., 123 Coulter Are., Ardmore, Pa. (215)649-6210 19003 - Resin Sands Inc., l Vail St., P.O. Box 636, Ogdensburg, (315)393-7880 N.Y., 13669 - Unimin Corp., 50 Locust Are., New Canaan, Ct., 06480 (203)966-8880 - Whitehead Brothers Co., 66 Hanover Road, Florham Park, (201)377-9100 N.J., 07932 4. Manitoba Producers; - Steel Brothers Canada Ltd., Selkirk Minerals Division, (204)475-9834 650 Main St., Selkirk, Manitoba RIA 2C3 5. Sandblast Media - (Substitute); - H.B. Reed fc Co. Inc., 8149 Kennedy Ave.. Highland, (219)923-4200 In. 46322