The Cazneauxs

The Ancestors of Dick Sinith The Cazneauxs

The Ancestors of Dick Smith

CoraNum First published 2002

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ISBN 0 9580599 1 8

Published by Cora Num 17 Pendred Street Pearce ACT 2607 e-mail [email protected] Web site at http://www.coraweb.com.au/

Cover Illustration Harold Pierce Cazneaux (1878-1953) and Mabel Winifred Hodge (1882-1970) Katoomba NSW, Easter 1900. Table of Contents

Cazneau Origins 1 Edward Lancelott Cazneau (1808-1856) 12 Margaret Sharpe (cl817-1893) 16 Pierce Mott Cazneau ( 1849-1928) 25 Joan Cazneaux (1916-2004) 35 Richard Bentley (1815-1875) 44 John Hodge (1829-1888) 48 William Marshall Short (c1813-1884) 54 Bibliography 60 Index 65 Cazneaux Family Chart 67 Introduction

After having undertaken research and documented my paternal family's origins back to the First Fleet in the book entitled A Line of Smiths - The Ancestors of Dick Smith, the need to then discover the derivations of my mother's ancestors saw me again undertake the services of professional genealogist, Cora Num.

We discovered the Cazneaux family can trace its origins back to Paix Cazneau who came from a province in the south of France. Paix was forced to flee France because of the religious persecution sometime around 1685 and settled in Massachusetts, America.

Cazneau has been spelt in a variety of ways over the years including Cazneau, Cazanian, Cazineau, Caxeneau, Cazenove, Cassaneau, Casno and Cusenoe and of course as my maternal grandfather's spelling - Cazneaux.

I would like to thank the members of my family who assisted Cora in the research of this book, in particular, my cousin Sally Garrett and my mother Joan.

Dick Smith September 2002 Cazneau Origins

The Cazneau family can trace its origins back to Paix Cazneau from the Languedoc province in the south of France. 1 Over the years the surname has been spelt various ways including Cazneau, Cazneaux, Cazanian, Cazineau, Caxeneau, Cazenave, Cassaneau, Casno and Cusenoe. Paix Cazneau left France sometime around 1685 and settled in Massachusetts, America. He was one of over a quarter of a million who were forced to fleeFrance because of religious persecution.

During the 16th and 17th centuries many Protestants, or dissenters from the Church of Rome, in France suffered severe persecution for their faith. This persecution existed until King Henry IV of France signed the Edict of Nantes in 1598. This granted li:µiited freedom of worship and was the first official recognition of religious freedom in Europe. When King Henry died the new king, Louis XIV, cancelled the Edict in 1685 and persecution resumed. Many of the Protestants were left with little choice but to flee France. Many of the families that left France in 1685 spent many years in nations such as England, Ireland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, or Germany, sometimes moving from one nation to another before deciding to settle in North America in the early 1700s.

These French Protestants, or members of the Reformed Church, were known as Huguenots and followingthe cancellation of the Edict thousands of Huguenots leftFrance. It was not until the Edict of Tolerance in 1787 that religious freedom in France was restored. The origin of the name Huguenot is unclear. One version is that it is derived from Hugeon, a word used in Touraine to signify persons who walk at night, an indication that Huguenots only safeplace of worship for one hundred years had been dark caves and the blue vault of the heavens.2

Many of these French Protestants became the founders, or early settlers, of such places in America as Oxford, Massachusetts; Narragansett in Rhode Island; New Amsterdam, New Rochelle and New Paltz in New York; the Santee River and the Orange Quarter in South Carolina; Manakin-Town in Virginia and a host of other sites in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and South Carolina. In many cases they established permanent settlements long before the arrival of 3 the first English colonists.

Paix Cazneau was one of the thousands of Huguenots who fled France in 1685. It appears that he left the French port of La Rochelle as a single man with other Huguenot families. It is not known exactly when or how he arrived in the United States but he was part of a small group of thirty French Huguenots from La Rochelle, in the province of Saintonge, that founded the Oxford colony at Johnson's Plains, Massachusetts around 1686.4

The town of Oxford is situated in the southern central part of Worcester County, eleven miles from Worcester. In 1892 the estimated area of Oxford was about 25 square miles or 16,400 acres.

1 Before 1789 France was divided into about forty provinces. The French revolutionary government reorganized France into around 100 new territorial divisions called departments. Languedoc province became Herault Department. Today the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France consists of five departments, Aude, Gard, Herault, Lozere and Pyrenees-Orientales. 2 Internetsite - WATSON James Tompkins, Experiences of the French Huguenots in America: The King's Refugees. .3 Internet site - BURNS Brenda, Tracing Our Roots. 4 Internetsite - Massachusetts Local Historyand Genealogy. Oxford is in Worcester County and was firstcreated in 1 731 from counties Middlesex and Suffolk. It is located in central Massachusetts with boundaries extending north to the state of New Hampshire and south to the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island. 1 Around 1630, when Boston was settled, the area was known as Nipmuck Country. Oxford was part of SuffolkCounty until the County of Worcester was established in 1731. 5

In 1892 George F Daniels published the book titled History of the Town of Oxford, Massachusetts where he records that the French settlers 'had been driven out of their native land on account of the religion and had taken refuge in London.6 It was during the summer and autumn of 1686 and the winter following that most of these immigrants arrived at Boston and according to Rev. Charles W Baird, author of Historyof the Huguenot Emigration to America, they went to Oxfordin 1687. 7

The French Huguenot settlers were recruited in London by Isaac Bertrand DuTuffeau who was employed as an agent for Gabriel Bernon who had negotiated with Mr Thompson, an original grantee of Oxford, to arrange for thirty families to settle in the area. This settlement was a condition of Thompson's grant. 8

Bernon and DuTuffeaureceived a grant of 2,500 acres from Dudley & Company. The land allocated to the pair was in the southeast corner of the village plot. Bernon held 1,750 acres with the balance of 750 acres going to DuTuffeau who later became indebted to Bernon. When he left the colony Bernon took possession of his portion of the land.9

The Huguenot settlement at Oxford was made near the stream east of the present day Main street. Most of the houses were built on the western side of the stream because the banks were higher. Houses were clustered around the grist mill built by Caleb Church in 1689. A fort or stronghold, 105 feet by 75 feet, built of rough surface stones without mortar and surmounted by logs with loopholes for defence was situated on a hill that overlooked the surrounding countryside. The church and burial ground also contained a stockade for refuge in case of an Indian attack during a service.10

The early Huguenot settlers lived a subsistence lifestyle based on agriculture and this was supplemented by fish that abounded in the rivers and ponds, and game from the surrounding woods. Gabriel Bernon initiated the production of naval stores (pitch and tar) from the nearby forests and this was to be sold in London. Wagons were used to transport goods to and from Boston. 11

There is little known about the progress of the colony as all the official papers were taken by the pastor, Daniel Bondet, when he left the settlement after eight or nine years. These papers have never been recovered and are believed to have been burnt. All that remains are a few miscellaneous papers held by the state archives. 12

Charles Baird, author of History of the Huguenot Emigration to America mentions that Jean Germon or Germaine of Tremblade and Paix Cassaneau [sic] of Cazneau of Lanuedoc were part of

5 DANIELS George F, History of the Town of Oxford, Massachusetts, pages 1 and 3. 6 Ibid page 10. 7 Ibid page 11. 8 Ibid page 10. 9 Ibid page 10. 10 Ibid page 11. 11 Ibid page 24. 12 Ibid page 11. 2 13 the Oxford settlement. Paix Cazneau lived in the house, formerlyoccupied by Isaac DuTuffeau and adjacent to the Johnson family. 14

In the summer of 1693 Indians fromthe north attacked several settlements and grave fearswere held for the safety of the Oxford colony which then numbered 70 to 80 persons. As a result of these fears the local Indians of Tohkokomoowadchunt (Kekamoochong adjoining Oxford) were "drawn into the town of Woodstock to be under the watch of the English."

During 1694 there were 'incidents' when several children disappeared from Oxford but the settlement remained until late August 1696 when the massacre of the Johnson family by Indians prompted the remaining inhabitants to pack their possessions and move to a place of safety.15

The Johnson family home stood on the southern outskirts of the village near the Woodstock trail. Paix Cazneau lived nearby. On the afternoon of 25 August 1696 Indians entered the Johnson house, seized the children Andrew, Peter and Mary Johnson and ruthlessly crushed their heads against the stones of the fireplace. Their mother fled the house and attempted to find her husband who had gone to Woodstock on business. She did not find him and when he returned to his home he was also slain by the Indians. After burying the family the settlers packed their belongings and left the settlement 16 never to return. Most of the Huguenot settlers went to Boston.

Paix Cazneau settled in Boston where he worked as a felt maker. Much of the Cazneau family history in America was documented by Harriet Elizabeth Cazneau (1857-1917). Copies of her undated typescript are held by family members and the New England Historic Genealogical Society in Boston. Harriet states that Paix Cazneau and his future wife Margaret Germaine travelled to America aboard the same ship. 17 Efforts to identify the ship of arrival have been unsuccessful.

I Paix Cazneau ( -1720) m Margaret GermaineI � I Isaac Cazneau (1697-177 4) m Hannah Johnson I � I Isaac Cazneau (1729-17 87) m Elizabeth Lash I � !Andrew Cazneau(l766-1833) m Magaret Cazneaul � I Isaac Cazneau (1812-1891) m Nancy Heard I � Harriot Elizabeth Cazneau (1857-1917) unmarried

Table 1 -Line of Descent - Harriot Elizabeth Cazneau (1857-1917)

13 DANIELS George F, History of the Town of Oxford, Massachusetts, page 24. 14 Ibid page 23 . 15 Ibid page 13. 16 Ibid page 14 . 17 CAZNEAU Harriot Elizabeth (1857-1917), The Cazneau Family in America. An undated typescript. 3 Paix Cazneau married Margaret Germaine in Massachusetts, the exact date and place is unknown but it is believed to have been around 1696 in Boston. Margaret, the daughter of Isaac and Mary 18 19 Germaine was born in La Tremblade, Saintonge province, France on 12 December 1671. Margaret arrived in America with her father and her sister, Mary, who was born at La Tremblade on 2 March 1680.20 21 Mary later married Andre Sigourney about 1701 in Boston. Their mother, Mary, died on the voyage to America. Her father settled fora short time at Oxford but then went to New York.22

Paix and Margaret Cazneau had a family of four children. Their first child, Isaac Cazneau was born in Boston on 10 June 1697. The other three children were also born in Boston, Mary in 1701, 2 Susanna, birth date unknown and a son Peace in 1707. 3

It is believed that the Cazneau family resided in Roxbury. This village was one of a group of six villages, including Boston, on the Shawmut Peninsula and was originally founded by the English settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Company. It was three miles south of Boston along the only land route to the peninsula. 24

On 6 May 1713 Paix and his son Isaac Cazneau of Roxbury (names recorded as Paase and Isaac Cusenoe) purchased land, a dwelling house and barn in Wrentham from Jonathan Wright of Wrentham.25 Wrentham is in County Norfolk about 25 miles southwest of Boston and 197 miles fromNew York City.

Paix Cazneau died in Boston on 21 June 1720. His death was registered in the City of Boston as 26 Pesse Cazens. His place of burial is not recorded and there is no record of any probate records being left.

Paix's widow Margaret Casno [sic] purchased a house and land in Boston on Scott Alley from Jacob and Rebecca Royal on 20 June 1726.27 This property remained in the family for many years. The heirs oflsaac Cazneau, Margaret's son, sold their right in this land on 21 November 1785 while Margaret's grandson, Susanna's son, Adam Dechezeau, sold his right in the one quarterthat was his

18 Before 1789 France was divided into about forty provinces. The French revolutionary government reorganized France into around 100 new territorial divisions called departments. La Tremblade, Saintonge province is in Charente-Maritime department. Today Saintonge is part of the Poitou-Charentes region of France and consists of four departments, Charantes, Charentes-Maritine, Deux Sevres and Vienne. 19 Family Search, International Genealogical Index, films #184224, 183568, 455464. 20 There is conflicting evidence relating to her father's name some sources have Jean and others Isaac. I have 'gone with' Isaac as this is the name given on Margaret and Mary's birth record on Family Search. Also Paix and Margaret named their eldest son Isaac. 21 Family Search, International Genealogical Index, films #184224, 183568, 455464. 22 CAZNEAU Patrick Lee, The Cazneau Family in America, Copy dated, 22 December 1986, page 1. 23 LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, page 128. 24 Internet site - Boston Online: Roxbury History. 25 LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, page 127. Sourced as Suffolk CountyDeeds 27: 130. 26 Ibid, page 127. Note that a typescript copy of 'Deaths Registered in the City of Boston 1700-1800' is held at the Boston City Archives. 27 Ibid, page 127. Sourced as SuffolkCounty Deeds 39:289. 4 28 mother's right, on 13 October 1789. The remaining rights stayed in the family until 21 December 29 1795 when they were passed to Edward Power.

Margaret later moved to Wrentham, Norfolk County, Massachusetts. It is believed that she moved to Wrentham to be near her daughter Mary who married Timothy Metcalf at Wrentham on 5 30 December 1721. Margaret Cazneau died in Wrentham in April 1769, aged 97 years. Her obituary appeared in the Boston Evening Post on 17 April 1769.

We hear from Wrentham, that last Week died there Mrs. Margaret Cazneau, in her 98th Year of her Age. She was born at Rochelle, and was one of the Refugees who left France in 1686, when Lewis XIV revoked the famous Edict of Nantz, by which impolitic Step his protestant Subjects were debarred the free Exercise of their Religion, and 50,000 of them were obliged to quit the Kingdom and embarked for England, where they were hospitably Received by James II...... Fresh troubles breaking out in England shortly after, she with a Number of others left that Kingdom and came to America. Notwithstanding the extreme Hardships she sustained in the infant Settlement of this Country, she enjoyed a remarkable State of Health till within a few Months of her Decease, and perfectly remembered the arbitrary Proceedings of that parallelled Incendiary Governor Andross, and the Disturbance consequence thereon. There are now living of her Posterity 57 Children, Grandchildren & Great Grand-Children. 31

The Cazneau family in Australia can trace their line of descent from Paix and Margaret's eldest son Isaac Cazneau who was born in Boston on 10 June 1697. Isaac married Hannah Johnson in Boston on 22 September 1726.32 Hannah, the daughter of Joseph Johnson, a mariner of Boston and Anna nee Belcher, was born in Boston on 30 March 1707.33

Isaac Cazneau was a saddler by trade and, by all accounts, was committed to his local community. On 8 March 1730 he was chosen to be constable for the town of Boston. He declined the position and was excused from serving. He was again chosen and declined on 14 March 1736.34 At town meetings held on 9 March 1746, 12 March 1753 and 11 March 1754 he was sworn as Clerk of the Market and he was also chosen as Sealer of Leather on 8 March 1762.

Isaac was also recruited as a member of the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company in 1744. In 1747 he became fourth sergeant and was appointed third sergeant in 1755. He was also a captain in the Boston militia.35

28 LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, page 128. Sourced as SuffolkCounty Deeds 182: 168 and 181 :259. 29 CAZNEAU Patrick Lee, The Cazneau Family in America, Copy dated 22 December 1986, page 2. 3 ° Family Search, International Genealogical Index, batch #500111, source 0014794, vol 2. 31 LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, page 126. Ann's research identified 3 children, 21 grandchildren and 31 great-grandchildren who were alive plus another possible seven grandchildren and great-grandchildren, a total of 62. 32 CAZNEAU Patrick Lee, The Cazneau Family in America, Copy dated 22 December 1986, page 2. 33 Family Search, International Genealogical Index, batch #C502202, source 0014734, vol 24. 34 LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, page 128. Sourced as A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, 12 (1885): 20, 153, 14 (1885): 110, 229, 248, 16 (1886):70. 35 ROBERTS Oliver Ayer, History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Boston 1897, pages 29-30, 99. 5 A serious fire broke out in Boston on 20 March 1760 with almost four hundred buildings lost including an empty dwelling house owned by Isaac. He listed his real estate loss at £166 13s 4d and 36 his personal loss at £414 4d.

Isaac owned several pieces of property including one, bought on 15 March 1744, on the east side of 37 Devonshire Street between State and Water Streets, Boston. Another property was on the southeast comer of Essex and Oxford Streets. This property he purchased from his father in law, Joseph Johnson on 20 March 1745 and Isaac sold it to his son in law, Thomas Bayley on 10 September 1767. He also purchased a property on the north side of Water Street on 6 September 1764.38 He also had associations with Wrentham. He is recorded as owning thirty two acres of land and buildings. This is possibly the land that his father purchased in 1713. Isaac lived on the comer of Spring Lane and Mariborough Street and Washington Street where the Journal building now stands. 39 Isaac Cazneau died on 8 May 1774 in Boston.

IPaix Cazneau ( -1720) m Margaret Germaine I � !Isaac Cazneau (1697-1774) m Hannah Johnson I � !Benjamin Belcher Cazneau (1744-1820) m Ann D'Arcyl � Benjamin Belcher Cazneau (1784- ) m Alice Lancelott � I Edward Lancelott Cazneau (1808-1856) m Margaret Sharpe I

Table 2 - Line of Descent - Australian Cazneau Families

Isaac and Hannah Cazneau had a family of eleven children, three girls and eight boys. It is the descendants of the ninth child, Benjamin Belcher Cazneau, who emigrated to Australia. Benjamin was born on 18 July 1744 in Boston, Massachusetts.40 Benjamin relocated to Liverpool, Lancashire, England where he became a prosperous merchant involved in the West India trade with his older brother Joseph (b 1735). Benjamin married twice. His first marriage took place, in England, around 1779 to Ann D'Arcy. Ann died in 1819 and Benjamin was later remarried to Ann Chantrell. There were no children of the second marriage. Benjamin Cazneau died on 7 May 1820.41 No further details are known.

Benjamin and his first wife,Ann, had a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters. Their third child, a son also named Benjamin Belcher, was christened on 27 May 1784 at St Nicholas, 42 43 Liverpool. He married Alice Lancelott at St Peter, Church Street, Liverpool on 24 January 1808 . 36 LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, A Report of the Record Commissioners of the Cityof Boston, 37 page 129. Sourced as 29 (1900):90, 124. Ibid, page 129. Sourced as SuffolkCounty Deeds 69:243. 38 Ibid,page 129. SourcedasSuflolkCountyDeeds72:21; 111:76; 85:253. 39 CAZNEAU Patrick Lee, The Cazneau Family in America, Manuscript copy sent to Rainbow Johnson. Dated 22 December 1986, page 2. 4 ° FarnilySearch, International Genealogical Index, batch #C502202. 41 42 Descendant Sally Garrett, 9 January 2002. International Genealogical Index, 43 FamilySearch, batch #C005993. FamilySearch, International Genealogical Index, batch #M020955. 6 Edward Lancelott Cazneau (qv) born about 1808 was their eldest child and it was Edward's widow Margaret nee Sharpe (qv) who emigrated to Australia in 1857 with her five sons.

