Project No: AESPL/EIA/15/IND/001
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Proposed Establishment of Synthetic Organic
Chemicals Manufacturing Facility 16 at - Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd.
Winter2015
Village: Jamghar- Lakhmapur, BaselineMonitoring: Tal. Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra
April- 2019
Environmental Consultant: Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai QCI- NABET Accredited EIA Consultant
www.aespl.co.in
Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA ‘Proposed Establishment of Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Facility by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt ltd. I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA Team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA Coordinator: Name: Mr. Rajiv V Aundhe
Signature & Date: 19th April 2019 Period of involvement: since February 2015 Contact information: Mob. 09821513367 E-mail: [email protected] Functional Area Experts: S. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature & Date N. Areas Expert/s (Period & Task**) 1 AP* Rajiv Aundhe Since February 2015 2 WP* (FAA Swapnil Ubale) 3 SHW* Rajiv Aundhe Since February 2015 (Assisted By PK Sarode)
4 SE* Ms. Anju October 15- March Chawhan & Ms. 2016 Bela Pharate 5 EB* N. K. Shendye October 15- March 2016
6 HG* Shreevallabh October 15- March Kothe 2016 7 GEO* ------8 SC* ------
9 AQ* Sudhir Verma October 15- March 2016 10 NV* Rajiv Aundhe Since Feb 2015
11 LU* Ms. Bela Pharate October 15- May 2016 12 RH* D. K. Joshi / October 15- May (Assisted By PK 2016 Sarode) NOTE: (*) Full forms of abbreviations given on Next Page (**) Tasks for each Functional Area Expert given on Next Page Environmental Baseline monitoring and analysis for this project was carried out by in-house, environmental analytical laboratory, registered by MoEFCC, approved under Environment Protection Act 1986, vide MoEFCC Notification S.O. no. 1190 (E), dated 1st May 2014. The duration of recognition is from 1st May 2014 to 30th April 2019 (under renewal)
Declaration be the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization I, Rajiv V. Aundhe, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA ‘Proposed Establishment of Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Facility by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd.’’ I also confirm that Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement.
Name: Rajiv V. Aundhe Designation: Director Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/ EIA/ 1720/ RA 0117 dated 18th January 2019 valid upto 24.11.2020
S.N. Functional Complete Name of the Tasks Area Code Functional Areas 1 AP Air Pollution Assessing baseline ambient air quality, stack Prevention, Monitoring emission, possible impacts and control & Control measures 2 WP Water Pollution Assessing baseline surface/ ground water Prevention, Control & quality, possible impacts and control measures Prediction of Impacts 3 SHW Solid Waste and Assessing solid/ hazardous waste generation, Hazardous Waste treatment and disposal Management 4 SE Socio-Economics Assessing baseline Socioeconomic, demographic situation, impacts and CSR plan/ measures for upliftment 5 EB Ecology and Assessing baseline biodiversity situation in Biodiversity study area, impacts and Biodiversity management plans 6 HG Hydrology, ground Assessing baseline hydrogeological situation in Water & Water study area, impacts and management plans Conservation 7 GEO Geology Assessing baseline geological situation in study area, impacts and management plans 8 SC Soil Conservation Assessing baseline geological situation in study area, impacts and management plans 9 AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Assessing nature and scale of impacts on Modeling & Prediction ambient air quality through modeling and management plans 10 NV Noise/ Vibration Assessing baseline ambient noise quality, possible sources, impacts and control measures 11 LU Land Use Assessing baseline Land use Land cover possible impacts and control measures 12 RH Risk Assessment & Assessing safety measures taken up by company Hazard Management modeling to assess scale of impacts, disaster management and control measures
ADITYA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PVT. LTD. Recognized by MOEF as “Environmental Laboratory” vide S.O.No. 983 valid up to 30.04.2019 ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Accredited by QCI-NABET as ‘A’ Category EIA Consultancy Organization
TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN
This is to confirm that the EIA/ EMP for the project “Proposed Establishment of Synthetic
Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Facility” located at Village: Jamghar- Lakhmapur,
Tal. Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd. has been prepared by me in the capacity of EIA coordinator. The Standard ToR’s prescribed by
MoEFCC vide Notification dated 10th April 2015 and the additional ToR’s prescribed by EAC
(Industry-2) committee during 38th EAC meeting dated 20th April 2015 have been fully complied with in preparing the EIA/ EMP. A point wise compliance to the ToR’s prescribed as above has been presented in Chapter 1, Section No. 1.5.5.
We also confirm that the EIA prepared is based on factual data and all due diligence has been followed in preparing the same.
For Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Rajiv Aundhe EIA coordinator
Date: 19th April 2019
Place: Mumbai
Reg. Office: 107, Hiren Light Indl. Estate, Mogul Lane, Mahim, Mumbai -400016 Tel: 022 42127500 E-mail: [email protected] Central Lab : P-1, MIDC Mohopada, P.O. Rasayani, Dist. Raigad Pin 410207 Tel : 02192 252008 E-mail : [email protected] Branches : Goa 08322652456 Ahmedabad : 079 40063271 Pune : 915802585 Delhi : 01164595949 Baroda : 02652331790 CIN: U74999MH2001PTC132091
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT ...... 1 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 1 1.2.1 Project Proponent & Background of Promoters ...... 1 1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT & ITS IMPORTANCE ...... 1 1.3.1 Nature & Size of Project ...... 1 1.3.2 Project Location ...... 2 1.3.3 Importance of the Project to the Country, Region ...... 2 1.4 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 2 1.5 OBJECTIVES & SCOPE OF EIA ...... 4 1.5.1 Scope ...... 4 1.5.2 Process of EIA study ...... 5 1.5.3 Methodology adopted for EIA study ...... 5 1.5.4 Structure of EIA Report ...... 8 1.5.5 Regulatory Scoping & Its Compliance ...... 9 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 17
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT ...... 17 2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 2.4 SIZE/ MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ...... 19 2.5 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL & IMPLEMENTATION ...... 22 2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DESCRIPTION, ENVIRONMENTAL & SAFETY ASPECTS ...... 22 2.6.1 Manufacture of Fragrances / Perfumes & Flavors ...... 22 2.6.2 Process flow diagram of proposed set up ...... 24 2.6.2.1 Material balance of Esters (from Acid and Alcohol) ...... 25 2.6.2.2 Material balance of Esters (from Acid anhydride and Alcohol) ...... 25 2.6.2.3 Material balance of Esters (Using Alkyl halide and Sodium alkoxide) ...... 26 2.6.2.4 Material balance of Esters (by Trans esterification) ...... 26 2.6.2.5 Material balance of Alcohols (From Grignard reaction) ...... 27 2.6.2.6 Material balance of Alcohols (by reduction of Aldehyde) ...... 27 2.6.2.7 Material balance of Alcohols (by Hydration of Alkene) ...... 28 2.6.2.8 Material balance of Ketones (by oxidation of Alcohol by Hypochlorite) ...... 29 2.6.2.9 Material balance of unsaturated Aldehydes/ Ketones (by Aldol condensation) ...... 29 2.6.2.10 Material balance of dimerised product/higher olefins ...... 30 2.6.2.11 Material balance of Acetal / Ketal ...... 30 2.6.2.12 Material balance of Tonalide ...... 31 2.6.2.13 Material balance of Unsaturated Nitriles ...... 31 2.6.2.14 Material balance of Propargyl alcohol ...... 32 2.6.2.15 Material balance of Diels Alder ...... 32 2.6.2.16 Material balance of Ether (Williamson Ether synthesis) ...... 33 2.6.2.17 Material balance of Alkyl Toluene (Freidel Craft reaction) ...... 33 2.6.2.18 Material balance of Alkanes by hydrogenation ...... 34 2.6.2.19 Pollution generation from Fragrance & Flavors manufacturing Processes ...... 34 2.6.2.20 Solvents to be used, measures of solvent recovery and emission control ...... 34 2.6.2.21 Occupational Hazards & Safety Precautions Taken: ...... 35 2.6.2.22 Raw material consumption and sourcing ...... 37 2.6.3 Onsite Storage...... 41 2.7 UTILITIES ...... 43 2.7.1 Energy Requirements ...... 43 2.7.1.1 Electricity ...... 43 2.7.1.2 Fuel Requirements ...... 43 2.7.2 Fresh Water Requirement and Balance ...... 44 2.8 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT ...... 45 2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ...... 45 2.9.1 Effluent Generation, Treatment and Disposal...... 45 2.9.2 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal ...... 46
2.9.3 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal ...... 46 2.9.4 Environmental Monitoring & Management ...... 47 2.9.4.1 Proposed In-house Monitoring Capabilities ...... 47 2.9.4.2 Management System ...... 47 2.9.5 Risk of Technological Failure ...... 47 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 48
3.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 48 3.1.1 Local Setting (Location, Topography and Climate) ...... 48 3.1.2 Regional Setting ...... 49 3.1.3 Survey of India toposheet ...... 51 3.1.3.1 Detailed Study Area Map ...... 51 3.1.4 Land Use Land Cover Study ...... 52 3.1.4.1 Land Use Pattern in Primary Impact Zone (10 km around Site) ...... 52 3.1.4.2 Land Use Pattern in Primary Impact Zone (500 km around Site) ...... 54 3.1.4.3 Drainage pattern (10 km buffer and 500 m angular distance) ...... 54 3.1.4.4 Contour maps ...... 56 3.1.5 Waste Disposal in Existing Manufacturing Plant ...... 57 3.1.5.1 Solid waste Generation, Treatment & Disposal ...... 57 3.1.5.2 Hazardous Waste Generation, Treatment & Disposal ...... 57 3.1.6 Geology and Soil Characteristics ...... 58 3.1.6.1 Geological Setup ...... 58 3.1.6.2 Soil Characteristics ...... 58 3.1.6.3 Baseline soil monitoring ...... 58 3.1.6.1 Observations from Soil analysis: ...... 59 3.2 TOPOGRAPHY & METEOROLOGY ...... 61 3.2.1 Hills ...... 62 3.2.2 Rivers ...... 62 3.2.3 Climate ...... 62 3.2.4 Rainfall ...... 62 3.2.5 Temperature Profile ...... 63 3.2.6 Humidity & Rainfall Profile ...... 63 3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 64 3.3.1 Reconnaissance Study ...... 64 3.3.2 AAQM Locations and Parameters Selected ...... 64 3.3.3 AAQM Results ...... 66 3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 69 3.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 70 3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey ...... 70 3.5.2 Baseline Water Quality ...... 70 3.5.2.1 Ground Water ...... 70 3.5.2.2 Surface Water ...... 76 3.5.3 Water Use Existing Facility ...... 77 3.5.4 Effluent Treatment Plant at Existing Facility ...... 77 3.5.4.1 Sewage effluent treatment ...... 77 3.5.4.2 Trade effluent Treatment ...... 78 3.5.4.3 Technical and operational details of ETP ...... 78 3.5.4.4 Performance of Existing ETP ...... 80 3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 81 3.6.1 Bio-geographical Setting of Palghar District ...... 81 3.6.2 Baseline Studies in Study Area ...... 82 3.6.2.1 Reserve forests ...... 85 3.6.2.2 Human Settlements ...... 96 3.6.2.3 Agricultural Fields ...... 100 3.6.2.4 Water Bodies ...... 104 3.6.3 Baseline Studies at Site ...... 107 3.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 110 3.7.1 Reconnaissance ...... 110 3.7.2 Methodology ...... 110 3.7.3 Demographic Structure of the Study Area ...... 114 3.7.4 Population & Growth Rate ...... 114
3.7.5 Infrastructural Facilities or Civic Amenities ...... 116 3.7.6 Transportation & Communication ...... 117 3.7.7 Occupational Pattern/ Economic Resource Base ...... 117 3.7.8 Health Status ...... 121 3.7.9 Places of Religious/ Archaeological and other Importance ...... 121 3.7.10 Perception Regarding Industrial Development Activities ...... 122 3.7.11 Social welfare activities carried by existing industrial units under CSR: ...... 122 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 124
4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 124 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ...... 124 4.3 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 125 4.3.1 Land Environment ...... 125 4.3.1.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 125 4.3.1.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 125 4.3.2 Air Environment ...... 126 4.3.2.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 126 4.3.2.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 126 4.3.3 Noise & Vibration Environment ...... 127 4.3.3.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 127 4.3.3.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 127 4.3.4 Water Environment ...... 127 4.3.4.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 127 4.3.4.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 127 4.3.5 Ecological & Biological Environment ...... 128 4.3.5.1 Anticipated impacts ...... 128 4.3.5.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 128 4.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ...... 128 4.3.6.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 128 4.3.6.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 128 4.4 IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES COMMISSIONING PHASE...... 129 4.4.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 129 4.4.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 129 4.5 IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES OPERATION PHASE ...... 130 4.5.1 Land Environment ...... 130 4.5.1.1 Impact Prediction ...... 130 4.5.1.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 131 4.5.2 Air Environment ...... 133 4.5.2.1 Impacts Due to Fuel Burning Sources ...... 133 4.5.2.2 Air modeling results and analysis ...... 133 4.5.2.3 Modeling Impacts on SO2 ...... 134 4.5.2.4 Modeling Impact on NOx ...... 136 4.5.2.5 Modeling Impact on PM10 ...... 137 4.5.2.6 Other Air Pollution Impacts - VOC Emissions from Process: ...... 138 4.5.2.7 Mitigation Measures Air Environment ...... 138 4.5.2.8 Measures for Process Emissions Control in Proposed Facility ...... 139 4.5.2.9 Measures for VOC/Odour Control in Proposed Facility ...... 139 4.5.3 Noise Environment ...... 140 4.5.3.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 140 4.5.3.2 Mitigating Measures ...... 140 4.5.4 Water Environment ...... 140 4.5.4.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 140 4.5.4.2 Mitigation Measures – Water Pollution Control ...... 142 4.5.5 Rain Water Harvesting plan ...... 144 4.5.5.1 Rain Water Harvesting Scheme...... 144 4.5.5.2 Rain Water Harvesting - Conclusion and recommendations ...... 145 4.5.6 Biological Environment ...... 146 4.5.6.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 146 4.5.6.2 Mitigation Plan ...... 147 4.5.7 Socio – economic Environment ...... 148 4.5.7.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 148 4.5.7.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 149
4.5.8 Corporate Environmental Responsibilities ...... 149 4.5.8.1 Proposed CER Activities by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors pvt ltd ...... 152 4.6 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DURING DE COMMISSIONING PHASE AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 152 4.6.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 152 4.6.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 152 4.6.3 Environmental Impact Matrix ...... 153 4.7 OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSION ...... 159 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) ...... 160
5.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 160 5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES ...... 160 5.3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ...... 160 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 161
6.1 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 161 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 161 6.2.1 Measurement Methodologies ...... 165 6.2.2 Reporting Schedules ...... 165 6.3 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS FOR EMP ...... 166 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (PUBLIC HEARING & RISK ASSESSMENT) ...... 168
7.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 168 7.1.1 Hazard Identification ...... 168 7.2 SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT STUDIES ...... 169 7.2.1 Safe practice to be followed for handling, storage, transportation and chemicals unloading 172 7.2.2 List of chemicals stores at site and its hazard...... 172 7.2.3 Measures for Occupational Health hazards ...... 174 7.3 DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX ...... 175 7.4 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT BASED ON ALOHA ...... 176 7.5 RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON RISK ANALYSIS ...... 184 7.5.1 Control Measures Suggested for Tanks...... 184 7.6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 186 7.6.1 DMP Objectives ...... 186 7.6.1.1 Key elements of DMP ...... 187 7.6.1.2 Basis of plan ...... 187 7.6.1.3 Emergency planning and response procedures ...... 187 7.6.1.4 Onsite Disaster Management Plan ...... 187 7.6.1.5 Emergency Organization structure and Role / Responsibilities ...... 188 7.6.1.6 Offsite Disaster Management plan ...... 189 7.6.1.7 All Clear / Reentry procedures ...... 190 7.6.1.8 Evacuation Plan ...... 190 7.6.1.9 Training ...... 190 7.6.1.10 Voluntary Organisations ...... 190 7.6.1.11 Non-governmental organizations ( NGO’s) ...... 190 7.6.1.12 Chemicals information ...... 190 7.6.1.13 Meteorological information...... 191 7.6.1.14 Humanitarian arrangements ...... 191 7.6.1.15 Public information ...... 191 7.6.1.16 Assessment ...... 191 7.6.1.17 Role of Local authority ...... 191 7.6.1.18 Role of Police ...... 191 7.6.1.19 Fire brigade role ...... 191 7.6.1.20 Media’s role ...... 191 7.6.1.21 Role of health care authorities ...... 192 7.6.1.22 Conclusion...... 192 7.7 PUBLIC HEARING ...... 192 7.7.1 Notice for Public Hearing ...... 192 7.7.2 Publicity of Public Hearing ...... 193 7.7.3 Panel for Public Hearing ...... 193 7.7.4 Proceedings ...... 193
7.8 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, R & R (RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION) ACTION PLAN ...... 205 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 206
8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURES ...... 206 8.2 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ...... 206 8.3 OTHER TANGIBLE & INTANGIBLE BENEFITS...... 206 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 207 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 208
10.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 208 10.1.1 Objective & Scope of EMP ...... 208 10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ...... 209 10.2.1 Responsibilities of EMC ...... 209 10.2.2 Financial Provisions for EMP Implementation ...... 211 10.2.3 Authorities Responsible for EMP Implementation ...... 211 10.2.4 EMP Implementation Schedule ...... 211 10.3 REPORTING ...... 211 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ...... 212
11.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 212 11.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS & PROPOSED PRODUCTS ...... 212 11.3 FUEL REQUIREMENT ...... 213 11.4 WATER CONSUMPTION ...... 213 11.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 214 11.5.1 Land Environment ...... 214 11.5.2 Meteorology & Climate ...... 214 11.5.3 Air Environment ...... 214 11.5.4 Noise Environment ...... 215 11.5.5 Water Environment ...... 215 11.5.6 Biological Environment ...... 216 11.5.7 Socio Economic Environment ...... 216 11.6 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 217 11.7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 221 11.8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES...... 221 11.8.1 Safety and risk assessment studies ...... 221 11.8.2 Public Hearing ...... 221 11.9 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 222 11.10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 222 11.11 CONCLUSION: ...... 222 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...... 223
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Co-ordinates of Project site ...... 2 Table 1.2 Compliance to Standard ToR (April 2015) prescribed by MOEFCC ...... 9 Table 1.3 Point wise Compliance to Additional TOR granted in 38th EAC-II Meeting ...... 15 Table 2.1 Land break up for proposed establishment site ...... 20 Table 2.2 Existing / Proposed Products and Quantities ...... 20 Table 2.3 Formulation reactions of proposed products ...... 23 Table 2.4 Occupational Hazards & safety precaution to be taken ...... 35 Table 2.5 Raw Material Use – Proposed ...... 37 Table 2.6 Storage Tanks (Existing and Proposed) ...... 41 Table 2.7 Additional Consumption of Fuel for proposed establishment project ...... 44 Table 2.8 Toral water requirement (Fresh & Recycle) ...... 44 Table 2.9 Manpower Requirement for proposed project...... 45 Table 2.10 Total Waste Water Generation ...... 46 Table 2.11 Non-hazardous waste Generation & disposal ...... 46 Table 2.12 Hazardous waste Generation & disposal ...... 46 Table 3.1 Industries Near Project Site ...... 49 Table 3.2 Environmentally sensitive receptor ...... 51 Table 3.3 Land use and Land cover statistics of 10 km radius area ...... 53 Table 3.4 LULC Statistics of the 500 m angular distance around project site ...... 54 Table 3.5 Hazardous waste Generation, Treatment & Disposal for existing facility ...... 57 Table 3.6 List of locations selected for Soil Sampling ...... 58 Table 3.7 Soil Monitoring Reports ...... 60 Table 3.8 Soil standards as per “Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research” ...... 61 Table 3.9 Summarized Met Data at Site...... 63 Table 3.10 Rainfall Profile for Year 2015 for Palghar District ...... 64 Table 3.11 Air Pollution Sources from Existing facility ...... 65 Table 3.12 List of AAQM locations ...... 65 Table 3.13 AAQ Frequency of monitoring ...... 66 Table 3.14 Summarized AAQM Monitoring Results (Period Winter 2015) ...... 66 Table 3.15 Relevant National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009) ...... 67 Table 3.16 Noise Monitoring Results [Leq (dB [A])] (Period Winter 2015) ...... 69 Table 3.17 Methods of Water Analysis & Limits ...... 72 Table 3.18 Ground water Monitoring Results (Winter 2015-16) ...... 74 Table 3.19 Surface water monitoring results (Winter 2015-16) ...... 76 Table 3.20 Existing ETP Details ...... 78 Table 3.21 Design ETP Characterictics ...... 78 Table 3.22 ETP Monitoring results (MOEF recognized laboratory) ...... 80 Table 3.23 NBWL Chronology ...... 83 Table 3.24 Diversity index in dense vegetation ...... 96 Table 3.25 Diversity index in human settlement ...... 100 Table 3.26 Diversity index in agriculture ...... 103 Table 3.27 List of Flora observed within site ...... 108 Table 3.28 List of Fauna within Site ...... 109 Table 3.29 List of surveyed villages for SE Primary Survey ...... 111 Table 3.30 Demographic Summary of the Study Area as per 2011 & 2001 Census ...... 114 Table 3.31 Zone wise distribution of household and population ...... 114 Table 3.32 Sex Ratio of Study Area & its Comparison with District & State level ...... 115 Table 3.33 Occupational Structure of the Study Area ...... 118 Table 3.34 Break up of Workers Occupation Type ...... 118 Table 3.35 Approx. % Working Population Engaged in Cultivation at Surveyed Areas ...... 119 Table 3.36 Irrigation Facilities details ...... 119 Table 3.37 Production & Selling Cost of Rice Crop ...... 120 Table 3.38 Approx. % of Local people working in Industries ...... 120 Table 3.39 Industrial worker wage per day / per month ...... 120 Table 3.40 CSR activities carried by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd...... 123 Table 4.1 Environmental Aspects and Impacts of Proposed Project ...... 124
Table 4.2 Proposed Solid Waste Generation (Non-hazardous) & Disposal ...... 130 Table 4.3 Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Details ...... 131 Table 4.4 Proposed Stack Details ...... 133 Table 4.5 Highest Incremental Increase in concentration of Air Pollutants ...... 134 Table 4.6 Prediction of GLC of SO2 ...... 135 Table 4.7 Prediction of GLC of NOx ...... 136 Table 4.8 Prediction of GLC of PM10 ...... 138 Table 4.9 Total water requirement (Fresh & Recycle) ...... 140 Table 4.10 Total Waste Water Generation ...... 141 Table 4.11 List of Species Recommended for Green Belt (Outer periphery) ...... 147 Table 4.12 List of species recommended for Green belt (Inner periphery) ...... 148 Table 4.13 Needs identified in villages during survey ...... 151 Table 4.14 Proposed Activities under CER ...... 152 Table 4.15 Proposed budget for CER ...... 152 Table 4.16 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation without Mitigation Measures ...... 155 Table 4.17 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation with Mitigation Measures ...... 157 Table 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan including Existing and Proposed Facilities ...... 162 Table 6.2 Reporting Schedule ...... 165 Table 6.3 Budgetary Provisions for EMP ...... 166 Table 7.1 Possible hazardous locations at site ...... 168 Table 7.2 Proposed Onsite (OSBL) Storages ...... 169 Table 7.3 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment at Different Project Stages ...... 170 Table 7.4 Major chemicals list stored at site ...... 172 Table 7.5 Summary of PPE according to Hazard ...... 174 Table 7.6 Hazard Category for Storage Tanks as per FETI study ...... 175 Table 7.7 Planned & Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion index ...... 176 Table 7.8 Consequence Analysis studies carried out ...... 177 Table 7.9 Failure Frequency Data ...... 177 Table 7.10 Proposed Onsite Storages selected for ALOHA ...... 178 Table 7.11 Issue raised during Public Hearing ...... 194 Table 7.12 Reply to Issue raised during Public hearing ...... 195 Table 7.13 Additional Issues raised by Hon. District collector during Public hearing ...... 199 Table 11.1 Existing & Proposed establishing Products & Quantities ...... 213
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Palghar District Map Showing Location of the Site ...... 3 Figure 1.2 Flow chart for Procedure of Grant of Environment clearance ...... 6 Figure 2.1 Open series map showing 10 km study area ...... 18 Figure 2.2 Google Earth Image Showing 10 Km study area ...... 19 Figure 2.3 Google Earth Image Showing 1 Km study area ...... 19 Figure 2.4 Plant Layout ...... 21 Figure 2.5 Time Schedule of the Project ...... 22 Figure 2.6 Process Flow diagram ...... 24 Figure 2.7 Typical solvent recovery system / plan ...... 35 Figure 2.8 Total water balance after Establishment ...... 45 Figure 3.1 Google Earth Image showing site & 10 km of surrounding ...... 50 Figure 3.2 Google Earth Image showing site & 500 m of surrounding ...... 50 Figure 3.3 Survey of India Toposheet around project site ...... 51 Figure 3.4 Detailed map of 10 km radius study area around Project Site ...... 52 Figure 3.5 Land use / land cover map of 10 km radius area around project site ...... 53 Figure 3.6 Land use/land cover map of 500m angular distance around Project Site ...... 54 Figure 3.7 Drainage map of 10 km radius area around Project Site...... 55 Figure 3.8 Drainage map of 500 m angular distance around Project Site ...... 55 Figure 3.9 Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site ...... 56 Figure 3.10 Contour map of 500 m angular distance around Project Site ...... 57 Figure 3.11 Soil and Physiography of AFFPL area ...... 58 Figure 3.12 Baseline Soil Monitoring Location ...... 59 Figure 3.13 Wind Rose Plot for Site (Winter 2015-16) ...... 63 Figure 3.14 AAQM location for Baseline studies ...... 65 Figure 3.15 Photos of sample collection within study area...... 68 Figure 3.16 Noise Monitoring Locations ...... 69 Figure 3.17 Ground water monitoing locations...... 72 Figure 3.19 Existing ETP Flow scheme ...... 78 Figure 3.20 Map of Palghar District Showing Study Area (Blue Circle) ...... 82 Figure 3.21 Reserve forest/ Dense vegetation ...... 85 Figure 3.22 Vegetation pattern in Reserve forest & RF near Devgaon village ...... 85 Figure 3.23 View of Reserve forest within study area ...... 86 Figure 3.24 Evidences of Wild boar at base of hillock near village Kharivli ...... 86 Figure 3.25 Droppings of Barking Deer in Reserve Forest near village Tuse ...... 87 Figure 3.26 Avifauna observed in reserve forests ...... 87 Figure 3.27 View of reserve forest, that constitute part of Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary...... 88 Figure 3.28 Map showing Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary & approximate location of site & Study Area ...... 89 Figure 3.29 Agriculture encroachment in reserve forest ...... 91 Figure 3.30 Firewood collection and grazing within reserve forest ...... 91 Figure 3.31 Open brick manufacturing near village Gaurapur and Budhavli ...... 92 Figure 3.32 Operational stone quarries ...... 92 Figure 3.33 Evidence of forest fire at various places in study area ...... 93 Figure 3.34 Graph showing tree species composition in Dense Vegetation ...... 94 Figure 3.35 Graph showing shrub species composition in Dense Vegetation ...... 94 Figure 3.36 Graph showing herb species composition in Dense Vegetation ...... 95 Figure 3.37 Graph showing climber species composition in Dense Vegetation ...... 95 Figure 3.38 Graph showing overall composition in dense vegetation ...... 95 Figure 3.39 Graphical representation of diversity index in dense vegetation ...... 96 Figure 3.40 Outskirts of village Gaurapur and view of Gaurapur (part) with vegetation ...... 97 Figure 3.41 Open area near village Tilgaon and vegetation around it ...... 97 Figure 3.42 Vegetable plot in village Gunj and Bubulcus ibis in Hibiscus esculantus field ...... 97 Figure 3.43 Graph showing tree species composition in human settlement ...... 98 Figure 3.44 Graph showing shrub species composition in human settlement ...... 98 Figure 3.45 Graph showing herb species composition in human settlement ...... 99 Figure 3.46 Graph showing grass species composition in human settlement ...... 99 Figure 3.47 Graph showing overall composition in human settlement ...... 99 Figure 3.48 Graphical representation of diversity index in Human settlement...... 100
Figure 3.49 Preparing field for next crop and vacant fields near village Budhavli ...... 101 Figure 3.50 Agriculture fields adjacent to RF near village Dongaste and Achrus sapota plantation near village Shil ...... 101 Figure 3.51 Gypsum waste dump near village Nare ...... 101 Figure 3.52 Graph showing tree species composition in Agriculture ...... 102 Figure 3.53 Graph showing shrub species composition in Agriculture ...... 102 Figure 3.54 Graph showing herb species composition in Agriculture ...... 103 Figure 3.55 Graph showing overall composition in agriculture ...... 103 Figure 3.56 Graphical representation of diversity index in agriculture ...... 104 Figure 3.57 Rivulet near village Khanivli, Ipomoea carnea and Frogs within it ...... 104 Figure 3.58 View of River Vaitarna near village Shiraspada...... 105 Figure 3.59 Vegetation along banks of River Vaitarna ...... 105 Figure 3.60 Sand excavation within Vaitarna river near village Shiraspada ...... 105 Figure 3.61 View of Kudus lake ...... 105 Figure 3.62 Activities at Kudus Lake (source of drinking water) ...... 106 Figure 3.63 Fishing at Kudus Lake and Lohope Lake ...... 106 Figure 3.64 View of Lohope Lake and Phalacrocorax fuscicollis on bank of it ...... 106 Figure 3.65 Aquatic fauna in Kudus lake (left) and Lohope lake (right) ...... 107 Figure 3.66 Graph showing herb species composition in Aquatic habitat ...... 107 Figure 3.67 Existing green belt along internal road and boundary ...... 109 Figure 3.68 Nursery within site ...... 109 Figure 3.69 List of villages surveyed for SE report...... 113 Figure 3.70 Literate Rate in the Study Area ...... 115 Figure 3.71 Caste Based Distribution of Population in the Study Area...... 116 Figure 3.72 Roads Facilities Available in No. of Villages ...... 117 Figure 3.73 Ratio of Workers & Non Workers in the Study Area ...... 118 Figure 3.74 Economic Category wise break up of Workers in the Study Area ...... 119 Figure 4.1 Isopleths of SO2 (Stack Coordinates 0,0) ...... 135 Figure 4.2 Isopleths of NOx (Stack Coordinates 0,0) ...... 136 Figure 4.3 Isopleths of PM10 (Stack Coordinates 0,0) ...... 137 Figure 4.4 Total water balance after Establishment...... 142 Figure 4.5 Effluent Treatment Scheme ...... 143 Figure 4.7 Section of Recharge pit ...... 145 Figure 7.1 Onsite DMP – Disaster Control / Management System ...... 188 Figure 7.2 Onsite DMP – Organization structure ...... 188 Figure 7.3 Various organization involved during emergency ...... 189 Figure 7.4 Photograph of Public Hearing ...... 205 Figure 10.1 Suggested structure of EMC ...... 209
LIST OF ANNEXURES Number Contents/Title No. of Pages 1.1 Existing Consent to Operate 04 1.2 TOR Letter & TOR approval minutes 04 1.3 CTO Compliance status 04 2.1 Plot Plan drawing 01 2.2 Water sanction letter from CGWA 02 3.1 Open series map of study area 01 3.2 Land use and Land cover study 34 3.3 CHWTSDF membership letter 01 3.4 Date wise AAQM results 09 3.5 Hydrogeological report 37 Biodiversity Report 30 3.6 Online application for NBWL recommendation 02 Distance map from Site to Tansa wildlife sanctuary 01 3.7 Socio economic report 39 4.1 Water Balance 04 4.2 ETP details & Treatability report 02 4.3 CER plan submitted to District authority 7.1 Recommendations based on F & EI study 01 7.2 Confirmation letter from Aarav for recommendation compliance 01 7.3 F & E Index and Mond Index calculation 06 7.4 ALOHA study and results 62 7.5 Qualitative risk assessment and discussion 67 7.6 Fire Load and water calculations 02 7.7 Fire prevention and protection measures 02 7.8 Annual Health check-up report 04 7.9 Minutes of Public hearing 23 7.10 Copies of 7/12 extract 40 7.11 NOC obtained from Grampanchayat 01 7.12 Details of Borewell constructed under CSR activity 05 7.13 CGWA report 87 7.14 Air modelling report of 10 km study area 06
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Full form AAQ Ambient Air Quality ACGIH American Council for Governmental Industrial Hygienists BDL Below Detectable Limit BOD Biological Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CO Carbon monoxide CHWTSDF Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant CREP Corporate Responsibility for Environment Protection CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CMD Cubic Meter Per Day CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CER Corporate Environmental Responsibility DISH Directorate of Industrial Safety and Hygiene dB Decibel DG Diesel Generator DMP Disaster Management Plan EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ERPG Emergency Response Planning Guidelines EMP Environmental Management Plan EC Environmental Clearance EHS Environment Health And Safety EQMP Environment Quality management plan ERT Emergency Response Team ETP Effluent Treatment Plant GLC Ground Level Concentration GIS Geographic Information System HW Hazardous Waste ISO International Organization for Standardization
Abbreviation Full form IMD Indian Meteorological Department IRS Indian Remote Sensing satellite ISCST Indian Source Complex Short Term model LULC Land Use Land Cover MCAs Maximum Credible Accident scenario MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MSIHC Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals MoEF &CC Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board NOC No Objection Certificate NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NOx Oxides of nitrogen O&M Operation and Maintenance OHSAS Occupational Hazard and Safety PCB Pollution Control Board PFD Process flow diagram PM Particulate Matter PPE Personal Protective Equipment RWH Rain Water Harvesting SO2 Sulphur dioxide SEAC State Level Expert Appraisal Committee STEL Short Term Exposure Limit SOCMI Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry TLV Threshold Limiting Value TPD Ton Per Day TWA Time Weighted Average TOR Term of Reference TA Ton Per Annum TPH Ton Per Hour TOR Terms Of Reference USEPA United States Environment Protection Agency VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report
The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment report is to investigate the principal environmental concerns, assess magnitude of impact and suggest a suitable Environmental Management Plan for the proposed establishment of Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing facility by Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd. (AFFPL) within its existing plant site at Village Jamghar - Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, District: Palghar, Maharashtra.
1.2 Identification of project & project proponent
M/s Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt Ltd (AFFPL) is an ISO 9001: 2015, ISO 22000: 2005 & ISO 27000 and Food Safety Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) certified company. The existing industrial unit is having formulation and R & D activity. The Company has valid consent to operate (No. Format 1.0/AST/RO-KN/EIC No KN-6887-16/R/CC-4912 dt 13.04.2016 valid till 30.09.2020) granted by MPCB. (Refer Annexure 1.1). The industry now proposes to increase the manufacturing capacity of the existing formulation facility along with establishment of specialty chemicals that could be used in- house as well as cater to the open market.
1.2.1 Project Proponent & Background of Promoters
Aarav Fragrance and Flavors Pvt. Ltd. was established in the year 2007. The company started operations in its plant at Village Jamghar -Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, District: Palghar, Maharashtra in the year 2013. The Board of Directors represents an optimum mix of knowledge, experience and expertise to guide the long-term success of the company. The Project proponents are No Name Designation 1 Mr. Ajit Suresh Vaze CEO/ Managing Director 2 Ms. Anuradha Ajit Vaze Director 3 Mr. Shailesh Deshmukh Director
1.3 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project & Its Importance
1.3.1 Nature & Size of Project
The company presently manufactures Formulations of Fragrances and flavors 70 TPM and has a R & D activity at site. It now proposes to establish synthetic organic chemical manufacturing by 372 TPM to manufacture specialty raw materials and organic chemicals for the perfumery industry and flavor industry. Overall proposed project cost for is estimated at around Rs. 20 Crores.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.3.2 Project Location
The existing plant and proposed establishment site is located at Village Jamghar - Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, District: Palghar, Maharashtra which is approved Industrial zone of Government of Maharashtra. Company occupies Gut No./ Survey No.: 150, 151, 166 to 172 of village Lakhmapur and Gut No./ Survey No. 239A, 242, 286 (Part), 287 (Part), 289 (Part), 290(2), 291 (Part), 292 to 296 of village Jamghar. The latitude & longitude of project site is 19°35'43.37"N and 73°6'36.54"E (center coordinates) respectively. Project site coordinates are as below: Table 1.1 Co-ordinates of Project site Location Latitude Longitude N corner 19°35'51.13"N 73°6'36.50"E NW corner 19°35'47.85"N 73°6'31.50"E NE corner 19°35'49.34"N 73°6'44.17"E SE corner 19°35'39.40"N 73°6'40.29"E SW corner 19°35'38.20"N 73°6'30.76"E
Palghar district map showing site location is enclosed overleaf.
1.3.3 Importance of the Project to the Country, Region
Over the last decade, there has been a sizeable growth in fragrances and flavors sector due to an ever growing requirement from consumers in India and also the world markets. Thus, there is a gap in demand and supply. With multinational fragrance and flavor companies increasing their presence in India, the long-term prospects of the fragrances and flavors industry seems very bright. The overall enhancement in production capacity is likely to generate a sizeable revenue and foreign exchange to the country. Also, due to increased demand for quality raw materials and intermediates as well as better availability of finished goods it is likely to open avenues for new job opportunities to vendors as also the customer community.
1.4 Regulatory framework
The project involves establishment of perfumery and flavors chemicals as well as intermediates at the site. These are specialty chemicals made using Synthetic Organic Chemicals and thus requires Environmental Clearance under category 5 (f) of the EIA Notification dt 14.09.2006. The project being outside a Notified Industrial Estate of Maharashtra Government, is a Category A project and requires an Environment Clearance from MOEFCC. As per the Regulations of MOEFCC, an Environmental Impact Assessment Study is to be carried out and the Report will be used as basis for decision making by the EAC. This EIA report is prepared to address MOEFCC requirements and kept for Public Review/suggestions / comments if any.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction
Figure 1.1 Palghar District Map Showing Location of the Site
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.5 Objectives & Scope of EIA
The objectives of EIA for the proposed establishment project are listed below:
• Characterization and benchmarking of existing environmental status. • To identify and quantify significant impact on the environmental parameters during construction, commissioning and operation phases of the proposed establishment project. • To identify and quantify any environmental impacts associated with the establishment project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures to avoid/minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance. • Preparation of an environmental management plan to minimize adverse impacts of proposed establishment project. • Recognize the scope and requirement of the ToR and comply with the same.
1.5.1 Scope
The EIA study of proposed establishment project is limited to the project site, study area of 10 kms surrounding the project site in accordance with MOEFCC Guidelines. TOR application was submitted vide proposal no. IA/MH/IND2/26817/2015 dated 2nd March 2015 & subsequently TOR has been granted in 38th EAC meeting dt 20/21st April 2015. The Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) were issued by MOEFCC vide its Amendment to EIA Notification dt 10.04.2015. Baseline data collection and environmental monitoring of the study area is carried out for the period of winter 2015-2016. As per additional TOR condition ii) A copy of application submitted for clearance from National Board for Wildlife. Based on additional TOR condition, application was made for clearance from National Board for Wildlife. Refer Annexure 3.6.
During course of NBWL clearance, Draft Tansa Wildlife sanctuary notification no. SO 2566 (E) on 10th August 2017 issued by MoEF & CC. This listed village Lakhmapur (where part of our site is located) in the ‘List of Revenue Village falling within Eco Sensitive Zone of Tansa WLS’. Since village was listed in the draft notification, project was kept on hold.
During detailed study, Thane DCF provided map showing distance of 5.8 km from Protected area boundary (boundary of Tansa WLS) & 1.46 km from proposed Eco sensitive zone boundary.
Due to the above reasons, TOR period has lapsed. Hence fresh application for Grant of TOR has been submitted vide proposal no. IA/MH/IND2/94966/2019 dated 8th February 2019 & TOR granted vide letter no. IA-J-11011/49/2019-IA-II(I) on 18th March 2019.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.5.2 Process of EIA study
EIA is a management tool to identify, frame and prioritize the environmental issues in such a way as to work out the mitigation measures to allow the negative impacts to be minimized or to be avoided during the construction and operation phase of the proposed establishment project. EIA process passes through the following phases:
• Screening, Scoping and consideration of alternatives • Study of the project details • Application with environmental pre-feasibility study for approval of ToR. • Collection of baseline data for study area • Impact identification, prediction and evaluation • Assessment of alternatives and delineation of Environment Management Plan • Risk Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) • Review and finalization of EIA report • Public Consultations for Review/suggestions / comments if any • Final EIA report incorporating suggestions of the Public and EC Application.
Flow chart of various activities to be carried out for EIA report preparation is depicted in figure overleaf.
1.5.3 Methodology adopted for EIA study The methodology adopted for conducting the EIA is mentioned below:
1. Screening and scoping: Screening is done to see whether a project requires clearance as per the EIA notification 2006. Type and size of project and location of development are the main criteria for screening the project activity. Scoping is carried out by Environmental Consultant by studying the project activity and its location as he proposes a Terms of Reference for the EIA. MoEFCC has published Standard ToR for different sectors on 10.04.2015, which outline the significant issues to be addressed in the EIA studies. Additional /project specific ToR were then issued by EAC of MOEFCC. In this case, EAC at MOEFCC issued the additional ToR in 38th EAC meeting dt 20th April 2015. Baseline data collection and environmental monitoring of the study area was carried out for the period of winter 2015-2016. Quantifiable impacts are assessed on the basis of magnitude, prevalence, frequency, duration and significance of non-quantifiable impacts is commonly determined through the socio-economic criteria. After the areas where the project can have significant impact are identified, the baseline status of these are to be monitored and then the likely changes in these during four phases of the project viz Construction, Erection and Commissioning, Operation and Decommissioning of the proposed project are predicted.
2. Secondary Data: Secondary/published data has been accessed for the EIA study. Reference materials such as SOI/OSM maps, published articles from authentic sources,
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Data from Forest Department, Health Department have been used for the preparation of EIA report.
3. Field study: One season field study for the period of winter 2015-2016 has been carried out to verify and complement information gathered from desktop study. Baseline data describes the existing environmental status of the identified study area. The study covers all the relevant components of ambient air monitoring; noise, water quality, soil monitoring, ecological, and socio-economic and health components of the environment. The site-specific primary data has been monitored for the identified parameters and supplemented by secondary data if available.
