Durham E-Theses

Phytosociological studies in the southern Isles of

Hilliam, Judith

How to cite: Hilliam, Judith (1977) Phytosociological studies in the southern Isles of Shetland, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9637/

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Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk '··:...... ~: ·• HEATH SITES.

RELEVE NO. LOCATION. GRID REF.

001 Hill of Skellister, North Mainland. HU 463556 046 . Greentaing, . HU 342642 047 II II II II 094 Soolmis Vird, North Mainland. HU 320731 096 II II II II II 097 II II II II II 098 Loch of Burraiand, North Mainland. 099 II II. II II II 101 : II II II II II 102 Ham.ars of Burraland, North Mainland. HU 333754 104 Loch of Stram, Mainland. Hu· 402492. 107 caa Field, Esh.a Ness, Mainland. HU·245821 112 Gluss Water,Esha Ness, Mainland~ HU'. 253868 113 II II II II II II ;1.14 II II II II II II 115 II II II II II II 124 Hurdi Fiel~ _Walls, Mainland. HU 261564 126 The Wards, walls, Mainland(site 1) HU 267565 128 II II II II II 1~9 II II II II II 130 The wards, walls, Mainland(site 2) HU 269565 131 II II II II II 132 · Hollorin, walls. Mainland. HU 277562 · 133 II II II II 165 Loch of Stram, Mainland. HU 401492 169 II II II II 178 Mossbank, , Mainland. HU 445746 179 II II II II 180 II II II II 211 Setter, . HU 511422 212 II II II .. 213 ·II II II 214 II II II 215 II II II 216 II II II· 231 Catfirth, Nesting, Mainland. HU 4385-38 232 II II II II 234 II II II II 311 -~~untland, Bressay. HU 515428 312 II II II 313 II II II 315 II II II i 316 . Burn of valayre, Delting, Mainland. HU 374692 .I 318 . ·II II II. II II 319 II II II II II 321 Bu;rn of valayre, Delting, ·Mainland~ HU. 370694 322 II II II II II 323 II II II II II 334 ·Wl'lite Ness, Mainland. HU 385446 ~., ...___ .. )

RELEVE NO. LOCATION. · GRID ~EF.

335 Wh·ite Ness, Mainland. HU"385446 361 Fugla Water, Lunna Ness, Mainland. HU 505721 364 II II II II II II 365 II II II II II II 366 II II II II II II 367 II II II II II II 368 II II II II II II 369 Loch of Setterness, Lunna Ness,_Mainla~d HU 487697 370 II II II II II II 371 .II II II II II II 373 II II II II II II 374 II II II II II II 375 II II II II II II 376 II II II II II II 37"7 S.Hill of Lunna, Lunnasting, Mainland. HU 477677 378 II II II II II 37-9 II II II II II 661 Burda Field, North Mainland. HU 337702 662 II II II II II 663 II II II II II 664 II II II II II 665 II II II II II 667 II II II II II 668 II II II II II 701 Braga, . HU 535624 702 II II II 703 II II II 704 II II II 707 II II II 708 II II II 709 II II II 733 Sumburgh· Head,South Mainland(site !) HU 408085 734 II II II II II II 735 II II II II II II 736 II II II II II II 737 The_Cornpass, Surnburgh, Mainland. HU 407090 · 738 II II II II 739 The Compass, Surnburgh, Mainland. HU 407095 740 II II II II II 741 II II II ..... 742 II II II 823 Sandness, Walls, Mainland. HU 194572 824 II II II II 825 II II II II 828 II II II II 833 Stanevatstoe Hill, Walls, Mainland. HU 20955~3" 834 II II II II II 835 II· II II" II " 836 II II II II II 849 Bridge of Walls,Walls, Mainland. HU 273514

850 II II II II II \ -.. ..- .. .-.~··

RELEVE NO. LOCATION. GRID REF.·

907 Roga Field, North Mainland. HU 323838 908 II II II II II 909 II II II II II 912 II II II II II 913 II II II II II 914 II II II II II 915 II II II II II 916 II II II II II 917 II II II II II 918 II II II II II 921 Collafirth Hill, North Mainland(site 1) HU 330836 922 II II II II II II 923 II II II II II II 924 Collafirth Hill, North Mainland{site 2) HU 333838 925 II II II II II II 926 II II II II II II 928 II II II II II II 929 II II II II II II 930 II II II II· II II "944 (east) HU 464235 955 The Burr, Esha Ness, Mainland. HU 216806 ·TABLE 5.8 Syntaxa: heath communities.

58: Polytrichum formosum heaths. Nardo-Juncetum sq:uarrosi ." (5.::..8 • 2·.1) 59: Wet heath. Narthecio-Ericetum tetralicis.(5.8.2.2) 60: Sphagnum capillaceum Gommunity.

Empetrum~Rhytidiadelihus loreus Ass.

juncetosum· sq.uarro'si .•.. (.S .8. 2 ~ 3.1) 61: Wet Rhacomitrium heath. Erico-Sphagnetum magellanici,

subass. Molinia caerulea.(5.8.2.3.2.p~p.) 62: Wet Rhacomitrium heath.

Erico-Sp~agnetum magellanici, typical .subassociation. ( 5. 8. 2. 3 .. 2 .p .p.) . 63: Wet Rhacomitrium heath. Erico-Sphagnetum magellanici, subass. Cladonia uncialis.(5.8.2.3.2.p.p.) 64: Speci s poor Agrostis tenuis heaths.

Ericeto-Cari~etum binervis.(5.8.2.4.1) . 65: carex pilulifera community. Ericeto-Caricetum binervis, Shetland race.(5.8.2.4.2) 66: Maritime heaths·- ·Plantago ma;ritima nodum. Ericeto-Caricetum binervis.(5.8.2.4.3) 67: Montane heaths. Cladineto-Callunetum typicum(5.8.2.5.p.p.). 68: Montane heaths. . . Cladineto-callunetum sylvaticosum.(5.8.2.5.p.p.) 69: Montane. heaths. t·ransi tiona! nodum between Cladineto-Callunetum typicum and Arctoeto-Callunetum.(5.8.2.5.p.p.) 70: MontanE! heaths. Ericeto-Caricetum binervis,. subass .. Viola riviniana.(5.8.2.5.p.p.) •••• 2.

71: Heath flushes - carex demissa facies. Pinguiculo-Caricetum dioicae.(5.8.2.6.p.p.) 72: Heath flushes - carex hostiana facies. Pinguiculo-Caricetum dioicae.(5.8.2.6.p.p.) 271 LECIDEA GRANULOSA 272 LECIDIA ULIGINOSA 273 EPILOBIUtJ. PALUSTRE 274 CIRRIPHYLLUM PILIFERUM 275 PEL LI A --- FABBR_f;_N:I ANA -- 276 DJCRANELLA FUSESCENS 277 PHILONOTIS FONTANA 278 FISSIDENS TAX!FOLIUS 279 ANGEL I C/.1 SYLVESTRIS 280 WEISSIA MICRCSTCMA 281 BARBULA FALLA X 282 eAR BUL A RECURVIRO.STRA 283 EUPHRASIA FOULAENSIS 284 POLYPODIUM VULGARE 285 EUPHRASIA CONFUSA 286 FRULLANIA FRAGJFOLIA 287 PTYCOMITRIUM POLVPHYLLUM 288 PARMELIA GL ABRATULA 289 SOR RUS AUCUPAR I A 290 LON I CERA PERICLYMENUM 291 SAL I X AURIT A 292 VICIA SE PlUM

##------·------·----·-·--"':"------·------## 211 RHIZOGEOCARPON GEOGRAPHY CUM 212 SPHAEROPHORUS FRAGILIS 213 XANTHOR I A PARIETJNA 214 PLEUROZJUM SCHREBERI 215 CARE X -=~CHJ~ATA 216 13ARBILOPHOZIA HATCI-'ER I .217 CAflrl PYL OPUS PYRIFORMIS 218 CAr4PYLOPUS BREVIPILUS 219 HYPNUM TYPICLJIV, 220 ORO SERA ROTUNDIFOLIA 221 ELEOCHAP.IS PALUSTRIS 222 EQUISEillM PA LUS·T~E ·.. 223 PEDJCULARIS SP 224 PEDICULARIS PALUSTR IS 225 CAMPYLLI UM STELLATUM \ ... 226 CEPHALOZIA CONN IVENS 227 CERATODON PURPUP.EUS 228 DICRANUM FUSCE SC ENS 229 GYMNOCOL EA. INFLAT.A 2.30 LEPJDOZIA PINNATA 231 MYLIA. ANOMOLA 232 PLAGIOTHECIUM DENTICULATUM 233 SCAPANIA UNDULATA 234 CLADONIA STREPSlliS 235 .CAROAMINE PRATENSIS 236 EUPHRAS!A tHC RANTHA 237 EUPHRASIA SCOTTICA 238 G.l\ LI UM PALUSIRE 239 GLAUX ~1AR IT I MA 240 LYCHNIS FLOS CUCUL I 241 POLYGONUM VIVIPARUM 242 POTENTILLA PALUSTRIS 243 TRIGLOCHIN PALUSTRIS 244 VERONICA SP 245 ACROCLADIUM CORDI FOLIUM 246 ACROCLAOIUM SARMENTCSUM 247 BRYUM PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM 248 AMPHIDIUM MOUGEOT I I 249 ANOECTANGIUM COMPACTUM 250 BRACHYTHEC IUM PLUMULO.SUM 251 OXALIS AC ETOSE LLA 2.52 ACROCLADIUM STRAMINEUM .. 253 CALYPOGE!A !'-1UELLERANA 254 CRATONEURON FILICINUM 255 CTENIDIUM MOLLUSCUM 256 HOOKER IA LUCENS ~· 257 T SOTHECI LIM MYOSUROIDES 258 L EP IDOZ I A REP TANS 259 LEPIDOZIA SETACEA 260 MNIW4 MARGINATUM 261 PLAG I OTH EC IUM DENTICULATUM 262 POLYTR!Ct-IUM COI"MUNE 263 PTILIDIUM CILIARE 264 SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM 265 CLADONIA ARBUSCULA 266 C:L ADONIA FLOERKEANA 267 CLADONIA PITYREA 268 . ·CLADON J A SP 269 CORSI CUM VIR IDE 270 CORNICULARIA ACULEATA 151 PELLIA EPIPEYLLA 152 PELLI A NEESI ANA 153 PL AG lOCH IL A. ASPLENIOJDES 154 PLAGIOTHECJUM UNDULATUt-1 155 PLEUROZIA ·- --- PUR P\lRE A ------156 POHLIA NUTANS 157 POLYTRICHUM FORI"OSUM 158 POLYTRICHUM GP,/\C !LE 159 POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM 160 POLYTRICHUM PILIFERUM 161 PSEUDOPSCELOPOIUM PURUM 162 RADULA COI".PLANAT A ' . 163 RHACOMITRIUM ACICULARE 1.64 RHACOt-1 IT R!UM CANESCENS \ 165 RHACOMITRIUM FASCICULARE 166 RHACOMITRIUM HETEROS l ICHU~1 167 RHACQMITRIUM LANUGINOSUM 168 RHYTIDIADELPHUS LORELS 169 RHYT I DI.ADEL PHUS SQUARROSUS 170 RICCARDI A PINGUJS 171 SACCOGYNA VI TICULOSA 172 SCAPANIA .GRACILIS 173 SCORP.I DI UM SCOR P I.O J DES 174 SOLENOSTQt-1A TRISTE 175 ~PHAGNUM AURIC ULATUM 176 S PH AGNU IV CAPILLACEUM 177 SPHAGNUM CUSP I DATUM 178 SPHAGNUM I NUNDA TUM 179 SPHAGNUM PALUSTRE ·tao SPHAGNUM PAPILLOSUt~ 181 SPHAGNUM PLUMULOSUM 182 SPHAGNUM RECURVUM 183 SPHAGNUM RUBEL LUII-1 184 THUIDIU~ TAMARISCINUM 185 TRICHOSTCMUM BRACHVDONTIUM 186 TOR TEL LA TORTUOSA 187 ULOTA PHYLL ANTHA 188 WEISSIA SP 189 CETRAR .lA ISLANDICA 190 CLADGNIA CERVICORNIS 191 CLADONIA CHLOROPHOEA 192 CL ADONIA COCCIFERA 193 Cl/\DON I .A CRISP AT A r·. 194 CLADONIA FURCATA 195 CLADCNIA GRACILIS ·•'• 196 CLADONIA IMPEXA 197 CLADGNIA PYX I DATA 1 c; 8 CLADCNIA RANG I FOR ~1IS 1<19 CLADONIA SUBCEP.VICORNJS 200 CLADONIA TENUIS 201 CLADONIA UNCIALIS 202 C.LADONIA SP 203 CORNICULARIA MUR I CAT A 204 LEPRARIA INCANA 205 MICARIA LIGNARIA 206 OCHROLECHIA FRIGlDA 207 PAP.MELIA OMPHALOJDES 208 PARMELI/1 SAXATILIS 20<1 PEL Tl GERA CANINA 210 RAMAL INA SUBFAF:l NACEA 091 TARAXACU~ SPECTABILE 092 THAL IC TR UM ALPINUM 093 THYMUS DRUCE I 094 TRICHOPHORUM CESPITOSUM 095 TRIFOLIUM PRAT~NSE og6 TRIFOLIUM REP ENS 097 VACCINJUM MYRT! LLUS 098 VIOLA PALUSTRIS Qq9 VIOLA RIVINIANA 100 BLECHNUM SPICANT 101 POLY PODIUM VULGARE 102 LYCOPODIUM CLAVA TUM ... 103 LYCOPODIUM. SELAGO 104 SELAGINELLA SELAGJNOIDES 105 ACROCLADIUM CUSPIDATUM ··t 106 AUL ACOMN IUM PALUSTRE 107 BARBILOPHOZ.IA FLOE~KEI 108 BLINDIA ACUTA 109 ERACHYTrEC 1Uf4 RUT ABUL Uf·1 110 BP.ACHYTHEC I UM VELUTINUM 111 BREUT ELI A CHR.VSOCOM.A 1.12 BRYU~1 BCNHORMENSE 113 BRYUM PALL ENS 114 CALVPOGEIA MUELLER tiNA 115 CAMPTOTHECIUM LUTESCENS 116 CAMPTOTHECIUM S ER I CEUM 117 CAMPVLOPLS AT.RGVIRENS 118 CA t-4 PYL OPUS FLEXUOSUS 119 CAMPVLOPUS SP 120 CEPH.ALOZIA AICUSPIDATA 121 CEPHAPHAROZIELLA SP 122 DICRANELLA HETERO~ALLA 1·2.3 DICRANUM BONJEANI 12~· DICRANUM ~lA JUS 125 DICRI\NUM SCOP.ARIUM 126 DI PLOPHVLLU.M ALBICANS 127 Dl ST ICHU IV INCLINATUM 128 DREPANOCLADUS REVOLVENS 129 EU RVNCH I U~1 PRAELGNGUM 130 FISSIDENS ADIANTHOIDES 1~1 FR.UL LAN I A GERMANA . 132 FRULLANIA TAMARISCI 133 GVMNOMITRIUM CONC I NNATUM .•' ·1.34 HVLOCOtH UM SPLENDENS 135 HYPNUM CUPRESSIFORME ' 136 HVPNUM ERICETORUM 137 HYPNUM RESUPINATUM 138 LEJ.EUNEA L.AMACERINA 139 LElJCOBRVUr1 GLAUCUM 140 UlPHOCOL EA CUSPIDATA 141 LOPHOZIA VENTRICOSA 1-4 2 I-1AR SUP ELLA. EMARGINATA 14.3 METZGER! A FURC.ATA 144 MNIUM HORNUM 145· MNIUM PUNCTA TUM 146 ~NIUM UNDULATUM 147 MYLIA TAYL.ORI 148 NARDI A SCALARIS 149 ODONTOSCHI SMA S PHAGNI 150 OL IGOTP ICHUM HERCYNICUM 031 OACT·YLORCHIS ERICETORUt-1 0.32 D.ACTYLORCHIS PURPURELLA 033 DESCHAMPS! A FLEXUCSA 034 ELEOCH~RIS OUINQUEFLORA

035 Et·1PETRlJtJ, ._ ~- __N I GRl}M .=-3:- 036 ERICA CINEREA 037 ERICA TETRALIX 038 ERIOPHORUM ANGUSliFOLIUM 039 ERIO!'HORUM VAGINA TUM 040 EUPHRASIA OSTENFELOII 041 EUPHRASIA SP 042 FESTUCA RUBRA 043 .FE S TUCA VIVIP.aRA 044 GALIIJM SAXATILE '.,.. 045 GENTIANELLA SP 046 H!ERACIUM SP 047 HOLCUS LANAlUS 048 HYDP.OCOTYE VULGARIS 049 HYPERICUM PULCHRUM 050 JASIGNE MONTANA 051 JUNCUS ARTICULATUS 052 JUNCUS KOCH I I 053 Jl.INCUS SQUARROSUS 054 LEONlODON AUTUfoiNALIS 055 LINUM CATHARTICUM 056 LIST ERA CORD~TA 057 LOISELEURIA PROCUMBENS 058 LOTUS CORNICULATUS 059 LIJZULA CAMPESTRIS 060 LUZULA MULTIFLORA 061 LUZULA PILOSA 062 MDLI NI A CAERULEA 063 NARDUS STRICTA 06L~ NARTHECIUM OSS I FRAGUi-4 065 PEDICULARIS SYLVAT!CA 066 PINGUICULA VULGAR"! S 067 PLANTAGO CORONOPUS 068 PLANTAGO LANCEOLAT.A 069 PLANT AGC MARITIMA 070 POLYGALA SERPYLLIFOLIA 071 POL YG AL .A \IULGARIS 072 POTENTILLA ERECT A •·. 073 PRUNELLA \IULGARIS '. 074 RANUNCIJLUS ACRIS 075 RANUNCULUS FLAM~ULA I ,_ 076 RHINANTHUS MINOR 077 RUMEX ACETOSA 078 SAG INA NOD OS A 079 SAG INA PROC U~1B ENS 080 SAG INA SUBULATA 081 SALIX HERB ACE A 082 SAL IX REP ENS 083 SCHOENUS NIGRICANS 084 SCILLA VERNA 085 SIEGLINGIA DEC:UMBENS 086 SENECIO AQUATJCUS 087 SILENE ACAUL!S Ofi8 SILENE MAR "IT 1M A 089 SOLIDAGO Vt RG AUR. EA 090 SUCCI SA PRATENSIS -· ----- 11#1------·------·------·--~------~------#N

oeo GOO eeo 000 DOD OeO eeO ·000 000 000 000 000 OeO 08G 000 e•o 000 ~00 00• OeO

SPECIES LIST ... ======·======

THE SPECIES REFERENCED IN THE TABLES ARE HERE LISTED SEQUENTIALLY ACCORDING TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERS. THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CONSULTED IN CASES OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO RY THE ABBREVIATIONS TN "THE TABLES.