Name: Paix Cazneau

Birth: Place: Languedoc Province, France Death: 21 Jun 1720 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Father: Mother: Marriage: abt 1696 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA?

Spouse: Margaret Germaine

Birth: 12 Dec 1671 Place: La Tremblade, Saintonge Province, France Death: Apr 1769 Place: Wrentham, Massachusetts, USA Father: Isaac Germaine Mother: Mary Germaine (MNU)

Children:

IM: Isaac Cazneau Birth: 10 Jun 1697 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 8 May 1774 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Hannah Johnson Marriage: 22 Sep 1726 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

2 F: Mary Cazneau Birth: abt 1701 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 2 Jui 1770 Place: Wrentham, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Timothy Metcalf Marriage: 5 Dec 1721 Place: Wrentham, Massachusetts, USA

3F: Susanna Cazneau Birth: Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: befl3 Oct 1789 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Adam Dechezeau Marriage: 28 Jan 1730 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

4M: Peace Cazneau Birth: abt 1707 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 23 Mar 1767 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Mary Scutt Marriage: 7 Oct 1737 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Jane Vincent nee Rouse Marriage: 11 Aug 1763 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

7 Name: Isaac Cazneau

Birth: 10 Jun 1697 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 8 May 1774 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Father: Paix Cazneau (-1720) Mother: Margaret Germaine (1671-1769) Marriage: 22 Sep 1726 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Spouse: Hannah Johnson

Birth: 30 Mar 1707 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 8 Apr 1784 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Father: Joseph Johnson Mother: Anna Belcher

Children:

1 F: Anna Cazneau Birth: 4 Sep 1727 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: bef 13 Jui 1777* Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Ephraim Copeland Marriage: 20 Aug 1755 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

2M: Isaac Cazneau Birth: 3 Jui 1729 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 6 Nov 1787 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Elizabeth Lash Marriage: 23 Oct 1752 Place: ......

3M: Samuel Cazneau Birth: 4 Aug 1731 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 4 May 1736 Place: ......

4 F: Margaret Cazneau Birth: 30 May 1733 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 13 Nov 1820 Place: ...... Spouse: Joseph Winslow Marriage: 1757 Place: ......

SM: Joseph Cazneau Birth: 12 Jan 1735 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 19 May 1806 Place: ...... Spouse: Catherine Digby Marriage: Place: ......

6F: Abigail Cazneau Birth: 7 Jun 1737 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: Place: ...... Spouse: Thomas Bayley Marriage: 5 Oct 1762 Place: ......

8 7M: Samuel Johnson Cazneau Birth: 12 Jul 1739 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 25 Mar 1741 Place: ......

8M: Samuel Johnson Cazneau Birth: 18 Jan 1741 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 13 May 1814 Place: Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Rebecca Burroughs Marriage: 13 Mar 1768 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

9M: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Birth: 18 Jui 1744 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 7 May 1820 Place: ...... Spouse: AnnD'Arcy Marriage: 1779 Place: ...... ,. Spouse: Ann Chantrell Marriage: abt 1793 Place: ......

lOM: William Cazneau Birth: 18 Aug 1746 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 1776 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Mary Turrell Marriage: 26 Mar 1772 Place: ...... USA

llM: Edward Cazneau Birth: 29Dec 1748 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 31 Jui 1816 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Spouse: Rebecca Cazneau (MNU) Marriage: bef 1775 Place: ...... Spouse: Mary Bonner Marriage: 19 Aug 1800 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

* Anna's husband Ephraim Copeland remarried on 13 July 1777.

9 Name: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau

Birth: 18 Jul 1744 Place: Boston, Massachusetts, USA Death: 7 May 1820 Place: ...... Father: Isaac Cazneau ( 1697-177 4) Mother: Hannah Johnson (1706-1784) Other Spouses: Ann Chantrell Marriage: 1779 Place: ......

Spouse: Ann D'Arcy

Birth: 1751 Place: ...... Death: abt 1792 Place: ...... Father: Mother:

Children:

1 F: Hannah Johnson Cazneau Birth: 1780 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 26 Sep 1831 Place: ......

2M: Isaac Cazneau Birth: 1782 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 1821 Place: ...... Spouse: Catherine Houseman Marriage: Place: ......

3M: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Birth: 1784 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Alice Lancelott Marriage: 24 Jan 1808 Place: St Peter Church Street, Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG

4F: Margaret Cazneau Birth: 1786 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 1797 Place: ......

5M: William Cazneau Birth: 1789 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: May 1792 Place: ......

6F: Ann D'Arcy Cazneau Birth: 1791 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: Sep 1792 Place: ......

7 F: Mary Ann Cazneau Birth: 1792 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: Place: ......

10 Name: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau

Birth: 1784 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: ...... Place: ...... Father: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau (1744-1820) Mother: Ann D'Arcy (1751--1792) Marriage: 24 Jan 1808 Place: St Peter Church Street, Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG

Spouse: Alice Lancelott

Birth: Place: ...... Death: Place: ...... Father: Mother:

Children: lM: Edward Lancelott Cazneau Birth: abt 1808 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 30 Mar 1856 Place: West Derby, Co Lancashire, ENG Spouse: Margaret Sharpe Marriage: 13 Apr 1835 Place: Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland

2M: William Lancelott Cazneau Birth: abt 1810 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: ...... Place: ......

3 F: Sarah Ann Cazneau Birth: abt 1812 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: ...... Place: ......

4F: Anna Maria Cazneau Birth: abt 1814 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: ...... Place: ......

SF: Mary Ann Cazneau Birth: 15 Mar 1816 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: Dec 1816 Place: ......

6M: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Birth: 19 Jul 1818 Place: ...... Death: 2 Dec 1819 Place: ......

7M: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Birth: 28 Aug 1820 Place: ...... Death: Place: ......

SF: Emma Cazneau Birth: 23 Aug 1822 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: Place: ......

11 Edward Lance Iott Cazneau ( 1808-1856)

Edward Lancelott, the eldest son of Benjamin Belcher Cazneau and Alice Lancelott, was born in Liverpool, County Lancashire in 1808. He was christened on 23 November 1808 at St Nicholas, Liverpool44 His fatherBenjamin was a prosperous merchant of Liverpool who was engaged with his brother, Joseph Cazneau, in the West India trade.

Nothing is known of Edward's childhood or how he came to be living in Ireland. It is possible that his father, Benjamin who traded in linen, had some Irish contacts who arranged for Edward to study art in Dublin. In 1828 he entered the Dublin Society's School as a pupil and he studied there for several years.45 The Dublin Society was founded in 1731 for 'improving husbandry, manufacture and the useful arts and sciences.' In 1814 the Society purchased Leinster House from the Duke of Leinster and the School was relocated there in 1815 following alterations to the building. The School was divided into departments each with its own master, the figure school, the landscape and ornament school, the architecture school and school of modelling. It is assumed that Edward Cazneau attended the figureschool which would have been headed by Robert Lucius West who was appointed as master in 1809, a position he held until he retired in 1845.46

Following his years of study Edward went on to establish himself as a portrait painter. He was a regular exhibiter at the Royal Hibernian Academy until 184 7 when, it is believed, he returned to England. The Royal Hibernian Academy of Painters, Sculptors, Architects and Engravers was founded by Royal Charter on 5 August 1823. The artists of this newly formed Academy lacked funds and a venue to hold exhibitions until the following year when Francis Johnston succeeded William Ashford as president. Francis Johnston generously donated £14,000 of his own funds to build an Academy house. The building, located in Abbey Street, consisted of exhibition rooms, drawing-schools, a council room and an apartment for the keeper. The first stone was laid on 29 April 1824 and the building was completed in 1826 and the Academy's first exhibition was held that year. The Academy offered a venue for the 'native talent of the country to display their works.' The renumeration from sales varied considerably over time. During 1835-1838 the total amount of purchases was thirty shilling paid for two water colour drawings. The history of art in Ireland shows 47 that young artists of talent and ambition often emigrated to London to practice their art. The lack of remuneration and recognition could explain why Edward left Ireland after so many years and returned to England. He was regarded as a 'painter of some ability' and a self portrait ( see page 15) held by the National Gallery of Ireland was described in 1913 as 'quite equal to the work of most of the better known Dublin portrait painters of the time'48

On 13 April 1835 Edward married Margaret Sharpe (qv) in Dublin.49 The Cazneaux oral family history has it recorded that they were married by the Rev. George Blacker at St Andrew's (place not recorded).50 There is a St Andrew's parish in the City of Dublin and this is where the marriage probably took place. Margaret was eighteen years of age, the daughter of William Sharp and Sarah nee Wilson. At the time of her marriage Margaret lived with her mother at No 4, Church Lane.

44 FamilySearch, International Genealogical Index, film #C005998 45 STRICKLAND W G, A Dictionaryof Irish Artists, page 164. 46 STRICKLAND W G, A Dictionary of Irish Artists, volume II, appendix, pages 579, 582, 588, 591. 47 STRICKLAND W G, A Dictionary of Irish Artists, volume II, pages 609-612 and 617. 48 STRICKLAND W G, A Dictionary of Irish Artists, page 164. 49 Jbid 50 Descendant Sally Garrett, 15 December 2000. 12 Sarah, her mother, was employed as a robe and gown maker to the University. Edward and Margaret initially lived at Church Lane and later moved to Summer Hill, Dublin. 51

Their eldest child, William Lancelott Cazneau, was born in 1836. He was christened at St Andrew's as were the next two children, Sarah and Catherine. Family records indicate that their fourth child Edward was christened at St Thomas (place unknown). 52 A search of the birth indexes for England failed to reveal any entries for the Cazneau children until 1849 when Pierce Mott (qv) was born at Birkenhead, County Cheshire in November of that year.53

It is believed the Cazneau family moved to England sometime between 1847, when Edward ceased exhibiting at the Royal Academy and November 1849 when their sixth son Pierce was born at 21 Henry Street, Birkenhead. Edward's occupation is listed on Pierce's birth certificate as artist. 54 By October 1854 they were living at 69 Boundary Place West Derby, a suburb of the city of Liverpool, County Lancashire.55 It is also possible that the family chose to return to England because of conditions being experienced in Ireland due to the Irish potato famine which occurred during 1845 to 1851.

On 30 March 1856 Edward Cazneau died at 69 Boundary Street, aged forty seven years.56 His cause of death is recorded as 'want of nourishment --ring to irritability of the stomach from intemperate mode of living'.

Following her husband's death Margaret emigrated to Australia with her surviving five sons to join her brother Robert Sharpe. The family left Liverpool, England aboard the ship Great Britain on 16 February 1857 and arrived in Melbourne on 19 April 1857.57

Margaret Cazneau died in Darlington, Sydney on 17 June 1893 aged seventy six years. 58

51 STRICKLAND W G, A Dictionaryof Irish Artists, page 164. 52 Descendant Sally Garrett, 9 January 2002. 53 General Register Office, Births Registered in England and Wales, Checked all quarters for the years 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848 and 1851 for the birth ofCazneau children. Also death index 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850 and 1851 for the death ofCazneau children. 54 General Register Office, Birth Certificate, Pierce Cazneau, 23 November 1849. Index reference, January quarter 1850, Wirral, vol XIX, no 317. 55 General Register Office, Birth Certificate, Edward Cazneau, 10 October 1854. Index reference, December quarter 1854, West Derby, vol 8b, no 358. 56 General Register Office, Death Certificate, Edward Cazneau. Index reference, June quarter 1856, West Derby, vol 7a, no 273. 51 !migration to Victoria:British Ports 1852-1869, fiche123, page 7. 58 Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages NSW, Death Certificate, Margaret Cazneau, 1893, Newtown, no 10658. 13 Name: Edward Lancelott Cazneau

Birth: abt 1808 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Christen: 23 Nov 1808 Place: St Nicholas, Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 30 Mar 1856 Place: West Derby, Co Lancashire, ENG Father: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau ( ~1784-) Mother: Alice Lancelott Marriage: 13 Apr 1835 Place: Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland

Spouse: Margaret Sharpe

Birth: abt 1817 Place: Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland Death: 17 Jun 1893 Place: Darlington, Sydney, NSW, AUS Immigration: 'Great Britain' to Melbourne 19 Apr 1857 with fivesons Father: William Sharpe Mother: Sarah Wilson

Children: lM: William Lancelott Cazneau Birth: 26 Feb 1836 Place: Ireland Death: 1911 Place: ...... Spouse: Susan Buchanan Marriage: 1883 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

2 F: Sarah Cazneau Birth: 26 Jui 1838 Place: Ireland Death: 6 Jui 1847 Place: Ireland?

3 F: Catherine Cazneau Birth: 18 Sep 1840 Place: Ireland Death: 1841 Place: ......

4M: Edward Lancelott Cazneau Birth: 20 Jun 1842 Place: ...... Death: Place: ......

SM: Prescott Cazneau Birth: 15 May 1844 Place: ...... Death: 1924 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Spouse: Maria Ann Taylor Marriage: 18 Dec 1890 Place: ......

6M: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Birth: 3 Aug 1845 Place: ...... Death: 24 Sep 1845 Place: ......

7M: Warren Houseman Cazneau Birth: 26 Jun 1847 Place: ...... Death: 1904 Place: Waratah, NSW, AUS

14 SM: Pierce Mott Cazneau Birth: 23 Nov 1849 Place: Birkenhead, Co Cheshire, ENG Death: 20 Apr 1928 Place: Mile End, Adelaide, SA Spouse: Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley Marriage: 23 Dec 1876 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Spouse: Christina Margaret Jane Harley Marriage: 28 Dec 1895 Place: Cowandilla, Hilton, SA, AUS

9M: Edward Lancelott (Lancelott) Cazneau Birth: 10 Oct 1854 Place: West Derby, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 1939 Place: ......

Edward Lancelott Cazneau (1808-1856) Reproduction of self portrait by Edward Cazneau courtesy of the National Gallery of Ireland.

15 Margaret Sharpe (c1817-1893)

Margaret Sharpe was born about 1817. Her place of birth is unknown but it is believed to have been Dublin, Ireland. 59 She was the daughter of William Sharp( e ), a farmer, and Sarah nee Wilson. Her parents were married at Saint Nicholas Within, Dublin on 7 August 1812.60 Nothing is known of Margaret's childhood.

On 13 April 1835 Margaret Sharpe married Edward Lancelott Cazneau (qv) in Dublin. The Cazneaux oral family history has it recorded that they were married by the Rev George Blacker at St Andrew's (place unrecorded).61 There is a St Andrew's parish in the City of Dublin and this is where the marriage probably took place. Margaret was eighteen years of age and at the time of her marriage was living with her mother, Sarah, at No 4 Church Lane. Her mother was employed as a robe and gown maker to Dublin university.62

Edward Lancelott Cazneau was born in Liverpool, County Lancashire, in 1808. He was the eldest son of Benjamin Belcher Cazneau and Alice Lancelott. At the time of their marriage Edward was an established portrait painter. Following their marriage they lived at Church Lane, Dublin and later moved to Summer Hill, Dublin.

Edward and Margaret had a family of nine children, seven sons and two daughters. Four of their children died young including both daughters, Sarah (1838-1847) and Catherine (1840-1841). They also lost two sons Edward born 1842 and Benjamin Belcher born and died 1845. Their eldest child William Lancelott Cazneau was born in 1836 in Ireland. He was christened at St Andrew's as were the next two children, Sarah and Catherine. Family records indicate that their fourth child Edward was christened at St Thomas (place unknown).63 A search of the birth indexes for England failed to reveal any entries for the Cazneau children until 1849 when Pierce Mott (qv) was born at Birkenhead, County Cheshire. 64

It is believed the Cazneau family moved to England sometime between 184 7 when Edward ceased exhibiting at the Royal Academy and November 1849 when their sixth son Pierce was born at 21 Henry Street, Birkenhead. This move to England may have been influenced by the lack of recognition and remuneration talented Irish artists experienced or it may have been related to the conditions being experienced in Ireland due to the Irish potato famine which occurred during 1845 to 1851.

By October 1854, when their youngest child son Edward was born, the Cazneau family were living at 69 Boundary Place West Derby, a suburb of the city of Liverpool, County Lancashire.65 It was at

59 Birth and marriage place is recorded on her death certificate as England. Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages NSW, Death Certificate, 1893, Newtown, no 10658. 60 Family Search, International Genealogical Index, Film #0990093 IT 5. 61 Descendant Sally Garrett, 15 December 2000. 62 STRICKLANDW G, A Dictionary of Irish Artists, page 164. 63 Descendant Sally Garrett, 9 January 2002. 64 General Register Office, Births Registered in England and Wales, Checked all quarters for the years 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848 and 1851 for the birth of Cazneau children. Also death index 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850 and 1851 forthe death of Cazneau children. 65General Register Office, Birth Certificate, Edward Cazneau, 10 October 1854. Index reference, December quarter 1854, West Derby, vol 8b, no 358. 16 this address two years later that Margaret's husband died on 30 March 1856, aged forty seven years. 66

Very soon after her husband's death Margaret made a monumental decision and chose to leave England with her five surviving sons and start a new life in Australia. This decision was no doubt prompted by the fact that her younger brother Robert Sharpe was already living in Australia. Margaret and her sons departed Liverpool, England aboard the ship Great Britain on 16 February 1857 and arrived in Melbourne on 19 April 1857 after a voyage of 62 days. 67

The Great Britain was a legendary ship that made thirty two voyages to Australia between 1852 and 1876. The Great Britain had not made a voyage to Australia since 1854 because she was used by the British government as a troop carrier during the Crimean War with Russia. During this time she carried 44,000 fighting men and horses. Following war service the Great Britain under went a major refit that took eight months to complete. The sailing rig was completely changed. Three new masts, made from four tree trunks bound together with iron bands, were fitted. The first class accommodation was increased to 85 with space for 500 other passengers. Engine improvements were made, a single funnel and a two bladed propeller was fitted. The propeller was designed to be lifted out of the water when the ship was under sail. 68

Margaret Cazneau, listed as aged 37 years, and her sons William 20, Prescott 11, Warren 9, Pierce 6 and Edward Lancelott 1 embarked on this newly refurbished ship for what was regarded in those days as a speedy voyage of 62 days to Melbourne.69 The ship, under the command of John Gray, carried 469 passengers and 133 crew. 70 Margaret and her sons are listed amongst the 97 second cabin passengers. The family surname is recorded in the official records as Cazenon and the ages listed for children are not accurate.

