Status of the Aquatic Plant Maintenance Program in Public Waters Annual Report Fiscal Year 2004-2005

AUTHORITY This report was prepared in accordance with §369.22 (7), Florida Statutes, to provide an annual assessment of the control achieved and funding necessary to manage nonindigenous aquatic plants in intercounty waters. The authority of the Department of Environmental Protection (department) as addressed in §369.20 (5), Florida Statutes, extends to the management of nuisance populations of all aquatic plants, both indigenous and nonindigenous, and in all waters accessible to the general public. The aquatic plant management program in Florida’s public waters involves complex operational and financial interactions between state, federal, and local governments as well as private sector companies. Therefore, a summary of the entire management program in sovereignty public waters and associated funding contracted or monitored by the department during Fiscal Year 2004-2005 is included in this report. Notice of Filing

Reporting Agency: DEP Bureau of Invasive Plant Management (BIPM) Program for: FY 2004-2005 Report Due Date: January 3, 2005 Statutory Requirement: §369.22 (7), F.S.

Florida’s aquatic plant management program mission is to reduce negative impacts from invasive non-indig- enous plants like floating water hyacinth and submersed hydrilla, as well as nuisance native plants, including floating islands that jeopardize navigation, bridges and flood control structures. Invasive, non-native plants infest 96% of the 455 public lakes and rivers inventoried in 2005 that comprise 1.28 million acres of fresh water where fishing alone is valued at over $1.5 billion annually. Once they establish, eradicating invasive plants is difficult or impossible; therefore, continuous maintenance is critical to sustaining navigation, flood control, and recreation while conserving native plant habitat on sovereignty state lands.

The floating, non-native water hyacinth and water lettuce are two of the world’s fastest growing plants. These pests, that once covered more than 125,000 acres of Florida’s public waters, are the BIPM’s highest manage- ment priority. Floating plants covered 14,400 acres in the 271 waters in which they were detected during 2005. 98% of Florida’s public waters are under maintenance control in regards to invasive floating plants. About $2.8 million were spent controlling 28,550 acres of floating plants in FY 04-05. 80% of the floating plant coverage was in the St Johns and Kissimmee Rivers and , and intensive management efforts are underway to bring these systems under control.

Hydrilla, a submersed invasive species, introduced from Southeast Asia in the 1950s, dispersed throughout the state impacting nearly 140,000 acres by the early 1990s. Dense mats form at the water surface blocking navigation, jamming against bridges, starving fish of oxygen, and hampering flood control. Increased control efforts from improved, recurring funding under the Florida Forever Act, and wave action from three hurri- canes in 2004 reduced the hydrilla standing crop to 20,409 in 2005 - the lowest level since the BIPM began conducting inventories in 1982. However, underground tubers that can sprout and blanket waters within one year, still infest an estimated 88,900 acres. Hydrilla which was recorded in as many as 288 public water bodies during the previous ten years, was detected in 195 waters in 2005 and is considered to be under maintenance control in 99% of Florida’s public waters. Approximately $9.9 million were spent managing 16,580 acres of hydrilla in public waters in FY 04-05. These figures are low compared to the previous five years, reflecting the continuing growth-suppressing impacts of the 2004 hurricanes. However as waters begin to clear and recover from hurricane-related disturbances, hydrilla quickly re-grows, requiring ongoing maintenance.

Nine additional invasive plants collectively infest 87% of Florida’s public waters covering about 17,600 acres. Increased funding since FY 00-01 has allowed managers to begin reducing these invasive pests as well; most notably a 5,000-acre torpedograss reduction in the marshes of Lake Okeechobee. About $1.2 million were spent managing other plants in FY 04-05, including invasive exotics as well as rooted native plants that interfered with uses and functions of Florida public waters. Rapidly increasing lake levels and wind and wave action from three major 2004 hurricanes generated thousands of acres of floating islands and tussocks in public waters over the previous two years. Buoyant plants and dried peat and muck pulled loose from re-flooded lake bottoms that had been exposed during 4-5 years of drought. Many of the floating islands were drifting freely in waters; as soon as one is removed from a navigation trail, boat ramp, bridge or flood control structure, another takes its place. Control costs range from $3,500 to more than $10,000/acre. While in previous years only a few acres of floating islands required control, 7,110 acres of drifting tussocks and floating islands were controlled in FY 04-05 at a cost of $8.6 million.

Approximately $29.7 million are needed for FY 06-07 to manage invasive exotic aquatic plants and floating islands; $16 million to sustain hydrilla maintenance control; $3.0 million to control floating plants, $7.0 mil- lion to manage other invasive plants and to control freely drifting floating islands in Florida public waters, and $3.7 million to control melaleuca, Brazillian pepper, and Australian pine pursuant to Sections 206.606, 369.251 and 369.252, FS. Year in Review

• Invasive non-native plants pollute 96% of Florida’s public lakes and rivers that comprise 1.28 million acres of fresh water where fishing alone has been valued at $1.5 billion annually. (pp. 1, 3) • The DEP aquatic plant control program mission is to reduce negative impacts from invasive non-indigenous plants and their control in public waters while conserving diverse native plant habitat. (pp. 2-29) • Continuous maintenance of invasive aquatic plants is needed to sustain navigation, flood control, and recreation while preserving native plant habitat. (pp. 26-27) • Floating water hyacinth and water lettuce are two of the world’s fastest growing plants and therefore are the DEP’s highest management priorities. (pp. 11, 12, 26, 30) • Floating plants covered 14,400 acres of public water bodies in 2005 and are under maintenance control in 98% of 273 waters infested. (p. 37) • Managers spent about $2.8 million controlling 28,550 acres of floating plants in Florida public lakes and rivers during FY 04-05 to keep them under maintenance control. (pp. 37, 40) • Submersed hydrilla, imported in the 1950s as an aquarium plant, evolved into statewide water and habitat management crises infesting about 140,000 acres in 288 water bodies by the mid 1990s. (pp. 6, 33, 38) • Improved, recurring funding since the early 2000s allowed for increased control efforts. Effects of wind and waves generated by three major hurricanes in 2004 and strong winter and spring 2005 storms helped reduce the hydrilla standing crop to 20,400 acres - the lowest hydrilla level recorded since 1982. (pp. 6, 33, 38) • Hydrilla is under maintenance control in 99% of the 194 public waters that it infested in 2005; however, tubers infest about 88,900 acres and represent the potential for immediate large-scale reinfestation. (pp. 6, 38) • Managers spent $9.9 million treating 16,570 acres of hydrilla during FY 04-05. (pp. 38, 40) • Several hydrilla clones are documented in Florida waters, each with different fluridone herbicide tolerances. This tolerance and high water level and discharge schedules in hydrilla infested reservoirs like the Kissimmee Chain and , present the greatest long range hydrilla management challenges. (pp. 33-35) • Several thousand acres of floating islands and tussocks formed in public waters as lakes rapidly refilled after 4 years of extreme drought. Freely drifting tussocks and islands must be controlled to prevent problems with access and navigation, pushing against bridges, or clogging flood control structures. (pp. 21, 35, 36) • For the first time, more money was spent controlling Other Plants ($9.7 million) than hydrilla in FY 04- 05; mostly for controlling floating islands and tussocks. 7,110 acres of floating islands and tussocks were controlled at a cost of $8.6 million (pp. 39-41) • The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council lists 12 Category I Plants, capable of disrupting aquatic ecosystems and causing economic harm, in Florida public waters. (pp. 3-15) • Techniques are available for effective Category I species management (pp. 4-25); insufficient funding has limited their control. Invasive torpedograss has been reduced by 30% in Lake Okeechobee during the previous three years with increased program funding, restoring about 7,000 acres of marsh.(pp. 33, 39-41) • $29.7 million are needed in FY 06-07 to control invasive plants in Florida public lakes and rivers: • $16.0 million to sustan maintenance control of hydrilla, • $ 3.0 million to restore maintenance control of floating plants, • $ 7.0 million to control floating islands and expand maintenance control of other invasive plants, • 3.7$ million for melaleuca, Brazillian pepper, and Australian pine pursuant to Sections 206.606, 369.251 and 252, FS. Contents

Background ...... 1 Prevention and Assessent ...... 2 Invasive Plant Problems ...... 3 Aquatic Nightshade ...... 4 Giant Salvinia ...... 5 Hydrilla ...... 6 Hygrophila ...... 7 Napier grass ...... 8 Paragrass ...... 9 Torpedograss ...... 10 Water Hyacinth ...... 11 Water Lettuce ...... 12 Water Spinach ...... 13 West Indian Marsh Grass ...... 14 Wild Taro ...... 15 Biological Control ...... 16 Chemical Control ...... 18 Mechanical Control ...... 20 Physical Control ...... 22 Integrated Management ...... 24 Maintenance Control ...... 26 Management Objectives ...... 27 Standardization ...... 28 Authorities / Responsibilities ...... 29 Priorities ...... 30 Hydrilla Control Considerations ...... 31 Management Timetable ...... 32 Challenges ...... 33 Operations – Floating Plants ...... 37 Operations – Hydrilla ...... 38 Operations – Other Plants ...... 39 FY 02-03 Management Statistics ...... 40 Funding Needs ...... 41 Appendix I-Funding Expenditures and Allocations ...... 42 Background

Florida Fresh Waters • 1.5 million acres of lakes and rivers • 7,700 lakes and ponds • 1,700 rivers and streams • 455 public* lakes and rivers total 1.28 million acres • thousands of miles of canals * sovereignty lands with public boat ramp note: seven waters were not inventoried in 2005 due to low water, high water, or hurricane-related damage, to the boat Recreation ramp or access blocked by fallen trees.

Uses of Florida’s Public Waters

• recreation, • commerce, • navigation, • habitat, • ecotourism, • potable water, Navigation • flood control, • irrigation. Navigation and flood control structure S65 and Highway 60 on the south end of Benefits of Aquatic Plant Management • $1.5 billion in annual revenues to Florida from freshwater fishing and wildlife observation. (1985 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Report) • Orange and Lochloosa Lakes (18,400 acres - Alachua County) generated $10 million annually to local economies. A ten-fold reduction in revenues was Habitat identified when water hyacinth and hydrilla covered the water surfaces. (1986 & 1987 Uiversity of Florida Studies) • $13 million annual value for 4,000-acre Lake Jackson (Leon County). (1996 FSU Economic Report) • $50 million annual value for 2,500-acre Lake Tarpon (Pinellas County). More than 700 jobs generating $9 million in wages. (1997 FSU Economic Report). • $40 million of economic values reported at risk from invasive aquatic weeds, especially hydrilla, for 27,000-acre Lake Istokpoga (Highlands County). (2004 FSU Economic Report)

1 Prevention and Assessment

Intuitively, if invasive plants are not imported Various federal, state and local governments into Florida waters, then environmental dam- regulate activities and inform the public about age and expensive management programs invasive aquatic plant problems via: would not be necessary. If invasive plants are • articles, present but detected early, then damage and • books, expenses can be minimized. Florida’s multi- • brochures, agency prevention program and the Bureau of • laws, ordinances, codes, Invasive Plant Management (BIPM) annual • multi media advertising, inventory of public waters are steps toward • public speaking engagements, reducing impacts caused by invasive aquatic • reports, plants. • research publications, • school curricula, and Prevention • web sites (http://plants.ifas.edu/guide) Three agencies cooperate to reduce invasive & (www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec) aquatic plant introductions into Florida: • the US Department of Homeland Assessment Security (DHS) inspects import Each year, BIPM field staff inventory inva- shipments of aquarium plants, sive plants in Florida’s 455 public waters that • the Florida Department of Agriculture comprise 1.28 million acres of fresh water. and Consumer Services (FDACS) Surveys are conducted to: inspects wholesale aquatic plant • detect new invasive plant introductions nurseries, and and alert managers for rapid control, • the BIPM inspects retail aquatic plant • establish needs-based management sales outlets and regulates the collection budgets, of plants from, and planting of aquatic • develop management priorities to plants into, state waters. distribute available funds, • evaluate impacts from invasive plants and management programs.

Inspecting for prohibited plants Plant inventory in Lake Okeechobee

2 Invasive Plant Problems

98% of Florida’s public waters inventoried in Problems caused by invasive aquatic plants 2005 contained one or more exotic plants. The include: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC) • loss of recreation, lists 12 of the 24 non-native aquatic plants • severe oxygen depletion, found in Florida’s public waters among the 65 • stunted fish populations, fish kills, Category I invasive plants reported in Florida. • water flow restrictions, flooding, Category I plants invade or disrupt native • navigation restrictions, plant communities. • accelerated sedimentation, • habitat destruction, Category I invasive plants were reported in • reduction in diversity, 96% of the public waters inventoried during • reduction in property values. 2005 and impacted 110,761 acres (includes estimated 88,861 acres impacted by hydrilla standing crop and tubers). • Category I invasive plants comprised about 35% of all plant acreage invento- ried in public waters when all plant species were last inventoried in 2003.

Invasive aquatic plants are characterized by: • rapid growth, • multiple reproductive methods, • wide dispersal and survival, • broad environmental tolerance, Water hyacinth has plagued Florida waters since the late 1800s as shown in the 1898 post card (above) of the St Johns River • resistance to management.

FLEPPC Category I Aquatic Plants Found in Florida Public Waters

Aquatic nightshade Solanum tampisense Giant salvinia Salvinia molesta Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Hygrophila Hygrophila polysperma Napier grass Pennisetum purpureum Paragrass Urochloa mutica Torpedograss Panicum repens Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes Water spinach Ipomoea aquatica W Indian marshgrass Hymenachne amplexicaulis Wild taro Colocasia esculenta

Hydrilla mat covering the surface of Lake Okeechobee

3 Aquatic Nightshade

Scientific name: Solanum tampicense Origin: Mexico, West Indies Introduction: 1970s, natural colonization (?) Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Shorelines, wet soils Distribution: Central Florida Management effort: Eradication 2005 public waters / plant acres: 1 / 6

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Sprawling, prickly shrubs up to 15 feet form dense tangled monocultures. Aquatic nightshade flower and fruit (box), spines on leaf (circle) • Invades disturbed areas and grows over established native vegetation. • Difficult to selectively remove from intertwined native vegetation. • Seeds disseminated by birds increasing potential for wide and rapid dispersal.