Figure 1.2 Flow chart for Procedure of Grant of Environment clearance • Air environment: Monitoring of the existing status of ambient air quality and analysis have been carried out for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and nMHC and results compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2009. Eight sampling stations have been selected considering the pre-dominant downward wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptor of the region. Micro-meteorological data like hourly wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, rain fall, etc., have been collected by using wind monitor. Monitoring of flue gas emission was carried
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction out from the existing plant. Air Modeling was done to envisage the likely impact on ambient air quality due to proposed project. • Noise environment: Noise level monitoring has been carried out for day and night times by Sound Level Meter to assess the present scenario of the noise environment. Results have been compared to Standards for various Land Use as given in EP Act. • Land Environment: Soil samples have been collected from selected locations within the impact zone and analyzed for relevant parameters. Studies on soil characteristics were carried out. Existing land use and topography, landscape and drainage patterns within the study area were analyzed. • Water environment: Ground & Surface Water samples have been collected from various locations within 10 km radius from the project. Analysis was carried out for physico-chemical, heavy metal, microbiological and biological parameters. Results have been compared with IS 10500:2012 (Drinking Water Quality Standards) to assess the water quality. • Ecology & Socio-Economic Environment: Secondary data of flora and fauna have been collected by site survey and from various literatures published by Forest Department. Data have also been verified with primary data of demographic and related socio-economic information. Projection of anticipated changes in the socio- economic aspect due to the project related activities, were also studied. • Laboratory Analysis: Samples collected during the field sampling are analyzed in AESPL’s MOEFCC accredited laboratory. 4. Impact Prediction and Evaluation: Impact prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its alternatives. Evaluation of all associated and potential impacts of the proposed project were carried out using required models. Impact evaluation was carried out using the method. 5. Mitigation Measures and Environmental Management Plan: Efficient mitigation plan has been drawn up for the selected option and is supplemented with an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), Environmental Monitoring Program for various phases and a Budget to guide the proponent towards environmental planning. Depending on nature, location and scale of the project, all significant risks and hazards and their mitigation measures are incorporated in the risk report. Risk report contains hazard identification by taking recourse to hazard indices, inventory analysis, natural hazard probability, consequence analysis of failures and accidents resulting in fire, explosion, hazardous releases etc. Assessment of risks on the basis of the necessary evaluations and preparation of an Onsite /off site Emergency Plan and Disaster Management Plan are also mentioned in the risk assessment studies. 6. EIA Report: Based on the field survey visit primary & secondary data collection, compilation of data and technical details were carried out by the EIA team and reviewed. EIA report is prepared after incorporation of all the technical data, maps, drawings, FAEs comments and inputs. Quality check was conducted by a QA/QC team and their comments were incorporated in the report. After final confirmation from the project proponent this EIA report is submitted.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.5.4 Structure of EIA Report The EIA follows the Generic Twelve Chapter format as given in Appendix III of the EIA Notification dt 14.09.2006, reproduced below:
No Chapter Content 1 Introduction • Purpose of the report • Identification of project & project proponent • Brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance to the country, region • Scope of study – details of regulatory scoping carried out 2 Project Description • Condensed description of those aspects of the project (based on project feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects. Description contains the details of the following: • Type of project • Need for the project • Location details showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout • Technology and process description including drawings showing project layout, components of project etc. • Description of mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet environmental standards. 3 Description of the • Study area, period, components & methodology. Environment • Establishment of baseline for environmental components, as identified in the scope. • Study Period • Base maps of all environmental components. • Frequency of monitoring 4 Anticipated • Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to Environmental project location, possible accidents, project design, project Impact and construction, regular operations. mitigation • Measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse measures impacts identified. • Assessment of significance of impacts (Criteria for determining significance, Assigning significance) • Mitigation measures. 5 Analysis of • Analysis of alternatives site considered for siting the Alternatives (Site project. and Technology) • Analysis of alternatives technologies considered for the project 6 Environmental • Technical aspects of environmental monitoring for the monitoring effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. Measurement program methodologies, frequency, location data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, budget & procurement schedules)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction No Chapter Content 7 Additional studies • Hazard Identification (Public hearing and • Risk Assessment & control/prevention Measures Risk assessment) • Onsite / Offsite emergency plan & Disaster Management plan 8 Project benefits • Details of the Socio-economic & other tangible / intangible benefits of the project. 9 Environmental cost • Details of the environmental benefits of the project. benefit analysis 10 Environmental Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that management plan mitigation measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the Clearance. The Chapter consist of: • Mitigation measures for impacts • Pollution Prevention Plan • Greenbelt Development Plan • Waste management plan • Environment Management Cell • Budgetary Provisions for EMS 11 Summary and • Brief description of EIA content, summary and conclusion conclusions 12 Disclosure of • Details of EIA Consultant consultant engaged
1.5.5 Regulatory Scoping & Its Compliance
Standard ToR for the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry is available at envfor.nic.in website. Compliance to various TOR items as per the Standard TOR (April 2015) and Project specific TOR prescribed in 38th EAC-II meeting dated 20th April 2015 are given in table below. Table 1.2 Compliance to Standard ToR (April 2015) prescribed by MOEFCC Sr. Particulars Compliance No. 1. Executive Summary Refer Chapter 11 2. Introduction i Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Refer Chapter 12 ii Information about the project proponent Refer Chapter 1 iii Importance and benefits of the project Refer Chapter 1 3. Project Description i Cost of project and time of completion Refer Chapter 2 ii Products with capacities for the proposed project. Refer Chapter 2 iii If establishment project, details of existing products with Refer Chapter 2 capacities and whether adequate land is available for establishment, reference of earlier EC if any. iv List of raw materials required and their source along with Refer Chapter 2 mode of transportation v Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and Refer Chapter 2 storage capacities
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Sr. Particulars Compliance No. vi Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and Refer Chapter 2 their management vii Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of Refer Chapter 2 approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii Process description along with major equipment and Refer Chapter 2 machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided ix Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. Refer Chapter 7 x Establishment/modernization proposals Refer Chapter 2 C. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Not applicable. Amendments thereto obtained for the project from Existing facility is MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy for of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the manufacturing of Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th formulation May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated which is in all the existing environmental clearances including exempted from Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of EC notification, compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing 2006. operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the Refer Annexure EIA-EMP report. 1.3 for CTO compliance. D. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental Existing facility is clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the for EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be manufacturing of provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection formulation Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating which is prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) exempted from obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, EC notification, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB 2006. shall be submitted. Refer Annexure 1.3 for CTO compliance. 4 Site Details i Location of the project site covering village, Taluka / Tehsil, Refer Chapter 2 District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii A topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. Refer Chapter 3 (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Refer chapter 5 iv Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Refer Chapter 1 v Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Refer Chapter 2 vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Refer Chapter 2 indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. (Annexure 2.1) If located within an Industrial area/ Estate/ Complex, layout of
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Sr. Particulars Compliance No. Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate vii Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant Refer Chapter 3 site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular viii Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, Refer Chapter 2 wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (Annexure 2.1) (not required for industrial area) ix A list of major industries with name and type within study area Refer Chapter 3 (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area x Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study Refer Chapter 3 area shall be included xi Details of Drainage of the project up to 5 km radius of study Refer Chapter 3 area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, Not applicable stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land xiii R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government Not applicable policy. 5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable) I Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry Not applicable. clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest No use of forest Department. (if applicable) land. ii Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) Not applicable of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I Not applicable. forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. No use of forest land. iv The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Map of Tansa Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Wildlife Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly sanctuary authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features attached as vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or Annexure 3.6 comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon. v Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Applied for with Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Forest/Wildlife Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. Department
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Sr. Particulars Compliance No. vi Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife Refer Annexure (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the 3.6 National Board for Wildlife. 6 Environmental Status i Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project Refer Chapter 3 site and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM 10, PM 2.5, Refer Chapter 3 SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations Refer Chapter 3 as per frequency given in the NAQQM notification of Nov. 2009 and Annexure along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the 3.4 AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Refer Chapter 3 downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/ MoEF&CC guidelines. v Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified Not applicable by the CPCB/ MoEF& CC, if yes give details. vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Refer Chapter 3 included vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Refer Chapter 3 viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Refer Chapter 3 ix Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles Refer Chapter 2 for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) Refer Chapter 3 existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi Socio-economic status of the study area Refer Chapter 3 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from Refer Chapter 4 the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Sr. Particulars Compliance No. used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body Not applicable iii Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products Refer chapter 4 on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum- rail transport shall be examined. iv A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant Refer chapter 4 operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v Details of stack emission and action plan for control of Refer Chapter 4 emissions to meet standards. vi Measures for fugitive emission control Refer Chapter 4 vii Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, Refer Chapter 4 utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste- minimization, recycle/ reuse/ recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Not applicable Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area Refer Chapter 4 i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site Refer Chapter 4 shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi Total capital cost and recurring cost/ annum for Refer Chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures shall be included. xii Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be Refer Chapter 6 submitted. xiii Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Refer Chapter 4 & Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Chapter 7 Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Sr. Particulars Compliance No. 8 Occupational Health i Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health Refer chapter 6 &safety of all contract and casual Workers ii Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. Refer Chapter 7 If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the Refer Chapter 7 exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. iv Annual report of health status of workers with special Enclosed as reference to Occupational Health and Safety. Annexure 7.8 9 Corporate Environment Policy i Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Refer Chapter 10 approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. ii Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating Refer Chapter 10 process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the Refer Chapter 10 company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv Does the company have system of reporting of non- Refer Chapter 10 compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, Refer Chapter 4 fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Refer Chapter 4 earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or any None direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction Sr. Particulars Compliance No. project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above Refer Chapter 1 TOR. Table 1.3 Point wise Compliance to Additional TOR granted in 38th EAC-II Meeting No Term of reference Compliance/ Companies Reply (B) Specific Terms Of Reference for EIA studies For Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry (Dyes & Dye Intermediates; Bulk Drugs And Intermediates Excluding Drug Formulations; Synthetic Rubbers; Basic Organic Chemicals, Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals And Chemical Intermediates) 1 Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent Refer Chapter 2 & Chapter recovery and for emissions control. 4 2 Details of process emissions from the proposed unit Refer Chapter 2 & Chapter and its arrangement to control. 4 3 Ambient air quality data should include VOC, etc. Included, Refer chapter 3 4 Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous Refer Chapter 6 chemicals. (Environmental monitoring program) 5 Detailed effluent treatment scheme including Refer Chapter 4 segregation of effluent streams for units adopting 'Zero' liquid discharge. 6 Action plan for odor control to be submitted. Refer Chapter 4 7 A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed Not applicable with cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they co-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated. 8 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid CETP not applicable. Refer effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if Annexure 3.3 for any. CHWTSDF membership letter 9 Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts CHWTSDF 10 Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals are Refer Chapter 7 & being used/will be used. Annexure 7.5 11 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of solid/ Refer Annexure 3.3 for hazardous waste in TSDF are being used/will be used. CHWTSDF membership letter 12 Authorization/Membership for disposal of solid/ Refer Annexure 3.3 for hazardous waste in TSDF. CHWTSDF membership letter
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 1 - Introduction No Term of reference Compliance/ Companies Reply 13 Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous Refer Chapter 7 chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety system to be incorporated. 14 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of Refer Chapter 7 and its workers engaged in handling of toxic materials. annexures (B) 1 Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised, and Public hearing was commitments made by the project proponent on the conducted based on this same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the EIA. The details of Public form of tabular chart with financial budget for hearing is given in Section complying with the commitments made. 7.7. 2 A copy of application submitted for clearance from Refer Annexure 3.6 National Board for Wildlife. (Ref: 38th EAC-II Minutes of Meeting: http://environmentclearance.nic.in/-Additional ToR for Aarav Fragrance and Flavors Pvt Ltd Sr. No. 38.4.2) (Enclosed as Annexure 1.2)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of Project
As per EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006, this proposed enhancement in production capacity in perfumery chemicals and intermediates falls in 5(f)-A category, Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI) and being located outside notified industrial zone, needs prior environmental clearance from MOEFCC, Delhi.
2.2 Need of the Project
There is an ever growing requirement for fragrances & flavors by consumers in India and all over the world. Hence, the company is proposing to produce synthetic organic chemicals & molecules which will be used for captive consumption by self and also sold to other reputed fragrance and flavor manufacturers in India and aboard. The products proposed to be manufactured are currently imported or made in small scale with poor quality control. AFFPL will ensure availability of superior quality products manufactured at a reasonably costs, made with latest technology to meet demands in India as well as for further producing the fragrance and flavors at AFFPL site. This will reduce the manufacturing costs of the fragrances and flavors and make the India manufacturers and their products more competitive in the Indian as well as the export market.
2.3 Location of the Project
The proposed project will be located within existing plot of AFFPL is located at Village Jamghar -Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, District: Palghar, Maharashtra. The site is well connected by rail and road. Nearest railway station is Atgaon 25 km & Bhiwandi which is 36 km away. Wada town is at distance of 7.5 km on NE. Mumbai international airport is at 61 km on SW side. Bhiwandi Wada road is 500 m away from site. National highway Mumbai Agra is 30 km towards east side. River Tansa is around 3.5 km North from site. Tansa wildlife sanctuary is located at distance of 5.6 Km. Local setting of the area is rural in nature. There is some human settlement in immediate vicinity of the plant. This is an approved Industrial belt of Government of Maharashtra. Different types of industries exist in near vicinity of site – mainly in Iron and steel category. Open series map showing 10 km study area is attached as Annexure 3.1.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description
Figure 2.1 Open series map showing 10 km study area
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description
Figure 2.2 Google Earth Image Showing 10 Km study area
Figure 2.3 Google Earth Image Showing 1 Km study area
2.4 Size/ Magnitude of Operation
Total available plot area is 97,750 m2. The land area utilization is as presented below:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Table 2.1 Land break up for proposed establishment site S.N. Particular Area in sq. m 1 Total plot area 97,750 2 Existing plant area 8,042.28 3 Proposed plant area 16,452.32 4 Green belt area 41,481.65 Detailed plant layout showing proposed plants, utilities, storage and other details are as given in Figure below (Refer Annexure 2.1 for detailed plot plan). The enhanced production quantities of the various products/ by-products at Aarav Fragrance and Flavors Pvt Ltd at the site is as below: Table 2.2 Existing / Proposed Products and Quantities Sr Products Existing, Proposed, Total, No TPM TPM TPM 1. R & D for fragrances and Flavors ------2. Perfumery & Flavor Esters Products in various grades Perfumery & Flavor Alcohol Products in various 3 grades Perfumery & Flavor Aldehyde and Aldehyde 4 derivatives Products in various grades Dimerization and Trimerization of simple olefins 5 Products in various grades Ketals / Acetals / substituted 1,3-propanediols 6 Products in various grades Macro cyclic and polycyclic musks derived from 7 propylene/ butadiene and other propylene Nil 372 372 derivatives Products in various grades Aldehydes & Ketones by Aldol Condensation 8 Products in various grades Acetylene and other alkyne derivatives Products in 9 various grades Cyclo Alkylation/Acetylation, Diel Alders Reactions: Cyclization Reaction, Etherification of Alkyl Halide 10 and Alcohol, Epoxidation of Alkenes /Friedel Craft Reactions Products in various grades 11 Hydrogenation Products in various grades Total 0 372 372 The company presently manufactures Formulations of Fragrances and flavors 70 TPM and has a R & D activity at site. It now proposes to establish synthetic organic chemical manufacturing by 372 TPM to manufacture specialty raw materials and organic chemicals for the perfumery and flavor industry. Project cost is estimated at Rs 20 Crore.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description
Figure 2.4 Plant Layout
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description
2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation
The tentative schedule for execution/activities shall be as follows:
PROJECT IMPLEMENATION PLAN - AARAV FRAGRANCE AND FLAVORS PVT LTD Project Site : Aarav Fragrances and Flavors pvt limited
No of days 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 Particulars EAC Clearance Equipment List Finalisation Equipment Layout Finalisation Application to DISH & MIDC Civil detailing & Construction drawings Civil Work - Excavation, Footing & Column Equipment foundation,Roof Structure fabrication & erection Brick work, strom water connection & Plastering Painting & other finishing activities Equipments, Piping, Electricals & Instrumentation Ordering Equipments, Piping, Electricals & Instrumentation Delivery Installation of Equipments Piping, electrical, instrumentation Installation Dry Run Trials Commissioning & Product Trials Commercial Production Figure 2.5 Time Schedule of the Project
2.6 Technology & Process Description, Environmental & Safety Aspects
2.6.1 Manufacture of Fragrances / Perfumes & Flavors
Manufacture of Fragrances and flavors involves formulations of organic compounds by traditional reaction chemistry well known in organic synthesis processes such as Grignard reaction, Aldol condensation, Esterification, Trans esterification, Darzen condensation, Saponification of Esters, Dimerization and Trimerization of simple olefins, Cyclo Alkylation Reactions /Acetylation, Diel Alders Reactions : Cyclization Reaction, Etherification of Alkyl Halide and Alcohol, Epoxidation of Alkenes/Friedel Craft Reactions etc. Some of the formulation reactions are given below.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Table 2.3 Formulation reactions of proposed products Sr No Products General Reaction(s) Field of Application 1. Fragrances/Perfumes & Flavors Formulation Fragrances & Flavors.
2. Perfumery & Flavors Esters by hot Fragrances & Flavors esterification/ addition of organic acid into olefin/ trans esterification/ reacting alkali halide with sodium salt of corresponding acid/Cold Esterification -Ethyl Esters/ Esterification by reaction of alcohols with anhydride/ Perfumery Esters by Darzen Condensation 3 Perfumery& Flavors Alcohol by Fragrances & Flavors Grignard reaction / by reduction of aldehyde, or ketone by hydrogen & Reducing Agents / by addition of water into olefins / by saponification of esters/Perfumery compounds by Ring Reduction 4 Perfumery & Flavors Aldehyde by Fragrances & Flavors ester / epoxide rearrangement/ dehydrogenation of alcohols/ reduction of acids/ aldol condensation and Derivatives
5 Dimerization and Trimerization Fragrances & Flavors of simple olefins.
6 Ketals / Acetals / substituted 1,3- Fragrances & Flavors propanediols
7 Macrocyclic and polycyclic musks Fragrances & Flavors derived from propylene or butadiene/and other propylene Derivatives 8 Aldehydes & ketones by Fragrances & Flavors Condensation with vinyl ether
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Sr No Products General Reaction(s) Field of Application 9 Acetylene and other alkyne Fragrances & Flavors derivatives
RC≡CR + R'C≡CR' 2 RC≡CR' 10 Cyclo Alkylation Reactions Fragrances & Flavors /Acetylation, Diel Alders Reactions: Cyclization Reaction, Etherification of Alkyl Halide and Alcohol, Epoxidation of Alkenes/Friedel Craft Reactions
11 Hydrogenation Fragrances & Flavors
2.6.2 Process flow diagram of proposed set up There will be a common equipment set up for the manufacture for all above products. Process flow diagram of the proposed set up shall be broadly as below:
Figure 2.6 Process Flow diagram Typical Material balance for each product is mentioned in below
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.1 Material balance of Esters (from Acid and Alcohol)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Ester from acid and alcohol (Basis:- Capacity 3.460 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batc Output Ton/Batch h Organic acid 2.000 Crude ester 3.480 Alcohol 1.440 aquous layer 0.350 Sulphuric acid 0.080 Recovered Toluene 0.430 Soda ash 0.300 Reaction (Recycle) solution Toluene 0.440 4.260 4.260
Input Output Crude ester 3.480 Ester fraction 3.460 from above (product) Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.02 3.480 3.480
2.6.2.2 Material balance of Esters (from Acid anhydride and Alcohol)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Ester from acid anhydride and alcohol (Basis:- Capacity 1.950 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Acid 1.020 Crude ester 1.960 anhydride Alcohol 1.540 Org acid recovered 0.550 Soda ash 0.150 Reaction aquous layer 0.200 solution 2.710 2.710
Input Output Crude ester 1.960 Ester fraction 1.950 from above Seperation by distillation (product) Distillation loss 0.01 1.960 1.960
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.3 Material balance of Esters (Using Alkyl halide and Sodium alkoxide)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Ester Manufacture of Esters (Using Alkyl halide and sodium alkoxide) (Basis:- Capacity 1.900 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Alcohol 1.020 Crude ester 1.920 Soda ash 0.400 Aqua layer (sodium 0.765 solution Reaction halide) Alkyl halide 1.265 2.685 2.685
Input Output Crude ester 1.920 Product ester 1.900 from above Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.02 1.920 1.920
2.6.2.4 Material balance of Esters (by Trans esterification) Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Ester by trans esterification (Basis:- Capacity 1.420 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Lower ester 1.020 Crude ester 1.440 Higher alcohol 0.880 Lower alcohol 0.460 recovered Toluene 0.100 Toluene recovered 0.095 PTSA 0.005 Reaction Aqueous layer to 0.110 ETP Soda ash 0.100 solution 2.105 2.105
Input Output Crude ester 1.440 Product ester 1.420 from above Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.02 1.440 1.440
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.5 Material balance of Alcohols (From Grignard reaction)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for manufacture of alcohol by Grignard reaction (Basis:- Capacity 1.585 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Alkyl Mg 1.740 Crude alcohol 1.600 Halide Aldehyde 0.980 Mg dihalide aq layer 1.380 Reaction Water 0.200 HCl solution 0.060 2.980 2.980
Input Output Crude alcohol 1.600 Product alcohol 1.585 from above Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.02 1.600 1.600
2.6.2.6 Material balance of Alcohols (by reduction of Aldehyde)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for manufacture of alcohol by reduction of aldehyde (Basis:- Capacity 0.105 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Aldehyde 0.106 Crude alcohol 0.108 Ni catalyst 0.001 Recovered catalyst 0.001 Reaction H2 Gas 0.002 0.109 0.109
Input Output Crude alcohol 0.108 Product alcohol 0.105 from above Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.003 0.108 0.108
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.7 Material balance of Alcohols (by Hydration of Alkene)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for manufacture of alcohol by hydration of alkene (Basis:- Capacity 1.200 Ton/ batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Alkene 1.140 Crude alcohol 1.220 Water 0.080 Aqua layer 0.070 Sul acid 0.020 Reaction Soda ash 0.050 solution 1.290 1.290
Input Output Crude alcohol 1.220 Product alcohol 1.200 from above Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.020 1.220 1.220
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.8 Material balance of Ketones (by oxidation of Alcohol by Hypochlorite)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for manufacture of ketone (by oxidation of alcohol by hypochlorite) (Basis:- Capacity 47.35 kg / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Organic alcohol 0.050 Crude ketone 0.049
Hyprochlorite 0.500 Recovered toluene 0.090 solution Acetic acid 0.250 Reaction Aqua layer 0.801 Toluene 0.090 Sod ash 0.050 solution 0.940 0.940
Input Output Crude ketone 0.049 0.047 Seperation by distillation 0.002 0.049 0.049
2.6.2.9 Material balance of unsaturated Aldehydes/ Ketones (by Aldol condensation)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for manufacture of unsaturated aldehydes/ Ketones (by Aldol condensation) (Basis:- Capacity 95 kg / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Aldehyde/Keto 0.116 Crude unsat ketone 0.098 ne / aldehyde Caustic soda 0.110 Reaction Aqua Layer 0.128 solution 0.226 0.226
Input Output Crude unsat 0.098 Fraction of 0.095 ketone / unsatketone / aldehyde Seperation by distillation aldehyde Distillation loss 0.003 0.098 0.098
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.10 Material balance of dimerised product/higher olefins
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for manufacture of dimerised product/higher olefins (Basis:- Capacity 83 kg / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Lower 0.084 Dimerised 0.084 olefin/alkene product/higher olefins Reaction Catalyst 0.002 Recovered catalyst 0.002
0.086 0.086
Input Output Dimerised 0.084 Dimerised 0.083 product/higher product/higher olefins Seperation by distillation olefins distilled Distillation loss 0.001 0.084 0.084
2.6.2.11 Material balance of Acetal / Ketal
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Acetal / Ketal (Basis:- Capacity 1 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Organic alcohol 0.760 Crude Ketal / Acetal 1.030 Aldehyde/ketone 0.450 Recovered catalyst 0.005 Reaction Catalyst 0.005 Water to ETP 0.180 1.215 1.215
Input Output Crude Ketal / 1.030 Distilled acetal / 1.000 Acetal ketal Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.030 1.030 1.030
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.12 Material balance of Tonalide
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Tonalide (Basis:- Capacity 3.000 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
2,3 But 1 ene 2.000 Reaction mass 3.010 P cymene 1.000 Al trichloride 0.080 Al salt 0.270 Reaction Soda ash solution 0.100 Methanol 0.100 3.280 3.280
Input Output Crude tolanide 3.010 Product Tolanide 3.000 Seperation by distillation Distilled Inpurities 0.010 3.010 3.010
2.6.2.13 Material balance of Unsaturated Nitriles
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Unsaturated Nitriles (Basis:- Capacity 2.400 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Acetonitrile 1.000 Crude unsat nitrile 3.400 (Organic layer) Aldehyde 1.000 Aqua layer to ETP 0.800 Caustic potash 2.000 Reaction Tert butyl ammo 0.200 bromide 4.200 4.200
Input Output Organic layer 3.400 Unsat acetonitrile 2.400 Acetonitrile recycle 0.995 Seperation by distillation Distillation loss 0.005 3.400 3.400
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.14 Material balance of Propargyl alcohol
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Propargyl alcohol (Basis:- Capacity 0.710 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Acetylene 0.300 Crude propargyl 2.300 Aldehyde 0.500 alcoholAqua layer recycle 1.200 Caustic potash 1.200 Reaction Toluene 1.500 3.500 3.500
Input Output Crude propargyl 2.300 Propargyl alcohol 0.710 alcohol Aldehyde 0.090 Seperation by distillation Toluene recovered 1.495 Distillation loss 0.005 2.300 2.300 2.6.2.15 Material balance of Diels Alder
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Diel Aldor (Basis:- Capacity 2.395 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Diene 1.500 2-methyl 2.500 Cyclohexene carbaldehyde Reaction Crotonaldehyde 1.500 Diene 0.250 Crotonaldehyde 0.250 3.000 3.000
Input Output From above 3.000 2-methyl 2.395 Cyclohexene carbaldehyde Seperation by distillation Diene 0.300 Crotonaldehyde 0.300 Distillaton loss 0.005 3.000 3.000
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.16 Material balance of Ether (Williamson Ether synthesis)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture Manufacture of Ether(Williamson Ether synthesis) (Basis:- Capacity 2.225 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Alkyl chloride 1.500 Crude Heavy alkyl 2.800 ether Sodium alkoxide 1.500 THF recovered 1.698 THF 1.700 Reaction Sodium choride 0.600 NaOH soluton 0.400 Loss 0.002 5.100 5.100
Input Output Crude Heavy alkyl 2.800 Product heavy alkyl 2.225 ether ether Alkyl halide 0.575 Seperation by distillation
2.800 2.800 2.6.2.17 Material balance of Alkyl Toluene (Freidel Craft reaction)
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Alkyl Toluene (Fridel Craft reaction) (Basis:- Capacity 2.150 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Alkyl chloride 2.000 Crude alkyl toluene 3.100 Toluene 1.000 Al salt 0.180 Al trichloride 0.080 Reaction Soda ash solution 0.100 Methanol 0.100 3.280 3.280
Input Output From above 3.100 Alkyl Toluene 2.150 Alkyl halide 0.650 Seperation by distillation Toluene recovery 0.300 3.100 3.100
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 2.6.2.18 Material balance of Alkanes by hydrogenation
Schematic Flow Chart & Mass balance for Manufacture of Alkanes by hydrogenation (Basis:- Capacity 3.100 Ton / batch Output)
Input Ton/Batch Output Ton/Batch
Olefin 2.000 Alkane 3.100 Hydrogen 2.000 Recovered catalyst 0.010 Reaction and seperation Catalyst 0.010 H2 vent 0.900 4.010 4.010
2.6.2.19 Pollution generation from Fragrance & Flavors manufacturing Processes
• Hazardous Waste generation from processes is in the form of spent solvents, distillation residues, recovered catalyst, Empty containers of the chemicals • Aqueous Effluent generation during layer separation process is used for inorganic salt recovery and after the recovery, effluent shall be treated at ETP • The emissions from process will be passed through scrubber. • VOCs are handled in a closed system reactor/ distillation overhead system • Spent acids will be generated from the process like Acetic acid, Sulfuric acid etc and will be sold to actual users or will be converted into corresponding salts and sold or if not saleable maybe disposed off to CHWTSDF
2.6.2.20 Solvents to be used, measures of solvent recovery and emission control
Solvents are used for extraction of products and are used as reaction media in process. The solvents used are recycled by recovering them by distillation process. After a number of recycles of the solvents, distillation of solvents will yield pure solvents, and distillation residues. The residues shall be sent to CHWTSDF. Various solvents/raw material used in the process are listed below: • Pentanol • Dicyclopentadiene • Methanol • Hexyl alcohol • Toluene • Methyl heptanone • THF Distillation columns/Multipurpose vessels will be used for the purification process. Effective cooling/chilling water supply shall be provided to the heat exchangers of distillation column and condensers/vessels to avoid any loss of solvents. Solvents shall be of purity more than 98% and its recycling shall be done in the process. This distillation/ Multipurpose unit shall be designed for multipurpose reactions & solvent recovery; complete recycling of solvents
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description will be cost effective for products. Since the distillation process shall be closed loop hence there will not be any vapor emissions in the atmosphere. Flame arrestor and breather valve will be provided on the collection tank of the solvent. Safety features for all the equipment’s shall be provided. Structures shall be properly earthed and all the adjoining pipelines properly grounded for dissipation of the static charge and fire prevention. There shall be some important instruments in the solvent recovery unit as follows: PRV-Pressure reducing valve to control the steam of the pressure. PT- pressure transmitter shall be used here to avoid any steam and vapor pressure in the system. LT- Level transmitter shall be used to maintain the certain level in the tank according the distillation process.
Figure 2.7 Typical solvent recovery system / plan
2.6.2.21 Occupational Hazards & Safety Precautions Taken:
Major chemicals used, their hazards and safety precautions to be taken are given below: Table 2.4 Occupational Hazards & safety precaution to be taken Over/ TLV- STEL Name of Nature of Affecting prolonged NFPA TWA/ Chemical Hazard Organs exposure Rating As per ACGIH/ Result Factory Act Skin, eyes, Health : 3 Corrosive, Damage target Acetic acid mucous Fire:2 10 ppm 15 ppm flammable organ membrane Reactivity: 0 Skin, eyes, Health : 3 Acetic Corrosive, Damage target Not mucous Fire:2 5 ppm anhydride flammable organ available membrane Reactivity: 1
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Over/ TLV- STEL Name of Nature of Affecting prolonged NFPA TWA/ Chemical Hazard Organs exposure Rating As per ACGIH/ Result Factory Act Skin, eyes, Health : 3 Highly Damage target Not Aldehyde mucous Fire:3 20 ppm flammable organ available membrane Reactivity: 0 Health : 2 Benzylidene Highly Skin and Target organ Not Not Fire:2 acetone flammable eyes damage available available Reactivity: 0 Health : 1 Dicyclopenta Highly Skin and Target organ Not Fire:3 5 ppm diene flammable eyes damage available Reactivity: 1 Highly Health : 3 Ethyl chloro Skin and Target organ Not Not flammable, Fire:2 acetate eyes damage available available corrosive Reactivity: 0 Highly Health : 3 Benzyl Skin and Target organ Not flammable, Fire:2 1 ppm chloride eyes damage available corrosive Reactivity: 1 Highly Pentyl Skin and Target organ Not Not flammable, - bromide eyes damage available available corrosive Corrosive Skin and Health : 3 Isobutyric Target organ Not Not and eye Fire:2 acid damage available available flammable irritant Reactivity: 0 Skin and Health : 1 Highly Targetorgan Methanol eye Fire:3 200 ppm 250 ppm flammable Damage, death irritant Reactivity: 0 Isoamyl Skin and Health : 1 alcohol Highly Targetorgan eye Fire:2 100 ppm 125 ppm flammable Damage, death irritant Reactivity: 0
Skin and eye Methyl Highly irritant, Tiredness - 10 ppm 25 ppm heptanone flammable headach, dizziness Skin and Hexyl Highly Targetorgan eye - - - alcohol flammable Damage, death irritation Flammable Skin and Health : 3 Propionic and eye Tissue damage Fire:2 10 ppm 30 ppm acid corrosive irritation Reactivity: 0 Skin and Health : 0 Corrosive, Target organ Salicylic acid eye Fire:1 - - flammable damage irritant Reactivity: 0 Skin and Health : 0 Highly Target organ Terpineol, eye Fire:2 - - flammable damage irritant Reactivity: 0 Skin and Health : 2 Highly Target organ THF eye Fire:3 200 ppm 250 ppm flammable damage irritant Reactivity: 1
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Over/ TLV- STEL Name of Nature of Affecting prolonged NFPA TWA/ Chemical Hazard Organs exposure Rating As per ACGIH/ Result Factory Act Liquid may cause Health : 2 Highly Propylene cold Tissue damage Fire:4 500 ppm - flammable burns/fros Reactivity: 1 tbite. Suffocatio Headache, Health : 0 Not Not Highly Hydrogen n, dizziness, Fire:4 establish establish flammable breathing asphyxiant Reactivity: 0 ed ed Highly Health : 0 Acetylene flammable, skin - Fire:4 -- -- reactive Reactivity: 2 Note: PPE Required- Safety Hand gloves, Full suit, Splash goggles, Dust respirator (as per requirement), Safety shoes.
2.6.2.22 Raw material consumption and sourcing Raw materials used for proposed operations are listed below. The majority of raw materials will be transported by tankers and trucks (in drums). (The list of raw materials along with monthly consumption is given in table, however there will be only 2-3 products being manufactured at the same time hence the requirement of the raw materials will be low than indicated below. Table 2.5 Raw Material Use – Proposed Sr. Raw Material Consumption Nature Source of Means of N Required (TPM) of raw material transportatio o material n 1 Acetic Acid Glacial 182 Liquid GNFC Tanker 2 Acetic Anhydride 53 Liquid Laxmi Organics/ Truck in MS/GI Luna Chemicals/ drums Jubliant Life Science Ltd 3 Acid Catalyst 17 Liquid Tanfac Industries Truck in Ltd, Navin Carboys HDPE Fluorine International Awishkar Chemicals 4 Aldehyde 85 Liquid Leo Chem Plast Truck in MS/GI Pvt Ltd/BASF/ drums Oxea GmbH/ Perstrop 5 Caryophellene 4 Liquid Triveni Chemicals Truck in GI drums 6 Phase transfer 1.1 Liquid Sythochem Pvt Truck in HDPE Catalyst Ltd Carboys
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Sr. Raw Material Consumption Nature Source of Means of N Required (TPM) of raw material transportatio o material n 7 Caustic lye 1 Liquid Leo Chem Plast Truck in HDPE Pvt Ltd Carboys 8 Citronellol 17 Liquid Privi Organics Ltd Truck in GI drums 9 Benzylidene 105 Liquid Shimmer Trucks in GI acetone Chemicals Drums 10 D’limonene/Orang 98 Liquid Aroma Aromatics Trucks in GI e Terpenes Drums 11 Di Ethanol Amine 1 Liquid Solvchem Trucks in GI Drums 12 Dicyclopentadiene 240 Liquid Katera & Co Sea/Trucks in Japan/ Texmark GI Drums/Iso Chemicals, USA/ Tanks Hanghzhou Yangli- Petrochemicals, China/ Mitsuya Boeki Ltd, Japan/ Suzhou Inter Chemical Co Ltd, China/ Farmasino Pharmaceutical Co 13 Ethyl Chloro 22 Liquid Urmi Chemicals, Trucks in GI Acetate Bhavika Chemical Drums 14 Benzyl chloride 28 Liquids Shimmer Trucks in HDPE Chemicals Pvt Ltd Drums 15 Halide (Pentyl 106 Liquid Shimmer Trucks in HDPE Bromide/ Chemicals Pvt Ltd Drums Chloride) 16 HCL 45% 1 Liquid Shimmer Trucks in HDPE Chemicals Pvt Ltd Drums 17 Iodine 0.05 Solid Empire Chemicals Trucks in MS Drums Open Mouth 18 Iso Amyl Alcohol 10 Liquid Saurabh Chemical Trucks in HDPE Pvt Ltd/Yash Drums Chemicals Pvt Ltd 19 Isobutyric Acid 60 Liquid Oxea GmbH/ Trucks in HDPE Hritik Chemicals Drums Pvt Ltd 20 Methanol 15 Liquid New India Acid Trucks in (Baroda)Pvt Ltd, MS/GI Drums 21 Methyl Heptanone 69 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in MS/GI Drums
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Sr. Raw Material Consumption Nature Source of Means of N Required (TPM) of raw material transportatio o material n 22 Methyl Magnesium 32 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Trucks in Bromide / Chloride Ltd/Welchem Pvt MS/GI Drums Ltd/ Azeocryst 23 Hexyl Alcohol 52 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Trucks in Ltd/Sasol/Dow MS/GI Drums 24 Mg Turnings 14 Solid Sunmeta HDPE Bags Chem/Euro Labs 25 Pentanol mixture 77 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Trucks in Ltd/Leo Chem MS/GI Drums Plast Pvt Ltd 26 Propionic Acid 46 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd / Trucks in HDPE Leo Chem Plast Pvt Drums Ltd/DOW/Eastman 27 Salicylic Acid 160 Solid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in HDPE / Leo Chem Plast Bags Pvt Ltd 28 Soda Ash 12 Solid Bharat Chemicals Trucks in HDPE Bags 29 Sodium Acetate 21 Solid Uma Organics Trucks in HDPE Bags 30 Sodium Methoxide 15 Solid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Truck in Card /Leo Chem Plast Board Pvt Ltd Container Drums 31 Sulphuric Acid 10 Liquid Bharat Chemicals Trucks in Carboy HDPE 32 Terpineol 70 Liquid Camphor & Allied Trucks in Products Ltd MS/GI Drums 33 Tetra hydro Furon 200 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in /Leo Chem Plast MS/GI Drums Pvt Ltd/BASF 34 Toluene 28 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in /Leo Chem Plast MS/GI Drums Pvt Ltd 35 Sodium salicylate 36 Solid Alta Laboratories Truck in Card Ltd Board Container Drums 36 Zn Chloride 0.52 Solid Vijay Chemicals Truck in MS Drums / Containers 37 Propylene 5 Gas Manali Truck in Leak Petrochemicals proof MS Gas Ltd Cylinders
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Sr. Raw Material Consumption Nature Source of Means of N Required (TPM) of raw material transportatio o material n 38 Acetylene 5 Gas Air Liquide Truck in Leak India/Asiatic proof MS Gas Gases Pvt Ltd Cylinders 39 Hydrogen 6 Gas Air Liquide Truck in Leak India/Asiatic proof MS Gas Gases Pvt Ltd Cylinders 40 Benzaldehyde 100 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in /Leo Chem Plast MS/GI Drums Pvt Ltd/Ganesh Benzoplast 41 N Pentanol 96 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in /Leo Chem Plast MS/GI Drums Pvt Ltd 42 Propionaldehyde 142 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in /Leo Chem Plast MS/GI Drums Pvt Ltd 43 Phthalic Acid 5 Solid Thirumalai Trucks in HDPE Chemicals Ltd/ Containers Solvchem Pvt Ltd /Leo Chem Plast Pvt Ltd 44 Vinyl Ethyl Ether 5 Liquid AB Enterprise/ Trucks in Solvchem Pvt Ltd MS/GI Drums /Leo Chem Plast Pvt Ltd 45 Sodium Hydride 5 Solid Mahidhara Trucks in Powder Chemicals Pvt Ltd MS/GI / Alkali Metal Pvt Containers Ltd 46 Aluminum 5 Solid Neelchem India Trucks in HDPE Trichloride Powder /Gujarat Alkalies Containers & Chemicals Ltd /Gulbrandsen Ltd 47 Di Chloro Methane 5 Liquid Gujarat Alkalies & Trucks in Chemicals Ltd MS/GI Drums 48 N Butyl Aldehyde 5 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Trucks in HDPE /Leo Chem Plast Drums Pvt Ltd/Dow India Ltd 49 Tertiary Butyl 5 Liquid Triveni Aromatics Trucks in Methyl Ether & Prefumery Pvt MS/GI Drums Ltd/ Solvchem Pvt Ltd/Leo Chem Plast Pvt Ltd
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Sr. Raw Material Consumption Nature Source of Means of N Required (TPM) of raw material transportatio o material n 50 N ,O Dimethyl 5 Solid TCI Chemicals Truck in MS Hydroxyl Amine India Pvt Ltd/ containers Hydrochloride Solvchem Pvt Ltd /Leo Chem Plast Pvt Ltd 51 Geraniol 5 Liquid Arora Aromatics Truck in MS /GI Pvt Ltd/Rajkeerth Drums Aromatic Pvt Ltd 52 Linalool 5 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Truck in MS /GI /Leo Chem Plast Drums Pvt Ltd 53 Meta Chloro Per 5 Solid Shree Chemo Truck in MS /GI Benzoic Acid Powder Pharma Pvt Ltd/ Container Solvchem Pvt Ltd Drums /Leo Chem Plast Pvt Ltd 54 1 Phenyl Ethanol 5 Liquid Jayshree Truck in MS /GI (Styrallyl Alcohol) Aromatics Pvt Ltd Drums / Solvchem Pvt Ltd /Leo Chem Plast Pvt Ltd 55 Furan 5 Liquid Solvchem Pvt Ltd Truck in MS /GI /Leo Chem Plast Drums Pvt Ltd 56 Allyl Alcohol 5 Liquid Sanjay Chemicals Truck in MS /GI India Pvt Ltd/ AB Drums Enterprises 57 Aroma & Flavor 80 Liquids Small Packings Truck in MS /GI Ingredients For & upto 50 kgs /Containers/ Formulation Solids Drums/HDPE Bags
2.6.3 Onsite Storage
Following onsite bulk storages are proposed. Sr No 1 to 4 will be stored in bulk tanks and all others in drums/carboys/bags/cans/capsules in the warehouse. Table 2.6 Storage Tanks (Existing and Proposed) Maximum Sr. Consump Storage at a Physical Raw Material Stored In MOC No tion TPM time during Form the month 1 Acetic Acid Glacial 182 10 Liquid Tank SS304 2 Dicyclopentadiene 240 20 Liquid Tank SS304 3 Pentanol mixture 77 20 Liquid Tank MS 4 Propionaldehyde 142 10 Liquid Tank SS304 5 Acetic Anhydride 53 4 Liquid Drums HDPE
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Maximum Sr. Consump Storage at a Physical Raw Material Stored In MOC No tion TPM time during Form the month 6 Acid Catalyst 17 2 Liquid Carboy HDPE 7 Aldehyde 85 6 Liquid Drums HDPE 8 Caryophellene 4 1 Liquid Drums GI Phase transfer 9 1 0.10 Liquid Drum HDPE Catalyst 10 Caustic lye 1 1 Liquid Carboy HDPE 11 Citronellol 17 2 Liquid Drums MS Epoxy 12 Benzylidene Acetone 105 10 Liquid Drums GI D’limonene/Orange 13 98 10 Liquid Drums MS Epoxy Terpenes 14 Di Ethanol Amine 1 1 Liquid Drums MS Epoxy 15 Ethyl Chloro Acetate 22 5 Liquid Drums HDPE 16 Benzyl chloride 28 2.5 Liquid Drums HDPE Halide (Pentyl 17 106 10 Liquid Drums HDPE Bromide/ Chloride) 18 HCl 45% 1 1 Liquid Carboys HDPE 19 Iodine 0.05 0.05 Solid Can GI 20 Iso Amyl Alcohol 10 2 Liquid Drums HDPE 21 Isobutyric Acid 60 10 Liquid Drums HDPE 22 Methanol 15 3 Liquid Drums MS 23 Methyl Heptanone 69 10 Liquid Drums HDPE Methyl Magnesium 24 32 2.5 Liquid Drums MS Bromide / Chloride 25 Hexyl Alcohol 52 2.8 Liquid Drums MS Epoxy 26 Mg Turnings 14 2 Solid Bags PP 27 Propionic Acid 46 5 Liquid Drums HDPE 28 Salicylic Acid 160 16 Solid Bags PP 29 Soda Ash 12 2 Solid Bags PP 30 Sodium Acetate 21 2.2 Solid Bags PP 31 Sodium Methoxide 15 2 Solid Can GI 32 Sulphuric Acid 10 1.2 Liquid Carboys HDPE 33 Terpineol 68 5 Liquid Drums GI 34 Tetra hydro Furan 200 6 Liquid Drums MS 35 Toluene 28 3 Liquid Drums MS 36 Sodium salicylate 36 3.5 Solid Container HDPE 37 Zn Chloride 0.52 0.05 Solid Can GI 38 Propylene 5 1 Gas Capsules SS304 39 Acetylene 5 1 Gas Capsules SS304 40 Hydrogen 6 1 Gas Capsules SS304 41 Benzaldehyde 100 10 Liquid Drums MS 42 N Pentanol 96 10 Liquid Drums MS 43 Phthalic Acid 5 1 Liquid Drums MS 44 Vinyl Ethyl Ether 5 1 Liquid Drums MS 45 Sodium Hydride 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Aluminum 46 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Trichloride 47 Di Chloro Methane 5 1 Liquid Drums MS 48 N Butyl Aldehyde 5 1 Liquid Drums MS
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Maximum Sr. Consump Storage at a Physical Raw Material Stored In MOC No tion TPM time during Form the month Tertiary Butyl 49 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Methyl Ether N,O Dimethyl 50 hydroxylamine 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Hydrochloride 51 Geraniol 5 1 Liquid Drums MS 52 Linalool 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Meta Chloro Per 53 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Benzoic Acid 54 1 Phenyl Ethanol 5 1 Liquid Drums MS 55 Furan 5 1 Liquid Drums MS 56 Allyl Alcohol 5 1 Liquid Drums MS Drums/ MS/HDPE Aroma & Flavor Liquid & 57 80 50 Cans / /Aluminu Ingredients Solids Container m
2.7 Utilities
2.7.1 Energy Requirements
2.7.1.1 Electricity
Presently at site, there two DG sets one of 63 KVA and another of 160 KVA (160 KVA DG set is exclusively used for fire protection/alarms & firefighting hydrant systems, this comes in service only during power failures and emergencies) The additional electricity required for the establishment project is 500 KVA. It will be sourced from MSEDCL grid. For the establishment, two DG set shall be installed (500 KVA & 160 KVA) for the emergency requirement and will be remaining as standby.
2.7.1.2 Fuel Requirements
The existing utility comprises of 1 small industrial boiler (Steamer) based on furnace oil as fuel. The heat energy for the proposed establishment facilities will be provided by existing steamer and proposed boiler and proposed Thermic fluid heater. Fuel used for proposed boiler and thermic fluid heater shall be Agricultural Waste/ Bio briquette/ Furnace oil. The multi-product facility will be operated as normal chemical industry however the reactors and systems will be used by different combination and sequence & will be used on campaign basis for products, not more than 2 to 3 products will be manufactured per day. The fuel requirement for proposed establishment is given below:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Table 2.7 Additional Consumption of Fuel for proposed establishment project Utility Details Boiler (5 Ton/Hr) Thermic Fluid Heater (3 Lac kcals/ hr) Fuel used & Agricultural Waste: 22 TPD OR Agricultural Waste: 5 TPD OR Quantity Bio briquette: 22 TPD OR Bio briquette: 5 TPD OR Furnace oil: 10 TPD Furnace Oil: 2.5 TPD Type of SO2, NOX, PM SO2, NOX, PM emissions Proposed stack 30 meter (with scrubber) 27 meter (with scrubber) height Stack dia. at top 0.65 mts 0.40 mts
2.7.2 Fresh Water Requirement and Balance
• Fresh water will be sourced from borewell/ tanker and additional requirement also shall be met through borewell & incase of shortage, will be sourced from tanker. CGWA approval letter for 115.5 cmd (Letter no. 21-4(211)/ CR/ CGWA/ 2015- 2297 dated 11th December 2018 valid upto 29th September 2020) is enclosed as Annexure 2.2. • Water is required principally for boiler, cooling and maintaining green belt. Tabulation of water quantities and waste water generation in existing and proposed operations is as given below. The computation of the additional water requirement is attached as Annexure 4.1. • Fresh water of 115.5 cmd & treated effluent of 39 cmd will be used for proposed project. Table 2.8 Toral water requirement (Fresh & Recycle) Sr Water requirement Existing as per Total Proposed Addl. No Break Up CTO Quantity in cmd I Domestic 5 5 10 II Industrial use 1) Process 0 8 8 2) Cooling and Boiler 3.5 55.5 59 III Green belt 6.3 71.2 77.5 #
Total 14.8 139.7 154.5 Green belt water requirement is 77.5 cmd. It will be met as follows, 39 cmd of treated effluent & 38.5 cmd fresh water is used for green belt.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description
Figure 2.8 Total water balance after Establishment
2.8 Manpower requirement
The total manpower required for the proposed establishment project is approx. 60 persons which include all categories of unskilled, semiskilled, skilled personnel and contract labor. Table 2.9 Manpower Requirement for proposed project No Details Permanent Contract Total 1 Skilled Manpower 15 15 30 2 Semi-skilled manpower 5 5 10 3 Unskilled / Helpers 10 10 20 Total 30 30 60
2.9 Environmental Aspects
2.9.1 Effluent Generation, Treatment and Disposal
Total waste water generation from industrial operation for the proposal will be about 39 CMD, which will be treated in ETP, Evaporator. After treatment, treated effluent shall be used for neutralization/ cooling tower make up, dust suppression or used for green belt. Unit will be operated as a ZERO Liquid Discharge facility.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description Table 2.10 Total Waste Water Generation Sr Existing Proposed add. Total Waste Water Break Up No. Quantity in cmd I Domestic effluent 3.6 3.6 7.2 II Trade effluent Process & process 0 8.0 8.0 washing Cooling tower and boiler 2.7 21.1 23.8 blow down Total Effluent 6.3 32.7 39 • Most of the Process Effluent comes from reaction water and layer separation. • The effluent after salt recovery shall be treated at ETP.