The Argus newspaper recorded the Great Britain's arrival in Melbourne:71 The celebrated mammoth steam clipper ship 'Great Britain', under the command of our old friend Captain Gray, anchored in Hobson 's Bay about noon yesterday. It is unnecessary to again lay before our readers a detailed description of this wonderful vessel a short time only having elapsed since a lengthy account of her movements appeared in this journal. She left Liverpool on the 16th February, at 4p.m. Crossed the Equator in 17 days, 18 hours. The S. E. Trades were throughout extremely light and much to the southward; the meridian of Cape of Good Hope was crossed in lat. 47° 20' South, on the 38th day out, from thence she has experienced light airs from N. E. and calms, and as evidence of the lightness of the winds Captain Gray records that the royals were only furled once during the passage. She brings 545 passengers all in good health, also 24 bags [of] mail.

On arrival in Australia Margaret joined her brother Robert William Sharpe in the Twofold Bay area of New South Wales. Twofold Bay, situated 476 km south of Sydney on the far south coast of New South Wales, was originally settled by whalers. The first white settlement was made by John Raine

66General Register Office, Death Certificate, Edward Cazneau. Index reference, June quarter 1856, West Derby, vol 7a, no 273. 67 Immigration to Victoria: British Ports 1852-1869, fiche 123, page 7. 68 BALL A, Is Yours an SS Great Britain Family? page 11.

Margaret's brother, Robert, arrived in Australia sometime between 1844 and 1850. All efforts to trace his arrival have proved unsuccessful. It is assumed he may have come as ship's crew as the familyhistory recounts that he was a 'sea captain in the Australian coastal trade'.

Robert William Sharpe was born about 1824 in Liverpool, Co Lancashire, England and came to Australia sometime around 1844.73 Robert's sea career included time as the commander of the brig Triton, followed by his appointment as chief officer of the Australian Steam Navigation Company's coastal steamer the Wonga Wonga. 74 The Wonga Wonga was a screw steamer of 1002 tons that was built in 1854 in the United Kingdom.75 Robert retired fromsea life prior to his marriage and operated a general store in Chandos Street, Eden. The following advertisements appeared in the Twofold Bay & Maneroo Telegraph in 1860. R. W Sharpe & Co Chandos Street General Storekeepers Land, Commission, and General Agents N.B. Families and Shipping Supplied at Sydney Prices 6 Diggers will find it the cheapest store in Eden. 7 R. W Sharpe & Co Chandos Street General Storekeepers (Pianos tuned and repaired) N.B. Families and Shipping Supplied at Sydney Prices Wood, water and cartage on the lowest possible terms. 77

On 24 December 1860 he married Emma Otton at Bega, NSW. His wife Emma, the daughter of John and Patience Ann Otton nee Smalridge, was born in Exeter, County Devon about 1819. She arrived in Sydney aboard the ship Layton, with her mother, on 17 December 1833. They were joining her father who had been transported on the ship Burrell which arrived in Sydney on 19 December 1830.78

Emma was known in the Bega area as a very astute business woman. She established the first store in Bega and was also a partner in the 'Numerella' estate. 79 Her store in Bega opened for business on Christmas Eve 1855 in a building on the north side of the river not far from Mead's public house. The town of Bega had been laid out and gazetted in 1851 and was just north of the present site but

7 2 Internet Site - Fairfax WalkaboutAustralian Travel Guide. 73 Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages NSW, Death Transcription, R Sharpe, no 1508, 28 October 1874. 74 Bega Gazette, 5 November 1874, Obituary Robert W Sharpe. 75 Internet Site - Australian National Maritime Museum Online Ships Picture Index. 76 Twofold Bay & Maneroo Telegraph, 14 September 1860. 77 Twofold Bay & Maneroo Telegraph, 2 October 1860. 78 Otton descendant, Margaret Cameron, 152 Hants Road Indooroopilly Qld, letter to Cora Nurn 12 February 2001. 79 Bega Valley Genealogy Society copy of The Otton Family. Notes donated to the Society by Patricia Otton. 18 80 repeated flooding saw its removal to higher ground south of the river. Emma's business later moved to Auckland Street. When she married Robert Sharpe she incorporated her store with her husband's store.81 Her husband increased the size and range of stock and opened a dispensary under the management ofW H Hopkins.82

Prior to her marriage Emma had a son William Henry (Otton) born 1856, no father's name is listed on the birth record though it is believed that Robert was the father of this child as he always claimed 83 William as his son. Robert and Emma had three more sons, Robert Edward born 1861, Henry John born1863 and Samuel Wilson born1865.

Emma and Robert's Bega business was known as the Post Office Stores. On 1 January 1863 Robert 8 85 Sharpe succeeded John Jaggers as Bega Post Master, a position he held until 1 January 1870. 4 Robert established Bega's first newspaper from his store's premises in lower Ackland Street. The first edition of the Bega Gazette was published on Saturday 3 December 1864. This newspaper paper expanded and was a valuable asset when he sold it to Tyrone White, backed by Rev. J L Knight, in July 1869.86 Around 1870 Robert and Emma sold the Bega business and settled in Candela where Robert and his brother, John Wilson Sharpe, opened the original store. The brothers took an active part in promoting the growth and prosperity of the township.87

Robert Sharpe died on 29 October 1874 at 173 Forbes Street, Woolloomooloo, the home of his 88 sister Margaret Cazneau.

Margaret's other brother John Wilson Sharpe, who was born about 1831 in County Lancashire, 89 England joined his brother and sister at Eden. He arrived, from the United States, not long after Margaret and her sons.90 91 He is recorded as one of the pioneers of Candelo having arrived there about 1868 when the town consisted of two houses. He is credited with helping to bring Candela to be a town of some importance. Today Candela is a tiny, but charming, village 22 km southwest of Bega. The village originally developed in the 1860s to serve as a centre forpassing trade and for the 92 farmers who moved there after free land selection became law in 1861. In September 1870 John and his brother Robert started the first business in Candela, a general store. It was through his efforts that the School of Arts was established. John Wilson Sharpe did not marry and he died on 6 September 1897 at Candela, aged 65 years. Sharpe Street in Candelo is believed to have been named afterthe brothers.

80 InternetSite - Fairfax WalkaboutAustralian Travel Guide. 81 Bayley W A, History of Bega, page 34. 82 Bega Gazette, 9 September 1885, Obituary Emma Sharpe nee Otton. 83 NSW Pioneers Index 1788-1888 on CD-ROM, 1856, Eden, no 4533. 8 4 Bega Centenary, Postal History. 85 Bega Post Office files contain a handwritten note dated December 1869 that indicates Robert Sharpe's appointment as Post Master was terminated due to his being 'arrested and locked up for drunkenness' and not considered 'a fit person to continue in charge of the Post Office'. 86 Bayley W A, History of Bega, page 40. 81 Bega Gazette, 5 November 1874, Obituary Robert W Sharpe. 88 Registrar of Births, Deaths & Marriages NSW, Death Transcription, Robert Sharpe, no 1508, 28 October 1874. 89 J W Sharpe's full name, John Wilson Sharpe, is recorded on the 1895-96 Eden-Bomba/a Electoral Roll as, Bega, 1263, John Wilson Sharpe, Storekeeper, Candelo. 90 Descendant Sally Garrett, 9 January 2002. 91 Bega Standard, 7 September 1897, Obituary J W Sharpe. 92 InternetSite - Fairfax WalkaboutAustralian Travel Guide. 19 On arrival in Australia Margaret Cazneau went to Eden on Twofold Bay to join her brother. It has been suggested that she invested her money in sheep farming and when this venture failedshe moved to Sydney where she supported herself and her sons as a pianist and teacher of music.93

There is very little known about Margaret's time in Eden though she is recorded as giving music lessons in the area.94 In October 1858 Margaret Caznew [sic] was mentioned in a court case when her next door neighbour, James Emanuel Bruce, was charged with the murder of his wife Esther. William Cazneau who lived with his mother was called as a witness. He gave his occupation as 'gentleman'. Other witnesses called were Ellen and John Schultz, the Bruce's other next door neighbours. They operated a store in Imlay Street, Eden next door the Bruces. So we can deduce that Margaret and her sons lived in Imlay Street, Eden two doors from the Schultz's store.95 A 1897 photograph of Imaly street published in the book Eden Revisited shows Ramsey Bros, General Store (formerlySchultz's). The site is now occupied by the Eden Fisherman's Club.96

It would appear that Margaret offered board and lodging to supplement her income. The following appeared in the Twofold Bay & Maneroo Observer on 14 December 1860. Eden Small Debts, Cazneau v Carter. Summons to recover £1/12/2d due for board and lodging.

One can only imagine the homesickness, the contrasts in her life and the hardships she endured in a small rural pioneer area compared to the city life to which she was accustomed. This may be the reason she moved sometime in the 1860s to Sydney. The following advertisement was placed in the Bega Gazette by her brother Robert on 5 May 1866:

A Rare Bargain For Sale, a splendid Square PIANOFORTE, originally cost 75 pounds, will be disposed of at a low figure, for CASH. May be inspected at the Post Office Stores, Bega - Apply to R. W Sharpe. There was obviously little interest in this advertisement for two weeks later on 19 May 1866 the following appeared:

To be Raffled, a Splendid Square PIANOFORTE, originally cost 70 guineas, by 20 members, at one pound per member. This is a rare opportunity for parties desirous of obtaining a first class instrument. Ticketsmay be had of R. W Sharpe - Post Office Stores

It is highly likely that this was the piano Margaret used for teaching piano lessons and a prompt sale may have been needed to fund her move to Sydney. A move at this time, 1866, would have coincided with the end of the Kiandra goldrush and the decline in the population of Eden.

Margaret's family retains a tie with the Bega area. Her grandson Prescott Ellis Cazneau, the son of Prescott Cazneau and Maria Taylor, lived and died in the Bega area and his descendants are still there today. Prescott's wifeLillian operated a dress shop in Auckland Street, Bega.

93 CATO Jack, TheStory of the Camera in Australia, page 150. 94 Bega Standard, 7 September 1897, Obituary J W Sharpe. 95 Eden Bench Books, 13 October 1858. 96 DAVIDSON Rene, Eden Revisited, page 19. 20 In 1868 Margaret was living at 119 Palmer Street, Sydney, in 1869 she is listed at 501 Crown Street, number 505 in 1870. By 1873 she was residing at Cleveland Street, Redfern and at 173 Forbes Street in 187 5. 97

From 1886 to 1887 Margaret is listed as living at 89 Victoria Street, Sydney.98 In 1892-1993 her son Prescott is listed as living at 25 Forbes Street, Darlington.99 Margaret Cazneau died at this address on 17 June 1893 of heart disease. She was seventy six years of age. She was buried on 19 June 1893 at the general cemetery, Necropolis, Rookwood. HJO

97 Sands Sydney Directory, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1873 and 1875. 98 The New South Wales Post OfficeDirectory for 1886-1887, page 521. 99 The New South Wales Post Office Directoryfor 1892-1893. 100 Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages NSW, Death Certificate, Margaret Cazneau, 1893, Newtown, no 10658.

21 Name: Margaret Sharpe

Birth: abt 1817 Place: Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland Death: 17 Jun 1893 Place: Darlington, Sydney, NSW, AUS Father: William Sharp Mother: Sarah Wilson

Spouse: Edward Lancelott Cazneau

Children: lM: William Lancelott Cazneau Birth: 26 Feb 1836 Place: Ireland Death: 1911 Place: ...... Spouse: Susan Buchanan Marriage: 1883 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

2F: Sarah Cazneau Birth: 26 Jui 1838 Place: Ireland Death: 6 Jui 1847 Place: Ireland?

3 F: Catherine Cazneau Birth: 18 Sep 1840 Place: Ireland Death: 1841 Place: ......

4M: Edward Lancelott Cazneau Birth: 20 Jun 1842 Place: ...... Death: ...... Place: ......

SM: Prescott Cazneau Birth: 15 May 1844 Place: ...... Death: 1924 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Spouse: Maria Ann Taylor Marriage: 18 Dec 1891 Place: Newcastle, NSW, AUS

6M: Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Birth: 3 Aug 1845 Place: ...... Death: 24 Sep 1845 Place: ......

7M: Warren Houseman Cazneau Birth: 26 Jun 1847 Place: ...... Death: 1904 Place: Waratah, NSW, AUS

22 SM: Pierce Mott Cazneau Birth: 23 Nov 1849 Place: Birkenhead, Co Cheshire, ENG Death: 20 Apr 1928 Place: Mile End, Adelaide, SA Spouse: Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley Marriage: 23 Dec 1876 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Spouse: Christina Margaret Jane Harley Marriage: 28 Dec 1895 Place: Cowandilla, Hilton, SA, AUS

9M: Edward Lancelott (Lancelott) Cazneau Birth: 10 Oct 1854 Place: West Derby, Co Lancashire, ENG Death: 1939 Place: ......

23 Name: Robert William Sharpe

Birth: abt 1824 Place: Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Occupation: Storekeeper, Postmaster, Newspaper proprietor Death: 29 Oct 1874 Place: Woolloomooloo, NSW, AUS Immigration: About 1844 possibly as a crew member Father: William Sharp Mother: Sarah Wilson Marriage: 24 Dec 1860 Place: Bega, NSW, AUS

Spouse: Emma Otton

Birth: abt 1819 Place: Exeter, Co Devon, ENG Occupation: Storekeeper Death: 6 Sep 1885 Place: Candela, NSW, AUS Immigration: 'Layton' to Sydney 17 Dec 1833 (with mother) Father: John Otton (~ 1789-1864) Mother: Patience Ann Smalridge (1795-1874)

Children: lM: William Henry Sharpe (Otton) Birth: 1856 Place: Eden, NSW, AUS Death: 1896 Place: Candela, NSW, AUS Spouse: Edith Mary Hammond Marriage: 28 Mar 1880 Place: Bega, St Patrick's, NSW, AUS

2M: Robert Edward Sharpe Birth: 1861 Place: Bega, NSW, AUS Death: 12 Feb 1915 Place: Kensington, NSW, AUS Spouse: Sarah A Meares Marriage: 1883 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

3M: Henry John (John Henry) Sharpe Birth: 1863 Place: Bega, NSW, AUS Death: 11 Jan 1899 Place: Wolumla, NSW, AUS

4M: Samuel Wilson Sharpe Birth: 1865 Place: Bega, NSW, AUS Death: 17 Sep 1913 Place: Candela, NSW, AUS Spouse: Mary McKinnery/McKinniary Marriage: 1897 Place: Redfern, NSW, AUS

24 Pierce Mott Cazneau ( 1849-1928) Pierce Mott Cazneau was born on 23 November 1849 at 21 Henry Street, Birkenhead, County 101 Cheshire, England. He was the eighth child of Edward Lancelott Cazneau ( qv) and Margaret nee Sharpe (qv). When Pierce was six years old his father Edward, an artist and portrait painter, died aged fortyseven years.

Following his father's death, his mother, Margaret, decided to leave England and join her brother, Robert Sharpe, in Australia. The family left Liverpool, England aboard the ship Great Britain on 16 February 1857 and arrived in Melbourne on 19 April 1857 after a voyage of 62 days. The family surname is recorded in the official records as Cazenon. Pierce is listed as aged six years, but he had already celebrated his seventh birthday in November 1856.!02

On arrival in Australia Margaret Cazneau, Pierce and his four brothers travelled to Eden on Twofold Bay, New South Wales to join her brother Robert William Sharpe who had arrived in Australia about 1844. Margaret invested her money in sheep farming and when this venture failed she moved to Sydney where she supported herself and her sons as a concert pianist and teacher of music. 103

Little is known of the life of the young Pierce. While still a young boy he started working for the Freeman Brothers who ran a photographic studio in Sydney. He continued to work for Freemans 4 until around 1870 and during his time with Freemans he became their chief operator (portraitist).10 105 While working at Freemans he met his future wife, Emily Florence Bentley. Emma, as she was known, was employed by Freeman Brothers as a colourist and miniature painter during the late 106 1860s. Emma's sister Lillian Elizabeth was also employed there.

During the period 1857 to 1868 Pierce Cazneau is not listed personally or professionally in any of 1 7 1 8 the Sydney directories searched. 0 0 His employer Freeman's is listed as Freeman Brothers, photographic artists, 231 George Street, Sydney. 109 From 1858 to 1859 they are listed at 392 George Street.110 In 1861 and 1863 the listing reads Freeman, William G and James, photographic artists, 392 George Street. Fifteen professional photographers are listed in the trade section of the directory for 1863. 111 In 1868 the listing changes to Freeman and Prout [Proutt Victor A], 139 Castlereagh Street. There is also an advertisement for this business. 112

101 General Register Office, Birth Certificate, Pierce Cazneau, 23 November 1849. Index reference, January quarter 1850, Wirral, vol XIX, no 317. 102/mmigration to Victoria: British Ports 1852-1869, fiche 123, page 7. 103 CATO Jack, The Story of the Camera in Australia, page 150. 104 TANRE C, DAVIESA & STANBURY P, The Mechanical Eye: A Historical Guide to Australian Photography and Photographers, page 143. 105 Ibid 106 KERRJoan, (ed), The Dictionaryof Australian Artists, page 64. 107 Cox & Co Post Office Directory, 1857. 108 Sands and Kenny's Commercial and General Sydney Directoryfor 1858-59. 109 Cox & Co Post Office Directory, 1857, page 130. 110 Sands and Kenny's Commercial and General Sydney Directory for 1858-59, page 153. 111 Sands and Kenny's Commercial and General Sydney Directory, 1861 page 167, 1863 pages 178 and 301. 112 Sands and Kenny's Commercial and General Sydney Directory, 1868 page 405 and advert page 43. 25 In the early 1870s Pierce Cazneau commenced employment as manager of the London Photographic Company at 419 George Street, Sydney. 113

In 1871 the business of Alexander Smithers in Newcastle New South Wales was taken over by Cazneau Brothers. 114 Some publications have indicated that Pierce Mott Cazneau operated this business but there is no family, or other evidence, to indicate that Pierce was in Newcastle and family descendants believe that this business could have been run by Warren and Prescott Cazneau, Pierce's brothers.115 Prescott Cazneau met his future wife Maria Ann Taylor in Newcastle and they were married there in December 1891.116 Warren Houseman Cazneau is recorded as residing in Darley Street, Newcastle.117

Around 1876 Pierce sailed for New Zealand and was joined by Emma shortly before they were married. The young couple were married on 23 December 1876 at the house of Mrs Sophia Lawes, Sydney Street, Wellington. Pierce was 27 years and Emma was 21 years. Both listed their occupations as photographer.118

Emma (Emily Florence) was born about 1855 in Surry Hills, Sydney. She was the daughter of Richard Bentley (qv) and Ellen nee Lawless who had emigrated from County Dublin, Ireland in 1840. Pierce and Emma's first child, a son Harold, was born at Taranaki Street, Wellington, New 19 Zealand on 30 March 1878. 1 The familylived in Taranaki Street, Wellington.