Aquatic nightshade invading understory of

Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: 2,4-D, triclopyr Mechanical: impractical - plants in shallow water, marshes Physical: hand pulling individual plants

4 Giant Salvinia

Scientific name: Salvinia molesta Origin: South America Introduction: 1990s, horticulturists Aquatic community: Floating Habitat: Water surfaces, quiescent waters Distribution: Central FL lake, SW FL canals Management effort: Eradication 2005 public waters / plant acres: 0 / 0

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Grows rapidly and reproduces by vegetative Giant salvinia plants fragments. • Dense infestations block navigation, cover na- tive plants, and clog irrigation pipes. • Reduces oxygen content in water and causes fish kills. • Considered as one of the world’s worst weeds.

Magnification of hairs on leaf surface

Giant salvinia covering part of the Toledo Bend Reservoir (Texas - Louisiana)

Management Options: Biological: South American weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae - reports of excellent control from other states Chemical: diquat, fluridone, glyphosate Mechanical: not feasible in current infestations Physical: dewatering

5 Hydrilla

Scientific name: Hydrilla verticillata Origin: Southeast Asia Introduction: Ear1y 1950s, aquarium trade Aquatic community: Submersed, surface mats Habitat: Inches to 35 feet deep Distribution: Statewide Management effort: Maintenance control 2005 public waters / plant acres: 195 / 20,409 (tubers cover estimated 88,900 acres)

Environmental and Economic Concerns • Grows as much as 4 inches per day in Florida waters. Dense hydrilla growth at water surface • Can cover water body surface 1-2 years after introduction. • 80% of plant mass is in the upper two feet of water column; - blocks sunlight and kills native plants, - blocks air exchange and consumes oxygen - fish kills, - virtually stops access, navigation, and recreation, - breaks loose and jams against bridges and dams. • Reduces water activity-based incomes and property values. • Doubles sedimentation rate from scenesing leaves and stems. • Disperses by fragments, buds, and runners (no seeds). • Resists control via underground propagules (tubers); - millions produced per acre, - no effective tuber control method, - lie dormant as long as 7 years. Hydrilla sprouting from tuber

Hydrilla mat covering the surface of Hydrilla jam against bridge

Management Options: Biological: sterile grass carp, host specific insects (little insect success) Chemical: large scale fluridone; copper, diquat, endothall for smaller infestations Mechanical: harvest from spring runs, harvest/shred mats against structures Physical: hand pull / diver dredge new infestations, or in fast flowing water

6 Hygrophila

Scientific name: Hygrophila polysperma Origin: India, Malaysia Introduction: Mid 1940s, aquarium trade Aquatic community: Submersed, emergent Habitat: Wet soils to water 15 feet deep Distribution: Central / South Florida, many canals Management effort: Complaint management 2006 public waters / plant acres: 26 / 144 Stem rooting at leaf nodes Environmental and Economic Concerns • Forms dense surface mats especially in quiescent waters; - excludes light and oxygen penetration for native plants and animals, - hinders navigation and diminishes flood control capacity. • Fragile stems root at each leaf node allowing rapid dispersal and establishment. • Expensive and extremely difficult to control. • Most public water infestations found in rivers or in lakes near river inflow.

Hygrophila clogging a South Florida flood control canal

Management Options: Biological: extremely high rates of sterile grass carp (in canal systems) Chemical: frequent applications of various formulations / rates of copper, diquat, endothall, fluridone and 2,4-D provide marginal control Mechanical: harvest floating mats Physical: hand pulling, raking

7 Napier Grass

Scientific name: Pennisetum purpureum Origin: Old World, Africa Introduction: Early 1900s, forage grass Aquatic community: Emergent grass Habitat: Shorelines, wet to dry soils Distribution: Central and South Florida Management effort: Complaint management 2005 public waters / plant acres: 33 / 384

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Clump-forming grass up to 12 feet tall along shorelines, in wet to dry soils. • Most often in disturbed areas, especially along canal banks. • Problems with flood control by blocking access to canals and impeding water flow. • Deep fibrous root system enables drought resis- tance, but can be injured by freezes. • Propogates vegetatively from root crown divisions or rhizome and stem fragments, especially after mechanical control such as tilling.

Management Options: Biological: none available Chemical: glyphosate Mechanical: mowing, harvest or shred floating mats Physical: drawdown, desiccation, and burning

8 Paragrass

Scientific name: Urochloa mutica Origin: Africa Introduction: Late 1800s, forage grass Aquatic community: Emergent grass Habitat: Wet soils, shorelines, floating mats Distribution: Central and South Florida Management effort: Complaint management 2005 public waters / plant acres: 235 / 1,598

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Sprawling grass up to 15 feet long that forms dense tufts on shorelines. Dense tangle of paragrass • Provides little wildlife value and crowds out native plants. • Mats can break loose forming floating islands. Flower Single Plant • Considered one of the world’s worst weeds.

Single plant Management Options:

Paragrass covering Lake Kissimmee shoreline Biological: none available Chemical: glyphosate Mechanical: mowing, harvest or shred floating mats Physical: drawdown, desiccation, and burning

9 Torpedograss

Scientific name: Panicum repens Origin: Old World Introduction: Late 1800s, forage grass Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Dry land to water six feet deep Distribution: Statewide Management effort: Complaint management 2005 public waters / plant acres: 365 / 14,506

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Thick mats stop navigation and water movement. • Displaces native plants in wet soils and shallow waters. Torpedograss in Lake Okeechobee • Resists control via extensive starch-laden rhizomes. • Most widely dispersed invasive exotic plant in Florida public waters 81%).

Torpedo-like root tip (in circle)

Inspecting torpedo grass infestation on Lake Okeechobee.

Management Options: Biological: none available, fungus species under review Chemical: glyphosate, imazapyr Mechanical: harvest floating islands Physical: drawdown and burn prior to treating with herbicides; flood after treatments

10 Water Hyacinth

Scientific name: Eichhornia crassipes Origin: South America Introduction: 1880s, horticulturists Aquatic community: Floating Habitat: Water surfaces Distribution: Statewide, especially peninsula Management effort: Maintenance control 2005 public waters / plant acres: 248 / 8,302

Environmental and Economic Concerns • Populations double in as little as two weeks. • Disperses by seeds and stolons. • Harbors mosquitoes. • Speeds sedimentation by shedding roots and shoots. • Dense mats prevent air and light diffusion into water; - killing native plants, fish and wildlife, and - preventing decomposition of detritus. • Mats dam against bridges and flood control structures. • Reduces property values and local tax revenues.

Water hyacinth in Fisheating Creek, September 2003 Water hyacinth roots and shoots

Management Options:

Biological: two weevil species and a moth larvae stress plants reducing plant size, vigor, seed production Chemical: 2,4-D, diquat, occasionally glyphosate, copper Mechanical: harvesters or shredders at bridges or flood control structures Physical: occasional hand picking pioneer populations

11 Water Lettuce

Scientific name: Pistia stratiotes Origin: South America Introduction: Colonial period, ship ballast (?) Aquatic community: Floating Habitat: Water surfaces Distribution: Peninsula, rare in panhandle Management effort: Maintenance control 2005 public waters / plant acres: 158 / 6,097

Environmental and Economic Concerns • Growth rate similar to water hyacinth. • Harbors mosquitoes. • Mats prevent air and light diffusion into water; - killing native plants, fish and wildlife, and - preventing decomposition of detritus. • Speeds sedimentation by shedding roots and shoots. • Dense mats dam against bridges and reduce water flow at flood control structures.

Below: water lettuce covering (Pool B)

Management Options:

Biological: 2 host-specific insects (ineffective to date) Chemical: diquat - occasionally copper near drinking water intakes - carfentrazone Mechanical: harvest around bridges and flood control structures Physical: occasional winter drawdowns

12 Water Spinach

Scientific name: Ipomoea aquatica Origin: China Introduction: Mid 1900s, vegetable crop Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Dry land, shorelines, floating mats Distribution: Isolated sites, statewide Management effort: Eradication 2005 public waters / plant acres: 0 / 0

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Grows several inches per day. • Forms dense canopies over emergent plants, Water spinach stem and flower floating mats on water surfaces. • Common weed throughout the tropics, especially in rice fields. • Potential for rapid dispersal by persons planting as a vegetable crop.

Water spinach growing across central Florida pond after escaping from shoreline cultivation

Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: 2,4-D, glyphosate, imazapyr, triclopyr Mechanical: not feasible, fragments start new plants Physical: hand pulling

13 West Indian Marsh Grass

Scientific name: Hymenachne amplexicaulis Origin: Central, South America, West Indies Introduction: 1970s, natural colonization (?) Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Wet soils to shallow water Distribution: South & Southwest Florida Management effort: Maintenance control 2005 public waters / plant acres: 20 / 359

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Forms dense monocultures in marshes and along shorelines. • Displaces native grasses because of its broader tolerance to wet and dry periods. Difficult to control when growing among • Flower stalks native grasses because they are susceptible to the same control methods.

West Indian marsh grass blocking Arbuckle Creek

Manage- ment Op- tions: Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: glyphosate Mechanical: impractical - plants in shallow marshes Physical: fire + glyphosate to control regrowth

14 Wild Taro

Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta Origin: India, Southeast Asia Introduction: Early 1900s, food crop Aquatic community: Emergent Habitat: Wet soils, shallow water, floating islands Distribution: Statewide Management effort: Eradicate new colonies 2005 public waters / plant acres: 289 / 597

Environmental and Economic Concerns

• Displaces native plants, especially along shaded shorelines and in wetlands. • Expanded from 35-65% of Florida’s public water bodies between 1983-2005. • Shoreline populations break loose forming floating islands that block access, cover native plant habitat, and root in new areas, spreading the infestation.

Wild taro growing along shoreline

Management Options:

Biological: none available Chemical: 2,4-D + diquat + Kinetic most effective, glyphosate, triclopyr Mechanical: harvest floating mats - roots fragment into new plant Physical: hand pulling - use caution, oxalic acid irritant in plant

15 Biological Control

General sufficient to satisfy management objectives. Biological controls rarely eradicate invasive While the intent is to demonstrate cost-effec- plants. Their use in Florida’s aquatic plant tiveness of already released biological con- control program is to lessen invasive plant trols, the effect can be that research funding competitive advantages below some ecologi- for additional controls (additional stress on a cal or economic threshold. Biological control target invasive plant) is terminated before a success is often measured in terms of control solution is found and researchers move on to achieved by individual agents. However, other problems. fewer than one-third of biological controls released world-wide have proven effective The BIPM and USACE provide funding for when judged under this criterion. The goal of review and dispersal of approved controls. the biological control program is to continue The USDA and UF conduct classical biologi- to evaluate and release enough insects or cal control research through overseas explora- pathogens to, if not eliminate, at least reduce tion for insects and pathogens; the need for, or amount of, other management • to control established invasive plants, options. • with host-specific controls (will not dam- age non-target plants). The biological control component of the The USDA and FDACS regulate the release of aquatic plant management program has biocontrol agents in Florida. strained under unrealistic expectations. Re- search and development funding has been Fourteen biological controls have been evalu- minimal, piecemeal, and non-recurring. There ated overseas and released in Florida to con- is pressure on researchers from managers and trol the following invasive plants: policy makers to transfer limited funding to other control options if each evaluated poten- Plant # Biocontrols tial control does not immediately reduce target • alligatorweed 3 invasive plants. Consequently, there is pres- • hydrilla 4 sure on researchers to declare management • water hyacinth 3 success before sufficient stress or control is • water lettuce 2 • melaleuca 2

Defoliation and stem collapse of alligatorweed mat from biocontrols

Flea beetle feeding on alliga- torweed leaf

16 Biological Control Efforts in Florida Four insects have been released to attack Three insect species were released in the late hydrilla leaves (2), stems (1), and tubers (1); 1960s to control invasive alligatorweed. Al- however, none have shown signs of control- though alligatorweed is the fifth most widely ling or stressing hydrilla in public waters. dispersed aquatic plant in Florida (found in 81% of public waters during 2005), mechani- cal or herbicide management is rarely neces- sary in public waters. Insects usually defoli- ate leaves and collapse stems by early summer (previous page).

Two weevil species and a moth whose larvae feed on the leaves, reduce water hyacinth vigor and seed production, but have not controlled the plant in Florida regardless of the amount of time (10 or more years in some cases without herbicide use, as in Leaf-mining fly on hydrilla the photographs below), or the amount of concomitant mechanical or herbicide control. Only the sterile Asian grass carp has shown hydrilla control capability, but it is not selec- Water hyacinth on Fisheating Creek severly stressed by weevils tive and is difficult to contain in Florida’s interconnected surface waters. Lack of se- lectivity is addressed by stocking the lowest possible rates before hydrilla expands, or in combination with herbicides to keep hydrilla at the lowest level. Removing large numbers of grass carp if overstocked in public water bodies has proven nearly impossible. Triploid grass carp are stocked in 75 of Florida’s 455

Insect feeding scars on water hyacinth leaves

Sterile grass carp in hydrilla public water bodies for hydrilla control. Two South American weevils released to manage water lettuce have dispersed and feed on the plant, but have shown few signs of con- trolling or stressing water lettuce despite several intensive establishment attempts. 17 Chemical Control

Chemicals used to control aquatic plants in The US Environmental Protection Agency Florida public waters fall into two broad cat- (USEPA) evaluates herbicides for potential egories; herbicides and adjuvants. human and environmental impacts, and regis- ters compounds for use in Florida waters if the Herbicides benefits far exceed identified risks. Evaluations Herbicides are applied directly to target inva- include: sive plants or are dispersed within the water • residue in water, fish, shellfish and crops, column to kill plants. • environmental fate (dispersal in the environment), • Advantages: • how compounds breakdown and breakdown - generally selective control, products, - relatively inexpensive, • routes of entry into test animals, - quickly control broad area, • short term (acute) toxicity in test animals, - eradicate pioneer infestations. • long term impacts including tumors, birth defects and other abnormalities, • Disadvantages: • toxicity to aquatic life such as fish, - temporary, waterfowl, and invertebrates. - inconsistent public opinion/acceptance, - plants may develop tolerance, The FDACS registers USEPA-approved her- - various water use restrictions, bicides for use in Florida after consulting with - plants decompose insitu, state and federal environmental and health - non-target plant impacts. agencies through the Pesticide Review Council.