2.9.2 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
There will be generation of solid wastes as below: Table 2.11 Non-hazardous waste Generation & disposal Sr. Non HW Quantity (TPM) Mode of disposal Type of Waste No. Existing Additional Total 1 Canteen waste 0 2 2 Composting along with ETP Biological 2 0 2 2 garden waste, sludge Scrap (Iron/plastic/ Disposal through 3 1 3 4 paper/glass etc) recyclers/scrap dealers
2.9.3 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal
The hazardous waste generation & disposal details give in table below. Membership letter of CHWTSDF facility, Taloja is attached at Annexure 3.3. Table 2.12 Hazardous waste Generation & disposal HW Quantity (TPM) Sr. Type of Waste Cat. Existing Total Mode of disposal No. Add. (*) 1 ETP Sludge 35.3 0.005 10 10.005 Disposal to CHWTSDF
2 Used Oil 5.1 0 2.4 2.4 Disposal by sale to registered recyclers 3 Discarded 33.1 0 12.5 12.5 Decontamination and Containers disposal by sale to authorized recycler or sale to MPCB authorized drum recycler 4 FO / LDO & Oil 3.2 0 4.5 4.5 Will be sold to MPCB Bottoms Sludge Authorized parties 5 Distillation 20.3 0 20 20 Disposal to CHWTSDF Residue
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 2 – Project Description 6 Spent acid -- 0 20 20 Will be sold to MPCB Authorized parties as such or disposed off at CHWTSDF 7 Spent Catalyst A68/ 0 6 6 Disposal by sale to registered A71 recyclers or sent back to manufacturer 8 Contaminated 33.2 0 6 6 Disposal to CHWTSDF bags, cotton rags etc 9 Inorganic salts 37.3 0 50 50 Recycle/ Reuse into process/ (Concentration Sale to authorized party/ or evaporation CHWTSDF residue)
2.9.4 Environmental Monitoring & Management
The company shall establish system for monitoring of stacks, ambient air quality and work zone monitoring and neutralized effluents through third party laboratory recognized by MOEFCC.
2.9.4.1 Proposed In-house Monitoring Capabilities
The company will establish elaborate laboratory in order to monitor effluent / work room monitoring etc.
2.9.4.2 Management System
The facility will continue ISO 9001: 2015, ISO 22000: 2005 & ISO 27000 (under implementation) certification for effective and efficient management systems and implementation.
2.9.5 Risk of Technological Failure
The process of manufacturing fragrances and flavors are standard and established organic synthesis processes and hence no chance of technology failure
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
The baseline data on the pre-establishment status of the terrestrial environment covering land environment, biological environment (flora & fauna) & socio-economic environment in the study area was collected by undertaking Primary surveys through field visits, monitoring and laboratory analysis. Secondary data was collected from relevant agencies, such as Town Planning, Forest Department and Directorate of Census Operations. The baseline data collected and generated, together with the relevant project activities is considered for predicting the likely impacts of the project on the environment. Subsequently, an appropriate environmental management plan (EMP) is presented to enable the project proponent to run the project within acceptable level of environmental impact and meet the compliance of the regulatory criteria (MOEFCC’s Guidelines). An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) will be ultimately made to summarize the post project status of the terrestrial environment, with the project proponent incorporating the suggested EMP measures. AFFPL will establish plant in existing plant site for the manufacture of synthetic organic chemicals (Flavors and Fragrances). Baseline study of the surrounding area is done by keeping in mind the type of establishment and scale of establishment and considering the MoEFCC Guidelines. For the purpose of assessing the impacts, study area of 10 km radius around project site was identified for the EIA as per MOEFCC guidelines. Concerns have also been accounted about possible impact of project on agriculture and livestock, contamination of soil/ground water in vicinity of site.
3.1 Land Environment
3.1.1 Local Setting (Location, Topography and Climate)
The existing plant facility and proposed project of AFFPL is located at Village Jamghar - Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, Dist. Palghar (earlier Thane district), Maharashtra. The site is well connected by road- being located 500m off Bhiwandi Wada road. Local setting of the area is rural in nature. Tansa wildlife sanctuary is located at a distance of 5.6 Km to the East. Lakhmapur is the nearest settlement having population of 569 located towards the South West side of the proposed project site. Khupari is the nearest major village situated towards South and has a population of 3,043 as per census of India, 2011 survey. The site is located on plain land but number of hills are seen in the study area. Climate of study area is tropical with significant rainfall throughout the year. Average annual temperature is around 26.70C. May is the warmest month having average temperature of 30.50C whereas January experiences the lowest average temperature around 22.70C. The area shows plantation of mango, coconut and some places banana is also observed. Owing to the tropical climate and high rainfall, rice is the major crop grown. Pulses are also
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment grown as a Rabi crop in some parts of the district. Majority of the agriculture is practiced during Kharif season and is heavily dependent on Monsoon.
3.1.2 Regional Setting
The study area includes a buffer zone of 10 km around the central co-ordinate of 73° 6'36.54"E and 19°35'43.37"N and falls in Wada tehsil of Palghar District in Maharashtra. Nearest railway station is Atgaon 25 km & Bhiwandi which is 36 km away. Wada town is at a distance of 7.5 km on NE. Mumbai international airport is at 61 km on SW side. National highway Mumbai Agra is 30 km towards east side. The project site is reachable by Maharashtra State Highway (MH SH35) connecting Bhiwandi and Wada or National Highway 848 that connects Thane in Maharashtra and Pardi in Gujarat via Nashik. Wada town (population 16,750) located towards North and Kudus town (population 7,204) located South of the project site along the SH 35 are the nearest major settlements within 10 km radius of the site. Bhiwandi is the nearest city located approximately 40 km towards South having population of 7,09,665 as per Census of India, 2011. Bhiwandi- Wada belt is an approved industrial belt as per Town Planning Department, Government of Maharashtra. Kudus, Wada are the major industrial Centres. Major industries around the proposed site are as follows: Table 3.1 Industries Near Project Site No Name of Company Manufacturing Village South side 1 Neel Metal Tech. Pvt. Ltd Cable Ring KinaiPada, Lakhmapur 2 Shilpa Containers Boxes (Sweet) KinaiPada, Lakhmapur 3 Sheetal Wires & Cables Wires & Cables KinaiPada, Lakhmapur 4 Agni Industries Vessel Tanks KinaiPada, Lakhmapur 5 Sun Metalic & Alloys Pvt. Ltd Steel KinaiPada, Lakhmapur 6 Sunalco Aluminum fixture KinaiPada, Lakhmapur 7 Unique Steel Strips Pvt. Ltd Steel Kinai Pada, Khupri 8 Roll Fast Steel Steel Kinai Pada, Khupri 9 Rimple Packing Pvt. Ltd Cartoon Box Kinai Pada, Khupri West side 1 Ice Factory Water Jar Lakhmapur East side 1 Century Mechanical Systems (I) Pvt. Ltd Aluminum Pipes Nehroli 2 Abhinav Health Care Pharma Nehroli 3 Harisons Steel Ltd Steel Nehroli 4 Taprat LLP Rubber Powder Nehroli 5 Matrubhumi Granites Pvt. Ltd Granite Nehroli 6 Alpack Paper Pvt. Ltd Cartoon Box Nehroli 7 Carol Pvt Ltd Oil Company Nehroli 8 Micro Medicine Nehroli 9 Ultratech Cement Blocks Chikhale Google earth image showing 10 km area and 500 m surrounding the plant is presented in figures below.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
Figure 3.1 Google Earth Image showing site & 10 km of surrounding
Figure 3.2 Google Earth Image showing site & 500 m of surrounding (site boundary shown is for representational purpose only)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.1.3 Survey of India toposheet Survey of India (SOI) Open Series Map No. 47E2 with 1:50,000 scale is used to identify topographic features within 10 km radius around project site presented below. The Open series map of 10 km study area is attached in Annexure 3.1.
Figure 3.3 Survey of India Toposheet around project site Table 3.2 Environmentally sensitive receptor Receptor Distance & Direction Tansa wildlife sanctuary 5.6 km to East Vaitarna river 3 km to North Manichi river 5.9 km to North west Mokhai river 3 km to South Tansa river 9.5 km to South Dhandela river 2 km to North Lakhmapur village 0.7 km to South west
3.1.3.1 Detailed Study Area Map A detailed study area map for the study area is prepared that indicates minor roads, State Highways, Village settlements, river, canal etc and is presented below. Vaitarana River and its tributaries viz. Mokhai Nadi (3 km to South) and Dhandela Nadi (2 km to North) are visible in the study area. River Tansa is shown about 9.5 km to the southern side. A number of fragmented patches of reserved forest areas can be seen in the 10 km radius around project site however, it is dominated by scrub and some of it shows presence of secondary forest. A reservoir is seen in the North of study area near Wada town.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
Figure 3.4 Detailed map of 10 km radius study area around Project Site
3.1.4 Land Use Land Cover Study
Land use land cover in study area was assessed by studying Toposheet, available maps, through satellite imagery and ground truthing. Field survey was carried out in July 2016 - 44 different locations were mapped using GARMIN GPS and land use features identified. These locations are shown in figure with their geographical locations in Annexure 3.2.
3.1.4.1 Land Use Pattern in Primary Impact Zone (10 km around Site)
Since satellite image is captured in the month of April, dry conditions and absence of agriculture land is observed. Thus, Open land (40.17%) and scrub land (31.87%) dominate the land use around the project site. During field survey, it was confirmed that rice is the major crop and there is hardly any agriculture practiced during Rabi season. Some farmers grow pulses but since it is an industrial area majority of people work within industries. Large amount of fallow land 9.48% is seen. However, small patches of plantation (0.39%) were observed wherein fruits like banana, mango and coconut were predominant. As site is located in the tropical climate, three different vegetation classes are seen. Dense vegetation (2.62%), seen in the hilly region located towards South West of project site, whereas secondary or mixed vegetation (2.11%) can be observed mainly along South East and south side of project site. Degraded vegetation (12.17%) is also seen in the majority area where forest vegetation is regenerated. Wada is the only major town and occupies 0.04% compared to 0.06% of the land use by the rural habitation. The industrial area is observed to be 0.48% of overall land use. Some quarrying is observed in the South West region of study area and
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment this represent 0.11% of land use. Vaitarana River and its tributaries, Tansa River together constitute 0.38% of land cover. Ponds are spread across the study area and contribute 0.13% of overall landuse. Table 3.3 Land use and Land cover statistics of 10 km radius area Class Code Class Name Area (Sq. km) Distribution (%) 1 Dense Vegetation 8.21 2.62 2 Degraded Vegetation 37.88 12.09 3 Mixed Vegetation 6.59 2.10 4 Scrub Land 98.76 31.53 5 Open Land 124.02 39.59 6 Fallow Land 29.48 9.41 7 Plantation 0.98 0.31 8 Quarry 0.36 0.11 9 Industrial Area 1.49 0.48 10 Urban Area 0.12 0.04 11 Rural Area 0.62 0.20 12 Reservoirs/Ponds 0.37 0.12 13 Waterbody 4.11 1.31 14 Agriculture Land 0.23 0.07 Total Area 313.21 100.00
Figure 3.5 Land use / land cover map of 10 km radius area around project site
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.1.4.2 Land Use Pattern in Primary Impact Zone (500 km around Site)
A land use land cover map covering 500 m angular distance shows six different land use classes. Open land (41.63%), Fallow land (39.20%) and Scrub land (17.68%) are dominant. Industrial area, constitutes 0.78%, plantation (0.10%), rural habitation land (0.61%) is visible around the project site. Table 3.4 LULC Statistics of the 500 m angular distance around project site Sr. No. LULC Classes Area (Sq. Km) Distribution (%) 1 Scrub Land 0.29 17.68 2 Open Land 0.67 41.63 3 Fallow Land 0.63 39.20 4 Plantation 0.00 0.10 5 Industrial Area 0.01 0.78 6 Rural Area 0.01 0.61 Total Area 1.61 100.00
Figure 3.6 Land use/land cover map of 500m angular distance around Project Site
3.1.4.3 Drainage pattern (10 km buffer and 500 m angular distance)
Study area exhibits majority of third order drainage pattern showing distinct and sub- dendritic drainage pattern. Study area forms part of Vaitarna river basin. A detailed drainage map of the 500 m angular distance around project site is shown below and exhibits first order streams that run away from project site to North. There is no prominent drainage signature found in or near AFFPL site but Mokhai (3km to S)and Dhandeli (2km to N) and
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Tansa river tributary (9.5km SE) flow from the hills in the east and meet Vaitarna River to the west.
Figure 3.7 Drainage map of 10 km radius area around Project Site
Figure 3.8 Drainage map of 500 m angular distance around Project Site
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.1.4.4 Contour maps A 5 m interval contour map is prepared for the study area. A prominently hilly region can be seen towards South West side of the Project Site. Otherwise the study area shows nearly flat land and some isolated undulating features south of project site. Remotely placed contours can be seen in the majority of the study area. Highest point within the 10 km radius area around the project is 510 m above mean sea level whereas lowest point is at 15 m above mean sea level.
Figure 3.9 Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site Detailed map of 1 m interval contour covering 500 m angular distance is also shown in figure below. The map does not exhibit highly contoured terrain. However, a contoured structure is visible in the South West side of the Project site. Highest point of this map is located in the south west side of the project site at 67 m above mean sea level and the lowest point in the 500 m angular distance from project site is at 34 m above mean sea level. The study area is located in Palghar district of Maharashtra state. The project area occurs in the form of a gently sloping ground with northerly slope. It forms foot hill portion of a small residual hillock. The highest elevation in AFFPL plot is about 48 m amsl (meter above mean sea level) along the southern boundary and the lowest is just more than 44 m along the northeastern portion of the plot. Thus, there is a distinct S – N slope (1 in 50) in the project area.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
Figure 3.10 Contour map of 500 m angular distance around Project Site
3.1.5 Waste Disposal in Existing Manufacturing Plant
3.1.5.1 Solid waste Generation, Treatment & Disposal
Non-hazardous solid waste generation, treatment and disposal from existing facility is NIL as per Consent to Operate granted to the unit.
3.1.5.2 Hazardous Waste Generation, Treatment & Disposal
Hazardous waste generation, treatment & disposal for existing facility is as follow Table 3.5 Hazardous waste Generation, Treatment & Disposal for existing facility Category Type of Waste Consented Actual Treatment / Quantity (#) Quantity (*) Disposal 34.3 Chemical sludge 0.06 Ton/A 0.05 Ton CHWTSDF, Taloja from waste water treatment (#) As per Consent to Operate Format 1.0/AST/RO-KN/EIC No KN-6887-16/R/CC/4912 dated 13/04/2016 valid upto 30.09.2020, (*) As per Hazardous Waste Return Form for Year 2015-16 The industry is a Member of CHWTSDF, Taloja the Certificate of Membership is enclosed as Annexure 3.3.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.1.6 Geology and Soil Characteristics
3.1.6.1 Geological Setup
Deccan Trap Basalt of upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene period is the sole rock formation in this area. This rock occupies considerable portion of the Central India, covering significant portion in states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. Nearly 82% of geographical area of Maharashtra state also is made up of this rock. This rock is formed due to solidification of lava flows owing their origin to volcanic eruption. In the study area too, three layers of this rock, separated from each other by an intervening layer of soft, weathered rock and red soil are observed. The region is underlain by basaltic rocks. Basalt flow forms the predominant formation capped at a few places by laterite at higher levels. There is solitary hillock in the surrounding area. Basalt flows, popularly known as Deccan traps, forms the predominant formation. It is capped by laterite at higher elevation.
3.1.6.2 Soil Characteristics The entire study area wears red,
lateritic soil. The depth of soil varies from 0.5 to 1 meter. The soil generated in upper reaches being regularly washed off due to rains and deposited in lower reaches. Due to this, the soil in most of the AFFPL plot is coarse grained and red
coloured indicating insufficient time for development and maturity. Figure 3.11 Soil and Physiography of AFFPL area
3.1.6.3 Baseline soil monitoring
Baseline Soil monitoring locations and results are presented in tables below respectively. Baseline monitoring has been done in in winter 2015 -16. Frequency of soil sampling: Grab samples for different locations were collected once during monitoring period. Table 3.6 List of locations selected for Soil Sampling Sr. No. Village Name Location detail Distance from Direction w.r.t Site (km) Site 1 Pavnipada A-01 2.5 North East 2 Chikhale A-02 2.2 North East 3 Onsite A-03 - - 4 Konsai A-04 2.1 North west 5 Nichole A-05 3.1 West 6 Vasuri khurd A-06 3.3 South west 7 Khupari A-07 2.9 South
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 8 Dongarpada A-08 1.0 South East Locations for soil monitoring are shown in figure below.
Figure 3.12 Baseline Soil Monitoring Location Results of Soil analysis and corresponding soil standards as per Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research are presented in Tables overleaf.
3.1.6.1 Observations from Soil analysis:
As per the results presented in the above Table, Soil quality in the study area is good in terms of nutrient value but moderately acidic in nature at all locations which is expected considering the high rainfall in the area. This may result into reduced root growth, reduced nutrient availability, affect crop protectant activity. But for most agronomic crops the soil pH should be between 6.9-7.0. Hence it is not much of a concern. The electrical conductivity is low/average, soil has medium Organic carbon but has low Nitrogen content. Deficiency of Phosphorous, Potassium and Nitrogen generally seen from the results are to be taken care and accordingly fertilizers shall be required at time of green belt development and tree plantations. Otherwise, soil is good for tree plantation and green belt development.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.7 Soil Monitoring Reports Location Parameters Vasuri Pavnipada Chikhale Onsite Konsai Nichole Khupri Dongarpada Khurd Physical Characteristics Moisture content (%) 8.70 8.43 8.05 8.32 8.18 8.42 7.83 7.83 Clay 25.3 22.5 10.3 22.6 20.1 20.7 33.7 24.2 Particle Silt 6.36 17.4 5.2 4.3 1.6 3.3 1.86 5.3 size (%) Fine sand 68.34 60.1 84.5 73.1 78.3 76.0 64.4 70.5 Fine Texure Fine sand Fine sand Fine sand Fine sand Fine sand Fine sand Fine sand sand Water holding capacity (%) 42 40 38 45 32 35 42 40 Chemical Characteristics pH 5.86 5.55 6.09 6.91 6.87 6.69 6.93 6.84 Conductivity (µmhos/cm) 0.002 0.299 0.168 0.329 0.287 0.285 0.422 0.293 Sulphate (kg/ha.) 245.2 177.2 160.8 176.9 230.3 230.5 236.8 275.9 Chloride (kg/ha.) 324.4 260.4 296.6 446.1 336.0 480.1 315.5 364.4 Fertility Status Potassium (kg/ha.) BDL 37.2 21.0 50.2 58.8 85.9 357.4 70.4 TOC (%) 0.42 0.46 0.48 0.46 0.42 0.49 0.50 0.45 TKN (kg/ha.) 3.1 2.6 5.4 ND 1.3 1.27 2.8 3.1 Phosphate (kg/ha.) 0.13 ND ND 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.07
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.8 Soil standards as per “Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research” No Soil Test Classification 1 pH Less than 4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51 – 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51 – 6.50 Moderately acidic 6.51 – 7.30 Neutral 7.31 – 7.80 Slightly alkaline 7.81 – 8.50 Moderately alkaline 8.51 – 9.00 Strongly alkaline 9.01 and above Very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Up to 1.00 Average conductivity (µmhos/cm) 1.01 to 2.00 Harmful to germination (1 ppm = 640 µmhos/cm) 2.01 to 3.00 Harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon (%) Up to 0.2 Very less 0.21 to 0.40 Less 0.41 to 0.50 Medium 0.51 to 0.80 On an average sufficient 0.81 to 1.00 Sufficient > 1.0 More than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/Ha) Up to 50 Very less 51 – 100 Less 101 – 150 Good 151 – 300 Better More than 300 Sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/Ha) Up to 15 Very less 16 – 30 Less 31 – 50 Medium 51 – 65 On an average sufficient 66 – 80 Sufficient More than 80 More than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/Ha) 0 – 120 Very less 121 – 180 Less 181 - 240 Medium 241 - 300 Average 301 – 360 Better More than 360 More than sufficient
3.2 Topography & Meteorology
The district is divided into three parts on the basis of its topography, The Eastern and South western portion having Sahyadri ranges and its slopes is mainly forest area. The eastern hills form part of Tansa Wild life sanctuary. The Central Region covering mostly paddy fields and Western part along the West coast, where horticulture, cultivation of high quality fodder and vegetables are agricultural practices.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.2.1 Hills
The Sahyadri ranges, having unbroken boundary run North South in the Eastern region of the district. There are also spurs running laterally to the main ranges. The heights of the mountains are maximum on the East and diminish gradually Westwards. The mountain ranges also spread unevenly in the Central region of the district. But none of them rises higher than Sahyadris. This naturally beautiful and pollution free area attracts lot of people.
3.2.2 Rivers
The study area forms part of Vaitarna river basin. Vaitarna river rises in the hills near Trimbak in the Nashik district and flowing Southwards takes a Westwards turn entering Thane district at Vihigaon in Shahapur tahsil. It further passes across northern boundary of Shahapur tahsil to enter Wada tahsil near Nishet village and then taking East-West course through the middle of Wada tahsil. It enters Palghar tahsil near village Vasuri (Bk.) and runs in North-West direction upto Manor, where-from it turns South-West and Southwards upto village Navghar forming Vaitarna creek at the south of Palghar tahsil. The important tributaries of Vaitarna are:- • Pinjal, which rises in the mountains in the South of Mokhada tahsil, joins it at Aleman village in Wada tahsil • Daherja, which rises in the mountain in Jawhar tahsil, joins it at village Durvas in Palghar tehsil • Surya, which rises in the mountains in Mokhada tahsil and taking south West and southwards course joins it near Sakri village in Palghar tahsil. • Tansa which rises in the mountains in Shahapur tahsil and joins it near Chirman village in Vasai tahsil. The first three tributaries viz-Pinjal, Daherja and Surya join the Vaitarna from the right and Tansa joins it from the left.
3.2.3 Climate
The climate of the district is distinctly different on the coastal plains and on the eastern slopes. Being fully tropical, the climate on the coast, the coastal strip including Thane, Vasai, Palghar and Dahanu tahsils is very humid and warm. On the other hand, the climate on the eastern slopes and in the plains at the foot of the slopes is comparatively less humid. However, variation in temperature in the eastern region is more than that on the coastal strip. The maximum temperature lies between 280C to 35.20C and the minimum temperature lies between 16.30C to 260C.
3.2.4 Rainfall
The district gets assured rainfall of 2500 mm from the South-West monsoon during the months June to September. Generally highest rainfall is recorded in the month of July. It is considerably more inland than on the coast. It is also less towards the North more inland than on the coast. It is also less towards the North than towards the South.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
Figure 3.13 Wind Rose Plot for Site (Winter 2015-16)
3.2.5 Temperature Profile
Lakhmapur village comes in Palghar district which has warm & humid weather throughout the year. Temperature data for Palghar is given in Table below. Table 3.9 Summarized Met Data at Site Month Factor Maximum Minimum Average Temperature (0C) 36.1 19.1 27.3 December 2015 Humidity (%) 83 79 80 Temperature (0C) 36.9 16.5 25.5 January 2016 Humidity (%) 83 79 80 Temperature (0C) 35 18.5 27.0 February 2016 Humidity (%) 83 77 80
3.2.6 Humidity & Rainfall Profile
Lakhmapur village, Palghar district being in region of Konkan region the climate is warm and humid. The relative humidity levels in this region are high throughout the year. The relative humidity levels observed are in range of minimum 77 % (Dec) to maximum 83% (December, January, February)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment The area receives rainfall for mainly in four months of the year, which provides main climatic variations. Out of total rainfall 90% is experienced during Monsoon season of months June to September. The rainfall profile of Palghar district for Year 2015 is given in table below. Table 3.10 Rainfall Profile for Year 2015 for Palghar District Rainfall Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec (mm) Year 2015 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.6 13 574 868 553 306 63 15 5.6
(Source: http://wikipedia/palghar_district)
3.3 Air Environment
A methodically designed Air Quality Surveillance Program (AQSP) should form the basis to determine the impact assessment on air environment, which ultimately helps in formulating a sound Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The basic considerations for designing such program include: • Representative selection of sampling locations (primarily guided by the topography & micrometeorology of the region) • Adequate sampling frequency • Inclusion of all the major pollution parameters
All these aspects were given due consideration for devising an optimal scheme for AQSP for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) around the project site.
3.3.1 Reconnaissance Study
The prime objective of this AAQ study was to establish the existing regional background levels within study zone of proposed project. Major sources of air pollution were identified as medium and small-scale units spread over surrounding 10 km area (parts of Wada Industrial Area) & traffic along Bhiwandi Wada Road. Other miscellaneous sources were identified as burning of minor fuels and dust from movement of traffic along rural roads. The fluctuation of AAQ within the study zone of proposed project will be governed by overall regional emissions and micrometeorology. Within the project site, present activity includes production of Fragrances and Flavors. The sources of air pollution are stacks connected to boiler and emergency DG sets. Furnace oil is used as Fuel for boiler.
3.3.2 AAQM Locations and Parameters Selected
AAQM, sampling locations were selected around project site within study area in order to have an idea of baseline air quality around it. Wind direction and wind speed was recorded for study period. Based on study of existing and proposed manufacturing activities, the baseline air quality was established by monitoring major air pollutants viz PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, nMHC at Plant site and nearby identified 7 locations for 24 hours during Winter 2015-2016.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.11 Air Pollution Sources from Existing facility Stack attached to Fuel Quantity Stack height Pollutants Boiler FO 70 lit/Hr 11 m SO2, TPM, DG set (63 KVA) HSD 11 lit/Hr 3 m NOx DG set (160KVA) HSD 35 Lit/hr 3 m The DG sets are used in emergency only. The locations of ambient air quality monitoring are presented in figure below.
Figure 3.14 AAQM location for Baseline studies Table 3.12 List of AAQM locations Sr. Location Co-ordinates Ht. from Distance Reason for selection No. Ground from Site level (m) (km) 1 Pavnipada 19°36'58.31"N 3 2.6 Upwind location wrt village 73° 7'19.19"E Northerly winds 2 Chikhale 19°36'13.79"N 3 2.2 Downwind wrt South village 73° 7'44.59"E westerly winds 3 Onsite 19°35'49.43"N 3 -- -- 73° 6'36.40"E 4 Konsai 19°36'46.34"N 3 2.2 Upwind wrt North village 73° 6'2.60"E westerly winds 5 Nichole 19°35'55.89"N 3 3.1 Upwind wrt westerly village 73° 4'49.79"E winds & Downwind for easterlies 6 Vasuri 19°34'52.05"N 3 3.3 Upwind wrt south khurd 73° 4'57.93"E westerly winds village
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 7 Khupari 19°34'16.86"N 3 2.9 Downwind wrt Northerly village 73° 6'8.81"E winds 8 Dongarpada 19°35'31.11"N 3 1.0 Downwind wrt North village 73° 7'3.93"E westerly winds Table 3.13 AAQ Frequency of monitoring Pollutant Monitoring frequency Particulate Matter <10m or PM10, µg/m3 Twice a week for 3 months Particulate Matter <2.5m or PM2.5, µg/m3 Twice a week for 3 months Sulphur Di oxide (SO2), µg/m3 Twice a week for 3 months Nitrogen di oxide (NO2), µg/m3 Twice a week for 3 months Carbon Monoxide (CO) (mg/m3) Twice a week for 3 months Non-methane hydrocarbon (nMHC) Twice a week for 3 months
3.3.3 AAQM Results
The date wise data presented in Annexure 3.4 and summarized data for each location is given in table below: Table 3.14 Summarized AAQM Monitoring Results (Period Winter 2015)
Sampling PM PM SO NOx CO nMHC Parameter 10 2.5 2 Location (μg/m3) (μg/m3) (μg/m3) (μg/m3) (mg/m3) (ppm) Average 62.7 27.0 12.3 12.5 1.18 BDL Max 78.9 34.3 13.3 13.8 1.38 BDL Onsite Min 53.3 20.5 11.2 11.5 0.93 BDL 98th 76.0 33.5 13.2 13.8 1.36 BDL Percentile Average 62.6 28.5 12.4 12.1 0.76 BDL Max 70.0 36.5 13.6 13.3 1.28 BDL Chikhale Min 52.4 23.1 11.5 10.9 0.49 BDL 98th 69.7 36.5 13.5 13.1 1.25 BDL Percentile Average 52.9 34.4 12.6 12.3 0.61 BDL Max 58.8 39.5 14.0 13.5 0.72 BDL Khupari Min 44.6 30.4 10.2 11.3 0.53 BDL 98th 58.8 39.1 13.8 13.4 0.72 BDL Percentile Average 60.8 28.8 12.7 12.4 0.61 BDL Max 65.8 33.7 14.3 13.6 0.80 BDL Vasuri khurd Min 53.8 21.7 11.3 11.0 0.51 BDL 98th 65.8 33.7 14.1 13.6 0.74 BDL Percentile Average 64.1 35.7 12.6 12.5 0.54 BDL Max 74.6 39.5 14.3 13.7 0.91 BDL Pavanipada Min 57.0 30.8 11.3 11.1 0.41 BDL 98th 74.1 39.5 14.2 13.6 0.79 BDL Percentile Average 57.9 34.9 12.6 12.3 0.59 BDL Dongarpada Max 78.9 39.5 13.9 13.6 0.84 BDL Min 40.8 30.8 11.0 11.2 0.46 BDL
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 98th 75.9 39.5 13.7 13.6 0.83 BDL Percentile Average 60.4 28.0 12.6 12.5 0.59 BDL Max 76.7 37.7 13.8 13.7 0.80 BDL Nichole Min 44.2 20.3 10.9 11.2 0.51 BDL 98th 75.1 36.9 13.8 13.7 0.74 BDL Percentile Average 59.6 29.7 12.4 12.7 0.83 BDL Max 77.6 39.5 14.0 14.0 1.12 BDL Konsai Min 46.1 20.8 11.3 11.5 0.69 BDL 98th 74.8 38.5 13.8 14.0 1.06 BDL Percentile NAAQ std 100 60 80 80 4 -- The relevant Ambient air quality standards are presented in the Table below. As can be seen, the air quality was observed to be within the NAAAQS norms for Industrial, residential and rural area. Following are the observations wrt the AAQ data observed:
• The sources of PM10 is mainly due to transportation / industrial activities (mostly steel plants)/ quarrying activities within study area • The PM2.5 are mainly contributed from transportation source- this results in higher values in/around the Wada Bhiwandi road
• As expected concentration of SO2 is comparatively low. The SO2 concentration is mainly due to industrial activities in study area • NOx levels are mainly due to the high traffic along Bhiwandi Wada road • The CO values within study area is mainly due to fairly high traffic • nMHC values are not detectable within study area due to absence of organic chemical manufacturing units Thus it can be concluded that ambient air quality in the area is not polluted. Table 3.15 Relevant National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009) Concentration in Ambient air (µg/m3) Ecologically Time Industrial, sensitive Pollutant weighted Residential, Method of Area Average Rural and measurement (Notified by other area GoI) 1 Particulate Annual * 60 60 - Gravimetric Matter (PM10) 24 hours** 100 100 - TOEM - Beta attenuation 2 Particulate Annual * 40 40 - Gravimetric Matter (PM2.5) 24 Hours** 60 60 - TOEM - Beta attenuation 3 Sulphur Annual * 50 20 - Improved West & Dioxide (SO2) 24 Hours** 80 80 Gaeke - Ultraviolet fluorescence 4 Annual * 40 30
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 24 Hours** 80 80 -Modified Hochheiser & Nitrogen Jacob (Na-Arsenite) Dioxide (NO2) - Chemiluminescence 5 Carbon 8 hours** 02 02 Non Dispersive infra- monoxide CO), 1 hours* 04 04 Red (NDIR) (mg/m3) spectroscopy Note : (*) Annual arithmetic mean of 104 readings (**) 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly readings to be complied 98% time No Standard specified for nMHC (CPCB had a Guideline value of 0.24 ppm)
Figure 3.15 Photos of sample collection within study area
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.4 Noise Environment
Sources of noise include various industries around Lakhmapur, traffic on State Highway SH 35 (Bhiwandi Wada road) and miscellaneous village noises. The data shows that the Noise levels exceed in Pavnipada, Nichole & Konsai villages, while other villages shows results well within limits. The results of noise monitoring within study area is as below: Table 3.16 Noise Monitoring Results [Leq (dB [A])] (Period Winter 2015) Noise Level Leq dB(A) Sr. No. Location Day Time Norms* Night Time Norms* Land Use: Industrial 1 On-Site 43.8 75 41.3 70 Land Use: Residential 1 Chikhale 45.4 44.5 2 Khupari 44.3 37.2 3 Vasurikhurd 41.6 41.1 4 Pavanipada 59.1 55 56.2 45 5 Dongarpada 52.3 45.9 6 Nichole 52.2 52.9 7 Konsai 59.5 59.8 (*) Standard as prescribed in Schedule II of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Note: Day time: 6.00 am to 10.00 pm, Night time: 10.00 pm to 6.00 am. Noise monitoring is done once in monitoring season.
Figure 3.16 Noise Monitoring Locations
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.5 Water Environment
3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey
The project site is located in relatively level land. The fresh water for industrial and domestic uses for the existing unit is sourced through existing borewell within the site. Vaitarana River flows on north side of plant site and is main source of fresh water supply in the area. Majority of the study area (10 km around site) has an Agriculture land use. But there are number of other industries in Wada area and other industrial zones in surrounding 10 km area. Agriculture in the area is rain fed. Water source for villages and industries is mainly bore well water. Frequency of water sampling: Grab samples for different locations were collected once during monitoring period.
3.5.2 Baseline Water Quality
Selected physico-chemical characteristic along with biological indicators of pollution are used to describe the baseline status of water environment and assessing impacts due to proposed project activities.
3.5.2.1 Ground Water a) Ground Water Occurrence The groundwater occurrence in any given area of interest is normally controlled by its physiography and geology. In area made up of Deccan Trap Basalts the groundwater generally occurs in the upper weathered and/ or fractured portion down to 9 – 10 m bgl under unconfined or water table condition and at variable depths from 20 to 90 m for semi-confined and confined aquifers. The dug wells in this rock normally show rapid decline in water level during post monsoon period and many a times go dry in peak summer. The water bearing strata at intermediate and greater depth ranging from 25 to 30 m to 200 m bgl forms semi confined to confined aquifers respectively. The hydrogeological study in this area and surrounding region reveals that the dug wells have been replaced to a large extent due to shallow occurrence of “Hard” basaltic rock. It was also observed that even after going up to 100 m depth bgl, the bore wells range in yield from traces to 0.38 lps (liter per second) i.e. approximately 1400 LPH (liter per hour) on most occasions (Source CGWB data). However, at places they have significant discharge, being supplied by fractured basaltic rock, connected with some external source. But these are exceptional cases. A map showing hydrogeological setting of Palghar district (Source: CGWB brochure old Thane District) and location of AFFPL site is given in Annexure 3.5. b) Observations on GW Occurrence at site In case of AFFPL site, the physiography and subsurface geology support groundwater formation due to reasons elaborated below:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 1. The project area is comprised of deccan trap basalt; primarily characterized for low porosity and permeability, hence considered “Hard” from groundwater occurrence point of view. But it is fractured and weathered zone exposed in the project area. 2. The project area is a flat area, covered with soil layer to arrest run off and aid in natural recharge. This further supports the groundwater accumulation. 3. Even though there is no surface water stream near site to feed secondary porosity and restricted permeability to form groundwater, the flat nature of terrain and occurrence of fractured and weathered rock covered with thick soil are found to play major role in groundwater formation in this area. c) Water bearing structures:
Dug wells: The project area has one old dug well, having depth of 8m (Figure below). This structure is found located north east corner of the plot. It is having a large size of 7 m X 7 m to store more water to be used sustainably during lean period. It is delivering water @ 60 to 75 m3/day till winter and 30 to 45 m3/ day during summer. The surrounding area has number of dug well having the depth of 7 to 8 m. Majority and almost all the dug wells are being used for drinking water purpose. Bore well: In the site of AFFPL has two working bore wells having the depth of 80 m with daily yield 30KLD. These bore wells were present prior to existence of AFFPL. The surrounding area also has many bore wells having similar depth range of 75 to 80 m.
Existing Dug well in AFFPL premise Existing Bore well in AFFPL premise Existing Rain water harvesting structure: The total volume of 5 pits are 22.5 m3. The pits are partially filled with filter media & resultant pour space will be 40% of volume of pit. The resultant water storage of five recharge pits are 9 m3. The total recharge may be through rooftop rainwater recharged through these pits is estimated to be 13,878 m3/year (7200 m2 rooftop area x 2.57 m rainfall x correction factor 0.75). The estimated rainwater harvesting through the recharge pond is estimated to be 77100 m3/year (1600 m2 pond area x 2.57 m of annual rainfall x correction factor 0.75 x 25 numbers of days of recharge per year). Thus, the total recharge through the existing structures is estimated to the tune of 90,978 m3/year.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Ground water (borewell water) was analysed in Pavnipada, Chikhale, Konsai, Nichole, Vasuri khurd, Khupri, Dongaripada villages and onsite shown in figure below.
Figure 3.17 Ground water monitoing locations The analysis results are presented in Table below. From the analysis results it can be observed that ground water is slightly hard though within the permissible norms. Heavy metals are observed in some water samples. Samples are seen to have contamination of TAN probably due disposal of untreated sewage in the area and and/or high humic substances in soil. Samples also fail wrt E-coli and Coliform content and is not suitable for drinking. This may be due to disposal of untreated sewage in the area near the ground water source, use of well water for bathing and cleaning of utencils, animals, vehicles etc. Water quality was analyzed using APHA methods for various parameters as given below. Table 3.17 Methods of Water Analysis & Limits Sr. Parameter Lowest Limits (IS-10500-2012) Method of Analysis No Detection Desirable Permissible Limit Physical Parameters 1. Colour, Hazen 5 5 15 APHA-2012(2120-B) 2. Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable APHA-2012(2150-B) 3. Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable APHA-2012(2160-B) 4. Turbidity, NTU 01 1 5 APHA-2012(2130-B) Chemical Characteristics (all parameters in mg/l except pH) 5. pH 0.1 6.5 - 8.5 No Relaxation APHA-2012(4500H+-B)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Sr. Parameter Lowest Limits (IS-10500-2012) Method of Analysis No Detection Desirable Permissible Limit 6. Hardness 02 200 600 APHA-2012(2340-C) 7. Iron 0.01 1.0 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3500Fe-B) 8. Chlorides 01 250 1000 APHA-2012(4500Cl--B) Free Residual 0.1 0.2 1.0 APHA-2012(4500Cl-B) 9. Chlorine 10. TDS 01 500 2000 APHA-2012(2540-C) 11. Calcium 0.8 75 200 APHA-2012(2340-C) 12. Magnesium 0.48 30 100 APHA-2012(2340-C) 13. Copper 0.01 0.05 1.5 APHA-2012(3111-B) 14. Alkalinity 02 200 600 APHA-2012(2320-B)
15. Sulphate 0.1 200 400 APHA-2012(4500SO4-E) 16. Manganese 0.01 0.1 0.3 APHA-2012(3111-B)
17. Nitrate 0.1 45 No Relaxation APHA-2012(4500NO3-E) 18. Fluoride 0.5 1.0 1.5 APHA-2012(4500F--D) Phenolic 0.001 0.001 0.002 APHA-2012(5530-C) 19. compounds 20. Mercury 0.001 0.001 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3112-B) 21. Cadmium 0.01 0.003 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3111-B) 22. Selenium 0.001 0.01 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3114-C) 23. Arsenic 0.001 0.01 0.05 APHA-2012(3114-C) 24. Cyanide 0.01 0.05 No Relaxation APHA-2012(4500-E) 25. Lead 0.001 0.01 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3111-B) 26. Zinc 0.01 5 15 APHA-2012(3111-B) 27. Detergents 0.1 0.2 1.0 APHA-2012(5540-C) 28. Aluminium 0.001 0.03 0.2 APHA-2012(3111-E) 29. Boron 0.1 0.5 1.0 APHA-2012(4500B-B) 30. Mineral oil 0.1 0.5 No Relaxation 31. Sulphide 0.01 0.05 No Relaxation APHA-2012(4500S2--F) 32. Barium 0.1 0.7 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3111-D) 33. Chloramines 1 4.0 No Relaxation US EPA 330.5 34. Silver 0.01 0.1 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3111-B) 35. Molybdenum 0.01 0.07 No Relaxation APHA-2012(3111-D) Microbiological Parameters (/100ml) 36. Coliform Absent Absent Absent APHA-2012(9222-B) 37. E. coli Absent Absent Absent APHA-2012(9222-H)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.18 Ground water Monitoring Results (Winter 2015-16) Limits as per IS Location of Borewell water sample 10500:2012 Parameters Pavni Vasuri Dongar Acceptab Chikhale Onsite Konsai Nichole Khupri Permissible pada Khurd pada le Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 15 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Taste ------Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity, NTU BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1 5 No pH 6.49 6.75 6.60 6.54 6.88 6.79 6.93 6.81 6.5-8.5 relaxation Total Hardness (as CaCO ), 3 460 332 60 354 218 250 180 140 200 600 mg/L No Iron (as Fe), mg/L 0.18 0.08 BDL BDL 0.13 0.08 BDL BDL 1.0 relaxation Chlorides(as Cl), mg/L 175.7 331.2 16.4 224.0 70.48 21.24 67.5 54.07 250 1000 Residual free chlorine, mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.2 1 Dissolved solids, mg/L 260 460 60 310 120 70 140 110 500 2000 Calcium (as Ca), mg/L 129.6 67.2 15.2 89.6 37.6 56.8 39.2 31.2 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/L 32.6 39.3 5.2 31.2 29.7 25.9 19.6 14.8 30 100 Copper (as Cu), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 1.5 Alkalinity, mg/L 340 80 30 164 364 290 226 268 200 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/L 46.2 42.7 24.5 33.2 19.8 23.1 27.2 21.6 200 400 Manganese (as Mn), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.1 0.3 No Nitrate (as NaNO ), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 45 3 relaxation Fluoride (BDL as F), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1 1.5 Phenolic compounds (as BDL BDL BDL 0.086 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 0.002 C6H5OH), mg/L No Mercury (as Hg), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001 relaxation No Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.03 BDL BDL BDL 0.003 relaxation
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Limits as per IS Location of Borewell water sample 10500:2012 Parameters Pavni Vasuri Dongar Acceptab Chikhale Onsite Konsai Nichole Khupri Permissible pada Khurd pada le No Selenium (as Se), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 relaxation No Arsenic (as As), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 relaxation No Cyanide (as CN), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 relaxation No Lead (as Pb), mg/L 0.32 BDL 0.16 BDL BDL 0.63 BDL BDL 0.01 relaxation Zinc (as Zn), mg/L BDL BDL 0.05 0.04 BDL 0.06 BDL BDL 5 15 Anionic detergents (as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.2 1 MBAS), mg/L No Chromium (as Cr), mg/L BDL 0.12 BDL BDL 0.03 BDL 0.08 0.03 0.05 relaxation Aluminium (as Al), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.03 0.2 No TAN, mg/L BDL BDL BDL 0.56 BDL BDL 1.12 0.56 0.5 relaxation No PAH, g/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0001 relaxation Boron (as B), mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 1 No Mineral oil, (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.5 relaxation No Sulphide, as S2- (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 relaxation No Nickel as Ni (mg/l) 0.15 0.04 BDL 0.04 BDL 0.04 0.07 BDL 0.02 relaxation No Coliforms (/100ml) Present Present Absent Absent Present Present Present Present Absent relaxation No E. coli (/100ml) Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent relaxation
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
3.5.2.2 Surface Water
There is no prominent drainage signature found in or near AFFPL site. The existing unit does not use any surface water. The entire effluent is treated and reused at site. There is no discharge of effluents into the river. However, as part of baseline environmental monitoring, surface water quality was monitored for Vaitarna River which is at a distance of about 3 km at North side of plot area. The sample was taken upstream and downstream of Vaitarna River with reference to site location. Surface water monitoring results are presented in Table below. Table 3.19 Surface water monitoring results (Winter 2015-16) Limits as per IS Location 10500:2012 Parameter Vaitarna Vaitarna river river Acceptable Permissible Upstream Downstream Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 5 15 Agreeabl Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable e Taste -- -- Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity, NTU BDL BDL 1 5 pH 7.06 7.02 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Total Hardness (as CaCO3), mg/L 112 90 200 600 Iron (as Fe), mg/L 0.19 0.16 1.0 1.0 Chlorides(asCl), mg/L 18.3 15.4 250 1000 Residual free chlorine, mg/L BDL BDL 0.2 1 Dissolved solids, mg/L 60 50 500 2000 Calcium (as Ca), mg/L 17.6 21.6 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/L 16.3 8.6 30 100 Copper (as Cu), mg/L BDL BDL 0.05 1.5 Alkalinity, mg/L 140 144 200 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/L 22.9 17.0 200 400 Manganese (as Mn), mg/L BDL BDL 0.1 0.3 Nitrate (as NaNO3), mg/L 1.0 2.0 45 45 Fluoride (BDL as F), mg/L BDL BDL 1 1.5 Phenolic compds (as C6H5OH), BDL BDL 0.001 0.002 mg/L Mercury (as Hg), mg/L BDL BDL 0.001 0.001 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L BDL BDL 0.003 0.003 Selenium (as Se), mg/L BDL BDL 0.01 0.01 Arsenic (as As), mg/L BDL BDL 0.01 0.01 Cyanide (as CN), mg/L BDL BDL 0.05 0.05 Lead (as Pb), mg/L 0.63 0.32 0.01 0.01 Zinc (as Zn), mg/L 0.01 0.02 5 15
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Limits as per IS Location 10500:2012 Parameter Vaitarna Vaitarna river river Acceptable Permissible Upstream Downstream Anionic detergents (as MBAS), BDL BDL 0.2 1 mg/L Chromium (as Cr), mg/L 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.05 Aluminium (as Al), mg/L BDL BDL 0.03 0.2 TAN, mg/L BDL BDL 0.5 0.5 PAH, g/L BDL BDL 0.0001 0.0001 Boron (as B), mg/L BDL BDL 0.5 1 Mineral oil, (mg/l) BDL BDL 0.5 0.5 Sulphide, as S2- (mg/l) BDL BDL 0.05 0.05 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) BDL 0.15 0.02 0.02 Coliforms (/100ml) Present Absent Absent Absent E. coli (/100ml) Absent Absent Absent Absent From the analysis results it can be observed that surface water has contamination of Coliform and is not suitable for drinking. This may be due to disposal of untreated sewage in the area and/or vehicle washing, animals bathing, cloth / utensil washings etc. Heavy metals are observed on higher side in surface water samples.