Pierce and Emma had three more children, all born in Wellington, Major Gordon born in 1880, a daughter Carmen born in 1882 and son Gerald born in 1884. 120 121 122

While in New Zealand Pierce worked at Wrigglesworth and Binns for six years. In 1882-1883 he became a partner in a photographic studio known as Cazneau & Connolly and he described himself in 1883 as having been Wrigglesworth and Binns' 'sole operator'. 123 In 1885 this partnership was operated by Pierce and James B Connolly and was located at Lambton Quay on the right hand side 124 from the government buildings.

113 KERR Joan, Dictionaryof Australian Artists, page 142. 114 Ibid page 142. 115 Descendant Sally Garrett phone call to Cora Num, November 2000. 116 New South Wales Federation Index on CD-ROM, 1890, Newcastle, no 5633. Indexed as Caznean. 117 Notes fromDescendant Sally Garrett to Cora Num dated 15 December 2000. Date of residence in Newcastle not given. 118 Registrar General's Office New Zealand, Certified Copyof Entry of Marriage, no 9, 23 December 1876. 119 Registrar General's OfficeNew Zealand, Certified Copy ofEntry of Birth, no 419, 30 March 1878. 120 New Zealand Birth Indexesin conjunction with NEILL M, LOWRIE M & WOOD A, District Keys to the NZ Registration Indexes Births 1848-1900, 1880 A-L, no 1399. June quarter, Wellington, Wellington district. 121 New Zealand Birth Indexes in conjunction with NEILL M, LOWRIE M & WOOD A, District Keys to the NZ Registration Indexes Births 1848-1900, 1882, no 1349. June quarter, Wellington, Wellington district. 122 New Zealand Birth Indexes in conjunction with NEILL M, LOWRIE M & WOOD A, District Keys to the NZ Registration IndexesBirths 1848-1900,1885, no 367. March quarter, Wellington, Wellington district. 123 The Wairarapo Daily, 7 November 1883. Advert in the possession of Sally Garrett, Sydney, 2000. 124 Internet Site - Wellington Streets & Their Residents. 26 125 Pierce and Emma also traded under her name as E F Cazneau. She was actively involved in this 126 and other ventures and the children were 'farmed out' while she worked. Their son, Harold, recalled his impressions of his parents studio in a letter to Jack Cato in 1951 ..... the fearsome (to a child) J 5xl 2 cameras.... The smell and reek of the ether from the collodion plates ... the junk... such as imitation furniture, fittings and painted backgrounds pertaining to the professional gallery of those days.127

Emma Cazneau worked as a photographer during her time in New Zealand and she is remembered for her series of photographs of the Mount Tarawera volcanic eruption. Mount Tarawera, east of Rotorua, violently erupted about three o'clock in the morning on the 10 June 1886. The debris 128 129 engulfed and buried the famous pink and white terraces and buried the village of Te Wairoa. Over 150 people were killed as a result of the eruption· which continued for two months. Emma Cazneau took many photographs of this spectacular eruption. The negatives were made into lantern slides and Emma gave public showings of the slides accompanied by an explanatory lecture. 130

About 1887 Pierce Mott, his wife and young family returned to Sydney. Pierce is not listed in the Sands Sydney directories for 1885 to 1889. Pierce left Emma and the children in Sydney and came 131 to Adelaide about 1889. She lived in Balmain before moving to Adelaide to join her husband.

While in Adelaide Pierce worked as a manager for the Townsend Duryea Studio. Townsend Duryea and his brother Sanford Duryea made daguerreotypes in Adelaide under the name of Duryea Brothers during the 1850s. Townsend's four sons Townsend junior, Edwin, Richard and Frank also became photographers. 132 Pierce worked as a manager for Townsend junior who operated a photographic studio at 150 Rundle Street Adelaide (1884-1891) and later moved to 59 Rundle 133 Street (1892-c1900).

Pierce also worked as manager for Hammer & Co Studio. William Hammer operated several studios in Adelaide including those at 6 Rundle Street (1882-1900), 172 Rundle Street (1882-1886), 44 134 Rundle Street (1887) and St Vincent Street, Port Adelaide (1887-1900). In early 1897 Pierce's eldest son, Harold aged eighteen years, joined him at Hammer's where he was employed as a 135 colourist and retoucher.

From 1890 to 1894 Pierce is listed as a photographer, Halifax Street, Adelaide. His residence was on the south side of Halifax street between Killua Place [Ada Street] and Power Street. In 1890 his 136 neighbours were John Tucker, a civil servant and Mrs E Peddler. In 1892 his neighbours were Mr 137 Gordon, a stationer and Mrs James R Tait. 125 Descendant Sally Garrett phone call to Cora Num, November 2000. 126 Descendant SallyGarrett 15 December 2000. 127 CAZNEAUXHarold, Cazneaux The Quiet Observer, page 2. 128 Concise Encyclopedia of Australia and New Zealand, page 452. 129 Internetsite- New Zealand Virtual Tour: Mount Tarawera Eruption. 13 ° CATO Jack, The Story of the Camera in Australia, page 150. 131 Descendant SallyGarrett phone call to Cora Num. November 2000. 132 Internet Site - PhotohistorySA. 133 Peake AG, Sources for South Australian History, page 174. 134 Ibid page 176. 135 Internet Site - The Cazneaux Family of Photographers. 136 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directory, 1890 page 232, 1891 page 337, 1893 page 251, 1894 page 261. 137 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directory,1893, page 23. 27 On the 9 March 1892 Emma Cazneau was admitted to Adelaide hospital where she died of chronic phthisis on 24 March. 138 Phthisis is a progressive wasting disease otherwise known as tuberculosis. Her death certificate lists her residence as Halifax street and her age as 30 years, though she was in fact closer to 37 years old. 139 Her death was recorded in The Chronicle. CAZNEAU - On the 24 March, Emma Florence the beloved wife of Pierce Mott Cazneau, aged 31 years. Wellington (NZ) papers please copy. 140

Emma was one of eleven children and all of her brothers and sisters, except Lillian and Richard, who died as a child, died of tuberculosis. Her brother John survived the longest, dying aged 43 years. Her brothers James and Frederick both died aged 21 years. Most of the others died in their thirties.

Emma's death occurred six days before her son Harold's fourteenth birthday. Pierce was left with four young children to care for. The youngest child, Gerald, was seven years old when his mother died.

From 1895 to 1898 Pierce is not listed in the South Australian directories. Following Emma's death Pierce and his sons Harold, Major and Gerald moved to the hills above Adelaide where Pierce had been allocated a homestead perpetual lease at Scott Creek. 141 The boys attended the Scott Creek School from 4 June 1884. 142 Carmen remained in Adelaide with the Harley family.

On 28 December 1895 Pierce was remarried to Christina Margaret Jane Harley at the home of her brother, Andrew Harley and his wife Eliza, at Cowandilla, Hilton SA. The marriage record lists Pierce, as living at Mt Lofty, aged 42 years and Christina aged 28 years. 143 Pierce was in fact 46 years old at the time. Christina Harley was born on 12 October 1867 the daughter of John Harley 1 and Christena nee Cuthell. 44 Christina also worked forHammer's Studio.

Following their marriage Pierce and Christina (Tean) lived at Scott Creek. While there Pierce again became a father when his new wife gave birth to twin sons, Harley John and Pierce Harley on 3 November 1896. 145 Pierce's daughter Carmen, then aged fourteen, came to Scott Creek to help with the new twins. The family remained at Scott Creek until April 1897 when Gerald is recorded as leaving the Scott Creek School. 146

From 1899 to 1903 Pierce Cazneau is listed in Sands directory as a photographer, Rugby.147 Rugby was a subdivision, of part section 279 in the hundred of Adelaide, made by Charles and Richard

138 Adelaide Hospital Admission Register 1840-c1900, card index held by The South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society. Source GRG78/49/7 (458) 1 9 3 Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages forthe State of South Australia, Marriage Certificate, no 289, 24 March 1892, district of Adelaide. 140 The Chronicle [Adelaide], Saturday, 2 April 1892, page 4, column b. 1 1 4 Homestead Perpetual Lease, no 3817, allocated 1894-1897 and dated 1 February 1898. Information supplied by Sally Garrett. 142 Information supplied by Sally Garrett, 15 December 2000. 143 District Registrar's Records held on microfiche by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Adelaide Marriages, 1895, fiche 16. 1 44 South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, South Australian Births: Registrations 1842 to 1906, Adelaide 1867, book 58, page 51. 145 Ibid, Norwood, 1896, book 593, page 86. 146 Information supplied by Sally Garrett, 15 December 2000. 147 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directory, 1899 page 411, 1900 page 424, 1901 page 402, 1903. 28 148 Baker. It is now included in the suburb of Payneham. The Rugby subdivision was situated in a triangular section with its apex at the south west comer of Payneham and WellingtonRoads (now Portrush Road). In 1885 a property in the area, Evandale House, was offered for sale. It had thirteen apartments and a beautifully set out eight acre garden. The property was bought by William 149 Henry Hammer, the professional photographer. Hammer and his family had arrived in Adelaide 1 aboard the ship Corona on 3 October 1880. 50 It is possible that Pierce Cazneau was offered one of these apartments in Evandale House as part of his conditions when he was employed by William Hammer. Around 1910 William Hammer put Evandale House on the market because believed his views to the Adelaide Hills were being disfigured by the Methodist cemetery growing steadily 1 1 larger and more lugubrious. 5

By March 1903 Pierce and his family were living at Malvern. His third child, by his second wife, 1 2 Dorothy Harley was born at Malvern on 6 March 1903. 5 From 1903 until 1906 the Cazneau's lived at Cheltenham Street, Malvern on the south side ofRugby Street.

From 1907 to 1910 they lived at Railway Terrace, Mile End, Thebarton. On 6 May 1910 the certificate of title for land in Ebor Ave, Mile End in West Adelaide was granted to Christina Cazneau. 153 The house was situated on the west side of the street, on the right side from Henley Beach Road and Norma Street. In 1913 the neighbours were Miss B Millwood and ER Louis, a 1 gardener. 54

In 1919 the directory entry lists Pierce Cazneau at 52 Ebor Ave, Mile End. Pierce continued to 1 reside at this address up until his death. He died there on 20 April 1928, aged 78 years. 55 He was 1 privately buried in West Terrace cemetery on Saturday 21 April 1928. 56

Christina Cazneau died in Adelaide hospital on 17 February 1938. She was living at Nilka Henley Beach at the time of her death. This property, fronting onto the Esplanade and backing onto Sea 1 ViewRoad had been left to Christina by Marion Harley who died on 18 January 1935. 57 In her will Christina left this property to her son, Pierce, an engineer. He also purchased the adjoining, 1 8 attached, property on 30 December 1938. 5 The Ebor Avenue property was left to her daughter, 1 9 Dorothy along with all her household furniture and effects. 5

1 48 MANNING GeoffreyH, The Romance ofPlace Names of South Australia, page 182. 149 WARBURTON James W, Payneham Garden Village to City, page 34. 1 0 5 STATTON Jill, Biographical Index of South Australians 1836-1885, volume II, page 657. 1 1 5 WARBURTON James W, Payneham Garden Village to City,page 34. 1 2 5 South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, South Australian Births: Registrations 1842 to 1906, Adelaide, 1903, book 708, page 464. 1 3 5 Land Titles Office, Certificate of Title, Volume 832, folio 31, portions 514, 515 and 516 of section 48. 1 54 Sands and McDougalls South Australian Directory, 1903 to 1915. 1 55 Death Notice, TheAdvertiser Adelaide, Saturday, 21 April 1928, page 12, col d. 1 6 5 Funeral Notice, TheAdvertiser Adelaide, Monday 23 April 1928, page 6, col c. 57 ! Land Titles Office, Certificate of Title, volume 1053, folio 66. 1 8 5 Land Titles Office, Certificate of Title, volume 1053, folio65. 1 9 5 Supreme Court of South Australia, Probate Registry, copy of the last will and testament of Christina Cazneau, Henley Beach, 17 February 1938 number 70617. 29 Pierce Cazneau was one of Australia's great photographic operators and he is particularly remembered for his ingenious screens on castors which he used to pull around the studio to control the light on his subjects. 160 Apart from his passion for photography Pierce fostered a love of the arts within his family, particularly the theatre and music. Through his interest in music he become an accomplished cellist and he played with amateur orchestras. 161 162 While in New Zealand Emma and Pierce Cazneau were involved with music, the arts and theatre with Emma being involved in the Wellington Amateur Dramatic Club's theatrical productions. 163

Harold Cazneaux and wife Mabel nee Hodge, the eldest son of Pierce Mott and Emily Cazneau

16° CATO Jack, The Storyof the Camera in Australia, page 151. 161 CAZNEAUX Harold, Cazneaux The Quiet Observer, page 2. 162 The Cazneau family has in their possession a letter from Pierce's contemporary Edwin Hill, a New Zealand tenor and brother of the composer Alfred Hill, in which he states that Pierce was a'real good cellist' 163 Emma Cazneau is mentioned in Thespian Memories by H E Nicholls as one of the Wellington Amateur Dramatic Club's members who took part in amateur theatrical productions. 30 Name: Pierce Mott Cazneau

Birth: 23 Nov 1849 Place: Birkenhead, Co Cheshire, ENG Occupation: Photographer Death: 20 Apr 1928 Place: Mile End, Adelaide, SA Immigration: 'Great Britain' to Melbourne17 Apr 1857 with mother and four brothers Father: Edward Lancelott Cazneau (~ 1808-185 6) Mother: Margaret Sharpe (~1817-1893) Other Spouses: Christina Margaret Jane Harley Marriage: 23 Dec 1876 Place: Wellington, New Zealand

Spouse 1: Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley

Birth: abt 1855 Place: Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, AUS Occupation: Photo Colourist Death: 24 Mar 1892 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Father: Richard Bentley (1815-1875) Mother: Ellen Lawless (~ 1821-1902)

Children: lM: Harold Pierce Cazneaux Birth: 30 Mar 1878 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Death: 19 Jun 1953 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Spouse: Mabel Winifred Hodge Marriage: 1 Sep 1905 Place: Lewisham, NSW, AUS

2M: Major Gordon Cazneaux Birth: 1880 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Death: 7 Sep 1941 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Spouse: Lizzie G Clark nee Provest Marriage: 1915 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

3 F: Carmen Cazneaux Birth: 4 Mar 1882 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Death: 1966 Place: ...... Spouse: Roy Penwarden (Ralph) Hammer Marriage: 6 Sep 1905 Place: Unley, St Augustine's Church, SA, AUS

4M: Gerald Cazneaux Birth: 10 Aug 1884 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Death: 15 Oct 1901 Place: Payneham, SA, AUS

31 Name: PierceMott Cazneau

Birth: 23 Nov 1849 Place: Birkenhead, Co Cheshire, ENG Occupation: Photographer Death: 20 Apr 1928 Place: Mile End, Adelaide, SA Immigration: 'Great Britain' to Melbourne 17 Apr 1857 with mother and four brothers Father: Edward Lancelott Cazneau (~1808-1856 ) Mother: Margaret Sharpe (~1817-1893 ) Other Spouses: Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley Marriage: 28 Dec 1895 Place: Cowandilla, Hilton, SA, AUS

Spouse 2: ChristinaMargaret Jane Harley

Birth: 12 Oct 1867 Place: Hindmarsh, SA, AUS Death: 17Feb1938 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Father: John Harley Mother: Christena Cuthell

Children:

IM: Harley John Cazneau (Twin) Birth: 3 Nov1896 Place: Norwood, SA, AUS Death: 31 Mar 1960 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Spouse: Stella Maxine Francis Marriage: Place: ......

2M: Pierce Harley Cazneau (Twin) Birth: 3 Nov 1896 Place: Norwood, SA, AUS Death: 1981 Place: ...... Spouse: Dorothy Elizabeth Bartlett Marriage: ...... Place: ......

3 F: Dorothy Harley Cazneau Birth: 6 Mar 1903 Place: Malvern, SA, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: William M Minear Marriage: Place: ......

32 Name: Harold Pierce Cazneaux

Birth: 30 Mar 1878 Place: Wellington, New Zealand Death: 19 Jun 1953 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Father: Pierce Mott Cazneau ( 1849-1928) Mother: Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley (~1855-1892) Marriage: 1 Sep 1905 Place: Lewisham, NSW, AUS

Spouse: Mabel Winifred Hodge

Birth: 14 Aug 1882 Place: Norwood, Adelaide, SA, AUS Death: Nov 1970 Place: Sydney, NSW, A�S Father: John Hodge (1829-1888) Mother: ElizabethShort ( 1842-1922)

Children:

1 F: Rainbow Winifred Cazneaux Birth: 17 May 1908 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Hugh Malanai Johnson Marriage: 5 Jun 1934 Place: Roseville, St Andrew's, NSW, AUS

2 F: Jean Lillian Cazneaux Birth: 7 Oct 1909 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Eric James Blundell Marriage: 31 Dec 1943 Place: Roseville, St Andrew's, NSW, AUS

3 F: May Beryl Cazneaux Birth: 29 Mar 1911 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: 30 Apr 1996 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

4 F: Carmen Florence Cazneaux Birth: 4 Apr 1913 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Vincent Frederick C Field Marriage: 1943 Place: Roseville, St Andrew's, NSW, AUS

SF: Joan Cazneaux Birth: 29 Jan 1916 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Death: 18 Jun 2004 Place: Terrey Hills, NSW, AUS Spouse: Herbert Stanley Smith Marriage: 24 Feb 1940 Place: St Andrew's Church, Roseville NSW, AUS

6M: Harold Ramsay Cazneaux Birth: 13 Mar 1920 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: 14 Sep 1941 Place: Tobruk, North Africa

A detailed biography forHarold Pierce Cazneaux can be found in Cazneaux The Quiet Observer by Harold Cazneaux and published by the National Library of Australia, Canberra, 2nd edn, 1997.

33 Harold and Winifred Cazneaux and Family - Christmas Day 1946 in the garden at the family home Dudley Avenue, Roseville. Back Row: L to R Harold Cazneaux, Beryl, Vincent Field, Carmen, Jean and husband Eric Blundell, Joan and husband Herb Smith. Front Row: Rainbow (Johnson), daughter Sally, Winifred Cazneaux with Dick Smith on her knee, Barbara Smith, Robert Johnson.

