Tesis Doctoral Catalano-2011

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Tesis Doctoral Catalano-2011 Cicadélidos vectores de fitoplasmas a cultivos de importancia económica en la Argentina Sistemática y bioecología (Insecta- Auchenorrhyncha- Cicadellidae) Tesis Doctoral Lic. María Inés Catalano 2011 Director: Dra. Ana María Marino de Remes Lenicov Co-Director: Dr. Luis Rogelio Conci Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo A mis padres por todo. Agradecimientos En primer lugar deseo agradecer a mi directora Dra. Ana Marino de Remes Lenicov y mi codirector Dr. Luis Conci por haberme brindado toda su experiencia y conocimientos en el transcurso de esta investigación. Agradezco también a mi codirectora de beca, la Dra. Susana Paradell quien me ha guiado y enriquecido en todo momento con sus conocimientos científicos, y por su amistad. Al Ing. Silvio Lanati por su valiosa colaboración en la realización de los muestreos, por la asistencia técnica y permitirme el uso de las instalaciones del Laboratorio de Entomología de INTA EEA La Consulta (Mendoza). A él y toda su familia por recibirme en su casa. A la Dra. Natalia Meneguzzi por haberme brindado su ayuda y enseñanza en la realización de los estudios moleculares en el Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal (IFFIVE) INTA, Córdoba; y por haberme recibido tan cálidamente en su casa. Al Dr. Arnaldo Maciá (Técnico Profesional CIC) por su cálida y desinteresada colaboración y las valiosas sugerencias referidas al análisis estadístico de los datos. A los Dr. Christopher Dietrich (INHS, USA), Stuart McKamey (USNM, USA), Paul Freytag (Universidad de Kentucky, USA) y Murray Fletcher (NSW-ASCU, Australia) por sus invalorables consideraciones y por facilitarme el préstamo de los materiales desde las respectivas colecciones. Al Dr. Eduardo Virla (PROIMI-Tucumán), al Biól. Juan Pedro Bouvet (INTA EEA Concordia) y al Ing. Darío Fernández (INTA Alto Valle) por el envío de los materiales por ellos capturados y que resultaron un excelente aporte para este estudio. A mis amigas y compañeras de laboratorio, Eugenia, Andrea, Luciana y Gimena por los momentos vividos, las charlas, los consejos, y los trabajos compartidos. A la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC) y al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) por haber financiado parcialmente los estudios de mi tesis doctoral. Por último, quiero agradecer muy especialmente a mis padres, quienes me apoyaron incondicionalmente en todos los aspectos, al igual que mis hermanos, Ariel y Pablo. A Pablo, por su enorme colaboración en la redacción y compilación del manuscrito, las valiosas sugerencias aportadas, y especialmente por el amor y la contención y por demostrarme que se puede por más imposible que parezca. Índice de Contenidos Resumen........................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Capítulo I Introducción general..................................................................................................... 5 Capítulo II Taxonomía de la Familia Cicadellidae Subfamilia Typhlocybinae.............................. 11 Introducción ............................................................................................................................. 12 Materiales y métodos............................................................................................................... 35 Resultados ................................................................................................................................ 36 Conclusiones............................................................................................................................. 84 Capítulo III Cicadélidos como vectores de fitoplasmas............................................................... 85 Introducción ............................................................................................................................. 86 Materiales y métodos............................................................................................................... 92 Resultados ................................................................................................................................ 96 Discusión ................................................................................................................................ 103 Conclusiones........................................................................................................................... 104 Conclusiones generales y perspectivas..................................................................................... 106 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................................ 109 Glosario ..................................................................................................................................... 129 I Índice de Figuras Fig. II-1. Cicadélidos típicos de la fauna Argentina...................................................................... 12 Fig. II-2. Cabeza de Cicadélidos ................................................................................................... 13 Fig. II-3. Aparato bucal de Cicadélidos ........................................................................................ 15 Fig. II-4. Tórax de Cicadélidos...................................................................................................... 17 Fig. II-5. Alas de Cicadélidos ........................................................................................................ 18 Fig. II-6. Patas de Cicadélidos ...................................................................................................... 19 Fig. II-7. Abdomen de Cicadélidos............................................................................................... 21 Fig. II-8. Desarrollo de los cinco estadios ninfales de Cicadélidos .............................................. 22 Fig. II-9. Caracteres de la Subfamilia Typhlocybinae................................................................... 28 Fig. II-10. Genitalia de la hembra de Typhlocybinae................................................................... 31 Fig. II-11. Cámara filtro de tipo tiflocibinae ................................................................................ 32 Fig. II-12. Tribu Alebrini, caracteres diagnósticos ....................................................................... 37 Fig. II-13. Protalebrella brasiliensis (Baker, 1899)....................................................................... 42 Fig. II-14. Protalebrella panamensis Young, 1957....................................................................... 44 Fig. II-15. Rhabdotalebra litoralensis n. sp.................................................................................. 50 Fig. II-16. Rhabdotalebra flava n. sp. .......................................................................................... 54 Fig. II-17. Tribu Dikraneurini, caracteres diagnósticos................................................................ 57 Fig. II-18. Typhlocybella maidica n. sp......................................................................................... 62 Fig. II-19. Typhlocybella affinis n. sp............................................................................................ 65 Fig. II-20. Typhlocybella parva Ruppel y DeLong 1953................................................................ 67 Fig. II-21. Tribu Erythroneurini, caracteres diagnósticos ............................................................ 68 Fig. II-22. Zygina nivea (Mulsant y Rey, 1855)............................................................................. 71 Fig. II-23. Hábitat de Zygina nivea ............................................................................................... 72 Fig. II-24. Cambios en la coloración de un macho de Zygina nivea ............................................ 73 Fig. II-25. Cambios en la longitud de los apodemas esternales de Zygina nivea ........................ 73 II Fig. II-26. Tribu Typhlocybini, caracteres diagnósticos ............................................................... 74 Fig. II-27. Edwardsiana froggatti (Baker, 1925). ......................................................................... 79 Fig. II-28. Tribu Empoascini, caracteres diagnósticos ................................................................. 80 Fig. II-29. Kybos populis (Edwards, 1908).................................................................................... 83 Fig. III-1. Principales áreas productoras de ajo en Argentina...................................................... 86 Fig. III-2. Plantas de ajo con síntomas de “tristeza del ajo”........................................................ 88 Fig. III-3. Mecanismo de transmisión de fitoplasmas.................................................................. 91 Fig. III-4. Áreas de muestreo en cultivos de ajo en Mendoza, Argentina ................................... 93 Fig. III-5. Abundancia Relativa de las especies dominantes y frecuentes................................... 99 Fig. III-6. Gel de agarosa con amplificación de la banda de tamaño esperado......................... 102 III Índice de Tablas Tabla II-1.Riqueza y diversidad de géneros endémicos de las Subfamilias de Cicadellidae
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