Research to determine lowest 2,4-D rate for water hyacinth control

18 The BIPM funds and evaluates research to Herbicide class Formulation identify weaknesses in invasive plant life- cycles and to apply herbicides to selectively carfentrazone liquid control invasive plants. Selectivity is attained copper liquid / granular through understanding physical and biological diquat liquid parameters including: endothall liquid / granular • developing methods to place herbicides fluridone liquid / pellet only on target plants, imazapyr liquid • determining the lowest herbicide rates that glyphosate liquid will affect target plants, triclopyr liquid • applying the most appropriate herbicide 2,4-D liquid / granular formulation and additives, • understanding physiology and susceptibil- Herbicides are classified as contact or systemic, ity of target and non-target organisms, based upon mode of action. • timing control as target plants are most • Contact herbicides kill, relatively quickly, (and non-target plants least) vulnerable. the plant or portion of plant, on which they come into contact. (carfentrazone, copper, Approximately 200 herbicide active ingre- diquat, and endothall) dients are registered in the United States. • Systemic herbicides are absorbed into, and Registration criteria are much more rigid for translocated within, the plant. (fluridone, aquatic use herbicides vs. their terrestrial use imazapyr, glyphosate, triclopyr, and 2,4-D) counterparts, consequently only nine herbicide Adjuvants classes are registered with the USEPA and the Adjuvants are inert materials added to pesti- FDACS for use in Florida waters. Dissapa- cide formulations to increase the effectiveness tion and efficacy evaluations are underway of the active ingredient. Adjuvants: for four hydrilla control compounds either • reduce foaming (clogging), through the USEPA processes for Experimen- • reduce drift in the air, tal Use or Emergency Exemption Permits, or • spread herbicides across leaf surfaces, through Special Local Needs Registrations. • increase herbicide contact by sticking, Compounds registered for use in Florida wa- • increase herbicide penetration. ters include the following:

Loading fluridone pellets for large-scale hydrilla control Airboat equipped for liquid and pellet herbicide applications to

19 Mechanical Control

Mechanical devices have been used since the early 1900s to sheer, shred, slurry, press, pull, lift, and convey aquatic plants from problem areas in Florida public waters. • Advantages: - few water use restrictions, - remove vegetation, - remove nutrients and organics, - no oxygen sag (if plants removed). • Disadvantages: - limited access in shallow water, - high operating costs, - spread plants via fragments, Water hyacinth control on the , 1939 - kill non-target plants and animals, - slow (control 2-3 acres / day) High operational expenses and slow rate of - repeated harvests select for invasives. control combined with the rapid growth rate of water hyacinth and hydrilla, and propensity for removing all plant and animal life, limit harvesting these plants to small areas (i.e. around bridges), where other control methods have not been effective (i.e. intertidal waters or fast flowing waters in spring runs), and for tussock or floating island control.

Harvesting hydrilla from fast flowing waters of Wakulla Springs

Water hyacinth spoil pile In efforts to offset management costs, research has been conducted to find economical uses for harvested materials. However, Products from aquatic plants include: since aquatic plants are comprised of about • potting soil and mulch, 95% water, costs of harvesting, drying, and • animal feed supplements, otherwise preparing aquatic vegetation for • paper, commercial products far exceed the costs • furniture, and of deriving similar products from terrestrial • methane gas. vegetation. 20 As Florida’s four-year drought ended and water bodies refilled, thousands of acres of floating islands formed, especially in the public lakes of central Florida. These islands can consist strictly of floating mats (tussocks) of herbacious aquatic plants, or they can be floating masses of peat and other organic deposits from 2-4 feet thick sup- porting herbacious and woody plants. In extreme cases floating islands support trees up to 12 inches in diameter and as tall as 50 feet. Shredding floating island using vegetation as containment barrier Floating islands can inflict the same or greater damage to access, navigation, habitat, bridges, and flood control structures as floating mats of water hyacinth if allowed to drift freely. Herbi- cides effectively control floating herbacious plant mats, but shredders and harvesters provide the only means of controlling floating islands of thick sediments and large trees.

The photos below and to the right document the nearly 300 acres of floating islands that rose to the surface and drifted back and forth across Todd Final shredding and harvesting floating island and Dodd Lakes within the Tsala Apopka lake containment barrier / marsh system. Islands that had not yet drifted to new locations were shreded while harvesters removed floating islands from boat trails, shore- lines, and access points. Material harvested far from shore was stacked on designated spoil piles within the lakes while debris along shorelines was hauled out of the system.

Piling harvested material on in-lake disposal site

Removing harvested material from lake Part of the 300 acres of floating islands drifting in Tsala Apopka 21 Physical Control

Physical controls include managing aquatic • drying stimulates seed germination in plants by hand, desiccation (drawdowns), water hyacinth and lettuce, flooding, prescribed fire, suction dredging, • hydrilla tubers are resistant to drying. barriers, and light attenuation. High cost, se- lectivity concerns, and logistics limit applica- Drawdowns are usually reserved for emergent tions to only a few methods and a few sites in plant control, especially when: Florida public waters each year. • conducted in dry winter months, and • combined with prescribed fire to reduce Hand removing aquatic plants, including rak- thatch and other organics, and stimulate ing, pulling, and diver dredging is: regrowth of invasive plants (ie. torpedo- • labor intensive, grass) to facilitate herbicide control. • used to manage new infestations, - when other methods are ineffective Partial drawdowns, or water level reductions, (fast flowing springs), are requested to accomodate large-scale hy- - when immediate removal is needed drilla control in several central Florida reser- (pioneering infestations or removing voirs. Lowering water levels prior to initiating plants from water pump intakes). herbicide treatments allows for some storage capacity to buffer against rain events flushing Drawdowns are used to retard or turn back the out treated waters. Lowering the volume of lake aging process by: water can save millions of dollars in treatment • aerating sediments and accelerating costs and substantially reduce the application organic decay, of herbicide active ingredient. • compacting and stabilizing sediments, Prescribed fire during drawdown, Lake Jackson (Leon County) • controlling emergent aquatic plants.

Drawdowns must be conducted frequently if used to control water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla because:

Winter drawdown on to kill 1,500 acres of water lettuce by desiccation and freezing

22 Prescribed flooding (water level increase) is Diver assisted dredges are used in other states available in a few locations to: and occasionally in Florida to: • strand floating plants on upland sites • control small infestations of submersed immediately prior to drawdowns, invasive plants (including hydrilla • retard torpedograss regrowth after tubers) from; drawdown, fire, and herbicide - fast flowing waters in spring runs and applications, and rivers, and • reduce light penetration further - boat ramps or other areas where stressing hydrilla after herbicide immediate removal of pioneer applications. infestations is needed. Two types of material barriers are available Colored dyes can be applied to attenuate light that have limited application including: on a larger scale than with barriers. • benthic barriers that are anchored to • Commercial blue dyes are currently substrates to kill plants through; available but are: - light attenuation and - cost-prohibitive to apply to large - physical disturbance public water bodies, • silt curtains that are installed to isolate - difficult to sustain appropriate stands of submersed invasive plants concentrations in natural, flow- - from water currents, and through systems, - to prolong herbicide contact time. - not selective especially for controlling hydrilla that requires less light to grow than native submersed plants. • Natural tannins can be concentrated and applied to shade invasive submersed plants, but: - impart aesthetically unacceptable dark brown or black color to the water, - are nonselective and not available commercially, - are difficult to sustain in appropriate concentrations.

Diver assisted dredge at Wakulla Springs. Above, diver operating suction dredge; right, hydrilla filling catch basket on barge; below, two dredge units in operation to increase efficiency.

Applying endothall herbicide behind silt barrier in Sanlando Springs (above) 23 Integrated Management

There may be nearly as many definitions of and costs, but may discharge too much fresh integrated pest management (IPM) as there water into downstream estuaries. are invasive species management programs. Most definitions acknowledge several basic IPM Examples components when developing an IPM plan Florida’s aquatic plant management pro- including: gram has incorporated IPM strategies since • multiple management options, its inception more than 100 years ago when • biology and life cycles of invasive physical, mechanical, and chemical control species, methods were applied in unison to combat • ecosystem sensitivity to invasion by water hyacinth growing in the St. Johns River. introduced organisms, Examples of current IPM strategies include: • management impacts on ecosystems, • reducing invasive species impacts Chemical + chemical below an economic / ecological • 2,4-D is applied to control water threshold, hyacinth when it commingles with • flexibility to adapt management tech- grasses because 2,4-D has little impact on niques to changing conditions, aquatic grass species. However diquat, that • continuing development of additional burns (but does not kill) aquatic grasses and management options. bulrush, is used when water hyacinth is mixed with bulrush that is susceptible to 2,4-D (be- IPM programs must also address the low). importance of integrating management tools or strategies among the many shared and Water hyacinth growing among bulrush often competing uses of parcels of land or water bodies. For example; hydrilla control in the Kissimmee Chain of Lakes must incorporate the above issues as well as a thorough understanding of annual flood control regulations, irrigation requirements, recreation, and fish and wildlife habitat, especially endangered snail kite nesting and foraging.

If the dams that regulate water levels within these reservoirs are opened appreciably during herbicide treatments, not only is application cost and control jeopardized, but also additional risks are imposed upon downstream non-target plants. Likewise, the release of herbicide treated waters for • Fluridone is applied to reduce large- irrigation can have negative impacts on scale hydrilla infestations, while commercially important plants, for example endothall is used to stress fluridone- in sod, vegetable, and citrus operations. tolerant hydrilla prior to treatment and Lowering water levels (volume) prior to to touch up remaining hydrilla left after herbicide applications reduces herbicide use fluridone applications. 24 Biological + chemical susceptibility to imazapyr herbicide. • Water hyacinth weevils reduce plant vigor and seed production allowing managers to • Hydrilla control is enhanced by use much less herbicide to sustain maintenance drawing down water levels to reduce the control. amount of fluridone needed to achieve • Reducing hydrilla standing crop with lethal conentrations, then flooding endothall or fluridone prior to sterile carp re- weeks later to limit light penetration lease reduces the number of fish required and (light stimulates hydrilla growth and potential for subsequent carp feeding on non- breaks down fluridone). target plants. Mechanical + chemical Physical + chemical • Harvesters and shredders remove • Torpedograss is most readily controlled floating vegetation islands overgrowing by dewatering and burning to remove dense navigation channels while regrowth is thatch, reduce starch, and stimulate growth and maintained with glyphosate herbicide.

Shredding floating islands overgrowing Snake Creek

Physical + mechanical • Drawdowns incorporating freezes and prescribed fire control emergent aquatic plants, but mats of upland plants that colonize exposed soils must be harvested or shredded before or upon reflooding to prevent them from floating and blocking navigation or structures. Prescribed fire preceeding torpedograss control on Lake Okeechobee 25 Maintenance Control

§369.20 (2), Florida Statutes authorizes the The Example DEP to direct the control of noxious aquatic Water hyacinth, one of the world’s most inva- weeds ...”so as to protect human health, sive weeds, covered more than 2,300 acres of safety, and recreation and, to the greatest the Suwannee River as recently as the early degree practicable, prevent injury to plant 1970’s. Thousands of tons of sediments were and animal life and property.” §369.22 (3), produced by shedding of root and shoot ma- Florida Statutes requires that nonindigenous terial from live plants and from controlled aquatic plants be managed at the lowest fea- plants. Hundreds of acres required control us- sible levels ...”for the purpose of achieving ing thousands of pounds of herbicide. more effective control at a lower long-range cost.” This concept, known as maintenance Crisis management was replaced by mainte- control, results in the reduction of: nance control in the late 1970s. Under main- tenance programs, water hyacinth populations • sedimentation (filling in), are not allowed to grow out of control. Rather, • native plant damage, through frequent inspections and control, this • management costs, invasive plant is reduced to a minor compo- • navigation problems, nent of the ecosystem. Since achieving mainte- • transportation problems, nance control in 1985, relatively little manage- • flood control problems, ment has been necessary, reducing environ- • loss of habitat, mental and economic impacts. Native plants • loss of recreation, have returned to the shores and marshes of the • loss of property values, Suwannee River, restoring fish and wildlife • use of herbicides. habitat.

acres 26 Management Objectives

Goals of Florida’s invasive aquatic plant such as navigation, flood control, and management program include: recreation while preserving or enhancing diverse native vegetation communities for fish • Reducing the abundance of invasive non- and wildlife habitat. native aquatic plants polluting Florida public water bodies; • Integrating appropriate biological, • emphasis on water hyacinth, water chemical, mechanical, and physical lettuce, and hydrilla, control techniques into cost-effective and • eradicate new infestations of invasive environmentally compatible invasive plant aquatic plants, management programs. • sustain established invasive plants at the lowest feasible levels, and • Reviewing current management strategies • begin managing established stands of and assessing and incorporating, where other invasive aquatic plants. appropriate, new technologies and techniques • Sustaining public water body attributes that enhance invasive exotic aquatic plant management objectives.

Hydrilla and Floating Plant Cover in Florida Public Water Bodies, 1982- 2005

Testing 1,000-pound quick release bags to facilitate large-scale fluridone applications and reduce control costs and amount of waste and recyclable material

Metering low-dose Endothall into Wakulla Springs to control downstream hydrilla 27 Standardization

The Department of Environmental Protection administration, and control methods. (then Department of Natural Resources) was designated by the Florida Legislature in 1971 The Water Hyacinth Control Example as the lead agency for aquatic plant control be- For decades, water hyacinth was uncontrolled cause of the agency’s broad range of environ- in some waters, or in other instances, managed mental preservation and conservation goals. by several agencies with differing or narrowly focused goals. There was no statewide man- The DEP created the Bureau of Aquatic Plant agement directive, funding was inconsistent, Research and Control (now Bureau of Inva- and plant populations were out of control as sive Plant Management - BIPM) to coordinate recently as the 1970s. the aquatic plant management activities of more than 200 government agencies and com- Water hyacinth has been reduced from an mercial companies in Florida. The central- estimated 125,000 acres to a low of about 730 ized approach has proven effective for various acres reported in public waters during 2000, reasons: since the program was centralized under the • establishes a statewide management and BIPM. More than 8,300 acres of water hya- resource protection plan, cinth were inventoried in 2005 as a result hur- • ensures statewide priority distribution ricanes flushing previously inaccessible plants of available funds, from adjacent marshes and canals into public • reduces administration; one agency lakes and rivers and from reduced control distributes funds to areas of greatest days due to high winds and increased rainfall. need, Regaining water hyacinth control in all pub- • coordinates management operations lic waters is the highest program priority for with water managers and users, 2006. • avoids duplication as well as neglect, • ensures consistency in policy, goals,

Acres of Water Hyacinth in Florida Public Waters 1947 - 2005

28 Authorities / Responsibilities

The Florida Legislature designated the De- Water management, water control (§ 298, partment of Environmental Protection as the Florida Statutes), and other special districts lead agency for coordinating aquatic plant have authorities to raise money and responsi- control activities in 1971 (§ 369.20 (2), Flor- bilities to control aquatic plants in canals con- ida Statutes). The DEP responded by creat- structed for flood control and water transport ing the Bureau of Aquatic Plant Research and (below). Even sovereignty lakes that do not Control now the Bureau of Invasive Plant have public boat ramps benefit small special Management (BIPM) to oversee and coordi- interest groups, and thus are not eligible for nate these duties. State aquatic plant control funding. Aquatic plant management in these systems is the Funding has never been sufficient for the responsibility of adjacent property owners or BIPM to control all aquatic plant problems. some other unit of government. Additionally, many aquatic plant problems are not considered to be State responsibilities. Eligibility criteria were established by policy in 1989, and later by rule in 1997 (§ 62C- 54.0035 (1), Florida Administrative Code), to identify waters for which the BIPM distributes aquatic plant management funding.