Harold and Winifred Cazneaux and Family on the front steps of 17 Dudley Avenue, Roseville. Rainbow's rented home then shared with Joan and family. Back Row L to R: Harold Cazneaux, Robert Johnson, Winifred Cazneaux, Barbara Smith, Joan seated. Middle Row: Beryl, Sally Johnson, Jean, Eric Blundell holding daughter Joan. Front Row: Herb Smith holding Margaret Blundell and centre front Dick Smith.

34 Joan Cazneaux (1916-2004)1 64

Joan Cazneaux was born 29 January 1916 at her parents' home in the Sydney suburb of Roseville. She was the fifth daughter of Harold Pierce Cazneaux and Winifred nee Hodge. Their only son Harold was born four years later in 1920.

My sisters were eight, seven, five and three years older than me. My earliest memories are from about three years of age. I was always with my sisters being 'looked after' then I was the 'baby brother minder' because by this time my four sisters were at school. My memories of everything are exaggerated in size, naturally, huge fruit trees in the orchard, a 'heaven of blossoms' overhead in spring time. I would watch my sisters going to and from school from the front windows and they would come into sight across the valley in between our house and the Roseville school.

Later they all went to Lindfield school because at this stage Roseville school only went to second or third class and did not become a primary school until 1923. I used to watch my sisters climb through the gap in the back fence to walk through bush to Clanville Road and then the long walk to Lindfield school on Gordon Road (now the Pacific Highway). We had our own bushland at the end of our place and there was a rockery that had been built between the bush and the orchard. We also always had a chook yard.

My father was a photographer and my sisters and I often posed for him and many of these photographs later became exhibition works. My father worked for many years at Freemans Studio in Sydney. He left in 1918 to 'try to go it alone' working from city rooms of a photographic friend and from ourRoseville house. Eventually, after a severe breakdown in health, he established a studio at our Roseville home using the third bedroom as the darkroom and the front lounge as the workroom.

Joan Cazneaux and her sisters posing for her father Harold Cazneaux L to R: Jean, Beryl, Rainbow, Carmen and Joan (seated).

164A profile written by Joan Smith nee Cazneaux 1999. 35 These are my earliest memories, a business attached to, and in, the home. I accepted it as the 'norm'. Later, people would be coming and going from the studio that had been built onto the east side of the house with a passageway attached to the darkroom. Saturday afternoons often saw wedding cars arrive with brides etc. I thought nothing of it and we would continue playing up in the orchard, chasing the chooks or dressing up.

In 1922 having just turned six it was decided it was time for me to go to school, but not alone through the bush to Roseville school as my older sisters had done earlier, but to Lindfieldwith them. It was a long way, especially on hot summer days. The next year, 1923, Roseville was granted primary school status and I started my 'real' schooling there, leaving at the end of 1928 having completed sixth class. My brother who was four years younger later attended Roseville school. However, even though I had a big family, school life was mostly on my own. My sisters were good at drawing, they filled books with drawings and contributed to Sunday newspapers and competitions, so naturally I drew also.

After leaving Roseville school I attended Chatswood Domestic Science School at Chatswood. It later became Willoughby Girls High School. By this time art classes had been started at the East Sydney Technical College which was located in the reopened old gaol in Darlinghurst. My three eldest sisters were at work by this time and they attended art classes at night from 7 pm to 9 pm. My sister Carmen, born1913, had started two years earlier as a fulltime day student. Domestic science school did not suit me at all and after my second year there I was allowed to leave and join Carmen at the Tech, as we then called it. I had just turned fifteen years old.

I was at the Tech for three years and in my final year I studied commercial arts with a view to working in that field. However owing to the great depression, which was at its height in 1933, there were no such jobs available. My eldest sister Rainbow, born 1908, worked in my father'ss tudio. She was to be married the following year and would be leaving, as one did in those days. I took her place and worked as assistant to my father until I married in 1940. After my marriage I continued working part time until my father died in 1953.

We were not a sporting family, rather the opposite. Two of my sisters played the piano and so did my mother. My father had a artist's background so there were lovely books and pictures around the home and a beautiful garden. I helped keep the developing garden in order doing mowing, cutting the huge hedge etc. etc. The many fruit trees in the orchard kept us busy. We made jams, preserves and so on. Our outside activities were mainly bush picnics or walking miles to the local baths at Middle Harbour. When my father purchased a car there were lots of trips to the beach, mainly Dee Why or the countryside. Often my father was on a 'job' photographing a client's property at Camden or Palm Beach. We played cards at night, read books and occasionally went to the pictures or a dance. We hired rowing boats from Smith's Boat Shed and rowed upstream to the head waters, once we even rowed to Balmoral.

When I was eighteen I met my future husband, Herb Smith, at a dance. We kept company for about five years until he earned enough wage to marry. His wage was £2.12.6 when he turned twenty three. Herbert Stanley Smith, the son of Charles Smith and Alma Gudgeon was born at Mudgee on 5 June 1916.

We were married on 24 February 1940 at St Andrew's Church at Roseville. I sewed all my trousseau including my wedding dress. We made everything we wore in those hard days.

36 We lived with Herb's mother, Alma Smith nee Gudgeon. She was a widow who depended on Herb's contribution to pay the mortgage on her house in Artarmon. Shortly after our marriage she took a live-in position at Burnside Homes and would return to her Artarmon house on her 1 ½ days off. I continued to work part-time at my father's studio. In December 1941 Herb's mother died suddenly and the house had to be sold. The money left over from the mortgage (£360) was shared between Herb and his brother Dudley.

It was World War Two and Herb was about to join the army so he used his share of the money to purchase a block of land in Roseville Chase for £180. Our first child, Barbara was born on 12 May 1942. Herb was in the army so I went and shared my eldest sister Rainbow's rented house which was in Dudley A venue, across the road from my parents' home. I ended up staying there for seven years. My sister's husband, Hugh Johnson, had lost his fife in the Navy in 1943 so we stayed on together. 165

Our son, Richard Harold (always called Dick) was born on 18 March 1944. When the war ended, Herb returned in December 1945 to see his two children. He had never seen his son Dick.

Joan Smith nee Cazneaux with children Barbara and Dick - 1944

Herb received a loan from the War Service and we hoped to build a house on our block of land at Roseville Chase but it was £500 short of the cost of the house which had to be full double brick because it was in Ku-ring-gai. We did not have enough money to build until 1949 when Herb was able to get a private loan which we paid offover five years and we could just manage to live on the balance. After paying offthe private loan with easy payments on the Army loan we were for the first time able to buy furniture and other household goods.

During the war years I helped where I could. I sewed and cut out garments for the Ku-ring-gai women war workers and sold war saving certificates. After the war I joined the Roseville RSL ladies

165 Commonwealth War Graves Commission's online Debt of Honour Register: Commander Hugh Malanai Johnson died Tuesday 20 July 1943, age 38, whilst serving on H.M.A.S. Hobart. Commemorative Information: Plymouth Naval Memorial, Devon, United Kingdom, panel 83, column 3. 37 auxiliary and helped for many years raising money, mainly for the Northcotte Neurological Centre (for returnedsoldiers mentally ill) and to establish the Roseville RSL building.

Barbara and Dick attended Roseville School between the years 1947 and 1956. During this time I worked for the Mothers Club as secretary for two years, was on the ladies auxiliary for the primary school and the Parents and Citizens organisation helping to raise money for many necessary things that Roseville school lacked in those earlier days. I also helped occasionally at North Sydney Girls school where Barbara attended and later at North Sydney Boys Technical High, Dick's school.

Roseville Chase in those days had no facilities for social events and I served on the committee to establish the Roseville Chase Community Centre which enabled the community to cater for many groups and activities including the girl guides, musical society, ballet classes, art exhibitions and many others. I also served on the committee for the Scout Hall at East Roseville.

My father died on 19 June 1953 and Herb encouraged me to return to art. I joined the local class held by Joy Ewart at Chatswood. There, through her teaching, I found a renewed interest in the possibilities art offered and realised there was more to art than just copying. Joy Ewart started print-making classes which I joined. Later I helped Joy, her students and the parents of Joy's childrens' classes to establish the Workshop Arts Centre at Willoughby in 1963. I served on the committee for many years, was secretary for sometime, hung exhibitions, cleaned and organised openings and functions. Later I was honoured with life membership. During this time I studied printmaking, painting and sculpture. I showed my work at workshop exhibitions and demonstrated print-making until I moved away fromSydney in 1970.

I attended many adult education classes run by the Workers' Educational Association (WEA). These were held around Sydney and covered topics such as history, literature, art and poetry to name a few of the many offered. They also held weekend summer schools in conjunction with the courses. These were held at David Stewart House, Newport.

In 1957 Herb suffered a breakdown and we were left with several thousand dollars owing to family and friends who had invested in Herb's printing company. I took up retouching at night and dressmaking and for one year took a full time, Monday to Friday, job as a housekeeper and baby carer. Later I returned to my art interests when the money was paid back.

In 1965 Herb and I took a business trip up the New South Wales coast. There we saw, and signed up for, a land development at Dunbogan. Again with no money backup we borrowed the £800 for the fourblocks and paid it offover the next fouryears. By this time both our children were married. Herb decided for his health's sake to leave Sydney and start an oyster lease as a money earner. We moved to our land in 1970 and helped build our house. We employed a builder and then we worked for him. The house we built included a studio for me.

It was a terrible blow forme to leave my art friends and the art centre. However the previous year I had a small exhibition of prints at The Rocks Galley, Sydney and the director of the gallery suggested that I show my prints to the owner of a pottery gallery, called Thrumster, at Port Macquarie. This turned out to be an opportunity for my work that possibly would never have happened if I stayed in Sydney. The owners of Thrumster Village, Dorothy and Jack Hope liked my framed prints and immediately hung them and did so for the next fifteen years until they sold Thumster and the gallery closed. My prints and paintings sold as fast as I could make them! The

38 publicity attracted people wanting to learn print-making and these also included other local galleries, groups and schools. I taught and gave demonstrations and talks to these interested groups.

Before I had left Sydney in 1970 I had formed a group called The Print Circle with fellow print makers. The group had its first exhibition in 1971 and is still going in strength today, though few of the original members are left. In 1970 I was nominated ( one bad to be) as a member of the Sydney Print Makers, the top group. Both of these groups showed annually at Sydney's best galleries. Fortunately these groups enabled me to keep to a critical standard for myself, even though I was isolated from my fellow artists. Before I left Sydney I had been sending my work to local art exhibitions around Sydney, Mosman, Lane Cove and Trinity Grammar School. This I continued to do along with sending work to numerous country town art exhibitions. I received several 1 st awards formy efforts. 166 If I had not left Sydney I may not have tried so hard.

When you live in a small country town you join the local groups such as the Arts council, discussion groups, World Vision and others. I raised money for them through my print-making. The biggest challenge came when Laurieton was given the licence from the State Government to build a nursing home for dementia patients. The Laurieton district had the highest age per capita in the country because it was a highly favoured area for retirement. The Camden Haven Aged Persons Care Association (CHAPCA) was formed at a big public meeting. I worked forseveral years as one of a small committee comprising of mostly local business men and women. Being an artist was my use I guess. Through art auctions, art draws, which we always held when the town was full of tourists, and sales of my work I personally raised over $22,000. Eventually, even though $500,000 was raised over four years, the plan was shelved because the money raised was not sufficient and the State could not help. CHAPCA gave the licence to build the dementia unit to Port Macquarie. The money raised was invested and has now become $800,000. A dementia wing attached to the local nursing home in Laurieton was opened in 2001. For my community work, especially this project, I was awarded an Australia Day Medal for achievement on 26 January 1990 by the Australia Day Council. I also later received the NSW Premiers Award.

I would like to acknowledge the role that Herb played in all that I did in those years in Laurieton. Without his unending support I could not have done it. He made the boards for my paintings, helped stretch canvas and silk for my screens, to name a few, but his greatest contribution was to drive me everywhere (as I did not drive). This included carting my work to exhibitions, picking up parcels from the railway head, to giving demonstrations and so on. All the works for sale at Thrumster village and a few other local galleries were delivered by Herb and his support with my work for CHAPCA was untiring. Not forgetting, of course, that it was through Herb's encouragement that I took up art again after my father died.

Another community and personal contribution was to print about 3,500 contacts off my father's glass negatives and help list all the information concerning his priceless collection before it was presented to the National Library of Australia where it is now available for all to view and use.

In 1991 when we found that Herb bad developed Alzheimer's Disease we returned to Sydney and once again lived in a suitable house in Roseville. Herb attended the Richard Geeves Day Care Centre twice a week and I helped on a committee to raise money for improvements they needed. I also helped at the State Library of New South Wales in their Image Library working on the Hood Collection. 166 1st prizes awarded: Lane Cove 1969, Laurieton 1971, Taree 1973 (two 1st prizes), Kempsey 1973, Narrabri 1975 and 1980, Kyogle 1977, Tamworth 1977, Port Macquarie 1980, Boggabri 1985. 39 In early 1994 I managed to produce some new work and along with some of my earlier work I staged my last 'one-man exhibition' at the Workshop Arts Centre.

In 1994 Herb went into full time care at Wesley Gardens where I visited him every second day. I kept busy with several voluntary organisations and I am still involved. These include stenciled street gutters for Middle Harbour catchment management and the production of 100 posters for the cause, bush care at nearby Holly Park and helping with children's walks for Willoughby Council to name a few.

Herb died on 28 September 1998. We had been married for nearly sixty years. We supported each other through thick and thin. I have no regrets thankfully.

************************** Just prior to Joan and Herb returning to Sydney in 1991, Clare Foster from the Camden Haven Quota club wrote "I have been touched by Joan's talent, her generosity, tolerance and love of the arts and of all nature and all humanity. Joan coped with her move from Sydney by sharing her talents with our local people. She ran art classes, teaching silk screen, woodcut and various subjects. She encouraged local ladies to develop into something real and pleasing what they thought were their very limited talents. She formed womens groups, under the tutorship of the Armidale University, to listen to worthwhile drama, read good books and discuss subjects which developed their understanding of the arts and world affairs...... Joan was extremely generous in helping all organisations in our area, designing and printing posters, advising whenever needed. Not one charity has been left without the trademark of Joan Smith.... The Camden Haven area is so much the richer because Joan Smith passed this way."

40 Name: Joan Cazneaux

Birth: 29 Jan 1916 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Father: Harold Pierce Cazneaux (1878-1953) Mother: Mabel WinifredHodge (1882-1970) Marriage: 24 Feb 1940 Place: St Andrew's Church, Roseville, NSW, AUS

Spouse: Herbert Stanley Smith

Birth: 5 Jun 1916 Place: Mudgee, NSW, AUS Death: 28 Sep 1998 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Father: Charles Henry Hector Smith (1883-1933) Mother: Alma Gudgeon (1891-1939)

Children:

1. F Child: Barbara Joan Smith Birth: 12 May 1942 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Death: Place: Spouse: Stephen Goldner Marriage: Jui 1963 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS

1. M Child: Richard Harold (Dick) Smith Birth: 18 Mar 1944 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Death: Place: Spouse: Philippa Aird McManamey Marriage: 26 Mar 1969 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS

41 Bub111n Joan Smith

Birth: 12 May 1941 Pla<:e: Roscvillc, SW, AUS.

De-aih: Plil-Ci!� ----, .....,., .• , .. , I" ...... 1 Fmltor: Hc-rbctt S�l'lle-y :Smith ( l 9 l 6- I W8) Modior. foan Cazo�IIX (1916- :WO-C) M l;'!'i3gc: Jul I 5'163 Pln.cc; Rosc,·ille, NSW, AUS

Spoan;

Birlh: Place: ...u ., ,,., ...... ·-·-�-----· , ••• ,,, ,. Death: Pl3c:c: ...... , ...... Fatbe,r: MolhN:

Children:

1 F: AlisOrl Goldnc. Birtb: L:3 Dec 1965 Place: Melbourne_. VIC. AUS DcaH1; Place: ·-·"'' ,., ,., , ...... , , ,

2 M: David G

Daa.rh.: p��e: "' ,,.,••• •• • 0 t■ I I 1•1 tl"'•-•• ,.,, •••

3M; Andrl!M' Gold�l!r .l:hrt'h; 17 May 197L Pla1:e; Syilitc)'. :-.4SW.AUS Dt:i!lh: Plac�; ...... ,., .. ,• ......

42 Name: Richard Harold (Dick) Smith

Birth: 18 Mar 1944 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Father: Herbert Stanley Smith (1916-1998) Mother: Joan Cazneaux (1916-2004) Marriage: 26 Mar 1969 Place: Roseville, NSW, AUS

Spouse: Philippa Aird McManamey

Birth: 19 Jui 1949 Place: Cremorne, NSW, AUS Death: Place: ...... Father: Peter James McManamey Mother: Helen Joy Bowers

Children:

1 F: Hayley Jennifer Smith Birth: 22 Jui 1972 Place: St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: James William Baillie Marriage: 24 Mar 2001 Place: Byron Bay, NSW, AUS

2 F: Jennifer Suzanne Smith Birth: 25 Jun 1974 Place: St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: ...... Place: ......

43 Richard Bentley (1815-1875) 161

Richard Bentley was born in county Dublin, Ireland 24 April 1815, the son of John Bentley, a gardener and his wife Elizabeth. He was baptised in the Church of Ireland at Balbriggan, in the 168 parish ofBalrothery, in May 1815. Balbriggan is situated on the east coast ofireland,just north of the city of Dublin. Nothing is known of Richard's childhood or his life prior to his marriage to Ellen Lawless in Dublin sometime around 1836.

Richard's young bride, Ellen, was also born in County Dublin about 1820 and was baptised in the 169 Catholic Church at Balrothery in January 1821. She was the daughter of Simon Lawless and Mary Lerok. 170 The young couple settled in the Holmpatrick area of County Dublin and this is where their son John was born in 183 7. He was baptised there on 24 June 183 7. Their daughter Ellen, born in 1839, was also baptised in Holmpatrick on 30 June 1839. 171 The parish ofHolmpatrick is on the east coast of Ireland, north of the city of Dublin in the barony ofBalrothery East.

Sometime following the birth of their two eldest children the young couple decided to emigrate to Australia. The circumstances surrounding their decision to emigrate are unknown. They may have had family or friends who had already emigrated or they may have just been swayed by the promises of the emigration agents who were encouraging qualified people to emigrate. Both Ellen and Richard were tradespeople, Ellen being a needle woman and Richard a shoemaker. Lifewas not easy for the working classes in Ireland and emigration offered the hope of a new and better life for them and their family.