3.5.3 Water Use Existing Facility
Fresh water requirement for existing facility is 8.5 CMD cmd as per consent to operate. The existing water is sourced from bore wells. 5 CMD is for Domestic usage and 3.5 CMD is for cooling/utilities. Sewage effluent generation is 3.6 CMD and trade effluent generation is 2.7 CMD. Effluent is treated & recycled back within plant. The existing facility maintaining Zero Liquid Discharge facility.
3.5.4 Effluent Treatment Plant at Existing Facility
3.5.4.1 Sewage effluent treatment
Sewage effluent generation is 3.6 CMD. The sewage effluent is soaked in soak pit. Overflow is used for onsite green belt.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.5.4.2 Trade effluent Treatment
Trade effluent generation is 2.7 CMD. Effluent is treated in existing ETP & treated effluent is recycled back. Existing ETP Plant flow scheme is as follows:
Figure 3.18 Existing ETP Flow scheme
Table 3.20 Existing ETP Details No Description Size, meter Capacity, m3 MOC 1 Receiver sump 0.6 x 0.6 x 1 0.36 RCC 2 Collection tank 2.0 x 1.5 x 1 6 RCC 3 Oil and grease tank 0.8 x 1.5 x 2 2.4 RCC 4 Neutralization tank 0.8 x 1.5 x 2 2.4 RCC 5 Reaction tank cum settler 2.0 x 1.5 x 2 6 RCC 6 Collection tank 2.0 x 1.5 x 2 6 RCC 7 Pressure sand filter Standard - MS 8 Sludge drying bed 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 1.7 RCC 9 Sludge drying bed 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 1.7 RCC
3.5.4.3 Technical and operational details of ETP
• Effluent quantity: 6.3 cmd • ETP capacity: 10 cmd (8 to 10 hrs operation basis)
Table 3.21 Design ETP Characterictics Characteristics Before treatment After Treatment
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment pH 4 – 8.5 6.5 – 7.5 Suspended solids (mg/lit) 150 - 200 20 BOD (5 days) (mg/lit) 600 - 800 30 COD ( mg/lit) 1500 - 2000 250 • Treatment Approach Existing plant has sporadic generation of effluents only during plant washings. In regular operation, effluent is only from cooling tower and boiler blowdown and sewage. Industrial process waste comprising of various complex aromatic organic and in organic chemicals generally are not amendable for conventional physico-chemical and/or biological treatment process. In such cases, 4 stage treatment gives better performance as compared to biological treatment process. 4 stage treatment process is a batch process. It is designed for effluent quantity of 10 m3 in a shift of 8 hr of operation. This ETP can treat effluent upto 20 – 25 m3 in 24 hr of plant operation. • First stage – pH adjustment • Second stage – auto oxidation reaction with chemical oxidants • Third stage – Neutralization and precipitation • Fourth stage – Pressure filtration through sand and activated carbon Composite effluent is first acidified and dosed with catalyst chemical solution. Then chemical oxidants are added to initiate auto oxidation reaction by hydroxyl ions. During this reaction period, complex organic compounds are split into simpler compounds amenable for easier removal. Later, Lime solution is dosed for neutralization and precipitation reaction. Simultaneously with this reaction, other heavy metals, if any, and other contaminants tends to precipitate, and bound with this flock forming readily settling sludge. Treatment Process Description 1. The effluent is collected in an equalization tank through bar screen followed by oil & grease trap arrangement and mixed thoroughly by recirculation pump. 2. The composite is then pumped into a settler tank provided with slow speed mechanical agitator. 3. Acid solution (to maintain pH around 2 -3 for enhancing chemical oxidation rate), Hydrogen peroxide (chemical oxidant – to reduce COD), FeSO4 (as catalyst for oxidation), Lime slurry (for acidity neutralization) and polyelectrolyte (for flocculation) are dosed one after other to the reaction tank. 4. Sludge gets settled at bottom of tank due to gravity, the supernatant liquid is then drained into the clarified effluent tank for further treatment through multi grade sand filter and activated sand filter to obtain desired quality of treated effluent. 5. The sludge accumulated is allowed to flow out of clarifier by gravity onto sludge drying beds for dewatering & disposed as solid waste. Treatment chemicals required per day for treatment of 10 cmd effluent are - Sulphuric acid – 3 litres
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment - Ferrous sulphate – 5 kg - Lime (CaO) – 5 kg - Hydrogen peroxide – 15 ~ 20 litres - Alum – 1 kg - Polyelectrolyte – 50 grams
3.5.4.4 Performance of Existing ETP
The existing ETP meets the standards stipulated by MPCB as per Consent to Operate. The characteristics of effluent generated & existing ETP performance is presented in table below. Table 3.22 ETP Monitoring results (MOEF recognized laboratory) Untreated Treated MPCB No Parameter** Unit effluent Effluent limits 1 Color Hazen 3 1 - 2 pH - 6.6 8 5.5- 8.5 3 TSS mg/lit 50 <5 <100 4 BOD mg/lit 95 6.1 <30 5 COD mg/lit 280 20 <250 6 Oil & Grease mg/lit 3.2 <1 <10 7 TDS mg/lit 200 250 - 8 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/lit <0.05 <0.05 - 9 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/lit <0.02 <0.02 - 10 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/lit <0.1 <0.1 - 11 Copper (as Cu) mg/lit <0.04 <0.04 - 12 Arsenic (as As) mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 - 13 Lead (as Pb) mg/lit <0.1 <0.1 - 14 Nickel (as Ni) mg/lit <0.06 <0.06 - 15 Zinc (as Zn) mg/lit 0.103 0.072 - 16 Mercury (as Hg) mg/lit <0.0005 <0.0005 - 17 Chloride (as Cl) mg/lit 36.5 46.0 - 18 Fluoride (as F) mg/lit <0.05 <0.05 -
19 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/lit 30.0 27.0 -
20 Sulphide as (H2S) mg/lit <0.08 <0.08 -
21 Ammonia (as NH3-N) mg/lit <0.1 <0.1 - 22 Cyanide (as CN) mg/lit <0.001 <0.001 - Phenolic compounds (as 23 mg/lit <0.001 <0.001 - C6H5OH) 0 % survival 100 % of fish after 24 Bioassay test - survival of fish - 96 hrs in 100 after 96 % effluent
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment hrs in 100 % effluent
** Reference: Report no ME – TH0099-160423 -AT-AARAV- THANE dtd 23.04.2016 (for Untreated effluent) & Report no ME – TH0100-160423 -AT-AARAV- THANE dtd 23.04.2016 (for treated waste water).
3.6 Biological Environment
3.6.1 Bio-geographical Setting of Palghar District
Palghar, the northern-most district of Konkan, lies adjoining the Arabian Sea in the north- west of Maharashtra. Geographically, forming part of the Konkan lowlands, it comprises the wide amphitheater like basin of the Ulhas and the hilly Vaitama valley together with plateaus forms the Sahyadrian scarp. The most rugged terrain of the district is a belt about 15.25 km broad that runs parallel to the coast at a distance of 15-20 km from the shore. Towards eastern side of the district, soil is red and brown. It is not very deep but is suitable for rice. Further east on the hill-slopes, the soil is poor and is used only for growing grass and coarse grains, viz., nagli and vari. In the valleys there are patches of black soil in Bhiwandi, Kalyan, Mokhada and Shahapur talukas where rice is grown in ample quantity. The rainfall in the district increases from the coast towards the interior. The average annual rainfall in the district is 2500 mm, contributed by southwesterly monsoon. These climatic and edaphic conditions support natural forests which are scattered all over the district. As per Champion and Seth’s classification, more than 90 % of the forests of Palghar District fall under the type “Tropical moist (mixed) deciduous forests". Though occurrence of Tectona granadis is only 25 to 30 per cent, it is associated with other species like Terminalia elliptica, Acacia catechu, Pterocarpus marsupium, Dalbergia latifolia, Bobax malbaricum etc. According to ‘India State of Forest Report, 2017’, Forest Survey of India; forest cover in Thane district is about 31% of geographical area. Area (km2) distribution of forest cover in Thane District is presented below: Geographic Very Dense Moderately Open Forest Total Scrub al Area Forest Dense Forest 9,558 0 1299 1664 2963 228 Note: - As no separate data available on Palghar district, data given above is of entire Thane district (including Palghar district) Some areas in the region are designated as protected areas under Wildlife Protection Act 1972 such as Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary and part of Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary was notified on 24th October 2003. It spread over area of 8570.080 Ha. consists of parts of Bhiwandi and Vasai talukas. Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment was notified on 12th June 1970 and extended on 16th September 1985. It covers total area of 32001.09 Ha. includes parts of Shahapur, Mokhada & Wada talukas. Tansa and Tungareshwar protected areas are located distantly about 25 Km from each other. Dense mixed reserve forests towards East and Northeast of Tungareshwar, serves buffer area to sanctuary but, connectivity between Tungareshwar and Tansa might not be established may be because of open/ agriculture patch with human habitation about 10 to 17 Km, linear infrastructure development such as SH 35, ODR 35 and other roads, scattered industrial units and stone quarries.
Figure 3.19 Map of Palghar District Showing Study Area (Blue Circle) Besides forests, natural vegetation occurs on scrub land mainly composed of shrubs, herbs and climbers along sporadic presence of tree species. A peculiar geological feature found in this region where, natural vegetation, predominantly tree species along with lianas were observed indicating well stabilized ecosystem. Many such linear small hillock (dyke) ranges are present in study area that runs through scrub land and agriculture fields. Evergreen species were noticed throughout these dykes imparts good avifaunal habitat value.
3.6.2 Baseline Studies in Study Area
Study area under consideration encompasses mostly part of Wada taluka. According to biogeographical zone classification of India, study area falls under ‘Western Ghats’. 17 villages in study area is listed as Ecological Sensitive Area, in directions under section 5 of Environment Protection Act 1986, dated 13th November 2013, draft notification dated 10th March 2014, and 4th September 2015 and 27th February 2017 issued by MoEF. Similarly, MoEFCC has issued draft Notification on 10th August 2017 declaring Eco-
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment sensitive zone around boundary of Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary, imposing several restriction, regulations and prohibitions for various activities. This notification lists village Lakhmapur where, part of proposed site of expansion is located. This attracts wildlife clearance, procedure for same was started even before 10th August 2017 (as proposed site lies within 10Km of Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary). Chronology of NBWL clearance is depicted shortly in table below: Table 3.23 NBWL Chronology Sr. Event Date Remark No. 1. Application to DFO-Wildlife, Thane 17/12/15 Online 2. Reply received from DRFO-Wildlife, Thane 3. Re-applied to circumvent anomalies in 07/06/17 Online first application 4. Hard copy application (along with soft This application contains - 1:50,000 copy in CD) submitted to DFO-Wildlife, Topo Sheet, Village Map, Survey Thane Number, Gut Number, Exact Distance & KMZ 5. Forest Surveyor (DFO, Thane) visited Measured exact distance with GPS, site prepared map and put-up before DFO for signing 6. DFO, Thane visited site and nearby forest To confirm shortest aerial distance patches between site & forest boundary, facilities at site, various operations/ processes, raw material, finish products, storages etc. 7. DFO, Thane forwarded application to As a part of chain of application CCF Nagpur with his comments 8. Submission of Annexure II & Part IV by PCCF Borivali 9. Submission of Annexure II & Part IV by 27/04/17 PCCF Borivali to CCF Nagpur 10. CCF, Nagpur to DFO, Thane 17/07/17 Asked clarification on raw material used by Aarav (non-usage of Sandal wood/Oil) 11. DFO, Thane to DFO, Jawhar (as site 17/07/17 Very promptly asked clarification location falls within jurisdiction of DFO, on raw material used by Aarav Jawhar) (non-usage of Sandal wood/Oil) 12. Public Hearing Conducted at site 26/07/17 As a part of EC process 13. Draft Notification on Tansa WLS-ESZ 10/08/17 Published by MoEFCC. Included village Lakhmapur in list of ESZ Villages 14. DFO, Jawhar instructed ACF, Wada to 27/09/17 To verify raw material used by visit site Aarav (non-usage of Sandal wood/Oil) 15. ACF, Wada inspected the site 09/10/17 Found non-usage of Sandal wood/Oil within site as well as no Sandal trees in nearby forest patches 16. ACF, Wada to DFO, Jawhar 10/10/17 Confirmation about non-usage of Sandal wood/Oil within site
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Sr. Event Date Remark No. 17. DFO, Jawhar to DFO, Thane 28/11/17 Objection raised, sighting reference to draft notification dated 10th August 2017, giving reason usage of chemicals may pollute water bodies nearby thus, permission may not be granted 18. Submitted copies of ToR granted by 11/01/18 As reply to objection raised MoEFCC & Application submitted to MPCB to DFO, Jawhar 19. DFO, Jawhar salvaged objection 23/02/18 20. DFO, Thane to PCCF, Borivali 09/03/18 Taken objection on salvage of objection by DFO, Jawhar 21. PCCF, Borivali continues stand taken by 19/03/18 DFO, Jawhar and decided to forward proposal to Nagpur for further process 22. Proposal forwarded to Nagpur for 26/04/2018 further process
23. From Nagpur Letter Received 18/05/2018
24. SBWL meeting 03.12.2018 Standing Committee recommended to NBWL 25. NBWL meeting 25.02.2019 Proposal recommended for Grant for permission Ecology & Biodiversity study pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment report for proposed project was carried out in Winter 2015-16. Field visits to site and surrounding reveals that, study area is dominated by vegetated hills. Most of these hills are Reserve Forests and possesses mix of deciduous and evergreen vegetation, forming prevailing forest type in the region. Besides reserve forest, different habitats observed in study area like, agricultural fields, water bodies, human settlements etc. These habitats possess different characteristic which supports typical composition of flora and fauna within them. Study was carried out by visiting locations at dusk, day and dawn, taking care that all such habitats were covered. In order to know species composition, Richness etc. quantitative estimation done as per standard quadrant study. Villages falling within eco-sensitive area were also visited to understand the biodiversity. Geographical coordinates were marked at important locations and geo- tagged photographic evidences were collected using Global Positioning System. Listing of flora and fauna was done based on actual sighting, interviewing locals, indirect evidences, Literature survey, data collected from forest officials and internet references. To ensure
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment maximum coverage of faunal species, observations were noted even 1.5 to 2 Km beyond study area. Occurrences of species in respective habitats are presented in Annexure 3.6.
Figure 3.20 Reserve forest/ Dense vegetation
3.6.2.1 Reserve forests
Reserve forests in study area are well distributed leaving open space/ agriculture fields intermittently. Variation in distribution of vegetation on hill slope was noticed across the study area; it may be because of steep/ gentle slope that affect soil cover. Some hills possess dense vegetation, some are sparse. At few places evergreen species forms basal layer followed by deciduous and again evergreen at the top; sometimes apex is devoid of vegetation. However, evergreen species were observed at the junction/ valley of two hills, where water availability is ensured. Forest department has developed seed plot over area of 5 Ha. near village Nandani (just outside the study area towards SW of site) in order to conserve local genome, provide habitat for wildlife and conservation of reserve forest. Dominant species here was Terminalia eliptica.
Figure 3.21 Vegetation pattern in Reserve forest & RF near Devgaon village
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Figure 3.22 View of Reserve forest within study area Satellite image analysis reveals that, Reserve forests cover 25% of total study area, 13.6 km2 occupies dense vegetation and sparse vegetation covers 55.7 km2. Locations of reserve forests in study area are shown above. Shortest aerial distance (approximate) between site and reserve forest is 1 Km towards SW (from site). Species composition was observed to be similar at most of the places. Dominant species observed are Terminalia elliptica Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, Terminalia paniculata Madhuka indica, Calycopteris floribunda, Carrissa carandas, Bombax malbaricum, Holarrhena pubescens, Mangifera indica etc. These species create mix microclimate supporting faunal life. Avifauna actually sighted such as black hooded oriole, Small Minivet orange headed thrush, Golden oriole, Racket tailed drongo etc. Evidences were found like pallets of black napped hare, droppings of Barking deer, and furrowed surface, uprooted bulbs/rootlets by wild boar.
Figure 3.23 Evidences of Wild boar at base of hillock near village Kharivli
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Figure 3.24 Droppings of Barking Deer in Reserve Forest near village Tuse
Figure 3.25 Avifauna observed in reserve forests Parts of reserve forests towards East of study area are notified as Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary. Proposed Project is located at 5.8 km from Tansa WLS Protected area boundary & 1.46 km from Tansa WLS proposed Eco sensitive zone boundary as per Draft ESZ Notification for Tansa WLS SO 2566 (E) on 10th August 2017
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Figure 3.26 View of reserve forest, that constitute part of Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary
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Figure 3.27 Map showing Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary & approximate location of site & Study Area Tansa wildlife sanctuary (established in 1970) is located 90 km northeast of Mumbai, in the foothills of the Sahyadris (Western Ghats). It extends in Wada, Shahapur and Mokhada Talukas of Palghar district. The wildlife sanctuary at Tansa comprises the catchment area of Tansa Lake and the surrounding forests of Shahapur, Khardi, Vaitarna Parali and East Wada Ranges in Shahapur Tehsil of Thana district. Tansa Lake is a perennial source of water to wild life in the sanctuary. There are 5 revenue villages located geographically within the Sanctuary but does not form part of the Sanctuary. More than 100 villages are found in periphery of the Sanctuary which are dependent for livelihood on the Sanctuary. Tansa WLS has altitude from 70 to 300 m, receiving an average rainfall of 3,000 mm, temperature ranging from 10°C to 38°C.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Main geological formations in are; a) Sub-Recent Recent; b) Pleistocene-Recent; c) Upper Cretaceous Eocene The Sanctuary has soil type of Laterite deccan type and is located on the Shahapur Plateau which is broken by hills in the northern portion and has an extensive network of nallas and rivers that drain the area. Vaiterana & Tansa Rivers flow through the sanctuary. The entire profile of the land is deeply wavy with typical settings of steep and rocky ridges of the long hills ranges which run in the east-west direction and is a common feature in the entire Sanctuary area. Biogeographic classification of the Tansa Sanctuary is as under: Biogeographic zone: 5 WESTERN GHATS Biogeographic province: 5B WESTERN GHATS MOUNTAINS Biogeographic Sub-Division: DANGS BELOW GHATS This is perhaps the only largest Sanctuary representing this Biogeographic zone in the state. The forests of Tansa Sanctuary can be grouped under the following Forest types as per the “Revised Classification of Indian Forest Types” by Champion and Seth- “3B/C 1 – Moist Teak bearing Forests” & “3B/C 2 – Southern Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests” It is the largest Sanctuary containing predominantly the Moist Deciduous Forests type in the State. The dominant species found here are Tectona grandis, Acacia catechu, Mitragyna parvifolia, Adina cordifolia, Madhuca indica, and Bombax ceiba. Vegetation density ranges from 0.5 to 0.6. The composition of vegetation is as under: Tree: 122 Species, Shrubs: 26 Species, Herbs: 15 Species, Climbers: 21 Species, Grasses: 19 Species, Bamboos: 3 Species, The Sanctuary contains 144 genera of vertebrates. Mammals: 54 species, Birds: 221 species, Reptiles: 23 species, Amphibians: 5 species, Fishes: 20 species During visits to different places in reserve forest, it was noticed that, area under non- forest activities is increasing day by day. Newly developed agriculture plots on hill slope (terrace faming) near village Kati (one of the village falling in eco-sensitive area as per draft notification by MoEF) is one example of onset of forest degradation as, while developing the field, trees on slope were chopped, underground corns/bulbs were uprooted and destroyed, excavation/ leveling leads to expose more soil surface which increases chances of more erosion. As preparatory step, soil surface within field is covered with dried leaves, twigs etc. and set on fire so as to add nutritive value, eradication etc; since it happens within forest there are chances of fire getting spread over and engulf nearby vegetation. This has potential even to harm birds/wildlife within it. In advance practice, excess use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides/ weedicides/ fungicides etc. may interfere in food chain associated with it. Similarly, at different stages of crop there are chances of man animal conflicts.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
Figure 3.28 Agriculture encroachment in reserve forest
Figure 3.29 Firewood collection and grazing within reserve forest Besides grazing and fire wood collection, several other anthropogenic pressures that may cause threats to biodiversity were noticed during survey. Disposing industrial/ commercial waste indiscriminately and open burning was seen near reserve forest ahead of village Kudus. It can cause soil/water contamination, forest fires etc.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Open brick manufacturing adjacent to reserve forests have been observed at many places e.g. villages like Budhavli, Gaurapur which are falling within eco-sensitive area increases chances of human interference.
Figure 3.30 Open brick manufacturing near village Gaurapur and Budhavli Stone quarries are yet another major anthropogenic activity that threatens the biodiversity. Active stone quarries with crushers were seen near village Dongaste and Khaire- Ambivli (village within eco-sensitive area), Gale and Kadivli. These are located on vegetated hills close to reserve forest.
Khaire-Ambivali village
Dongaste village
Figure 3.31 Operational stone quarries Operation of quarries pollute surrounding air environment, vibration/ fly rock generation due to blasting, heavy vehicular movement, noisy environment etc. degrades habitat value of surrounding area and compels wildlife to vacate the place. It increases pressure on adjoining forest area.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Forest fires often broke out because of intentional act, by accident as fire in adjoining agriculture field spread or by natural means. In any circumstances, life in forest is at risk. Quite large area was observed affected due to such fire near village Zadekhaire. Forest areas near village Savarkhand and Palsai were also witnessed affected similarly.
Forest fire near village Savarkhand and affected area
Fire near Palsai reserve forest and affected forest area near village Zadekhaire
Figure 3.32 Evidence of forest fire at various places in study area It is felt that, various prevailing anthropogenic activities such as encroachment of agriculture fields, dumping of industrial/ domestic waste, unguarded brick kilns, operational quarries with crushers and forest fires (intentional as well as accidental) has potential to harm biodiversity within reserve forests. Similarly scattered industrial units (close to reserve forest in village Abitghar, Savarkhand, Kone etc. these are mostly ispat and steel industries) also contribute to this list. These threats are present within or close to reserve forests and are of serious concern. Phyto-sociological study in dense vegetation reveals, almost half of floral composition is contributed by herbs then followed by trees and shrubs. Diversity index is poor to moderate. Species composition of trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers at each location are presented below.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Zizyphus jujuba Trema orientalis Terminalia belerica 100% Terminalia arjuna Tectona grandis 90% Syzygium cumini Sterculia urens 80% Mytragyna paivifolia Semecarpus anacardium Sapindus emarginata 70% Pithecellobium dulcii Oroxylum indicum 60% Morinda tinctoria Mimusops elengi Meyna laxiflora 50% Mangifera indica Madhuca indica 40% Macaranga peltata % Composition % Lagerstroemia parviflora 30% Lagerstroemia microcarpa Holoptelea integrifolia Grewia tiliifolia 20% Gmelina arborea Garuga pinnata 10% Garcinia indica Ficus glomerata Ficus asperrima 0% Ficus arnottiana 1 2 3 4 Erythrina indica Quadrant Diospyros melanoxylon Dalbergia latifolia Cordia mixa
Figure 3.33 Graph showing tree species composition in Dense Vegetation
Zizyphus rugosa 100% Woodfordia floribunda 90% Thespesia lampas 80% Lantana camara 70% Jatropha curcas 60% Jasminum malabaricum 50% Ixora coccinia 40%
%Composition Holarrhena antidysenterica 30% Helicteres isora 20% Carissa carandus 10% Calycopteris floribunda 0% 1 2 3 4 Bauhinia racemosa Quadrant Barleria prionitis
Figure 3.34 Graph showing shrub species composition in Dense Vegetation
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
100% Urena lobata
80% Tridax procumbens
60% Sida cordifolia
40% Sida acuta %Composition 20% Mimosa pudica
0% Achyranthus aspera 1 2 3 4 Quadrant
Figure 3.35 Graph showing herb species composition in Dense Vegetation
Tinospora cordifolia 100% Mucuna plurience 80% Hemidesmus indicus
60% Cryptolepis buchanani Cocculus hirsutus 40%
Argyreia nervosa %Composition 20% Abrus precatorius
0% 1 2 3 4 Quadrant
Figure 3.36 Graph showing climber species composition in Dense Vegetation
9% 21%
18% 52%
Trees Shrubs Herbs Climbers
Figure 3.37 Graph showing overall composition in dense vegetation Shannon-Weiner diversity index is presented below:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.24 Diversity index in dense vegetation Quadrants Trees 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 9.00 10.00 12.00 11.00 Diversity Index 2.10 2.24 2.39 2.30 Quadrants Shrubs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 8.00 5.00 7.00 4.00 Diversity Index 1.99 1.56 1.73 1.16 Quadrants Herbs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 Diversity Index 1.29 1.28 1.25 1.30 Quadrants Climbers 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 Diversity Index 1.08 0.96 1.33 0.80
Trees Shrubs 12.00 10.00
10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Quadrant Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index
Herbs 6.00 6.00 Climbers
4.00 4.00
2.00 2.00
0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 Quadrant 1 2 Quadrant3 4 Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index
Figure 3.38 Graphical representation of diversity index in dense vegetation
3.6.2.2 Human Settlements
Study area has rural setting. Villages are scattered all over the study area along with agriculture fields. Typical plant species were found in habituated areas which are intentionally planted for the purpose of beautification, shade, protection from stray/grazing animals and for food value. Similarly, faunal species of interest such as cattle etc. were noticed. In open spaces/ waste areas, plants exists naturally, both
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment supports respective fauna and constitutes part of biodiversity. For the purpose of listing the species; open/waste area adjacent to human settlement, road side plantation etc. are also considered in this habitat.
Figure 3.39 Outskirts of village Gaurapur and view of Gaurapur (part) with vegetation
Figure 3.40 Open area near village Tilgaon and vegetation around it
Figure 3.41 Vegetable plot in village Gunj and Bubulcus ibis in Hibiscus esculantus field Phyto-sociological study in human settlement reveals, herbs dominate floral composition followed by shrubs and trees species. This may be because of intentionally planted species. Diversity index is poor. Species composition of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses at each location are presented below.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Thespesia populnea Terminalia catappa 100% Tamarindus indica Syzygium cumini 90% Pongamia pinnata Phyllanthus emblica 80% Peltophorum pterocarpum Mussaenda frondosa 70% Murraya koenigii Murraya exotica 60% Mimusops elengi Mangifera indica 50% Gmelina arborea 40% Garcinia indica % Composition % Ficus religiosa 30% Ficus glomerata Ficus bengalensis 20% Eucalyptus sp. Delonix regia 10% Cocos nucifera Casurina equisetifolia 0% Cassia fistula 1 2 3 4 Borassus flabellifer Bombax malbaricum Anacardium occidentale Alstonia scolaris Quadrant Albizzia odoratissima Figure 3.42 Graph showing tree species composition in human settlement
Vitex negundo 100% Thevetia neriifolia 90% Tabernemontana coronaria 80% Ricinus communis Nyctanthes arbor-tristis 70% Nerium indicum 60% Muntingia calabura 50% Lawsonia inermis 40% Lantana camara
% Composition % Ixora coccinia 30% Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 20% Duranta plumieri 10% Datura metel 0% Calotropis gigentea 1 2 3 4 Bougainvellia spectabilis Quadrant Adhatoda vasica
Figure 3.43 Graph showing shrub species composition in human settlement
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
Wedelia sp. 100% Urena lobata 90% 80% Tridax procumbens 70% Physalis minima 60% Ocimum sanctum
50% Malachra capitata
40% Euphorbia hirta % Composition % 30% Eranthemum roseum 20% Catharanthes rosious 10% Boerhavia diffusa 0% 1 2 3 4 Alternanthera sessilis Quadrant Ageratum conyzoides
Figure 3.44 Graph showing herb species composition in human settlement
100% Paspalum scrobiculatum 80% Oplismenus sp. 60% Cynodon ductylon 40%
% Composition % Apluda mutica
20% Andropogon sp.
0% 1 2 3 4 Quadrant
Figure 3.45 Graph showing grass species composition in human settlement
8% 16%
45% 31%
Trees Shrubs Herbs Grasses Figure 3.46 Graph showing overall composition in human settlement Shannon-Weiner diversity index is presented below:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.25 Diversity index in human settlement Quadrant Trees 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 6.00 5.00 3.00 7.00 Diversity Index 1.73 1.56 1.04 1.91 Quadrant Shrubs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 5.00 5.00 7.00 6.00 Diversity Index 1.55 1.50 1.87 1.67 Quadrant Herbs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 6.00 6.00 4.00 6.00 Diversity Index 1.62 1.59 1.23 1.71 Quadrant Grasses 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 Diversity Index 0.64 1.10 1.05 0.64
Shrubs Trees 8.00 8.00
6.00 6.00
4.00 4.00
2.00 2.00
0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Quadrant Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index
Herbs Grasses 8.00 4.00
6.00 3.00
4.00 2.00
2.00 1.00
0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 1 2 Quadrant3 4 Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index
Figure 3.47 Graphical representation of diversity index in Human settlement
3.6.2.3 Agricultural Fields
Besides species of interest in human settlements, some species are cultivated on commercial basis as a crop in agricultural fields and forms part of flora. This flora supports corresponding members of fauna in study area. Agricultural fields in study area are seen scattered along with human settlement. Major crop in entire district is Rice. Besides Rice, cereal and pulses are grown on hill slope. Practicing of planting trees along
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment the field boundary is seen at places in the study area. For the purpose of listing of species; areas adjacent to fields, orchards, plantations and vegetation on fallow lands are also included.
Figure 3.48 Preparing field for next crop and vacant fields near village Budhavli
Figure 3.49 Agriculture fields adjacent to RF near village Dongaste and Achrus sapota plantation near village Shil As discussed earlier, fields closed to forest area may have adverse effect on wildlife. Interestingly, Gypsum waste was seen dumped without any kind of confinement in agriculture field near village Nare. Excess gypsum in soil may reduce root penetration thereby making it difficult for plant to withstand; also it may decrease nutrient uptake capacity of roots from soil making it inappropriate for cropping.
Figure 3.50 Gypsum waste dump near village Nare
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Phyto-sociological study reveals herbs contribute flora majorly, followed by shrubs & trees. This may be due to paddy crop and cultivation/ vegetable farms that cultivate members of cucurbitaceae family. Diversity index is poor. Species composition of trees, shrubs and herbs at each location are presented below
Thespesia populnea 100% Tamarindus indica 90% 80% Pongamia pinnata 70% Pithecellobium dulcii 60% Phoenix sylvestris 50% Mangifera indica 40%
% Composition % Madhuca indica 30% 20% Eucalyptus sp. 10% Cocos nucifera 0% 1 2 3 4 Borassus flabellifer
Quadrants Acacia catechu
Figure 3.51 Graph showing tree species composition in Agriculture
100% Vitex negundo 90% 80% Thevetia neriifolia 70% 60% Euphorbia nerifolia 50% 40%
% Composition % 30% Crotolaria retusa 20% 10% Calotropis gigentea 0% 1 2 3 4 Agave americana Quadrant
Figure 3.52 Graph showing shrub species composition in Agriculture
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment
100% 90%
80% Sida cordifolia 70% 60% 50% Sida acuta
40% % Composition % 30% Lycopersicon esculantum 20% 10% Argemone mexicana 0% 1 2 3 4 Quadrants
Figure 3.53 Graph showing herb species composition in Agriculture
22% 41% 37%
Trees Shrubs Herbs Figure 3.54 Graph showing overall composition in agriculture Shannon-Weiner diversity index is presented below: Table 3.26 Diversity index in agriculture Quadrants Trees 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 3.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 Diversity Index 1.04 1.73 1.33 1.55 Quadrants Shrubs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 Diversity Index 0.96 1.26 1.09 1.18 Quadrants Herbs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 Diversity Index 0.89 1.05 0.8 0.66
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Trees 7.00 5.00 Shrubs 6.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 Quadrant 1 2 Quadrant3 4 Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index
Herbs 4.00 3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00 1 2Quadrant 3 4 Species Richness Diversity Index Figure 3.55 Graphical representation of diversity index in agriculture
3.6.2.4 Water Bodies
Natural drainage in study area is mainly through River Vaitarna and other small rivulate/ tributaries Dhandela (meets River Vaitarna near village Khonsai towards N of site), Dongari (meets Rive Tansa near village Kuylu, towards SE of site), Mokhai (meets River Vaitarna near village Sindipada/Khutal). Undulating terrain, number of stream/ nallah also flows downhill and joins rivers. Along with river, some lakes which are drinking water source for nearby villages were visited and fauna associated with water bodies was recorded. For the purpose of this study and enlisting the species, areas adjacent to these has also been covered.
Figure 3.56 Rivulet near village Khanivli, Ipomoea carnea and Frogs within it
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Figure 3.57 View of River Vaitarna near village Shiraspada
Figure 3.58 Vegetation along banks of River Vaitarna
Figure 3.59 Sand excavation within Vaitarna river near village Shiraspada
Figure 3.60 View of Kudus lake
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Common aquatic floral species were observed throughout the study area and so the fauna species. Fishing for recreational/ own consumption purpose was noticed at Kudus and Lohope Lake. Fine nylon net is used for fishing, locally called ‘Bhusa’. Birds like cormorant, kingfisher were noticed. Anthropogenic pressures like cloth washing, bathing etc. were observed at all places visited.
Figure 3.61 Activities at Kudus Lake (source of drinking water)
Figure 3.62 Fishing at Kudus Lake and Lohope Lake As compare to Kudus; Lohope Lake experiences less human interference, even surrounding area is almost devoid of industrial activities; resulting more diversity was observed at Lohope Lake. Though cloth washing and discontinued recreational boating, fresh water aquatic fauna such as sponges, prawns, clamps, macro algae, gastropods and fishes were inhabited in Lake.
Figure 3.63 View of Lohope Lake and Phalacrocorax fuscicollis on bank of it
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Figure 3.64 Aquatic fauna in Kudus lake (left) and Lohope lake (right) During study, only herb species showed diversity and hence measured, reveals poor diversity index. This may be due to weeds and floating /aquatic plants. Species composition of herbs at each location are presented below.
100% Marsilea sp. 80% Lemna sp. 60% Jussiaea suffruticosa 40% Ipomoea carnea Composition % 20% Eclipta alba 0% 1 2 3 4 Colocasia esculanta Quadrant
Figure 3.65 Graph showing herb species composition in Aquatic habitat Though, each above identified habitat experiences similar climatic conditions, they differ in edaphic conditions, location, use/interference of human and shows variation in floral composition. These members of flora support different kinds of fauna associated with it. Many species are present in more than one habitat. List of flora observed/reported within buffer zone is presented in Annexure 3.6 with respect to different habitats described earlier. Similarly, list of fauna is presented in Annexure 3.6.
3.6.3 Baseline Studies at Site
Aarav Fragrances & Flavor is existing manufacturing unit. The site is located off SH35 in village Jamghar. The proposal under consideration is expansion of synthetic organic chemical manufacturing unit, to be located within existing campus. During site visit, efforts to develop green belt within campus were noticed in the form of trees planted long internal road, compound wall and lawn. Faunal species like Garden lizard, Common myna, Green Bee-Eater, Jungle Babbler were notice visiting the site. Plant species selected for green belt has more beautification value than pollution abetment. However, some plants planted in pots has medicinal value.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Table 3.27 List of Flora observed within site Sr. Common/ Local Scientific Name Family No. Name Trees 1. Cycas sp. Cycas Cycadceae 2. Delonix regia Gulmohar Leguminoceae 3. Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae 4. Peltophorum pterocarpum Indian copper pod tree Caesalpiniaceae 5. Roystonea regia Royal palm Arecaceae 6. Techtona grandis Teak Verbinaceae 7. Thuja orientalis Thuja Thujaceae 8. Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae 9. Ficus benjamina weeping fig Moraceace Shrubs 1. Codiaeum variegatum Croton Euphorbiaceae 2. Tabernaemontana varigata Tagar Apocynaceae 3. Ziziphus sp. Bor Rhamnaceae 4. Duranta plumieri Kadumendi Verbenaceae 5. Calotropis gigntia Rui Asclapidiaceae Jungle geranium, 6. Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae Rugmin 7. Acalypha indica Catkin Euphorbiaceae 8. Rosa indica Rose Rosaceae 9. Yucca sp. Yucca Dracenaceae 10. Pseuderanthemum rubrum False Eranthemum Acanthaceae 11. Bougainvellia spectabilis Bougainwellia Nyctaginaceae Herbs 1. Alternanthera sessilis -- Amaranthaceae Coat Buttons / Khal- 2. Tridax procumbens Asteraceae muriya 3. Ocimum sanctum. Tulas Lamiaceae 4. Catheranthus rosea Periwinkle Apocynaceae 5. Asparagus racemosus Shatavari Liliaceae Grasses 1. Cynodon dactylon Durva Poaceae 2. Bambusa bamboo Bamboo Poaceae
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Figure 3.66 Existing green belt along internal road and boundary
Figure 3.67 Nursery within site Table 3.28 List of Fauna within Site Sr. No. Scientific Name Common/ Local Name Family Schedule Reptiles 1. Calotes versicolor Common Garden Lizard Agamidae Birds 1. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sturnidae IV 2. Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Columbidae 3. Copsychus saularis Magpie Robin Muscicapidae
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Sr. No. Scientific Name Common/ Local Name Family Schedule 4. Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler Timaliidae IV 5. Merops orientalis Small Green Bee-Eater Meropidae Butterflies 1. Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow Pieridae
3.7 Socio Economic Environment
The baseline study of socio economic environment includes demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure resources, economic attributes like employment, per capita income, agriculture, trade, industrial development, tourist attraction places i.e. historically and cultural monuments etc. The study of these parameters helps in identification, prediction and evaluation of likely impacts on socio economic and parameters of human interests due to proposed project. The socio economic data is generated using secondary sources i.e. official records such as census records, district statistical abstracts, health statistics from health offices etc. and primary socio economic data collection through field survey in selected sampling locations i.e. villages & town/ wards in study area as well as the observations by the survey team. Primary & secondary data have been amalgamated to delineate the baseline socio economic profile in study area.
3.7.1 Reconnaissance
The study area falls almost entirely in Wada tehsil of Palghar District in Maharashtra. The project site is reachable by Maharashtra State Highway (MH SH35) connecting Bhiwandi and Wada or National Highway 848 that connects Thane in Maharashtra and Pardi in Gujarat via Nashik or National Highway 48 that connects Thane to Wada via Manor in Maharashtra. Wada town (population 16,750) located towards North East (7.5km) and Kudus town (population 7,204) located South of the project site along the SH 35 are the nearest major settlements within study area. Bhiwandi is the nearest city located approximately 40 km towards South having population of 7,09,665 as per Census of India, 2011. Bhiwandi- Wada belt is an approved industrial belt as per Town Planning Department, Government of Maharashtra. Kudus, Wada are the major industrial Centres. However, entire study area has a distinct rural character showing distinct haphazard development.
3.7.2 Methodology
Baseline Status: The socio economic studies are done through Primary (field) survey & substantiated with relevant socio economic data from secondary sources. Primary Data: Primary socio economic data collection through intensive field survey in selected sampling locations i.e. villages & town/ wards in study area as well as the observations by the survey team.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Primary socio economic survey is very essential in order to assess and evaluate likely impacts arising out of any developmental projects on socio economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in the project area. Sampling locations (village or urban areas) were selected in each radial direction at different distances to cover the entire study area of 10 km. Judgmental & purposive sampling method applied for selection of respondents (representatives of local Gram Panchayat i.e. Sarpanch, Members & adult male & female groups, senior citizen, cultivators, fishermen, business men etc). Data collection, through field survey and observations are made at each sampling area and the socioeconomic status of that region is studied. At each sampling location group discussions or group interviews were carried out with different sections of community which represent the study area. Structured interviews involve the use of a set of predetermined questions that includes fixed and alternative questions. The questionnaire mainly highlights the parameters such as income and employment, housing, water supply, sanitation, health, energy, transportation and communication, education, environment and pollution etc. to assess the standard of living of that particular region and general awareness, opinion and expectation of the respondents about the proposed project or industrial development activity. 79 villages & 2 census town falls under study area from Wada tehsils of Thane districts. Socio-economic survey was conducted in 21 villages of the study area located in all directions & distances with reference to the proposed project site. Secondary Data: Secondary source of data includes official / documented records such as census records of 2011 CDs from Directorate of Census Office, district statistical abstracts, health statistics from health offices etc. Primary & secondary data have been amalgamated to delineate the baseline socio economic profile in study area. Various facets of socioeconomic environment including salient observations recorded during the field survey & key findings given below. Detailed Socio-economic report is enclosed as Annexure 3.7. Table 3.29 List of surveyed villages for SE Primary Survey Direction Distance (km) Sr. No. Surveyed village From Project Site 1 Jamghar NW 1 2 Neharoli NE 1. 1 3 Lakhamapur SW 0.6 4 Khupari S 3.2 5 Gates Kh. N 2.7 6 Kharivali Tarf Poulbar SW 4.7 7 Bhaveghar W 4 8 Alman NW 3.8 9 Kone NE 3.8 10 Goleghar E 4.2 11 Devghar SW 6.4 12 Ambiste Kh. W 7.1 13 Varale N 6.5 14 Sarshi NE 6 15 Tilgaon SE 6.3
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 16 Kudus S 7 17 Kalambhai W 9.2 18 Kharivali Tarf Kohoj NW 8.8 19 Sapane Bk. N 9.5 20 Vada (CT) NE 7.4 21 Kambare E 8.3
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Figure 3.68 List of villages surveyed for SE report.