Water bodies must meet the following criteria to receive State aquatic plant control funds: • the water body must be sovereignty lands, • the water body must have public boat ramp access, • a sign must be posted at the ramp stating the water body is open to public use, • there must be signs directing the public Residential canals in Cape Coral from roadways to the public ramp, and The Governor addressed the following com- • the public ramp area must be sufficiently mon sense criteria to determine which of the large to launch boats and park vehicles. DEP’s budget issues would be vetoed and which would receive funding. These criteria fit well with policies already established in the BIPM aquatic plant management program:

• statewide benefit vs. a few localities, • public benefit vs. special interests, • objective, competitive review process, • appropriateness of the funding source (if another entity has fiscal responsibility in an area then DEP funds should not be used in that area).

Public boat ramp on Lake Toho

29 Priorities 3. Boat ramps, navigation trails, and flood Aquatic plant management funding was insuf- control structures ficient to address even high priority hydrilla • invasive exotic and native plants, problems in public water bodies during the including floating islands are equally 1980s and 1990s. The following priority problematic if blocking these areas or list was developed (§62C-54.005 (2) (a-g), structures F.A.C.) to distribute available funds to areas • includes floating tussocks / islands of greatest need and to programs that will achieve the most positive impacts. 4. Create open areas in extensive hydrilla mats Increased funding under the Florida Forever • recreation Act beginning in FY 01-02 has allowed man- • preserve fisheries agers to initiate aquatic plant control programs • flood control and navigation into Priority Level 6. 5. Large-scale hydrilla management Aquatic Plant Management Priorities in • control projects of 500 - 25,000 acres Florida Public Waters 6. Other plants 1. Floating vegetation • remaining FLEPPC Category I invasive • water hyacinth and water lettuce aquatic plant species • can impact all areas of public waters • more than 100 other exotic and native • also floating plants in canals that could aquatic plant species contaminate public lakes and rivers 7. Residential canals or boat trails servicing 2. New hydrilla infestations private homes or clubs except for: • if controlled prior to establishing tubers, • water hyacinth or water lettuce then low-cost eradication is possible • hydrilla, if a connecting public water • usually at boat ramps has little to no hydrilla • also hydrilla in canals that could con- taminate public lakes and rivers

Establishing management priorities

30 Hydrilla Control Considerations

While management of floating plants, water Control feasibility hyacinth and water lettuce, is the BIPM’s • potential for control highest priority, hydrilla control represents the - available methods greatest management expense, and large-scale - environmental conditions hydrilla control in multiple use public waters - water depth and volume represents the greatest management challenge. - water movement (waves, flow) Below are some of the variables that must - chemistry (oxygen, nutrients, pH) be considered when developing large-scale - sediment type (clay, sand, organic) hydrilla control plans. - sediment composition and depth - water temperature Water uses - plant growth stage (hydrilla and non- • navigation (commercial/recreational) target species) • flood control - water clarity (tannin, turbidity, algal • potable water, irrigation, livestock content) • downstream water uses and needs • history of control success in that water • recreation potential or in waters with similar conditions - boating • potential for native/invasive plant - fishing, hunting regrowth - water sports (swimming, skiing, etc.) Other considerations - wildlife observation • cost • wildlife management • logistics - endangered species concerns - contractor and equipment availibility - fishery and waterfowl management • local government and public support - habitat - including listed plant species level (verbal, financial, in-kind) - nesting sites, foraging habitat • alternative water body proximity - other wildlife presence • values associated with the water body at risk

Hydrilla covering north end of Lake Toho, 1997 After hydrilla control on north end of Lake Toho, 1998

31 Management Timetable

Plant management programs are developed each year for public waterbodies. Govern- ment contractors and BIPM and FWC field biologists draft requests that are reviewed by local, state, and federal agency personnel and other stakeholders that have authori- ties or have expressed interest in invasive and nuisance plant management in public waters. Reviewers then meet to establish management plans, priorities, and budgets for the ensuing year. Identified stakeholders are again notified 1-2 weeks prior to project implementation. As new problems arise or if anticipated problems do not materialize, then Refining the floating plant control plan for the Kissimmee River funds are reallocated among contractors to accomodate these changes. In this way, the management workplans for each program maintains statewide standards while water body and set priorities within adapting quickly to local and regional needs. current budget during meetings with agency staffs and other interested Administrative and Management Time- persons. table for Aquatic Plant Control • May 15 – June 30 • January 1 - February 1 Incorporate approved workplans into Managers and contractors meet to government and private contracts and develop large-scale hydrilla control task assignments. projects. • July 1 – June 30 • February 1 – March 15 Manage aquatic plants pursuant to Contractors and BIPM and FWC contracts - revise and reallocate biologists develop plant management funds as conditions change. requests and budgets for the ensuing fiscal year for public waters. • April 1 – November 15 Inventory aquatic plants in public • March 15 – April 15 waters to monitor control impact and Distribute management requests to revise management priorities. reviewing agencies with jurisdictional authorities. Most large-scale hydrilla • November 15 - December 15 control projects are initiated. Compile and verify data from plant inventories and management invoices. • April 15 – May 1 Compile written comments from • December 15 – 31 reviewing agencies. Prepare annual report and ensuing fiscal year budget requests after • May 1-15 analyzing plant inventory and Consider comments in developing management information. 32 Challenges

Aquatic plant management is a craft that blends Little was done during previous decades to predictable sciences of chemistry and hydrology suppress other plants like wild taro invading with the highly variable parameters of biology and marshes connected to Florida’s public waters meteorology, for application in venues with bound- (Fig. 2). Consequently, these plants now present aries defined by human values and econom- Fig. 1 ics. Invasive Plant Growth vs. Funding

Successful aquatic plant managers: • apply the most appropriate control methods, • conserve, restore, and enhance natural processes and/or human uses of public water bodies, • assess and revise priorities based on ever-changing; - biological conditions, - funding availability, - public perceptions/demands, - control technologies, Fig. 2 Percent of Florida Public Waters - contractor availability, and Infested with Wild Taro 1983-2005 - weather conditions. The greatest challenges facing Florida aquatic plant managers heading into 2006 include: • sufficient, recurring funding, • variable tolerances of hydrilla clones to fluridone herbicide, • cost effective hydrilla control in multi-use central Florida reservoirs, • managing floating islands of plants and sediments that form as water levels return significant challenges. Additional funding for in- to pre-drought conditions. vasive plant control became available through the Florida Forever Act in FY 01-02. Since then, man- Sufficient, recurring funding agement programs have been initiated for other With sufficient funding, hydrilla can be reduced to, invasive aquatic plant species. For example the and sustained at, a lower level (Fig. 1). Converse- torpedograss population on Lake Okeechobee has ly, when funds are insufficient, hydrilla expands been reduced from about 16,000 acres to 11,000 within infested waters and is transported to ad- acres reported in 2005, and was replaced with vast ditional waters. When hydrilla expands, a higher expanses of diverse open marsh communities level of funding is required to regain and maintain control. This principle applies to managing most Hydrilla tolerance to fluridone herbicide invasive species. Because of their high manage- Since its registration by the USEPA and FDACS ment priorities, floating plants and most (but not for use in Florida waters in 1986, fluridone has all) hydrilla populations have been contained. Of provided the chief means for large-scale hydrilla the 195 hydrilla populations recorded in 2005, four control. It is slow acting and relatively selective at were considered not under maintenance control. 33 low doses so hydrilla can be weeded out of native uses of Florida public waters than in the Kis- plant populations without appreciable oxygen re- simmee Chain of Lakes (Lakes Toho, Cypress, duction prevalent when using fast-acting contact- Hatchineha, and Kissimmee) and Lake Istokpoga. type herbicides on a large scale. Likewise there are no better examples of the im- pacts of hydrilla maintenance on the uses of water Scientists from several research facilities reported bodies and, visa versa, the impacts of the uses of in 2000 that hydrilla appeared to be developing a water bodies on the ability to conduct hydrilla tolerance to fluridone in some Florida waters. This maintenance. Water levels and discharge flows confirmed field observations of declining hydrilla for each of these reservoirs are manipulated by control even after following procedures from pre- water control structures with prescribed schedules viously successful fluridone treatments. This toler- designed and closely adhered to by the USACE ance surprised managers since hydrilla reproduces and SFWMD. These five lakes contain 60% of the asexually in Florida (only female plants are pres- state’s hydrilla tuber bank and as much as half of ent) leaving no avenue for gene recombination. the BIPM’s annual budget has been spent manag- Further, fluridone attacks only one gene location ing hydrilla in the Kissimmee Chain and Lake in hydrilla leaving a remote chance for mutations. Istokpoga. This is also the first case of a plant developing a resistance to a bleaching-type herbicide. The waters of the Kissimmee Chain and Lake Istokpoga are used for flood control, navigation, Researchers theorize that as many as 17 different and irrigation. They are world renowned for recre- hydrilla clones are possible. At least six have been ational fishing; provide habitat for waterfowl and identified in Florida with tolerances ranging from opportunities for hunting, and are home to rare and 2-33ppb. It is thought that mutations occurr ran- endangered species like eagles, storks, cranes, and domly among the billions of growing points in a Kites. The five lakes, with a collec- hydrilla-infested water. Repeated low dose fluri- tive surface area of 92,200 acres, have supported done treatments controlled the highly susceptible hydrilla standing crops totalling nearly 70,000 clones, leaving the more tolerant plants. acres. Successful management is imperative or hydrilla will fill the water columns of these lakes Increasing fluridone resistance can be compensat- bringing recreation and navigation to a standstill, ed by increasing herbicide rates, but this translates reducing the capacity for irrigation water supply into escalating management costs, reduced selec- and flood protection, reducing oxygen content that tivity for surrounding native plants, and in extreme could lead to massive fish kills, and accelerating cases, failure to control hydrilla if the elevated the filling in of these already shallow waters. Ironi- herbicide concentration cannot be maintained for cally, annual hydrilla management costs are esca- the appropriate 70-90 days. In order to adapt to lated and success jeopardized by the very uses that these evolving hydrilla control conditions, manag- hydrilla control is conducted to preserve. ers convened a series of workshops and summits during 2004 and 2005 to revise hydrilla manage- The most opportune time to control hydrilla is in ment strategies and identify additional research late winter through early spring. Hydrilla is ac- needs. Additionally, several new herbicide com- tively growing and most native plants are dormant pounds are being evaluated under USEPA regula- allowing for selective control using herbicides. tory criteria. Once hydrilla reaches the surface in the summer, growth slows requiring more herbicide and longer Hydrilla management in flood control exposure time. Water temperatures are cool and reservoirs hold more oxygen than in the summer allowing for There are no better examples of the many shared more of a buffer during hydrilla decomposition. 34 Rainfall chances and quantities are generally lower reservoirs to provide continuous flows to restored in the winter and spring than during the summer downstream marshes; however, these discharges tropical storm season that would flush out her- siphon off thousands of dollars of fluridone-treated bicide-treated waters. Sunlight that breaks down water each day of the 60-90 day treatment regimes. fluridone herbicide is less intense in the winter Thousands of pounds of herbicide must be added allowing for longer exposure time to hydrilla. Fi- to compensate for the loss of active ingredient. If nally, controlling hydrilla in the winter and spring the herbicide concentration falls below the thresh- prevents hydrilla from forming mats at the surface old hydrilla control level, then success of the entire that prevent or hamper the uses of the infested treatment is jeopardized. waters later in the summer. Plant, water, and fish and wildlife managers at- Several important functions within these waters tended a series of meetings during 2004 and 2005 combine to increase hydrilla control costs and to discuss the impacts of increasing difficulties lessen chances for management success. Lakes controlling hydrilla on the ability to supply water are held at their highest levels during the winter to and provide flood control in the large central Flor- store water for irrigation. Increased water levels ida reservoirs. These were steps toward amending in Lake Toho can triple the amount of herbicide current water schedules and developing windows needed as well as management costs to achieve the of opportunity that accommodate the uses within same level of control if the waters were at extreme the Kissimmee Chain and Lake Istokpoga as well low pool stage. For example, the cost to treat as the need for water level fluctuations for hydrilla 15,000 acres of hydrilla with fluridone herbicide at control and periodic drawdowns for habitat en- 49ft NGVD was about $2.5 million in 2004; about hancement. $9 million at the full pool winter stage of 55ft NGVD. Floating Islands (Tussocks) From 1998-2002, most of Florida parched under Fish spawning conditions are optimal at 55ft extreme drought conditions. Water levels receded NGVD by allowing bedding and fry survival in by five feet or more in lakes across Florida expos- the expanded littoral vegetation zone. Winter is ing thousands of acres of lake bottom to coloniza- the peak tourist use season and lower water levels tion by terrestrial vegetation. Transitional plants hamper access and navigation. Additionally, there like cattail encroached into contours previously too is concern that lowering lake levels too quickly deep to allow their growth. As many as 46 public may add too much fresh water in downstream waters were inaccessible during the peak of the estuaries. Enough water must be retained in the drought as boat ramps and access channels com- pletely dried.

