Supporng Your Claims Evidence The CONFIRMATION I. YOUR CLAIM (also called thesis, issue, contenon, stand, soluon)

 The Three Appeals  Evidence Evidence

The key to sucess Examples

 Known Facts  Obama is the President

 Shared Beliefs  Bullying is wrong

 Common Knowledge  Lady Gaga is a pop-singer

 Tesmony of experts  The hikers jailed in Iran are guilty

 Stascs and Samples  1 in 5 people like strawberry beer than blackberry jelly  Observaon  I watched the plane crashed into the Potomac River on Dec. 11, 2009 The Refutaon 1. Concession or Accommodaon; yes, not everyone is in agreement with the claim and some of the opposions points are valid, can be accommodated, are useful…

I think handguns should be outlawed, not rifles…

2. Rebual

State the opposions point

Negate it

Analyze it and reveal flaws Example

State the opposions point: In her arcle, Professor Pearson states that Barriers on the are necessary to prevent suicide.

Negate it: While it would seem logical that barriers could reduce the number of people able to commit suicide by jumping from the GG Bridge, it is important to know that this is not the case. Analyze it and reveal flaws

Analyze and reveal flaws: Pearson’s assumpons are not based on research or past findings. In fact, research has shown that a suicidal person will find another ways to commit suicide when one means is taken away (Smith, 17). “THIS; Therefore, THAT”

 While Pearson’s arguments are convincing, they fail to consider….

 While Pearson’s arguments are convincing, they must also consider…

 Pearson’s arguments, rather than being convincing, instead prove…

 While Pearson, Smith and Coggin agree, in my opinion…

 Although it is oen true that barriers keep people off things, in my opinion… “Being Green at Ben & Jerry’s” (CI 105) George F. Will,

 Title:

 Subtle:

 Paragraph 1 & 2:  Thesis  1. ethos  2 pathos  3. logos  Inducve /deducve  Paragraph 3, 4, 5, 6:

 ethos

 Pathos

 Logos  Deducve  Inducve

Evidence for his claim: Opposion: Your Assignment: DUE WED State your Claim:

 Subclaim=  Subclaim=

 Evidence  Evidence

 Appeal  Appeal

• Subclaim= • Evidence • Appeal

 EVIDENCE. The Empire State Building, the Duomo, St. Peter’s Basilica, and Sydney Harbor Bridge were all suicide magnets before barriers were erected on them. So were Mt. Mihara, a volcano in Japan (more than six hundred people jumped into it in 1936 alone); the Arroyo Seco Bridge, in Pasadena; and the Eiffel Tower. At Prince Edward Viaduct, in Toronto, the site of nearly five hundred fatal jumps, engineers just finished construcng a four-million-dollar “luminous veil” of stainless- steel rods above the railing. At all of these places, aer the barriers were in place the number of jumpers declined to a handful, or to zero

 Appeals? The GG Barrier Debate connued EVIDENCE:

 Survivors oen regret their decision in midair, if not before. Ken Baldwin and Kevin Hines both say they hurdled over the railing, afraid that if they stood on the chord they might lose their courage. Baldwin was twenty-eight and severely depressed on the August day in 1985 when he told his wife not to expect him home ll late. “I wanted to disappear,” he said. “So the Golden Gate was the spot. I’d heard that the water just sweeps you under.” On the bridge, Baldwin counted to ten and stayed frozen. He counted to ten again, then vaulted over. “I sll see my hands coming off the railing,” he said. As he crossed the chord in flight, Baldwin recalls, “I instantly realized that everything in my life that I’d thought was unfixable was totally fixable—except for having just jumped.”

 Kevin Hines was eighteen when he took a municipal bus to the bridge one day in September, 2000. Aer treang himself to a last meal of Starbursts and Skiles, he paced back and forth and sobbed on the bridge walkway for half an hour. No one asked him what was wrong. A beauful German tourist approached, handed him her camera, and asked him to take her picture, which he did. “I was like, ‘Fuck this, nobody cares,’ ” he told me. “So I jumped.” But aer he crossed the chord, he recalls, “My first thought was What the hell did I just do? I don’t want to die.”

 If there were barriers, people would have me to think about this decision. Suicides are ambivalent. A higher barrier would prohibit impulsive acts. People are confused and need me to get help.

Appeals? Evidence: There is a fatal grandeur to the place. Like Paul Alarab, who lived and worked in the East Bay, several people have crossed the Bay Bridge to jump from the Golden Gate; there is no record of anyone traversing the Golden Gate to leap from its unlovely sister bridge. Dr. Richard Seiden, a professor emeritus at the University of at Berkeley’s School of Public Health and the leading researcher on suicide at the bridge, has wrien that studies reveal “a commonly held atude that romancizes suicide from the Golden Gate Bridge in such terms as aesthecally pleasing and beauful, while regarding a Bay Bridge suicide as tacky.” Unlike the Bay Bridge—or most bridges, for that maer—the Golden Gate has a footpath adjacent to a low exterior railing. “Jumping from the bridge is seen as sure, quick, clean, and available—which is the most potent factor,” Dr. Jerome Moo, a local psychiatrist and suicide expert, says. “It’s like having a loaded gun on your kitchen table.”

Appeal? Refutaon

Rebual Rebual

 Another factor is cost, which would  A familiar argument against a barrier seem parcularly important now that the Bridge District has a projected five- is that thwarted jumpers will simply year shorall of more than two go elsewhere. hundred million dollars. Yet, in October, construcon will be  However, study aer study in The completed on a fiy-four-inch-high steel barrier between the walkway and Naonal Journal of Health has the adjacent traffic lanes which is proven that suicidal individuals will meant to prevent bicyclists from not try another aempt when their veering into traffic. No cyclist has ever been killed; Clearly they have money primary means is taken away (Ross, to spend on public safety issues. 13) references

New Yorker

LETTER FROM CALIFORNIA

Jumpers

The fatal grandeur of the Golden Gate Bridge. by Tad Friend

OCTOBER 13, 2003

Read more hp://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/10/13/031013fa_fact? printable=true#ixzz1YLrHw7oR