000 000 000 000 000 DOD GOO eoo aee eoe eoo eee eee 000 eee 000 oeo 000 oo• oeo

001 ACHILLEA MT LLEFGLI UM 002 .AGROSTIS CANU.IA 003 AGROSTI S STOLCNIFERA 004 AGROSTIS TENUIS 005 'AIRA PRAECOX 006 ANTENNARIA DJOIC~ 007 A.NTHOXANTHUM ODOR ATUM 008 ANTHYLLIS VULNER~RIA 009 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVALRSI 010 ~RENARIA NORVEGICA 011 ARMER IA IV.AR'ITIMA 01'2 BELLIS PERENNIS 013 C~LLUNA VULG~RIS :\ 014 CARDAMINOPSIS PETRAEA 015 .CARE X BIGELOW'! I ·, '• 016 CAR EX BlNERVIS 017 CARE X DEM.I SSA 018 CAR EX DIOICA 019 CAR EX FLACCA 020 CAR. EX HOST I ANA 021 CAR EX NIGRA 022 CARE X P.~NICEA 023 CARE X PII..UUFERA 024 CAREX· PULICAP.IS 025 CERASTIUM NIGRESCENS 026 CERASTIUM HOLOSTEOIDES 027 CIRS.lUM VULG.ARE 028 COCHLEAR.IA PVRENAICA 029 CDELOGL OSSI)M VIP. IDE 0030 CYNOSURUS CRt-STATUS ##------##

PHYTOSOC!OLOGIC~L TABLE OUTPUT ======

THE RELEVES LISTED IN THE T~BLE WERE MADE IN (1) THE NUMBERS ACROSS THE TOP OF THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE ARE T~E SERIAL NUMBERS 0~ T~E RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION (I.Eo WELL WITHIN THE (READING DOWNWARDS). BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITY). THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATURE (2) A ~AXIMLIM OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE ACROSS ONE PAGE OF A TABLE. WHEN THE SAMPLE SITE. NORMALLY THE QUADRAT SIZE USED . NUMBER INVOLVED IS GREATER T~AN THIS THE WAS 2M. X 2M. SUBSECUENT P~GES OF T~E TABLE ARE PRINTED BELOW GNE ANOTHER. THESE CONTINUATION PAGES ARE READILY IDENTIFIED ·BY THE ABSENCE OF A TITLE (EXCEPT FOR THE TABLE NU~BERJ.

(3) T~E SPECIES NAMES AND-REFERENCE NUMBERS COVER-ABUNDANCE SCALE ARE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF l~E TABLE. IN CASE OF At~;BIGUlTY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES THEY REFER. TO, CONSULT THE COMPLETE SPECIES LISTING AT THE END. SYMBOL COVER I ABUNCANCE

(4) THE CCVER-ABUNCANCE CATA ARE RECORDED IN 5 80% - 100~ THE TABLE. THE DEGREES OF COVER-ABUNDANCE 4 60~ - 80% REPRESENTED BY THE SYMBOLS ARE GtVEN IN 3 40% - 60% THE T~BLE OPPOSITE. DOlS, WHEN PRESENT,· 2 "20% 40~ ARE ECUIVALENT TO BLANKS. 1 1% - 20% + <1% (5t RARE SPECIES WITH ONLY FEW OCCURRENCES ADDITIONAL SPECIES ARE PRINTED BENEATH THE TABLE. THE ACCo-­ MPANYING NUMBERS INDICATE THE RELEVES IN WHICH T~EY OCCURRED

(6) A LIST IS INCLUDED OF T~E LOCATIONS AND GRID REFERENCES OF THE SlTESo THERE JUDITH HILL lAM. IS ALSG A LIST OF THE SYNTAXA TH~T DEPT. OF BOTANY, ARE REPRESENTED IN THE TABLE AND REFEREN­ DURHAM UN1VERSITYo CED sv· NUMBERS WRITTEN ACROSS THE TOPo

##------·------·------#11 Tt:Btt 66 6::t M 69 1.3~-l(P~'::l q 9 2 2 1 (} 3 2 2 ? f.'l J <:< ltflil,..,·-,-.:-!-c--s~H0 q 9 .. , H.: • c: 7 ?_ ~ 2 o 8 G '3 7 3 j 8 oHc 0 6 6 1 1 l 8 ~ 1 1 '-''-''r;- 1 q 1 c 4 5 1 2 4 2 3 c {.. 1 ':J q z i s .:; l l l 0 0 l 1 7!''~0-l 6 0 1 3 3 2 3 _!__. (") 3 4 L 3 ~ ~ L ~ 8 1 4 C c f .~ 4 I] 2 3 8 ' D J 4 s 4 3 4 ~ 6 l 7 ~ 7 s 6

2 1 1 1 1 2 l .l. 1 1 + + 1 + + + + l l ) 2 + ? "3 1 + + l l l ') 2 + 1 1112+ +- .<. 1 l l I + + 2 l 1 63 t\:AF'J STR1 f-.:.2+1 1 1 l 1 ++2.,+22 + l + + + ~ 1 + 7- l + 1 l + 1 1+111 +t +7++ ++-+1111 l 1 l l 1 lll+l++"'-t J.+l + + + + L l + + + l + + + ll+llllllll 72 CC11:" EHEC 1 l + l 1 1 + l 1 l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. 1 l 2 2 ., + 3 2 2 + 1 l 1 2 1? CALL VULC +L.L+/ "_:: Lt "'- :; + + + + + ? ?. 2 2 ? 2 L ·? 2 l ? ::: ? / ? 4 l ? ~ 1 t -4jL+l2 + + 1 11311->lt '3 + + +

l + 2 l + + + -. + -!- 1 TPIC CFSP + + 1 + 1 l l + , + l [. -.:._ + 2 1 2 1 l 2 1 + t4 t,AF1 .'JSS I 1 + + 2 7. _.J. + l l l l l + + + 1 + + 1 ) + l 37 C:RIC TCTP + _]. - + t ' f l t- ? + 1 '.c + ' + + + +

1 1 + l f...?_ r.',CL1 CAF~R + 1 2 l f l 1 111 11 l 1 1 l 1 l l + 90 SLf,( PRb.T l + 1 J. + 1 21+111 1 + ?" + -' l OACT ERIC + + + + + 1 l 1 1 J + + l 2 ?.2 C!JFE PANJ l -.l 1 1 l 111++++ + ++-+ 11 l l l +-- + 1 .j._ +

+ t·t-+li.++t + + + l + + + 125 CJCR SCDP 1 + 202 CLAt:• SP -!· + + 1 1 1 + + l + 214 PL EU SCHP. + + 1 + + 1 + + + + + 154 Pl tf: U~DU + + l f-- • + + + l 176 S 0 H CAP! 2 "' 1 2 2 l 1 l + + 114 Ct.L Y 1-4UEl 1 + + l -l- + + + + +

l + 1 z t 1 2 " I l l l E~UC 1 + l l l ?6 CINE l 2 1 + l -4 l. + + + 11211-t-21+ + +++l:J +- } 1 ;; + 1 + + + + + 35 EMPE NIG~ ? +")22_4 ' 7 2 1 1 J l l. ? 1- 1 '',. + 1 + J. l 167 RHtC LAf'.:U l + 12J+Z + ,.221?.3 .. ' + l l + l + l + + 1 103 LYCC SELA + + ,_ + + + 1 l + + + + 53 JUf-,C SS:UA l ' l 1 l 1 1 1 l l + l + 1 ++1++1 + 1 + + 1 1 + + 4- ,_ + 1 ? 1 + ;t ]. + 1 l 172 SC.f.,p GP M:, l l 1 l + l l l + + 1 + 1 1 + + ' 1 1 l ~: 38 EP: !C ~liJlGU 1 + + + 1+2+1;,:?1 l l : ~ "I ~- L --! 2 ;) + 1 1 l + ] + .;. + J. + + + j_ + 168 RPY1 LOPE 1 l + + l ~ + 1 1 1 -:!- + -{- + l + + l l 2 + l 2 136 HYP0 ER lC + l + l 2 + + l J. + '1 + + 1 ~ 1. + + l + + + + 1 l + + 1· + + J. + l 1 33 C ESC FLEX l t 1 + + 1 + 1 2 2 + + -1- {- + + + + + l l + + ?01 C.L~D UNCl l + + + + + + l + + l + + + ? l ' 200 CLtf' TfNU + 1 + + + + + + l + 196 CLAD InPE + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + + l + 1 + 126 01 Pl l\LBI + + + + 4 ---1 1+-+l 1 + + + + 1 + + + + + 2 1 l l 1 + t- + ,_ + l l + ' 1 l + + 16 Cf,pf BINE l 1 + l 1 l l + l + + + ! l 1 1 + + 1 .. 1 l ] , + + + ~ l 2 1' 1 + 1 1 + 1 + + ' '· + 4? FE;~;T VIVl + -t l 1 + l l ~ l 1 + 4-<+-+l1 1 + 1 l 1 l 2 1 r\ + + + t I t + ' 1 + l + l 1 l ss ~l fG DfCU 1 1 + 1 + + l l l + + + + )_ + + + l 1 + t 1 ' l . A Gi:rJJ TE NU + :!. + -! l l + + I + 1 1 1 + + + I l + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + + + + 104 SELt SELA l + + + + + 1 I ' + + ' + + + ' + t -1- + l 24 CAF-E PUL I t + l + + + l 9'l VIGl R!VI + + 0 + .f + . 19 OPE FLAC 1 + + + t + + l + 49 HYPe PULC 6 t.NTE GIOI

1 ril ,,-, lf"l -.<'! ("J "+ + 1 L~ -:_; ,-· t .• 2_ + 1 (~_! ,_.., "-' ,...-{ ,-•·l + + + 1 2 + + r<• f\'i ('-1 "' 1 -+ t ' 1 : +I+ + l -v PJ u~ + + (-- C:.' (il rr:u + ' ' l t 1 + ('f' ·' l + + ('<\ 0 Ptrt, ~~M~.I 1 + + + t f- l It -, ;,_ lf ···-{ )"-· ,.r; u:'- o r.J ·,c· t-­ \,\ ', '""" + + + + 1 l + "l 1 -t- 1 + + l 1 "i" li ·. :._,--. 0 (··· i'< + jJ'. ("... ~· , ... ·"" ._,;:; ,-,~, c;, ,....{ -s:· 1 (I"', K"\ ,0> s ,...., (~) ("\~ r::UPH SP 1 ~" 0' ;)~ c_) (p 0' + ,! ::D ("'.:; a ::-:: c· r- o, •:'J <' <· AGRD STOL 1 r-- r,-, 0...1 tn t(', (,1 <'1 1 ...-)- C· lS• 0"1 ..C \.t:- 0· U:". G- ~ 0 ,_.;, ;['. U', !'-· .-1 \-I ...:t· .;t" (:\ e·-l ·:J i"- 0:. 0' 0..! 0 :X:• ,....; ·<:> 0 o;·, 0'1 (:G r--J ('<'', <:_> ..(! f'·-1 1~0 ;"'' ;".J (J· t'""'1 0 ,..~ rl ..( t<', (">~ '-L• ('1-, N ,_., rn ..;t "'l-1 ('>.! ;11 ,-.~1 ;-<'< ,...... !"-- ·,:;:) t- ('J N p·, ~, ...-; f'- rt: o-l ,_-·J t--1 N ~ ,;} ..0 c:; 1"'.; ~ 00 n; u· 1-1 01 !no;·, f:l'· ...:; ..-!. r;; '-"~ u r<~- r;; en 0' i'-- ,,.., ["'; t- ..-: •·---> f'l ..,.., ..... , •"--1 \f\ M ,,, f'• t·: \'1 1 + + 1 l l J 1 + l + l .:. I. + + l l -t + -t + + l 1 1 l 1 l+l-i L: 1+ --z-QCS~~>~- cu~~~uu~~ -z~-~~z= ~cc o-~• 144 f~f-:HI HGRf\ t + -+ + 1 l + 1 xo-~~~z~cc~u >zc0rr~0-u x~x~~zzc ~~~ -xu<~ + ++ ~++l+-t--+-1+...-++ < ...... ~ n: < c.: ·-~ uJ :.u _1 ll- ~'-' c tL. r:J ...... 1 u ::J CJ - r·- < < o ~; ,_ ;::: CL D cL· ,...... , w _t <:: :u _..J 11 • 42 FEST RUBR 1 + .)..11++- l + l l + + + l 1 t­ + + + + + + + 1 +J.+2++f-+ + + + ~~Om~~U~~~U~~~~C~~~~0~=0%0~0~~~~~ 60 LU7\I f;UL T + + l + + + 1 1 2 .2 1 l l l + 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 + 2 1 l 1 W.J L\.' ; .! U :;.) ~ L ,_, U.. () U 0--- _:;;.:. 0.. Z !~1 ,::. ;-_:, ;;::) C' U..i •'1 -<1: 1...:' .-.-' V) C\ ~- ,, ' 47 l-'QlC LAN~ 1. 1 ? ' + l 1 :::.:. D~ -< U «:!: ~- c._ ti.• ::?:: ::;:: 1Y. U,_i L:: W4~~XG~w~-c4a~C>~~~U~~O~> 134 HYlC SPLE +22+1+ + + + + l + + + + ' + + + + 132 FRt;L TAI0A + + + 1 ,..--.,. c~; ¢ ,..., o-- r-- -c .... ~ -£· r-,: o ·D .-1 c.c-. '" G'"' w "" 0..1 ._n ..s- ": a:'"i t'N t>. co 0'- ,--;:; ...:..1 o .,..._ ..;,t· ,,., o- ·-;;;-f0_\2,___i..l"'.__'-!) r- X ,;. C ...-I .-4 \•.! N ;;<:"'; ;,·, ~T _,· .. ~ ..0 1"- t;:~ C::-< (r' 0 C rl {'\, N f('; ('("'....; if·. lC ...C; -£; r~ t-o::· IT.' D" 140 __ J .. .DEH Cl!_SP +- + --- l ----1------+~~7 ---j---- • ...... --,------;--_ ~~-rl ----,;:;-;-;04"-..;;;""F!--,..:-- ___ ;,_;--:,....;,.-...-< .-l-~~~-l- 0 N---f"':~--t>.I--1:C•.L~'.!...6.L~oh~l__0l-i:':)_C:\--.~_I__(_~£:::1 __ ~ + + -r- -r- + 123 f2 ICR BO!\J + + + + + + l l t lh9 RH'tT SQU4 l + 1 l ' + ! i + + l -+ 1 ' + + + + + + l ' + ' 21 C,APF NlGR 2 l Illll++l l 1 + + 1 l + l + 1. ?'I C0RE PILU ' + l + l + + + l 1 t 1~7 PCLY FORM + + 1 2 + 1 + ' + + + 1 + ~ 1 + _.,.. + +' + 44 Gt;LI 5/JXt + + + + + + l 1 + + ' 1 + -1"- l l 7D FClY SFF:,P + T + + 1 + 1 l 1\GFi CM·Il 2 1 l 1 1n 2 '-!."1 (XJ ~ ('.j ('.,; 0::' cc ""• ~- ('.i O.J 4""1 rl ·-..t 2 (I '• (>J lJ \ .[; <; ("'..! ·..0 -t ,.... r­ l 1. ,.., ..---! 0 rn <.c .-i ,;;r· ;:._; .-.1 f' j t'- -;, ('..1 f''~ 2 l + ? t~ SPI-'A PUJN C'' f"- o:1 0' w f!l rn lB 1 l 1 + 1 l 2 2 l + 2 4~~~~~~N=Nmouc~~~•~~•n~Mm~NN7m~~m~~~~wocruM 180 SPHA PADI J. 1. t + ,. 1 w· ..-.-~ 0'1 N M -r;; rJ () ...-1 -D (""', r·l 1- "'" .c r<; 01 ,-;) ...--~ -l ~"-· ,,_, ,.....: ..--; ,_. i"' r1'> .-. N ,....; r-- """'' c w ~ \"- o N .-. ..,,.. f\l SPP~ CUSP + + U'• 01 rl (''l '""'' -~-1 \H '""-' ,-..,1 ;~ \"\,; 1-- tn -0 ,,., ;::r-, r·l 1'1 ('\1 1'1 177 + l ' 1 + l C.AtJP FLEX + 1 + l .1 l1R 1 135 l-1\P!'l CUP? + + + ~ww~u>-=O~~~~~z~=~u~-z~~~~~~~~M>Z~~~­ + + l c~-~c~~~~~~~u~~~C~GZ~~~-u~<~W~Luw~~~<~~~~ 145 Mi'~ iU PUNC + -t- + + >-~~Q~u=-~uc-cw~~'v>>d~m~L~~<~u>-•u-u~~~-o2zocu~~~~~~ lOS All •'• PALU + 173 SPHA I f~UN l 1 l .. ~~o"~-~-->~~1~~~~~~~uc•c~~<~~ZD~>-~c-~~~­ 4 ' 2 + + + 1 + u~~c~c~~~~->~u~~-~-NU FLAivl + t Jl; r-.c KCCH + l l + + ++++-+ 1 52 + 20 CAPF HGST + ' + 1 + 2 l 1 + + ' + + 66 fl}l\G VULG + + + l7 CAPt DEIVl

t + 1<;:4 CLtG FUq,c l ' + + 54 lfCN AUTU t f· + 4 ~ l- t + + + + 1 114 SC IL VE ;;;r.; 1 l + + + ~ ~ ~ + + + + + + 93 T!--:Vt,i DRHC + + + + l + 1' 1 1 f- + l t; 8 LC'TU Cf'l--~\\ t + + l + 1 50 JASI ,'-·![;hn l + • + 1 l. A{t- I f"TLL + + J. 1 + 1 + l ll tli~ ~' f r.· ~~·. y l + 1 + + -1 + + + 1. 2

' 1 + + + .. + l 5 i\ 1 FU\ PRAE l + - ~- 1 CB PU~ LANC 1 + 1 ' l + + l 1 '1 .;- l 21 q H'YPN TYPI l + + l ., ' ' + + 1 + ' 7 '1, PRUt,1 \dJLG + t ·f 1 + + f:UFY PRAE + + ' + 129 -'l· + \- + + l 26 CER/ HCLC + + :"" + + + + 1 27 C!PS 1/ULG + + + + + + + 184 THU1 Tf:,_VA + + + + + + + + 1 l + + POLY JU~I l l + + + + + 1 + + CGF~.J l 1 1 ,.-1 ()' + 1 if, r-··, f'••, ('._' +· + ' FPIC + ' l''- .~. ~~ '} 91 T t,kA SPEC + ,·-;- "'"< + "' cr-- r ...! (·~ K !'""( ";:" ,._, l ,-~ 2 :( 1 SPI-'t PURf 1 l 1!!3 + + ( !:"""R + !· 189 _., ~- I , ' l S LJ\ t ·t + t 1 L_, 1 UJPH Vt~lT + + + l 209 PElT CM'l + t 77 FUf"F .t·.J:ET + l .... + SAL! REPE + 82 l Tt-

SG. ~ 19 2 .3 1 1''.3 4 3 0 3 0 .1 o' 1 5 f 0 7 4 3 1 8 7 9 0 0 9 8 2 4 2 2 8 4 8 2 2 9 8 ~l:~~,·-•·J(~C~.~~~-·-·--~·

tj_ _ ALS ~- 'J," ____ , ______. __ ....