Drenching rains returned and water levels recov- ered quickly in late 2002 and early 2003 to pre- drought conditions, cresting some lakes at record levels. Lake managers are familiar with floating islands or tussocks forming after periods of dry- ing and re-flooding. Funds are often held in re- serve to manage tussocks and floating islands that may form after extreme drawdowns. However, 19,000-acre containing more than 15,000 acres of fluridone-tolerant hydrilla presents the extent of the most recent drought (numbers of challenges to aquatic plant, fish and wildlife, and flood control managers The flood control and navigation struc- waters, area of exposed lake bottom, and duration tures are highlighted inside the circle above. of drying) combined with the rapid re-flooding (as 35 muck. These thick sediment islands must be shred- Most tussocks appear to be formed in one of three ded or harvested, although treating with herbicides ways. In some cases floating mats of plants like and burning vegetation first if possible facilitates frog’s bit, pennywort, and smartweed grow from their control. Costs can range from about $3,500/ shore across the surface of shallow waters. These acre for shredding to more than $10,000 per acre for vegetative mats break loose in wind or waves harvesting. Costs increase when the islands need to and float freely in the water body. In other cases, be hauled from the water body, loaded into trucks, emergent plants like cattail and pickerelweed and transported to dump sites. Trees need to be grow in soft, muddy substrates. When water levels seperated from the sediments and chipped or burned increase rapidly the plant’s spongy, buoyant tissues and the sediments spread at the disposal sites. pull them loose from the sediments. Small patches are broken up by wave action; however, some can Three major hurricanes crossed central Florida dur- cover hundreds of acres; for example cattail tus- ing 2004 with substantial floating tussock and island socks on Lakes Apopka and Hancock, and pickerel implications. In some cases, for example, Orange weed and frog’s bit tussocks on Orange Lake, and Lake, high water and winds deposited many of the must be controlled to keep them from drifting drifting pickerelweed tussocks deep into marshes into the outfall canals and flood control structures. and uplands where they will no longer pose threats Vegetative tussocks as in these two examples are to access or navigation. In others, for example, relatively easy and inexpensive to control with Lakes Pierce and Marion, increased water levels herbicides, usually at a cost of less than $200 per and hurricane winds broke loose floating islands of acre. peat 3-4 feet thick supporting trees more than 50 Floating islands form when terrestrial or emergent feet tall. These drifting juggernauts can break apart aquatic plants anchor tightly in exposed or shal- boat docks and boat houses, push against bridges, low sediments. When water levels increase, rather and clog flood control structures. than pulling from the sediments, the plants pull the top several inches or few feet of organic sediments Prior to 2002, one shredder and several harvest- with them. In some cases, the sediments them- ers worked occasionally in Florida public waters, selves are buoyant (for example, dried peat depos- primarily to keep established navigation channels its) and float to the surface along with overlying open. In FY 04-05, six shredders and more than a aquatic and terrestrial plants. Herbicides alone dozen harvesters were employed in floating island cannot control these floating islands. Killing the management - some working round-the-clock to vegetation does not sink the sediments and plants preserve or restrore flood control, navigation, recre- simply re-colonize the floating mat of peat or ation, and fish and wildlife habitat.

Barrier constructed across Lake Hancock outfall canal to prevent Part of nearly 100 acres of floating islands on Lake Pierce generated floating islands from clogging flood control structure by Hurricane Charley 36 Operations – Floating Plants

Water hyacinth and water lettuce are two of While floating plant acreage nearly the fastest growing plants in the world. This quadrupled in 2005, about 65% of this growth combined with their floating nature and ability occurred in just two systems; the St. Johns to coalesce almost overnight into large mats River and Lake Okeechobee. Contracts that interfere with human and environmental among federal, state, and local governments uses and functions in public waters have earned and several private companies are in place these floating plants the highest management to reduce floating plants during the winter of priority in Florida’s aquatic plant control 2005-2006 to regain maintenance control prior program. to the prime growing season of 2006.

Record low floating plant levels were achieved About 28,550 acres of floating plants were during the drought years of the late 1990s. treated in public waters in FY 04-05; Alternating drying and re-flooding stimulates • approximately 60% water hyacinth and water hyacinth and lettuce seed germination, 40% water lettuce, and as waters refilled during the early 2000s, • 2,200 fewer acres than in FY 03-04 floating plant populations soared from new • 6,000 more acres than the previous, growth and from plants that were flushed out five-year average. of marshes that were inaccessible during the drought. Managers spent about $2.8 million controlling floating plants during FY 04-05; No sooner was this growth reduced than • $0.5 million less than FY 03-04, another surge in the floating plant population • $0.1 million more than the previous occurred, associated with four major hurricanes five-year average, during 2004. Management crews pulled double • about 43% spent by the USACE on duty controlling floating plants as well as Lake Okeechobee and the St Johns responding to hurricane clean up. Private sector River and its tributaries. crews teamed up with government contractors in 2005; however, prolonged high winds 2005 inventories recorded 14,400 acres of and rain during the critical late spring, early floating plants - 11,460 more acres than 2004: summer reduced effective management time • found in 271 (60%) of public waters giving floating plants an advantage. inventoried, • floating plants are under maintenance control in 98% of Florida’s waters, 2005 Floating Plant Population Ranges • 8,302 acres of water hyacinth were re- (in acres) in Florida’s Public Waters ported in 248 water bodies, - 98% under maintenance control, - 224 water bodies contained less than 10 acres of water hyacinth, • 6,098 acres of water lettuce were re- ported in 158 water bodies, - 95% under maintenance control, - 127 water bodies contained less than 10 acres of water lettuce.

37 Operations – Hydrilla

Florida’s hydrilla control program focuses on Prolonged strong winds during the winter and eradicating or containing pioneer colonies, spring of 2005 combined with tannic runoff before they become large-scale maintenance from frequent rain events perpetuated poor projects, and reducing established populations conditions for hydrilla growth. The result is to sustain the various uses of public waters. the lowest statewide hydrilla standing crop Hydrilla has infested as many as 288 public recorded since the BIPM began conducting lakes and rivers. That number was reduced to annual inventories in 1982, and the lowest 194 in 2005; 27% of which covered 10 acres overall control effort needed since the late or less. Most of the hydrilla control budget is 1990s to achieve this low standing crop. spent on 20-25 waters; among them are some About 16,580 acres of hydrilla were treated in of the largest and most important in the state. public water bodies during FY 04-05; Hydrilla first appeared in the large lakes and • 10,700 fewer acres than in FY 03-04 reservoirs of central Florida during the late • about 6,800 fewer acres than the previ- 1970s, reaching peak abundance in the middle ous 5-year average 1990s. Increasing resistance to the lone large- Managers spent about $9.5 million treating scale hydrilla management tool available, hydrilla during FY 04-05; fluridone herbicide, resulted in escalating • about $5.9 million less than FY 03-04. management costs although the overall hy- • about $5.9 million less than the drilla population remained fairly stable from previous 5-year average year to year. 2005 inventories found 20,400 acres of hydril- Large-scale fluridone application in the spring la standing in 194 public water bodies: and summer of 2004 were moderately suc- • a 9,340 acre reduction from 2004, cessful in controlling and suppressing hydrilla - hydrilla infested 288 public in central Florida. However, three major hur- waters during the past 10 years, ricanes passed within a few 10s of miles of - therefore, tubers may be present most of these waters during August and Sep- in as many as 288 public waters, tember with wind and waves ripping much of - tubers cover an estimated 88.900 the remaining hydrilla standing crop up and acres of public water bodies, depositing it on the surrounding uplands. Tan- - tubers represent the potential for nic and turbid water, and in some cases algae immediate regrowth, blooms, limited light penetration, suppressing • hydrilla is under maintenance control hydrilla re-growth. in 99% of Florida’s public water bodies Wind and wave action from three major hurricanes ripped 2005 Hydrilla Population Ranges hydrilla loose in several lakes including Lake Toho below (in acres) in Florida’s Public Waters

Aerial fluridone herbicide application to Lake Toho, March, 2002 38 Operations – Other Plants

Prior to 1994, about $150,000-$350,000 were control priorities. spent annually managing plants other than water hyacinth, water lettuce, and hydrilla: While hurricane activity reduced the need for • funds were insufficient to control hydrilla control, floating tussock and island higher priority hydrilla problems, so control expenditures increased tremendously. • little was affordable for other invasive Other plant control costs exceeded hydrilla plants. management spending for the first time. $9.8 million were spent controlling 12,670 acres 2005 inventories found 17,593 acres of of other plants and floating islands in public other invasive plants present in 87% of Flor- waters in FY 04-05: ida’s public waters. With the exception of about 10,400 acres of torpedograss in Lake • 88% controlling floating islands and Okeechobee, most populations are small and tussocks, especially in Lakes Pierce, comingled with native plants making their Orange and Tsala Apopka detection and control difficult. • 6% to control 910 acres of native plants and other exotic plants for access and Alternating periods of severe drought fol- navigation. lowed by flooding, and the three major hur- • 6% for invasive plant control: ricanes that crossed peninsular Florida in 2004 - 4,405 acres of torpedograss created floating mats of vegetation, or tus- - 128 acres of West Indian marsh grass socks, and floating islands of peat and organic - 93 acres of wild taro deposits in many lakes. Drifting tussocks and - 24 acres of paragrass floating islands with potential for damag- ing flood control structures and bridges and blocking access and navigation are the highest

Clockwise from above: Shredder clearing blockage on Marion Creek, harvesters clearing last of 300 acres of floating islands that broke loose on Tood and Dodd Lakes, clamshell and barges employed to clear floating islands supporting trees on Lake Pierce.

39 FY 04-05 Management Statistics

Acres of Aquatic Plants Treated and Treatment Expenditures in Florida Public Waters During Fiscal Year 2004 - 2005 (Data represents compilation of all contractor activities within each water management district) Acres Trtd. Northwest Suwannee St. Johns Southwest S. Florida TOTAL Floating 1,050 345 7,429 2,704 17,022 28,550 Hydrilla 250 0 2,295 4,908 9,122 16,575 Other Plants 90 193 4,297 2,709 5,381 12,670 TOTAL 1,390 538 14,021 10,321 31,525 57,795 Expenditures Northwest Suwannee St. Johns Southwest S. Florida TOTAL Floating $ 103,359 $ 61,301 $ 761,908 $ 437,925 $ 1,447,778 $ 2,812,271 Hydrilla 265,839 0 1,364,431 2,505,094 5,801,778 9,937,142 Other Plants 4,541 25,309 2,446,509 4,783,003 2,497,394 9,756,756 TOTAL $ 373,739 $ 86,610 $ 4,572,848 $ 7,726,022 $ 9,746,950 $ 21,439,953

Federal, State and Local Funds Expended during Fiscal Year 2004 - 2005 Managing Aquatic Plants in Florida Public Water Bodies Government / Plant Intercounty Intracounty TOTAL Federal Floating Plants $ 1,215,728 0 $ 1,215,728 Hydrilla 0 0 0 Other Plants 38,416 0 38,416 Subtotal $ 1,215,728 0 $ 1,254,144 State Floating Plants $ 1,432,734 $ 81,905 $ 1,514,639 Hydrilla 8,877,415 529,864 9,407,279 Other Plants 9,480,656 118,842 9,599,498 Subtotal $ 19,790,805 $ 730,611 $ 20,521,416 Local Floating Plants 0 $ 81,905 $ 81,905 Hydrilla 0 529,864 529,864 Other Plants 0 118,842 118,842 Subtotal 0 $ 730,611 $ 730,611 TOTAL Floating Plants $ 2,648,462 $ 163,810 $ 2,812,272 Hydrilla 8,877,415 1,059,728 9,937,143 Other Plants 9,519,072 237,684 9,756,756 GRAND TOTAL $ 21,044,949 $ 1,461,222 $ 22,506,171

40 Funding Needs

The following table lists acres of aquatic plants public waters posing threats to and floating islands inventoried during 2005 in navigation, access, bridges, and Florida’s 1.28 million acres of public lakes and flood control structures, rivers. The table also includes acres of plants • control new infestations of other treated and associated costs for FY 04-05 invasive plants, along with estimated acres of plants needing • increase control of other estab- control in FY 05-06 and respective cost alloca- lished invasive plant populations. tions from the FY 05-06 Legislative Spending Authority for this control. In addition to the FY In addition to the aquatic plant control allo- 05-06 hydrilla allocation, the BIPM has about cation, the BIPM allocated $1.9 million for $6.7 million of fluridone herbicide in inventory research, monitoring, and education related to that was purchased during the two previous improving aquatic plant management. Included years but not applied due to hurricane effects are: 30 research projects, mostly related to including high water and flows and continu- biological and herbicide control of invasive ing hydrilla suppression from tannic and turbid plants; two monitoring projects to estimate waters. water and plant volumes in hydrilla-infested lakes and to evaluate economic sectors at risk The FY 04-05 fund allows managers to: associated with hydrilla infestations; and four • restore floating plant maintenance, education and outreach projects to increase • sustain hydrilla maintenance, managers’ and public understanding of inva- • control tussocks and floating sive plant problems, the needs for control, and islands that are freely drifting in control strategies. 2005 FY 04-05 FY 04-05 FY 05-06 FY 05-06 Plant Acres Acres Dollars Acres Dollars Present Treated Spent Estimated Allocated Hydrilla *88,900 16,575 $ 9,937,412 22,992 $ 13,178,014 Floating plants 14,399 28,549 2,812,231 18,274 3,037,633 Torpedograss 10,411 4,405 510,417 6,000 1,063,660 Wild taro 596 93 11,951 97 17,620 Paragrass 1,597 24 2,787 43 43,985 Hygrophila 144 0 0 20 16,750 West Indian marsh grass 359 128 26,734 177 20,430 Napiergrass 384 0 0 0 0 Aquatic nightshade 6 38 0 60 10,000 Water spinach 0 0.2 0 1 20 Giant salvinia 0 0 0 0 0 Other plants **222,703 910 605,606 6,859 2,076,225 Floating tussocks and islands 4,500 7,109 8,599,261 6,775 8,198,357 Total Estimate 335,346 57,793 $ 22,506,171 55,879 $ 27,662,694

* estimated area impacted by hydrilla tubers; **2003 record, Other Plants not quantified in 2005 41 APPENDIX I Aquatic Plant Operations in Florida Public Waters for FY 04-05 and Projected Aquatic Plant Management Needs for FY 04-05 APPENDIX I –Key