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3.7.3 Demographic Structure of the Study Area Demographic structure of the study area was studied in terms of selected parameters such as households, population, sex ratio, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, literacy etc. Summarized information of demographic details of study area is shown below: Table 3.30 Demographic Summary of the Study Area as per 2011 & 2001 Census Description Study Area No. of State 1 (Maharashtra) No. of District 1 (Thane) No. of Tehsil 1 (Wada) No. of Villages 79 No. of Towns 2 2011 2001 Population: Total 106566 102917 : Male 55673 55041 : Female 50893 47876 No. of Household 24021 22030 Child Population 0 - 6 years (%) 14121 (13) 14583 (14) Sex Ratio (No. of females per 1000 males) 914 870 Family Size (person per household) 4.4 4.7 Scheduled Castes (%) 3664 (3) 3093 (3) Scheduled Tribes (%) 48500 (46) 41390 (40) Literates Population (%) 70783 (66) 64407 (63) Source: Census CD 2011 of Maharashtra State The study area is divided into for radial zones, the zone wise distribution of households & population within the study area as per 2011 census is shown below: Table 3.31 Zone wise distribution of household and population Households Population Zones of Study Area Villages Towns Number Ratio Number Ratio Proposed Project Site 7 ----- 2354 10 10057 9 – 3 km 3 km – 5 km 14 ----- 3082 13 13610 13 5 km – 7 km 20 ----- 4652 19 21023 20 7 km – 10 km 38 2 13933 58 61876 58 Total 81 24021 100 106566 100 The significant features of the demographic structure are given below:
3.7.4 Population & Growth Rate Total population of the study area is 1,06,566 out of which 55,673 (52 per cent) are males and 50,893 (48 per cent) are females. Population of study area grew by 3.55% during 2001-11. Highest number of dwelling with population is found at 7 km – 10 km zone of all the zones from study area. Social Characteristics recorded during Field Survey: As regarding religion, study area has a predominant Hindu & small Buddhist populations. Buddhists dominate amongst the
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Adivasi i.e. Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes & Kunbhi community population under OBC. Households & Avg. Family Size: There are 24,021 households in the study area with average family size is 4.4 persons per household as per 2011 census. Sex Ratio: Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in a population. Table 3.32 Sex Ratio of Study Area & its Comparison with District & State level
2011 2001 940 929 922 920 914 900 886 880 870 860 858
840
820 Study Area Thane District Maharashtra State
As per 2011 census record, study area sex ratio is 914 which is higher as compared with Thane district average sex ratio 886 but lower as compare with Maharashtra state avg. sex ratio 929 female per 1000 male. During 2001 – 2011 decade there is a growth in sex ratio in study area from 870 – 914 (by 44 points), Thane District from 858 – 886 (by 28 points) & Maharashtra State from 922 – 929 (by 7 points). Literacy: Literacy Rate of Study area is presented in below figure:
80 70 60 50 40 73 30 66 60 20 10 0 Total Male Female
Figure 3.69 Literate Rate in the Study Area Literacy rate of the study area has increased from 63 per cent in 2001 to 66 per cent in 2011. The male and female literacy rates are 73% and 60% respectively as per 2011 census. Study area literacy rate (66%) is lower as compared with Thane district (74%) & Maharashtra state (73%) average literacy rate. Child Population: Children (0 - 6 years) account for about 13% of the total population.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population: Details regarding scheduled castes & scheduled tribes population in the study area is presented in below figure:
Scheduled Castes, 3 %
Other Castes, Scheduled Tribes, 46% 51%
Figure 3.70 Caste Based Distribution of Population in the Study Area The proportion of scheduled castes & scheduled tribes is about 3% & 46% respectively of the total population.
3.7.5 Infrastructural Facilities or Civic Amenities The infrastructure resources base of the villages and the urban area coming within the study area with reference to education, medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and communication facility and power supply etc. have been abstracted from District Census Handbook CD 2011 of Maharashtra State & from field visit at sampling location which is enclosed in Annexure 3.7. Availability & satisfaction of population within the study area regarding civic amenities is described below: Educational Facilities: All the surveyed villages have primary schools and some villages it is extended up to middle school, secondary school & higher secondary school. College facility is only accessible at Wada town from all surveyed areas. Other types of educational institution found Ashram school 1th to 10th with residential facility is functional at Kalambhai village. Medical Facilities: Health facilities are not satisfactory, 55% villages not having any kind of institutional health facilities within the study area. As per both census 2011 & field survey data health facilities are mainly available in the form of PHS (Primary health Sub Centre) & Pvt. Clinics i.e. non-Government outpatient medical facility and in some villages it is extended up to PHC (Primary Health Centre). Hospitals & drug facilities were found at surveyed urban areas i.e. Wada & Kudus Town. The sampled villages which are not having any kind of health facilities and avail these at nearby villages include Neharoli, Khanvali, , Shirish pada, Varle, Abitkar, Sapane Kh, Tushe, Gorha, Abitghar etc. & for major health problems approached in the urban areas i.e. Wada , Kupari, Bhivandi & Thane etc. Drinking Water: Tap water, wells, bore well / hand pump and river Vaitarna & Pinjal & lake are the sources of water facility within the study area. People are satisfied with the
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment quality & quantity of water except Lakhmapur village where people reported water scarcity problem. Sanitation Facility: Sanitation facilities concerned with drainage are not satisfactory. As per census data, fifty percent villages do not have sewer line & out of 21 surveyed areas & 4 villages & 2 urban areas reported having open drains/ nallas. Toilet facilities are found to be quiet ok i.e. hundred percent houses of 11 sampling location, ninety – ninety eight percent houses of 5 sampling locations reported having personal toilets within their house. Solid waste disposal facilities are not available at few surveyed village but people show neutral response regarding this facility & disposed by themselves at their own agricultural land.
3.7.6 Transportation & Communication As per 2011 census data 85 percent villages have a bus services while during field survey respondent reveal that bus services are not available frequently but natives not facing too much problem for travelling. People use own personal vehicles mainly 2 wheelers & rented autos are easily accessible. Mobile is the main mode used for communication. The respondents expressed satisfaction with respect to transportation & communication facility. Power Supply: All villages are electrified, 6 villages (Kharivali Tarf Poulbar, Bhavehar, Goleghar, Devghar, Kudus & Kambare) reported a power cut problem for load shedding purpose. Power is available for all purposes i.e. domestic, commercial etc.
90 80 70 60 50 40 74 78 79 30 64 62 20 10 0 Black Topped Gravel (kuchha) Water Bounded All Weather Footpath (pucca) Road Roads Macadam Road Figure 3.71 Roads Facilities Available in No. of Villages Roads: Good roads from an essential part of the communication network and a basic infrastructure need for the development an area. The villages in the study area are well connected with both Kuccha and Pucca roads.
3.7.7 Occupational Pattern/ Economic Resource Base
Summarized information on occupational structure i.e. numbers of workers & non workers details & economic category wise distribution of workers in the study area is shown in Tables while its percentage is presented in Figures.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Workers & Non Workers The total working population in the study area is 48,556, i.e. 46% of which 34% are main workers & 12% are marginal workers it means highest number of population is shared by non-workers i.e. 54% of the total population. Among the main workers, male constitute 47 percent while females are 20 percent. It main workers are mostly males. In marginal workers & non workers percentage of females (12 percent) & (68 percent) respectively shows higher than of males (11 percent) & (42 percent) respectively in the study area. Table 3.33 Occupational Structure of the Study Area Persons Workers Non Main Workers Marginal Workers Total Workers Worker Total 36106 12450 48556 58010 Male 26011 6335 32346 23327 Female 10095 6115 16210 34683 100 90 80 42 54 70 68 60 50 11 40 12 30 47 12 Non Workers Non 20 34 10 20 0
Percentage of Workers & & Workers of Percentage Total Male Female Non Worker 54 42 68 Marginal Workers 12 11 12 Main Workers 34 47 20 Figure 3.72 Ratio of Workers & Non Workers in the Study Area Economic category wise Distribution of Workers: Main workers in the study area are mostly engaged in sundry activities 49% & agricultural 48% (cultivators 19% + agricultural Labourers 29%) & Marginal workers engaged in agriculture 71% (cultivators 20% + agricultural Labourers 51%). Population at surveyed areas is chiefly found to be engaged in cultivation followed by working in industries, brick kilns or agricultural sites. Table 3.34 Break up of Workers Occupation Type Workers Economic Category wise Break of Workers Cultivators Agricultural Household Other Labourer Industry Workers Workers Main Worker 6938 10594 931 17643 Marginal Worker 2522 6315 310 3303 Source: Census CD 2011 of Maharashtra State
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Main Workers Marginal Workers
60 51 49 50 40 29 27 30 19 20 20 10 3 2 0 Cultivators Agricultural Household Other Workers Labourer Industry Workers
Figure 3.73 Economic Category wise break up of Workers in the Study Area Salient observations wrt occupation pattern in surveyed villages are described below: Cultivation Approximate percentage of population engaged in cultivation at surveyed areas are shown below: Table 3.35 Approx. % Working Population Engaged in Cultivation at Surveyed Areas Approx. % of No. of Sampling Names of Sampling locations Population Locations Above 90 % 3 Alman, Goleghar, Kharivali Tarf Poulbar 7 Neharoli, Ambiste Kh, Kalambhai , Kharivali T 76% - 90% Kohoj, Devghar, Baveghar, Kambara 51% - 75% 5 Gates kh, Kupari, Varale, Sarshi, Sapana Bk 26% - 50% 4 Jamghar, Lakhampur, Kone, Tilgaon Below 25% 2 Wada, Kudus Source: As per collected field Survey Data Agriculture is the main occupation, majority of working population is engaged in agricultural & its allied activities i.e. above 75% population in 10 sampling locations, 51% - 75% in 5 sampling locations & 26% - 50% population in 4 sampling location. Agriculture being rain fed i.e. dependent on the monsoon, farmers take up labour oriented jobs either in industries or agricultural site or other construction sites as an alternative work. Rice is the predominate crop within the study area. Table 3.36 Irrigation Facilities details Irrigation Facility Available in No. Types of Irrigation Used by of Villages (Names) Sources Approx. % of Farmers 4 (Gates, Wada & Kambare, Kharivali River, Lake & Well & Bore 2 - 10 Tarf Poulbar) Well 2(Sarshi & KharivaliTarf Kohoj) River 50 River Vaitarna & Pinjal, which traverses the area, is used for irrigation, other sources includes well & bore well. Excluding above 6 villages irrigation facility is almost not existent in remaining surveyed villages. Only one crop is raised in a year i.e. in monsoon
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment rain while in non monsoon season, few farmers grow grains & vegetables through above mentioned irrigation sources. Table 3.37 Production & Selling Cost of Rice Crop Production of Rice Crops in Per Acre Land 2 quintal – 12 quintal (Both Cultivated & Uncultivated Land) Selling Cost of Per Quintal Rice Crop Rs. 1000 – Rs. 1500 Production of crop & income earned from it were varied since majority of farmers are dependent on rainfall. The last year average production of rice crops is minimum 2 quintal to maximum 8 quintal & income earned per quintal crop is minimum Rs. 1000 – maximum Rs. 1500. Industrial Workers Employment as labour in operating industries is an important alternative source of income for local population normally engaged in agriculture & but utmost important steady income source for uncultivated land owners. Out of 19 surveyed villages & 2 urban areas different types of industries are found functional at Jamghar, Neharoli, Lakhampur, Kupari, Baveghar, Gates Kh, Kone, Varale, Wada town , Kambare & Tilgaon villages.
Table 3.38 Approx. % of Local people working in Industries Approx. % of No. of Names of the Sampling Locations Local Sampling Recruitment Locations Above 75% 1 Kudus 41% - 50% 1 Kone 21 - 25% 3 Lakhampur, Wada, Khupari 10% - 20% 9 Neharoli, Gates kh, Varale, Ambiste Kh, Sarshi , Kharivali T Kohoj, Sapana Bk, Kambara, Devghar Below 10% 6 Jamghar, Alman, Goleghar, Tilgaon, Kharivali Tarf Poulbar, Bhavehar No Employ 1 Kalambhai Highest percentage of population working in operational industries within study area is found at Kudus town i.e. above 75% & 41% - 50% at Kone village. While large number of villages (9 nos) from remaining sampling locations reported 10% - 20% employed persons in industries. Table 3.39 Industrial worker wage per day / per month Per Day Wages / Per Month Income of Industrial Workers Temporary / Contract Rs. 200 – Rs. 300 Per Day / Rs. 6000 - Rs. 8000 Per Month Labourers Permanent Labourers Rs. 300 – Rs. 500 / Rs. 10000 to Rs. 10500 Per Month Majority of local population recruited by operating industries are on temporary / contract basis & income of temporary laborers are Rs.200 – Rs. 300 per day which is lower as compared with wages of permanent workers viz Rs. 300 – Rs. 500 per day.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Laboring Activities & Business Besides working in industrial units some percentage of laborers are reported engaged in brick kiln activity & agricultural sites. Business activities in the form of small shops are run by very few numbers of households in each surveyed villages.
3.7.8 Health Status Data regarding health status has been collected from Deputy Director of Health Services State bureau of Health intelligence Pune, Maharashtra. Mortality Rate (birth rate, death rate & IMR) & morbidity pattern of Thane district is shown in Annexure 3.7. Birth rate, infant mortality rate and death rate of Thane District were 19.08, 11.32 and 3.84 respectively in 2014. The corresponding figures were 19.49, 15.79 and 3.52 respectively in 2013. Highest number of people suffering from asthama & cardiac arrest diseases in years 2012, 2013 & 2014 at Thane district.
3.7.9 Places of Religious/ Archaeological and other Importance Carved Stones, Wada (Notified Heritage Site): The carved pieces of stone are found within the premises of Khandeshwar temple located at Wada about 7.16 km (North East) away from proposed project. This temple is now extensively renovated, which was originally a late mediaeval temple. A Shiva temple, it was built in the dry mortar bedding construction methodology, with foundations 60’ x 57’ of huge blocks of stone with the usual joists for iron or wooden clamps and a shrine with altar inside. The architectural fragments include a Shiva-linga, nandi, naga pillar capital with a well-cut cobra with extended hood and some other sculptural pieces. Records indicate that an inscribed stone from Wada was found with 11 lines written in the Devanagari script, from the 5th or 6th century A.D., stating the name of a king Maurya Suketuvarma and that Kotishwar was established by Sinhadutta son of Kumaradatta.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment Parshuram Temple, Gunj (Historical Site):
Parshuram Temple, Gunj is located 7.96 km (South West) away from proposed project. God Shiva Temple, Bhagirthi Mata Temple is also located at gunj village. The villagers claimed that the temple originally belonged to Renuka Mata, mother of Lord Parshuram. It was raided by Chimaji Appa, in 1732. The stones with beautiful carvings are scattered making it difficult for villagers to understand its root. Recently Maharashtra Government decided gunj is 'c' division Tirthakshetra.
3.7.10 Perception Regarding Industrial Development Activities People are not aware about the proposed project activity, it may be due to no issue of land acquisition since it is proposed to enhance the manufacturing capacity within existing plot of Aarav Fragrances. Majority of respondents opined positively regarding industrial development activity since they are aware industries provide employment opportunities in skilled & semi-skilled works as well as expecting development of infrastructural facilities namely roads, drinking water, medical & sanitation etc at villages. 4 surveyed villages i.e. Lakhmapur, Kone, Varale & Kambare expressed negative impact of industrialization mainly due to nearby operating industries releasing gases which affect their primary source of income i.e. agricultural activities. Due to release of gases, quality of crops & it’s production became deteriorated which reduces their earning. Varale, Kharivali Tarf Poulbar & Kambare village population suffers from health related issues i.e. irritation in eyes & difficulties in breathing due to air pollution problem. Main concern of these villages that pollution problem should be sorted out by authorities and industrialists by well-planned precautionary measures for pollution. Villagers expressed that the industrial activity should be beneficial in terms of local employment so that the standard of living of nearby population will enhance & suitably will develop the area.
Along with local recruitment villagers also expecting the development of infrastructural facilities in the form of roads, drainage line, health facilities, irrigation facility, library, godown (storehouse or room) for crops & cold storage facility for vegetables, street light & tree plantation etc.
3.7.11 Social welfare activities carried by existing industrial units under CSR:
Socio economic welfare activities are carried out as a part of CSR by Aarav Fragrances & Flavours Pvt. Ltd. A Computer Training Centre has been set up by the industry and Instructor provided in the local school at Jamghar as a part of CSR activity for year 2015-16, wherein ten computers were donated to the school. Also, M/s Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt Ltd has offered to award deserving & needy local students for higher educational scholarships
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 3 – Description of Environment with internship in the company itself & also provide financial assistance to villages for celebrating festivals. Due to improper availability of fresh water, Gram Panchayat school in Jamghar had to arrange the water manually thru students on a daily basis from nearby places which were around 1 km away. Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt Ltd has sorted out the water problem at Purna Prathmik Vidya Mandir, Jamghar village by constructing borewell with the relevant accessories and thus reduced the hardship to the students. Table 3.40 CSR activities carried by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd. Types of Activities Constructed a Bore well Beneficiaries Local Gram Panchayat School Purna Prathmik Vidya Mandir, Jamghar village, Wada Tehsil Activity Executed Year 2015-16 Amt Spend on Activity Rs. 1.5 lacs Photos of the CSR activities are enclosed in Annexure 3.7.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
The proposed establishment of Synthetic Organic Chemical manufacturing facility by AFFPL at Village Jamghar Lakhmapur, Tal Wada, Dist. Palghar shall have various impacts on environmental parameters like land environment, water quality, air quality of surrounding area due to increased quantities of solid waste, hazardous waste, effluent generation, air emissions, etc.
4.2 Identification of Impacts
Environmental impact identification is based on the type, scale and location of proposed project activity. Environmental components that may be affected negatively and positively due to proposed activity are identified. Following parameters are selected for impact assessment due to proposed activity during various phases of the project cycle: Table 4.1 Environmental Aspects and Impacts of Proposed Project Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Impact No. Aspect Type Severity 1.0 Construction of Emission to air (dust) Air Pollution Temporary buildings and Use of water, energy Natural Temporary Erection of Plant and materials resources, conservation Use of manpower Employment Temporary Waste Discharge to Land pollution Permanent land Cutting of Trees Biodiversity loss Temporary 2.0 Commissioning Use of water, energy Natural Temporary and raw materials resources, conservation Use & storage of Safety, Temporary materials Occupational Hazards Waste Water Water Pollution Temporary discharge Air Emission Air Pollution Temporary Discharge Waste Disposal Land Pollution Temporary 3.0 Operation Use of Water Natural Permanent resources/ conservation
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Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Impact No. Aspect Type Severity Air Emission Air Pollution Temporary Discharge Wastewater Water Pollution Permanent discharge Waste disposal Land Pollution Permanent Use of manpower Employment Permanent Use of material, Natural Permanent energy and resources resources/ conservation Use & storage of Safety, Permanent materials Occupational Hazards Production of goods Revenue Permanent Generation Noise generation Noise Pollution Permanent 4.0 Closure and Stoppage of New Revenue & Permanent Decommissioning product employment loss Decommissioning Land Pollution Permanent
4.3 Impact Identification and Mitigation Measures Construction Phase
4.3.1 Land Environment
4.3.1.1 Anticipated Impacts
Plant erection involves demolition of some existing redundant structures. Solid waste generated will include demolition rubble, substratum removed during foundation, broken concrete, glass, bricks etc and scrap iron pieces, insulation, packaging materials, plastic drums etc. Hazardous waste generated includes paint drums, glass wool insulation, asbestos pieces etc. Improper waste disposal will lead to unhygienic conditions and hazards to nearby populace. Construction material (concrete, iron sheets, plant and machinery etc) transport will lead to increase in number of vehicles plying on road by about 5 – 10 nos / day. However existing road is 2 lane roads with very low traffic and no traffic congestion is expected.
4.3.1.2 Mitigation Measures
• Top Soil layer should be separately removed and stored and later used for green belt development • Separate area will be earmarked for storage of solid wastes generated while hazardous wastes will be stored in existing covered area earmarked for the purpose
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• Substratum removed during foundation, broken pieces of concrete, bricks will be given for leveling of nearby plots as directed by local authority. • Wastes like broken glass, plastic drum/ bags / iron scrap etc will be sold to scrap dealers for recycle. • Waste paint cans, brushes and filters, glass wool material and asbestos packing will be stored separately and disposed off to CHWTSDF Taloja. • Separate space shall be earmarked within existing plot for parking of construction trucks so that they do not clog road. Heavy material will be brought in during night time only.
4.3.2 Air Environment
4.3.2.1 Anticipated Impacts There is an operating unit at site. There will be additional plant / utilities and environmental infrastructure shall be added as a part of establishment. Site development would involve clearing the site and further development of infrastructure comprising of construction of Effluent Treatment facilities, Utilities, laying of roads and pipe lines. During construction phase, there will be small amount of dust and gaseous emissions. The principal cause of air pollution during construction phase is the diesel powered vehicles used in haulage of aggregates, earth and other construction material. Air Quality could also be affected by dust & particulate matter arising due to site clearing, vehicular emissions, processing & handling of construction materials. Gaseous emission like Sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide, CO might be released due to plying of vehicles and construction machinery, welding and operation of DG sets etc. The construction activities will be of temporary nature and the air emissions will be highly localized and confined to plant boundaries.
4.3.2.2 Mitigation Measures
• To prevent fugitive emission from transportation of construction materials, the trucks used for transportation would be covered properly with tarpaulin sheet. • Adequate water sprinkling system shall be undertaken during construction stage • All the internal roads shall be paved / concreted to reduce the fugitive dust due to vehicular movement. • Speed control and regular vehicle maintenance (PUC) will be made mandatory. • Adequate green belt area as per Pollution control board norm will be developed scientifically. Green belt act as surface for settling of dust particle and thus will reduce the particulate matter in air. Plantation along the internal roads in the plant premises and site boundary will be carried out. • Onsite workers shall be provided with adequate and appropriate PPE (dust masks, Safety shoes, goggles etc).
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• Construction area shall be barricaded, and its access will be controlled.
4.3.3 Noise & Vibration Environment
4.3.3.1 Anticipated Impacts Noise and vibrations will be generated in construction phase. Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading of fabrication and material handling of equipment/ materials is likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The nearest human settlement is in 0.8 km vicinity of the site, thus the noise generated will not have any major impact in the study area. As the phase of construction and plant erection will be of temporary nature, noise pollution will be confined to plant boundaries only.
4.3.3.2 Mitigation Measures
• Regular preventive maintenance will be carried out to reduce noise generation at source. • DG Sets during construction activities will have acoustic enclosures around the equipment as per CPCB norms to control noise level. • Adequate PPE (ear muffs, ear plugs) for construction workers. • Adequate barrier will be provided to prevent noise propagation to nearby areas • Use of construction machinery meeting EP Act norms for noise shall be used • Schedule the jobs such that workers will not be exposed to high noise for continuous durations • High noise generating equipment, if used, shall not be operated during the night to eliminate any possible discomfort to the nearby residents. • Use of damping materials such as thin rubber/barrier sheet for shielding the work place such as compressors, generator sets.
4.3.4 Water Environment
4.3.4.1 Anticipated Impacts
Water requirement during construction phase shall be around 10-12 cmd which will be sourced from existing bore well. It is expected about 50-60 workers shall be working at site for construction activity. These workers will be from nearby villages. Additional Sewage generation (~ 5 cmd) should be properly disposed safely or else it will create sanitation problem and spread ill health.
4.3.4.2 Mitigation Measures
• Temporary arrangement of drinking water will be provided for workers • Sanitation provisions such as washrooms, toilets, dustbins for waste and other packing material brought by workers will be made available during the period and capacity will be adequate for nearly 50-60 workers
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
4.3.5 Ecological & Biological Environment
4.3.5.1 Anticipated impacts
During construction period, there could be clearing of vegetation in order to prepare the site for construction. Although no tree cutting is envisaged, but herbaceous vegetation will be cleared. Herbaceous species at site for establishment are common in region and do not bear any conservation value. Though there was no nesting observed within site during site visit, construction phase will have insignificant adverse impact on fauna as dust, noise scare away the faunal/avifaunal species. Construction and site development activities generate particulate matters which disperse in surrounding and settle ultimately on available surface. Coating of particulate matter /dust on leaf surface decreases light penetration and directly interferes rate of vital physiological process of plant; the Photosynthesis. Along with degrading photosynthesis, another detrimental event to plant is difficulty in gaseous exchange. Dust particles on leaf surface also chocks stomatal opening and lenticels on bark from where gaseous exchange takes place during respiration, another vital physiological process of plant. Thus, dust on plants hampers two main life processes and cause harm to plant life.
4.3.5.2 Mitigation Measures
This will be mitigated by proper landscaping and extensive plantation as per green belt development Plan. A scientific green belt program will improve the ecology of the region.
4.3.6 Socio-economic Environment
4.3.6.1 Anticipated Impacts
There will be temporary employment for about 35-50 persons over about 6 - 12 months. It will create business opportunities to suppliers of construction material, fabricators, manpower suppliers, civil contractors etc. Local labors will be employed during construction phase. Health of workers may be affected due to dust and noise and possibility of accidents.
4.3.6.2 Mitigation Measures
• Engage local contractors & local labors and youth for non-specialized work • Safe and secure camping area will be provided for the migrants during construction period • The construction facilities will be provided with suitable and sufficient toilets facilities for workers for proper standard of hygiene • Adequate provision of PPE (helmets, safety shoes, harness, ear plugs, muffs, dust masks) for construction workers. • Insurance for construction workers and extending existing medical facilities.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 4.4 Impacts identification and mitigation measures commissioning Phase
4.4.1 Anticipated Impacts Impacts during commissioning phase will be due to: Use of water, energy: Water requirement for plant operation will be 115.5 cmd and will be sourced from bore well. Similarly, electricity required will be sourced from MSEDCL. During commissioning stage the water and energy demands will be fluctuating as activities are performed stage wise. Use of materials, hazardous chemicals: Industry will use number of chemicals including acids, alkali and solvents at the site. During commissioning if incorrect procedures/steps are followed during handling or processing; it may lead to accidental exposure to employees, leakage of chemicals thereby polluting land and water bodies. Wastewater generation Operation of plant will result in estimated ~ 40 CMD of effluent. During commissioning phase risks of water pollution are enhanced since in plant ETP will be new and will be under commissioning and there might be shock loads to Effluent treatment system.
Air Emissions: Operation of plants will result in generation of TPM and SO2 from fuel burning and followed by process emissions and dust. Apart from this there will be VOC emissions due to solvent handling. The bag filters for dust from flue gases due fuel burning, cooling water / chilled water system for process emission suppression will be under commissioning and there is possibility of accidental discharges due to improper operations and SOPs not been developed/followed. Waste generation: As the plant operation is yet not stabilized, there is possibility of failed batches which will need to be stored and disposed safely so as not to cause land pollution.
4.4.2 Mitigation Measures
• Proper training will be provided to new employees in handling of various chemicals by deploying trained personnel well versed in handling such chemicals • Senior staff e.g. General Manager (Technical) and HSE staff will personal supervise to ensure that there is no shock load to Effluent treatment system. Active support from technology supplier will be ensured so that the proposed new ETP is stabilized as soon as possible to ensure that loads to ETP remain at the predicted levels. This will be built in to their contracts. • Quality control laboratory will be upgraded in effluent analysis and staff trained in analysis of key parameters to help stabilize the ETP faster. • HAZOP will be undertaken for reactor section, solvent unloading/storage and handling, distillation/purification section, pollution control systems like scrubbers,
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bag filters, boilers, Thermic fluid heaters systems during engineering stage. Multidisciplinary team will be involved during engineering and review process. • Proper SOPs will be developed prior to commissioning –all concerned staff will be trained and validated for the plant operation • Test certificates for critical equipment to monitor system performance will be ensured e.g. pH meter for ETP water • A designated procedure will be developed to ensure waste generated during commissioning is collected separately and sent to CHWTSDF, Taloja. Concerned department / staff will be made aware about legal requirements for waste disposal • A separate covered area for solid and hazardous waste storage will be developed with segregation so that non-compatible wastes are stored apart- proper drainage will be provided in the area and warning signs will be displayed around the area
4.5 Impacts identification and mitigation measures Operation Phase
4.5.1 Land Environment
4.5.1.1 Impact Prediction
Major impact in land environment during operation phase is contamination of land by: • Spill and leak during transport, handling, storage activity of chemicals • Spill of oil and greases during maintenance of equipment, machineries and vehicles • Contaminated runoff from site and contaminated drain from storage areas draining to land • Additional traffic of about 10-15 trucks will be there during operation phase. During a major accident, the hazardous materials being transported can have serious impacts on land due spillage or leakage on the area falling in the route of the transportation. • Additional solid waste requiring disposal – There will be rise in solid waste generation in the form of ETP sludge, domestic/canteen waste due to increase in manpower required after establishment. Improper storage, disposal of scrap and other nonhazardous solid waste from the company may lead to proliferation of unhygienic conditions, bad odour and mosquito menace. • Sources of nonhazardous waste generation and their quantities, mode of disposal due to establishment activity will be as in Table below: Table 4.2 Proposed Solid Waste Generation (Non-hazardous) & Disposal Sr. Non HW Quantity (TPM) Mode of disposal Type of Waste No. Existing Additional Total 1 Canteen waste 0 2 2 Composting along with ETP Biological 2 2 0 2 garden waste, sludge
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Sr. Non HW Quantity (TPM) Mode of disposal Type of Waste No. Existing Additional Total Scrap (Iron/plastic/ 4 Disposal through 3 1 3 paper/glass etc) recyclers/scrap dealers • Sources of hazardous waste generation, their total quantities before and after establishment and disposal methodologies will be as shown in the table below: Table 4.3 Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Details HW Quantity (TPM) Mode of disposal Sr. Catego Type of Waste Existing Total No. ry Add. (*) 1 ETP Sludge 35.3 0.005 10 10.005 Disposal to CHWTSDF
2 Used Oil 5.1 0 2.4 2.4 Disposal by sale to registered recyclers 3 Discarded 33.1 0 12.5 12.5 Decontamination and disposal Containers by sale to authorized recycler or sale to MPCB authorized drum recycler 4 FO / LDO & Oil 3.2 0 4.5 4.5 Will be sold to MPCB Authorized Bottoms parties Sludge 5 Distillation 20.3 0 20 20 Disposal to CHWTSDF Residue 6 Spent acid -- 0 20 20 Will be sold to MPCB Authorized parties as such or disposed off at CHWTSDF 7 Spent Catalyst A68/ 0 6 6 Disposal by sale to registered A71 recyclers or sent back to manufacturer 8 Contaminated 33.2 0 6 6 Disposal to CHWTSDF bags, cotton rags etc 9 Inorganic salts 37.3 0 50 50 Recycle/ Reuse into process/ (Concentration Sale to authorized party/ or evaporation CHWTSDF residue) (*) As per consent to operate No. Format 1.0/AST/RO-KN/EIC No KN-6887-16/R/CC-4912 dt 13.04.2016 valid till 30.09.2020 granted by MPCB • Hazardous Wastes will be sent to Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) at Taloja periodically through trucks owned by MPCB authorized contractors or sold to MPCB authorized recycler for disposal. • Improper storage/dumping of hazardous wastes, result in leachate contaminating the soil
4.5.1.2 Mitigation Measures
• Production, maintenance area and warehouses for storage of raw materials, finished products and hazardous wastes will be under covered roof and provided with impervious flooring.
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• All bulk storage tanks will be provided with adequate dyke walls to prevent spreading of spill or leaked chemicals causing contamination of soil. • Necessary cleanup procedures (SOPs) for the specific area will be designed and implemented. • Used oil from machineries/equipment etc. will be collected in drums & stored in designated storage area. The used oil will be sold to authorized refiners. • ETP facilities for management of effluents will be provided as planned during erection and commissioning phase and untreated effluents will not be disposed off on land. Care will be taken to keep the storm water system separate from effluent system. Adequate storage of 1 day for the effluents and standby pumps/blowers will be provided to take care of eventualities like mechanical failure in ETP. • The chemicals used will be transferred through closed pipelines to avoid/prevent spill/leak of the materials. • Hazardous waste management will be done as per statutory guidelines & requirements. ETP sludge generated will be dried in dewatering system and stored on sludge drying beds or kept in sacks in covered godown, with impervious flooring sloping so that any leachate will be collected and taken back for treatment. • Empty Chemical drums will be decontaminated and reused/recycled or sent back to supplier or sold to MPCB authorized party. • All transportation of hazardous wastes will be done in closed truck/tanker by MPCB approved agencies • HAZMAT guidelines will be followed for transport of all hazardous materials. All required safety & emergency equipment & materials will be provided on the transport vehicles. • A good spill or leak control action plan will be maintained to cope up with such incidents. • Monitoring of soil samples in areas near hazardous waste storage will be done as per Environmental monitoring plan. • No waste will be stored on open barren land under any condition Above disposal methodologies will be strictly adhered to in order to keep impact to a minimum. Also, close monitoring and control over waste disposal contractors/transporters will be done using Manifest system to ensure that the waste reaches the designated waste disposal site and transporters do not dump the waste at undesignated areas or adversely impact agricultural areas, soil and ground water in the vicinity.
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4.5.2 Air Environment
4.5.2.1 Impacts Due to Fuel Burning Sources
Agricultural Waste / Bio briquette/ Furnace oil (depending upon availability and economics) will be used as fuel in new boiler and Thermic fluid heater (TFH) and will be installed as a requirement of establishment. Correspondingly, two new stacks are going to be added in the plant premises along with existing stacks. Specifications of new stacks are tabulated below: Table 4.4 Proposed Stack Details Sr. Description Stack 1 Stack 2 No. 1 Stack attached to New Boiler (1No) Thermic fluid heater (1 No) 2 Capacity 5 TPH steam 3 lac Kcal/hr 3 Fuel fired Agricultural Waste: 22 TPD OR Agricultural Waste: 5 TPD OR Bio briquette: 22 TPD OR Bio briquette: 5 TPD OR Furnace oil: 10 TPD Furnace Oil: 2.5 TPD 4 Material of M.S M.S construction 5 Height above 30 27 Ground level (m) 6 Stack ID at top (m) 0.65 0.4 7 Stack top Round Round 8 Gas quantity 5607 1402 (m3/Hr) 9 Flue gas 180 180 temperature (0C) 10 Exit velocity of the 7.79 5.14 gas (m/sec) Concentration (after scrubber) 11 Total particulate 0.234 0.058 Matter grams/sec 12 SO2 g/sec 0.68 0.17
13 NOX, g/sec 0.413 0.103 14 Nature of TPM, SO2, NOx TPM, SO2, NOx pollutants 15 Emission control scrubber scrubber system
4.5.2.2 Air modeling results and analysis
Modeling to assess impacts due to fuel burning in terms of increase in ambient air pollution levels was carried out using ICSCT 3 model of USEPA. Assumptions for modeling are as given below: - Steady state conditions and uniform emission rates - No removal/transformation of pollutants - Averaging time 24 hours
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Data on inversion data was taken from the “Atlas of Hourly mixing height and Assimilative capacity of atmosphere in India” published by Indian Meteorological Department. Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of Pollutants are summarized in the table below:
Table 4.5 Highest Incremental Increase in concentration of Air Pollutants Highest X Coordinate Y Coordinate SO2 NOx PM Values meters meters Concentration in µg/m3 1st 0 -500 2.10 1.26 0.72 2nd 86.82 -492.4 1.91 1.14 0.65 3rd -86.82 -492.4 1.90 1.14 0.65 4th 0 -250 1.80 1.07 0.63 5th -43.41 -246.2 1.69 1.00 0.59 6th 469.85 -171.01 1.64 0.98 0.56 7th 43.41 -246.2 1.62 0.96 0.56 8th -171.01 -469.85 1.55 0.93 0.53 9th 492.4 -86.82 1.49 0.89 0.51 10th 234.92 -85.51 1.45 0.86 0.51
4.5.2.3 Modeling Impacts on SO2
Based on the modeling results, isopleths for SO2 are drawn and are superimposed on an aerial view of the site using maps from Google Earth which is shown in the figure below.
Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of SO2 occurs at coordinates in the South direction at a distance of 500 m and the incremental increase is 2.1 µg/m3.
Since the monitoring locations are more than 500 meters away from the site hence, the 10th maximum concentration of GLC is added to the baseline concentration at location of villages in the study area to indicate the ground level concentration is tabulated below
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Figure 4.1 Isopleths of SO2 (Stack Coordinates 0,0) Table 4.6 Prediction of GLC of SO2 AAQM Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* Location value(µg/cum) (µg/cum) (max) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) On site 13.3 1.45 14.75 80 Chikhale 13.6 1.45 15.05 80 Khupri 14.0 1.45 15.45 80 Vasuri Khurd 14.3 1.45 15.75 80 Pavni Pada 14.3 1.45 15.75 80 Dongar Pada 13.5 1.45 14.95 80 Nichole 13.8 1.45 15.25 80 Konsai 14.0 1.45 15.45 80 (*) NAAQS Norms specified by CPCB, New Delhi vide Notification dt 16.11.2009 It can be seen that predicted GLC will be much below the NAAQS norm post project execution.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
4.5.2.4 Modeling Impact on NOx Based on the modeling results, isopleths for NOx are drawn and are superimposed on an aerial view of the site using maps from Google Earth which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4.2 Isopleths of NOx (Stack Coordinates 0,0) Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of NOx occurs at coordinates in the South direction at a distance of 500 mts and the incremental increase is 1.26 µg/m3. Since the monitoring locations are more than 500 meters away from the site hence, the 10th maximum concentration of GLC is added to the baseline concentration at location of villages in the study area to indicate the ground level concentration is tabulated below
Table 4.7 Prediction of GLC of NOx AAQM Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* Location value(µg/cum) (µg/cum)(max) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) On site 13.8 0.86 14.66 80 Chikhale 13.3 0.86 14.16 80 Khupri 13.5 0.86 14.36 80
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Vasuri Khurd 13.6 0.86 14.46 80 Pavni Pada 13.7 0.86 14.56 80 Dongar Pada 13.6 0.86 14.46 80 Nichole 13.7 0.86 14.56 80 Konsai 13.9 0.86 14.76 80 (*) NAAQS Norms specified by CPCB, New Delhi vide Notification dt 16.11.2009 It can be seen that predicted GLC will be much below the NAAQS norm post project execution.
4.5.2.5 Modeling Impact on PM10
Based on the modeling results, isopleths for PM10 are drawn and are superimposed on an aerial view of the site using maps from Google Earth which is shown in the figure below
Figure 4.3 Isopleths of PM10 (Stack Coordinates 0,0) Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of PM occurs at coordinates in the South direction at a distance of 500 m and the incremental increase is 0.72 µg/m3.
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Since the monitoring locations are more than 500 m away from the site hence, the 10th maximum concentration of GLC is added to the baseline concentration at location of villages in the study area to indicate the ground level concentration is tabulated below
Table 4.8 Prediction of GLC of PM10 AAQM Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* Location value(µg/cum) (µg/cum)(max) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) On site 78.9 0.51 79.41 100 Chikhale 70.0 0.51 70.51 100 Khupri 58.8 0.51 59.31 100 Vasuri Khurd 65.8 0.51 66.31 100 Pavni Pada 74.6 0.51 75.11 100 Dongar Pada 78.9 0.51 79.41 100 Nichole 76.7 0.51 77.21 100 Konsai 77.6 0.51 78.11 100 (*) NAAQS Norms specified by CPCB, New Delhi vide Notification dt 16th November 2009
It can be seen that predicted GLC will be much below the NAAQS norm post project execution.
4.5.2.6 Other Air Pollution Impacts - VOC Emissions from Process:
Manufacture of synthetic organic chemicals will lead to increased emissions of volatile organic chemicals during handling storage and from emergency vents. This will lead to increased odor nuisance for neighboring populace. Vents connected to solvent distillation system as also fugitive emissions during handling, storage of volatile organic chemicals will lead to increase in VOCs and odors. VOCs are harmful as they cause following impacts - Adversely affect human health during acute/chronic exposure. - VOCs can cause global warming as also they may deplete stratospheric Ozone - Major impacts are in terms of release of VOCs into air during handling and storage which may cause health impacts and secondary organic air pollutants upon reaction with Nitrogen oxides and in presence of sunlight to form haze and/or ground level ozone Health effects of these chemicals are considered in chapter 7 (Annexure 7.5)
4.5.2.7 Mitigation Measures Air Environment
- Good quality burners will be provided to keep NOX emission below specified norms. - Scrubber will be provided to control PM10 levels below 100 mg/Nm3 as also to reduce SO2 and NOx levels - Regular monitoring of stacks through third party MOEFCC recognized laboratory will be taken up - Bag filters will be provided for bio brequettes handling yard if these are used as fuels. Sequential timer arrangement used for self-cleaning of the bags to clean the rows or bays of bag filters and takes them in operation shall be provided
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4.5.2.8 Measures for Process Emissions Control in Proposed Facility
AFFPL will take following measures to control process emissions in its proposed facility: • Persons working in respective plants will be provided with adequate PPEs like gas mask, face shield, gloves, resistant clothes and footwear etc. • Regular monitoring, preventive and operational maintenance of air pollution control systems is necessary to ensure that emission levels are within MPCB norms.
4.5.2.9 Measures for VOC/Odour Control in Proposed Facility
Various organic solvents are proposed to be used in manufacturing of the proposed products. AFFPL will take following measures to control volatile organics in the proposed facility: • All solvent handling reactor vents & Distillation columns will be connected to condensers to minimize escaping of VOC emissions. • Solvent transfer will be done by pumps. All solvent handling reactor agitators and pumps will be provided with mechanical seal to eliminate leakages. • Utility line sizes for condensers will be properly designed & adequate supply of utility (flow & temperature) is provided to all condensers. • Control valves will be provided for steam inlet line of distillation systems to control the distillation rate to avoid solvent losses to atmosphere. • Temperature indicators will be provided for distillation kettles, columns & condensers so as to control the distillation rates to avoid solvent losses. • Solvent traps will be provided in vent lines of reactors • Selection of gland and valve packing’s shall be suitable for material to be stored • Preventive maintenance program to avoid break down • Proper earthing will be provided in all the electrical equipment wherever solvent handling is done. • Charging of odorous raw materials will be done through Closed handling system pipelines with minimum flange joints or Duct hoods, etc. • To have system to regularly monitor and track leaks • Regular monitoring of VOCs in work room environment as identified in Environmental monitoring plan to check adherence to Factories Act, 1948. • Use of PPE’s as recommended while handling the organic compounds • Hazardous flammable substances shall be separately stored in solvent tank farm area and within premises. Solvents like Methanol, toluene shall be stored in MS/SS drums with all precautions. • Tank storing hazardous liquid chemicals shall be provided with dyke wall. Flame arrester cum breather valve and flame proof fittings will be provided at tank farm. The solvent storage area will be restricted for unauthorized persons.
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4.5.3 Noise Environment
4.5.3.1 Anticipated Impacts
During operation phase, noise generating sources will be boiler, pumps and blowers – which are quite small, hence major impacts of noise will be felt by in plant workers. As the plant site is away from human settlement and there are no major sources of noise, impacts due to noise on nearby community shall be minimal.
4.5.3.2 Mitigating Measures
Noise attenuation measures will be taken at the design stage of the plant itself. High noise generating equipment will be identified and following actions taken: - Area will be clearly marked as ‘High Noise” area and the employees to be provided with Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) like ear plugs/ear muffs (effective noise reduction 10-15 dBA.) - will be provided with controlling measures such as vibration, dampening, provision of enclosures to ensure that noise pollution levels will be within the specified limits by CPCB. - Preventive and periodic maintenance regular oiling/ greasing &/or clamping of platforms, enclosures will help in reducing the noise levels. - Personnel working in the area will be trained about the damaging effects of noise Ambient Noise quality will be monitored regularly in accordance with Environment Protection Act guidelines along the plot boundary. Noise levels within plant will be measured to check compliance to Factories Act requirement. Trees will be planted along the plant boundary to help reduce the noise levels emanating out of the premises.
4.5.4 Water Environment
4.5.4.1 Anticipated Impacts
At the AFFPL site, there are two working borewells having the depth of 80 meter with a daily yield of 30 cmd. Fresh water of 115.5 cmd & treated effluent of 39 cmd will be used for proposed project. Hence, total water requirement after establishment will be 154.4 cmd. Water balance after completion of proposed project is presented below. Table 4.9 Total water requirement (Fresh & Recycle) Sr Water requirement Existing as per Total Proposed Addl. No Break Up CTO Quantity in cmd I Domestic 5 5 10 II Industrial use
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1) Process 0 8 8 2) Cooling and Boiler 3.5 55.5 59 III Green belt 6.3 * 71.2 @ 77.5 #
Total 14.8 139.7 154.5 Existing/ proposed fresh water is sourced from bore well. Total waste water generation from industrial operation after proposal will be about 39 CMD. There is no CETP in vicinity of project. Thus, if effluent generated is not treated properly it will impact the soil/ground water or nearby surface waters. Table 4.10 Total Waste Water Generation Sr Existing Proposed add. Total Waste Water Break Up No. Quantity in cmd I Domestic effluent 3.6 3.6 7.2 II Trade effluent Process & process 0 8.0 8.0 washing Cooling tower and boiler 2.7 21.1 23.8 blow down Total Effluent 6.3 32.7 39
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Figure 4.4 Total water balance after Establishment
4.5.4.2 Mitigation Measures – Water Pollution Control
• There are 2 bore wells and one dug well at site. 3 Bore wells are proposed to be added. All the bore wells shall have water meter for monitoring purpose. • Palghar district is classified as SAFE from a ground water point out of view by CGWB. Approval letter from CGWA for 115.5 cmd (indicating sufficient quantity of water post establishment scenario from this source) is enclosed as Annexure 2.2 and detailed hydrogeological report is presented in Annexure 3.5. Thus, impact due to additional water use on ground water availability is not critical issue. • However, from a point of view of conserving resources it is essential to (a) reuse treated effluent to the extent possible and/or (b) provide Rain Water Harvesting scheme to recharge ground water. This will help reduce water consumption and conserve water. Both the schemes are described below: a) Effluent Treatment Proposal: • The Process Effluent comes from reaction water and layer separation (8 cmd). However, bulk of the load is from cooling tower /boiler blowdown (23.8 cmd) • The effluent after salt recovery shall be treated in ETP. The Process flow diagram and proposed scheme of Effluent Treatment is shown and described below:
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Figure 4.5 Effluent Treatment Scheme The waste water from different process units, cooling tower/boiler blowdown, evaporator condensate will be brought to the treatment plant via a series of underground pipelines or trenches. The waste water will be passed into a collection tank provided with baffle to separate oil and grease, which will be skimmed off. The effluent will be collected in the equalization tank. The effluent from the equalization tank is taken to the settler provided with agitator. Here, first 200 ppm of FeSO4 in powder form is added (to take advantage of acidic pH of effluent) and effluent mixed for 10 minutes. After this, Lime is added in powder form and the effluent stirred for 30 minutes, where the pH is raised to 7.5. After this 2.5 ppm of 0.1% solution of Polyelectrolyte is added. The waste water is allowed to settle. The underflow (sludge) from the primary settling tank is taken to the sludge dewatering unit. The overflow of the primary settling tank free from suspended solids enters the aeration tank for biological treatment (two stage aerobic treatment). In the aeration tank the waste water undergoes biological treatment by the activated sludge process. Urea and DAP nutrients required for microbial growth are also added into the aeration tank. The organic content in the waste water and the nutrients act as food for the micro organisms. The mixed liquor from the aeration tank flows into the secondary settling tank where the microorganisms in the form of the sludge are separated from the waste water. The activated sludge from the bottom is recirculated to maintain the concentration of the microorganisms in the aeration tank. The excess sludge will be pumped to the sludge dewatering unit. The treated waste water will further undergo polishing in Pressure Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filters. The tertiary treated waste water will be collected in final treated tank & reused back within facility. Treatability Studies: Treatability studies conducted on effluents from Wada are presented in Annexure 4.2. Disposal: After treatment, treated effluent will be collected in Treated Effluent Collection Tank, checked for quality and then used for neutralization/cooling tower make up/ used for green belt. Unit will be operated as a ZERO Liquid Discharge facility.