1 A~RO 28 ERIO ANGU 1 1 1 + + 2 1 1 + 1 + CANI 372 2 AGRO STOL 314 372 14 CARE 138 SPHA CUSP 2 2 2 4 2 5 4 3 2 1 HOST 919 21 DESC FLEX 362 24 EMPE 41 JUNC KOCH 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 NIGR 258 362 25 EQUI PALU 438 29 ERIO 50 NARD STRI 1 + 2 1 1 + + -+ + + VAGI 8 30 EUPH AGG CH9 34 FEST 15 CARE NIGR 1 1 + 1 VIVI a 40 JUNC EFFU 104 49 MONT FONT 438 56 PING VULG 342 438 68 succ PRAT 438 71 TR IC CESP 92 86 CALY MUEL 92 87 CAMP FLEX 104 96 DIPL ALBI c;2 8 CALL VULG + + + + + + 104 en DREP REVO 342 103 HYPN CUPR 88 51 . NART OSSI 1 1 + 104 108 LOPH BIDE 104 362 118 ODON 143 SPHA PAP I 1 2 + 1 SPHA 88 S2 119 PELL EPIP 438 I 127 PGLY 172 42 JUNC SQUA 1 + 2 2 + + + COMM 129 POLY JUNI 342 362 133 RHYT l· 61 POTE EREC +·+ + 1 + + + LORE .362 135 RICC PING 342 144 SPHA ~62 12 CARE ECHI 1 1 1 PLUM .372 145 SPHA RECU 372 I 152 109 LOPH VENT + + 1 LYCO SELA 919 182 LEON AUTU 314 193 ANOE 3 AGRO TENU 1 1 1 + AEST !42 196 CARE LEPI 314 ------·------I . ------. I I I I 16 CARE PANI 1 1 1 + 1 1 ~-·~~\~~~c~{T~:-·-u 147 SPHA AURI 1 1 1 2 60 POTA POLY 1 1 2 75' VIOL PALU + .. 1 111 MNIU HORN + 1 + 11. CARE OEM I 342 438 142 SPHA PALU 2 2 2 22 DROS ROTU 148 SPHA INUN 1 1 2 372 27 ERIC TETR 258 33 FEST RUBR 362 47 MENT AQUA 342 63 RANU FLAM 314 342 81 AULA P.ALU 258 95 DICR SCOP a 362 101 GVMN I NFL 8 115 MYLI ANOM 8 124 PLAG UNDU 8 362 132 RHAC LANU 919 141 SPHA CAPI 362 919 146 SPHA RUBE 258 362 192 ACRO STRA 342

=b·- -~~·~. ,-_~~~-- ...... ; . . . . . •' ~~~~:--~·~--··~---__· __._ .. _· ___'~~·------·~I •,

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r-:-:--~---·---:-. ~-~·:·::-,:-~':'"'~~~·'---t·~~-=~ .. _,--·-----~----':.r·~-~-:~~-···:)r-:-:-~.:.-:'-!---:-;..:~~~~:-·--;-:-~-~ I . . . . . __. ..,~, ._;_~-..... ··---~-~~"'------''-'--"·· .. '~~--, ...._ .,.....;...;._.._ ... :--. .. - .. ·' ~~~.~~-·-· -· _·_·_. :.~.: .:. j . . ' ...... ' . . . l~- ... _":-~:_~_;__ :J .I.

·~ BLANKET BOG SITES

RELEVE NO. LOCATION GRID REFERENCE

006 ·.Hill of Dale, , Mainland · HU 441424. oio North Burn of Grimista, Lerwick, Mainland HU 452433 013 Braewick, Esha Ness, Mainland HU 253786 016 Ness Vird, North Mainland HU 328765 086 Ladie Hill, Deltirtg, Mainland · HU 365692 087 .II II II II II 089 Ladie Hill, Delting, Mainland HU 363693 090 II II II II II 091 Clothister Hill, North Mainland 093 II II II II II '103 Hamars of Burraland, North Mainland HU 333754 106 · Caa Field, EshaNess, Mainland HU 245821 108 II II II II II 110 Craagles·water, Esha Ness, Mainland HU 252878 111 II II .II II II HU 252878 116 Scora Field, Esha Ness, Mainland HU259809 117 II II II II II II 118 The Roonans, North .Mainland HU 339787 119 II II II II II 120 II II II II II 122 Little Eela Water, North Mainland HU 327770 123 II II II II II II 145 East Hill of.Voe, Delting, Mainland HU 408618 147 II II II II II II 146 II II II II II II 149 Pettadale, Central Mainland HU 415583 150 II II II II 151 II II II II 152 II II II II 153 II II II II 154 Burn·of Crookadale (south), Nesting, Mainland HU 427546 155· II II II II II II 156 II II II II II II 158 Burn. of Crookadale (north) , Nesting, Mainland HU 426522 159 II II II II II II 160 Vatster, Tingwall, Mainland HU 424491 161 II II II II 162 II II II II 163 II II II II 171 Burn of Tactigill, Weisdale, Mainland HU 372511 173 II II II II II 176 Mossbank, Delting, Mainland HU 445746 177 II II II II 253 Brough, Toft, Delting, Mainland (site 1) HU 428779 254 II II II II II II 255 II II II II II II ·256 II II II II II II 257 II II II II II II 260 Brough, Toft, Delting, Mainland (site 2) HU 32777 261 II II II II II II 320 Burn of.Valayre, Delting, Mainland HU 374692 327 Burn of. Valayre I Delting I Mainland HU 368694 329 ·Burn of Valayre, Delting, Mainland HU 3.68695 339 BrUn:t Hamarsland, Mainland HU 438519 340 II II II II 343 II II II II 344 II II II II 437 Laxo, Nesting, Mainland HU 446635 ~. • I

.. ·785 Loch of Brow, South Main·land HU. 381159 837 Stanevatstoe Hill, Walls, Mainland HU 209553 910 Raga Field, North Mainland HU 323838 920 Collafirth Hill, North Mainland (site 1) HU 330836 BOG POOL SITES

RELEVE NO. LOCATION GRID REFERENCE

008 Ladies Drive, Lerwick, Mainland HU 447425 088 Ladie Hill, Delting, Mainland HU 365692 092 Clothister Hill, North Mainland HU 338733 "104 Hamars· of Burraland, North Mainland HU 333754 109 caa Fie.ld, Esha Ness, Mainland HU 245821 172• Burn of Tactigill, Weisdale,·Mainland HU 372511 258 Brough, Toft, Delting, Mainland (site 1) HU 428779 314 Bruntland, Bressay . HU 515428 342 Brunt Hamarsland, Mainland HU 438519 362 Fugla.Water, Lunna Ness, Mainland HU 505721 372 Loch of Setterness, Lunna Ness, Mainland HU 487697 438 Laxo, Nesting, Mainland HU 446635 919 .Roga Field, North Mainland HU 323838 TABI.E 5. 6 Syntaxa: blanket bog communi.ties.

51: Juncus sqarrosus community. Ericeto-caricetum binervis.(5.6.2.1) 52: calluna vulgaris community. Empetrum-Rhytidiadelphus loreus .A.ss. , rhacomitretosum lanuginosi, Listera - Ple·urozia variant. (5.6.2.2) 53: Erica tetralix communityp Sphagnum capillaceum facies. Empetrum """' Rhytidiadelphus loreus Ass., rhacomitretosum lanuginosi, typical variant.(5.6.2.3.1) 54: Erica tetralix community, Molinia caerulea facies. Erico-Sphagnetum magellanici, subass. Molinia caerulea.(S.6.2.3.2) 55: Pleurozia.purpurea community. Pleurozia purpurea-Erica tetralix Ass.(5.6.2.4) TABLE 5.7 Syntaxa: bog pool communities.

56: Herb rich pools - Nardus stricta nodum. Rhyncosporion albae.(5.7.2.1) ·57: Blanket bog pools - Carex panicea nodum. Rhyncosporion albae.(5.7.2.2~ ##------##

PHYTOSOCIOLOGIC~L TABLE OUTPUT ======THE RELEVES LISTED IN THE TABLE WERE MADE IN (11 THE NUMBERS ~CROSS .THE TOP OF THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE ARE ThE SERI~L NUMBERS OF THE RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION (J.Eo WELL WITHIN THE (READING DOWNWARDSio BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITYI. THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATURE (2) A ~AXIMUM OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE ACROSS ONE PAGE OF A TABLE. WHEN THE SAMPLE SITEo NORMALLY THE QUADRAT SIZE USED NUMBEP INVOLVED IS GREATER THAN THIS T~E WAS 2Mo X 2M. SUBSECUENT PAGES OF T~E TABLE ARE PRINTED BELOW ONE ANOTHER. THESE CONTINUATION PAGES ARE READILY IDENTIFIED BY THE ABSENCE OF A liTLE (EXCEPT FOR lHE TABLE NUMBERio

(31 T~E SPECIES NAMES AND REFERENCE NUMBERS COVER-ABUNDANCE SC~LE ~RE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-HAND SIDE CF l~E T~BLEo IN CASE OF A~BIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES THEY REFER TO, CG~SULT THE CC~PLETE SPECIES LISTING AT THE ENDo SYMBOL COVER I ABUNGANCE

(4) THE COVER-ABUNCANCE DATA ARE RECORDEC IN 5 80% - 100% THE T~BLE. TfE CEGREES OF COVER-ABUNCANCE 4 60~ - 80% REPRESENTED BY THE ~YMBOLS ARE GIVEN IN 3 40% - 60% THE TABLE CPPOSITE. COTS, W~EN PRESENT, 2 20% - 40~ ~RE ECUIVALENT TO BLANKS. 1 1% - 20% + <1% (5) RARE SPECIES WITH ONLY FEW OCCURRENCES ADDITIONAL SPECIES ARE PRINTED BENEAlH THE TABLE. THE ACCO­ MPANYING NUMeERS INCtCATE TPE RELEVES IN WHICH THEY OCCURRED (61 A LIST IS INCLUDED OF THE LOCATIONS AND GRID REFERENCES OF lHE SITES. TPERE JUDITH HILLIAMo IS ALSO ·A LIST OF THE S\'NTAXA THAT DEPT~ OF BOTANY, ARE REPRESENTED IN THE TAeLE AND REFEREN­ DURHAM UNIVERSITY. CED B~ NUMBERS WRITTEN ~CROSS THE TOP.

##-·· --- ~·-· ...... -- --· ··----~.-.------...... ------·- .. ------4~ -~~~--~~

##------~------1#

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S-PEC I ES L I S T ·~ . \ ------

T~E SPECIES REFERENCED IN THE TABLES ARE HERE LISTED SEQUENTIALLY AC£0RDING TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERS. THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CONSULTED IN CASES OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO BY THE ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TABLES •

• ~. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

001 AGROSTIS CANJf\A 002 AGROSTIS STOLONJ FERA. 003 AGROSTIS TENUIS 004 AIRA PRAECOX 005 /ILOPECURUS GEN I CUL .A. TU S 006 ANTHOXANTHUM OOORATUII'l 007 BLECHNUM SPICANT 008 CALL.UNA VULGARIS 009 CAROAMINE PRAT ENS IS 010 CAR EX BINERVIS 011 CAR EX DEMISSA 012 CARE X ECHINATA 013 CAR EX FLACCA-· I .> 014 CARE X HOST IAN~. 015 CARE X NIGRA 016 CAR EX PA.NlCEA "" 017 CARE X PILULIFER~ 018 CERAST!UM HOLOSTEOIDES 019 C IRS IU M VULGARE 020 DACTYLORCHIS ERICETORUM 021 DESCHAMPSJA FLEXUOSA 022 ORO SERA R.OTUNOIFOL.IA 023 ORYOPTER!S 01 Ll TATA. 024 EMPETRUM NI GRUI-1 r-n11T C'r"TIIU nAIIIt"Tnr u""""r: C.. ..-1 1- ,':1/V I. ,.,.,,q •. I VI: I ,.....,\,.,\.J...,II I~'"- 026 ERICA CINEREA 027 ERICA TETR.AllX 028 ER I OPHORUM Al\JGUSTIFOLIUM 029 ERIOPHORUM V.A.GINATUM 030 EUPHRASIA AGG 031 EUP HRAS I A FRIGIOA 032 EUPHRASIA SCOTTICA 033 FESTUCA RUBRA 034 FESTUCA VIVIPARA 035 GALIUM SAXATILE 036 GALIU,._1 VERUI-1 037 HOLCUS LANATUS 038 HYDROCOTYLE VULGARIS 039 JUNCUS CONGLCMERATUS 040 JUNCLIS EFFUSUS 041 JUNCUS KOCH.! I 042 JUNCUS SQUARROSUS 043 L.ISTERA COPO.ATA 044 LUZULA · MULTIFLORA •. : . .: 045 LUZULA PILOSA. 046 lUZULA SYLVATTCA •\. 047 MENTHA AQUATICA "048 t-'OLINIA CAERULEA 049 MONTI A FONTANA 050 NARDUS STRICTA 05.1 NARTHEC:IUM OSSIFRAGUM 052 OXALIS ACETO SELLA 053 PEDICt.JLARIS CH 054 PEDICULAR! S P.Al.USTRIS 055 PEDICULARIS SYL.VATTCA 056 PI NGU.I ClJ LA VULGARIS 057 PLANTAGO LANCE OL AT A. 058 POTENTILLA PALUSTRIS 05C3 POLYGALA SERPYLL IFOL I.A 060 POTM1DGE TON POLYGONIFOLIUS 061 POTENT I LL.A ERECT A 062 PRUNELLA VULGARIS 063 R.ANUNCUL l:JS FLAM MULA Of:4 RUMEX ACETOSA 065 S.AGINA PROCUMBENS 066 SCILL.A VERNA 0-6 7 SIEGLINGIA . OECUMBENS 068 SUCC!SA PRATENSIS 06CJ THALICTRUM ALPINUM 070 THY NUS DRUCE I 071 TRJCOPHORUM CESPITOSUM 072 TRIFOLIUM REPENS 073 TR"I"GtOCHI"N PAL US TP. i S 074 VACC.IN IUM MYRTILLUS 075 VIOLA PALUSTRIS ... 076 VIOLA RIVINIANA 077 ACROCLADIUM CORDIFGLIUM 078 ACROCLADIUM CUSP! DA Tlm 079 ACROCLAD IUM S ARMENT OSUM 080 ATR I CHUM UNDULATUM 081 AULACOMN IUM P ALUS TR E 082 BARBILOPHOZIA FLOERKII 083 BAZZANIA TRILOBATA 084 BRYUM PSEUDOTR TQUETRU"'1 .-,. n c: r ~ 1 vnnrr: T 11 r:: ' r:- r:- " ... u ... """''""' "'"" t ...... 1"""\ I 4 ·~' ..J r"' 086 CALYPIJGEIA MUELLER ANA 087 CA f~PY LOPUS FLEXUOSUS 088 CEPHALOZIA BICUSPJDATA 089 CEPHALOliA CONI\_!_IVENS_ 090 CEPHALOZIA MEDIA 091 CEPHALOZIELL.I\ HAMPEANA 092 CTENIDIU~ rAOLLUSCUM 093 DICRANUM BONJEANII 094 DICRANUM MAJUS 095 DICRANUM SCOP!'IRIUM 096 DIPLOPHYLLUM ALBJCANS 097 DREPANOCLADUS REVOLVENS oc;a EURYNCHIUM PRAELCNGUM 099 FRULLANIA GERMANA 100 FRULLANIA TAMARISCINUM 101 GYMNOCOLEA INFL.ATA 102 HYLOCOMIUM SPLENDENS 103 HYPNUM CUPRESStFORME 104 HVPNUM ------ERICETORUM ... ,• 105 LEP!DOZIA REPTANS 106 LEPJDOZIA SETACEA \ 107 LEPIDOZIA PINNATA • 108 LOPHOCOLEA BIDENTATA 10·9 LOPHOZ.IA VENTRICGSA 110 MARSUPELLA ~Mti.RGINATA 111 MNIUM HORNUM 112 ~IN tUM MARGINATUN 113 MNIU~4 PUNCT ATUI-1 114 IV.NI U~1 UNDULATUr~ 115 MVL I A· ANOMALA 116 ~YLIA TAYLOR I 117 NARD .I A SCALAR! S 118 ODONTOSCHISMA SP HAGN t 119 PEl LI A EPIPHYLLA 120 PHILONOTIS FONTANA 121 PLAGIOCHILA ASPLENIOIDES 122 PLAGIOCHIL.A SP 1'23 PLAGIOTHEC!UM OENTIClJLATUM 124 PLAGIOTHEC IU~1 UNDULATUM 125 P LEUR 0 Z. I A. PUR PURE A 126 PLEUROZIUM SCHREBERI 127 POLYTRICHUM COr-'IVUNE 128 POLYTRICHUM FORMOSU~ 12<; P0 LY T R I CHU M JUNIPERINUM 130 PO TTl A HEIMIT .131 PTILIOIUM CILIARE 13 2 RHACOMITRIUM LA NU GI NC.S UM 133 P. HYT.ID lADE LPHUS LORE US· ~ 134 RHV T I 0 ! A0 EL P HU S SQUARROSUS 135 RICCARDI A PINGUIS .. 136 SCAPANIA GRACILIS 137 SOLENOSTCM.A CR ENUL ATUtv1 138 SPHAGNUM C:USPICATUM 1.39 SPHAGNUI"l FIMBRIA TUM 140 SPHAGNU"' Mt-GELLAI\ICUM 141 SPHAGNUI'o! CAPILLACEUM 142 SPHAGNUM P.ALUSTRE 14.3 SPHAGNUM PAPILLOSUM 144 SPHAGNUM PLUMULOSUM , 1. r t:"' n11 Art..IIIJ.I nr-r11n\IIIU ...... oJ I I I ,...VI '1\..1 I"! ,, L- ,_,u n v v;·~ 146 SPHAGNUM RUBELLUM 1~·7 SPHAGNUM AURICULA TUM 148 SPHAGNUM I NUNC .ATUM 14q SP HAGNUr-1 TENELLUM 150 THU I DJUt"l T.6.MARA SCI NUM ------

151 PEL T'IGERA CA.NINA 152 lYCOPOD I U~1 SELAGO 153 SEL.A.GINELLA SELAGINOIDES 154 CETRARIA ISLANCICA 155 CLA.DONIA ARBUSCULA 156 CLADONIA CHLOROPHl\EA 157 CLADC:NIA COCClFERA 158 ·C LA DONI A FURCATA 159 CLADONIA GRACILIS 160 Cl.ADONIA IMPEXA 161 CLAD.ON IA MURCATA 162 CLADONIA PITYREA 163 CLADONIA PYX I CAT A 164 CLA.DON·IA UNCI AU S 165 CLADONIA STREPSILIS 166 CLADONIA SUBCERVJCOP.NIS 167 CLADONIA TENUIS 16A CLADONIA SP 169 CORISCIUM VI RIDE 170 CORNICULARIA MURICATA 171 OCHROLECHIA FRIG.IDE 172 SPHAEROPHORUS FRAGILIS 17.3 FRULLANIA DILITATA 174 CLADONIA SQUARROSA 175 CAR EX PUl..ICARIS 176 RANUNCULLS ACRJS 177 PELLIA FABBRCNIANA 178 BRACHYTHEC IUM RUTII.BULUM 179 PEL LI A SP 180 BREUTELIA CHRYSOCCMA 181 SACCOGYNA VITI CULOSA 182 LEONTODON AUTUMNAL IS 183 DREPANOCL .A DUS FLUITANS 184 ELEOCHARIS QUINQUE FLORA 185 CAP. EX DIOICA 186 POT AMOGETON SP 187 TARAXACUM SP 188 CA~1PYL I UM STELLATUM 189 BRYUM PALL ENS 190 CAMPYLOPUS ATROVIRENS 191 CEPHALOZ I ELLA RUBELLA 192 ACR.OCLA D I UM STP..AMIN IUM 193 ANO ECT ANG Il.Jr-1 AESTI \JtJM 194 R.ICCARR.CIA S'INUATA 195 JUNCUS ARTICULATUS 196 CARE X LE P I DOC AR P A 197 PL.ANT AGO MAR. ITH~A 198 E LE OCHAR IS MULTICAULIS 199 PELLtA NEE SlANA