Aquatic Plant Management Operations in Florida Public Waters for FY 04-05

and Projected Aquatic Plant Management Needs for FY 05-06

Water Body Name of public lake or river

Water Acres Acres of public lake or river

County County in which the water body lies (Note: many water bodies lie in more than one county, for example: the St. Johns River lies in 11 counties, but for convenience has been assigned to St. Johns County)

Contractor Agency or company that conducts aquatic plant management Brevard Brevard County Citrus Citrus County FWC Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Highlands Highlands County Hillsborough Hillsborough County Lake Lake County Orange Orange County Palm Beach Palm Beach County Polk Polk County Private Private companies supervised by FDEP SFWMD South Florida Water Management District SJRWMD St. Johns River Water Management District SWFWMD Southwest Florida Water Management District USACE US Army Corps of Engineers Volusia Volusia County

WMD Water Management District in which the water body lies

Plant Type Floating Plants = water hyacinth and/or water lettuce R = revegetation under contract with FWC

FY 04-05 Acres Treated Acres of plants managed during fiscal year 04-05

FY 04-05 Dollars Spent Dollars spent managing plants during fiscal year 04-05

FY 05-06 Acres Ctrl Acres of plants permitted for control during fiscal year 05-06 under Allocated DEP’s Cooperative Program

FY 05-06 Contractor Dollars allocated to manage plants during fiscal year 05-06 Dollars Allocated FY04-05 FY 05-06 FY 05-06 Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Adalaide, Lake 96Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700 Adalaide, Lake 96Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1.0 $277.46 1 95 Agnes, Lake* 386Polk polk SW Floating Plants 5.3 $603.16 5 750

Alafia River 371Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattail 1 291 371Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 56.0 $14,819.17 3 1035 Alfred, Lake* 736Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.3 $143.61 20 3000

Alfred, Lake* 736Polk polk SW Hydrilla 2 1000

Alligator Lake 3406FWC Osceola SF Bulrush R 2800 Alligator Lake 3406SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 14.0 $988.42 20 2800

Alligator Lake 3406SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 10 7000

Alligator Lake 3406SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 5 750

Alligator Lake* 338DEP SR Columbia SR Floating Plants 70 7000 Alligator Lake* 338DEP SR Columbia SR H/coontail 111.5 $7,806.33 40 26000 Alligator Lake* 338DEP SR Columbia SR Pennyw/frogs 49.1 $3,437.59 30 6000

Alligator Lake* 338DEP SR Columbia SR Taro 1 200

Alligator Lake* 338DEP SR Columbia SR Willows 5 1000

Alligator Lake* 338DEP SR Columbia SR Woody Plants 2 2000 Alto, Lake 540DEP SR Alachua SR Floating Plants 7.0 $959.09 10 1000

Alto, Lake 540DEP SR Alachua SR Hydrilla 0.1 65

Alto, Lake 540DEP SR Alachua SR salvinia 1 200

Anclote River 200SWFWMD Pasco SW Floating Plants 11 2200

Annie, Lake* 539Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Annie, Lake* 539Polk polk SW Hydrilla 2.0 $817.82 5 2500 Apopka, Lake 30671SJWMD Orange SJ Cattail 2.8 $1,427.07 100 15000 Apopka, Lake 30671SJWMD Orange SJ Floating Plants 53.0 $11,654.03 25 2000 Apopka, Lake 30671SJWMD Orange SJ Hydrilla 58.8 $18,981.13 75 45000

Apopka, Lake 30671SJWMD Orange SJ Tussocks 37.5 $19,460.01

Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ Cattail 3.5 350 Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 31.0 $4,391.26 35 3500

Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350 Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ Paragras 1.0 $122.60 3 420

Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 1.5 $183.90

Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ salvinia 1.0 $122.60 Apopka-Beauclair C 49Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1.0 $122.60 1 140

Apthorpe, Lake 219Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Apthorpe, Lake 219Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95

Apthorpe, Lake 219Highlands Highlands SW Torpedograss 1 85 Arbuckle Creek 120Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 245.0 $21,706.79 300 28500 Arbuckle Creek 120Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1.0 $1,863.00 1 700 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Arbuckle Creek 120Highlands Highlands SW Pennywort 15 1425

Arbuckle Creek 120Highlands Highlands SW snag trees 5000 Arbuckle Creek 120Highlands Highlands SW W.I.Marsh 51.0 $14,150.26 100 8500

Arbuckle, Lake 3828FWC polk SF Bulrush R 2800

Arbuckle, Lake 3828FWC polk SF Nuphar 20 1600

Arbuckle, Lake 3828FWC polk SF Torpedograss 5 400

Arbuckle, Lake 3828FWC polk SF W.I.Marsh 5 400 Arbuckle, Lake 3828Polk polk SF Floating Plants 82.0 $9,420.73 300 45000

Arbuckle, Lake 3828Polk polk SF Hydrilla 20 10000

Ariana, Lake 1026Polk polk SW Floating Plants 5 750 Ariana, Lake 1026Polk polk SW Hydrilla 19.5 $7,973.74 25 12500

Ashby, Lake 1030FWC Volusia SJ Bulrush R 10000

Ashby, Lake 1030FWC Volusia SJ Cattail 20 4000

Ashby, Lake 1030FWC Volusia SJ Grasses 10000

Ashby, Lake 1030Volusia Volusia SJ Alligatorweed 6 720

Ashby, Lake 1030Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 18 500

Ashby, Lake 1030Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 0.5 500

Ashby, Lake 1030Volusia Volusia SJ Parrotsfeather 6 720

Baker Creek 20Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 12 4140

Baldwin, Lake 194FWC Orange SJ Taro 1.5 350

Baldwin, Lake 194FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 13 2700 Banana Lake 342Polk polk SW Floating Plants 27.5 $3,159.39 50 7500

Banana Lake 342Polk polk SW Hydrilla 25 12500

Barton canal 10Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 10 1130

Barton canal 10Brevard Brevard SJ Peppers 1 112

Beauclair, Lake 1111FWC Lake SJ Cattail 10 1500

Beauclair, Lake 1111Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Beauclair, Lake 1111Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 6.5 $920.75 20 2400

Beauclair, Lake Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 3.6 $2,316.45

Blanche, Lake* 121Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 1 86 Blanche, Lake* 121Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 59.8 $51,758.24 12 10800 6555SJWMD SJ Floating Plants 133.0 $29,245.02 100 5500

Blue Cypress Lake 6555SJWMD Indian River SJ Hydrilla 1 600

Blue Cypress Lake 6555SJWMD Indian River SJ W.I.Marsh 1 30

Blue Lake 118Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Blue Lake 118Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 1000 Blue Lake* 55Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 4.9 $336.47 9 2000

Blue Lake* 55Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 12 7000

Blue Lake* 55Volusia Volusia SJ Parrotsfeather 4 480 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Boggy Creek DEP SJRN Nassau SJ pennywort 14.0 $144.70 Bonnet, Lake 260Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2.0 $177.20 2 190 Bonnet, Lake 260Highlands Highlands SW Nuphar 1.1 $305.20 3 255 Bonnet, Lake 260Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1.0 $277.46 1 95 Bonny, Lake 354Polk polk SW Floating Plants 13.0 $1,493.53 5 750 Bonny, Lake 354Polk polk SW Hydrilla 109.0 $44,571.14 20 10000

Bourbeau Park 1.5Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 3 522

Braden River 220SWFWMD Manatee SW Coontail 5 2500 220SWFWMD Manatee SW Floating Plants 88.0 $17,342.46 100 20000

Braden River 220SWFWMD Manatee SW Hydrilla 10 8000

Braden River 220SWFWMD Manatee SW I. fistulosa 2 400 Braden River 220SWFWMD Manatee SW Paspalum 2.9 $1,133.54 2 400 Braden River 220SWFWMD Manatee SW W.I.Marsh 2.9 $1,133.54 2 400

Brandy Branch DEP SJRN Nassau SJ Taro 0.3 $2.58

Brick Lake 616SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 5 700

Bryant, Lake 767Dep-SJN Marion SJ Floating Plants 5 500

Bryant, Lake 767Dep-SJN Marion SJ Hydrilla 0.3

Buckeye Lake 71Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Buffum, Lake* 1543Polk polk SW Floating Plants 32.2 $3,705.11 25 3750

Buffum, Lake* 1543Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1 500

Bugg Springs 7Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 5 500 Bugg Springs 7Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 4.5 $637.44 16 2200 Bugg Springs 7Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 7.2 $4,639.36 5 3500 Bugg Springs 7Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 5.0 $613.01 5 500 Bulow Creek 4334DEP SJRS Flagler SJ Floating Plants 17.4 $2,160.54 40 5000

Bulow Creek 4334DEP SJRS Flagler SJ Hydrilla 0.5 300 Butler, Lake* 420DEP SR Union SR Floating Plants 5.0 $685.07 4 400

Butler, Lake* 420DEP SR Union SR Hydrilla 0.1 65

Butler, Lake* 420DEP SR Union SR Tallow 2 400 Butler, Lake* 420DEP SR Union SR Torpedograss 8.0 $560.01 6 1200

Butler, Lake* 1665Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 3 258 Butler, Lake* 1665Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 0.8 $649.14 166 149400 C-35 Toho-Cypress 81SFWMD Osceola SF Cattail 3.0 $347.54 2 300

C-35 Toho-Cypress 81SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 15 2100

C-36 Cyprs-Hatch 40SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 10 1400 C-37 Hatch-Kiss 71SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 6.0 $423.61 10 1400

C-37 Hatch-Kiss 71SFWMD Osceola SF Grasses 3 450

C-37 Hatch-Kiss 71SFWMD Osceola SF Smartweed 2 300

Cannon Lake 336Polk polk SW Floating Plants 3 450 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Cannon Lake 336Polk polk SW Hydrilla 167.8 $68,615.02 130 15000

Carlton, Lake 383FWC Orange SJ Bulrush R 10000

Carlton, Lake 382FWC Orange SJ Cattail 10 1500

Carlton, Lake 382Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Carlton, Lake 382Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1.0 $141.65 3 300 Carr Lake(*) 400DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 9.5 $689.61 10 1000

Carr Lake(*) 400DEP NW Leon NW Hydrilla 5 5000 Carrie, Lake 65Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 0.5 $44.30 2 190 Carrie, Lake 65Highlands Highlands SW Taro 1.5 $416.18 2 190

Carter Road Park 150Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 20 0

Carter Road Park 150Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 2 0

Catfish Crk & canals 30Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 4 380 Catfish Crk & canals 30Highlands Highlands SW Nuphar 3.9 $1,068.21 4 340

Center, Lake 410FWC Osceola SF Bulrush R 2800

Center, Lake 410FWC Osceola SF Cupscalegrass 3 240

Center, Lake 410FWC Osceola SF Paragras 5 400 Center, Lake 410SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 5.0 $353.01 20 2800

Center, Lake 410SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 5 750

Chase, Lake* 135Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 3 258 Chase, Lake* 135Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 0.2 $173.10 13.5 12150 1000Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 5.0 $1,481.10 10 3250

Chassahowitzka River 1000Citrus Citrus SW Giant Reed 1 150

Chassahowitzka River 1000Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 4875

Chassahowitzka River 1000Citrus Citrus SW Lyng/filam 1 5900 Cherry, Lake 396Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 $70.83 20 200

Cherry, Lake 396Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700

Cherry, Lake 396Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 10 1000 Clark Lake 320Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 1.0 $81.32 1 218

Clark Lake 320Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 2 380 Clark Lake 33Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 8.0 $1,748.30 10 2650 Clark Lake 33Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 32.6 $19,672.94 40 41350

Clay Lake 467Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Clay Lake 467Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 15.0 $27,944.96 15 10500

Clay Lake 467Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95 Clinch, Lake* 1207Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.5 $172.33 3 450 Colby, Lake* 103Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 4.3 $291.83 8 1440 Conine, Lake 236Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2.5 $287.22 5 750 Conine, Lake 236Polk polk SW Hydrilla 118.6 $48,480.31 125 15000

Conway, Lake 1767FWC Orange SF Bulrush R 5000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Conway, Lake 1767FWC Orange SF Cattail 3 1000

Conway, Lake 1767FWC Orange SF Knotgrass R 5000

Conway, Lake 1767FWC Orange SF Primrose 1 500

Conway, Lake 1767FWC Orange SF Taro 1 500

Conway, Lake 1767FWC Orange SF Torpedograss 15 4500

Conway, Lake 1767Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 15 1290

Conway, Lake 1767Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 20 18000 Cook, Lake 20Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 $70.83 6 600

Cook, Lake 20Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700

Cook, Lake 20Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 3 300

Coon Lake 148FWC Osceola SF Bulrush R 2800

Coon Lake 148FWC Osceola SF Cupscalegrass 3 240

Coon Lake 148FWC Osceola SF Paragras 5 400 Coon Lake 148SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 7.0 $494.21 15 2100

Coon Lake 410SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 2200

Coon Lake 148SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 10 1500 143Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2.8 $389.55 5 500

Crescent Lake 143Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 5 3500 Crooked Lake* 5538Polk polk SW Floating Plants 188.0 $21,598.76 100 15000

Crooked Lake* 5538Polk polk SW Hydrilla 2 1000 1650Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 10.0 $2,962.20 25 7125

Crystal River 1650Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 4875 Crystal River 1650Citrus Citrus SW Lyng/filam 122.8 $302,585.57 70 413000 Crystal River 1650Citrus Citrus SW Millfoil 11.9 $29,389.44 100 40000

Crystal, Lake 32Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Cypress Lake 4097FWC Osceola SF Cattail 20 1600 Cypress Lake 4097FWC Osceola SF Floating Plants 375.0 $26,475.63 300 42000

Cypress Lake 4097FWC Osceola SF Pickerelweed 20 1600

Cypress Lake 4097FWC Osceola SF Tussock 12 60000 Cypress Lake 4097SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1924.0 $1,313,582.16 400 440000 Daisy,Lake * 133Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.5 $57.44 2 300

Daisy,Lake * 133Polk polk SW Hydrilla 2 1000

Dal Housie, Lake 243Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50 Damon, Lake* 300Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2.0 $177.20 3 285

Damon, Lake* 300Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700 Damon, Lake* 300Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1.0 $277.46 1 95

David, Lake 49Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50

David, Lake 49Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350

Dead Lakes 3655Dep-NW Gulf NW Floating Plants 10 1000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Dead River 148Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 1 100

Dead River 148Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Dead River 148Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 8.7 $1,235.22 10 1000 Dead River 148Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 12.6 $8,123.71 7 4900