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4.5.5 Rain Water Harvesting plan Rain water Harvesting is necessary to augment the ground water storage so that the run off water does not simply flow away but is available for recharging ground water or use by Industry.
Rain fall is the only source of water in the area. Run off and evaporation and transpiration from plants are two major factors controlling the quantity of rain water available for recharge. Other factors which are controlling recharge are rain fall intensity, hydrogeology & depth to water level.
Systematic study has been conducted for the rain harvesting plan at AFFPL site. Highlights and study findings are presented in Annexure 3.5, along with approval from CGWA to use 115.5 cmd of Ground water for industrial use. Scheme for rain water harvesting is described below:
4.5.5.1 Rain Water Harvesting Scheme
• Rain water harvesting potential of Aarav Premises
The study area comes under heavy rain fall zone. It primarily receives rain fall from the south west monsoon during June to September. Average rain fall for Shahapur is 2577 mm. There is a scope for rain water harvesting in the AFFPL premises. There is incidence of about 0.11 million m3 of incident rain water over AFFPL each year, whereas its ground water requirement is 42,157 m3 per year i.e. < 40 % of incident rain fall. • Rainwater harvesting scheme for AFFPL site The hydrological study within and around AFFPL plot clearly shows presence fractured and weathered rock at exposed on the surface. Hence this area is found to be suitable for rain water harvesting by “Water spreading technique”. Hence the rain water incident in the AFFPL premises is advised to be collected in the form of one unlined, surface water pond as shown in conceptual figure below This model will allow quick recharge to shallow, unconfined aquifer while the semi-and confined aquifers will be recharged gradually. The existing five number rain water harvesting pits was not sufficient to meet the recharge requirement of 107407 m3/year. It is seen that 20097 m3/year rainfall runoff available for ground water recharge from various rooftops of the plant. Presently 7200 m2 rooftop area of the plant has been gainfully utilized for recharging the ground water through five recharge pits. This type of existing rooftop rainwater harvesting is able to recharge 13788 m3/year of incident rainfall. It is now proposed to recharge the balance 2000 m2 rooftop area for recharging the balance 6219 m3/annum of rooftop rainwater harvesting. The catchment area of each roof have been demarcated for proposed new rain water harvesting structure to accommodate every drop of runoff into five recharge pit with
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures shaft. It is proposed to recharge the rain water by additional 5 recharge pits (6 m x 2 m x 2 m) with shaft (30 m depth).
Figure 4.6 Section of Recharge pit • Recharge pit for Open area (Road, Green Belt & Open Field) The rain water runoff as storm water available in the area is 87309 m3/year in 81 rainy days. Two garland drain each having size of (25 m x 2 m x 2 m) for the above storm water have been planned in the topographic low area of plant. The details are as under: Garland drain: Garland Drain of approximate 25 m length along northern boundary is also proposed to arrest the surface runoff from the plant. This Garland drains will be made by cutting and digging along the contour line so that only the direct precipitation of rain water need to be tackled within the stone pitch wall on the outer side of the trench.
4.5.5.2 Rain Water Harvesting - Conclusion and recommendations
• Conclusion
1. From study of site geology, it may be concluded that AFFPL site has good layer of fractured and weathered basaltic rock. This setting is suitable for dug wells to deliver water. These structures cumulatively are expected to provide adequate ground water for daily usage.
2. Aarav plot receives almost 0.11 million m3 rain water annually, which is presently going waste as surface run off water. If harvested entirely, this rainwater stock will provide water to AFFPL site for days.
3. Due to presence of fractured basalt, with secondary porosity and permeability facilitate passage of rain water to the unconfined and semi to confined to aquifers in the area of interest. Hence, if arrested and stored artificially, it will influence significant recharge.
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4. From the behavior of the water bearing structure in this region and supported by the field studies carried out within Aarav plot, it becomes evident that shallow, unconfined aquifer has good potential. Even the semi-confined aquifer, tapped by bore wells also shows good potential and therefore is frequently used.
5. Both these aquifers may be tapped and then recharged by adopting “Rain water harvesting techniques by different artificial recharge techniques” as described above in the premise. • Recommendations 1. In order to collect most of the rain water incident with AFFPL site, the same is advised to be stored in the form of surface water pond. 2. The surface water pond is recommended in the green belt in lowest portion along northern boundary, where the incident rain water tends to flow and collect naturally. 3. The rain water from pond will be used directly for green belt development, dust suppression and for non-drinking activities / construction (if any). 4. The dug wells and bore wells in this premise will be recharged with the help of incident rain water flowing through road side drains after systematic filtration as described in previous paragraphs. 5. The same water will influence ground water recharge to shallow, unconfined aquifer naturally and to deep seated aquifers artificially by pumping intermittently in the nearby borewells. 6. The rain water harvesting will augment groundwater recharge significantly and minimize ground water consumption substantially. This with the above scheme, AFFPL will contribute a lot in conservation of this precious natural resource.
4.5.6 Biological Environment
4.5.6.1 Anticipated Impacts
Gaseous and particulate matter emission from stacks and other process related sources are predicted to increase levels of particulate matters, SO2 & NOx. This shows that the maximum increase in Ground level concentration with boiler and TFH operating simultaneously is 2.1 ug/m3 for SO2, 1.26 ug/m3 for NOx and 0.72 ug/m3 for PM10 in southerly direction at 500 m distance.
Threshold limit of SO2 for sensitive plant species is 1820 µg/m3 for 1 hour exposure. Visible injury caused in the form of development of interveinal necrotic blotches. Similarly, threshold limit of NOx for sensitive plant species is 38000 µg/m3 for 1 hour exposure. Visible injury is seen same as in case of SO2. Considering baseline environmental conditions and dispersion modeling for air pollution indicates, concentrations of gaseous pollutants together with existing baseline concentrations are lower than threshold limit specified in CPCB publication, March 2000 for Green belt Development.
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Operation phase at AFFPL envisage insignificant adverse impact on flora and fauna, provided efficient working of suitable pollution control equipments like bag filters/ scrubbers.
4.5.6.2 Mitigation Plan
Green belt will be developed over an area of 41,481.65 sq. m, primarily along the boundary of the wall. It will be developed in two levels i.e. tall, native and evergreen species towards outer periphery whereas dwarf and native species towards inner side of it. This arrangement provides better screening effect. Objectives and principles of green belt development are listed below. In practice, green belt will be developed in consultation with horticulture expert, as per available species nearby. Indicative species list for green belt is given in Tables below. Objectives of Green belt development 1. Partial check on air pollution 2. Partial check on noise pollution 3. Increase in aesthetic value of surrounding 4. Indirect partial help to maintain biodiversity Principles of Green belt development 1. Green belt will be composed of native species 2. Species selecte are suitable for agro-climatic zone, i.e. West Coast Plains and Ghat Region 3. Taller plants will be planted towards outer periphery 4. Shorter plants will be planted towards inner periphery 5. Evergreen species will be selected as far as possible to have least litter fall 6. Plant will be tolerant to air pollution 7. Green belt will have indicator species with respect to air pollution 8. Species may have quick growing ability There will be dedicated monetary provision made for development of green belt. Plantation of species must be started prior to completion of construction phase. There will be separate monetary provision made for maintenance of green belt. Maintenance will include watering and manuring plats at appropriate time, weeding out unwanted plants, cleaning, replacing wilted/died plants etc. Species recommended for green belt are presented in Table below. Table 4.11 List of Species Recommended for Green Belt (Outer periphery) Sr. Common Height Evergreen/ Scientific name Growth rate Crown Shape No. name (m) Deciduous 1 Aegle marmelos Beal Tree 12 Slow Growing Evergreen Oblong 2 Alstonia scholaris Chattiyan 15 Fast Growing Evergreen Round Artocarpus 3 Jack fruit tree 10 Slow Growing Evergreen Oblong heterophyllus
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4 Anona squamosa Custard apple 10 Fast Growing Evergreen Round 5 Mammea suriga Suringi 18 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading 6 Mimusops elengi Bakuli 10 Fast Growing Evergreen Oblong/ Round Lagerstroemia Queen Crape 7 10 Fast Growing Evergreen Oblong speciosa Myrtle 8 Polyalthia longifolia Ashok 10 Fast Growing Evergreen Conical/Rounded 9 Careya arborea Kumbhi 8 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading 10 Mangifera indica Mango 15 Fast Growing Evergreen Round/ oblong 11 Ficus glomerata Umber 15 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading Table 4.12 List of species recommended for Green belt (Inner periphery) Sr. Height Evergreen/ Scientific name Common name Growth rate Crown Shape No. (m) Deciduous 1 Bauhinia purpurea Butterfly Tree 7 Fast Growing Deciduous Oblong 2 Bauhinia racemosa Astha 5 Fast Growing Deciduous Oblong White 3 Caesalpinia pulcherrima 4 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading Gulmohor 4 Gardenia jasminoides Anant 5 Fast Growing Evergreen oblong Chinese Round/ 5 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 3 Fast Growing Evergreen Hibiscus oblong Oblong/ 6 Nyctanthus arbor-tristis Parijatak 5 Fast Growing Deciduous Round 7 Saraca asoka True Ashok 5 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading 8 Psidium guajava Guava tree 5 Fast Growing Evergreen Oblong 9 Saraca asoka Asoka 5 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading 10 Argeria speciosa Samudrashok 8 Fast Growing Evergreen -- 11 Calycopteris floribunda Ukshi 3 Fast Growing Evergreen Spreading
4.5.7 Socio – economic Environment
4.5.7.1 Anticipated Impacts
Employment Opportunities The proposed project will have positive effect on socio – economic environment as there will be growth in employment i.e. about 100 ~ 125 new workers. As per NCAER, Delhi, every single employment in manufacturing sector gives indirect employment to about 5 times the people i.e about 500 – 600 persons will gain indirectly due to the proposed project as there will be increased sourcing of raw materials, and dispatch of finished products and goods and requirement for various service and mechanical repair shops. During employment, local populace will be given preference considering their skills & suitability. Other Impacts The income of benefitted local population would increase by getting employment directly or indirectly, further it would improve the consumption pattern of employed houses which will definitely have a positive impact on the standard of living of the population. Pollution level is likely to increase in the study area in the form of air, water and soil pollution. But project proponent is committed to implement adequate precautionary measures from design stage onwards to mitigate/control the environmental pollution from proposed project to comply all emissions/discharges as well as
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures manage/treat/dispose off the wastes as prescribed by MoEFCC/ CPCB with the objective of environment protection. The industry proposes to manufacture organic chemicals which maybe hazardous and/or might be toxic in nature. The industry will formulate a health and safety policy for the employee that governs working practices and priority to human life at the shop floor level and in the production plant as whole. Various provisions such as grant of personnel protective equipment, safety shoes, ear plugs etc will be made available by the industry. Industry has practice of periodic medical checkup and has arrangement with Doctors for the same. Impact of project on health of workers and local populace is deemed to be negligible only with the implementation of proper schemes for containment of emissions and chemicals and proper provision of personal protective equipment to the workers. There is likely to be growth in the revenue generation and economy at local, regional and state levels. There will certainly be improvement in standard of living due to required facilities provided or upgraded by management under CSR.
4.5.7.2 Mitigation Measures
• Maintaining health status by organizing health check-up camps. • Fulfilling the water requirement by providing water without any charges to nearby village • Assistance to local authority i.e. gram Panchayat for construction of roads, provision of toilets, drinking water, safe disposal of wastes • Distribution of educational aids & stationary, library books for local schools • Donate seeds & sapling of shrubs / small trees etc or sponsor social forestry programs • All mitigation measures will be implemented for control of air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and noise pollution. • Priority will be given to local people and at least 70-80% locals will be employed • Hazards will be managed/control by implementation of safe work procedures, risk/hazard control /prevention measures and provision of PPEs for all employees etc as followed at the existing plants
4.5.8 Corporate Environmental Responsibilities
In order to mitigate adverse impact likely to arise in social, cultural and economic aspects in the surrounding region the proposed project is expected to contribute towards upliftment of local people quality of life. As per OM F.No.22-65/2017-IA.III issued by MOEF & CC dated 1st May 2018 on Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER), the fund allocated for the CER is based on criteria such as percentage of capital investment for green field & brown field projects. CER estimated fund of AFFPL is Rs. 20 Lakhs (1% of CER budget for brownfield project of Rs. 20 Cr. investment). Refer Annexure 4.3 for CER plan submitted to District authority.
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Following Social Welfare Activities Proposed under CER (activities identified during field survey at 16 Nos. of Surveyed Villages).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures Table 4.13 Needs identified in villages during survey Sr. Village 1) Extra 1) Solid & Liquid Inter Health (1) School Tree (1) Gym (1) Street (1) Skill No. Drinking Waste Disposal nal Facility Facility or Plantat (2) Play Light Developm Water Supply System like- Pacca or School ion Ground (2) ent or 2) Water Drainage Line, Road Regular Related (yes) (3) Garden Agricultur Entrepren Filter Plant Garbage or Check & Material al eurship 3) Repair of Collection & Road Medicin (2)/Techni facility Training Disposal Repai e cal Edu. -ITI Water Supply (3) Bus (2) Job in r Provide Facility Pipe line 2) Toilet Facility stop Company (yes) 4) Check Dam (yes) 1 Jamghar 1 & 4 1 y y 1 y 1 2 1 & 2 2 Nehroli 1 & 4 1 y y 1 y 1 2 1 & 2 3 Lakhmapur 1 & 4 1 y y 1 y 1 2 1 & 2 4 Gates -- -- - y ------2 2 5 Alman - y y y - - - 2 & 3 -- 6 Kone 1 & 4 1 y y 2 -- -- 2 -- 7 Goleghar 1 & 4 - y y - - - 2 1 & 2 8 Ambiste Kh 1 & 3 1 - y - - - - - 9 Varle 1 1 y y 1 - - - - 10 Sarshi - 1 y y - - - - - 11 Tilgaon 1 & 4 1 y y - - - 2 2 12 Kaiambhai - - y y - - - 2 - 13 Kharivale - 1 - y - - - 2 1 & 2 14 Sapana Bk 2 & 4 - y - - y -- 1 & 2 - 15 Wada ------16 Kambare - 1 y y 2 y - 1 & 2 2
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 4.5.8.1 Proposed CER Activities by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors pvt ltd
Budget of Rs. 20 Lakhs has been kept for social upliftment. Specific activities planned in are as follow: Table 4.14 Proposed Activities under CER Areas Proposed Activities as per specific needs Target Villages/ Area Drinking Water Either construct or contribute to gram Vikas Jamghar Samiti for constructions of bore wells & rain water harvesting pits Educational Financial aid to library for purchasing a Purna Prathmik Vidya good & enough literature Mandir, Jamghar village Drainage & Toilets Contribution to Gram Vikas Samiti for Local Villages Coming developing rural drains & toilets forward Scholarships For Bright Local Students for further studies Purna Prathmik Vidya Mandir, Jamghar village Tree Plantation Road side & Surrounding area Nearby village Table 4.15 Proposed budget for CER Proposed Activity Year wise allocation of Fund (INR In Lakh) I II III IV V Total (April – March) Water & Sanitation 1 1.1 1.3 1 1.5 5.9 Educational 0.6 1 1 2 2 6.6 Tree Plantation 1 1 1 2.2 2.3 7.5 Total 2.6 3.1 3.3 5.2 5.8 20 Total budget for 5 years – Rupees Fifteen Lakhs (INR. 20 Lakhs)
4.6 Prediction of Impacts during De Commissioning Phase and Mitigation Measures
This section examines impacts during decommissioning of project, should the need arise.
4.6.1 Anticipated Impacts
Impacts during de commissioning phase will be due to: Stoppage of new production facilities the stoppage of production facilities will lead to having a stockpile of chemicals (raw materials, intermediates and unsold finished products) at the site, which will need to be safely disposed off. Decommissioning if not undertaken in a safe way may lead to catastrophic incidents which may have effects within/outside the factory. In addition, decommissioning will cause revenue loss to company and loss of employment to workers. Waste generation there is possibility that failed batches will need to be stored and disposed safely so as not to cause land pollution
4.6.2 Mitigation Measures
• Proper procedure for safe decommissioning shall be established as part of project development with training to employees • Wastes generated will have to be identified and disposed off safely and site will not be considered shut down unless all wastes are safely disposed • Have a designated procedure to ensure that workers donot suffer in this eventuality
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 4.6.3 Environmental Impact Matrix
The possible impacts of various constructional and operational activities as identified above have been denoted in a matrix form. A quantitative matrix rating has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner: • Highly Negative Overall Impacts: Total Score= above -353 • Moderately Negative Overall Impacts: Total Score= -176 to - 352 • Slightly Negative Overall Impacts: Total Score= -1 to -176 • Neutral overall Impacts: Total Score = 0 • Slightly Positive Overall Impacts: Total Score= 1 to 176 • Moderately Positive Overall Impacts: Total Score= 176 to 352 • Highly Positive Overall Impacts: Total Score = above 353 The matrix system assumes the environmental indices into the following: ➢ Physical Parameters: Surface water quality • Ground water quality • Air quality & Climate • Soil Quality • Land use pattern & Topography ➢ Ecological Parameters: • Forests/ Parks/ Sanctuary • Flora & Fauna • Aquatic ecosystem ➢ Social Parameters: Aesthetics • Local Housing structure • Services • Health & Safety ➢ Economic Parameters: Agriculture • Fisheries • Industries • Employment The assessment of the impact of the general impacting activities on the above parameters of environmental indices can be done by establishing a co-relation by “Cause and effect relationship” with the help of impact matrices. The matrices for construction as well as operation phase are presented below for two conditions: • Without mitigation/control measures.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures • With proposed mitigation measures for adverse / beneficial effects. The criteria for evaluation of qualitative matrix are presented herewith: 1. No Impact (0): This indicates that the project activity is unlikely to have any impact on an environmental attribute. 2. Negligible Adverse Impact (-1) / Negligible Beneficial Impact (+1): It signifies that the actions have minor effect, adverse or beneficial, on the environmental parameters concerned. 3. Significant Adverse Impact (-2) / Significant Beneficial Impact (+2): The activities and their environmental Impacts are judged to be significant if they create, or have the potential to create concern in the public or professional community. 4. High Adverse Impact (-3) / High Beneficial Impact (+3): The action that can create or have a potential to create controversy in the public or professional community due to its long-term effect. They may be at times irreversible. The environmental Impact matrix without mitigation / control measures during the construction phase and operation phase is given in table below, which shows slightly negative impact of the project is (-) 140 i.e no significant impact. The matrix with proposed mitigation measures during the operation phase is also given in table below, which shows the overall impact with environmental controls is reduced to (-) 75 i.e. slightly negative.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures Table 4.16 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation without Mitigation Measures
Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase
Source
quipment
process
disposal
Total Total Noise
Noise
handling handling emissions emissions
operation of plant of operation
Plant construction Plant
End use of product of Enduse
construction of plant of construction
generation & generation disposal & generation
site project of Enduse Plant operation & & operation Plant
& with associated Hazards
Waste generation & disposal & generation Waste disposal & generation Waste
Stationary, process & fugitive fugitive & process Stationary, fugitive & process Stationary,
Water requirement, wastewater wastewater requirement, Water wastewater requirement, Water Breakdown of control e control of Breakdown
equipment control of Breakdown
Material transportation, storage & & storage transportation, Material & storage transportation, Material
Parameters & chemicals with associated Hazards Physico-chemical parameters: Surface water 0 -1 0 0 -1 -2 -2 0 0 -6 -3 -3 -3 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 -17 quality Ground water 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 0 0 -3 -2 -3 0 0 -11 quality Air quality & -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -4 -3 0 -3 0 0 -2 -2 -3 -2 -15 climate Soil quality 0 -1 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 -4 -2 -3 0 0 -3 -2 -2 -2 0 -14 Land use -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pattern Ecological parameters: Forest/ park/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sanctuary Flora & fauna 0 -1 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 -4 -2 -2 -3 -1 -2 -1 -2 -2 -2 -17 Aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 ecosystem Social parameters:
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Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase
Source
quipment
process
disposal
Total Total Noise
Noise
handling handling emissions emissions
operation of plant of operation
Plant construction Plant
End use of product of Enduse
construction of plant of construction
generation & generation disposal & generation
site project of Enduse Plant operation & & operation Plant
& with associated Hazards
Waste generation & disposal & generation Waste disposal & generation Waste
Stationary, process & fugitive fugitive & process Stationary, fugitive & process Stationary,
Water requirement, wastewater wastewater requirement, Water wastewater requirement, Water Breakdown of control e control of Breakdown
equipment control of Breakdown
Material transportation, storage & & storage transportation, Material & storage transportation, Material
Parameters & chemicals with associated Hazards Aesthetics -2 0 -2 0 -3 -1 -2 -1 0 -11 -2 -2 -2 0 -3 -3 -3 -2 +1 -16 Local housing 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -3 0 -2 -2 0 -1 -2 -1 0 0 -8 structure Service 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 -5 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -2 -2 0 -7 Health & -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -1 0 -11 -2 -2 -3 -2 -3 -2 -3 -2 +2 -17 safety Economic parameters: Agriculture 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -3 -2 -3 -3 0 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -16 Fisheries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 Industries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Employment +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +3 +2 0 0 0 0 +2 0 0 -1 +3 Total -5 -7 -6 -1 -11 -11 -9 -3 +2 -51 -14 -21 -20 -3 -19 -16 -22 -22 -3 -140
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Table 4.17 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation with Mitigation Measures
Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase
Source
wastewater
otal
T Total Noise
Noise
emissions emissions & handling & handling &
Plant construction Plant
End use of product of Enduse
construction of plant of construction
generation & disposal & generation disposal & generation
site project of Enduse
Hazards associated with with associated Hazards Plant operation & process & operation Plant
& with associated Hazards
Waste generation & disposal & generation Waste disposal & generation Waste
Stationary, process & fugitive fugitive & process Stationary, fugitive & process Stationary,
chemicals & operation of plant of operation & chemicals
Water requirement, requirement, Water wastewater requirement, Water Material transportation, storage storage transportation, Material
Parameters storage transportation, Material
Breakdown of control equipment control of Breakdown equipment control of Breakdown Physico-chemical parameters: Surface water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -10 quality Ground water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 0 -2 0 0 -2 -1 -2 0 0 -7 quality Air quality & 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 -2 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -1 -9 climate Soil quality 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 0 0 -2 -1 -1 -1 0 -8 Land use 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pattern Ecological parameters: Forest/ park/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sanctuary Flora & fauna 0 -1 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 -4 -1 -1 -2 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -8 Aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 ecosystem Social parameters: Aesthetics -1 0 -1 0 -2 -1 -1 0 0 -6 -1 -1 -1 0 -2 -2 -2 -1 +1 -9
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada
Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase
Source
wastewater
otal
T Total Noise
Noise
emissions emissions & handling & handling &
Plant construction Plant
End use of product of Enduse
construction of plant of construction
generation & disposal & generation disposal & generation
site project of Enduse
Hazards associated with with associated Hazards Plant operation & process & operation Plant
& with associated Hazards
Waste generation & disposal & generation Waste disposal & generation Waste
Stationary, process & fugitive fugitive & process Stationary, fugitive & process Stationary,
chemicals & operation of plant of operation & chemicals
Water requirement, requirement, Water wastewater requirement, Water Material transportation, storage storage transportation, Material
Parameters storage transportation, Material
Breakdown of control equipment control of Breakdown equipment control of Breakdown Local housing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -3 structure Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -2 Health & safety -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 +2 -9 Economic parameters: Agriculture 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -3 -2 -2 -2 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -9 Fisheries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 Industries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Employment +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +3 +2 0 0 0 0 +2 0 0 0 +4 Total -1 -2 -3 -1 -6 -5 -3 -1 +2 -20 -8 -12 -13 -1 -11 -7 -12 -12 +1 -75
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives
4.7 Observation and Conclusion
The study for the proposed establishment project of AFFPL has revealed that the upcoming activities of fragrance and flavors manufacturing will have negligible impacts which would mainly occur only upon Improper discharge of effluent/ Release of untreated gaseous pollutant to air/ Improper disposal of solid waste/ accidental spill/ leak of volatile/ gaseous chemicals/materials. Risk assessment study has been conducted for the proposed project and the suggestions made in the report shall be implemented strictly to prevent any chances of environmental contamination and employee health & safety. By the efficient implementation of Hazard/Risk control/Prevention measures the negative impacts would be avoided. Besides, the hazardous waste generated from the production process & utility operation will be managed as per MoEFCC/ CPCB/ MPCB Guidelines. Hence issues of air & land contamination are not envisaged. The water requirement will be met from onsite bore wells & through recycle of treated effluent hence no major impact on ground water availability is envisaged. The proponent has planted varieties of trees & shrubs in the premises. The Greenbelt will be maintained in excellent condition giving visual of dense vegetation. The proponent will manage the greenbelt with all possible care & attention to improve environmental condition. Thus, the beneficial impacts due to the dense greenbelt are envisaged. It is also found that the high noise generation sources are not part of proposed establishment project. Hence noise levels are not expected to go up. The noise level out of the premises is envisaged to be <65-70 dB(A) in day and 55-60 dB(A) in night as maximum. Thus, looking to the source, potential noise level generation & planned mitigation measures; impacts due to noise are not envisaged. Company will regularly conduct the CSR & CER activities for social welfare & upliftment. Necessary documents & records of all activities shall be maintained. All aspects of safety will be adequately managed and required safety material, equipment and facilities will be provided to all employees, contractor & visitors. Thus issue of impacts due to probable hazards/risk/disaster would be minimal. Thus looking at all the management procedures/actions, environmental management activities and other allied functions of management system, it is concluded that there will not be any major considerable impacts on environment.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Analysis of Alternative Sites
The existing plant comprises 97,750 sq m of land at village Jamghar -Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, District: Palghar, Maharashtra which is approved Industrial zone of Govt of Maharashtra. Following facts are considered during the site selection: • Located in approved Chemical zone of govt of Maharashtra. • Availability of adequate land and integration with existing formulation facility • Proximity to end users. • Land is owned by company, doesn’t involve R&R issues. • No water body i.e. river or Nallah in the project site or immediate vicinity. • National highway (NH-3) is near to site (29 km) • Bhiwandi Wada road is 200 m away from site • No human habitation in the project boundary/immediate vicinity. • Availability of skilled and non-skilled workers in the area. • Economy of the project.
5.3 Analysis of Alternative Technologies
The proposal is to enhance production capacity by adding new equipment’s and utilities in addition to existing plant. The synthesis processes are well established in organic synthesis chemistry such as esterification, trans esterification, Grignard reaction, dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, reduction, dimerization substitution, cyclo alkylation etc. and are utilized in Fragrance and Flavor industries.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
Based on the predicted & assessed impacts as well as the baseline environmental status of the project area, an environmental monitoring program is suggested for implementation during various stages of the project cycle.
6.1 Objective of Environmental Monitoring Program
For tracking of the effectiveness of mitigation measures & EMP at specific interval, regular monitoring of the necessary environmental parameters is required. With this vision, an environment monitoring program is prepared with due consideration of the baseline status of the establishment project area, various components of project & environmental attributes likely to be affected. Major objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Program are as under: • To comply with the statutory requirements of monitoring for compliance with conditions of EC, Consent to operate and provisions under Factory Act & Environmental Protection Act provisions • Assessment of the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during the project operation/activities. • Monitoring & tracking the effectiveness of Environment Management Plan & implementation of mitigation measures planned. • Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental condition to plan additional mitigation measures; if & as required. AFFPL shall implement the environment monitoring programs in line with the planned schedule. The company shall ensure that the necessary requisite facilities are made available and budgetary provision is made as & when required to ensure regular efficient environmental monitoring activities.
6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program
Environmental monitoring parameters and frequencies of monitoring are given below in Table 6.1. In case of accidental spill & leak of hazardous chemicals, monitoring of the environment for detection of the spilled/leaked chemical shall be done in the affected area. In such case, soil & groundwater sample of the affected area shall be collected and analyzed for detection of the spilled / leaked chemicals at regular interval for the period as required to ensure safe level of contamination.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program Table 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan including Existing and Proposed Facilities Sr. Project Phase Environmental Parameters Frequency Locations Conducted by No. Component 1 Construction Air Environment Ambient air PM10 / PM2.5 / SO2/ NOx / CO Once/ Adjacent to new MoEFCC approved Quarter construction site Laboratory Ambient Noise Leq day and night time or Once/ At new construction Level over one work shift Quarter site Water Quality Drinking Water Microbiological parameters Once/ Construction site - MoEFCC approved Quality as per IS 10500: 2012 Quarter each drinking water Laboratory locations. 2 Commissioning Air Environment Stage New Stacks - TPM/ SO2/ NOx Once/ Scrubber inlet and MoEFCC approved Boiler/Heater Quarter outlet Laboratory New Process SO2 Once/ Scrubber inlet and scrubber Stacks Quarter outlet Ambient air PM10 / PM2.5 / SO2/ NOx / CO Once/ Adjacent to new MoEFCC approved /NMHC Quarter construction site Laboratory Ambient Noise Leq day and night time or Once/ Adjacent to new MoEFCC approved Level over one work shift Quarter construction site lab Water Quality Drinking Water Microbiological (as per IS Once/ at each drinking MoEFCC approved Quality 10500 : 2012) Quarter water locations. lab In plant ETP pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD and Once/shift Each plant effluent In house lab and Oil and Grease generation point and periodically through stage wise at ET MoEFCC approved Plant lab Waste Generated ETP sludge/ As per Schedule II of HW Once ETP & Plant MWML or MoEFCC distillation Rules, 2008 and parameters approved lab for
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program Sr. Project Phase Environmental Parameters Frequency Locations Conducted by No. Component residue, Other for identifying disposal identifying disposal plant wastes etc pathway as per CPCB pathway 3 Operation Air Environment Phase New Stacks - TPM/ SO2/ NOx Once/ Scrubber system inlet MoEFCC approved Boiler/Heater Quarter and outlet Laboratory New Process SO2 Once/ scrubber Stacks Quarter Ambient Air PM10 / PM2.5/ SO2/ NOx/ CO/ once/ At 3 locations, MoEFCC approved NMHC Quarter Laboratory Workroom TPM Once/ 6 fuel Store / handling environment / months Area work zone Oxygen Content/LEL/VOC Once per Before vessel / Own laboratory monitoring shift confined space entry Water Environment ETP Operational parameters like Daily Equalization, after Own QC lab pH, TSS, COD, MLSS, DO, SVI primary clarifier, etc after secondary treatment, Outlet All parameters as per MPCB Once/ At inlet and outlet of MoEFCC recognized Consent. Quarter ETP laboratory Drinking water Microbiological parameters Once/ at each drinking MoEFCC recognized as per IS 10500 : 2012 Quarter water locations. laboratory Noise Environment Ambient Noise Leq (day & night) Once/ at fence level and at MoEFCC approved Quarter nearest habitats. Laboratory Workroom Leq (8 hours) Once/ near noise producing noise Quarter sources like DG set, Boiler house etc. Biological Environment
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program Sr. Project Phase Environmental Parameters Frequency Locations Conducted by No. Component Ecological Study growth of trees at site Once every At site QCI NABET survey as per plan and identify new 3 years approved Biological species for plantation expert Land Contamination Soil /Ground For specific contaminants of Regularly At/near site of MoEFCC approved water Quality spilled chemicals until no spillage laboratory traces noticed 4 Decommissioni Ambient air PM10 / PM2.5/ SO2/ Once/ Adjacent to project MoEFCC approved ng Stage NOx/CO/NMHC Quarter site Laboratory Ambient Noise Leq day and night time or Once/ Adjacent to project MoEFCC approved Level over one work shift Quarter site lab Soil / Ground For specific contaminants of Regularly At/near site of MoEFCC approved water Quality spilled chemicals until no spillage laboratory traces noticed ETP pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, Oil Daily until At various stages of in and Grease effluent plant effluent stops treatment system as completely in 2 above
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program
6.2.1 Measurement Methodologies
Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the methods/guidelines provided by MoEF/ CPCB and /or relevant Indian Standards or methods as specified by Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Treatment by American Public Health Association (APHA). Methodology of monitoring (sampling & analysis) shall be documented as SOP (standard Operating Procedure) for parameters analyzed through in house laboratory and shall be subjected to Internal audit and review. For monitoring of workplace area, methods suggested / published by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), USA or as specified in Standard Methods for Air Analysis published by APHA shall be adopted.
6.2.2 Reporting Schedules
The records of the monitoring program viz water, wastewater, solid waste, air, emission, soil shall be prepared and preserved properly. The records showing results/outcome of the monitoring programs will be submitted as per the schedule below. Monitoring reports will be reviewed regularly by Factory Management along with Environmental Consultant for necessary improvement of the monitoring plan/mitigation measures/environmental technologies as well as for necessary actions of environmental management cell. Table 6.2 Reporting Schedule Sr. Monitoring Reporting Applicable Compliance No. During Schedule Statute Reporting To
1 Construction 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) MPCB – Regional Phase December of Clause 10 Office each year till b) MOEF- Western end of Zone office and construction Monitoring Cell 2 Commissioning 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) MPCB – Regional Phase December of Clause 10 Office each year till b) MOEF- Western end of Zone office and construction Monitoring Cell 3 Operation Phase 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) MOEF- Western December of Clause 10 Zone office & each year Monitoring Cell b) MPCB- Regional Office Before 10th of Combined MPCB – Regional Office next Month in Consent & respect of Authorization stack/ vents, (CC & A) AAQ, ETP inlet/outlet, Noise levels
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program 4 Decommissioning 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) MPCB – Regional Phase December of Clause 10 Office each year b) MOEF- Western Zone office and Monitoring Cell Company will also file returns under HW Rules (yearly), Cess Act (monthly) and annual Environmental statements &/or performance report/compliance report/audit report as per conditions of EC and CC&A and submit to MPCB within the stipulated timeframe. CC&A and other statutory permission/consents must be obtained & renewed timely as per legal provision & guidelines. Similarly, all necessary report & forms will be prepared and submitted to the concern authority as per the statutory requirement of Environmental Acts/rules, Factory Act & MSIHC rules. Reporting of accident & other requirements will be made in prescribed format well within stipulated time frame as per statutory requirements & guidelines.
6.3 Budgetary Provisions for EMP
On regular basis, environment management cell shall inspect the necessity & availability of the materials, technologies, services & maintenance works. The cell shall make appropriate budget for the purpose. Regular record review for change in financial requirement of environment management shall be done and appropriate budgetary provisions shall be made. Budget for environmental management shall be prepared and revised regularly. The budget shall include provisions for: • Environmental Monitoring Program • Operation & Maintenance of environmental Technologies/Equipment • Laboratory works for Environmental management activities • Emergency Purchase of necessary material, equipment, tools, services • Greenbelt development • Social & Environmental Welfare & Awareness programs/training • Annual Environmental Audit. The company has made budgetary provision for the proposed establishment project along with existing plant facilities as a part of their initial planning. The same is presented below. Table 6.3 Budgetary Provisions for EMP Environmental Controlling Measure Capital O&M Investment Cost/Annum (Rs. In Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs) Water pollution control 45 5 Environment monitoring and management 10 2.5 Occupational health and safety 0 5 Green belt / plantation development 10 3 Hazardous waste and solid waste management 2.5 8 Other Green initiatives -
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 6 –Environmental Monitoring Program Environmental Controlling Measure Capital O&M Investment Cost/Annum (Rs. In Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs) - Rain water harvesting 16 3 - Solar power / LED 15 3.5 Total 98.5 30
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) ADDITIONAL STUDIES (PUBLIC HEARING & RISK ASSESSMENT)
7.1 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions) associated with Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Facility of AFFPL to be located at Village Jamghar - Lakhmapur, Tal. Wada, District: Palghar, Maharashtra. The risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant equipment and personnel who are exposed to risks due to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the plant. Hazards identified during different stages of the project cycle are given in Table below identifying cases where quantification of hazards might be necessary. This requires an assessment of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies.
7.1.1 Hazard Identification Identification of hazards is an important step in Risk Assessment as it leads to the generation of accidental scenarios. The merits of including the hazard for further investigation are subsequently determined by its significance, normally using a cut-off or threshold quantity.
• Fire • Explosion • Accidental Spillage or Leak of Hazardous(Flammable, Toxic) Chemicals & Gases • Contact with Flammable Toxic Chemicals and Gases • Loading/ Unloading /Packaging Operations failures • Electrocution/ Electrical Hazards Table 7.1 Possible hazardous locations at site No Hazardous area Likely accident 1 Chemical storage Toxic / Flammable 2 Acid / solvent storage Toxic/reactive/flammable 3 Fuel storage Fire / explosion / spillage 4 Boiler / TFH area Explosion 5 Electrical substation/rooms Fire and electrocution 6 Transformer area Fire and electrocution 7 Cable gantry / tunnel Fire and electrocution 8 Storage yard / warehouse Sliding/ material fall 9 Chimney / stacks Air pollution 10 Reactor Fire/explosion/ spillage
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) A detailed study of the manufacturing processes involved in the production of the proposed Fragrances and Flavors is carried out. The bulk storages proposed as part of proposed facilities are as below: Table 7.2 Proposed Onsite (OSBL) Storages Chemical Storage Tank Specification Dyke Details Item KL MOC Dia (Mts) Ht (Mts) (lxbxh) meters Glacial acetic acid 10 SS 2 4 4 x 4 x 1.2 Dicyclopentadiene 20 MS 2.5 5 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 Pentanol mixture 20 SS304 2.5 5 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 Propionaldehyde 20 SS304 2.5 5 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 Furnace Oil 10 MS 2 4 4 x 4 x 1.2
7.2 Safety and Risk assessment studies
Safety and risk assessment studies have been conducted for principal storage tanks and chemicals proposed to be handled onsite (OSBL tanks). The precautions to be taken and recommendation are mentioned below for safety and safe handling at site. Company has committed to comply with recommendation (Annexure 7.2).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Table 7.3 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment at Different Project Stages Sr. Step/Activity Hazard Typical Areas Possible causes Safety Measures Risks No. identification /activities Required 1.0 Construction of Physical Hazards buildings and - Fall from height - Working at ht > 2m - Untrained Fall protection Accidental injury Erection of Plant - Formwork workers - guardrail (personal) - Ramps - Wearing loose - safety net/PPEs - Unprotected sides clothes - harness and edges - No safety gear - warning lines - Roofing - appropriate clothes - Overhead brick - supervision to laying identify hazards - Motor vehicle Ramps, excavation - Untrained Vehicles with Accidental injury crash sites, roads reckless drivers - service, emergency (personal) and parking brake - hooter system - windows, wipers, lights, rear window mirrors, reflectors - Excavation foundation - Unidentified Notify prior to Accidental injury accidents cables & utilities starting excavation (personal) Check oxygen levels Design safe access - Electrocution Entire site - Temporary Supervision to Accidental injury connections identify hazards (personal) - Cables running across site - Struck by falling Entire site walking below Supervision Accidental injury objects loading or Warning ribbons and (personal) working signs equipment
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. Step/Activity Hazard Typical Areas Possible causes Safety Measures Risks No. identification /activities Required - Dust Generation Entire site excavation Dust mask Injury personal Noise exposure Entire plant Construction & Ear Muffs/plugs Personal injury erection activities oiling and greasing (noise induced Vibration dampening hearing loss) 2.0 Commissioning Electrocution Use of Energy Temporary Tagging & Lock out Electrocution connections Warning signs (personal injury) Chemical exposure Use & storage of Improper Safety Gear/PPEs Personal injury chemicals handling Training (Chemical burn, organ damage) Instrumental Complying HAZOP On/offsite failure recommendations Accident injuries Noise exposure Entire plant Commissioning Ear Muffs/plugs Personal injury activities Oiling and greasing (noise induced Vibration dampening hearing loss) 3.0 Operation Electrocution Use of Energy Temporary Tagging & Lock out Electrocution connections Warning signs (personal injury) Chemical exposure Use & storage of Improper Safety Gear/PPE’s Personal injury chemicals & handling Training (Chemical burn, hazardous wastes organ damage) Instrumental Regular HAZOP & On/offsite failure audits & complying Accident injuries recommendations Noise generation Entire plant Improper Ear Muffs/plugs Personal injury maintenance Preventive (noise induced maintenance, oiling hearing loss) and greasing 4.0 Closure and Chemical exposure Use & storage of Improper Safety Gear/PPE’s Personal injury Decommissioning chemicals & handling Training (Chemical burn, hazardous wastes organ damage)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.2.1 Safe practice to be followed for handling, storage, transportation and chemicals unloading Some good onsite practices are, - USE of PPE - Permit to work procedure at height / for excavation/for maintenance - Lock out and tag out - Incident investigation - Job safety analysis - Confined space entry permit - Hot work / cold work permit - Safe unloading and loading procedures - Mandatory use of TREM card - Safety management - Display of HAZCHEM code on transport vehicles during transportation - PUC certified vehicles for hazardous chemical transportation - Manifest system as per HW rules 7.2.2 List of chemicals stores at site and its hazard
List of Storage of chemicals (inflammable/explosive/hazardous/toxic substances) onsite is given in below Table Table 7.4 Major chemicals list stored at site No Chemical Quantit Storage at Physical Stored In Type of y in a time Form possible Ton/M during the hazard month 1 Acetic Acid Glacial 182.00 10.00 Liquid Tank Toxic/corrosive 2 Dicyclopentadiene 240.00 20.00 Liquid Tank Toxic/Fire 3 Pentanol mixture 77.14 20.00 Liquid Tank Toxic/Fire 4 Propionaldehyde 142.00 10.00 Liquid Tank Toxic/Fire 5 Acetic Anhydride 53.00 4.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/corrosive 6 Acid Catalyst 17.00 2.00 Liquid Carboy/ corrosive Drums 7 Aldehyde 85.00 6.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 8 Caryophellene 4.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 9 Phase transfer 1.10 0.10 Liquid Drum corrosive Catalyst 10 Caustic lye 1.04 1.00 Liquid Carboy Toxic/corrosive 11 Citronellol 17.03 2.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 12 Benzylledene 105.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire Acetone 13 D’limonene/Orang 98.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire e Terpenes 14 Di Ethanol Amine 1.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 15 Ethyl Chloro 22.05 5.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire Acetate 16 Benzyl chloride 27.60 2.50 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 17 Halide (Pentyl 106.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/corrosive Bromide/ chloride)
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) No Chemical Quantit Storage at Physical Stored In Type of y in a time Form possible Ton/M during the hazard month 18 HCL 45% 1.00 1.00 Liquid Carboys Corrosive/toxic 19 Iodine 0.05 0.05 Solid Can Toxic 20 Iso Amyl Alcohol 10.00 2.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 21 Isobutyric Acid 60.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 22 Methanol 15.00 3.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 23 Methyl Heptanone 69.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 24 Methyl Magnesium 31.61 2.50 Liquid Drums Toxic Bromide / Chloride 25 Hexyl Alcohol 52.00 2.80 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 26 Mg Turnings 12.74 2.00 Solid Bags - 27 Propionic Acid 46.00 5.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 28 Salicylic Acid 160.00 16.00 Solid Bags Toxic 29 Soda Ash 12.24 2.00 Solid Bags Toxic 30 Sodium Acetate 21.30 2.20 Solid Bags Toxic 31 Sodium Methoxide 15.00 2.00 Solid Can Toxic/Fire 32 Sulphuric Acid 10.00 1.20 Liquid Carboys Corrosive/toxic 33 Terpineol 68.18 5.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 34 Tetra hydro Furon 200.00 6.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 35 Toluene 28.03 3.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 36 Sodium salicylate 35.70 3.50 Solid Containers Toxic 37 Zn Chloride 0.52 0.05 Solid Can - 38 Propylene 5.00 1.00 Gas Capsules Fire/explosive 39 Acetylene 5.00 1.00 Gas Capsules Fire/explosive 40 Hydrogen 6.00 1.00 Gas Capsules Fire/explosive 41 Benzaldehyde 100.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 42 N Pentanol 96.00 10.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 43 Phthalic Acid 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 44 Vinyl Ethyl Ether 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 45 Sodium Hydride 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic 46 Aluminum 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums -- Trichloride 47 Di Chloro Methane 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 48 N Butyl Aldehyde 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 49 Tertiary Butyl 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire Methyl Ether 50 N ,O Dimethyl 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire hydroxylamine Hydrochloride 51 Geraniol 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 52 Linalool 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 53 Meta Chloro Pre 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire Benzoic Acid
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) No Chemical Quantit Storage at Physical Stored In Type of y in a time Form possible Ton/M during the hazard month 54 1 Phenyl Ethanol 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire (Styrallyl Alcohol) 55 Furan 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 56 Allyl Alcohol 5.00 1.00 Liquid Drums Toxic/Fire 57 Aroma & Flavor 80.00 50.00 Liquid & Drums/ -- Ingredients Solids Cans / Container Table 7.5 Summary of PPE according to Hazard Objective Workplace hazard PPE Eye and face Flying particles, molten Safety glasses with side-shields, protection metal, liquid chemicals, gases protective shades, etc. or vapours, light radiation Head protection Falling objects, inadequate Plastic helmets with top and side height clearance, and over impact protection head power cords Hearing Noise, ultra-sound Hearing protectors (ear plugs or ear protection muffs) Foot protection Failing or rolling objects. Safety shoes and boots for protection Corrosive or hot liquids against moving and failing objects, liquids and chemicals Hand Hazardous materials, cuts or Gloves made of rubber or synthetic Protection lacerations, vibrations, material (Neoprene), leather, steel, extreme temperatures insulation materials, etc. Respiratory Dust, fogs, fumes, mists, Facemasks with appropriate filters for Protection gases, smokes, vapors dust removal and air purification (chemical, mists, vapours and gases). Single or multi- gas personal monitors, if available Respiratory Oxygen deficiency Portable or supplied air (fixed lines). Protection Onsite rescue equipment Body / leg Extreme temperatures, Insulating clothing, body suits, aprons Protection hazardous materials, etc. of appropriate materials biological agents, cutting and laceration
7.2.3 Measures for Occupational Health hazards
• To detect the possible onset of an occupational disease regular monitoring of health status will be done. • To check the effectiveness of preventive and control measures will be done on regular basis. • Adequate supplies of potable drinking water will be provided from a fountain with an upward jet or with a sanitary means of collecting the water for the purposes of drinking.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) • Pre-Employment Medical Examination will be carried out for all new employees and Contract labors. • Periodic medical hearing checks will be performed on workers exposed to high noise levels • OHS orientation training will be provided to all new employees to ensure they are appraised of the basic site rules of work at / on the site and of Personnel protection and preventing injury to fellow employees Annual Health checkup reports for are attached as Annexure 7.8.