##------## TABLE 5a6 BLANKET BOGc 51 5.3 5"5 0 3 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 l3 3th 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 1~ 1 2 l 3 1 1 1119 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 7 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 111 0 1 11110911 4 8 2 7 5 6 4 6 4 4 0 6 2 2 7 3 0 5 1 4 q 8 5 0 1 .5 1 '• 5 7 5 2 5 1 1 5 5 5 0 3 5 1 8 q 3 6 2 4 7 f 2 g 1 6121815 4 9 9 3 7 l 8 0 3 7 3 2 7 0 1 9 6 6 3 5 1 6 3 6 0 5 7 0 1 7 5 0 2 0 6 0 3 9 8 7 6 1 5 0 7 3 0 9 6 0 3 3 g 1628708

28 ER IO ANGU 1-+++11 1 + 11122+11 1 1 1 + 1 2 1 1 1 2111112+ + 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 CALL VULG 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 3 4 4 2 1 2 3 4 1 4 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 2 3211111+ 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 ALSO : 133 RHYT LORE + l 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + 1 1 1 2 1 2 + 1 + 1 + + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 24 E/V.PE NIGR + + + 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 + 1 2 1 + + + + + 1 1 + 1 1 2 AGRO STOL 437 It AJRA PRAE 320 q CARD PRAT 13 CARE F C 13 327 25 EQUI PALU - 437 30 EUPH AGG 837 71 TRIC CESP + 1 1 1 + 1 2 l 1 1122112 l 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 EUPH SCOT 327 33 FEST RUBR 90 120 162 104 HYPN ERIC + + + + 1 1 + + 1 + 1 + 1 2 1 + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 + + 1 1 45 LUZU PILO 46 LUZU SYLV 1 1 SPHA CAPI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 4 2 + 1 1242311 52 OXAL ACET 320 327 53 PEDI CH 161 163 837 60 POTA POLY 147 62 PRUN VULG 320 327 68 SUCC PRAT 437 70 THYM DRUC 327 75 VIOL PALU 161 3''3 79 ACRO SARM 837 126 PLEU SCHR + 1 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + 1+32211 82 BARB FLOE 261 910 920 85 U,LY FISS 257 102 HYLO SPLE 1 1 + + + + 1 2 2 + + + 3 1 + + 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 1 91 CEPH HAMP 177 97 DREP REVO 13 837 LIST CORD + + 1 + + + + + + + t + 1 1 + + 1 + 1 + 99 FRLL GERt,l 13 ] 05 LEPI REPT 329 10 CARE B INE 1 1 2 1 1 1 + 1 2 + 1 + 1 1 - + + 115 IJYU AN01'1 171 910 6 116 MYLI TAYL 1 256 123 PU,G DENT 177 127 POLY CCr41·1 320 327 785 129 PCL Y ,JUNI 254 131 PTIL CIU 171 137 SOLE CREN 176 130 SPHA FIMB 7 29 f: RI 0 VAGI 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 132111 1 2 1 1 2 2 147 SPrA AURI 147 1!·8 SPHA INUN 14·8 161 160 CLAD H1P E 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 151 PELT CANI 162 327 437 154 CET P ISLA 91 145 255 103 HYFN CUPR 1 2 + 1 2 1 + 1 + 1 1 158 CLAD FURC 10 920 161 CLAD f,lURC 148 151 254 16 7 CLAD TENU 1 l + 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 166 ClAD SUBC 148 254 171 OCHR FR.IG 254 22 DFCS ROTU 1 1 + + + 1 1 1 173 FRUL OI li 171 174 ClAC SQUA 152 51 NART DSSI + + 1 + 2 1 + 1 1 1 1 - + 176 RAf\U ACRI 320 177 DELL Fl\BB 320 118 SOCN SPHA + 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 179 PELL SP 437 180 BREU CHRY 83 7 187 TAR.l\ SP 327 190 U.f'l P .HRO b1

16 CARE PANI + + 1 + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + + + 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 136 SC/lP GRAC + 1 + l 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + 96 O!Pl ALBI 1 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + 132 RHt,C LANU 1 + 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 + 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 1 3 1 + 2 + 2 2 1 2 1 27 ERIC TETR 1 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 + 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 26 ERIC CINE 1 2 + 1 1 1 + + 1 l 1 + + 1 1 1 1 l6l; CLAD UNCI 1 1 J + + + l 1 + + 1 l + 1 1 146 SPHA RUBE 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 143 SPHA P.API 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 l 2 + 1 2 1 1

42 JUI\C SQUA 3 + + + 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 + 1 2 + + 1 + 1 1 2 + + 1 !. + + 1 1 + + + + 61 POTE EREC 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + l + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 1 - + l 1 + 1 2 1 l 50 NARD STRI 1 1 2 + 1 2 + 1 1 3 + 1 l 1 1 AGPO CANI 1 + 1 1 1 + + 1 + + l 1 1

125 PLEU PURP 111111111

138 SPHA CUSP 2 1 1 1 Lt 41 JUNC KOCH 2 + + 1 1 1 1 15 C.liRE NIGR 1 + + + 1 + 12 CAPE ECHI 2 1 - 1 1 1 109 LOPH VENT + + + +

3 .<'.GPO TENU + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 2 + + + 1 108 LOPH BIDE + + + + + + + + + 1 7 BLEC SPIC 320 44 LUZU MUL T + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + 1 18 CERA HOLD 320 111 MN IU HORN + + + + + + 1 1 + + 1 + + + 1 31 EUPH FRIG 162 95 DICR SCOP + + 1 + 1 + + + + 1 + + t,o JUI\JC EFFU 327 86 CALY i~UEL + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + 1 47 MENT AQUt, 171 134 R HYT SQUA 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 55 PFDI SYLV 162 437 124 PU\G UNDU + 1 + 1 2 1 63 RANU FL.41"1 161 343 168 CLAC SP + 1 + + + 3 1 1 l + + + + 3 1 72 TRIF REPE 320 327 100 FR!JL TAMil + 1 + + + 1 + 81 AULA PALU 343 437 785 88 CEPH BICU 256 98 EURY PRAE 86 329 106 LEPI SETA 48 PCU CAEP + 1 10 149 256 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 1 119 PELL EPIP 33 FEST RUBR 1 343 + 128 POLY FOR!''< 173 343 437 59 POLY SERP + + + 1 13.5 RICC PING 67 SIEG OECU 149 327 837 + + 1 1 145 SPHA RECU 160 3 1t3 152 LYCO SELA 1 + + + 150 THUI TAMA 103 173 437 21 DE SC FlEX + + + 1 157 CUHJ COCC 11 CARE OE,'·H + + + 16 123 254 1 + 1 1 2 1 162 CLAD PITY 1 56 PII\G VULG + + + + + 1 17.2 SPH.A FRAG 13 142 SPHA. P/I.LU 1 1 1 2 2 175 CARE PULI 35 GAL! SAXA + 1 + 1 162 837 1 178 BRAC RUTA 320 6 AI\TH ODOR 1 1 + 1 181 SACC VITI 327 34 FEST VIV1 + + + 191 CEPH RUBE 161 75 VIOL P1\LU + 76 VICL RI VI + 1 + + + 87 CMW FLEX + + l 1 147 SP!-'.4 AURI +

93 OICR BONJ + 1 + + 1 + + + 114 I'IN IU UNDU 1 1 + + 1 1 + 144 SPt'r5. PLUM 2 3 3 2 159 CLAD GRAC 1 + 1 1 1 1 17 CAFE P ILU 1 1 1 + 20 CACT ERIC + + 94 D ICR fJ:AJU + l + 271 PEDICUL.dRIS PALUSTR.IS 272 SALIX REPENS 27.3 CARE X HOST! ANA 274 GLYCERI~ FLUITANS 275 MYOSOTI S CAESPITOSA PALUSTR IS 276 PEDICULAR IS =------277 SCHOENUS -~fl G~'"I CANS 278 TARAXACUM SPECTABILE 279 BLINOIA ACUTA 280 CALPOGEIA FISSA 281 CRATONEURON FALC ATUM 282 CAR EX SPo 28.3 PEL LI A FABBRONIANA 284 HYPNUM RESUPINATUM 285 HYPNUM LACUNOSUM 286 CERATODON PURPUREL'S 287 CAM PTOT HEC IUM SERICEUM 288 CEPHALOZIELLA SP

#fl.------·------·------·------·------1##

' • . .·a.··-. ' {) 211 PHILONOTIS FONTANA 212 PLAGIOCHILA ASPLENICIDES 21.3 PLAGIOTHEC IUM DENTICULATUM 214 PLAGIOTHECIUM UNDULATUM 215 PLEUROZIUM SCHREBER I 216 PO_l,Y_I,R I CHUM .COMMUNE ... -. __ ::.,______::_: -=------217 POLYTRICHUM FORMGSUM 218 POL YTRI CHUM GRACILE 219 POLVTRICHUM JU N I p ER I f\ u M 220 POLVTRICHUM NANUM '221 POTTIA HE IM II 222 PSEUDDSCLEROPODIUM PU RUM 223 PTILIDIUM CILIARE 224 RHACOMITRIUM CANESCENS 225 RHACOMITRIUM LANUGINCSUM 226 RHYTIOIAOELPHUS LORE US ' \.. ' 227 RHYTIDIADELPHUS SQUARROSU.S 228 RICCARDI A PI NGlH S 229 SACCOGYNA VITICULOSA 2.30 SCAPANI A GRACiliS 231 SCORPIDIUM SCOR PI DI 01 DES 232 SOLENOSTCMA PUMILUr-1 233 SOLENOSTCMA TRISl'E 234 SPHAGNUM CAP I LLAC Eur~ 235 SPHAGNUM CUSPICATUtl. 236 SPHAGNUM PALUSTRE 237 SPHAGNUM PAPILLOSUM 238 SPHAGNUM PLUMULOSUM 239 SPHAGNUM RUBELLUM 240 SPHAGNU~ INDUNDATUM 241 THUIDIUM TAMARISCINU~ 242 TORT ELLA TOR.T~OSA 243 TORTULA RURALIFORMIS 244 TRICHOSTOMUM BRACH'VDCNTIUM 245 TR 1 CHOS TCMUt-1 CRISPULUM 246 ULOTA PHYLL.ANTHA 247 WEISSIA SP 248 ANAPTYCHIA FURCA 249 CLADONIA SP 250 CLADONIA FURCATA 251 CLADCNIA IMPEXA 252 CLADONIA P'fXIOATA 253 CLADON'IA RANGIFORMIS 254 CLAOGNIA SUBCERVICORNIS 255 CLADONIA TENUIS ... 256 COL LEMA AUR I CUL AlUM 257 LECARNORA ATRA 258 PARMELIA SA XATIL IS 259 PAR MELIA SULCATA 260 PELTIGERA C.I\NINA 261 PHYSCIA SP 262 RAMAL INA ·siLIQUOS.A 263 XANTHORIA PARIETINA 264 SOLIDAGO VIRG.AUREA 265 LOPHOZI A VENTRICGSA 266 TARAXACUM SPECTABILE 267 POLYTRICHUM PILIFERUM 268 CERASTIUM ATROVIRENS 269 RUMEX ACETOSELLA 270 ASTER TRIPOLIUM 151 VIOLA RIVINIANA 152 DR.YOPTERIS DILATATA 153 PTERID:IUM AQUILINUM 154 SELAGINELLA SELAGINGIDES 155 ACROCLADIUM CUSPIDATUM 156 AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPENS . ------157 AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE 158 BARBILOPHOZIA FLOER.Kl I 15CJ BARBULA CONVOLUTA · 160 BARBULA fALL AX 161 BAR BUL A RECURV.IROSTRA 162 BARBULA UNGU J CU LATA .16:3 BRACHYTHEC IUM. ALBICANS 164 BRACHYTPEC IUM R IVULAR E 165 BRACHVTHECIUM RUTABULUM 166 BREUTELIA CHRY SOC0~1A . ...~ , 167 BRYUM SP 168 BRYUM CAPILLARE 169 BRYUM PALL ENS 170 BRYUM PSEUDOTRJQUETRUM 171 CALYPOGEIA MUELLERANA 172 CAM PTOT HEC IUM LUTESCENS 173 CAMPVll UM CHRYSOPHYLLUM 174 CAMPYLIUM STELLA TUM 175 CAMPYLOPUS ATROVIRENS 176 CEPHALOZIA CONN IVENS 177 CHILOSCYPHUS POLYANTHUS 178 CRATCNEUJ:!ON FILl CINUM 179 CTENIDIUM MOLLl:SCUM 180 IJICR.ANELLA HETEROMALLA 181 DICRANUM BONJEANI I 182 DICRANUM SCOPARI UM 183 DIPLOPHYLLUM ALBICANS 184 DREPANOCLADUS REVOLVENS 185 EURYI\ICHIUM PRAELONGUM 186 FISSIDENS ADIANTHOIDES 187 FISSIDENS TAXIFOL IUS 188 FONT! NALI S ANTI PYR ET I CA 189 FRULLANIA FR.AGILIFOLIA 190 FRULLANIA GERM~NA 191 FRULLANIA TAMARISCI 192 GRIMM IA MARITIMA 193 HYPNUM. CUPRESS .I FORME -~ 194 HYPNUM ERICETORUM ... 195 HY LOCOM IU.M SPLENDENS I U~1 I 1"96 I SOTHEC.I MYOSUROIDES ' ! 197 LEJ EUNEA LAt4AC ERINA 1CJ8 LEJEUNEA P .AT ENS 199 LOP HOC OLEA CUSPIOATA 200 MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA 201 METZGER! A FURC~TA 202 . MN I UM HORNUM 203 MNIUM LONG I PO STRUM 204 MNIUM MARGINATUM 205 MNIUM PUNCTA TUM 206 ~NIUM UNDULATUM 207 NARDI A SCALAR! S 208 ORTHOTRICHUM ANOMALUM 2Qc; PEL LI A EPIPHVLLA 210 PELLIA NEESIANA 091 L YCHNI S FLOS-CUCULI 092 MOLIN IA CAERULEA 0'33 MONTI A FCNTANA 094 MYOSOTIS DISCOLOR 095 MYOSOTIS SECUNDA 096 NARDUS STRICTA :_.:.:__ ___ --- 097 NARTHECim1 . --OSS-IF.RAGUM oc;8 PARNASSIA PALUSTRJS 099 PEDICULARIS SYLVATICA 100 PHALARIS ARUND.INACEA 101 PINGUICULA VULGARIS 102 PLANTAGO CORONOPUS 103 PLANTAGO LANCEOL ATA 104 PLANTAGO MAJOR 105 PLANT AGO MARITIMA 106 POA ANNUA I.. 107 POA SUBCAERULEA 108 POA TRIVIAL IS 109 POLYGALA SERPYLLIFOLIA 110 POLYGALA VULGARIS 111 POTENT ILLA ANSER IN A 112 POTENTILLA ERECT A 113 POTENTILLA PALU.STRIS 114 PRIMULA VULGARIS 115 PRUNELLA VULGARIS 116 PUCCINELLI A CAPILLARIS· 117 PUCCINELLI A MARITIMA' 118 RANUNCULlJS ACRIS 119 RANUNCULUS FICARIA 120 RANUNCULUS FLAIVMULA 121 RANUNCULUS REPENS 122 RHINANTHUS 11-1 INOR 123 RUMEX ACETO SA 124 RUMEX CRISPUS 12: RUMEX LONG JFO L IUS 126 SAG INA NOOOSA 127 SAG INA PROCUMBENS 128 SCILLA VERNA 129 S IEGL INGIA DECUMBENS 130 SENECIO AQUAT IOUS 131 SILENE ACAULJS 132 STACHYS PALUSTRIS 13:3 STELLAR IA ALSINE .~ 134 STELLAR IA MEDIA 135 SUCCI SA PRATENSIS ... .136 TARAXACUM OFFICINALE .1.37 THAL IC TRUM ALPINUM 1.38 THY MUS DRUCE I 139 TRICHOPHORUM CESPITOSU~1 140 TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE 141 TRIFOLIUI\I REPENS 142 TR I GLOCHIN MARITIMA 14.3 TR I GLOCH IN PALUSTRIS 144 TRIPLEURQSPERMUM MARITIMUM 145 URTICA DIOICA 146 VERONICA SP 147 VERONICA OFfiCINALIS 148 VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA 149 VI CIA CRACCA 150 VIOLA PALUSTRIS 0~1 CARE X PILULIFER.A 0"32 CAR EX PUll CARIS 033 CARE X SEROTINA 034 CERASTIUM HOLOSTEOIDES 035 CIRSIUM ARVENSE 036 CIRSIUM ~ ltLIJS TR E _ ------037 CIRSIUM VULGARE 0.38 COCHLEARIA OFFICINAL IS 039 CVNOSURUS CRISTATUS 040 DACTYL IS GLOME RATA 041 DACTYL ORCHIS ERICETORUM 042 DACTYLORCHIS PURPURELLA 043 DESCHAMPS IA CAESP ITOSA 044 DESCHAMPS IA FLEXUOSA 045 OROSERA ROTUND I FOLIA 046 ELEOCHARIS QUINQUE FLORA ..· 047 EL YMUS- AREN.ARIUS ' 048 EMPETRUM N.I GR UM 049 EPILOBIUM PALUSTRE 050 EQUISETUM ARVENSE 051 EQUISETUM PALUSTRE 052 ER"IOPHOPUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM 05.3 EUPHRASIA AGG 054 EUPHRAS I A CONFUSA 055 EUPHRASIA FOULAENSIS 056 EUPHRASIA MICRANTHA 057 EUPHRAS lA SCOTTICA 058 FESTUCA RUBRA 059 FESTUCA VI VI PARA 060 FILIPENOULA ULMARIA 061 GALl UM SAXATILE 062 GALIUM VERUM 063 GENTIANELLA CAMPESTRIS 064 GLAUX MARl TI MA 065 HER ACL EUM SPHONDYLIUM 066 HIERACIUM SP 067 HIERACIUM DI LECTUt~ 068 HOLCUS LANATLJS 069 HONKENYA PEPLOIDES 0"10 HYDROCOTYL E VULGARIS 071 HYPERICUM PULCHRUM 072 HYPOCHAERI S RADICATA 073 IRIS PSEUDACORUS •••• 074 JASIGNE MONT ANA 075 JUNCUS AR TI CUL ATUS ... 076 JUNCUS BUFONIUS 077 J·UNCUS CONGLOMER.ATUS 078 JUNCUS EFFUSUS 079 JUNCUS GERARDI I 080 JUNCUS KOCH! I 081 JUNCUS SQUARROSUS 082 LATHVRUS PRATENSIS 083 LEONTODON AUTUMNALIS 084 LINUM CATHART ICUt-1 085 LISTERA CORDATA 086 LOLIUM PERENNE 087 LOTUS CORNICULATUS 088 LUZULA. CAMPESTRIS 089 LUZULA MUL TT FLOR.I\ 090 LUZULA PILOSA ##------·------·------·--·------·------_------::------·------·-----·---·--·-#.#

eeo 000 000 OGe eoo 000 DDO 000 oeo eoo 000 000 000 DDO oee ODO ODO DOe ooa OOD

SPEC.IES LIST ------

TEE SPECIES REFERENCED IN THE TABLES ARE HERE LISTED SEQUENTIALLY ACCORDING TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERS. THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CCNSULTED IN CASES OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO BY THE ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TABLES •