Dead River Lake Lake SJ landoltia 5.4 $659.60

Dead River 148Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 3 300

Deaton, Lake 778SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 3 1800 Deer Lake* 125Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.5 $57.44 2 300 Deer Lake* 125Polk polk SW Hydrilla 75.0 $30,668.21 25 12500

Deeson,Lake * 117Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Deeson,Lake * 117Polk polk SW Hydrilla 7.3 $2,964.59 5 2500

Delancy, Lake 342Dep-SJN Marion SJ Floating Plants 5 500

Delancy, Lake 342Dep-SJN Marion SJ Hydrilla 7 250 Denham, Lake 269Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.3 $35.41 12 1400

Denham, Lake 269Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 5 500

Dias, Lake 711Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 8 1600

Dias, Lake 711Volusia Volusia SJ Torpedograss 6 870

Dinner Lake 379Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 190

Dinner Lake 379Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700 Disston, Lake 1884DEP SJRS Flagler SJ Floating Plants 6.7 $871.70 20 2500

Disston, Lake 1884DEP SJRS Flagler SJ Torpedograss 2 400

Dora Canal 10Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 1 100 Dora Canal 10Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 3.7 $521.29 5 500 Dora Canal 10Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 3.1 $2,026.09 3 2100

Dora Canal 10Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 2 200

Dora, Lake 4475FWC Lake SJ Bulrush R 15000

Dora, Lake 4475FWC Lake SJ Cattail 20 2500

Dora, Lake 4475FWC Lake SJ Grasses R 15000

Dora, Lake 4475Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Dora, Lake 4475Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1.9 $266.31 5 500 Dora, Lake 4475Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.4 $225.84 1 700 Dorr, Lake* 1533FWC Lake SJ cat/prim/cub/tgrs/tus 7.0 $11,045.63 10 1500

Dorr, Lake* 1533Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 5 500 Dorr, Lake* 1533Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.0 $0.00 0.5 350

Dorr, Lake* Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 0.3 $30.65

Down, Lake* 872FWC Orange SF Bulrush R 2500

Down, Lake* 872FWC Orange SF Eleocharis R 1900

Down, Lake* 872Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 2 172 Down, Lake* 872Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 12.0 $10,386.27 87 78300 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Eagle Lake* 651FWC polk SW Bacopa R 3000 Eagle Lake* 651Polk polk SW Floating Plants 3.0 $344.66 5 750

Eagle Lake* 651Polk polk SW Hydrilla 3 1500

East Lk Toho. 11969FWC Osceola SF Bulrush 2 160

East Lk Toho. 11968FWC Osceola SF Cattail 25 2000 East Lk Toho. 12546SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 95.0 $6,707.16 400 56000

East Lk Toho. 12546SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 300 13500

East Lk Toho. 12546SFWMD Osceola SF Hygrophila 15 10500

East Lk Toho. 12546SFWMD Osceola SF Limnophila 50 35000

East Lk Toho. SFWMD Osceola SF tussock 8.0 $926.77 Eaton, Lake 307DEP SJRN Marion SJ Floating Plants 29.0 $778.18 34 4250

Eaton, Lake 307DEP SJRN Marion SJ Hydrilla 5 2500

Eaton, Lake 307FWC Marion SJ Cattail 10 3000

Eaton, Lake 310FWC Marion SJ Frogsbit 20 6000

Eaton, Lake 309FWC Marion SJ Pennywort 20 6000

Eaton, Lake 308FWC Marion SJ Torpedograss 2 500

Echo,Lake * 69Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Echo,Lake * Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1.0 $408.91

Econfina River 270Dep-SR Taylor SR Taro 0.1 20

Econlockhatchee R. 120SJRWMD SJ Floating Plants 3 165 Egret Island Borrow Pit DEP SJRS Orange SJ Floating Plants 1.3 $169.14

Elbert, Lake* 173Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Elbert, Lake* 173Polk polk SW Hydrilla 58.9 $24,084.77 10 5000 Elbow Creek 5Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 0.5 $60.87 1 170

Elbow Creek 5Brevard Brevard SJ Scirpus 1 170

Ella, Lake 467Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50 Ella, Lake 467Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1.9 $1,219.52 5 3500 Eloise, Lake 1160Polk polk SW Floating Plants 4.0 $459.55 10 1500 Eloise, Lake 1160Polk polk SW Hydrilla 43.5 $17,787.56 5 2500

Emma, Lake 175Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 4 480

Emma, Lake 175Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 2 1400

Emma, Lake 175Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 5 500

Eustis, Lake DEP SJRS Lake SJ Hydrilla 80.5 $2,522.28 Eustis, Lake 7806Lake Lake SJ Cattail 0.0 $0.00 1 100 Eustis, Lake 7806Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 12.3 $1,746.59 18 2400 Eustis, Lake 7806Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 535.8 $345,751.42 425 297500

Eustis, Lake Lake Lake SJ landoltia 10.8 $1,317.97

Eustis, Lake Lake Lake SJ salvinia 3.0 $367.80

Eva Lake 173Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Cattail 2 1000

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Eleocharis R 10000

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Knotgrass R 5000

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Maidencane R 5000

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Primrose 1 500

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Taro 1 500

Fairview, Lake* 401FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 15 4500

Fairview, Lake* 401Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 2 172 Fairview, Lake* 401Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 203.0 $175,701.05 60 54000 Fannie, Lake 829Polk polk SW Floating Plants 33.5 $3,848.71 125 18750 Fannie, Lake 829Polk polk SW Hydrilla 269.3 $110,119.33 30 15000

Fish Lake 29Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 1 86

Fish Lake 29Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 3 2700

Fish Lake 221SFWMD Osceola SF Cattail 1 150

Fish Lake 221SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 10 1400

Fish Lake 221SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1 1100

Fish Lake 221SFWMD Osceola SF Paragras 1 150

Fish Lake 221SFWMD Osceola SF Pickerelweed 1 150

Florence Canal &Lake 4Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 20 3000 Fox Lake 165Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 8.5 $691.23 10 1150 Fox Lake 165Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 19.2 $2,343.49 20 3000

Fox Lake 165Brevard Brevard SJ Hydrilla 1 365

Francis, Lake 26Dep-SR Madison SR Floating Plants 1 100

Francis, Lake 539Highlands Highlands SW Cattail 0.5 42.5

Francis, Lake 539Highlands Highlands SW D. papyrus 2 190

Francis, Lake 539Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 190

Francis, Lake 539Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Francis, Lake 539Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95 Ft. Meade Pits* 28Polk polk SW Floating Plants 5.0 $574.43 3 450

Ft. Meade Pits* 28Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1 500 Gant, Lake&Canal 150SWFWMD Sumter SW Cat/nuphar 15.3 $6,085.32 12 2150 Gant, Lake&Canal 150SWFWMD Sumter SW Floating Plants 14.0 $2,759.03 30 6000 Gant, Lake&Canal 150SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 0.3 $89.03 3 1000 Garfield, Lake 655Polk polk SW Floating Plants 4.0 $459.55 50 7500 Garfield, Lake 655Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1.5 $613.36 1 500

Gatlin, Lake 63FWC Orange SF Cattail 1 500

Gatlin, Lake 63FWC Orange SF Torpedograss 5 1500 Gator, Lake* 114Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.0 $114.89 5 750

Gemini Springs 20Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 5 800 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Gemini Springs 20Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 3 3000 Gentry, Lake 1791SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 5.0 $353.01 20 2800

Gentry, Lake 1791SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 30 21000 Gentry, Lake 1791SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 8.0 $926.77 10 1500 Georges Lake 816DEP SJRN Putnam SJ Floating Plants 9.0 $241.50 5 500

Georges Lake 816DEP SJRN Putnam SJ Taro 0.1 20 Gibson, Lake 474Polk polk SW Floating Plants 22.0 $2,527.51 50 7500

Gibson, Lake 474Polk polk SW Hydrilla 10 5000

Gleason Lake* 124Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 2 360 Gleason Lake* 124Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 0.8 $334.82 40 40000 Glenada, Lake 150Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1.0 $88.60 3 285 Glenada, Lake 150Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 6.0 $11,177.99 4 2800

Grady, Lake 172Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 55 18973

Grady, Lake 173Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Pennywort 2 690

Grady, Lake 174Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Primrose 2 582

Grasshopper Lake 213Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50

Grasshopper Lake 213Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350

Green canal 6Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 1 100

Green canal 6Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 20 2200

Griffin Lake DEP SJRS Lake SJ Hydrilla 149.2 $4,673.31

Griffin Lake 9281FWC Lake SJ Bulrush R 5000

Griffin Lake 9281FWC Lake SJ Cattail 10 1500

Griffin Lake 9281FWC Lake SJ Grasses 5000

Griffin, Lake 16505Lake Lake SJ Cattail 2 200 Griffin, Lake 16505Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 87.4 $12,377.70 90 11400 Griffin, Lake 16505Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 333.0 $214,888.02 350 245000

Griffin, Lake Lake Lake SJ landoltia 12.8 $1,563.17

Griffin, Lake Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 2.0 $245.20

Griffin, Lake Lake Lake SJ salvinia 2.0 $245.20 Griffin, Lake 16505Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 4.0 $490.41 2 280

Griffin, Lake SJWMD Lake SJ Hydrilla 82.5 $26,654.36

Guano Lake DEP SJRS St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 16.9 $2,198.76

Guano River WMA 1801Dep-SJN St. Johns SJ Cattail 12 1320

Guano River WMA 1800Dep-SJN St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 60 7500

Haines Creek 780Lake Lake SJ Cattail 0.5 50 Haines Creek 780Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2.7 $388.13 23 2900 Haines Creek 780Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 15.1 $9,743.29 20 14000 Haines, Lake 716Polk polk SW Floating Plants 11.8 $1,349.92 10 1500 Haines, Lake 716Polk polk SW Hydrilla 57.5 $23,512.30 550 35000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Half Moon, Lk 340Dep-SJN Marion SJ Floating Plants 2 200

Half Moon, Lk 340Dep-SJN Marion SJ Hydrilla 0.1

Hall, Lake 172Dep-NW Leon NW Floating Plants 10 1000

Hall, Lake 172Dep-NW Leon NW Hydrilla 0.5

Halls River 100Citrus Citrus SW Cattail 1 350

Halls River 100Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 10 2750

Halls River 100Citrus Citrus SW Giant Reed 5 1750

Halls River 100Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 5 4875

Halls River 100Citrus Citrus SW Lyngbya 1 5900 Hamilton, Lake 2126Polk polk SW Floating Plants 23.5 $2,699.84 150 22500 Hamilton, Lake 2126Polk polk SW Hydrilla 7.0 $2,862.37 5 2500

Hancock, Lake A&L Polk SW Tussocks 198.8 $174,458.93 Hancock, Lake 4519Polk polk SW Floating Plants 5.0 $574.43 100 15000

Hancock, Lake 4519Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1 500

Hancock, Lake Polk polk SW Tussocks 253.0 $286,234.40 Hancock, Lake 4000SWFWMD Polk SW Tussocks 37.7 $15,002.50 50 12500

Hardee Pitts FMA FWC Hardee SW Hydrilla 10

Harris, Lake 13788Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Harris, Lake 13788Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 22.4 $3,177.29 25 2900 Harris, Lake 13788Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 271.4 $175,147.00 300 210000

Harris, Lake 13788Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 2 280 Hart, Lake 1850SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 5.0 $353.01 20 2800

Hart, Lake 1850SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1 700

Hart, Lake 1850SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 5 750 Hartridge, Lake 434Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.0 $114.89 3 450 Hartridge, Lake 434Polk polk SW Hydrilla 16.9 $6,902.39 15 7500 Hatchineha Canals 100Polk polk SW Floating Plants 20.0 $2,297.74 25 3750

Hatchineha Canals 100Polk polk SW Hydrilla 5 2500

Hatchineha, Lake 6665FWC Osceola SF Cattail 60 4800 Hatchineha, Lake 6665SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 938.0 $66,224.37 500 70000

Hatchineha, Lake 6665SFWMD Osceola SF Frogsbit 15 2250 Hatchineha, Lake 6665SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 100.0 $68,273.50 400 280000

Hatchineha, Lake 6665SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 5 750

Hatchineha, Lake 6665SFWMD Osceola SF Scleria lacustris 25 3750

Helen, Lake 25Volusia Volusia SJ Alligatorweed 3 450

Helen, Lake 25Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 0.5 250 Helena Run 38Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 13.4 $1,893.91 19 2500 Helena Run 38Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 16.1 $10,407.90 15 10500

Helena Run Lake Lake SJ landoltia 3.0 $367.80 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Hellen-Blazes, Lake 381SJRWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 40 2200

Hellen-Blazes, Lake 381SJRWMD Brevard SJ Frogsbit 1 55

Henry, Lake 64Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95

Henry, Lake 64Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Henry, Lake 64Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95

Hiawatha, Lake 48Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Hiawatha, Lake 48Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.3 $35.41 35 3900

Hiawatha, Lake 48Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 2 1400

Hiawatha, Lake Lake Lake SJ salvinia 0.5 $61.30

Hiawatha, Lake Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 0.5 $61.30 Hillsborough River 443Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 74.5 $19,701.56 117 34409

Hillsborough River 443Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Hydrilla 1 843

Hillsborough River 443Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Paspalum 5 1454 Hillsborough River 443Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Pennywort 1.5 $1,240.79 5 1454

Hillsborough River 443Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Primrose 5 1454 Holden’s Pond 80DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Floating Plants 5.0 $134.17 15 1500

Holden’s Pond 80DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Hydrilla 0.1 70

Holden’s Pond 80DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Taro 0.5 100

Holden’s Pond 80DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Torpedograss 0.5 100

Hollingsworth, Lake 356Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Hollingsworth, Lake 356Polk polk SW Hydrilla 39.6 $16,205.08 50 25000

Holly Lake 98Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50

Holly Lake 98Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700

Holly, Lake 98FWC Lake SJ Cattail 9 4000

Holly, Lake 99FWC Lake SJ Torpedograss 2 1000

Homestead Cnl 11Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 110

Homosassa River 800Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 15 4375

Homosassa River 800Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 3 2925 Homosassa River 800Citrus Citrus SW Lyngbya 3.4 $8,326.60 15 88500

Homosassa River 800Citrus Citrus SW Milfoil 50 20000

Homosassa River 800Citrus Citrus SW Water Spinach 1 350 Howard, Lake 628Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.3 $28.72 3 450 Howard, Lake 628Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1.0 $408.91 50 25000