7.3 Dow Fire and Explosion Index
Fire and Explosion Index (FEI) is useful in identification of areas in which the potential risk reaches a certain level. It estimates the global risk associated with a process unit and classifies the units according to their general level of risk. FEI covers aspects related to the intrinsic hazard of materials, the quantities handled and operating conditions. This factor gives index value for the area which could be affected by an accident, the damage to property within the area and the working days lost due to accidents. Fire and explosion index is then calculated as the product of Material Factor (MF) and Unit Hazard Factor. Dow Fire & Explosion Index for the Storage Tanks method is used as a rapid ranking system to classify separate elements of the plants. The method is based on the Fire & Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide developed by M/s. Dow Chemical Company (Dow Index) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) indices for health hazard. The Fire and Explosion Index (F & EI) indicates the fire and/or explosion hazard of the particular unit. Though the concept was developed basically for determining the "Risk Insurance", it also provides guidance on the degree of preventive methods to be provided. It also identifies the areas of priority for taking up the proactive control measures. The calculations of F & EI and Recommendations are done for the Acetic acid, FO, Dicyclopentadiene, Pentanol, Propionaldehyde tanks. The degree of hazards is tabulated below based on F & E I, Mond index. The Mond index covers a wider range of process and storage installations, the processing of chemicals with explosive properties and the evaluation of a toxicity hazards index. It also allow for the off-setting effects of good design, and of control and safety instrumentation. The Dow and Mond indexes are useful techniques, which can be used in the early stages of a project design to evaluate the hazards and risks of the proposed process. Calculation of the indexes for the various sections of the process will highlight any particularly hazardous sections and indicate where a detailed study is needed to reduce the hazards. Mond Index/Calculation and Classification in Hazard Category for Storage Tanks are at Annexure 7.3. The Fire Load calculation & Fire prevention is attached as Annexure 7.6 & 7.7. Table 7.6 Hazard Category for Storage Tanks as per FETI study Chemical Name F & E Index Degree of MOND Index Hazard Category Hazard Acetic acid 151 Heavy 25.2 III Dicyclopentadiene 171 Heavy 13.5 III Pentanol Mixture 244 Severe 10 III
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Propionaldehyde 186 Severe 26 III Furnace oil 85 Moderate 5.2 II Based on the study on the index, recommendations planned / suggested measures for risk mitigation are given in Table below. Company has committed to provide the Minimum Protective & Protective Features as per F& EI Index (Letter in Annexure 7.2). Table 7.7 Planned & Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion index Planned / Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion Index Sr No Preventive & Protective Acetic acic Index= 151 Dicyclopentadiene Tank Pentanol Index=244 Features Index=171 Recommendation* Remarks Recommendation* Remark Recommendation* Remarks Range pf F & EI >90 >90 >90 1 Fireproofing 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 2 Water Spray 2a Directional 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 2b Area 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 2c Curtain 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 3 Special Instrumentation 3a temperature 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 3b pressure 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 3c flow control 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 4 Dust, blow down, spill control 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 5 Internal examination 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 6 Combustible gas Monitors 6a Signal alarm 4 Required 4 Optional 4 Required 6b actuate equipment 4 Required 4 Optional 4 Required 7 Remote operation 4 4 Optional 4 Required 8 Diking 4 Required 4 Required 4 Required 9 Blast & barrier walls 4 Required 4 Optional 4 Required separation * NOTE: 1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
Planned / Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion Index Sr No Preventive & Protective Propionaldehyde Index=186 Furnace oil Index= 85 Features Recommendation* Remarks Recommendation* Remark Range pf F & EI >90 75 - 90 1 Fireproofing 4 Required 4 Required 2 Water Spray 2a Directional 4 Required 4 Required 2b Area 4 Required 4 Required 2c Curtain 4 Required 2 Suggested 3 Special Instrumentation 3a temperature 4 Required 4 Required 3b pressure 4 Required 3 Recommended 3c flow control 4 Required 4 Required 4 Dust, blow down, spill control 4 Required 3 Recommended 5 Internal examination 4 Required 4 Required 6 Combustible gas Monitors 6a Signal alarm 4 Required 3 Recommended 6b actuate equipment 4 Required 3 Recommended 7 Remote operation 4 3 Recommended 8 Diking 4 Required 4 Required 9 Blast & barrier walls 4 Required 4 Optional separation * NOTE: 1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
7.4 Quantitative risk assessment based on ALOHA
ALOHA (Arial Locations of Hazards Atmosphere) is an atmospheric dispersion model used for evaluating releases of hazardous chemical vapors. ALOHA is a part of software called CAMEO (Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operation). CAMEO is one of the tools developed by EPA’s Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA), to assist front-line chemical emergency planners and responders.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) CAMEO consists of three parts viz. CAMEO (which is basically a data base), ALOHA and MARPLOT (Mapping Applications for Response, Planning, and Local Operational Tasks). ALOHA allows the user to estimate the downwind dispersion of a chemical cloud based on the toxicological/physical characteristics of the released chemical, atmospheric conditions, and specific circumstances of the release. Graphical outputs include a "cloud footprint" that can be plotted on maps with MARPLOT to display the location of other facilities storing hazardous materials and vulnerable locations, such as hospitals and schools. Specific information about these locations can be extracted from CAMEO information modules to help make decisions about the degree of hazard posed. Systematic study based on ALOHA has been carried out for Pentanol, FO, Propionaldehyde, acetic acid, dicyclopentadiene etc. The details of consequence analysis studies carried out are presented at Annexure 7.4 for various accident and consequence scenarios like: Table 7.8 Consequence Analysis studies carried out Failure Scenarios Accident Scenario Effects Catastrophic failure of vapour cloud formation Toxic area of vapour cloud tank and dispersion Flammable area of vapour cloud Vapour cloud catching fire Radiation Effects from pool fire Explosion of vapour cloud Overpressure effects of VCE Leakage from pump vapour cloud formation Toxic area of vapour cloud discharge valve and dispersion Flammable area of vapour cloud Vapour cloud catching fire Radiation Effects from pool fire Explosion of vapour cloud Overpressure effects of VCE Failure frequency data as given in Loss Prevention in Process Industries by Frank P Lees is presented below for information. Table 7.9 Failure Frequency Data SR. ITEM FAILURE FREQUENCY NO. (No. per 106 years) 1 Shell 2 Process / Pressure Vessel 1.0 3 Atmospheric Pressure Storage 0.1 4 Full Bore Vessel Connection 25 30.0 40 10.0 50 7.5 100 4.0 150 3.0 5 Full Bore Process Pipeline (Diameter in mm) Less Than 50 0.30* >50, <150 0.09* More than 150 0.03*
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) SR. ITEM FAILURE FREQUENCY NO. (No. per 106 years) (*Failure frequency expressed in No. per met length per 106 years) The Maximum Credible Accident scenario likely identified is leakage of pump discharge line due formation of pin hole (20% flow). The damage distances worked out for this scenario indicates that for most of the effects the damage will be confined to the plant boundary. The above table indicates that probability of occurrence of this scenario is very low (<0.5 X 106 years), which is within the acceptable limits. However, various preventive and protective measures are required to ensure that the above accident scenarios do not occur. These are presented in section Annexure 7.4. Table 7.10 Proposed Onsite Storages selected for ALOHA Chemical Storage Tank Specification Dyke Details Item KL MOC Dia (Mts) Ht (Mts) (lxbxh) meters Glacial acetic acid 10 MS 2 4 4 x 4 x 1.2 Dicyclopentadiene 20 MS 2.5 5 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 Pentanol mixture 20 SS304 2.5 5 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 Propionaldehyde 20 SS304 2.5 5 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.2 Furnace Oil 10 MS 2 4 4 x 4 x 1.2 ALOHA results for above tanks are tabulated below
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 1 Acetic acid The contents of the tank leaking in Acetic 1/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 250 ppm 10 the dyke enclosure and forming a acid pool ERPG -2 35 ppm 52 ERPG -1 5 ppm 154 Acetic 1/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 <10 acid ppm 10 % LEL 4000 ppm <10 Acetic 1/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - acid cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Acetic 1/4 Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 <10 acid 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 <10 severe pain 2 kw/m2 <10 Acetic 1/5 Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 125 acid 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 210 severe pain 2 kw/m2 325 1 Acetic acid Failure of the unloading pump(full Acetic 2/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 250 ppm 302 bore leakage) acid ERPG -2 35 ppm 825 ERPG -1 5 ppm 2300 Acetic 2/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 18 acid ppm 10 % LEL 4000 ppm 56 Acetic 2/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - acid cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 11 Glass shatter 1 psi 24 1 Acetic acid Failure of the unloading pump line Acetic 3/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 250 ppm 280 (20 % flow) acid ERPG -2 35 ppm 400 ERPG -1 5 ppm 1000 Acetic 3/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 11 acid ppm 10 % LEL 4000 ppm 26 Acetic 3/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - acid cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 10 Glass shatter 1 psi 19 1 Acetic acid Failure of the transfer from tank to Acetic 4/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 250 ppm 302 plant (full bore) acid ERPG -2 35 ppm 825 ERPG -1 5 ppm 2300 Acetic 4/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 18 acid ppm 10 % LEL 4000 ppm 56 Acetic 4/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - acid cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 11 Glass shatter 1 psi 24 1 Acetic acid Failure of the transfer from tank to Acetic 5/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 250 ppm 280 plant (20 % flow) acid ERPG -2 35 ppm 400 ERPG -1 5 ppm 1000 Acetic 5/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 11 acid ppm 10 % LEL 4000 ppm 26 Acetic 5/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - acid cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 10 Glass shatter 1 psi 19
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 2 Dicyclopen The contents of the tank leaking in Dicyclop 1/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 75 ppm 17 tadiene the dyke enclosure and forming a entadien pool e ERPG -2 5 ppm 114 ERPG -1 0.01 ppm 4000 Dicyclop 1/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 ppm <10 entadien e 10 % LEL 800 ppm <10 Dicyclop 1/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - entadien cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Dicyclop 1/4 Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 <10 entadien e 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 <10 severe pain 2 kw/m2 <10 Dicyclop 1/5 Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 325 entadien e 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 460 severe pain 2 kw/m2 717 2 Dicyclopen Failure of the unloading pump(full Dicyclop 2/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 75 ppm 452 tadiene bore leakage) entadien e ERPG -2 5 ppm 2400 ERPG -1 0.01 ppm 10000 Dicyclop 2/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 ppm 41 entadien e 10 % LEL 800 ppm 106 Dicyclop 2/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - entadien cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 29 Glass shatter 1 psi 54 2 Dicyclopen Failure of the unloading pump line Dicyclop 3/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 75 ppm 206 tadiene (20 % flow) entadien e ERPG -2 5 ppm 1200 ERPG -1 0.01 ppm 10000 Dicyclop 3/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 ppm 19 entadien e 10 % LEL 800 ppm 48 Dicyclop 3/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - entadien cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 14 Glass shatter 1 psi 32 2 Dicyclopen Failure of the transfer from tank to Dicyclop 4/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 75 ppm 452 tadiene plant (full bore) entadien e ERPG -2 5 ppm 2400 ERPG -1 0.01 ppm 10000 Dicyclop 4/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 ppm 41 entadien e 10 % LEL 800 ppm 106 Dicyclop 4/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - entadien cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 29 Glass shatter 1 psi 54 2 Dicyclopen Failure of the transfer from tank to Dicyclop 5/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect ERPG -3 75 ppm 206 tadiene plant (20 % flow) entadien e ERPG -2 5 ppm 1200 ERPG -1 0.01 ppm 10000 Dicyclop 5/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 ppm 19 entadien e 10 % LEL 800 ppm 48 Dicyclop 5/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - entadien cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 14 Glass shatter 1 psi 32
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 3 Pentanol The contents of the tank leaking in Pentanol 1/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 43 ppm 10 mixture the dyke enclosure and forming a mixture pool PAC-2 20 ppm 20 PAC-1 20 ppm 20 Pentanol 1/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 8400 ppm <10 mixture 10 % LEL 1400 ppm <10 Pentanol 1/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - mixture cloud explosion (no part above LEL)
Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Pentanol 1/4 Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 <10 mixture
2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 <10 severe pain 2 kw/m2 <10 Pentanol 1/5 Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 284 mixture
2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 403 severe pain 2 kw/m2 631 3 Pentanol Failure of the unloading pump(full Pentanol 2/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 43 ppm 523 mixture bore leakage) mixture
PAC-2 20 ppm 790 PAC-1 20 ppm 790 Pentanol 2/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 8400 ppm 23 mixture
10 % LEL 1400 ppm 73 Pentanol 2/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - mixture cloud explosion (no part above LEL)
Serious injury 3.5 psi 16 Glass shatter 1 psi 33 3 Pentanol Failure of the unloading pump line Pentanol 3/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 43 ppm 233 mixture (20 % flow) mixture
PAC-2 20 ppm 348 PAC-1 20 ppm 348 Pentanol 3/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 8400 ppm 11 mixture
10 % LEL 1400 ppm 34 Pentanol 3/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - mixture cloud explosion (no part above LEL)
Serious injury 3.5 psi 13 Glass shatter 1 psi 27 3 Pentanol Failure of the transfer from tank to Pentanol 4/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 43 ppm 523 mixture plant (full bore) mixture
PAC-2 20 ppm 790 PAC-1 20 ppm 790 Pentanol 4/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 8400 ppm 23 mixture
10 % LEL 1400 ppm 73 Pentanol 4/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - mixture cloud explosion (no part above LEL)
Serious injury 3.5 psi 16 Glass shatter 1 psi 33 3 Pentanol Failure of the transfer from tank to Pentanol 5/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 43 ppm 233 mixture plant (20 % flow) mixture
PAC-2 20 ppm 348 PAC-1 20 ppm 348 Pentanol 5/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 8400 ppm 11 mixture
10 % LEL 1400 ppm 34 Pentanol 5/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - mixture cloud explosion (no part above LEL)
Serious injury 3.5 psi 13 Glass shatter 1 psi 27
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 4 Propionald The contents of the tank leaking in Propion 1/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect AEGL-3 840 ppm 42 ehyde the dyke enclosure and forming a aldehyd pool e AEGL-2 260 ppm 81 AEGL-1 45 ppm 204 Propion 1/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 15600 <10 aldehyd ppm e 10 % LEL 2600 ppm 18 Propion 1/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - aldehyd cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Propion 1/4 Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 <10 aldehyd e 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 <10 severe pain 2 kw/m2 <10 Propion 1/5 Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 259 aldehyd e 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 369 severe pain 2 kw/m2 579 4 Propionald Failure of the unloading pump(full Propion 2/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect AEGL-3 840 ppm 158 ehyde bore leakage) aldehyd e AEGL-2 260 ppm 333 AEGL-1 45 ppm 1000 Propion 2/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 15600 28 aldehyd ppm e 10 % LEL 2600 ppm 79 Propion 2/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - aldehyd cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 19 Glass shatter 1 psi 38 4 Propionald Failure of the unloading pump line Propion 3/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect AEGL-3 840 ppm 71 ehyde (20 % flow) aldehyd e AEGL-2 260 ppm 153 AEGL-1 45 ppm 489 Propion 3/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 15600 11 aldehyd ppm e 10 % LEL 2600 ppm 36 Propion 3/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - aldehyd cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 12 Glass shatter 1 psi 27 4 Propionald Failure of the transfer from tank to Propion 4/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect AEGL-3 840 ppm 158 ehyde plant (full bore) aldehyd e AEGL-2 260 ppm 333 AEGL-1 45 ppm 1000 Propion 4/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 15600 28 aldehyd ppm e 10 % LEL 2600 ppm 79 Propion 4/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - aldehyd cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 19 Glass shatter 1 psi 38 4 Propionald Failure of the transfer from tank to Propion 5/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect AEGL-3 840 ppm 71 ehyde plant (20 % flow) aldehyd e AEGL-2 260 ppm 153 AEGL-1 45 ppm 489 Propion 5/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 15600 11 aldehyd ppm e 10 % LEL 2600 ppm 36 Propion 5/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - aldehyd cloud explosion (no part above LEL) e Serious injury 3.5 psi 12 Glass shatter 1 psi 27
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distance No , meters
5 Furnace The contents of the tank leaking in Furnace 1/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 440 ppm <10 Oil the dyke enclosure and forming a Oil pool PAC-2 20 ppm <10 PAC-1 1.9 ppm 45 Furnace 1/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4500 ppm <10 Oil 10 % LEL 750 ppm <10 Furnace 1/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - Oil cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Furnace 1/4 Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 <10 Oil 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 <10 severe pain 2 kw/m2 <10 Furnace 1/5 Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially lethal 10 kw/m2 253 Oil 2 nd degree burn 5 kw/m2 358 severe pain 2 kw/m2 558 5 Furnace Failure of the unloading pump(full Furnace 2/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 440 ppm 232 Oil bore leakage) Oil PAC-2 20 ppm 650 PAC-1 1.9 ppm 2000 Furnace 2/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4500 ppm 23 Oil 10 % LEL 750 ppm 73 Furnace 2/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - Oil cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 16 Glass shatter 1 psi 35 5 Furnace Failure of the unloading pump line Furnace 3/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 440 ppm 48 Oil (20 % flow) Oil PAC-2 20 ppm 253 PAC-1 1.9 ppm 881 Furnace 3/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4500 ppm 11 Oil 10 % LEL 750 ppm 34 Furnace 3/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - Oil cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 14 Glass shatter 1 psi 29 5 Furnace Failure of the transfer from tank to Furnace 4/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 440 ppm 232 Oil plant (full bore) Oil PAC-2 20 ppm 650 PAC-1 1.9 ppm 2000 Furnace 4/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4500 ppm 23 Oil 10 % LEL 750 ppm 73 Furnace 4/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - Oil cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 16 Glass shatter 1 psi 35 5 Furnace Failure of the transfer from tank to Furnace 5/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity effect PAC-3 440 ppm 48 Oil plant (20 % flow) Oil PAC-2 20 ppm 253 PAC-1 1.9 ppm 881 Furnace 5/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4500 ppm 11 Oil 10 % LEL 750 ppm 34 Furnace 5/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. destruction 8.5 psi - Oil cloud explosion (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 14 Glass shatter 1 psi 29
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.5 Recommendations based on Risk Analysis The recommendations/suggested control measures for the tanks are summarized below
7.5.1 Control Measures Suggested for Tanks
• Storage tank shall be appropriately dyked for the spill containment as per NFPA guidelines • Periodic inspection and maintenance program on the tank, pumps and piping shall be ensured. • Least number of flanged joints will be provided in the pipelines. • Pipelines will be supported adequately so as to avoid sagging. • Visual inspection of the pipelines will be done periodically to ascertain external pitting and corrosion. • Protective equipment such as gloves, lab coat, vapor respirator, splash goggles shall be ensured while handling the chemicals. • Prominent signage of hazards (such as “Danger”, No smoking”) of the substances shall be provided on the tank and surroundings in addition to the cautionary notice as required under provisions of Schedule XII of MFR 114. • Comprehensive SOP to be formulated for the unloading and transfer operation indicating sequence of valve operation. • Periodic inspection of unloading hoses to be included in Preventive maintenance program. • Ensure that the tankers are regularly checked by the transporter. • Preventive Maintenance program to ensure tanks inspection, thickness check • Periodic maintenance / inspection of breather valve. • Ensure that the valve on minimum RO line is “locked open” • Gas leak Detector to be provided near the pump • Training to be provided to both, Field Operator & Panel Operator • Engineering Controls to be incorporated at this stage to ensure that the residual liquid is put into the respective tank only & not into other tank, which can create hazardous consequences. • Provision for Earthing of Tanker must be provided near the Tanker unloading point • SOP to be formulated to ensure 1. Oxygen content should be minimum – purging with Nitrogen 2. Moisture content to be within acceptable • Electrical wiring shall be made of acid-resistant insulation and encased in rigid metal or PVC conduits.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) • The flanges on the acid pipelines shall be so covered (Flange guard) that any leakage may not cause spray of acid. For the flanges which are above working and walking surfaces, cachepots with adequate drain pipes shall be provided to avoid dripping of acid on the body. • Floors of the storage area shall be of acid-resistant material and shall be adequately slope for easy draining of any spilled acid. • The firefighting system for equipment and vessels in Plant shall be designed conforming to OISD norms. Fire hydrant network should be considered taking into consideration of additional cooling water requirement.
• Health check-up and maintenance of the equipment and pipelines should be done at regular intervals to avoid any major failure.
• Instrumentation of the unit should be of latest type.
• Instruments and trip interlocks should be checked and calibrated at regular intervals to prevent any wrong signaling and consequent failures.
• Storage Tanks should be provided with water sprinklers as per guidelines.
• Firefighting system as well as portable fire-fighting appliances should be always kept in good working condition. Safety appliances should also be checked and kept in good working condition.
• Mock Drills should be conducted at regular intervals.
• To reduce the failure frequency due care should be taken in design, construction, inspection and operation. Well-established codes of practices should be followed for design, inspection and construction of the facility.
• The operation of the unit should be done by experienced and trained operating personnel. They should also have training in firefighting operation.
• Smoking should be strictly prohibited inside the installation.
• Non -sparking tools should be used for maintenance to avoid any spark.
• The equipment’s including storage tanks and pipelines should be properly earthed to avoid accumulation of static electricity. • Maintenance of moving equipment’s should be done regularly as per instruction of the suppliers as well as by experience.
• Good liaison should be maintained with outside organization and District Administration, hospitals and nursing homes in the locality as well as in nearby towns.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.6 Disaster Management Plan
Extreme care is essential in handling such chemicals in any form and at all stages of manufacture, processing, treatment, package, storage, transportation, use, collection, destruction, conversion or sale.
Several agencies of the Government, both at the Central and State levels, such as the Directorate of Explosives, the Inspectorate of Factories and Port and Transport Authorities are entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring safe handling and management of hazardous chemicals under acts and rules made for the purpose. In spite of these measures, the possibility of accidents cannot be ruled out. Human errors and mechanical, electrical, instrumental or system failures have, on occasions, led to severe disasters. Occurrence of fatal accidents makes it essential that the Central and State Governments as well as the local authorities are fully prepared to mitigate the sufferings and meet the eventualities resulting from any unfortunate occurrence of chemical accidents in our country. Following are the general types of Emergency /Disaster which lead to preparation of disaster management plan:
• Fire in tankfarm area • Large oil spillage which may escape outside the boundary. • Major fire / explosion in unit area • Toxic gas release
7.6.1 DMP Objectives “Disaster Management Plan“ means a well-coordinated, comprehensive response plan to contain loss of life, property, environment and provide speedy and effective recovery by making the most effective use of available resources in case of a disaster. The purpose of DMP is to give an approach to detail organizational responsibilities, actions, reporting requirements and support resources available to ensure effective and timely management of emergencies associated to production and operations in the site.
The overall objectives of DMP are to:
• Ensure safety of people, protect the environment and safeguard commercial considerations.
• Immediate response to emergency scene with effective communication network and organized procedures.
• Obtain early warning of emergency conditions so as to prevent impact on personnel, assets and environment.
• Safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life by protecting personnel from the hazard and evacuating personnel from an installation when necessary • Minimize the impact of the event on the installation and the environment, by: o Minimizing the hazard as far as possible o Minimizing the potential for escalation o Containing release
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.6.1.1 Key elements of DMP - Basis of plan - Pre emergency planning - Accident/emergency response planning procedures - On site disaster management plan - Offsite disaster management plan
7.6.1.2 Basis of plan Identification and assessment of hazards is crucial for on-site emergency planning and it is therefore necessary to identify what emergencies could arise in production of various products and their storage. Hazard analysis or consequence analysis gives the following results.
- Hazards from spread of fire or release of flammable and toxic chemicals from storage and production units.
- Hazards due to formation of pressure waves due to vapour cloud explosion of flammable gases and oil spill hazards. 7.6.1.3 Emergency planning and response procedures
Emergency rarely occur, therefore activities during emergencies require coordination of higher order than for planned activities carried out according to fixed time schedule or on a routine day-to-day basis. To effectively coordinate emergency response activities, an organizational approach to planning is required. The emergency planning includes anticipatory action for emergency, maintenance and streamlining of emergency preparedness and ability for sudden mobilization of all forces to meet any calamity. 7.6.1.4 Onsite Disaster Management Plan Onsite Emergency/disaster is an unpleasant event of such magnitude which may cause extensive damage to life and property due to plant emergencies resulting from deficiencies in Operation, Maintenance, Design and Human error, Natural Calamities like Flood, Cyclone and Earthquake; and deliberate and other acts of man like Sabotage, Riot and War etc. An Onsite Disaster may occur all of a sudden or proceeded by a Major Fire.
In order to handle disaster / emergency situations, an organizational chart entrusting responsibility to various personnel of AFFPL showing their specific roles are available as shown onsite following Figure
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Figure 7.1 Onsite DMP – Disaster Control / Management System
Following fire protection facilities shall be installed to combat the emergencies and depending upon the type of emergencies any one or combination of the facilities shall be applied. - Fire Water System - Carbon Dioxide System - Foam System - First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment - Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment - Gas / Fire detection and Alarm System
7.6.1.5 Emergency Organization structure and Role / Responsibilities Following are the key personnel and the units in the plant which are responsible to take appropriate actions during emergencies.
Figure 7.2 Onsite DMP – Organization structure
Overall objectives of an emergency control organization are:
- HIRA (Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment) of all activities - Behaviour Based safety
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) - Operational Controls - HAZOP & Risk management - Safety Trainings - People involvement - Audit and Inspections - Emergency Preparedness - Adherence to Statutory Requirement - To take following controls to reduce risks in operation o Technological measures o Safety by design o Pre start up checks o Operational control (DCS/PLC/SCADA) o Layers of protection in processes (LOPA) o Competent people o Supervision o Inspection and auditing o Management review at various stages
7.6.1.6 Offsite Disaster Management plan Emergency is a sudden unexpected event, which can cause serious damage to personnel life, property and environment outside the boundary wall of the refinery as a whole, which necessitate evolving Off-site Emergency Plan to combat any such eventuality. In Offsite disaster management plan, many agencies like Revenue, Public Health, Fire Services, Police, Civil Defence, Home Guards, Medical Services and other Voluntary organization are involved. Thus, handling of such emergencies requires an organized multidisciplinary approach. Evacuation of people, if required, can be done in orderly way. The different agencies involved in evacuation of people are Civil Administration (both state and central), non Govt. organizations, factory Inspectorate and Police authorities. Various organizations involved during emergencies are shown in Figure below
Figure 7.3 Various organization involved during emergency
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.6.1.7 All Clear / Reentry procedures Chief Emergency Controller (CEC) will declare “All Clear” after control of the Incident and arrange measures required for post Disaster control period and ask Fire Station to Blow 2 minutes straight run siren.
After incident normalization, CEC would ask Unit in-charge to visit and check the incident site along with representatives of Inspection and F&S and also Maintenance (Electrical / Mechanical / Civil/ Instrumentation/ Rotary) as needed. Standard Checks particular to a unit will be provided by respective Area Managers.
Based on feedback of the team, CEC would allow re-entry / resumption of operations at the incident site.
7.6.1.8 Evacuation Plan To establish method of systematic, safe and orderly evacuation of all the occupants in case of fire or any emergency, in the least possible time, to a safe assembly point through nearest safe means of escape. Additionally, to use available fire appliances provided for controlling or extinguishing fire and safeguarding of human life.
7.6.1.9 Training
On job training to the engineers on various facets of risk analysis would go a long way in improving their horizon which in turn is expected to reflect in the operation of plant, especially from the safety stand point. In order to combat with emergency situations arising out of accident release of hazardous chemicals, it is necessary for industries to prepare an exhaustive offsite and onsite emergency preparedness plan. The fire crew belonging to the firefighting department is given intensive training for the use of all equipment and in various firefighting methods for handling different types of fires.
7.6.1.10 Voluntary Organisations Details of Voluntary organizations, telephone numbers nearby of hospitals, Emergency helpline, resources etc are to be available with chief authorities.
7.6.1.11 Non-governmental organizations ( NGO’s) NGO’s could provide a valuable source of expertise and information to support emergency response efforts. Members of NGOs could assist response personnel by performing specified tasks, as planned during the emergency planning process. - Evacuation of personnel from the affected area. - Arrangements at rallying posts and parking yards. - Rehabilitation of evacuated persons.
7.6.1.12 Chemicals information
Details of the hazardous substances (MSDS information) and a summary of the risks associated with them shall be made available at respective plant site/location.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.6.1.13 Meteorological information The site management shall make arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at before the time of accident and weather forecasts updates.
7.6.1.14 Humanitarian arrangements Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances, temporary mortuaries shall be made available at plant site.
7.6.1.15 Public information
It includes dealing with the media-press office & Informing relatives, etc.
7.6.1.16 Assessment - Collecting information on the causes of the emergency. - Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.
7.6.1.17 Role of Local authority Local Authorities like Panchayat, Sabha, Samiti, Municipalities can help in combating emergency situation after assessing the impact scenario in rescue phase. 7.6.1.18 Role of Police The police will assist in controlling of the accident site, organizing evacuation and removing of any seriously injured people to hospitals.
- Co-ordination with the transport authorities, civil defence and home guards. - Co-ordination with army, navy, air force and state fire services. - Arrange for post mortem of dead bodies. - Establish communication centre with easy contact with ECC. 7.6.1.19 Fire brigade role
The fire brigade is to be organized to put out fires and provide assistance as required during emergency. 7.6.1.20 Media’s role The media is to have ready and continuous access to designated officials with relevant information, as well as to other sources in order to provide essential and accurate information to public throughout the emergency and to avoid commotion and confusion. Efforts are made to check the clarity and reliability of information as it becomes available, and before it is communicated to public.
Public health authorities are consulted when issuing statements to the media concerning health aspects of chemical accidents.
Members of the media are to facilitate response efforts by providing means for informing the public with credible information about accidents involving hazardous substances.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) 7.6.1.21 Role of health care authorities - Hospitals and doctors must be ready to treat all type of injuries to causalities during emergency. - Co-ordinate the activities of Primary Health Centres and Municipal Dispensaries to ensure required quantities of drugs and equipments. - Securing assistance of medical and paramedical personnel from nearby hospitals/institutions. - Temporary mortuary and identification of dead bodies.
7.6.1.22 Conclusion
As discussed in above sections, adequate risk mitigation measures for process are considered for to say that the proposed project is not likely to cause any significant risk to onsite, offsite & environment. In the event of disaster onsite, offsite and all the emergency planning procedures are to be followed so as to minimize the impact on working personnel, plant surrounding and environment.
7.7 Public Hearing
“Public Hearing” refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate.
Since the proposed project establishment is an Organic chemical manufacturing unit falling under Category 5 (f)-A which is to be developed is outside the notified area hence, public hearing is required to be carried out. (Refer MOEF OM No. J-11013/36/2014-IA-I dated 10th December 2014). (http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/O.M%20Dated%2010.12.2014.pdf).
Public hearing was conducted on 26th July 2017 at 11.30 hrs at proposed site of Aarav fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Village Jamghar- lakhmapur, Wada.
An application for conduct of public hearing was made to Maharashtra pollution Control Board (MPCB), Sub- Regional office, Kalyan- III, with submission of following documents: • Draft EIA/ EMP report • Executive Summary in English & Marathi (Local language) • Soft copies in CD containing Draft EIA & Executive summary
7.7.1 Notice for Public Hearing After processing the application for public consultation, MPCB in accordance with district administration fixed the date and venue for public hearing. An advertisement covering the requirements laid out in EIA notification Appendix IV Procedure for conduct of public hearing Section 3 (Notice of Public Hearing) was issued by MPCB, published in Marathi daily newspaper “Dainik Sakal” & “Pudhari” and English newspaper “Dainik Free Press Journal” on 22nd June 2017.
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment report and the Executive Summary in both English and local language (Marathi) were sent to the following authorities to display the same for
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) inspection by public till the public hearing gets over that is the period from 21st June 2017 to 26th July 2017 by MPCB: • District collector, Palghar, Dist. Palghar • District Industries Center, Thane • Tehsil Office, Tal. Wada, Dist. Palghar • Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad, Palghar • Panchayat Samiti, Wada, Tal. Wada, Dist. Palghar • Sarpanch, Group Grampanchayat Jamghar- Lakhamapur, Tal. Wada • Regional office, MPCB Kalyan • Environment Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mantralay, Mumbai,
In addition to above, the Draft EIA report and the executive summary in English and Local language Marathi were made available electronically at the website of MPCB (http://mpcb.gov.in/).
7.7.2 Publicity of Public Hearing
To ensure maximum participation from the affected people wide publicity of the public hearing was done. Executive summary of the project in local language (Marathi) and in English (wherever asked for) was made available to the local self-government. As project within boundary of Grampanchayat, EIA report in Marathi language was made available at Group Grampanchayat Jamghar- Lakhamapur.
7.7.3 Panel for Public Hearing
Chairman – Dr. Prashant Narnaware (District Magistrate, Palghar), Member – Shri. Dhananjay Patil (Regional Officer, MPCB, Kalyan), Convener – Shri. Sujit Dholam (Sub Regional Officer, MPCB, Kalyan-III) supervised and presided over the entire public hearing proceedings.
7.7.4 Proceedings
The proceedings of public hearing (Minutes of Meeting issued by MPCB) is attached as Annexure 7.9. The key objections, suggestions and comments raised during public hearing have been summarized as presented below.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Table 7.11 Issue raised during Public Hearing
Issue raised
Name of person water
ronment ronment
data data
Land
Local Local
Water Water
village
& crop &
system
Effluent Effluent
Damage
Flue gas gas Flue
Baseline Baseline
emission
Improper Improper
discharge
of Nehroli Nehroli of
Misleading Misleading
acquisition
CSR budget CSR
Shortage to to Shortage
nearby area nearby
Fire fighting fighting Fire
Ash disposal Ash
employment
Extraction of of Extraction
presentation
Envi
Monitoring & & Monitoring
Non inclusion Noninclusion
Ground
Impact on soil soil on Impact
Product detail Product Interpretation Mr. Jaywant Krushna Patil, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Nehroli village Mr. Ajay Arun Gole, ✓ ✓ ✓ Jamghar village Mr. Ajit Govind Patil, ✓ ✓ Jamghar village Mr. Sunil Patil, ✓ Lakhmapur village Mr. Vijay Kumar Patil, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Nehroli village Mr. Sunil Mokashi, ✓ Jamghar village Mr. Ajay Gole, ✓ Nehroli village Mr. Amol Patil, ✓ ✓ Nehroli village Mr. Ramesh Bhaurao Patil, ✓ Nehroli village Mr. Suresh Patil, ✓ ✓ ✓ Nehroli village Mr. Vishwajeet Gole, ✓ ✓ Jamghar village Mr. Dayanand Gole, ✓ Jamghar village Mr. Sandeep Tukaram Gole ✓
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Table 7.12 Reply to Issue raised during Public hearing Sr. No. Name of person Issue raised Reply from project Proponent & Consultant 1 Mr. Jaywant Krushna Nehroli village is not included in presentation though Data pertaining to Nehroli village is very much presented in EIA report Patil, Nehroli village village is adjacent to site. Survey for preparing report & also covered in Socio economic primary survey (Refer Table 3.20 for is not carried out in Nehroli village. Nehroli village is survey location) & Annexure 3.7 for Socio Economic report. AAQ not mentioned in map. monitoring stations was located in North- East direction from site & adjacent to Nehroli village. About 148 cmd ground water will be extract for Fresh water requirement is now reworked to 115.5 cmd & treated industry use. Due to this, nearby village shall face recycled effluent will be 39 cmd. The fresh water will be sourced from water shortage. Ground water i.e. from Existing 2 Nos. of Bore well, Proposed Additional 3 Nos. of bore well & Existing 1 no. of Dug well. Yield of existing bore wells is 30 cmd each as given in EIA report & Hydrogeological assessment Study. CGWB has permitted abstraction of 115.5 cmd of water as a part of proposed project & as per CGWA Compliance we have already constructed 1600m3 artificial collection water tank for recharging the existing Dug Well. This will also help in maintaining the water table status at site & surrounding area. SO2 & CO gases are going to be emitted from We have proactively decided to provide air pollution control system industrial process. There are probability of acid rain (Scrubber) for fuel burning sources which will maintain flue gas occurrence, due to which acidity for agriculture land emissions much below statutory norms. shall be elevated. Agriculture is main source of income in this region. Also, this area covered in green belt. Hence, chemical industries shall not be allowed in this area. Information regarding disposal of coal ash We have taken a proactive step to not using coal as fuel for proposed generating from industrial operation is about 243 project. Hence, ash disposal is not applicable. MT/day is not mentioned in report. To which brick kilns the coal ash to be disposed. Land strata in this area is of basalt rock type. So, if We wish to inform that the effluent will be treated onsite & reused within waste water disposed on land, it will not percolate plant. There will be no discharge of effluent on land. The existing & down under. Whereas waste water flow through proposed project is Zero Liquid discharge facility. Hence, land catchment area causing damage to the crop. contamination due to proposed project is not envisaged.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Name of person Issue raised Reply from project Proponent & Consultant 2 Mr. Ajay Arun Gole, Survey No. & Gut No. in the mentioned in the report Aarav Fragrances owns Gut No./ Survey No.: 150, 151, 166 to 172 of Jamghar village shall be verified from the 7/12 land documents. village Lakhmapur and Gut No./ Survey No. 239A, 242, 286 (Part), 287 (Part), 289 (Part), 290(2), 291 (Part), 292 to 296 of village Jamghar. The copy of 7/12 extract of all above gut no. is attached as Annexure 7.10 of EIA report. The Town planning department permission obtained as also Panchayat NOC obtained shows these survey numbers and is enclosed as Annexure 7.11 of EIA report. Fruit bearing trees in this area affected due to We wish to inform that our existing facility is for formulation & blending. industries pollution. There are no reports of impact on existing green belt developed within site or from nearby fields. Thus, adequate precautions have been taken up by the proponent to ensure no spoilage of environment due to proposed project. It should be verified how many local workers are In our existing facility 49 Nos. of workers from local area are employed working in the factory. out of total 87 nos. 3 Mr. Ajit Govind Patil, His farm land is adjacent to the factory. However, he Proponent has proposed to provide air pollution control system Jamghar village has not been informed or taken into confidence at the (Scrubber) for fuel burning sources which will maintain flue gas time of survey. There is possibility of acid rain due to emissions well below statutory norms. which crop may be affected. 4 Mr. Sunil Patil, His farm land is adjacent to the factory. No effect in Noted. Lakhmapur village agriculture due to industry. Plenty of Human resource is available locally hence The proposed peak manpower requirement during construction phase employment to be given locals. will be approximately 35-50 Nos. of Persons and subsequent operational activities will require manpower of 100-125 nos. Preference will be given to local employment. 5 Mr. Vijay Kumar Nehroli village is not mentioned in report. Nehroli Data pertaining to Nehroli village is very much presented in EIA report Patil, villagers were not informed about the project. & also covered in Socio economic primary survey (Refer Table 3.20 for Nehroli village Project presentation was in adequate. survey location) & Annexure 3.7 for Socio Economic report. AAQ monitoring stations was located in North- East direction from site & adjacent to Nehroli village.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Name of person Issue raised Reply from project Proponent & Consultant Sampling location for soil & water not mentioned. In We wish to inform that sampling location for Soil & water is mentioned the report soil is report to be sandy. However, it is not in Section 3.1 & Section 3.5 of EIA report. Fertilizers were suggested to true. Agriculture land in this region is very much maintain nutrient level of the soil wherever required. productive. Why industry has not mentioned Nehroli village in the report. No requirement to be use fertilizer in the agriculture. Quality crop is produce in this region. Report suggest use of organic fertilizer which is in adequate. Villagers was not taken into confidence. Effluents As mentioned in EIA report, the effluent will be treated onsite & reused generate from industry are going to be flow through within plant. There will be no discharge of effluent on land. The existing catchment area because of which agriculture land in & proposed project is Zero Liquid discharge facility. Hence, land Jamghar, Nehroli is going to be affected. This issue is contamination due to proposed project is not envisaged. not incorporated in the report. It is wrongly mentioned in the report that water Drinking water quality did not met the IS 10500: 2012 specification wrt available in this region is not suitable for drinking. If bacterial quality. crop yield is decreased in future, industry shall be held responsible. Nehroli village is not mentioned in the report deliberately. Report is misguiding. 6 Mr. Sunil Mokashi, Industry running since last ten years. There is no Noted. The proposed peak manpower requirement during construction Jamghar village nuisance due to industry. However, it is to inform phase will be approximately 35-50 Nos. of Persons and subsequent that employment shall be given to locals on priority. operational activities will require manpower of 100-125 nos. Preference Farmers shall be provided explanation regarding will be given to local manpower with adequate skill sets required for these issues. chemical plant operation. 7 Mr. Ajay Gole, Government has banned manufacturing of Gutkha The existing & proposed facility is for manufacturing & formulation of Nehroli village products. Smell similar to gutkha is experience Fragrances, Flavors & its’s intermediates. The company is not sometimes nearby the industry. manufacturing products such as Gutkha at site. 8 Mr. Amol Patil, Since last 20 to 25 years, industrialization has taken Detail information regarding proposed Fire-fighting system within site Nehroli village place in Wada Taluka. However, there is no fire- is given in chapter 7, Annexure 7.6 & 7.7 of EIA report. The adequate fighting facility. In recent times there were industrial fire-fighting system will be installed at site & same shall be approved accidents. Blast has occurred in chemical factory in from statutory agency. Kondale village. Who is responsible for this. No information in the report regarding Firefighting nozzles, fire water storage. Separate firefighting
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Name of person Issue raised Reply from project Proponent & Consultant facility is required in Wada taluka. Similar accidents can occur in this factory. Survey no. of affected & Non- affected citizen shall be The copy of 7/12 extract of all above gut no. is attached as Annexure verified. Adjacent land owners are affected. 7.10. The Town planning department permission obtained as also Information regarding direction is not provided. In Panchayat NOC obtained shows these survey numbers and is enclosed the report, details about crop cultivation in the study as Annexure 7.11. area & direction is not mentioned. Nehroli village is Details about crop cultivation is given in Section 3.7.7 of EIA report. Part located at East side. of Open series map covering study area of 10 km is presented in Annexure 3.1 of EIA report. 9 Mr. Ramesh Bhaurao His farm land is affected since water carrying nalla We wish to inform that the effluent will be treated onsite & reused Patil, Nehroli village goes through his land. Project planning shall be within plant. There will be no discharge of effluent on land. The existing adequate. & proposed project is Zero Liquid discharge facility. Hence, land contamination due to proposed project is not envisaged. 10 Mr. Suresh Patil, Please inform the location of soil & water samples Soil locations of baseline monitoring is given in Table 3.5 of EIA report Nehroli village collection. & Water locations of baseline monitoring is given in Table 3.15 of EIA report. Explanation shall be provided as to why Nehroli Data pertaining to Nehroli village is very much presented in EIA report village is omitted during the study survey for & also covered in Socio economic primary survey (Refer Table 3.20 for preparation of EIA report. Nehroli village is adjacent survey location) & Annexure 3.7 for Socio Economic report. AAQ to industry. Direction of flow of water from the monitoring stations was located in North- East direction from site & industry shall be verified. Eastern site is not adjacent to Nehroli village. mentioned in the report. Since wind direction is west We wish to inform that no stream/ nalla is flowing through proposed to east, Nehroli village is going to be affected due to site. Existing & Proposed project is maintaining Zero Liquid discharge. air emission from the industry. We confirm that there will be no discharge of effluent on Land/ into stream/ nalla. We wish to inform that as a part of air pollution control system, we are proposing Scrubber for our fuel burning sources which will maintain flue gas emissions much below statutory norms. 11 Mr. Vishwajeet Gole, CSR expenditure for boring is wrongly mentioned on We hereby inform and stand corrected that the cost of Rs. 1.5 Lakhs was Jamghar village higher side. Permanent employment is not provided incurred by us for borewell-constructed for Local Gram panchayat to locals. school at Jamghar village of 121 m depth. The detail of Bore well & break up of its cost is attached herewith for ready reference as Annexure 7.12 of EIA report.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Name of person Issue raised Reply from project Proponent & Consultant It is practice of absorbing well trained contract employees on the company roll & recently the company has taken on roll 7 nos Contract employees. Further the proposed peak manpower requirement during construction phase will be approximately 35-50 Nos. of Persons and subsequent operational activities will require manpower of 100-125 nos. Preferences will be given to local employment. 12 Mr. Dayanand Gole, His survey no. is not mentioned in the project map Our company Aarav Fragrances owns Gut No./ Survey No.: 150, 151, 166 Jamghar village although land is adjacent to the industry. to 172 of village Lakhmapur and Gut No./ Survey No. 239A, 242, 286 (Part), 287 (Part), 289 (Part), 290(2), 291 (Part), 292 to 296 of village Jamghar. The copy of 7/12 extract of all above gut no. is attached as Annexure 7.10 of EIA report. 13 Mr. Sandeep No effect due to production activity of the industry. Noted. We confirm that we will provide adequate pollution control Tukaram Gole Public hearing is conducted for proposed measures to minimize pollution load well within norms. establishment. Care should be taken to avoid environmental damage due to chemical process.