••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 000 ••• 000 ••• 000 ••••••••••••

001 ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM .· 002 ACHILLEA PTARMIC A 003 AGROPYRON REPENS 004 AGROSTIS CAN INA 005 AGROSTI S STOLONIFERA 006 AGROSTIS TENUIS 007 AI RA PRAECOX 008 ALCHEMILLA FILICAULIS 009 ALOPECURUS GEN I CUL AT US 010 AMMOPHILA ARENARIA 011 ANGELICA .SYLVESTRI S · 012 ANT ENNAR I A DIOICA ,. 013 ANTHOXANTHUM ODOR ATUM 014 ANTHYLLIS VULNERARIA 015 ARMER IA MARITIMA ... 016 ATR IPLE X PATULA 017 BELLIS PERENNIS 018 CAL LUNA VULGARIS 019 CALTHA PALUSTRI S 020 CARDAMINE PRATENS IS 021 CARE X ARENARIA 022 CAR EX BINEP.VJ S 023 CARE X . DEMISSA 024 CARE X DIDICA 025 CAR EX ECHINATA 026 CARE X fl.ACCA 027 CARE X LEPIDOCARPA 028 CAR EX NIGRA 029 CARE X OVAL IS 030 CAR EX PANICEA 11:#------·-·------·--·------~------:.------·-----!~------·-~------·------·#:#--·

PHVTOSOCIOLOGICAL TABLE OUTPUT ------THE RELEVES LISTED IN THE TABLE WERE MADE IN (1) THE NUMBERS ACROSS THE TOP OF THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE ARE THE SERIAL NUMBERS CF THE RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION (I.E. WELL WITHIN THE (READING DOWNWARDS). BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITY). THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATURE (2) A MAXIMUM OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE ACROSS ONE PAGE OF A TABLE. WHEN THE SAMPLE SITE. NORMALLY THE QUADRAT SIZE USED NUMBER INVOLVED IS GREATER THAN THIS THE WAS 2M. X 2M. SUBSEQUENT PAGES GF THE TABLE ARE PRINTED BELOW C~E ANOTHER. T~ESE CONTINUATION PAGES ARE READILY IDENTIFIED BY THE ABSENCE OF A liTLE (EXCEPT FOR THE TABLE NUM~ERl. (3) THE SPECIES NAMES AND REFERENCE NUMBERS COVER-ABUNDANCE SCALE ARE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE TABLE. IN CASE OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TC TrE SPECIES TrEY ~EFER TO, CONSULT T~E CCMPLETE SPECIES LISTING AT THE END. SYMBOL COVER/ABUNDANCE

(4) T~E COVER-ABUNDANCE DATA ARE RECORDED IN 5 80% - 1.00% lHE -TABLEo THE DEGREES CF COVER-ABUNCANCE 4 60% - 80~ REPRESENTED BY THE SY~BOLS ARE GIVEN IN 3 40% - 60% T~E TABLE OPPOSITE. DOTS, WHEN PRESENT, 2 20% - 40% ARE EQUIVALENT TO BLA~KSo 1 1% - 20% + <1% (5) RARE SPECIES WITH ONLY FEW OCCURRENCES ADDITIONAL SPECIES ARE PRINTED BENEATH THE TABLE. THE ACCO­ MPANYlhG NUMBERS INDICATE THE RELEVES IN WHICH THEY OCCURRED (6l A LIST IS INCLUDED OF THE LOCATIONS AND GRID REFERENCES OF THE SITES. THERE JUDITH HI LU AMo IS ALSO A LIST OF THE SYNTAXA THAT DEPT • OF BOT ANY, ARE REPRESENTED IN THE TABLE AND REFEREN­ DURHAM UNIVERSITY. CED BY NUMBERS WRITTEN ACROSS THE TOP.

##------·-·------·------·----·-·-----·;______.;. __ .______.______#fl. GRASSLAND SITES

RELE~ NO. LOCATION GRID REFERENCE

011 Calder's Gee,· Esha Ness,· Mainland HU 208787 012 Calder's Gee, Esha Ness, Mainland HU 208788 015 Whi.teness Vee,· .Mainland ·Hu 392462 016 II. II II II 017 II il II II 018 II II II II 027 · · Set.ter, Kergord, Mainland HU 401546 089 Littleness, Spiggie, South Mainland HU 367168 126 Set.ter, Kergord, Mainland HU 401546 · 127 The Wards, Walls, ·Mainland (site ·1) HU 267565 128 Setter, Kergord, Mainland HU ·401546 129 II II II II 130 Cutts., HU 401382 134 Meil, Wes.t Burra HU 375354 . 164 . Loch of Strom, Mainland HU 401492 210 Setter~ Bres~ ay HU 511422 217 Cat firth, Nesting, Mainland HU 438538 218 II 219 II 220 II 221 223 -227 228 229 230. "233 235 237 Catfi.rth, Nesting, MaJ.nland HU 436539 238· II II II II 239 II II II II 240 II II II II 241 II II II II 247 Catfirt~~ Nesting, Mainland HU 438538 249 II II II II -250 Catfirt}1; Nesting, Mainland HU 436539 251 II II II II 252 II II II II 330 WhiteNess·, Mainland HU 385446 331 II II II 332 II II II 333 II II "II 338 II II II 431 Laxo., Nesting, Mainland HU 445636 489 Gluss Vee, North Mainland -(site 2) ~u 357775 539 Dales Vee, Nesting, Mainland (site 1) ~u 409686 540 II II II II 'II 541 II II II II II 545 Dale·s·Voe, Nesting, Mainland (site 2). HU 407685 546 II II II II II 551 II II II II II 552 II II II II II 5"53 II il II II II 554 Holi~garth, Colla Firth, Nesting, Mainlarid HU 423690 555 II II II II II II 556 II II II II II" II 557 II II II II II II 558 II II II II II II 559 II II II II II II 562 ·Colla Firth, Nesting, Mainland HU 433688 RELE.VE NO. LOCATION GRID REFERENCE

571 Colla Firth,·Nesting, Mainland HU 431687 675 Hillside, -, North Mainland HU 357799 690 Sand Voe, North Mainland HU 365909 705 Braga, Whalsay HU 535624 706 II II II 710" Ness, Whalsay II 711 Sy.mbister Ness, Whalsay HU 535619 712 II II II II 718 Sandwick, Whalsay HU "538617 721 Isbister Holm (south) HU 602642 722 II II II .723 II II II 724 II II II 725 Isbister Holm (north) HU 604643 726 II II II 72.7 Sumburgh Head South Mainland (site 1) HU 407083 728 II II II II II 729 II II II II (Site 2 ) II 731 Sumburgh Head, South Mainland (site 2) HU 408085 732 II II II" II II 763 Quendal~, South Mainland (site 3) HU 385125 .764 II II II II 76-5 II II II II 766 II II II II 802 Spiggi~, South Mainland HU 373180 803 II II II II 804 II II II II 805 II II II II 806 II II II II 817 Melby_, Walls, Mainland HU 191576 818 II II II II 819 II II. II II 820 II II II II 830 Sandness, Walls, Mainland HU 194572 831 II II II II 83.2 . II II II II 851 Sarids.ound, Central Mainland HU 361483 852 II II II II 853 II II II II 860 II II II II 891 Utnabrake, Tingwall, Mainland HU 409408 892 II II II II 895 Loch·Tingwall, Mainland HU 414430 896 II II II II 931 Broch, . Mousa HU 458237 932 II II II 933 II II II 934 II II II 935 II II II 936 II II II 937 Green Head, Mousa HU 462233 938 II II II II 939 II II II II 940 II II II II 941 II II II II 945 Dock .. o"f Lingness, Nesting, Mainland HU 488549 9.47 II II II II II 948 II II II II II 952 II II II II II -~ /•

RELEVE NO. LOCA'l~ION GRID REFERENCE

9!)3 The Burr, Eshaness, Mainland HU 216806 II II .,, 954 II II 956 II II II II II 987 Ander Hill, Bressay HU 528411 989 II II II II 990 II II II II 991 II II II II 992 II II II II 1.51 HYLOCDr-11 UM SPLENOENS 152 HYPNUM CU PRESS I FORME 153 HYPNUM ERICETORUM 154 · I SOTHEC I UM MYOSUROIDES 155 LOPHOCOL:EA CUSPIOATA 156 LOPHOZIA _ VENTRICOSA 157 MNIUM HORNUM 158 MNIUM LCNGII

I· . . 194 CLADONIA COCCIFERA · ..·' ·~········. 195 CLADONIA FURCATA ' 1<;6 CLADONIA IMPEX.~ 197 CL A'DON I A SP 198 CORNICULARIA MURICATA 199 PELTIGERA CANINA 200 EMPETRUM NIGRUM 201 ACHILLEA MI LLEFOLIUM 202 RUMEX ACETOSELLA 203 NARTHECIUM OSS I FRAGUfw1 204 RANUNCULUS REPENS 205 S T ELL.AR.I A MEDIA 206 AGROCLADIUM GIGANTEUM 207 t-1A TR !CARlA MATRICOIDES 208 JUNCUS BUFONIUS 209 SPERGULARI A ARVENSIS 210 TRIPLEUROSPERMUM MARI Tlt~UM 091 PINGUICULA VULGAR.IS 092 PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA 093 PLANTAGO MARITIMA 0<;14 POA ANNUA 095 'POA SUBCAERULEA. 096 POA .TRIVIAL IS 097 POLYGALA --·,-~ERPVLLIFOLIA 098 POLYGONUM AMPHIBIUM 099 POT A~OG ETCN POLVGONIFOLIUS 100 POTENTI LLA ANSEl< INA 101 POTENTILLA ERECT A 102 POTENT I l LA PALUSTRIS 103 PRIMULA VULGAR! S 104 PRUNELLA VULGARIS 105 RANUNCULUS AC~IS '-y,::.·\ 106 RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA ,, 107 RHINANTHUS MINOR 108 RUMEX ACETOSA 109 RUMEX CRISPUS 110 SAG INA NODOSA 111 SAG INA PROCUMBENS 112 SAL IX REPENS 113 SCILLA VERNA 114 SIEGLINGIA DECUMBENS 115 SENECIO AQUATICUS 116 SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA 117 ST'ACHYS PALUSTR IS 118 STELLAR! A ALS INE 119 SUCCI SA PRATENSIS 120 TARAXACUM SP 121 TRICHOPHORUM CESP ITO SUM 122 TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE . 123 TRIFOLIUM REP ENS 124 TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMA 125 TR IGLOCHJN PALUSTRIS 126 VI CIA CRACCA 127 VIOLA PALUSTRIS 128 VIOLA RIVINIANA. 129 ACROCLADIUM CORD I FOLIUM 130 ACRO~LADIUM CUSP I DATUM 131 ACROCL AD IUr~ · STRA!.., IN I UM 132 AMBLVSTEGIUM SER.P ENS .. 133 AULACOt-IN IUM · PALUSTRE 1.34 BARBILOPHOZIA . FLOERK I .I '~ 135 BRACHVTHECIUM RIVUL/IRE 136 8RACHYTHEC IUfv1 RUTABULUM 137 BRVUM PALLEN$ 138 BRYUM PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM 139 CAL YPOGE.IA FISSA 140 CALVPOGEIA MUELLER ANA 141 CAMPYLIUM STELLATUM 142 CHI LOSCVPHUS POL VANTHUS 1.43 CLit..,ACIUr-1. DENDROIDES 144 CRATONEURON FILICINUM 145 DICRANUM BONJEANI~ 146 DJPLOPHVLLUM ALBICANS 147 DREPANOCLADUS FLUITANS 148 DREPANOCLADUS REVOLVE I\!$ 149 EURYNCHIUM PRAELONGUM 150 FONTINALIS ANTIPVR~TICA o;1 CIRSIUM PALUSTRE 032 CYNOSURUS CRISTATUS 0:33 DACTYL IS GLDMERATA 034 DACTVLORCHIS ERICETORUM 035 OACTV LORCH IS Pt.JRPURELLA 036 DE SCHAMPSI A CAESPITCSA - -- - -· 037 DESCHAr4PSI A FLEXUOSA 038 DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA 039 ELEOCHARIS MULTI CAULI S 040 ELEOCHARIS PALUSTR IS 041 ELEOCHARIS QU I NQUE F~ CR A 042 EPILOBIUM PALUSTRE 043 EQUISETUM ARVENSE 044 EQUISETUM FLUVIATILE 045 EQUISETUM PALUSTRE :. --, 046 ERICA CINEREA 047 ERICA TETRALI X 048 ERIOPHORUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM 049 ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM 050 EUP HRAS IA SP 051 FESTUCA PRATENSIS 052 FE S TUCA RUBRA 053 FESTUCA VI VI PARA 05lr· FILIPENDULA Ulf\-tARIA 055 GALl Ut4 PALUSTRE 056 GALIUM SAXATILE 057 GLYCERIA FLU I TANS 058 HERACLEUM SPHONDVLI UM 059 HOLCUS LANATUS 060 HORDEUM SP 061 HYOROCOTVLE VULGARIS 062 HYPOCHAERIS RADICATA 063 IRIS PSEUCACORUS 064. JUNCUS ARTICULATUS 065 JUNCUS CONGLOMER.aTUS 066 JUNCUS EFFUSUS 067 JUNCUS KOCH II 068 JUNCUS S CUAR ROSUS 069 LATHVRUS PRATENSIS 070 LEONTODON AUTUMNAL IS 071 LI TTOREL LA UNIFLCRJI 072 LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM 073 LOLIUM PERENNE; 074 LUZULA CAMPESTRIS -~ 075 LUZULA ~1UL T I FLORA 076 LYCHNIS FL OS -CU CUL I 077 MENTHA . AQUATJCA 078 MENYANTHES TR I FOLIA TA 079 MIMULUS GUTTATUS 080 MOLINIA CAERULEA 081 MONT IA FONT ANA 082 MVOSOTIS CAESPITOSA 083 MYOSOTIS DI SC.OLOR 084 MYOSOT J S. SECUNCA 085 MVOSOTI S SP 086 NARDUS STR I CTA oai NYMPHAE A ALBA 088 PEDICULARIS PALUSTRIS 089 PEDICULARIS SYLVATICA 090 PHALARI S ARUN"OINACEA . .

##------~~~~~------~------##·------. - -

••• ooo ooo ooo eoo eoe oOo oeo ooo ••• ooo ••o eoo ••• eoo ••• ooe ••• ooe •••

SPECIES LIST ------·- - ---

THE SPECIES REFERENCED IN THE TABLES . ARE HERE LISTED· SEQUENTIALLY ~CCORDING TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERSa THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CONSULTED IN CASES OF AMBI.GUITV OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO BV THE ABBREVIATIDNS IN THE TABLES a

oeo ooo eoo oao aeo ••• oeo ooo oeo ••• ••• ooo ooo eoo ••• ••• ooe ••• eoo ooo

001 ACHILLEA PTARMICA 002 AGROSTJS CANINA 003 ~GROSTIS STOLONIFERA 004 AGROSTIS ·r ENU IS 005 AIRA PRAECOX 006 .ALOPECURUS GENICULA TUS 007 ANGELICA SYLVESTRIS 008 ANTHOXANTHUM ODOR ATUM 009 ARRHEN.ATHERU.M ELATIUS 010 BELLIS PERENNIS 011 ELYSMUS RUFUS 012 'CALLI TRICHE HERM~PHRODITICA 013 CALLITRICHE STAGNALIS 014 CALL UNA VULGARIS 015 CALTHA PALUST~IS· 016 CARDAMINE PRATENSIS 017 CAR EX BINERVIS 018 CARE X DEMISSA 019 CAR EX DIOICA 020 CARE X ECHINAT A 021 CARE X FLACCA 022 CAR EX HOST I'ANA 023 CARE X. NIGRA 024 CARE X OVALIS 025 CAR EX PANICEA 026 CARE X PILULIFERA 0'27 -CAR EX PULICARIS 028 CARE X PO.ST.R AT A 029 · CERASTIUM HOLOSTEOIDES 030 CIRSIUM ARVENSE ##------·------·------.... ------·::-:-·-:-.:::.:-_~------·------·------·------..------:---:-~:-:-·-:-_:--##

PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL TABLE OUTPUT ------THE RELEVES LIST~D IN THE TABLE WERE MADE IN (11 THE NUMBERS ACROSS THE TOP OF THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE ARE T~E SERIAL NUMBERS OF T~E RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION floEo WELL WITHIN THE (READING DOWNWARDS)o BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITYio THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATURE (2) A ~AXIMUM OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE ACROSS CNE PAGE OF A TABLEo ~HEN THE SAMPLE SITEo NORMALLY THE QUADRAT SIZE USED NUMBER INVOLVED IS GREATER THAN THIS THE WAS 2M •. X 2M. SUBSEQUENT PAGES OF THE TABLE ARE PRINTED BELOW GNE ANOTHERo T~ESE CONTINUATION PAGES ARE READILY IDENTIFIED BY THE ABSENCE OF A TITLE (EXCEPT FOR THE TABLE NUMBERio. (3) THE SPECIES NAMES AND REFERENCE NUMBERS COVER-ABUNDANCE SCALE ARE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-~AND SIDE OF THE TABLEo lN CASE OF AMBIGUITY OR DGUBT AS TO THE SPECIES THEY REFER ·To, CONSULT TEE COMPLETE SPE~IES LISTING AT TH __ E END. SYMBOL COVER/.ABUNC ANCE

(4) T~E COVER-ABUNDANCE DATA ARE RECORDED IN 5 80% 100% THE TABLEo THE DEGREES OF COVER-ABUNCANCE 4 60% - 80~ REPRESENTED BY THE SYMBOLS ARE GIVEN IN 3 40% - 60~ THE TABLE OPPOSITE. DOTS, WHEN PRESENT, 2 20% - ·4C~ . ' ARE EQUIVAL-ENT TO BLANKSo 1 1% 20t + <1% (5) RARE SPECIES WITH ONLY FEW OCCURRENCES ADDITIONAL SPECIES ARE P~INTED BENEATH THE TABLEo THE ACCO­ MPANYING NUMBERS INCICATE T~E RELEVES IN W~ICH T~EY OCCURRED (6) A LIST IS INCLUDED OF. THE LOCATIONS AND GRID REFERENCES OF ThE SITES. THERE JUDITH HILLIAMo IS ALSO A LIST OF THE SYNTAXA THAT DEPTo OF BOTANY, ARE REPRESENTED lN 'THE TABLE AND REFEREN­ OU~HAM UNIVERSITY. CED B~ NUMBERS WRITTEN ACROSS THE TOP.

##------·------:------·------##- . ,·t -'"'• .. - •• WET MEADOWS SITES.

RELEVE NO. LOCATION. GRID REF.