The young family departed the port of Liverpool on 16 July 1840 aboard the ship Argyllshire. Family legend relates that during the voyage Richard suffered badly from sea sickness, a condition 1 that was only relieved by drinking stout. 72 TheArgyllshire arrived in Sydney on 12 November 1840 just six days prior to the arrival of the Eden which was the last convict ship to unload convicts in 173 New South Wales. The cessation of transportation prompted an increase in assisted migration to New South Wales in an attempt to alleviate the labour shortage.

The Bentley family was one of many assisted emigrants brought to New South Wales as part of a bounty scheme. They were brought out by A B Smith and Company on a bounty of £48. The bounty schemes that operated at the time were designed to attract skilled farmers, agricultural workers, tradespeople and artisans to the colony. Recruiting agents sought out applicants with the desirable skills, right age group (under thirty) and good health in the British Isles and encouraged them to emigrate. Newly married couples, single men and single women were given preference. These schemes were funded by the sale of land in the colony. Richard and Ellen were in the right age group, had sought after trades and were not long married.

167 This profile is based on the Family History Notes by John Pickerton of 18 Goodparla Street, Hawker ACT, 28 March 1987 with the valuable assistance of Rainbow Johnson ofRoseville acknowledged. 168 SRNSW, Assisted (Bounty) Immigrants Arriving Sydney1828-1842, Argyllshire, SR reel 1309. 169 Ibid - the record notes that on arrival in NSW Ellen did not have a certificate of baptism though John Smyth, pastor ofBalcothery certifiedthat she was baptised in January 1821. 170 SRNSW, Assisted (Bounty) Immigrants Arriving Sydney 1828-1842, Argyllshire, SR reel 1309. 111 Ibid 1 72 Pinkerton John, relating a tale told by Ellen Bentley to her granddaughter Lillian Peisley. 173 Bateson Charles, The Convict Ships 1787-1868, page 277. 44 When the Bentley family arrived in Sydney the estimated population of New South Wales was 174 127,468. The newly arrived family settled west of Sydney at Smithfield near Prospect where Richard worked as a shoemaker. A meat works had been established in the area in the 1830s and the 175 suburb was named Smithfield, after meat works in London and Dublin.

Richard and Ellen's next two children were born there, Joseph in 1842 and Mary Ann (known as Laura) on 14 August 1844. When Mary was baptised at the Church of England, Camperdown on 15 176 May 1 846, the family were still residents of Smithfield. Sons Thomas Walter, James and Frederick were born about 18 46, 1 849 and 1854 followed by daughters Emily Florence (Emma) in 1855 and Lillian Elizabeth in 1856. Emma married Pierce Mott Cazneau (qv). By 1857 when son Richard was born on 22 October 1857 the family were living at Castlereagh Street, Sydney where Richard was working as a bootmaker. 177 Their youngest child George Richard was born at Fitzroy Street, Sydney 178 on 17 June 18 62.

The family lived in Fitzroy Street until 1868 when they moved to 470 Bourke Street, Surry Hills. 179 This was a large two storey terrace house.

Richard Bentley died on 28 April 1 875 at 16 Hutchinson Street, Surry Hills of heart disease. He is buried in the Rookwood cemetery, Sydney.

It is very sad to realise that all the Bentley children, except Richard who died as a child and Lillian, died from tuberculosis. James died in 1 871 aged 21 years. Ellen died in 1874, aged 35 years, while at Jambaroo trying to recover from the disease. Frederick died at Woolloomooloo in 1875, aged 21 years. Joseph died in 1875 at Redfern, aged 33 years. Mary died in Surry Hills in 1 875, aged 31 years and left a husband (John Thomas Jones) and two young children. Thomas died in Sydney in 1876, aged 30 years, He was a compositor for the Sydney Morning Herald and left a wife (Catherine Burkhill) and infant (Ellen). John died in Wagga Wagga in 1880 aged 43 years. He was a compositor and commission agent who left a wife (Jane Sophia Brooker) and five out of eight surviving children. George died in Sydney in 1 888 aged 25 years. Emma died in Adelaide hospital in 1892, aged 37 years. She lefta husband (Pierce Cazneau) and fouryoung children.

Life must have been extremely difficult for Ellen, especially 1875, the year she lost her husband, two sons and a daughter. She then lived to see another fourof her children die from tuberculosis.

Ellen was in her early eighties when she died on 12 January 1902 at the home of the Little Sisters of the Poor, Randwick. She was survived by her only surviving child, her daughter Lillian, who was married to George Peisley. Lillian died of cancer in 1904, aged 48 years.

174 BARKER A, When Was That? Chronologyof Australia from 1788, page 107. 175 APPLETON Richard & Barbara, The Cambridge Dictionary of Australian Places, page 272. 176 Register General of New South Wales, Baptism Register, 1846, no 2895, volume 31.

177 Register General of New South Wales, Birth Certificate, Richard Bentley, 1857, Sydney, no 2086. 8 17 Register General of New South Wales, Birth Certificate,George Bentley, 1862, Sydney, no 1437. 179 Sands Sydney Directory, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1873. 45 Name: Richard Bentley

Birth: 24 Apr 1815 Place: Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland Occupation: Shoemaker/Bootmaker Death: 28 Apr 1875 Place: Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW Immigration: 'Argyllshire' to Sydney 12 Nov 1840 Father: John Bentley Mother: Elizabeth Bentley (MNU) Marriage: abt 1836 Place: Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland

Spouse: Ellen Lawless

Birth: abt 1821 Place: Co Dublin, Ireland Occupation: Needle woman Death: 12 Jan 1902 Place: Randwick, NSW, AUS Immigration: 'Argyllshire' to Sydney 12 Nov 1840 Father: Simon Lawless Mother: Mary Lerok

Children:

lM: John Bentley Birth: 1837 Place: Holmpatrick, Co Dublin, IRL Death: 23 Apr 1880 Place: Wagga Wagga, NSW, AUS Spouse: Jane Sophia (Sophia) Brooker Marriage: 1861 Place: Wagga Wagga, NSW, AUS

2F: Ellen Bentley Birth: 1839 Place: Holmpatrick, Co Dublin, IRL Death: 1874 Place: Jambaroo, NSW, AUS

3M: Joseph Bentley Birth: 1842 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: 1875 Place: Redfern, Sydney, NSW, AUS

4F: Mary Ann (Laura) Bentley Birth: 14 Aug 1844 Place: Smithfield, NSW, AUS Death: 5 Oct 1875 Place: Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, AUS Spouse: John Thomas Jones Marriage: 1869 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

SM: Thomas Walter Bentley Birth: abt 1846 Place: ...... Death: 1876 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Spouse: Catherine Burkhill Marriage: 1873 Place: Newcastle, NSW, AUS

6M: James Bentley Birth: abt 1849 Place: ...... Death: 1871 Place: ......

7M: Frederick Bentley Birth: abt 1854 Place: ...... Death: 1875 Place: Woolloomooloo, Sydney, NSW, AUS

46 SF: Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley Birth: abt 1855 Place: Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: 24 Mar 1892 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Spouse: Pierce Mott Cazneau Marriage: 23 Dec 1876 Place: Wellington, New Zealand

9 F: Lillian Elizabeth (Elizabeth) Bentley Birth: 1856 Place: ...... Death: 1904 Place: Paddington? Spouse: George R Peisley Marriage: 1877 Place: ......

10M: Richard Bentley Birth: 22 Oct 1857 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: bef 1875 Place: ......

11M: George Richard Bentley Birth: 17 Jun 1862 Place: Fitzroy Street, Sydney, NSW, AUS Death: 1888 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS

47 John Hodge (1829-1888)

John Hodge, the son of James Hodge, a baker, was born on 28 March 1829 in County Middlesex, England. John married Julia Mary Bone on 23 February 1851 at St John's Church, Waterloo, London, County Surrey.180 John was a lamp manufacturer at the time of his marriage. Both the bride and the groom are listed as residents of Vine Street and of 'full age' [over 21 years], though Julia would only have been sixteen years of age at the time. Julia, the daughter of William Bone, a porter, was bornabout 1834 in London, England.

Not long after their marriage and the birth of their first child, Lizzy Mary, in 1852, the young family emigrated to the colony of South Australia. They boarded the ship Steadfast in London and sailed on 29 July 1852. The official shipping records list John as a wheelwright, aged 23 years, 181 accompanied by his wife Julia, aged 18 years, and their infant daughter Lizzy. The Steadfast, a ship of 524 tons, under the command of Captain Thomas Spencer arrived in Adelaide on 18 182 November 1852 with 300 government emigrants on board. In 1852 the estimated population for the colony of South Australia was 68,663. 183 John is believed to have had two brothers, George and William Hodge, who emigrated to New South Wales and another brother, David, who remained in England. 184

Nothing is known of the Hodge family's life immediately following their arrival in Adelaide. It is possible John made his way to the Victorian gold fields in search of his fortune. It was during 1852 that the colony of Victoria's population doubled as a result of the gold rushes. John and Julia had a large family that numbered twelve children, seven daughters and five sons. A trip to the goldfields could account for the fact that it was three years before John and Julia's second child was born. 185 Their daughter, Alice Amy, was born in Adelaide on 16 November 1855. Their third child, a son, 186 Frederick George was born at Port Adelaide on 2 September 1857. The birth record lists John as a horseman at Port Adelaide. 187

188 In 1859 when their daughter Julia was born John was working as a clerk at Lefevre Peninsula. In 1860 when Isabella was born John was employed as a storeman at Lefevre Peninsula. 189 By 1862 190 when Minnie was bornhe is again working as a clerk at Lefevre Peninsula.

Lefevre Peninsula is the name given to the sandy tract lying between the Port Adelaide Creek, or entrance, and the waters of the Gulf of St Vincent. In 1866 it was a fashionable place of residence for many Port Adelaide businessmen and gentlemen. It was connected with Port Adelaide by a bridge and contained the small townships of Milunga and Weymouth. The jetty at Weymouth ran

180 General Register Office, Certified Copy of an Entry of Marriage, Index reference, March quarter 1851, Lambeth, volume IV, no 272. 181 OfficialPasse nger Lists, South Australia 1847-1886, fiche 52/18. 182 TheSouth Australian Register, Tuesday, 16 November 1852, page 2. 183 BARKER A, When Was That? Chronology ofAustralia from1788, page 137. 1 84 Descendant Sally Garrett 9 January 2002. 185 STATTON Jill, Biographical Indexof South Australians 1836-1885, volume II, page 753. 186 South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, South Australian Births: Registrations 1842 to 1906, 1857, Adelaide, book 11, page 158. 187 District Registrar's Records held on microfiche by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Adelaide, fiche15/43, page 158. 188 Ibid, Adelaide, fiche 3/21. 189 Ibid, Adelaide, fiche l 7 /21. 190 Ibid, Adelaide, fiche 30/39. 48 191 out into the Gulf and was used by mail and shipping reporters' boats to meet incoming vessels. Lefevre Peninsula was named by Governor Hindmarsh on 3 June 1837 after Sir John G Shaw-Lefevre who was one of the South Australian colonization commissioners. The local 192 aborigines knew the area as mudlanga.

From 1865 to 1867 Boothby' s directories list John Hodge as a clerk, Peninsula. In 1868 he is listed as the postmaster at Lefevre Peninsula. The previous postmaster was J Deslandes (1867). 193 This appears to be the start of John's career as a postmaster. He is listed in the 1872 and 1873 directories 194 as postmaster at Greenwich, Lefevre Peninsula. This position was held in conjunction with that of local storekeeper.

Greenwich was a subdivision made prior to October 1853 by Alexander McGeorge. It was part of section 1109 in the hundred of Adelaide and is now included in the current Adelaide suburb of 195 Exeter.

On 26 February 1875 Julia Hodge died at Lefevre Peninsula, aged 41 years. John Hodge was left with a family of seven children, aged between 22 years and eighteen months, to care for. Five of their children had died prior to Julia's death. Julia died intestate and as she possessed both real and personal estate letters of administration were granted on 6 July 1876 to her husband John Hodge, 196 storekeeper, Lefevre Peninsula. Her real and personal estate was sworn under £100.

John remarried seven months later to Elizabeth Short, a 33 year old spinster. Elizabeth, the daughter of William Marshall Short (qv) and Mary nee Sleeman was born on 9 September 1842 at Camelford County Cornwall, England. She arrived in Adelaide, aged 12 years, aboard the ship Magdalena on 197 16 January 1855 with her family. The couple were married on 7 September 1875 at the 198 congregational Stow Church, Adelaide.

From 1876 to 1882 John Hodge continued to hold the position of postmaster at Greenwich, Lefevre Peninsula. 199 In 1880 the Lefevre Peninsula was described in Boothby's directory as being six square miles, with 306 houses and a population of 1525 persons of those 321 were adult males_2CJO Greenwich was described in 1884 as being in the district council ofNuriootpa, Lefevre's Peninsula, with 45 houses and a population of 196 persons, 97 males and 99 females.201

191 WHITWORTH Robt P, Bailliere's South Australian Gazetteer 1866, page 124. 192 MANNING Geoffrey H, Manning 's Place Names of South Australia, page 177. 193 BOOTHBY Josiah, The Adelaide Almanac & Directory for South Australia, 1865 page 35, 1866 page 35, 1867 pages 33, 126 and 1868 page 119. 194 Ibid, 1872 page 54 and 1873 page 130. 195 MANNINGGeoffrey H, TheRomance of Place Names of South Australia, page 81. 196 Supreme Court of South Australia, Probate Registry, copy of the letters of administration for Julia Mary Hodge, reference 1875, no l0a-553. 197 OfficialPassenger Lists, South Australia 1847-1886, fiche 55/2. 198 District Registrar's Records held on microfiche by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Adelaide Marriages 1875 (Jui-Dec), fiche 3/8. 1 99 BOOTHBY Josiah, TheAdelaide Almanac & Directory for South Australia, 1876 page 156, 1877 page 166, 1878 page 172, 1879 page 179, 1880 page 192, 1881 page 184 and 1882 page 207. 200 Ibid - Municipal Directory, 1880 page 392. 201 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directory for 1884, page 450. 49 Angaston. This land was transferred to his son Thomas Short, storekeeper of Angaston on 28 April 1875. 229

In 1872 and 1873 William is listed in Boothby's directories at the New Inn, Angaston. William was publican of this establishment that was later known as the Commercial Hotel. 230 There are no 231 listings for him from 1876 until 1882. In 1883 he is again listed as a wheelwright at Angaston. In 1884 he moved to Adelaide where he is listed in Sand's directory as a wheelwright at Archer Street, North Adelaide. 232

William Marshall Short died in Adelaide on 10 December 1884, aged 72 years. His death certificate 233 lists him as a wheelwright of Bolton [Boulton] Street, North Adelaide. Mary Ann, his second wife died on 4 September 1891 at her home in Wakefield Street, Adelaide. Her death certificate lists her as the widow of William Marshall Short, wheelwright.234

229 Land Titles Office, Certificate of Title, Volume CXXV (125), folio 141. 230 Angaston and Nuriootpa,Historical Survey, The South Australian Centenary 1836-1936. 231 BOOTHBY Josiah, The Adelaide Almanac & Directoryfor South Australia, 1872 page 111, 1873 page 196, 1882 page 352, 1883 page 352. 232 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directory, 1885 page 375. 233 District Registrar's Records held on microfiche by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Adelaide Deaths, 1884 (Jul-Dec), fiche 14/15. 234 District Registrar's Records held on microfiche by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Adelaide Deaths, 1891 (Jul-Dec), fiche 5/16. 56 Name: William Marshall Short

Birth: abt 1813 Place: Co Cornwall,ENG Death: 10 Dec 1884 Place: North Adelaide SA, AUS Immigration: 'Magdalena' to Adelaide 16 Jan 1855 Father: William Short ( ~1789-1869) Mother: Other Spouses: Mary Ann Parkyn nee Roscorla Marriage: 23 Sep 1834 Place: Holsworthy, Co Devon, ENG

Spouse 1: Mary Sleeman

Birth: abt 1809 Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 6 Mar 1855 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Immigration: 'Magdalena' to Adelaide 16 Jan 1855 Father: Mother:

Children:

1 M: William Short Birth: Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Death: Place: England?

2 F: Mary Ann Short Birth: abt 1839 Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 13 Jui 1905 Place: Brompton, SA, AUS Spouse: John Hocking Marriage: 15 Jul 1868 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS

3M: James Short Birth: 1840 Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 18 Jun 1895 Place: Nr Petersburg, SA, AUS Spouse: Miriam Kemp nee Goodger Marriage: 24 Sep 1874 Place: Bible Christian Chapel, Upper Wakefield, SA, AUS

4 F: Elizabeth Short Birth: 9 Sep 1842 Place: Camelford,Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 10 Jun 1922 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Spouse: John Hodge Marriage: 7 Sep 1875 Place: Adelaide, Stow Church, SA, AUS

SM: Samuel Short Birth: abt 1843 Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Death: Place: ...... Spouse: Ellen Wood Marriage: 13 Dec 1879 Place: Hindmarsh, Adelaide, SA, AUS

6M: John Short Birth: 3 Oct 1845 Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 24 Mar 1906 Place: Angaston, SA, AUS Spouse: Emma Burt Marriage: 6 May 1868 Place: Wesleyan Church, Angaston, SA, AUS Spouse: Bertha E Von Puttkamer Marriage: 12 Oct 1882 Place: Wesleyan Church, Angaston, SA, AUS

57 SF: Mary Kate aka Jane Kate Hodge Birth: 10 Feb 1867 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Death: 11 Jun 1867 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS

9M: Herbert Edward John (Bert) Hodge Birth: 18 Apr 1868 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Death: 13 Feb 1911 Place: Yorketown, SA, AUS

10 F: Caroline Maud Hodge Birth: 30 Sep 1869 Place: LefevrePeninsula, SA, AUS Death: 2 Aug 1893 Place: Glanville, SA, AUS Spouse: Arthur Frederick Diamond Marriage: 21 Oct 1887 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS llM: Percy Hodge Birth: 18 Aug 1871 Place: LefevrePeninsula, SA, AUS Death: Place: ......

