 Early internal combustion  A Belgian – French engineer, developed an internal combustion in 1858.

 Earlier designs had been patented but none were commercially successful.

 The engine burned a mixture of coal gas and air.

 Ignited by a “jumping sparks” ignition system.

 Inefficient, only 4% efficiency, but Lenoir was able to produce an automobile using the engine – the first in the world (1860).

 Most applications were as a stationary power plant, about 700 engines were eventually sold.

Belgium 1986: Lenoir and Belgium 1955: Lenoir and Monaco 2010: Lenoir and the first automobile engine internals his  Otto tested a replica of the Lenoir engine in 1861 and recognized the importance of compression on he fuel charge but was then unable to create an engine that would compress the mixture prior to ignition.  In 1864 Otto and Eugen Langen succeeded in creating a successful atmospheric engine with 12% efficiency, and founded the first internal combustion engine company, Otto and Cie. Renamed Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz in 1869.  By 1876 Otto and Eugen created an internal combustion engine with compression at far higher efficiency than any previous engine. Nicolaus Otto  This was a large stationary, single-cylinder, internal combustion, four stroke engine, now known as the engine, still running on coal gas.  About 50,000 of these engines were produced in the 17 years following introduction.  Otto had no interest in transportation, and engines for transportation were perfected by others such as Daimler

Germany 1952: 75th Germany 1964: German Science Anniv. of 4-cycle and Technology: engine: Otto with Otto’s internal combustion engine in background atmospheric engine

Germany 1992: 100 year of German Federation of Mozambique 1982: Fuel Conservation Engine Construction and Installations (VDMA) Campaign – this value shows the Otto Showing the of 1892 engine together with a fuel drop and funnel Schleidher, Schumm and Co were licensee for the Otto four cycle gas engine, in the United States

Letter posted Chicago to Missisippi c.1884 bearing a 1c Franklin stamp (1881 Re-engraved die)

Cover from 8 page catalogue from c.1884

Catalogue includes a description of the apparatus, dimensions, a price list and testimonials and references from many organisations in USA Page 5 of the 8 page catalogue from c.1884

Illustration shows use of Otto gas engine to operate a lift Envelope posted Chicago to Fairfield, Iowa, Feb 1893 bearing Columbus 2c stamp.

Includes a “return to sender” image of the Otto Gas Engine designed to resemble a postage stamp and postmark.