011 White Ness voe, Mainland. HU 393461 012 " " " " " 013 " " " " " 014 " " " " " 08~, Littleness, Spiggie, S. Mainland. HU 367168 085 " " " " 086 " " " " 087 " " " " 088 " " " " 090 Spiggie(north end), S. Mainland. HU 369177 091 " " " 092 li " " 093 " " " 122 , Lunnasting, Mainland. HU 481652 131 Cutts, Trondra. HU 401382 132 II II " 262 ·Brough, Toft, Delting, Mainlan~(site 1) HU 432777 263 " " " " " 264 ~rough, Toft, Delting, Mainland(site 2) HU 434776 265 " " " " " 266 " " " " " 267 " " " " " 268 " " " " " 336 White Ness, Mainland. HU 385446 337 " " " " 426 Lax~, Nesting, Mainland. HU 445636 427 " " " " 428 " " " " 429 " " " " 430 " " " " 432 " " " " 433 " " II " 490 Gluss Voe, North Mainland(site: 2) HU 357775 491 " " " " " 547 Dales V~e, Delting, Mainland(site 2) HU 407685 54.9 " " " " " 671 Hillside, .Ollaberry, N .Mainland. HU 357799 672 II " " " 673 II " " " 676 " II ... " 677 " " " " 713 Symb~ster Ness, Whalsay. HU 537616 714 ... " II " 715 " " " " 716 " " " II 767 Spiggie/Brow Lochs, South Mainland. HU 380156 768 " " " " II 769 " " " " II 770 n " " " " .. ~- .... -...... _. ·. ··~ ...... ·:·- ·:· •-;_._ .. :·:.<' '• ..... f~.·f:::

·: RELEVE NO. LOCATION. GRID REF.

771 Spiggie/Brow Lochs, South Mainland. HU 380156 772 II II II II II 773 II II II II II• 77.4 II II II II II 775 II II II II II 776 II II II II II 777 II II II II II 778 II II II II II 779 II II II II II 780 II " " II II 781 " " " .II II 782 II II " II II 784 Loch of Br~ '" . South Mainland. HU 381159 786 II II II II II 787 " " II II II 788 ·Loch of Spiggie, · South Mainland. HU 379158 789 II II II II II 790 II II II II II 791 II. II II II II 793 II II II II II 841 Stennestwatt, Walls, Mainla~d. HU. 242519 (nr. Loch of Flatpunds) 842 II II II "II 846 II " II II 854 Sandsound, Central Mainland. HU 361483 893 Utn~brake, Tingwall, Mainlane. HU. 409408 894 II II II II 897 " II " II 898 II II II II 899 II II " II 900 II II II " 950 pock of Lingness, Nesting, Mminland. HU 488549 951 " " II II II TABLE 5.5 Syntaxa: wet meadow communities.

40: Waterside community~ Calthion palustris.(5.5.2.1) . . 41: Carex rostrata - Menyanthes trifoliata community. Carex rostrata-Menyanthes trifoliata Ass.(5.5.2.2) 42:: Potentilla palustris community. Caricion·lasiocarpae.(5.5.2.3.p.p.) 43: · Potentilla palustris community. Caricion lasiocarpae.(5.5 .. 2.j.p.p.) 44: Potentilla palustris community.

Cariciort la~iocarpae.(5.5.2.3.p.p.) 45: Grassland flushes.

Pinguic~lo-Caricetum dioicae, eleocharetosum

typicum·.:(5 ~5 .2 .4)

46: Acidic w~t. meadows - Viola palustris community. Caricion curto-nigrae.(5.5.2.5.1) 47:· Acidic we·t.ineadows. Carex- Sphagnum recurvum nodum.(5.5.2.5.2) 48: Caltha palustris meadOws. Calthion palustris.(5.5.2.6) 49: Wet grasslands - Juncus conglomeratus nodum. Calthion palustris.(5.5.2.7.1) SO: Wet grasslands. Molinietalia community-(5.5.2.7.2) \ ! I TABLE ,,il I S~NTF\I<'ON': 4 "f 4\? 40 ...!-4 :,_1 -, 4-2. 43 44 4 5 ''I '+9 1 7 9 7 7 7 o o o 1111'7 R 7\rh:-, -.-~-.-,.:.7,=..7_7--7-7'ilr:7:-:7;_7_7_',1·1'?C:."·-::--:. 111r---- 01~"1z::-z:-:z::-7::-·""z ''1'::a-6:-~~.-=:-4...,2-·8-·-7-o-c-6 e 1 1 g 7 8 8 3 6 0 0 0 i: 0 66''227~0 1 o71'11"4 4 s-;;-tL, ,, ,, 4 7 9 o o o 9 9-;1 • 9 9 9 9 7 7 7 4 7 7 7 6 6 7 8 B 7 7 8 7 q B 8 3 4 4 3 7 1 1 gi:s 7 7 6 6 1 ? B 8 6 6 6 8 6 9 1 9 s 6 9 ~ l 4 7 q 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 q 2 2 3 3 3 8 0 8 9 9 5 4 5 4 0 3 1 3 0 l 3 8 5 6 6 7 4 1 1 8 0 ~ 8 2 J 1 ~ "v •.• 2 1 1 2 77214;15 1235666 7 4 2 6 4 7 8 6 0 l 8 7 g 3 9 3 4 5 4 2 2 1 6 7 g 8 9 2 3 0 0 0 8 2 3 1 7 4

!Iij II ,,ii II l 11++-i++2 + 23 CARE NIGR + 2 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 !ill l 1 + 1 1 1 + l 2 • I 2 l 1 1 3 l 1 ' 3 AGRO STOL + 2 2 2 2 1 2 + 1 1 + + 1 1 2 I 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ij 2 1 1 2 J 1 l 1 1 l J 1 1 2 2 2 3 .. ! 15 CALT PALU )_ + • 1 + 1 l + + + 1 1 !: 1 2 • 3 1 t 1 + 1 1 2 l 2 + + 3 + 1 l + ,,ii ':1 I. &4 JUNC ART l 1 2 1 1 t 1 1 2 1 J 1 2 • + 1 • + • • 2 2 + 1 I + 2 1 2 2 2 108 RUME ACET + + + 1 + + 1 + + + + l 1 1 • 1 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 2 1 l + l • 1 l I ', + + 2 + ' l • 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 l + 2 • • 1 1 l 2 1 212?.121 t 1 1 + + t 2 1 59 HOLC LANA + 1 + l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 . + + 1 'I 8 ANTH ODOR 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 l+-lllllf-11+2 211 212 211 121 1 1 1 1 + 2 l I! I 1C5 RANlJ 1\CR I 1 t 1 1 + 1 + t 1 1 • ., 1 + + 1+· +1111 2 4 1 l + 1 2++t+3+ + + 1 1 1 l 'I 'i i . ·: 1 1 • 1 1 + 1 + + + + 1 + + +· 1 1 101 POlE EHEC • I ! 20 CMU:; ECHI 1 1 1 1 1 22111 + + 1 1 l 2 .. 1 + 1 2 1 116 RHYT $QUA 1 1 • 1 l + + 1 + 1 2 + 1 + + 1 1 +

107 PI·HN f1PW 1+ ++11+1112 + + + + + + 'I • • • ' ' 52 FE 51 RUBR 1 t 2 2 1 + 1 3 1 1 li! + 1 1 1 + 1 1 2 l 1 4 f.GRG TENU + l "II + 1 + 1 + + 1 1 l 1 + 1 1 il !i 63 IRIS PSEU + + 4 1 2 .,!I + 2 1 4 2 1 3 3 2 FIll UlMt, + + + 54 '

10 BELL PERE 1 + + + ~ + + l 1 i ].36 RR/\C RUT A + + • + + I 34 DACT ERIC .. + 1' . + 1 1 161 MNIU UNDU + + + + /.:.'2 1 1 2 t + 81 1'1-CI\T FCt\T + 1 + t + 1 1 + + + 1 155 LOP!' CUSP + + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 l + + + 1 2. i 160 MN HI PUNC + + 1 + + + 1 1 + + • + 2 • + . • , I 31 CIRS PALU + 1 + + + + + + + 14<:1 EURY PRAE + + 1 + + l + + + 2 :! "'f'

;: l I' . , 75 LUZU /c1UL T + i' ' + 1 + + .f. + + + + + + 104 PRON VULG + + + 1 + + + + 1 + + + 2 1 + + ' ,' ~-j 0 EUPH SP 1 1 1 + • :i + + + + l l + 1 + lP SUCC PRAT -4- 2 + + +.I l + + l + + l + l + + .+ 1 l l + i 164 PEll E:PIP 2 l 2 lill l l + + + + 1 • 1 l l 1 16 CARD ?RAT + + + + t t • + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + t 1 + I + + t_ '1 + of· + ... + + n LYCH FLOS + + 1 + + + :r 1 • + + --~. 1 29 CEFA HCLO 1 + + 1 + • + • + t + + + 1+lt++ ++ + l 123 TRIC REPF 1 + + 1 + • + + 1 l 1 + 1 + 1 1 :1 +1-1111+1+ 1 2 1 + + 1 158 MNliJ LONG 1 + 3 + 1 2 32 CYND fRI S • 1 + 1 1 2 2 l 1 1 + .,' 'I . I ' I 39 ELFO MUll 1 2 it 1 1 J. + + 2 I 71 LIH UNIF 1 2 2 + . I '

i 79 f'l, I r<-U GliTT + + I' 40 CLEO PAUl + 82 MYOS CAES l l 1 + 98 PCL Y t\NPH 2 1 1 + 2 55 Gill! PALU + + + ) + + + + + + + 1 77 MENT AQUA + 2 1 2 + + + 1 • 1 + + 1 1 + 2 . I 99 PCTA POLY + 1 + - ·t 3 t + \! i 78 t~E~Y TR!F 114+1141 1 1 2 1 • 44 EQU! FLUV + + + + 2 2 1 1 l 2 1 1 l l + 1 l 2 1 I 1 l + 1 ! 1 . i 12" A.CRfl CllRil 2 1 1 2 1 2 + + + + 1 l : i I ' ! \ ·r 1t 5 EQUI PALU 1 1 + 1 1 1 111 I~>l 1 + 1 l 42 HIL PALU + + + + • + + + • + +1 ++ + .. ·++ l 7 MIGE SYLV + + 1 1 + -t + + 1 + • 35 GACT PURP • + + + :1 + • + + • 70 UON AUTU + + ++lll+ + i! + + + + + l 1 + ] + 1+++++ l + 25 CARl' PAN! 1 • 1 2 1 2 1 • • 1 1 2 + ll++l • ~I + 115 Sc~E AQUA l 1 1 + + + t + + +, + + + ,. 1 + + 2 61 HYDP. VIJLG 1+ 1++ 2 + + 1 +- 1 l 1 • t 1 l t + + + -f· 1 + 1 + + 130 ACR<> CUSP + I "3 1 + 1 1 J 1 1 I " 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 106 RHU FLMI 1 1 + t + 1 + + + + • 1 + ! ~11 + ; • 1 + + +:. l . + l t J 1 + 1 2 48 [R!O ANGU 1 1 ++ 1+3.2+2 ? l 1 1 2 + • 1 I , 67 JU~;C KOCH l 1 1 l l2+l+li!l t 2 + + • 1 + 1 28 CARE RCST 1 + ;· + 102 POTE OALU + + - 1 + + 2 1 2 + l 1 3 2 + 1 + 2 !I 2 l 1 1 1 +

i ,, I 11 BLYS RUFU 2 1 " ' 12.4 TRIG MARl + • ~ I 22 CAFE HOST l 2 i 1 1 :I 88 PEDl PAUJ + + 1 il + + + I •· + I 148 DREP REVG + 1 2 2 + ;i + 1 l I 125 TR !G PALlJ + + + + + l + ·' + + 1 + 177 0 .lCC PING 1 +1+1+' + ~ ! 18 CARP OEM! l l + I 141 CM1P ST EL 1 1 1 + . i 27 CARE PULl + ·t 1 1 'I 2 I 91 PING VULG 1 + + + • + . i .· 80 MOLl CAEP + l ], I ' :I

J 203 i'

:I !I

I

I 127 VIOL PALU + + + + 1 + 1 14 CALL VULG 1 . •· + 65 ,lUNG CONG + l 2 + !87 5PHA PLU~I ' 1 2 ' 157 t·'N!U HORN + •· + + 2 ? + 6B ,I UNC SQUA + + l + + 86 NARD STR I + • + l 1 + 1 66 JUNC EFFU 1 1 1 + l 1 1 133 AULA PALU + + 1 184 SPH.4 !NUN 1 ?. • 2 188 SPHA PfCU :>!2+1 i '. ~ ~ i I •, i . ' - 1 1 I 43 EQl~I ARVE + 1 1 1 '· ·: 51 FEST PR,>T + 1 + + 1 ,, 56 GAU SAXA + + + + 92 PLAN lANC + 1 1 • llLr SI EG DECU + + + 1 + . ~ i 163 NARD SCAL l t + + + 2 1 1 + ' 170 POLY C0~1~1 • 179 SCAP GRAC 1 + + + l

i ' . '

A IRA PRAE 336 2 AGRO CAN1 262 263 ?36 5 : 1 ACH! PHR 131 781 790 11 BlYS RUFU l.l 12 893 9 ARR ~ ELAT 429 '+3~ '.' 6 ~LOP GEN! 18 CARE OE"H 337 672 6'17 I l7 CARl: 8HIE 336 i; 12 (/ILl Ff:Pt.\ 713 2l~ CAI\E OVAL 854 21 CARE ~LAC 337 711 lP 19 CARE D!Ol 677 33 DACT GLOM 429 30 ClPS ~RVE 92 336 26 CARE PllU 336 ELEO P AI.U 775 38 DRDS R!JTU 12 265 266 40 36 DESC CAES 122 FEST VIV! 263 /+9 ER I~J VAGI 263 770 5'1 41 ELE~ QU!N f..·77 HYPO RAD! -'--.27 58 HERA SPHCl 429 62 57 GL VC FLIJ l 268 7101 LOll PERE R

RELEVE NO. LOCATION. GRID REF.

001 Whiteness Voe, Mainland. HU 394462 002 II II II II 003 II "II II II 004 II II II II op5 II II II II 007 II II II II op8 II II II II 00~ II II II II 12"3 . Vid.lin, Lunnasting, Mainland. HU 481652· 124 II II II II 473 Ell Wick, North Mainland. HU 345679 474 .... II II II II 475 II II II II II 476 II II II II II 47:7 II II II II II 478 II II II II II 488 Gluss voe, North Mainland(site 1). HU 358766 493 . Gluss Voe, North Mainland(site 2) HU 355775 494 II II II II II .II 495 II II II II II II 496 II II II II II II 497 II II II II II ·II 498 II II II II II II 499 II II II II II II 500 II II II II II II 501 II II II II II II 502 II II II II II II 532 .Dales Voe, Delting,Mainland(site 1) HU 409686 533 .II II II II II II 534 II II II II II II 535 II II II II II II 536 II· II II II "II II 537 ;, II II II II II 538 II II II II II II 542 II II II II II II 563 Colla Firth, Del ting, Jv1ainland. · HU 433688 564 II· II II II II 565 II II II II II 566 II II II II II 567 II II II II II 568 II II II II II ·569 II II II II II 695 . ··Burr a Voe, North Mainland. HU.". 367885 696 II II II" II II 697 II II II II II 698 II ·II II II II 699· II II " II 700 II II II II II 861 Tresta voe, Aithsting, Mainland. HU 358504

II II 862 II II II ••

RELEVE NO. LOCATION. GRID REF.

863 Tresta Voe, Aithsting, Mainland. HU 359504 864 " " " " II 865 " " " " II 866 " " " " " 867 " " " " " 868 " " " " " 869 " " " " " 870 " " " " II .872 .Ness of Bixter, Aithsting, Mainland. HU 343519 •873 " " II " II 874 " " " " " 875 " " " " II 876 " " " " " 877 " " " " " 878 " " " " " 879 " " II " " 884 :.Bridg~ of Fitch, Central Mainland. .HU 435435 885 II " " " " 886 " " " " " 888 " " " " " 889 " " II II II' 891 " " " " ... TABLE 5.3. Syn~axa: salt marsh communities.

17: Species rich upper salt marsh community. Juncetum gerardii subass. Leontodon autumnalis.(5.3.2.l.p.p.) 18: Species rich upper salt marsh community.

Holcus lanatus- Juncus effu~us nodum.(5.3.2.l.p.. p.) 19: .Species·rich upper salt marsh· community -·Agrostis tenuis nodum.

Moliniet~lia.(5.3.2.l.l.p.p.) 20: Species poor upper salt marsh·community. Saginion maritimae.(5.3.2.1.2) 21: Eleocharis quinqueflora flushes. Eleocharetum uniglumis, Shetland variant.(5.3.2.2) 22: Triglochin maritima zone. Festuca -_·Armeria nodum. (5.3.2.3.p.p.) 23: Triglochin· maritima zone. Festuca- Puccinellia nodum.(5.3.2.3.p.p.) 24: Spergularia marina community. Puccinellio-Spergularion salinae.(5.3.2.4) 25: Nostoc and Rhizoclonium variant, algal community." Festuca - Turf fucoid nodum. Puccinellion maritimae.(5.3.2.5.p.p) • 26: Nostoc, Rhi·zoclonium, and Fucus variant, algal community,Festuca - Turf fucoid_ nodum. Puccinellion maritimae. ( 5. 3. 2. 5 .p .p.) 27: Aphanocapsa/Gleocapsa and Fucus variant, Festuca - Turf fucoid nodum. Puccinellion maritimae.(5.3.2.5.p.p.) ##------~------##

oee ooo ••• oeo ••• ooo ooe ooo o8o eoo ooo ••• ooo ooo ooe ooo oeo ooo· ooo ooo

SPEC IE S L.I ST ------

THE S P EC 1 ES · RE FE REN CE 0 I N THE T A-B LE S ARE HERE L'ISTED SEQUENTIALLY ACCORDING TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERS. THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CONSULTED IN CASES OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO By- THE ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TABLES.,

..... • 0 • ••• ..... OfiO • 0. fiOO 000 000 .• 0 0 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 OfiO OOG

; ~· 001 : AGROSTI S STOLGNICERA 'I 002 AGROST I·S TENIJI S 003 ANT-ENNARIA DIOICA 004 ANTHOXANTH UM ODOR ATUM 005 ARMJ:RIA MARITIMA 006 ATRIPLEX P 1\TU LA 007 BELLIS PERENNIS 008 BL YS.MUS RUFUS 009 CAL LUNA VULGARIS 010 CALTHA P!\LUSTRIS 011 CARDAMINE PRAT ENS IS 012 CARE X DEMISSA I ! 01.3 CAR. EX DIOICA 014 CAP. EX ECHINATA -'I 015 CARE X FLACCA II 016 CAR EX NIGRA 017 CARE X PANICEA 018 CARE X SEROTI NA 019 CERASTIUM HOLOSTEOIDES 020 CI RSilH·1 PALUSTRE 021 COCHLEAR IA OFFICINAL IS 022 ELEOCHARIS MULTIFLORA 023 EL EOCHAP. IS QUI NQUEF LORA 024 EQUISETUM PALUSTRE 025 ERICA TETRALI X 026 ERIOPHORUM ANGUSTI FOL! UM 027 EUPHRAS I A AGG 028 FE STUCA -. RUBRA 029 . GLAUX MARITIMA 030 HOLCUS LANATUS »#------~------##

PHVTOSOCIOLOGICAL TABLE OUTPUT ======THE RELEVES LISTED IN THE TABLE WERE MADE IN (11 THE NUMBERS ACROSS THE TOP OF THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE _ARE THE SERIAL NUMBERS OF THE RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION fioEo WELL WITHIN THE (READING DOWNWARDSI. BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITYio THEY ~RE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATURE ( 21 ~ A-M-AX IMUt-1 OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE ACROSS ONE PAGE OF A TABLEo WHEN THE SAMPLE SITE. NORMALLY THE QUADRAT SIZE USED 1\UMBEFC- INVOLVED IS GREATER THAN THIS THE WAS 2M o X 2~-1. ·suBSEQUENT PAGES OF THE TABLE ARE 'PRINTED BELOW ONE ANOTHER. THESE .CONTINUATION PAGES ARE READILY .IDENTIFIED BY THE AB.SENCE OF A TITLE (EXCEPT FOR THE TABLE NUMBERio