12M: Ralph John Hodge Birth: 28 May 1873 Place: Greenwich, LefevrePeninsula, SA, AUS Death: 20 Nov 1873 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS

52 Name: John Hodge

Birth: 28 Mar 1829 Place: Co Middlesex, ENG Occupation: Wheelwright, Horseman, Clerk, Post Master, Storekeeper Death: 3 Aug 1888 Place: Penfield, SA, AUS Immigration: 'Steadfast' to Adelaide 18 Nov 1852 Father: James Hodge Mother: Other Spouses: Julia Mary Bone Marriage: 7 Sep 1875 Place: Adelaide, Stow Church, SA, AUS

Spouse 2: Elizabeth Short

Birth: 9 Sep 1842 Place: Camelford,Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 10 Jun 1922 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Immigration: 'Magdalena' to Adelaide 16 Jan 1855 Father: William Marshall Short (~1813-1884) Mother: Mary Sleeman (~1809-1855) Other Spouses:

Children:

1 F: May Elizabeth Hodge Birth: 7 May 1877 Place: Semaphore Road, Port Adelaide SA, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Edgar Stanley Barnett Marriage: 14 Mar 1900 Place: Woodville, SA, AUS

2F: Margaret Mary Hodge Birth: abt 1880 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Death: 20 Feb 1882 Place: North Norwood, SA, AUS

3 F: Mabel Winifred Hodge Birth: 14 Aug 1882 Place: Norwood, Adelaide, SA, AUS Death: Nov 1970 Place: Sydney, NSW, AUS Spouse: Harold Pierce Cazneaux Marriage: 1 Sep 1905 Place: Lewisham, NSW, AUS

53 William Marshall Short (c1813-1884) William Marshall Short was born about 1813 in County Cornwall, England. The exact place is unlmownbut it may have been Camelford as this is where William's father,also named William, died in 1869. On 23 September 1834 William married Mary Sleeman at the historic parish church of St 208 Peter & St Paul's Holsworthy, County Devon. The earliest parts of this church date from around 209 1130. A tower and nave pillars were added in the 15th century.

Holsworthy, a traditional north Devon market town situated amidst rolling green hill, was described in 1850 as "being pleasantly situated near the small river Deer and the Bude Canal, nine miles east of Bude Haven; ten miles west by south of Hatherleigh; and forty two miles west by north of Exeter. Its parish contains 1857 souls and about 8800 acres of land...... The Church (St Peter) is a fine 210 Gothic structure, with a tower and eight bells."

Mary Sleeman was born about 1809, also in County Cornwall. Nothing further is known about Mary's childhood or her parents.

Mary and William had a family of seven children, five boys and two girls, all born in England. The 1851 census for County Devon records several Short and Sleeman families living in Holsworthy and 211 other areas of county Devon but Mary, William and their family are not listed in this county.

When William and Mary were in their forties they made the momentous decision to emigrate to the colony of South Australia with their family. The family embarked at Plymouth and set sail on 11 October 1854. On 16 January 1855 the family arrived in Adelaide aboard the ship Magdalena.212 213 The population of the colony at this time was estimated to be 97,387. Their eldest son, William, 214 remained in England with his grandparents.

The Magdalena's arrival was reported by the South Australian Register newspaper as follows: "The Ship Magdalena, 870 tons, Brinton master, from Plymouth October 11. Doutty, Howard and Co, agents. Passengers Mrs Gibson, Mr and Mrs Symonds, Mr J Barry, Surgeon Superintendent in the 215 cabins." The newspaper then lists the Government immigrants including the Short family.

Disembarkation for those travelling on the Magdalena was delayed because the ship was detained at 216 the lightship through want of water over the bar. The ship was reported 'in the stream' three days 217 later.

208 Family Search, JG! Transcripts ofParish Registers and Bishop's Transcripts 1563-1837, Church of England, Parish Church of Holsworthy, film # 0917146. 209 Internet site - Devon Life Online. 210 Internet Site - GENUKI White'sDevonshire Directory 1850. 211 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1851 British Census, (Devon, Norfolk and Warwick Only). 212 OfficialPassenger Lists, South Australia 1847-1886, fiche 55/2. 213 BARKER A, When Was That? Chronologyof Australia from 1788, page 137. 214 The 1881 Bristish Census lists a William M Short, watchmaker jeweller, aged 45, born in Carnelford, Cornwall England at Higher Square, Holsworthy, Co Devon with wife Mary aged 49. Their son Marshall Short aged 11 years was bornin Holsworthy. FHL Film #1341545, PRO Ref RGI 1, piece 2265, folio 39, page 9. 215 South Australian Register, Wednesday, 17 January 1855, page 2. 216 South Australian Register, Friday, 19 January 1855, page 2. 217 South Australian Register, Friday, 22 January 1855, page 2. 54 Two months after their arrival in the colony Mary Short was admitted to Adelaide hospital with a fracture of the femur [thighbone]. She was under the care of Dr Gosse but sadly she died in the hospital on 6 March 1855.218 She is buried in the West Terrace Cemetery, Adelaide.219

It appears that William and his family lived in Adelaide until Mary died. By the time William remarried on 13 July 1856 he was living at Angaston. He married a widow, Mrs Mary Ann Parkyn 0 nee Roscorla.22 Mary Ann was christened on 27 February 1820 in Bodmin in county Cornwall, England. She was the daughter of Richard Roscorla and Elizabeth nee Mitchell.221 Mary Roscorla arrived aboard the ship Cleveland which sailed from London and arrived in Adelaide on 18 December 1839.222 223

William Short and his second wife Mary lived at Angaston where he worked as a wheelwright. He is listed as a wheelwright, Angaston in Boothby's directories from 1864 to 1869.224 The couple had three children born at Angaston between 1856 and 1863.

Angaston is in the Barossa Valley about fifty miles north east from Adelaide. The Barossa Valley was named by Colonel Light after Barrosa (Hill of Roses) in Spain where he had fought against the French in 1811 in the Peninsula War. The spelling mistake was never corrected.225 Angaston, initially known as German Pass, was renamed Angas Town after the founder George Fife Angas. The township, which became known as Angaston, was laid out by George Fife Angas and presented to the registry on 21 August 1857.226 The population of Angaston and district in 1866 was 370. The area was serviced by Rounsevell's daily mail coach, a carrier dray three times a week and an omnibus three times a week to Freeling. From Freeling there was a train to Adelaide.227

On 16 April 1869 the following personal notice appeared in The Register newspaper, Adelaide. SHORT - On the 8th February 1869, at Camelford, Cornwall, England, William Short, agricultural implement maker, and father of Wm M Short, wheelwright, of Angaston, aged 80 years.

William owned several blocks of land in the township of Angaston. William Marshall Short, wheelwright of Angaston was granted a certificate of title to four adjoining allotments bounding Cross, Tyne and Murray Streets on 18 March 1869. He held these until 8 July 1880 when ownership was transferred to William Charles Hodder. This title also included adjoining allotments 104, fronting Hall Street, and 145 fronting Dean Street. These were transferred to James Trescowthick on 22 July 1884.228 On 2 February 1872 William purchased from George Gurner adjoining allotments 414 and 415 bounding Cross, North and Murray Streets. He is listed a publican of

218 Adelaide Hospital Admission Register 1840-c1900. Source GRG 78/49/2 (118) 27 February 1855. 219 Cemetery Index held on cards by the South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society: West Terrace Burial Registers. 0 22 South Australian Marriage Index1842-1906, fiche 66/95, book 26, page 300. 221 Family Search, JG! - Parish Registers 1469-1958 Church of England, Parish Church of Bodmin #0236545. 222 ST AITON Jill, Biographical Indexof South Australians 1836-1885, volume 4, page 1484. 223 PARSONS Ronald, Migrant Ships for South Australia 1836-1866, page 70. 4 22 BOOTHBY Josiah, TheAdelaide Almanac & Directoryfor South Australia, 1864 page 33, 1865 page 35, 1866 page 34, 1867 page 36, 1868 page 38 and 1869 page 43. 225 Internet Site - Fairfax WalkaboutAustralian Travel Guide. 6 22 BERRY P & CHINNER B, Angaston Sketchbook, pages 6 and 7. 7 22 WHITWORTH Robt P, Bail/iere's South Australian Gazetteer 1866, page 15. 22 8 Land Titles Office, Certificate of Title, Volume CXXVI (126), folio 155. 55 John and Elizabeth had a family of three daughters, May born 1877, Margaret (1880-1882) and Mabel (1882-1970) who married Harold Cazneaux in 1905.

There is no directory listing for John from 1883 to 1885. In 1886 John is listed as postmaster at Penfield.202 In 1886 Penfield was described as an agricultural district of in the middle of the Gawler Plains, 18½ miles north of Adelaide and part of the district council of Munno Para West. Penfield had 24 houses and a population of 143 persons, 71 males and 72 females.203 From 1887 to 1888 John is listed as the storekeeper at Penfield.204

John Hodge died on 3 August 1888 at Penfield Post Office after a lingering illness.205 He was 59 years of age. He was buried at Penfield. Of John's fifteen children from two marriages only eight survived him, six daughters and two sons.

On 13 July 1885 John Hodge made his last will and testament. He was living at Brampton Park at the time and left his entire estate to his wife Elizabeth. After his death the estate was sworn under £100.206 One of the witnesses to the will was Samuel Short, a hawker, of Brown Street, Brampton Park. This is thought to be his wife, Elizabeth's, younger brother.

Elizabeth Hodge died on 10 June 1922 in Adelaide. She is buried in the Cheltenham cemetery.207

202 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directoryfor 1886, page 271. 203 Ibid - Township Directory, page 489. 4 20 Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directoryfor 1887, page 336 and 1888 page 335. 205 The South Australia Advertiser, Saturday, 4 August 1888, page 4. 206 Supreme Court of South Australia, Probate Registry, copy of the last will and testament forJohn Hodge, reference 1888, no 45-226. 207 The Advertiser, Monday, 12 June 1922, page 3. 50 Name: John Hodge

Birth: 28 Mar 1829 Place: Co Middlesex, ENG Occupation: Wheelwright, Horseman, Clerk, Post Master, Storekeeper Death: 3Aug 1888 Place: Penfield, SA, AUS Immigration: 'Steadfast'to Adelaide 18 Nov 1852 Father: James Hodge Mother: ...... Other Spouses: Elizabeth Short Marriage: 23 Feb 1851 Place: Waterloo, St John's, Co Surrey, ENG

Spouse 1: Julia Mary Bone

Birth: abt 1834 Place: Co Middlesex, ENG Death: 26 Feb 1875 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Immigration: 'Steadfast'to Adelaide 18 Nov 1852 Father: William Bone Mother: ......

Children:

1 F: Lizzy Mary Hodge Birth: 1852 Place: ...... Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Thomas...... John Pepper Parker Marriage: 17 Mar 1869 Place: Christ Church, North Adelaide, SA, A US

2F: Alice Amy Hodge Birth: 16Nov 1855 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Death: 11 Aug 1922 Place: ...... Spouse: John Germein Marriage: 14 Feb 1874 Place: Presbyterian Church, Port Adelaide, SA, AUS

3M: Frederick George Hodge Birth: 2 Sep 1857 Place: Port Adelaide, SA, AUS Death: 14 Jun 1862 Place: Port Adelaide, SA, AUS

4F: Julia Hodge Birth: 14 Apr 1859 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Death: 18 Aug 1859 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS

SF: Isabella Eliza Hodge Birth: 18 Jun 1860 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Death: 30 Jun 1862 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS

6F: Florence Minnie Hodge Birth: 10 May 1862 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Death: 23 Jun 1937 Place: Perth, WA, AUS Spouse: George Edwin Cottrell Marriage: 1892 Place: Fremantle, WA, AUS

7M: Frederick George Hodge Birth: 3 Oct 1864 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS Death: 19 Feb 1866 Place: Lefevre Peninsula, SA, AUS

51 7M: Thomas Short Birth: Place: ...... Death: Place: ......

58 Name: William Marshall Short

Birth: abt 1813 Place: Co Cornwall, ENG Occupation: Wheelwright Death: 10 Dec 1884 Place: North Adelaide SA, AUS Immigration: 'Magdalena' to Adelaide 16 Jan 1855 Father: William Short (~1789-1869) Mother: ...... Other Spouses: Mary Sleeman Marriage: 13 Jui 1856 Place: Angaston, SA, AUS

Spouse 2: Mary Ann Parkyn nee Roscorla

Birth: abt 1820 Place: Bodrnn,i Co Cornwall, ENG Death: 4 Sep 1891 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Immigration: 'Cleveland' to Adelaide 1839 Father: Richard Roscorla Mother: Elizabeth Mitchell Other Spouses: William Parkyn

Children:

1 F: Ann Short Birth: 26 Dec 1856 Place: Angaston, SA, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Edward Hodgson Marriage: 25 Dec 1878 Place: Angaston, SA, AUS

2M: Joseph Short Birth: 5 Apr 1860 Place: Angaston, SA, AUS Death: ...... Place: ...... Spouse: Jemima Parslowe Marriage: 22 Oct 1883 Place: North Adelaide, SA, AUS

3 F: Jane Roscorla Short Birth: 1 Mar 1863 Place: Angaston, SA, AUS Death: 25 Feb 1903 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS Spouse: Alfred William Walkley Marriage: 23 Jan 1885 Place: Adelaide, SA, AUS

59 Bibliography Primary Sources Adelaide Hospital Admission Register 1840-cl 900, card index held by The South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society. Angaston and Nuriootpa, Historical Survey, The South Australian Centenary 1836-1936, manuscript [photocopy] held by South Australian Heraldry and Genealogy Society. BOOTHBY Josiah, The Adelaide Almanac & Directory for South Australia, J Williams, Adelaide, 14 volumes, 1864-1868, 1872-1873 and 1876-1882. CAZNEAU Harriot Elizabeth (1857-1917), The Cazneau Family in America. An undated typescript. CAZNEAU Patrick Lee, The Cazneau Family in America, Manuscript copy sent to Rainbow Johnson. Dated 22 December 1986. This document is based on the manuscript The Cazneau Family in America by Harriot Cazneau, undated. A copy was given to Patrick by Harriot's niece Helen Josephine Cazneau (b1910). Cemetery Index held on cards by the South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society: West Terrace Burial Registers. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1851 British Census, (Devon, Norfolk and Warwick), Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1997. 1 CD-ROM. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 1881 British Census and National Index: England, Scotland, Wales, Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Royal Navy, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1999. CD-ROM. Cox & Co Post OfficeDirectory 1857, Cox & Co, Sydney, 1857. District Registrar's Records held on microfiche by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society. Eden Bench Books - extracts by the Bega Valley Genealogy Society. General Register Office, Indexes to Births, Deaths and Marriages Registered in England and Wales, Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys, London, 1992. Microfiche. Immigration to Victoria Inward Passenger [Unassisted} Lists: British Ports 1852-1923, Public Record OfficeVict oria, Melbourne, 1998. 376 microfiche. Land Titles Office - South Australia. Indexes and selected titles. The New South Wales Post OfficeDirectory for 1886-1887, Wise, Caffin & Co, Sydney, 1887. The New South Wales Post Office Directory for 1892-1893, Wise, Caffin & Co, Sydney, 1893 New Zealand Birth Indexes in conjunction with NEILL Mary, LOWRIE Meryl & WOOD Aileen, District Keys to the NZ Registration Indexes Births 1848-1900, New Zealand Society of Genealogists, Auckland, 1990. OfficialPassenger Lists, Mainly of Immigrants Arriving in South Australia under United Kingdom Assisted Passage Schemes, 1847-1886, State Library of South Australia, Mortlock Library of South Australiana, Adelaide, 1987. 144 microficheincluding Index to OfficialPassenger Lists, 1847-1886. PINKERTON John, Family history notes by John Pickerton of 18 Goodparla Street, Hawker ACT, 28 March 1987 with valuable assistance of Rainbow Johnson of Roseville. Sands and Kenny's Commercial and General Sydney Directory, Sands and Kenny, Sydney. 1858-59 to 1868. Sands & McDougalls South Australian Directory, Sands & McDougalls, Adelaide, 1884 to 1895. Sands Sydney Directory, John Sands, Sydney, 1868-1873.

60 State Records New South Wales, Unassisted Passengers Arriving 1854-1880: CGS 13278, Sydney. (SR reels 399-444) State Records New South Wales, Assisted (Bounty) Immigrants Arriving Sydney 1828-1842: CGS 5310, 5311, 5314, Sydney. (SR reels 1286-1349) Supreme Court of South Australia Testamentary Index 1844-1995, Courts Administration Authority, Adelaide, SA, 1997. Supreme Court of South Australia, Probate Registry, copies of letters of administration and wills. Newspapers The Advertiser (Adelaide) The Argus (Melbourne) Boston Evening Post The Chronicle (Adelaide) Bega Gazette Bega Standard South Australian Register Twofold Bay & Maneroo Telegraph Wairarapo Daily (NZ)

Secondary Sources APPLETON Richard & Barbara, The Cambridge Dictionary of Australian Places, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 1992. Australasian Genealogical Computer Index, Series 3, Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1996. BAILLIE Laureen & SIEVEK.ING Paul, British Biographical Archive a One-alphabet Cumulation of 324 of the Most Important English Language Biographical Reference Works Originally Published Between 1601 and 1929, Saur, Munchen, cl 984. BALL A, ls Yours an SS Great Britain Family? The Story of the Famous Liner's 32 Round Trips to AustraliaBetween 1852-1875, SSGB Project UK, 1988. BARKER Anthony, When Was That? Chronology of Australia from 1788, John Ferguson, Sydney, 1988. BATESON Charles, The Convict Ships 1787-1868, Reed, Sydney, 1974. BAYLEY William A, History of Bega, Brooks, Sydney, 1942. BERRY Peg & CHINNER Barry, Angaston Sketchbook, Rigby, Adelaide, 1976. BUTLER Reg & PHILLIPS Alan, Register Personal Notices: Volume 3 1866-1870, Gould Books, Gumeracha SA, 1991. CATO Jack, The Story of the Camera in Australia, Institute of Australian Photography, Brisbane, 3rd edn, 1979. First published in Melbourne by Georgian House, 1955. CAZNEAUX Harold, Cazneaux The Quiet Observer: Introduced by Helen Ennis with a Personal Commentaryby Phillip Adams, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 2nd edn, 1997. Concise Encyclopedia of Australia and New Zealand, Bay Books, Sydney, 1977.

61 DANIELS George Fisher, History of the Town of Oxford, Massachusetts with Genealogies and Notes on Persons and States, the author with the cooperation of the town, OxfordMA, 1892. KERR Joan, (ed), TheDictionary of Australian Artists: Painters, Sketchers, Photographers and Engravers to 1870, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1992. LAINHART Ann Smith, 'Descendants of Paix Cazneau' in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, volume CXLII, April 1988, whole number 566. MANNING Geoffrey, Manning's Place Names of South Australia, the author, Adelaide, 1990. MANNINGGeoffrey, The Romance ofPlace Names of South Australia, the author, Adelaide, 1986. MEDIAVILLA Victor H & NA YLE Rosa A, Australasian Biographical Archive, Munich, 1993.