Table 7.13 Additional Issues raised by Hon. District collector during Public hearing Sr. No. Issues raised Reply from Project proponent & Consultant 1 Gut no/Survey no mention in the report shall be verified. Our company Aarav Fragrances owns Gut No./ Survey No.: 150, 151, 166 to 172 of village Lakhmapur and Gut No./ Survey No. 239A, 242, 286 (Part), 287 (Part), 289 (Part), 290(2), 291 (Part), 292 to 296 of village Jamghar. The copy of 7/12 extract of all above gut no. is attached as Annexure of EIA report. The Town planning department permission obtained as also Panchayat NOC obtained shows these survey numbers and is enclosed as Annexure 7.10 of EIA report. 2 The map presented in the presentation section impact study The point is noted. Part of Open series map covering study area of 10 km is presented location details, shall be legible. Also the figures provided are in Annexure 3.1 of EIA report. Good resolution maps are presented in in our Final EIA also not legible. There are many pages in the report which are report. not legible, same shall be replaced. 3 District is wrongly mentioned as Thane in the report at few The error is sincerely regretted. We have made necessary changes (i.e. mentioned places. The errors in the presentation which were brought to District Palghar instead of District Thane) in Final EIA report. the notice shall be rectified. 4 It has been mentioned in the sections impact and remedial We confirm that we will provide employment to 35-50 Nos. of skilled & qualified people measures that during the construction phase about 35 to 50 from nearby areas during construction phase.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Issues raised Reply from Project proponent & Consultant people shall get employment. Question released in this regard As suggested by the Members of Public we will try and distribute jobs to competent during the public hearing. How it is going to implemented. people/contractors from within Jamghar- Lakhmapur and Nehroli villages if they have sufficient skill sets and experience in carrying out the tasks on hand. 5 It is mentioned in the report that under CSR programmed, Rs. We hereby inform and stand corrected that the cost of Rs. 1.5 Lakhs was incurred by 4.5 lacs are expended in the year 2015 – 2016 for us for borewell-constructed for Local Gram panchayat school at Jamghar village of 121 Grampanchayat school bore well. Considering the m depth. The detail of Bore well & break up of its cost is attached herewith for ready expenditure encurred towards borewell, it is felt that bore reference as Annexure 7.12 of EIA report. well is bored deep. Detail information shall be submitted. 6 What provisions are going to made to restore to ground water Our total water requirement for the project will be 154.5 cmd out of which 39 cmd will level. How much ground water is going to be extracted from be sourced from recycle of treated effluent and sewage. Balance fresh water the reserve. Whether the guidelines notified by CGWA are requirement of 115.5 cmd which will be sourced from Ground Water. We have going to be followed. Nearby villages may face the water conducted detailed Hydrogeological Assessment Study (enclosed as Annexure 3.5 of shortage, In case ground water is extracted beyond limits. EIA report) through a Grade A Expert approved by Quality Council of India (QCI) and What measures shall be taken for this issue. have received CGWA NOC (Letter no. 21-4(211)/ CR/ CGWA/ 2015- 2297 dated 11th December 2018 valid upto 29th September 2020) for extracting ground water to the tune of 115.5 cmd (copy enclosed as Annexure 2.2 of EIA report). Ground water will be sourced from Existing 2 Nos. of Bore well (each 80 m depth with 30 cmd of withdrawal each), Existing 1 no. of Dug well & Proposed Additional 3 Nos of bore well (Avg 30cmd per bore well) as recommended by CGWA. We are submitting 6 monthly compliance to CGWA as required by them. The copy of CGWA report is attached as Annexure 7.13 of EIA report for your ready reference. The existing bore well is fitted with water meters to check daily water consumption. The same practice will be continued for proposed bore wells. Pl refer to the CGWA compliance report as mentioned above. We wish to inform that, as recommended by CGWA in its permission/NOC, we have already started with implementing Rain water harvesting and ground water recharge measures to recharge & maintain ground water table. We have constructed recharge pits 6 nos. to recharge the ground water. We shall be constructing 8-10 nos additional recharge pits on the storm water drains to recharge the new bore wells in compliance to CGWA NOC. In addition, we have constructed 1600m3 artificial collection water tank for recharging the existing Dug Well and for maintaining the water table status at the site & nearby areas and harvested rain water from roof tops and other natural drains is diverted to this tank.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Issues raised Reply from Project proponent & Consultant The detail plan of Rain water harvesting & Ground water recharge structures- existing and proposed is given in section 4.5.5 & Section 3.5.2.1 of EIA report. 7 How much water is required for industrial process from Our total water requirement will be 154.5 cmd, out of which fresh water will be 115.5 which resource. How many bore well / dug well shall be cmd & treated recycled effluent will be 39 cmd. The major source of fresh water for provided and of how much capacity. Till how much period and proposed establishment project is from Ground water & in case of shortage, tanker at what rate ground water is going to be extracted. From water will be used as mentioned in EIA Section 2.7.2. which resource surface water and ground water is going to be The fresh water will be sourced from Ground water i.e. from Existing 2 Nos. of Bore utilize and in what quantity it shall be used. well, Proposed Additional 3 Nos. of bore well & Existing 1 no. of Dug well. Yield of bore wells is 30 cmd each as given in EIA & Hydrogeological assessment Study. We have implemented Rain Water Harvesting to recharge groundwater table & partially to utilize in regular operation during wet season. Further as per CGWA Compliance we have already constructed 1600m3 artificial collection water tank for recharging the existing Dug Well. This will also help in maintaining the water table status at the site & in nearby areas. We confirm that no surface water will be utilized for the proposed project. The only source of fresh water will be Ground water (Through 2 Nos existing and 3 Nos proposed additional bore wells as well as 1 No dug well within the site) and excess rain water only during wet season. 8 Whether any kind of softening plant is going to be installed Ground water analyzed at our site has shown a TDS level of 272 ppm and chloride level for treatment of raw water. of 43 ppm and sulfate level of 22 ppm. Water used in site will be suitably treated where ever required. Raw Water Treatment plant will comprise Softener/DM plant to meet our process /utility water requirements. This has been considered in our planning and Water Balance in the final EIA shows the above details. 9 What measure are to be taken towards rain water harvesting. Detail scheme of rain water Harvesting is given in section 4.5.5 to 4.5.5.2 of EIA report. What kind of rain water harvesting structures shall be Kindly refer to replies mentioned above for point Nos 6 & 7. installed. Detail information shall be provided. 10 What kind of raw material shall be used for production The Raw Material requirement & sourcing is given in Section 2.6.2.22 and storage process. How raw material is going to be stored. What details are given in Chapter No 2, Section 2.6.3 of the EIA report. measures shall be taken to store the chemicals. What about We have carried out different studies like Safety & Risk assessment, Qualitative Risk disposals of by-products generated from the projects? assessment, FETI (Fire Explosion & Toxicity Index), Identification of Maximum
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Issues raised Reply from Project proponent & Consultant Credible accident (MCA) scenarios for proposed Tankages to identify risks & suggest safety measures for same. The Chapter No. 7, Section 7.1 to 7.6.1.22 Risk assessment has been prepared & incorporated in our EIA report, which covers risks during different stages of the project. By-products if any generated from process in any form will be sold to Maharashtra Pollution Control Board’s authorized recyclers/ End Users/Resellers, if the same is not saleable then we will safely dispose off to CHWTSDF as per regulatory norms of Hazardous Waste 2016. 11 EIA reports emphasize that fly ash shall be send to brick The fuels reflected in the EIA were based on forecasted availability in the nearby areas manufactures. However, to which brick manufactures. in the next 10-15 years, considering fuel emissions norms that may come into force by However to which brick manufacturers same will be provided the time the project is active. However, the Company Management is firm on its is not mentioned. Detail information to be provided. commitment on low Emissions & green environment in its region hence it has decided that coal will not be used as fuel therefore Coal & Fly Ash Management is not required as part of this proposed project. The necessary changes are reflected in the Final EIA Report. We hereby confirm that we will use Furnace Oil for Boiler & Thermic Fluid heater. We will provide adequate stack height as per Central Pollution Control Board Emission norms & Efficient Gas Scrubber for boiler & Thermic fluid heaters, to reduce SO2 emissions to a minimum. Further we will conduct installation of monitoring instrumentation like flue gas analyzers. Hence gaseous emissions from fuel burning sources will be maintained well within CPCB prescribed norms. 12 What will be quantity and characteristics of the waste water The total effluent generated from proposed project will be 39 cmd. After recycling generating from the production process. Detail information treated effluent fresh water use will reduce to 115.5 cmd. about treatment facility proposed to be provided. Industry Our Effluent treatment scheme to achieve Zero Liquid discharge will be as will be as has mentioned to ZLD. Detail information shall be provided below: about the treatment units proposed. How the precipitate • High organic effluent load i.e. from Process (8 cmd) will be treated in FLASH solids from ZLD shall be disposed. What will be disposal distillation unit. Permeate will be sent to ETP for further treatment. method for treated effluent. What facility shall be provided • Effluent from utilities (23.8 cmd) will be treated in ETP comprising of Primary, for recycling the effluent. Secondary & Tertiary treatment. • Domestic sewage (7.2 cmd) will be treated in Sewage Treatment plant & overflow will be reused for domestic & green belt.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Issues raised Reply from Project proponent & Consultant The treated effluent will be fully recycled within plant for plant washing/cleaning/cooling towers. Hence unit will be maintained as “Zero Liquid Discharge” facility. The detail scheme for ZLD is enclosed in section 4.5.4.1 & Annexure 4.1. 13 It is mentioned in the water pollution control aspects that The detail scheme for ZLD is section 4.5.4.1 & Separate Annexure 4.1 of EIA report and effluent shall be segregated and then recycled. ZLD issue is any additional recommendations given by Honorable District Collector will be adhered very sensitive, administration have issued notice under to. (Please also refer to reply of point no 12) section 133. Government have constituted on committee in this regard. Additional District Collector, Palghar is member of this committee. Detail explanation shall be offered by the project proponent regarding the questions raised during the public hearing 14 Whether the norms towards disposal of Hazardous Waste We will abide and dispose Hazardous waste as per Hazardous Waste Rules, 2016 and shall be followed. Where it shall be disposed. Which industry Authorization granted by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board. are received this waste. What will be mode of spent solvent We hereby inform that our unit is already a member of the authorized disposal generating from the industry. site/facility i.e. Mumbai Waste Management Ltd, Taloja, Maharashtra. The Hazardous waste generation & its disposal is given in Table No 4.3 of the EIA report, further the Current Membership letter of CHWTSDF is attached as Annexure 3.3 of the EIA report. 15 Detail information shall be provided about the Air emissions The Measures for Process Emissions Control in Proposed Facility and Measures for VOC and control systems to be provided. Whether the emissions control are mentioned in Section 4.5.2.8 and Section 4.5.2.9 of the EIA report. from production process are of explosive nature. What kind As informed above, Company Management has decided not to use coal as fuel. Hence of control system shall be provided for VOC emissions. Coal is Coal & Fly ash Management is not be a part of proposed project. going to be used as fuel. What will be the source of the coal We will provide gas scrubbers for reducing SO2 emissions from fuel use in Boiler & and what will be the transport management measures. Thermic Fluid heaters. Stack with Adequate Height as per CPCB Emission Norms will Whether it will be raw coal or washed coal. Whether coal be provided and further on installation of the gas scrubber, the gaseous emissions from washery is going to be installed. Submit information fuel burning sources will be maintained well within regulatory norms. regarding emissions involved in the furnace oil fuel burning. Expected quality of emission from boiler and Thermic Fluid Heaters are given in section 4.5.2.1 to 4.5.2.2 of EIA report. We have carried out Pollutant dispersion modelling study using USEPA approved software ISCST3 for Proposed boiler & Thermic fluid heater & same have been included in Section no. 4.5.2.3 to 4.5.2.5 of EIA report.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment) Sr. No. Issues raised Reply from Project proponent & Consultant This also shows that even after incremental increase in emissions the ambient air quality will be well within the norms laid down under National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAAQS of CPCB, published in 2009. 16 Impact zone mentioned in the EIA report is 10 KM. However Selection of monitoring location (8 locations- 7 villages & 1 Onsite) was done as per gaseous emissions impact is assessed to the extent from 1 km Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, New Delhi Norms & Standard to 3.5 km. Samples are collected to the extend from 1 km to Terms of reference (TOR) guidelines based on Windrose pattern & by running 3.5 km. Hence same does not seems to be representatives. screening models based on one week meteorological data using ISCST3 model. The monitoring locations were selected suitably based on the study of wind rose results of the area for winter season Dec-15, Jan-16 & Feb-16. The details of monitoring locations given in Table 3.11 of EIA report. From the screening model, it is observed that maximum distance of pollutant concentration is within 2.0-2.5 km only from the project site. Also, the incremental concentration of pollutant is well below the NAAQ norms, 2009. The screening model output is enclosed herewith as Annexure 7.14 for your ready reference. The baseline condition represents the present scenario of study area. Based on the baseline condition & pollutant air modelling output, maximum impact zones were identified. To summarize the above, the maximum impact zone is within 2.5 km from the project site. The incremental concentration of pollutant at each monitoring location is well below the NAAQ Norms, 2009. Hence, the monitoring locations selected for our project were true representative of the study area. 17 About 1 Cr. Towards capital expenditure and Rs. 30 lac Individual details are provided at Table 6.3 (Budgetary Provisions for EMP) of EIA towards Operation and Maintenance for the environment report. management facility. Question raised about this shall be answered in writing along with details of expenditures. 18 EIA report methodology mentioned in the report is wrong. We regret the error and confirm that the Figure 1.2 of EIA depicts the Environmental This flow chart is actually for the process to grant Clearance Process. This has been suitably corrected in Final EIA report. environment clearance. It is mentioned that E coli is present Ground water was collected from 7 villages, out of which E. coli was present in in the water samples. Detail information to be provided in Pavnipada (Borewell water), Chikhale (Borewell water), Nichole (Borewell water), order to take preventive measures from the administration Vasurikhurd (Borewell water), Khupari (Borewell water) & Dongarpada (Well water) side. as given in Table 3.15 of EIA report.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 7 –Additional Studies (Public Hearing & Risk Assessment)
Figure 7.4 Photograph of Public Hearing
7.8 Social Impact Assessment, R & R (Relocation and rehabilitation) action plan
Not Applicable (The proposed establishment is within existing plot of the company which is located in notified industrial estate).
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 8 – Project Benefits PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 Improvement in Infrastructures
The project is located in Maharashtra government declared industrial area and does not require any additional infrastructure and the site is well connected so no major benefits in terms of direct improvement in infrastructure is anticipated. However, indirect improvement in public infrastructure may occur due to the CER activities.
8.2 Employment Potential
The proposed peak manpower requirement during construction phase will be approximately 35-50 Persons and subsequent operational activities will require manpower of 100-125 nos. All recruitments will be done from local area which will be a considerable benefit to the local area considering the demography of the region/project area (5 Km). Further, the indirect employment via increased transportation, ancillary units & local economic activities will also add in the employment potential of the proposed project. Thus, the potential of employment will be greatly beneficial to the local people.
8.3 Other Tangible & Intangible Benefits
Demand of Fragrances and Flavors proposed to be manufactured is increasing in India as well as foreign countries day by day. Thus, the proposed project will create possibilities of export to many foreign countries. Upon successful achievement of export by company, the proposed project will result in benefit to the country in form of foreign exchange revenues, duties etc. Enhanced production will also result in increased taxes to local Grampanchayat and State Exchequer.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 9 –Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
All the required Environmental protection measures will be implemented in the proposed plant to ensure compliance with the norms. The overall project cost is estimated at Rs 20 crore. Despite this low project cost, the proponent is willing to invest in pollution control facilities and other environmental protection measures along with Rain water harvesting scheme, Solar lighting etc at a cost of Rs 98.5 lakhs i.e nearly 10 % of the project cost. In addition, the company will spend Rs 20 lakhs for CER activities in nearby villages.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 10 –Environmental Management Plan ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Introduction
Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring the mitigative measures are implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of EIA are presented in this chapter.
10.1.1 Objective & Scope of EMP
Post Project Monitoring is an essential part to check the impact of project related activities. Hence, monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis. The Environmental Management Plan is prepared with the main objective of enlisting all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of adverse impacts for all the components of the proposed project. The objectives taken into account in preparation of EMP are summarized here as follows: a) The prevention, control and abatement of pollution, i.e. air pollution, water pollution, hazardous/ non-hazardous wastes and noise pollution, b) To comply with the stipulated enviro-legal requirements and standards, c) To direct the steps to be followed, for effective maintenance and regulation of environmental management system. d) To ensure the better and safe work environment through pre-meditated planning of prevention and control of hazards, e) To direct the investments towards sustainable development by considering the cost of effluent treatment, emission control, waste disposal, social development, green belt development and health & safety in the planning stage only, f) To account for recycling and reusing measures, proposed or required to be adopted for minimization of consumption of resources and generation of pollutants. g) Stats of pollution within the project site and in its vicinity h) Generate data for predictive / corrective purpose in respect of pollution i) To access environmental impact and examine the efficiency of pollution control system adopted at the site. Monitoring will be carried out at the site as per the norms of CPCB. As the proposed project is an establishment of the existing unit, the present EMP has been prepared to meet the requirements of pollution control from existing & proposed project as an integrated environment management plan. The present EMP may not be suitable & feasible for any other upcoming activities other than those of the proposed project. The
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 10 –Environmental Management Plan EMP does not cover scope of management of hazardous substance as it forms the key part of RA study (Additional Studies).
10.2 Environmental Management Cell
In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary.
AFFPL will develop a full-fledged Environmental Management Cell (EMC) for environmental monitoring and control with a vision to operate the EMP requirements as suggested in the chapter. Environmental Management Cell shall be formulated for efficient & easy operation of environment management system & operations.
The EMC team will takes care of pollution monitoring aspects and implementation of control measures. A group of qualified and efficient engineers with technicians will be deputed for maintenance, up keeping and monitoring the pollution control equipment, to keep them in working at the best of their efficiencies. The illustrative structure of the EMC is presented below. Proposed structure of the Environment management cell at AFFPL is given in following figure.
Executive Director
Vice President
Medical Officer Welfare Officer/ PRO Environment Manager
Approved Shift Incharge Safety Officer Laboratory Environmental Consultant, Lab & Auditor Plant Incharge Chemist
Helpers Operators
Helpers
Figure 10.1 Suggested structure of EMC
10.2.1 Responsibilities of EMC
Responsibilities of the EMC will include the following: • Environmental monitoring of the surrounding area. • Timely Commissioning of pollution control equipment and facilities. • Specification and regulation of maintenance schedules for pollution control equipment • Ensuring that standards are maintained. • Developing the green belt
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 10 –Environmental Management Plan • Ensuring optimum water usage • Carrying out environmental management plan and audit • Organizing meetings of the environment management committee and preparation of reports and submission to management and authorities As indicated in Organogram, Vice President (VP)/General Manager -Operations (GMOPS) of the company will lead the EMS as head of the Environmental Management Cell. VP will be assisted by Factory Manager (FM) for day to day activities of EMC. FM will guide the subordinate staff members- Environment Manager, Medical Officer & Admin Officer/ Welfare officer for necessary action plan & activities of environmental management plan. AO will look after the operation related with government offices, public and other stakeholders for necessary operation including statutory proceedings. The technical operations including environmental monitoring and efficient operations & maintenance of pollution control equipment/machineries etc. The Lab incharge will look after the operations of in-house monitoring & analysis of environmental samples. MOEFCC recognized environmental laboratory/consultant will also be appointed for the operations related with third party environmental monitoring, environmental audit (as & when required) and other techno-legal environmental services. The plant & shift Incharge will look after the plant / department level operations including ETP operation, air pollution control devices Operation, Process and Utility operations to ensure that all instructions & action plans issued by superior authorities are efficiently followed & implemented to prevent environmental pollution & operational hazards. Primarily the Environment manager will be responsible for all technical nonconformities of EMS and he/she is responsible to prepare necessary documents & report for day to day compliance to stipulated EMS, CC&A Conditions as well as other statutory & voluntary requirements. All necessary standard operating procedures for technical matters of EMS will be prepared by Environment Manager whereas the standard operating procedures administrative operation will be prepared by AO. The standard operating procedures will be prepared well before the inception of operation phase of the project and the VP/GMOPS will check these SOPs. After necessary corrections, VP/GMOPS will forward these SOP to MD for approval and approved SOP will be controlled by responsible personnel. The approved copy of these SOP will be issued to concern personnel for day to day operations. Up on citation of any non-conformities/non-compliance in EMS and related operations, he/she will immediately report to the VP/GMOPS with necessary report/document. The FM will call a meeting on urgent basis and will issue an action plan to close the noncompliance/ non-conformity. If the issue of non-conformities/non-compliance is cited to be serious or major FM will consult VP/GMOPS of the company and according to the instruction of MD further action plan will be issued by FM to all members of EMC. The environment manager with help of other personnel of EMC and company will start operation to resolve the issue of non-conformities/non-compliance and he/she will regularly update the FM for the current status. Similarly FM will give instruction to AO for necessary actions required to be initiated at administrative level including necessary proceeding with other organization, govt. offices & public etc. All official declaration about the non-conformities will be made by VP/GMOPS. Such declaration can also be made by FM after authorization by VP/GMOPS. Whenever required information or report
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 10 –Environmental Management Plan of non-conformities will be submitted or issued to govt. offices or public by AO in line with the necessary instructions given by VP.
10.2.2 Financial Provisions for EMP Implementation
Costs for pollution control, monitoring and management will be included in the account under separate head in CAPEX as well as OPEX provisions.
10.2.3 Authorities Responsible for EMP Implementation
Structural measures (such as installation of Flash distillation, RO, ETP upgradation, Tanks, preventive and protective equipment etc): Directors, Project manager, accounting head/manager, Site Officer & engineers, Contractors. Non-Structural (SOP’s, studies, implementing systems etc.): Directors, Production manager, accounting head/manager, Plant in-charge, safety & environment Officer & engineers, Contractors & operators.
10.2.4 EMP Implementation Schedule
• Structural measures identified will be provided in construction phase prior to commissioning of plant operation. • Maintenance will be done throughout the extent of operation phase. • Proper installation of pumps, motors will be done well before commissioning to prevent wastage & efficient use of water • The non-structural actions will be initiated with inception of commissioning stage and will be implemented & practiced as routine throughout the project life.
10.3 Reporting
The proponent shall prepare & submit quarterly/half yearly reports regarding implementation of the environmental management program as described in conditions of various licenses/certificate of clearance like EC, CTO, CC etc. which will be submitted to concerned authorities is as listed below: • Board of Director through MD& General/Production manager. • Maharashtra Pollution Control Boards & other authority as required by regulatory provisions. • Other organizations/firms as directed timely by Board of Directors or General/production Manager or Govt. authority like MoEFCC, MPCB, CPCB etc.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 Introduction
Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd. (AFFPL) is a privately owned and professionally managed enterprise established in the year 2007 with it's corporate office in Thane and manufacturing unit at Village Jamghar – Lakhmapur, Tal Wada Dist Palghar, Maharashtra. Aarav is an ISO 9001: 2015, ISO 22000: 2005 & ISO 27000 (under implementation) and food safety standards authority certified company. The total Plot area is 97,750 sq. m. The proposed establishment activity will be set up within existing plant with addition & up gradation of units with estimated cost of Rs. 20 Crores. The proposed establishment is at existing plot at Gut No./ Survey No.: 150, 151, 166 to 172 of village Lakhmapur and Gut No./ Survey No. 239A, 242, 286 (Part), 287 (Part), 289 (Part), 290(2), 291 (Part), 292 to 296 of village Jamghar, Tal. Wada, Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra. The project is located at latitude 19°35'43.37"N & longitude 73°6'36.54"E (centre coordinates) with elevation of 52 m above Sea level. The site is well connected by rail and road. Nearest Atgaon railway station is at distance of 25 km & Bhivandi which is 36 km away. Town Wada is at a distance of 7.5 km on NE. Mumbai international airport is at 61 km on SW side. Bhivandi Wada road is 500 m away from site. National highway Mumbai Agra is 30 km towards east side. River Tansa is around 3.5 km to North from site. Tansa wildlife sanctuary is located at a approx. distance of 5.8 km to East from site.
11.2 Manufacturing process & Proposed products
There is an ever-growing requirement of the consumers for fragrances & flavors in India and world markets. Hence the company proposing to produce synthetic organic chemicals & molecules which will be used captively by the company and also sold to other reputed manufacturers. Manufacture of Fragrances and flavors involves formulations of organic compounds. Proposed specialty chemicals & molecules required for the above are manufactured by the following organic synthesis processes such as Grignard reaction, Aldol condensation, esterification, trans esterification, Darzen condensation, saponification of esters, Dimerization and Trimerization of simple olefins, Cyclo Alkylation Reactions /Acetylation, Diel Alders Reactions: Cyclization Reaction, Etherification of Alkyl Halide and Alcohol, Epoxidation of Alkenes/ Friedel Craft Reactions etc. The existing manufacturing facilities is for Formulation of Fragrances and Flavors & an associated R & D activity. AFFPL proposes to establish the manufacturing of synthetic organic chemicals along with expansion of existing formulation and R & D activities. Details of Existing products & proposed establishing products are listed in table below.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion Table 11.1 Existing & Proposed establishing Products & Quantities Sr. Existing, Proposed, Total, Products No. TPM TPM TPM 1. R & D for fragrances and Flavors* ------2. Perfumery & Flavor Esters Products in various grades 3 Perfumery & Flavor Alcohol Products in various grades Perfumery & Flavor Aldehyde and Aldehyde derivatives 4 Products in various grades Dimerization and Trimerization of simple olefins. 5 Products in various grades Ketals / Acetals / substituted 1,3-propanediols Products 6 in various grades Macro cyclic and polycyclic musks derived from 7 propylene/ butadiene and other propylene derivatives Nil 372 372 Products in various grades Aldehydes & Ketones by Aldol Condensation Products in 8 various grades Acetylene and other alkyne derivatives Products in 9 various grades Cyclo Alkylation/Acetylation, Diel Alders Reactions: Cyclization Reaction, Etherification of Alkyl Halide and 10 Alcohol, Epoxidation of Alkenes /Friedel Craft Reactions Products in various grades 11 Hydrogenation Products in various grades Total 0 372 372 (*) MPCB Consent to Operate No. Formate 1.0/AST/RO-KN/EIA no KN -6887 -16/R/CC-4912 dated 13th April 2016 and valid up to 30th September 2020.
11.3 Fuel requirement
One boiler of 5 TPH and one thermic fluid heater of 3 Lac kcal/Hr are proposed to be installed to fulfill heating requirement of the proposed project. Utility Details Boiler (5 Ton/Hr) Thermic Fluid Heater (3 Lac kcals/ hr) Fuel used & Agricultural Waste: 22 TPD OR Agricultural Waste: 5 TPD OR Quantity Bio briquette: 22 TPD OR Bio briquette: 5 TPD OR Furnace oil: 10 TPD Furnace Oil: 2.5 TPD
11.4 Water Consumption
Additional requirement of fresh water will be fulfilled through borewell/ tanker. Aarav Fragrances has received Approval letter from CGWA (Letter no. 21-4(211)/ CR/ CGWA/ 2015- 2297 dated 11th December 2018 valid upto 29th September 2020) for withdrawal of 115.5 cmd of Ground water. Fresh water of 115.5 cmd & treated effluent of 39 cmd will be
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion used for proposed project. The total water consumption post establishment project will be 154.5 cmd.
11.5 Description of the Environment
Considering the local and regional setting of the area surrounding the plant facility, surrounding area of 10 km of the plant site is considered as study area for setting up environmental baseline to study/ predict the impacts in surroundings due to the proposed establishment project, as per MoEFCC guidelines. Environmental data monitoring was done during Winter of 2015-16 (Dec-15, Jan-16, Feb-16) for meteorology, air quality, water quality, noise levels and soil characteristics, by setting up monitoring stations as prescribed. Further, existing ecological and socioeconomic features were also studied.
11.5.1 Land Environment
The soil samples were collected at 8 locations having different land use. Soil texture of all sampling location is sandy in nature. The pH of soil samples ranging from 5.55 to 6.93. Electrical conductivity is in range of 0.002 µmhos/cm to 0.422 µmhos/cm. The potassium concentration is ranging from BDL to 357.4 kg/ha. The phosphate concentration is ranging from BDL to 0.19 kg/ha. The % TOC concentration was ranging from 0.42 % to 0.50 %. The soil is found to be low in nitrogen content. As per the results presented, Soil quality in the study area is good in terms of nutrient value but moderately acidic in nature at all locations which is expected considering the high rainfall in the area. This may result into reduced root growth, reduced nutrient availability, affect crop protectant activity. But for most agronomic crops the soil pH should be between 6.9-7.0. Hence it is not much of a concern. The electrical conductivity is low/average, soil has medium Organic carbon but has low Nitrogen content. Deficiency of Phosphorous, Potassium and Nitrogen generally seen from the results are to be taken care and accordingly fertilizers shall be required at time of green belt development and tree plantations. Otherwise, soil is good for tree plantation and green belt development.
11.5.2 Meteorology & Climate
The temperature data recorded in study area is ranging from 36.90C to 16.50C. From the wind rose graph it was observed that wind speed ranges from 0.5-2.1 m/s to ≥ 11.1 m/s. Out of total data 48.4% contributing as calm. The predominant wind direction is WWN, N, E during monitoring period.
11.5.3 Air Environment
The baseline air quality was established by monitoring major air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, and nMHC at eight locations (including onsite) in study area for 24 hours during period of winter 2015-16. The air quality was observed to be within the NAAQS norms for residential and rural area.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion
- Concentration of PM10 is varying from 40.8 μg/m3 to 78.9 μg/m3. The maximum concentration is mainly due to transportation / industrial activities/ quarrying activities within study area.
- Concentration of PM2.5 is varying from 30.8 μg/m3 to 39.5 μg/m3. The maximum concentration is mainly due to transportation (along Bhiwandi- Wada road) / quarrying activities within study area.
- Concentration of SO2 is varying from 10.2 μg/m3 to 14.3 μg/m3. The maximum concentration is mainly due to industrial activities in study area. - Concentration of NOx is varying from 10.9 μg/m3 to 14.0 μg/m3. NOx levels are higher due to industrial activity/ fairly high traffic along Bhiwandi Wada road. - Concentration of CO is varying from 0.41 mg/m3 to 1.38 mg/m3. The maximum concentration is mainly due to transportation & high traffic. - nMHC values are not detectable within study area
Concentration of air pollutants (like PM10, PM2.5 SO2, NOx, CO, nMHC etc.) is below the specified CPCB norms. Hence ambient air in the 10 km study zone is well within the norms laid down by CPCB. Thus, it can be concluded that ambient air quality in the area is not polluted.
11.5.4 Noise Environment
The onsite data was observed well within standard for Day & Night time. In Residential zone Day time results ranging from 59.5 dB(A) to 41.6 dB(A) & Night time results ranging from 37.2 to 59.8 dB(A). Out of 8 monitoring locations, values at 3 villages exceeded the standards. The higher noise levels in the study area can be attributed to industrial/ transportation/ quarrying activities. Data monitored onsite is within specified limits.
11.5.5 Water Environment
Ground water (Borewell water) was collected at 8 locations in study area. It is observed that ground water is slightly hard though within the permissible norms. Heavy metals are observed in some water samples. Samples are seen to have contamination of TAN probably due disposal of untreated sewage in the area and and/or high humic substances in soil. Samples also fail w.r.t E-coli and Coliform content and is not suitable for drinking. This may be due to disposal of untreated sewage in the area near the ground water source, use of well water for bathing and cleaning of utencils, animals, vehicles etc. From the analysis results, it is observed that ground water does not meet the criteria as per IS 10500:2012 for Drinking Water Quality. Surface water quality was monitored for Vaitarna River which is at a distance of about 3 km at North side of plot area. The sample was taken upstream and downstream of Vaitarna River with reference to site location.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion From the analysis results it can be observed that surface water has contamination of Coliform and is not suitable for drinking. This may be due to disposal of untreated sewage in the area and/or vehicle washing, animals bathing, cloth / utensil washings etc. Heavy metals are observed on higher side in surface water samples.
11.5.6 Biological Environment
Study area encompasses mostly part of Wada taluka. According to classification of Biogeographical zone of India, study area falls under ‘Western Ghats’. 18 villages in study area are listed as Ecological Sensitive Area, in directions under section 5 of Environment Protection Act 1986, dated 13th November 2013, draft notification dated 10th March 2014 and 4th September 2015 issued by MoEFCC. Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary a protected area under Wildlife Protection Act 1972 is located partially within study area (approx. 5.8 km to East). The proposed project neither requires Forest land nor any area in Tansa wildlife Sanctuary and will be carried out in existing plot held by Company. Field observations at the site shows the species planted in green belt are mostly showy and inappropriate from noise, air pollution abatement point of view.
11.5.7 Socio Economic Environment
79 villages & 2 census town falls under study area from Wada tehsil of Thane district. Socio- economic survey was conducted in 21 villages of the study area located in all directions & distances with reference to the proposed project site.
As per 2011 census record: - Total population of the study area is 1,06,566 out of which 55,673 (52%) are males and 50,893 (48%) are females - There are 24,021 households in the study area with average family size is 4.4 persons per household. - Sex ratio within study area is 914 females per 1000 male which is higher as compared with 2001 census data. - Literacy rate of the study area has increased from 63% in 2001 to 66%. The male and female literacy rates are 73% and 60% respectively.
Observations from site survey: Majority of respondents opined positively regarding industrial development activity since they are aware industries provide employment opportunities in skilled & semi-skilled works. 4 surveyed villages i.e. Lakhmapur, Kone, Varale & Kambare expressed negative impact of industrialization mainly due to nearby operating industries. Main concern of these villages that pollution problem should be sorted out by authorities and industrialists by well-planned precautionary measures for pollution. Villagers expressed
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion that the industrial activity should be beneficial in terms of local employment so that the standard of living of nearby population will enhance & suitably will develop the area. Along with local recruitment villagers also expecting the development of infrastructural facilities in the form of roads, drainage line, health facilities, irrigation facility, library, godown (storehouse or room) for crops & cold storage facility for vegetables, street light & tree plantation etc.
11.6 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Environmental impact identification & Mitigation measures is based on the type, scale and location of proposed project activity. Environmental components that may be affected negatively and positively due to proposed activity are identified. Environment parameters are selected for impact assessment due to proposed activity during various phases. The maximum impacts during Construction & Operation phase were listed below:
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion Table 3 Anticipated Impacts & Mitigation measures for different phases of project
Sr. Environmental Step/Activity Anticipated Impact Suggested Mitigation Measures No. Aspect 1.0 Construction Land Generation of Solid waste/ Segregation of Solid waste & Hazardous waste/ Phase Environment Improper disposal method Separate storage for solid waste/ Disposal of solid waste as per MPCB norms Air Dust generation/ emission of Dust suppression & Water sprinkling system for Environment SO2, NOx, CO from Dust generating area/ Proper maintenance of construction activities equipment's & vehicles Noise From loading, unloading of Use of damping material/ Regular maintenance of Environment material/ Equipment equipment/ Isolation of noise generating handling/ Noise generating equipment/ equipment Water Exploitation of ground water Fresh water requirement will be fulfilled from Environment of 10- 12 cmd / Improper existing borewell. Sewage of ~5 cmd will be disposal of sewage disposed off properly/ reused for green belt. Biological Generation of dust/ Improper Existing green belt will be developed suitably. Environment disposal of sewage/ Sewage will be disposed off properly & reused for green belt. Socio Economic Employment generation/ Approx. 50-60 no. of persons will be employed Environment Health of workers from nearby area for construction phase. Adequate provision of PPE/ Suitable infrastructure facilities for workers 2.0 Operation Phase Land Generation of Solid waste & Non-Hazardous & Hazardous waste will be Environment Total Hazardous waste of 60 segregated & stored in designated storage area. TPM requiring disposal Hazardous waste will be disposed off as per CPCB/ MPCB norms. Air Emission of TPM & flue gases Boiler & Thermic Fluid heater will be provided Environment from Boiler & Thermic Fluid with adequate Stack height & air pollution control heater/ Fugitive emission/ system (scrubbers). Regular monitoring of stacks Increase in conc. of SO2 as per MPCB/ CPCB norms. From the air emission: 2.1 µg/m3
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion Sr. Environmental Step/Activity Anticipated Impact Suggested Mitigation Measures No. Aspect Increase in conc. of NOx modelling study, it is observed that flue gas emission: 1.26 µg/m3 emission is within permissible standard. Increase in conc. of PM10 emission: 0.72 µg/m3 VOCs Increase in VOC levels due to Company will have strict VOC control through use increased handling/ of: Mechanical seals on pumps and agitators, processing of organic closed loop sampling, RD provided upstream of chemicals and storages PRV and discharging into common header going to scrubber, all process vents to be provided with condensers with chilled brine for condensation Noise From loading, unloading of Isolation of vibrating units & equipment/ Regular Environment material/ Operation of pumps maintenance of equipment's/ Use of vibration & machineries dampening/ Adequate PPE for workers Water Exploitation of ground water/ Fresh water will be sourced from existing Environment Effluent generation, borewell for which NOC from CGWA received. treatment & disposal Water conservation measures: Effluent will be segregated, treated & recycled in order to have ZERO liquid discharge ETP at site will be upgrade to provide Two stage aeration tank and high TDS effluent will be evaporated RWH plan developed which will recharge ground water table. RWH scheme will harvest conservatively 12,000 m3 of incident rainfall annually Biological Emission of pollutant/ Solid & 41,481.65 sq. m of area will be developed as Green Environment Hazardous waste generation/ belt. Green belt will be developed to provide Effluent generation & disposal screening effect. 1000 No. of local indigenous species of Trees will be planted as part of green belt development.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion Sr. Environmental Step/Activity Anticipated Impact Suggested Mitigation Measures No. Aspect Socio Economic Employment generation/ Approx. 100-125 nos. of persons will be employed Environment Health of workers during operation phase. Preferences shall be given to local employment. CER budget of Rs. 20 Lakhs. Proposed project will result in Increased taxes to local Gram panchayat
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion 11.7 Environment Monitoring Program
For tracking of the effectiveness of mitigation measures & EMP at specific interval, regular monitoring of the necessary environmental parameters is required. • Regular monitoring through MoEFCC recognized laboratory for compliance with conditions of EC, Consent to operate and provisions under Factory Act & Environmental Protection Act • Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the methods/guidelines provided by MoEFCC/ CPCB and /or relevant Indian Standards or methods as specified by Standard Methods • Assessment of the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during the project operation/activities. • Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental condition to plan additional mitigation measures; if & as required.
11.8 Additional Studies
11.8.1 Safety and risk assessment studies
Safety and risk assessment studies have been conducted for principal storage tanks and chemicals proposed to be handled onsite (OSBL tanks). The calculations of F & EI and Recommendations are done for the Acetic acid, FO, Dicyclopentadiene, Pentanol, Propionaldehyde tanks. The degree of hazards is tabulated based on F & E I, Mond index. Systematic study based on ALOHA has been carried out for Pentanol, FO, Propionaldehyde, acetic acid, dicyclopentadiene etc. The details of consequence analysis studies have been presented in the EIA chapter 7 which shows that some risk contours (representing damage distances during worst accident scenarios are going out of factory premises). The precautions to be taken and recommendation for safe operations are mentioned at site. Company has committed to comply with suggested recommendation.
11.8.2 Public Hearing
Public hearing was conducted on 26th July 2017 at 11.30 hrs at proposed site of Aarav fragrances & Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Village Jamghar- lakhmapur, Wada. An advertisement for Public Hearing was issued by MPCB, published in Marathi daily newspaper “Dainik Sakal” & “Pudhari” and English newspaper “Dainik Free Press Journal” on 22nd June 2017. Draft EIA report and the executive summary in English and Local language Marathi were made available electronically at the website of MPCB (http://mpcb.gov.in/) & to Public hearing panel & respective Grampanchayat.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 11 –Summary & Conclusion The proceedings of public hearing (Minutes of Meeting issued by MPCB) is attached as Annexure 7.9. The issues raised during public hearing & reply answers to issues have been presented in section 7.7.4.
11.9 Project Benefits
• Project will result in benefit to the country in form of foreign exchange revenues, duties etc. • Enhanced production will also result in increased taxes to local gram panchayat and State Exchequer. • Manpower requirement during Construction phase will be approximately 50-60 No. of persons from nearby local area • Manpower requirement during Operation phase will be approximately 100-125 No. of Persons from nearby local area • Further, the indirect employment via increased transportation, ancillary units & local economic activities with enhances spending power will also add in the employment potential. • Indirect improvement in public infrastructure through CER activities carried by Aarav Fragrances & Flavors with enhances spending power will help to improve the overall quality of life in study area.
11.10 Environment Management Plan
The plan incorporates environment management measures during construction and operation phases. The capital outlay for environmental control & management measures estimated to be Rs. 98.5 lakhs. Aarav Fragrances proposes Rs. 20 Lakhs for CER activities.
11.11 Conclusion:
The study for the proposed project of AFFPL at Jamghar- Lakhmapur has revealed that the upcoming activities of synthetic organic chemicals will have some minimal impacts during operation phase. All other impacts of the project will remain far below acceptable limits after necessary mitigation as described & suggested in EIA report. The major impacts will also be brought under acceptable limits by implementing the required hazard prevention & control measures as suggested in the report. Thus, it has been concluded that there would not be any major impacts on environment due to the proposed project.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Aarav Fragrances and Flavors Pvt. Ltd., Wada Chapter 12–Disclosure of Consultants Engaged DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Name : ADITYA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PVT. LTD. Reg. Office : 107, Hiren Light Indl. Estate, Mogul Lane, Mahim, Mumbai – 400016 Phone No. : 022 42127500 Email id : [email protected] Central Lab : P-1, MIDC Mohopada, P.O. Rasayani, Dist. Raigad Pin 410207 Phone No. : 02192 252008 Email id : [email protected] Goa : 08322652456 Ahmedabad : 079 40063271 Branches : Pune : 915802585 Delhi : 011 64595949 Baroda : 02652331790 Accreditation : 1. ‘A’ Category EIA Consultancy Organization by QCI-NABET Obtained 2. Recognized by MoEFCC as “Environmental Laboratory” vide S.O.No. 1190 (E) dt. 01.05.2014 valid up to 30.04.2019 3. ISO 9001:2008 Certified 4. OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Services : Environmental planning studies Offered by Policy planning studies for CPCB, MPCB and other agencies like World AESPL Bank. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) & Environment Management Plan (EMP) Risk Analysis Studies & On Site/Off Site Emergency Management Plan. Environment Health & Safety audits & Due Diligence audits Effluent Characterization & Treatability Studies Project Management Consultancy for Effluent Treatment Plants Ventilation, work room air quality surveys Air pollution control system design Analytical Services covering entire spectrum of environmental analysis ➢ Ambient air monitoring ➢ Ambient noise level monitoring ➢ Ground & Surface water analysis ➢ Soil analysis ➢ Marine water & sediment analysis ➢ Ecological & Biodiversity surveys ➢ Socio-economic surveys ➢ Hydro-geological surveys Coastal engineering & coastal process studies & management plans Website : www.aespl.co.in
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