(31 THE SPECIES NAMES AND REFERENCE NUMBERS COVER-ABUNDANCE SC~LE ARE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-~ANO SIDE OF T~E TABLEo IN CASE. OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES THEY REFER TO, CONSULT THE CCMPLETE SPECIES LISTING AT· THE END. SYMBOL COVER /ABUNDANCE

(41 THE COVER-ABUNDANCE DATA ARE RECORDED IN 5 80~ - 100% T~E TABLE. THE DEGREES OF COVER-ABUNDANCE 4 60%' - 80% REPRESENTED BY THE SYMBOLS ARE GIVEN IN 3 40% - 60% THE T~BLE OPPOSITE. DOTS, W~EN PRESENT, 2 20% - 40% ARE EQUIVALENT TO BLANKS. 1 1% - 20~ + <1% .. ( 5 , RARE SPECIES WITH ONLY FEW OCCURRENCES ADDITIONAL SPECIES ARE PRINTED BENEATH THE TABLE. THE ·ACCO­ MPANYING NUMBERS INDICATE THE RELEVES IN WHICH T~EY OCCURRED ( 6 , A 'LIST IS INCLUDED OF THE LOCATIONS .ANb GRID REFERENCES OF THE SITES. THERE JUDITH HlLLIAMo IS ALSO-A LIST OF THE SYNTAXA THAT DE P To OF BOTANY , ARE REPRESENTED IN THE TABLE AND REFEREN­ DURHAM UNIVERSITY. ·cED B~ NUMBERS WRITTEN ACROSS THE TOPo

##------## 091. SCAPAN!A GRACI US 092 SOLENOSTOMA TRISTE . 993 APHANOC_A PS A SP Qg4 ENTEROMORPHA SP 095 FUCUS VESICUL OSUS Oc:l6 GLE.OCAPSA. · SP 097 NOSTOC SP 098 OSCILLATOR IA SP 099 POL VI DES SP 100 RHIZOCLONIUM SP 101 VMJCHER I A SP 102 BRYUM SP 103 SENEC I 0 AQUATICUS 104 CLADOPHORA SP . 105 CAMP YL I UM SP 106 IS OT HE C.I UM MYOSUROIDES 107 CARE X LEPIDOCtlRPA 108 CARE X HOSTJ ANA

~#---~~~------~-----~~--~----~------~------~------~------## ~-----

031 HY DR OC OT YL E VULGARE 032 HYPERICUtJ, PULCHRUM -· 033 JUNCUS ARTICULA.TUS 034 JUNCUS · EFFUSUS 0.35 JUNCUS GERA.RDI I 036 JUNCUS KOCH I I 037 JUNCUS SQUARROSUS 0.38 LEONTODON .~UTU MNA LIS 039 LUZULA MULTIFLORA 040 LYCHNIS FLOS-CUCUL I 041 MDLI NI A CAERULEA 042 NARDUS, STRICTA 043 PEDICULARIS SYLVAT!CA

I 044 PINGUICULA VULGARIS / 045 PLANT AGO CORONOPUS ., 046 PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA ·047 PLANTAGO MARITIMA 048 POA ANNUA 049 POA SUBCA"ERULEA 050 POTENT ILLA ERECT A 051 PUCCINELLI A MARITIMA 052 RANUNCULUS FLAM MULA 053 RH!NANTHUS MINOR . 054 RU~1E X LONGJFOLIUS 055 SAG INA NODOSA 056 SAG!NA PROCUMBENS 057 SALICORNIA · SP 058 SCHOENUS NtGRICANS 059 SIEGLING!A DECUMBENS 06(). SPE-RGULARI A MARINA 061 SPERGULARIA MEDIA 062 SUCCI SA PRAT ENS IS 063 THAL IC TRUM ALPINUM 064 TRIFOLIUM REPENS 065 TRIGLOCHIN PALUSTRIS "066 TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMA 067 T R I P l. E u·R CS PER MUM MARITIMUM 068 SE LAG I NEllA SELAGINOIDES 069 PELTIGERA CAN INA 070 ACROCLADIUM CUSP IlJATU M 071 AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPENS 072 BRACHYTHEC IUM RUTABULUM ,1. 073 BRYUM PS EUDOT R I QU ETRUM 074 CAMPYL IllM POLYGAMUM - ., 075 DIPLOPHYLLUM ALB I CANS .. 076 DREPANOCLADUS REVOLVENS 077 EURHYNCHJUM PRAELONGUM 078 FRULLANIA TAMAR IS CTNUM 079 GRIMMIA MARITIMA 080 HYLOCOtHUM · SPLENDENS . 081 HYPNUM CUPRESS.I FOFIME 082 HYPNUM ERJCETORUM. 083 HYPNUM RESUPINATUM 084 LEPTODICTYON RJPARIUM 085 LOPHOCOLEA CUSPTDATA 086 MNIUM HORNUM 087 f'LEUROZ I UM SCHREBERI 088 ·P.HACOMITRTUM · L ANUG INOSUM 089 RHYTI D I ADE LPHUS SQUARROSUS 090 RICCARDIA PJNGUIS TABLE 5.3 LT ..

r~ 6 0 4 8 f4"'8t 9 0 9 6 0 0 0 6 6 9 g 9 7 9 q 7 6 8 7 6 6 6 6 9 0 q 2 6 7 3 6 8 6 9 0 2 7 7 3 0 1 9 8 7 3 7 8 0 6 8 0 7 7 4 8 3 2 1 6 6 3 7 8 8 5 6 3 2 9 4 1 3 8 9 8 9 0 3 7 5 6 5 4 4 9 0 4 5 6 7 2 4 5 5 2 8 6 5 9 8 1

1 + 2 1 1 2 + 2 1 2 1 + 4 3 1 1 + 2 3 + + 1 1 1 3 1 2 + l 2 2 + 1 1 3 2 3 + + 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 + 2 FEST RUBR + 2 2 3 1 2 + 1 + 2 + 4 3 + 2 3 1 1 1 + 1 3 3 3 + 1 2 3 2 + + 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 + 2 + 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 + 2 2 + + + + Pl MARI 1 1 2 1 + 1 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + 1 + 1 2 2 + + 3 1 2 1 1 1 I + 1 21 11 1 1+1+ 1+ +++ + + + + 5 ARYE MAR 2 + 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + + + + 1 + 2 1 2 1 2 29 GL MARl + 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 + 1 + 2 1 + + + + +

+ + + 3 2 1 1 1 1 + + 2 1 1 A 0 STOl + + 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 + 2 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 35 ,HJNC GERA l 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 66 TRIG r~ARI + + 1 2

2 AGRO TENU 1 1 + 1 + + 1 t 1 89 RHYT SQUA + + 2 + + + 1 1 + + + + 4 A + 19 C A + 1 + + 48 POA ANNU 1 + 1 + + 27 PH G + + 1 + 46 PLAN lANC + 1 49 POA SUBC 1 6CJ PE CAN I 1 + + 76 DREP vo 2 +

1 1 2 + 2 + 3 1 2 1 + 1 45 PLAN CORD 1 + 1 1 + 1 + l + 1 1 + 1 2 + + + + 1 1 + 1 1 56 SAGI PROC + + 1 FI + + + 1 + 1 + + l + + 1 21 c + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + 2 + + 77 EURH PRAE + + + + 1 + 38 LECN AUTU + lYCH FLOS + H C LANA 2

+ 1 42 NARD STRI 1 1 l + 1 1 + 64 iRIF REPE 1 l 1 1 7 A 0 CUSP + 1 2 3 JUNC KOCH 1 13 CARE DIOI l 15 CARE AC +

+ + 1 + + 1 + 1 16 C E NI + l + + 1 1 1 1 33 JUNC ARTI + + 3 1 2 + 1 1 2 l 23 ELEO QU IN 1 17 CARE PANl + + 3 2 IO ANGU + 52 RAMJ FLAM + 1 8 BlYS RUFU

1 1 + 65 PALU 2 1 1 1 51 MARl

3 2 3 3 1 APHA SP 1 2 2 + 1 1 + + 1 2 + 2 2 2 + 1 CJ5 fUCU VESI 3 +l 2 1 1 2 2 + 3 1 2 + 97 SP t 2 3 1 2 2 + 3 4 2 3 2 PHIZ I

2 1 1 1 + SPER MARl +

AlSO :

BUS RUFU 474 538 7 BEll 5 8 6 ATRI PATU 1 2 CAfE FLAC 874 13 RE 3 15 11 CARD 889 Clffi PAlU 874 18 C E 473 477 17 CARE PANI 5 HV!R VULG 5 30 HOLC 8 8 24 E I PALU 488 695 PHI 5 H 501 43 SYLV J c FU E74 889 52 RArU FLAM 5 861 862 49 POA 2 473 874 46 PL/lN LANC 5 59 S IIG DECU 1 55 SAGI 865 890 54 RU TRIP MARl 1 5 71 AMIL SERP 61 SP 8 GR M MARI 6()8 863 75 DIPL ALB! 5 8 79 72 BR 6 91 1P GRAC 8 r~N IU 3 84 LEPT CAt-J? SP 5 103 SE AQUA 501 1 98 OSCI 488 IS 107 CARE LEPI TABLE 5o2 sAND DUNES D OT 08 oq. lO 12. 13 11.1- IS 16 l7 1 ail1 1 1 1& 17 1 a 1 at h 1 9 1 9 9 · 1 s 6\ 17 1 ; 7 7. 71'77ll <; 9 9· 1 1\\ 1 9 9 a\{7=·-_7_7_7(( 1 1 1\ 6 6 0 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 2 0 5 5 9 5 9 9 3 0 0 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 9· 9 9 3 3 1 4 9 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 1 2 '8 8 7 9-5 6 9 4 0 7 3 9 6 2 9 8 6 1 0 8 3 7 6 5 7 4 0 4 5 7 7 5 2 9 3 1 3 C) 2· 1 4 5 8 6

90 TRI~ REPE 2 '1 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 + 64 PLAN LANC 1 1 + + 2 1 +111 + +11212'212111 40 FEST P.UBR 112221 1 ' 1 2 1 2· 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2"2 + 2 1 1 1 1 1 t 1

'7d POTE ANS E + 1 + 2 1 2 1 . 1 + 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 5 AGRO STOL 2. + + 2 . + 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 .1 1 1 •. 2 1 2 1 1 1 8 AMMO AREN 1 + 1 1 + 4 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 3·3 3 1 1 + 34 ELYM AREN + 1 1 2 3 2 3· 1 2 +

26 CERA HOLD '+ + • + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + 17 BELL PERE + + + 1 1 1 1 + + + + 1 + 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 + + + 1 ACHl MILL 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 69 POA SUBC • + 1 + 1 + + 1 + + +-1 1 + 1 • + 1 1 72 RANU ACRI + + 1 + 1 + 1 + + 1 1 1 . + + + + + 1 '39 EUPH AGG 1 1 + + 1 1 + 1 2 + 54 LOTU CORN 2 1+++11 1 1 1 1 + 46 HOLC LANA + +++1 .+ 1 1 + 1 2 2 1 1

45 CAKI MARl 1 1 2 2 + 16 ATRI PATU + 1 1 .1 + 1 1 47 HONK PEPL 4 2 1• 85 SONC ASPE 1 + + 1 .+

.3 AGRO REPE 1 + 1. 1 + 1 1 1 77 RUr-tE ACET + + 1 + 1 + 87 STEt MEDI 1 1 + 1 68 POA ANNU 1 1 1 1 6 AGRO TENU 1 + 1 1 1 1 1

129 CIRS ARVE 1 1 1 1 2 + + 28 CIRS VULG + +1 ++1++ + + + ••

121 RHYT SQUA + 1 + + 1 1· 2· 122 RHYT TRIQ 2 3 2 3 1 + + 112 . HY L 0 S P L E 1 1 '1 2 1 43 GALl VERU 1 -1 + + 1 1 + + 1 102 BRAC RUTA + + + 1 + + · N7-.4::~:-:-"&.ANl!-:.R~J~.E- . . --~·~:-·;"·,...... ,..~.,..-..,.,--...... -~t.,....J.~ .. ~-.-·,J~.--.---... ~~.-:t-.-...... ~-----...... ,..-,...... _--, ..?_...... ~-~--~·'--l--,.J:--.l-t.,.....,.,. .. ~

114 LOPH CUSP 1 1 + + +" + 57 LUZIJ MULT + + + + +. 118 MN IU UNDU + + + 81 SAG! PROC + + + 98 PELT CANI • 1 8.9 THYM DRUC + 1 52 L I NU CA TH + + + 7 AIRA PRAE + +

107 BRYU.PALL 1 + . l 36 EQUI AR VE ·+ + + 73 RANU FLAf-1 ·+ + + 1 1 80 SAGI NODO + + 49 ,IUNC KOCH + 1 + + 23 C~.RE MAR I 1 2 1 22 CAP..E FLAC 1' + 1 1 2 21 CARE AREN + 1 + + 1 3 1 66 PLAN MARl 1 + 1 + 1 71 PRUN Vl.ILG • + 2 + + 1 • 1 + +

42 GAL I PALU -2 2 2 2 110 DREP ADUN 1 1 99 ACRO CUSP 4 4 3 24 CAP,E NIGR 1 2 2 1 1 100 ACP.O GIGA + 4 + 3 20 C.AR.D PRAT + + 1 + :t .: · ·...... · · ··-~ ·.·. ··. : ·. · ·. . · Ji : · ...... ·· ·. . . JD .. .ll'.,..-~_,...... ,..._._ -4&•~"='"-w -.;;o...... _~ ..:.,.~,.,_.~ .. .__;.-~--~-----c-~-~·l..__ .. ..._...-..,..~ ...... -·._·~-~~~~-, w ~- -.-~ ·.• ....,....,.I ~~ ~~ ...,..._,·

ALSO

4 AGP..O CAN! 801 7 AIP.A PRAE 744 750 9 ANGE SYLV 796 i'99 12 ARME MARl 995 13 ARRE ELAT 719 807 18 CAL T PALlJ 743 25 CERA ATRO 719 750 31 CYAN CRI S 135 33 ELEO MULT 751 35 F P 1l. PAL U 743 746 38 EQUI SYLV 743 41 GAll APAR 748 fl08 44 GEI\IT CAMP 744 75 0 48 JUNC ARTI 743 50 LAMI MOLU 811 53 LOLl PERE 112 75 5 58 MATR MATR 811 59 MYOS ARVE 719 H11 60 r-1'1'05 CAES 149 752 61 MYOS SECU 743 751 65 PLAN MAJO 811 75 P.APH RAPH Ell 79 RUME LONG 811 80 SAGI NOOO 746 7'48 82 SE 1\!E AQUA 137 R3 SILE DIOI 720 88 TARA SPEC 799 91 TRIP r-1ARI 807 811 92 URTI OIOI 720 94 VICI SP. 807 95 VICI CRAC 152 96 VI 0 L RIV I 74 7 750 98 PELT CANI 744 7'50 105 BRYU CAPI 798 799 106 CAMP LUTE 798 109 CRAT Fill 745 110 OREP ADUN 751. 754 111 EURH PRAE 995 999 116 MNIIJ LGNG 997 117 MNJU PUNC 801 119 PELL F.PIP 745 746 120 PSEU PURU 758 123 SOLE TRIS 74't 750 124 TORT RURA 998 125 HERA SPHO 949 1'35 OESC CAES 15,3 ].~7 . BRA~ _R1JT4 135

·------SAND-DUNE S.ITES

RELEVE NO. LOCATION GRID REFERENCE

112 .Gungstie, Noss HU ~32411. 135 ·Me.~l ,: West· Burra HU 375354 136 II II II II 13.7 II II II II 152 ·St •. ·Ninian • s Bay, South Mainland HU 376209 153 ,.. II II II II II 719 Sarid Wick, Whalsay · . HU 542615 720 II II II II 743 Quendale, South Mainland (site 1) ' HU 382133 744. II II 'II 745 'II 'II II "746 II .747 II 748 II 749 II 750 II 751 'II 752 II 753 II II 754 .. II. II 755 Quendale, South MaJ.nland (site 2) HU 378129 756 .. II II II 757 II II II 758 II II. II 759 II II II 761 '• II II II 762' II II II 795 Spiggie, South Mainland HU 373180 796 'II II II II 797 II II II II 798 . II II II II 799. Spiggie-, South· Mainland HU 372178 800 II II II II 801 II II II II 807 :.Mail.; south Mainland HU 429280 8b8 II II II ·II 81.1 Me:J_py·, Wall~, Mainland HU 189578 II II II II .,. 814 ;• 949 Dock of Lingness, Nesting, Mainland HU 488549 993 ·Gungstie, Noss HU 532411 99"4 ·II .II 995 II II 996 II II 997 !I II '998 n II 9·99 II .II TABLE 5.2. Syntaxa: sand-dune communities.

07: Open beach communities - Cakile maritima nodum Elymo-Agropyretum junceiforme. (5.2.2.1.1) . 08: Elymus-Festuca dunes.

Elymo-Ammophiletum arenariae.(5.2.2.1.2~ 09: Disturbed sand community - Potentilla anserina nodum. Elymo-Ammophiletum arenariae. ( 5. 2. 2 .1. 3) 10: Ammophil.a ·dunes - Ammophila sociation. Galio-Koelerion.(5.2.2.2.1) 11: Ammophila -.Bryophyte community • • Viola cur~isii-Syntrichia ruralis Association, subass. Peltigera canina, var. Camptothecium lutescens.(5.2.2.2.2.p.p.)

12: Ammophil~·- Bryophyte community.

Viola cur~isii-s:yntrichia ruralis Association, subass.· Peitigera canina, var. Ditrichum flex"icaule .• (5.2.2.2.·_2.p.p.)

13: Sandy ~rasslands -Achillea nodum.

Cynosurion cristati~(5.2.2.3) 14: Disturbed sandy grasslands. Poo-Lolietum.(5.2.2.4) 15: Dune slacks - Galium palustre nodum. Caricion davallianae.(5.2.2.5.1) 16: Dune slacks- carex.maritima nodum. Caricion davallianae.(5.2.2.5.2) 091 TRIPLEUROSPERMUM M~.RI TI MUM 092 URT I CA· OIOICA 093 UR TI CA URENS 094 VICIA SP. 095 VI CIA CRACCA 096 VIOLA RIVINIANA 097 SELAGINELLA SELAGINOIDES 098 PELTIGERA CANINA 099 ACROCLADIUM CUSP I DATUM 100 ACROCL AD IUM GIGANTEUM 101 BRACHYTHECIUM ALBICANS -··!ij ~······ '·'·r::c-l.,., 102 BRACHYTHEC IUM RUTABULUM • . '"~~o,~~~~!~J 103 BRYUM SP ;~,_,.:·~······ ··.~/'W!>.1 104 BRYUM ARGENTEUM :ii~ • I) .