NEILL Mary, LOWRIE Meryl & WOOD Aileen, District Keys to the NZ Registration Indexes Births 1848-1900, New Zealand Society of Genealogists, Auckland, 1990. PARSONS Ronald, Migrant Ships for South Australia 1836-1866, Gould Books, Gumeracha SA, 3rd edn, 1999. PEAKE Andrew, Sources for South Australian History, Tudor Australian Press, Dulwich SA, 1987. PRAITE R & TOLLEY J C, Place Names of South Australia, Rigby, Adelaide, 1970. ROBERTS Oliver Ayer, History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Boston, 1897. South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, South Australian Births: Registrations 1842 to 1906, Macbeth Genealogical Services, Hampton Vic, 1998. South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, South Australian Deaths: Registrations 1842 to 1915, Macbeth Genealogical Services, Hampton Vic, 2000. South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, South Australian Marriages: Registrations 1842 to 1916, Macbeth Genealogical Services, Hampton Vic, 2001. STATTON Jill, Biographical Index of South Australians 1836-1885, South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society, Marden SA, 1986. STRICKLAND Walter George, A Dictionary of Irish Artists, Maunsel & Company, Dublin and London, 1913. TANRE C, DAVIES A & STANBURY P, The Mechanical Eye: A Historical Guide to Australian Photography and Photographers, Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, Sydney, 1977. TRINDER A & STEMP P, Ships and Masters to Sydney Index 1842-1855, Pastkeys, Sydney, 1994. WARBURTON James, Payneham Garden Village to City, City of Payneham, Payneham, 1983. WHITWORTH RP, Bailliere's South Australian Gazetteer and Road Guide Containing the Most Recent and Accurate Information as to EveryPlace in the Colony, FF Bailliere, Adelaide, 1866.

Internet Sites http://www.anmm.gov .au Australian National Maritime Museum Online Ships Picture Index. http://www.boston-online.com/roxhist.html Boston Online - Roxbury History. http://www.virtualtexan.com/writers/kellow/rt061799.htm Burns Brenda, Tracing Our Roots: French Huguenots Are Alive and Well in Texas, 1999.

62 http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/caz/biog.html The Cazneaux Family ofPhotographers. A biography on the National Library of Australia's web site in conjunction with the Cazneaux exhibitions home page. http://www.cwgc.org/ Commonwealth War Graves Commission's Online Debt ofHonour Register. http://www.devonlife.co.uk/devon_towns/holsworthy/hols.html Devon Life Online. http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/DEV/Gazetteer/ GENUKI - A Devon Gazetteer with extracts from White's Devonshire Directory (1850). http://www.familysearch.org/ Family Search Internet GenealogyService, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. http://walkabout.fairfax.com.au/theage/fairfax/fairfax/index.shtml Fairfax Walkabout Australian Travel Guide. http://home.att.net/~Local_History/MA-Worcester-Co.htm Massachusetts Local History and Genealogy. http://www.nz.com/tour/Rotorua/Eruption.html New Zealand Virtual Tour: Mount Tarawera Eruption. http://www.capri.net.au/"'ljnoye/ Photohistory SA. The history of South Australian photography 1845-1915 by R J Noye. http://www.angelfire.com/az/nzgenweb/streets.html Wellington Streets & Their Residents on Helens' Page of New Zealand History Mainly Wellington & Mid to Lower North Island. http://pages. prodigy. net/royjnagy/ressegui.htm WATSON James Tompkins, Experiences of the French Huguenots in America - The King's Refugees, Clinton, New York, 1908.

Abbreviations Used CGS Concise Guide Series (relates to State Records New South Wales holdings) Ibid Ibidem - in the same book. IGI InternationalGenealogical Index MNU Maiden Name Unknown qv Quod vide (which see) Biography included in another part of the book.

63 Cazneau, Benjamin Belcher, 6, 9, 10, Cuthell, Christena,28, 32 A 11,12, 13, 14, 16, 22 Cazneau,Carmen, 26, 28 D Angas, George Fife, 55 Cazneau, Catherine, 13,14, 16, 22 Ashford,William, 12 Cazneau, Christina (Mrs), 29 D'Arcy, Ann, 6 Cazneau, Dorothy Harley, 29, 32 Daniels, George F, 2 B Cazneau, E F, 27 D'Arcy, Ann, 9, 10, 11 Cazneau, Edward, 9, 13, 16 Dechezeau,Adam,4, 7 Baillie,James William, 43 Cazneau,Edward Lancelott, 6, 7, 11, Deslandes, J, 49 Baird,Rev Charles W, 2 12, 14, 15, 16, 17,22,25, 31, 32 Diamond, Arthur Frederick, 52 Baker, Charles, 28 Cazneau,Edward Lancelott Digby, Catherine, 8 Baker, Richard, 29 (Lancelott), 15, 23 Dudley & Company,2 Barnett, Edgar Stanley, 53 Cazneau,Emma, 11 Duryea,Edwin, 27 Barry, J, 54 Cazneau,Emma (Mrs), 27, 28, 30 Duryea, Frank, 27 Bartlett, Dorothy Elizabeth, 32 Cazneau,Gerald, 26, 28 Duryea,Richard, 27 Ba0ey,Thomas,6,8 Cazneau, Hannah (Mrs),6 Duryea,Sanford, 27 Belcher, Anna,5, 8 Cazneau, Hannah Johnson, 10 Duryea, Townsend,27 Bentley family,44, 45 Cazneau, Harley John, 28, 32 DuTuffeau,Isaac B, 2, 3 Bentley, Elizabeth (Mrs), 44, 46 Cazneau, Harriot Elizabeth, 3 Bentley, Ellen,44, 46 Cazneau, lsaa� 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8, 10 Bentley, Emily Florence (Emma), 15, Cazneau,Joseph,6,8, 12 E 23,25,26,31,32, 33,45,47 Cazneau, Lillian (Mrs), 20 Bentley, Frederick, 28, 45, 46 Cazneau, Major Gordon, 26, 28, 31 Ewart, Joy, 38 Bentley, George Richard,45, 47 Cazneau, Margaret, 3, 8, 10 Bentley,James, 28, 45, 46 Cazneau, Margaret (Mrs), 5, 13, 17, F Bentley,John,28,44,46 20, 21 Bentley,Joseph, 45, 46 Cazneau, Mary, 4, 5,7 Field, Vincent F, 33,34 Bentley, Lillian,28, 45 Cazneau, Mary Ann,10, 11 Foster, Clare, 40 Bentley,Lillian Elizabeth, 25, 45, 47 Cazneau, Pa�. 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 Francis,Stella Maxine, 32 Bentley,Mary Ann (Laura), 45, 46 Cazneau, Peace,4, 7 Freeman and Prout,25 Bentley,Richard, 26, 28, 31, 44, 45, Cazneau, Pierce, 17 Freeman, James,25 46,47 Cazneau, Pierce Harley,28, 29, 32 Freeman,William G, 25 Bentley,Thomas Walter, 45, 46 Cazneau, Pierce Mott,13, 15, 16, 23, Bernon,Gabriel, 2 25,26,27,28,29, 30,31,32, 33,45, G Blacker,Rev George, 12, 16 47 Blundell, Eric James, 33, 34 Cazneau, Prescott,14, 17, 20, 21, 22 Germaine, Isaac, 4,7 Blundell, Joan, 34 Cazneau,Rebecca (Mrs),9 Germaine, Margaret,3, 4,6, 7, 8 Blundell,Margaret Cazneau,Samuel, 8 Germaine, Mary, 4 Bondet, Daniel, 2 Cazneau,Samuel Johnson, 9 Germaine, Mary (Mrs),4, 7 Bone,Julia Mary, 48,51, 53 Cazneau,Sarah, 13, 14, 16, 22 Germein, John,51 Bone,William, 48, 51 Cazneau,Sarah Ann, 11 Gibson, Mrs, 54 Bonner,Mary, 9 Cazneau,Susanna, 4, 7 Goldner, Alison,42 Helen Joy,43 Bowers, Cazneau, Warren, 14, 17, 22, 26 Goldner,Andrew, 42 Brinton, Captain, 54 Cazneau, William, 9, 10, 17, 20 Goldner, David, 42 Brooker,Jane Sophia, 45, 46 Cazneau, William Lancelott, 11, 13, Goldner,Stephen, 41, 42 Bruce, Esther, 20 14, 16,22 Gordon,Mr, 27 Bruce, John Emanuel, 20 Cazneaux, Carmen, 31,33, 34, 35, 36 Gosse, Dr, 55 Buchanan.Susan, 14,22 Cazneaux, Christina (Mrs), 29 Gray, Captain, 17 Burkhill,Catherine, 45, 46 Cazneaux, Gerald, 31 Gray,John, 17 Burroughs,Rebecca, 9 Cazneaux, Harold, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, Gudgeon,Alma, 36, 37, 41 Burt, Emma,57 33,34,35,41,50,53 Gurner, George, 55 Cazneaux,Jean Lillian,33, 34, 35 C Cazneaux,Joan, 33, 34,35, 37,41, 42,43 H Casno,Margaret, 4 Cazneaux,May Beryl,33, 34, 35 Hammer, Roy Penwarden (Ralph), 31 Cassaneau, Paix,2 Cazneaux, Rainbow,33, 34, 35, 36, Hammer, William, 27 Cato,Jack, 27 37 Hammer,William Henry, 29 Cazens, Pesse,4 Caznew,Margaret, 20 Hammond, Edith Mary, 24 Cazneau & Connolly, 26 Chantrell,Ann, 6, 9, 10 Harley family, 28 Cazneau, Abigail, 8 Church, Caleb, 2 Harley, Andrew,28 Cazneau 3 Clark, Lizzie G nee Provest, 31 , Andrew, Harley, Christina Margaret Jane, 15, Cazneau, Ann D'Arcy,10 Connolly,James B,26 Copeland, Ephraim, 8 23, 28,31,32 Cazneau,Anna,8 Harley, Eliza (Mrs),28 Cazneau, Anna Maria, 11 Cottrell, George Edwin,51 Cusenoe, Isaac, 4 Harley, John, 28, 32 Cusenoe, Paase, 4 Harley, Marion,29 65 Heard, Nancy, 3 Lawless, Simon,44, 46 Short, John,57 Hindmarsh, Governor, 49 Lerok,Mary, 44, 46 Short,Joseph,59 Hocking, John, 57 Light,Colonel, 55 Short, Mary (Mrs),55 Hodder,William Charles, 55 Louis, E R, 29 Short, Mary Ann,57 Hodge,Alice Amy,48, 51 Short, Mary Ann (Mrs),56 Hodge, Caroline Maud,52 M Short,Samuel, 50, 57 Hodge,David, 48 Short, Thomas,56,58 Hodge, Elizabeth (Mrs), 50 McGeorge,Alexander, 49 Short, William, 54, 55,57, 59 Hodge, Florence Minnie (Minnie),51 McKinnery/McKinniary, Mary,24 Short,William Marshall, 49, 53, 54, Hodge, Frederick George, 48, 51 McManamey, Peter James,43 55,56, 57,59 Hodge,George, 48 McManamey, Philippa Aird, 41, 43 Sigourney,Andre, 4 Hodge, Herbert Edward John (Bert), Meares, Sarah A,24 Sleeman, Mary,49, 53, 54, 57, 59 52 Metcalf, Timothy, 5, 7 Smalridge, Patience Ann,18, 24 Hodge, Isabella E,48, 51 Millwood, Miss B, 29 Smith A B and Company,44 Hodge,James,48, 51,53 Minear, Willam M, 32 Smith,Alma (Mrs),37 Hodge,John,48,49,50,51, 53, 57 Mitchell, Elizabeth,55, 59 Smith, Barbara,34, 37, 38, 41, 42 Hodge,Julia, 48, 51 Smith, Charles,36 Hodge, Julia (Mrs), 49 Smith,Charles Henry Hector,41 Hodge, Lizzy Mary,48, 51 0 Smith,Dudley, 37 Hodge, Mabel Winifred,31, 33, 34, Smith,Hayley Jennifer, 43 41,50, 53 Otton, Emma, 18, 24 Smith, Herbert Stanley (Herb),33, 36, Hodge, Margaret, 50 Otton,John, 18, 24 39,41,42,43 Hodge,Margaret Mary, 53 Otton,William Henry, 19 Smith, Jennifer Suzanne,43 Hodge, Mary Kate (Jane Kate), 52 Smith, Joan (Mrs), 40 Hodge, May,50 p Smith, Richard Harold (Dick),34, 37, Hodge,May Elizabeth,53 38,41,43 Hodge,Minnie, 48 Parker, Thomas John Pepper,51 Smithers,Alexander, 26 Hodge, Percy, 52 Parkyn, Mary Ann nee Roscorla,55, Spencer, Captain Thomas,48 Hodge,Ralph John, 52 57, 59 Symonds,Mr & Mrs,54 Hodge,William, 48 Parkyn, William, 59 Hodge,Winifred, 35 Parslowe, Jemima, 59 Hodgson,Edward, 59 Peddler, Mrs E,27 T Hope, Dorothy (Mrs),38 Peisley, George, 45, 47 Tait, James R (Mrs),27 Hope, Jack, 38 Power, Edward, 5 Taylor, Maria Ann,14, 20, 22, 26 Hopkins, W H, 19 Proutt Victor,25 Thompson,Mr, 2 Houseman, Catherine,10 Trescowthick, James, 55 R Tucker, John, 27 J Turrell,Mary, 9 Raine, John, 17 Jaggers,John, 19 Ramsey Bras, 20 Johnson family,3 Roscorla, Mary, 55 V Johnson,Andrew, 3 Roscorla, Richard, 55,59 Vincent,Jane nee Rouse,7 Johnson, Hannah,3, 5,6, 7,8,10 Royal, Rebecca,4 Von Puttkamer, Bertha E, 57 Johnson, Hugh, 37 Johnson,Hugh Malanai, 33 s Johnson.Joseph, 5,6,8 w Johnson, Mary, 3 Schultz, Ellen, 20 Johnson, Peter, 3 Walkley,Alfred William, 59 Schultz, John, 20 West, Robert Lucius, 12 Johnson, Robert Scutt, Mary, 7 Johnson,Sally, 34 White, Tyrone, 19 Sharp, William, 12, 14,16, 22, 24 Wilson, Sarah, 12, 13, 14, 16, 22, 24 Johnston, Francis,12 Sharpe,Henry John,19 Jones,John Thomas,45, 46 Winslow, Joseph,8 Sharpe,Henry John (John Henry), 24 Wood, Ellen,57 Sharpe,John Wilson,19 Wrigglesworth and Binns, 26 K Sharpe, Margaret, 6, 7,11, 12, 13,14, Wright, Jonathon, 4 16,22,25, 31,32 Kemp, Miriam nee Goodger, 57 Sharpe, Robert,13, 17, 18, 19,25 Knight, Rev J L, 19 Sharpe, Robert Edward,19, 24 Sharpe, Robert William,17, 24, 25 Sharpe, Samuel Wilson,19, 24 L Sharpe, William Henry (Otton), 24 Lancelott,Alice, 6, 10,11, 12, 14,16, Shaw-Lefevre, John G, 49 22 Short,Ann, 59 Lash, Elizabeth, 3, 8 Short, Elizabeth,49, 51, 53,57 Lawes,Sophia (Mrs),26 Short, James, 57 Lawless, Ellen, 26,31, 44, 46 Short, Jane Roscorla, 59 66 Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Benjamin Belcher Cazneau Edward Lancelott Cazneau bd.18 Jui 1744 Pierce Mott Cazneau bd.abt 1784 bd. abt 1808 BoSton, Massachusetts, USA bd.23 Nov1849 Liverpool, Co Lancashire ENG Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG dd.7 May 1820 Biricenhead, Co Cheshire, ENG dd. _ dd.30 Mar1856 m.1779 dd. 20 Apr 1928 m. 24 Jan 1808 West Derby, Co Lancashire, ENG Mile End, Adelaide, SA St Peter Church Street � m.13 Apr 1835 m.23 Dec 1876 Liverpool, Co Lancashire, ENG Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland Ann D'Arcy Wellington, NZ bd.1751 a. 'Great Britain' to Melbourne Arice Lancelott dd. 1819 19 Apr 1857 with mother bd. dd.

Margaret Sharpe bd.abt1817 William Sharpe Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland bd. _ dd.17 Jun 1893 dd. Harold Pierce Cazneaux Dar1ington, Sydney, NSW m. 7 Aug 1812 bd. 30 Mar 1878 a. 'Great Britain' to Melbourne Dublin, Saint Nicholas Within Wellington, NZ 19 Apr1857 with five sons. Co Dublin, IRL _ dd. 19 Jun 1953 Roseville, NSW m. 1 Sep 1905 Lewisham, NSW Sarah Wilson bd. dd. Richard Bentley bd.24 Apr1815 Emily Florence (Emma) Bentley Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland bd.abt1855 dd.28 Apr1875 John Bentley - SurryHills, Sydney, NSW • Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW .------.-J bd. dd.24 Mar1892 Joan Cazneaux m. abt 1836 dd. Adelaide, SA bd. 29 Jan 1916 , Dublin, Co Dublin, Ireland m. Roseville, NSW a.'Argyllshire' to Sydney dd. 18 Jun 2004 12 Nov 1840 m. 24 Feb 1940 Elizabeth Bentley (MNU) Roseville, NSW bd. to Herbert Stanley Smith dd. Ellen Lawless bd. abt 1821 Co Dublin, Ireland - dd.12 Jan 1902 Simon Lawless Randwick, NSW bd. a.'Argyllshire' to Sydney dd. 12 Nov John Hodge 1840 m. bd.28 Mar 1829 Co Middlesex, ENG Mary Lerok dd.3 Aug 1888 James Hodge bd. Penfield, SA, AUS 1------t- bd. dd. m. 7 Sep 1875 dd. Mabel Winifred Hodge Adelaide, Stow Church, SA bd.14 Aug1882 a. 'Steadfast' to Adelaide Norwood, Adelaide, SA _ 18 Nov 1852 dd. Nov 1970 , Sydney NSW William Marshall Short bd. abt 1813 , Co Cornwall ENG William Short d- 0 1884, � � North Adelaide SA bd.abt 1789 2 iecep t-----1 ·, 1834, Holsworthy' Co D evon, ENG dd.8 Feb 1869 a. Magdalena' to Adelaide Camelford, Co Cornwall, ENG 16 Jan 1855 Elizabeth Short bd.9 Sep 1842 Camelford, Co Cornwall, ENG dd.10 Jun 1922 Mary Sleeman Adelaide, SA, , b d. abt 1809 a. 'Magdalena' to Adelaide , Co Cornwall ENG dd.6 Mar1855, Adelaide, SA 16 Jan 1855 