##------~------~------~------~------## 031 CYANOSURUS CRISTATUS 032 DACTYL IS GLOMERATA 033 ELEOCHARIS MULTIFLOR.A 034 EL YMUS ARENARIUS 035 EPILOBIUM PALUSTRE 036 EQUI SE TUM ARVENSE 037 EQU ISETUM PALUSTR.E 038 EQUISETUM SYLVATI CUM 039 EUPHRAS I A AGG 040 FESTUCA RUBRA 041 GALl UM APARINE 042 GAL IUM PALUSTRE 043 GALIUM- VERUM 044 GENT.IANELLA CAMPESTRIS •' 045 CAKILE MARITIMA 046 HOLCUS LANATUS v 047 HONKENYA PEPLOIDES 048 JUNCUS ART I CUL AT US 049 JUNCUS KOCH I I 050 LAMIUM MOLUCCELLIFOLIUM .. . 051 LEONTODON AUTUMNAL IS 052· UNUM CATHARTICUM 053 LOL IUM PERENNE 054 LOTUS CORNICULATUS 055 BOTRYCHI UM LUNULARIA- 056 LUZUL A CAMPESTRI S 057 LUZULA MULTI Fl 0 Fl A 058 MATRICARIA MA TR I CAR I 01 DES 059 MYOSOTIS ARVENSIS 060 MYOSOTI S CAESPITOSA 061 MYOSOTIS SECUNDA 062 PEUCE.DANUM OSTRUTHIUM 063 PlANT AGO CORONOPUS 064 PLANTAGO LANCEOLAT A 065 PLANTAGO MAJOR 066 PLANTAGO MARITIMA 067 PLANTAGO MEDIA 068 POA ANNUA 069 POA SUBCA ERUL EA 070 POTENTILLA ANSERINA 071 PRUNELLA VULGARIS 072 RANUNCULUS ACR.IS ;·- 073 RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA 074 RANUNCU LUS REP ENS ' : -; 075 RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM 076 RHINANTHUS MINOR 077 RUMEX ACETOSA 078. RUMEX CRISPUS 079 RUMEX LONGIFOLIUS 080 SAG IN~ NODOSA 081 SAG INA PR.OCUt-1BENS .82 SENECIO AQUATICUS 083 SI LENE DIOICA 084 SCILLA VERNA 085 ·SONCHUS ASPER 086 SONCHUS ASPER- C:H. --- ... ·- 087 STELLARIA MEDIA 088 TARAXACUM SPECTABILE 089 THYMUS DRUCE I 090 TRIFOLIL!Iv. REP ENS ##------~------~------##

•••••••••••••••••• ···- 000 ••• 000 •••••• 000 000 000 000 0.00 ~00 ••• 000

SPECIES LIST ======

THE SPECIES REFERENCED IN THE TABLES ARE HERE LISTED SEQUENTIALLY ACCORDING TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERS. THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CONSULTED IN CASES OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TO BY THE ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TABLES •

••• 000 000 ••• 000 •••••••••••• 000 000 000 000 000 00~ 000 000 000 000 000

001 ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM 002 AGROPYRON JUNCEIFORME 003 AGROPYRON REP ENS 004 AGROSTIS CANINA 00.5 AGROST IS STOLGNIFERA 006 AGROSTIS TENUIS 007 AIRA PRAECOX OOB AMMOPHILA ARENARIA 009 ANGELICA SYL VESTR IS 010 ANTHOXANTHUM ODOR ATUM· 011 ANTHYLLIS VULNERARIA 012 ARMERIA MARITIMA -.~ 013 ARR ENA THERUM ELATIUS 014 ARTEMIS I A VULGARIS ' GLABR IUSCULA ·i· 015 ATRIPLEX 016 ATRIPLEX PATULA 017 BELLIS PERENNIS 018 CALTHA PALUSTRIS 019 CAPS ELLA BURSA-PASTORIS 020 CARDAMINE . PRAT ENS IS 021 CARE X ARENARIA 022 CAR EX FLACCA 023 CARE X MARITIMA 024 CARE X NIGRA 025 CERAST IUM ATROVIRENS __ .______------1 026 CERASTIUM HOLO$-TE8IDE·S == . -. - - - - i 027 CERASTIUM GLOMERA TUM I 028 CIRSIUM VULGARE 029 C IR. S IUM VULGARE CH. 030 COCHLEARIA OFFICINAL IS ##------~------~------~----~-~-~------~--~------~------~------~------~-----~--##

PHYTOSOC!OLOGICAL ~ABLE-OUTPUT ======~======THE RELEVES- LISTED 1N THE TABLE WERE MADE IN (1) THE NUMBERS .4CROSS THE TOP OF-- THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE ARE THE SERIAL NUMBERS OF THE RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION Cl.E. WELL WITHIN THE­ (READING DOWNWARDSt. BOUNDARIES OF THE COMMUNITY).- THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTAriVE OF THE NATURE ( 2, A MAXIMUM OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE Ac-ROSS ONE PAGE CF A TA8LEo WHEN THE SAMPLE SITE •. NORMALLY THE QUADRAT· SIZE USED NUMBER :r"NVOLVED IS GREATER THAN ·THIS THE WAS 2M. X 2M. SUBSEQUENT PAGES OF THE TABLE ARE PRINTED BELOW' ONE ANOTHER. T~Ese·coNTINUATION PAGES 'ARE READILY IDENT'IFIED BY THE ABSENCE OF A TITLE (EXCEPT FOR THf TJBLE NUM8ER)~ · (3) THE SPECIES NAMES AND REFERENCE NUMBERS COVER-ABUNDANCE SCALE ARE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF ------~------THE TABLEo IN CASE OF AMBIGUITY OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES THEY REFER ·To, .CONSULT THE COMPLETE SPECIES LI·STING AT THE END. SYMBOL COVER/ABWNOANCE

(4) THE COVER-ABUNDANCE DATA ARE RECORDED IN 5 80~ 100% THE TABLEo THE DEGREES OF COVER-ABUNDANCE 4 60% - 80% REPRESENTED BY THE SYMBOLS ARE GIVEN iN 3 40% - 60~ THE TABLE OPPOSITE. DOTS, WHEN PRESENT, 2 20% - . 40% ARE EQUIVALENT TO BLANKSo 1 1~ - 20, + <1~ (5) RARE SPECIES WITH ONLY FEW OCCUR~ENCES ADDITIONAL S PEC.I ES ARE PRINTED BENEATH THE TABLE. THE ACCO­ MP~NYING NUMBERS INDI~ATE THE RELEVES IN WHICH THEY OCCURRED

(61 A LIST IS INCLUDED OF THE LOCATIONS AND GRID REFERENCES OF THE SITES. THERE JUDITH HILLIAMo IS ALSO A LIST OF THE SYNTAXA THAT DEPT. OF BOT ANY, ARE REPRESENTED IN THE TABLE AND REFEREN­ DURHAM UNIVERSITY. CED BY NUMBERS·WRITTEN ACROSS THE TOP.

~#------~------~------~-----~------~~-----H#. ' 091 4CROCLADIUM CUSP IDA TUM 092 AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPEI\S 093 BARBULA RECURVIROSTRA 091t BRACHYTHEC IU~ RUT.AeUL UM 095 CAfi.1PTOTHEC TUM SERICEUM 096 F.U R HYN C H IUr-1 PRAELONGUr.., oc;1 HYPNU~-1 CUPRESS JFCRME 098 LOPHOCOLEA CUSP! DATA 099 MN lUI.., HORNIJM 100 PEL li A EPIPHVLLA 101 POHLIA DELl C.ATULA 102 RHYT! D I ADELPHUS S QUAR ROSUS 103 DESCHAJ'v1PSIA CAESPITOSA 104 S1LENE t4 .A. R I T I MA 105 p (1 .c\ TRIVIAL IS 106 CERASTIUM CHo

##------## ------.

031 GE=RANIUM ROBERTI ~NUM 032 GL YCER I (j FLU I TANS 033 HERACLElW S PHONDY LIUM 034 HOLCUS LANATUS 035 HONKENYA PEPLOIOES 036 HVDROCOTYLE VULG~RE 037 JUNCUS ARTJCULATUS 038 JUNCUS BUFONJUS 039 JIJI\ICUS CONGLCMERATUS 040 ,!UNCUS EFFUSUS 041 JUNCUS . GERARD! I . 042 JUNCUS KOCH J J 043 LATHVRUS MARITIMA • 044 LcONTODON AUTUMN.AL IS 045 LOL IW4 1-?ERENNE 046 LOTUS CORf\J J CUL ATU S 047 LUZULA MULTIFLORA 048 MATRIC~RIA MA TR I C.A RI 0 I DES 049 ~cNTHA AQUATJCA 050 ~1ERTENSIA MARl TI MA 051 MJ 1\tlULUS GUTTATU S 052 MONTI A FONTANA 053 MYOSOT!S ARVENSIS 054 t'VOSCT IS DISCOLOR 055 MYOSOTJS CAESPJTOSA 056 MVClSOTIS SECUNDA 057 PLANT AGO CORONOPUS 058 PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA 059 PLANT AGO t·1AR IT H1A 060 POA ANNLJ A 061 POA SUBCAERULEA 062 POTENT I LLA ANSERINA 063 PUCCINELLI A t-'ARITH1tl 064 RANliNCULUS ACRIS 065 R.ANUNCULUS REP ENS 066 RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM 067 RHINANTHUS MINOR 068 RIJMEX AC ET CSA 069 RW·1EX ACETCSELLA 070 RUMEX CRISPUS 071 RUMEX LCNGIFCLIUS 072 SA.G INA PROCUMBENS ' ... 073 SALICORNIA SPo 074 SENECI 0 AQUATICUS ,. 075 S ILENE OIOICA 076 SINAPSIS I'IRVENSIS 077 SONCHUS ASPER 078 S P ER GU LA R I A ARVENSJS 079 SPERGULARIA MEDIA 080 SILENE ~1AR1 TI MA 081 STELLAR IA MEDIA 082 SUAEDA IVARI TII-1A 083 TARAXACUM SPECTABlLE .. -- -- 084 TRIFOLIU~ REP ENS 085 TRIFOLIUM P"RA TENSE.- 086 TRIPLEURDSPERMUM MARITIMUM C87 URTICA DIOICtl. 088 UR T ICA URENS 089 VICCIA CRHCA 090 VIOLA PALUSTRIS ##------##

ooo ooo ooo oeo ooo aeo ooo ooD oeo ooo ooo eoe ooo ooo ••• aoo ooe eoo ooo aeo

• SPECIES LIST ------·------.•.

TP.E SPECIES REFERENCED IN THE TABLES ARE HERE LISTED SEQUENTIALLY ACCORDI~G TO THEIR REFERENCE NUMBERSo THIS LISTING SHOULD BE CCNSULTED IN CASES OF AMSIGUITV OR DOUBT AS TO THE SPECIES REFERRED TC BY THE ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TABLES.

GOO DOD 000 ODD 000 DOD DOD 000 ODD DOD 080 008 000 000 DOD 000 000 ODD 000 000

001 ACHILLEA rJ.ILLEFOL JUM 002 AGROPYRON PEPENS 003 tiGROSTIS STOLONIFERA 004 AGqOSTIS TENUIS 005 ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS 006 ANTHOXANTHUr-1 OfJOP.ATUM 007 ANTHRISCLS SYLVESTRIS 008 AR~~ER I A MARl Tif.1A 009 .A RR E NAT HERU r~ EL AT IUS 010 .~TRIPLEX PATULA 011 BELL IS PEPF.:NNIS 012 CAKJLE MARITIMA ,:• 013 CALTHA PALUS"TRtS 014 CAPS ELLA BURSA-PASTORIS I.. 015 CARDAMINE PR .ll. T Et\S IS 016 CARE X NIGRA 017 . CERASTIUt-1. HOLOSTEOIDES 018 CIRSIUM ARVENSE 019 CIRSIUM PALUSTRE 020 CIRSIUM VULGARE 021 COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS 022 CYNOSURUS CRISTATUS 023 E LE OCHAR t S P.A LUST R. I.<; 024 ELYMUS ARENARIUS ------025 -- E Pel L CB IU M p'AtUSTRE 026 EQUISETUM ARVENSE 027 EUPHRAS IA SPa 028 FESTUCA RUeR.~ 029 GAL I ur... APARJNE 030 GERAN I l.H-1 PRATENSE # #------.------#II

P~YTOSOCIOLOGI~~L TAB~E OUTPUT ======THE RELEVES LISTED IN THE TARLE WERE MADE TN (1) T~E NUMBERS ACROSS THE TOP OF THE TABLE WHAT WAS SUBJECTIVELY ASSESSED TO BE ARE T~E SERIAL NUMBERS OF THE RELEVES HOMOGENEOUS VEGETATION (IoEo WELL WITHIN THE lREADI~G nOWNWARDSlo BOUNDARIES OF THE CDMMUNITY)o THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATURE (2) A ~AXIMUM OF 55 RELEVES CAN BE PRINTED OF THE PLANT COMMUNITY AS IT OCCURS AT THE ACROSS ONE PAGE OF A TABLEo WHEN THE · SAMPLE SJTEo NORMALLY THE QUADRAT SIZE USED NUMBER INVOLVED _IS GREAT.ER THAN THIS TI-:E l-IAS 2Mo X 2t·1o SUBSEQUENT PAGES OF T~E TABLE ARE PRINTED BELOW GNE ANOTHERo THESE CGNTINUATICN PAGES ARE READILY IDENTIFIED BY THE ABSENCE OF A TITLE (EXCEPT FOR THE TARLE NU~BER)o

(3) T~E SPECIES NAMES AND REFERENCE NUMBERS COVE~-ABUNDANCE SCALE ARE LISTED DOWN THE LEFT-HAND-S!DE.OF T~E TliBLf.o IN CASE OF AMBIGUJTY OR CCUBT AS TO THE SPECIES THEY REFER TO, CONSULT THE CC~DLETE SPECIES L!ST!NG AT THE END. S Yr•1 BOL Cn VEP /.~BUI\1 DANCE

(41 THE CCVER-ABUNCANCE DATA ARE RECORDEC IN 5 80% - 100~ T~E TABLEo T~E DEGREES OF COVER-ABUNDANCE 4 60% - 80% REPRESENTED BY THE SYMBOLS ARE GIVEN IN 3 40% - 60~ THE TA~LE CPFGSITEo DOTS, W~EN PRESENT, 2 20% - 40~ ARE ECUIVALENT TO BLANKSo 1 1%.- 20% +

--- c·--:-:-c-· # fl ----·-·;.;-:;-..;. __ ------·------=--·--~---_.:.______------## TABLE 5o1 SHINGLE .. 01 Ol.. 03 OS '4 6 5 a t: ell 6 6 c 6 6n 4 4 4 4h e e 8 t. 1 ol\ 8 4 6lio o o o ol 7 8 4 a g a 8 8 a a a a 8 a a 0.1 1 9 2 9 1 8 ~ s s 9 9 ~ 9 0 4 2 "::1 1 5 4 3 6 7 2 1 4 3" s 0 3 2 5 6 6 0 4 4 7 8 5 9 ALSC

5 ALCP GENJ tS3 22 CYNO CRIS 479 36 H~DR VULG cS3 + + + 28 FEST RUBR .1 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 + ? 39 JUf\C CCNG f93 84 TPIF REPE 1 1 1 + + + + + 44 LECN AUTU tS3 + + + + 1 + 1 1 + + + 17 CERA HOLO 48 ~ATR MATR 809 POTE ANSE 12+31+1 3 1 62 64 R~f\U ACRI 693 881 74 SEf\E ACU.A 683 687 85 TRJF PR.AT 683 94 eRAC RUTA 97 10 ~-TR I PATU + •1 1 1 1 1 2 3 + + 99 MNIU HORN S7 81 STEL MEDI + 1 1 1 2 + 2 + 1 l .1 0.3_ ...C.E.S J: __ CAE_$___ _1_~_ _5__ ...... ___ . --· 29 GALl APAR + 1 1 1 + 2 f- - - 60 PG~ ANF\U 1 1 1 + 1 + + 1 + 1 3 AGRC STOL 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 2 AGRO REPE 1 1 1 1 1 1 12" CAKI MARl 1 1 86 "TRIP MARl .+ + + 70 RUME CRIS + + + + + 12 CAKT ~ARI 809 810 2i~ ELYrJ AREN P.10 37 .JUI\C AP.T I 693 72 SAGI PRCC 1 + 1 + 1 + + + + 1 40 ,JUI\C EFFU 881 59 PLAN MARl +111+1 + + ... + + + 46 LGTU CORN 683 687 21 CCCH OFFI 1+-+1-+1 + 1 50 MERT MAR! 483 484 57 PLAN CCRC 1 1 1 + ·+ + 66 RAPt-' RAPH 809 8 ARME MARl + 1 + + 77 SONC .ASPE 96 96 E-llRH PR.AE + + 1 + 87 URT I CIO.I 881 4 ·AGRC TENU 1 1 1 1 1 97 HYPN CUPR 800 6 ANTH ODOR 1 1 1 + 1 . 1Q.l __ _p_O_ti ~-. Q~ L_ I ___ .§Q~ _____ .... __

50 MEPT MARl 2 3"

- -·-n; CliRF. NIGR 693 46 LCTU COPt\ + + 27 EUPH SPo nB6 687 75 SILE DIOI + + +. 2 38 JUNC BUfO 809 34 ~OLC LANA + + 2 1 + 41 JUNC GERA 479 35 HCNK PE FL .3 2 1 1 1 ·+ + 1 + 47 LUlU ~~UL T 683 s·a PLAN LANC .. 1 1 1 .. + 2 + 63 PUCC llo1AR l 482 69 R LH~E 68 RU~·E· ACET 1 1 + + ACET 684 83 TARA SPEC 97 qa 92 AMBL SERP 8AO 98 LOPH CUSP 882 9 ARRE ELAT 1 1 "::1 1 ·-- ·---· .1.0 2.- R ttY_l_ .5 f.IJ) ~ 8ft 2____ ._ -·-·. 71 RUME LONG l 1 1 31 GER.A ROBE 3 1 + 2 61 POA SUBC + 2 1 1 + TABLE 5.1 Syntaxa: shingle communities.

01: Shingle $pit communities Agrostis tenuis nodum, Molinietalia. (5.1.2.1) . 02: Honkenya·peploidis community- Honkenya nodum, Honkenyo·-crainbiori mar i timae ( 5 ·• i. 2. 2) 03: Mertensia.maritima community -Mertensia nodum, Atriplicioh littoralis (5.1.2.3) 04: Atriplex patula community - Atriplicetum littoralis. (5.1.2.4.p.p.)

05.: tran~itionai nodum in Agropyrion pungentis."(5.1.2.4.p.p.) 06: Geranium robertianum community - Arrhenatherum

. elatius nod~. (5.1.2.5) SHINGLE SITES.

RELEVE NO. LOCATION GRID-REF.

094 Boddam, South Mainland HU 397156 095 II II II II ·o96 • II II II 097 II II II ... 098- II II ·II II 099 II II II II 125 Vidlin, Lunnasting, Mainland. HU 481652 479 Ell Wick, North Mainland. HU 345679 480 II II II II II 481 II II II II II 482 II II II II II 483 Gluss voe,· North Mainland(site 1) HU 358766 484 II II II II II II 544 Dales voe, Delting, Mainfand (site .1) HU 409686 683 Sand Voe, North Mainland. -HU 365909. 684 II " II II II 685 II II " " II 686 II " II II II 687 II " II " II 692 •II " " II II 69-3 Bu:J;ra voe, North Mainland. HU 365892 694 II. " II II II 809 M,ail, So_uth Mainland. HU 429280 810 • II " II 813 Melby, Walls, Mainland. HU 189578 816 II II II II 880 Ness of Bixter, Ai thsting; _Mainland. HU 343519 881 Bridge of Fitch, Central Mainland. HU 435435 882 II II II II II