Hunter, Lake* 100Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Hunter, Lake* 100Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 500 Hunter, Lake* 302SWFWMD Polk SW Hydrilla 9.8 $2,643.85 15 7000

Hunter, Lake* 302SWFWMD Polk SW Nuphar 2 400

Huntley, Lake 680FWC Highlands SW Cattail 3 240

Huntley, Lake 681FWC Highlands SW Eelgrass 4400 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Huntley, Lake 500Highlands Highlands SW Cattail 0.5 42.5

Huntley, Lake 500Highlands Highlands SW D. papyrus 4 380 Huntley, Lake 500Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 4.0 $354.40 5 475

Huntley, Lake 500Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700 Huntley, Lake 500Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 2.0 $554.91 2 190

Hurrah, Lake 16Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 9 3105 Hurricane Lake 318DEP NW Okaloosa NW Naiad 85.0 $4,062.79 50 7500 Iamonia, Lake 5757DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 435.8 $31,631.53 50 5000

Iamonia, Lake 5757DEP NW Leon NW Frogsbit 20 3000

Iamonia, Lake 5757DEP NW Leon NW Hydrilla 1

Iamonia, Lake 5757DEP NW Leon NW Nymph/cab 126 25000

Iamonia, Lake 5757DEP NW Leon NW Scirpus 25 2500

Ichetucknee River 100Dep-SR Columbia SR Floating Plants 5 625

Ida, Lake 159Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Alligatorweed 2 1260 Ida, Lake 159Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 13.0 $2,840.99 15 3710 Ida, Lake 159Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 68.0 $41,010.41 20 16300 Idylwild, Lake 102Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.5 $57.44 2 300 Idylwild, Lake 102Polk polk SW Hydrilla 71.2 $29,098.00 50 7000

Isabell, Lake 95Highlands Highlands SW Cattail 1 85

Isabell, Lake 95Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 5 425

Isabell, Lake 95Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95

Isleworth, Lake* 56Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 1 86 Isleworth, Lake* 56Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 0.4 $346.21 6 5400

Istokpoga, Lake 27692FWC Highlands SF Cattail 104 7109

Istokpoga, Lake FWC Highlands SF Hydrilla 722.2 $30,587.29

Istokpoga, Lake 27692FWC Highlands SF Pickerelweed 200 13673

Istokpoga, Lake 27692FWC Highlands SF Primrose 104 7109

Istokpoga, Lake 27692FWC Highlands SF Scirpus 104 7109 Istokpoga, Lake 27692FWC Highlands SF Tussock 238.9 $376,971.66 43 215000

Istokpoga, Lake 27692Highlands Highlands SF Cattail 5 425 Istokpoga, Lake 27692Highlands Highlands SF Floating Plants 1507.5 $133,563.18 2000 190000 Istokpoga, Lake 27692Highlands Highlands SF Hydrilla 40.0 $74,519.90 700 490000 Istokpoga, Lake 27692Highlands Highlands SF Nuphar 2.1 $582.66 5 425 Istokpoga, Lake 27692Highlands Highlands SF Taro 10.0 $2,774.56 15 1425

Jacks Creek 5Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95 Jackson Creek 50Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2.0 $177.20 10 950 Jackson Creek 50Highlands Highlands SW Nuphar 6.6 $1,831.21 10 850

Jackson, Lake 3412FWC Highlands SW Maidencane R 2800

Jackson, Lake 1020FWC Osceola SF Scirpus 10 800 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Jackson, Lake 1020FWC Osceola SF Smartweed 70 5600

Jackson, Lake 3400Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 5 475 Jackson, Lake 3400Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1.0 $1,863.00 1 700

Jackson, Lake 3400Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 3 285 Jackson, Lake 1020SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 57.0 $4,024.30 200 28000

Jackson, Lake 1020SFWMD Osceola SF Frogsbit 10 1500

Jackson, Lake 1020SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 500 30000

Jackson, Lake 1020SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 5 750

Jackson, Lake 1020SFWMD Osceola SF Smartweed 10 1500 Jackson, Lake* 4000DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 20.0 $1,451.82 20 2000 Jackson, Lake* 4000DEP NW Leon NW Hydrilla 100.0 $75,954.00 200 45000 Jackson, Lake* 4000DEP NW Leon NW Torpedograss 5.0 $238.99 10 1500

James Canal 8Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 110

Jeffrey, Lk 150Dep-SR Columbia SR Floating Plants 0.1 10

Jeffrey, Lk 150Dep-SR Columbia SR Hydrilla 0.1 65

Jessamine, Lake* 306FWC Orange SJ Cattail 3 600

Jessamine, Lake* 306FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 12 2500

Jessamine, Lake* 306Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 3 258 Jessamine, Lake* 306Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 17.0 $14,713.88 10 9000

Jessie, Lake 190Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Jessie, Lake 190Polk polk SW Hydrilla 122.3 $50,021.90 70 10000

Jessup, Lake DEP SJRS Seminole SJ Hydrilla 2.5 $78.32

Johns Lake 2417Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Johns Lake 2417Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 63.8 $9,030.42 225 25500 Johns Lake 2417Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 23.9 $15,389.24 30 21000

Johnson Lake 52Dep-SJN Alachua SJ Floating Plants 3 325

Johnson Lake 52Dep-SJN Alachua SJ Hydrilla 0.1 70

Johnson Lake 52Dep-SJN Alachua SJ Taro 0.1 20 Josephine Creek 20Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1.0 $88.60 10 950

Josephine Creek 20Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Josephine Creek 20Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95

Josephine, Lake 1236FWC Highlands SW Bulrush R 100000

Josephine, Lake 1236FWC Highlands SW Pickerelweed 100 8000 Josephine, Lake 1236Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 60.0 $5,315.95 60 5700

Josephine, Lake 1236Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Josephine, Lake 1236Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 10 950

Juliana, Lake* 926Polk polk SW Floating Plants 3 450 Juliana, Lake* 926Polk polk SW Hydrilla 6.5 $2,657.91 2 1000

Jumper, Lake A&L Marion SJ Tussock 85.6 $1,806.90 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Jumper, Lake 305DEP SJRN Marion SJ Tussock 7.0 $729.88 30 41250

Jumper, Lake 305FWC Marion SJ Cattail 25 5000

Jumper, Lake 306FWC Marion SJ Tussock 40 30000 Jumper, Lake* 305DEP SJRN Marion SJ Floating Plants 27.2 $75,119.14 24 3000

Jumper, Lake* 305DEP SJRN Marion SJ Hydrilla 0.1

June-In-Winter, Lake 3504Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 5 475

June-In-Winter, Lake 3504Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

June-In-Winter, Lake 3504Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 2 190

June-In-Winter, Lake 3504Highlands Highlands SW Taro 3 285

Juniper Lake 665DEP NW Walton NW Bacopa 20 20000

Juniper Lake DEP NW Walton NW Floating Plants 3.3 $114.98 Kerr, Lake 2830DEP SJRS Marion SJ Hydrilla 3.7 $805.01 5 4875 Kerr, Lake(s)* 2830DEP SJRN Marion SJ Floating Plants 30.0 $239.55 25 2500 Kissimmee Canals 100Polk polk SW Floating Plants 65.0 $7,467.65 50 7500

Kissimmee Canals 100Polk polk SW Hydrilla 5 2500

Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 2890.0 $204,038.84 420000

Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 10 7000

Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF Limpo grass 10 1500

Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF Nuphar 10 1500

Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF Torpedograss 10 1500

Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF Tussock 70 10500 Kissimmee River 2340SFWMD Osceola SF W.I.Mrsh 70.0 $8,109.25 50 7500

Kissimmee, Lake 34948FWC Osceola SF Bulrush R 14000

Kissimmee, Lake 34948FWC Osceola SF Cattail 10 800

Kissimmee, Lake 34948FWC Osceola SF Pickerelweed 25 2000

Kissimmee, Lake 34948FWC Osceola SF Primrose 10 800

Kissimmee, Lake 34948FWC Osceola SF Tussock 10 80000 Kissimmee, Lake 34948SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 1416.0 $99,971.97 2250 337500 Kissimmee, Lake 34948SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2529.0 $1,726,636.84 400 280000 Kissimmee, Lake 34948SFWMD Osceola SF Tussock 8.0 $926.77 20 20000

Kissimmee, Lake 34948SFWMD Osceola SF W.I.Mrsh 2 300 Lafayette, Lake 2000DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 187.0 $13,574.52 20 2000

Lafayette, Lake 2000DEP NW Leon NW Frogsbit 15 2250

Lafayette, Lake 2000DEP NW Leon NW Scirpus 15 2250

Lafayette, Lake 2000DEP NW Leon NW Tussock 25 60000

Lawne, Lake 156FWC Orange SJ Cattail 0.6 200

Lawne, Lake 156FWC Orange SJ Eelgrass R 27000

Lawne, Lake 156FWC Orange SJ Maidencane R 9000

Lawne, Lake 156FWC Orange SJ Sawgrass R 6000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Lawne, Lake 156FWC Orange SJ Taro 0.6 200

Lawne, Lake 156FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 12 3700

Lawne, Lake 156Orange Orange SJ Floating Plants 3 258

Lawne, Lake 156Orange Orange SJ Hydrilla 1 900 Lelia, Lake 165Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1.0 $88.60 1 95

Lelia, Lake 165Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Lena, Lake 207Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Lena, Lake 207Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1.0 $408.91 1 500

Letta Lake 478Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95

Letta Lake 478Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Letta Lake 478Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95

Lindsey, Lake FWC Hernando SW tussock 27.0 $42,547.78 Lindsey, Lake* 137SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 5.0 $985.37 10 2000

Lindsey, Lake* 137SWFWMD Hernando SW Nuphar 10 2000

Lindsey, Lake* 137SWFWMD Hernando SW Tussock 4.0 $1,590.93

Little 5685FWC Marion SJ Cattail 5

Little Lake Weir 5686FWC Marion SJ Scirpus 1

Little Lake Weir 5685FWC Marion SJ Torpedograss 4 Little Orange Lake 818DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Floating Plants 6.6 $177.10 20 2375

Little Orange Lake 818DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350

Little Orange Lake 818DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Taro 1 200

Little Red Water Lake 66Highlands Highlands SW Cattail 1 475

Little Red Water Lake 66Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 5 475 Livingston, Lake 1203Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2.5 $287.22 50 7500

Lizzie, Lake 792SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 5 650

Lizzie, Lake 792SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 1400 Lizzie, Lake 792SFWMD Osceola SF Scirpus 1.0 $115.85 5 750 Lochloosa, Lake 5705DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Floating Plants 261.3 $7,011.65 155 15625 Lochloosa, Lake 5705DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Hydrilla 30.0 $14,812.50 100 70000 Lochloosa, Lake 5705DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Taro 3.5 $36.17 5 1000

Lochloosa, Lake DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Tussocks 3.0 $31.01

Lotela, Lake 802Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95

Lotela, Lake 802Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 2 1400

Lotela, Lake 802Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95 Loughman, Lake 600Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 1.0 $81.32 1 218

Loughman, Lake 600Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 4 760 Louisa Lake 3364Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1.0 $141.65 57 5280

Louise, Lake 145Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 1 86

Louise, Lake 145Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 15 13500 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Lower Lake Louise* 257Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 12 1920 Lower Lake Louise* 257Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 0.3 $133.93 6 4200

Ltl. 150Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 6 1745

Ltl. Manatee River 150Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Paspalum 3 872

Ltl. Manatee River 150Hillsborough Hillsborough SW pennywort 5 1454

Lucy, Lake 335Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2.25 235

Lucy, Lake 335Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700

Lucy, Lake 335Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 3 300 Lulu, Lake 301Polk polk SW Floating Plants 6.0 $689.32 10 1500 Lulu, Lake 301Polk polk SW Hydrilla 5.0 $2,044.55 100 15000 Manatee River 30SWFWMD Manatee SW Floating Plants 34.5 $6,799.03 55 11000

Manatee River 30SWFWMD Manatee SW Paragrass 5 1000

Mann, Lake 244FWC Orange SJ Bulrush R 16100

Mann, Lake 244FWC Orange SJ Cattail 2 400

Mann, Lake 244FWC Orange SJ Torpedograss 16 3300

Mariam, Lake* 5740FWC polk SW Cattail 100 8000

Mariam, Lake* 5739FWC polk SW Nuphar 50 4000 Mariam, Lake* 199Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.5 $57.44 2 300 Marian, Lake 5739SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 60.0 $4,236.10 500 70000 Marian, Lake 5739SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 500.0 $341,367.50 500 18000

Marion, Lake A&L Polk SF Tussock 7.3 $6,406.19 Marion, Lake 2990Polk polk SF Floating Plants 74.0 $9,050.89 25 3750

Marion, Lake Polk polk SF Tussock 8.0 $1,226.73

Martha, Lake 85Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Martha, Lake 85Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 3 1500 Martha, Lake* 2990Polk polk SF Hydrilla 3.0 $8,501.64 5 2500

Martin Bayou 240Dep-NW Bay NW Floating Plants 5

Mary Jane, Lake 1158SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 80 11200

Mary Jane, Lake 1158SFWMD Osceola SF Tussock 5 5000 Mattie, Lake* 1078Polk polk SW Floating Plants 10.5 $1,206.31 100 15000

Maude, Lake* 55Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Maude, Lake* 55Polk polk SW Hydrilla 47.3 $19,349.60 30 5000 May, Lake 44Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2.5 $287.22 2 300 May, Lake 44Polk polk SW Hydrilla 2.3 $920.05 2 1000

McKethan, Lake SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 13.3 $2,621.08

McKethan, Lake SWFWMD Hernando SW Scirpus 5.1 $2,028.44 McLeod, Lake* 512Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.0 $114.89 5 750

McLeod, Lake* 512Polk polk SW Hydrilla 1 500 Medard Reservoir 647SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 25.0 $4,926.84 50 10000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Medard Reservoir 647SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Hydrilla 0.3 $67.45 2 400

Menzi, Lake 22Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Menzi, Lake 22Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 500

Merritt’s Mill Pond 202Dep-NW Jackson NW Eelgrass 20 20000

Merritt’s Mill Pond 202Dep-NW Jackson NW Hydrilla 2

Miccosukee, Lake 6276DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 26.0 $1,887.37 1

Miccosukee, Lake 6276DEP NW Leon NW Frogsbit 200 7500

Miccosukee, Lake 6276DEP NW Leon NW Hydrilla 1

Miccosukee, Lake 6276DEP NW Leon NW Nymph/cab 50 50000 Middle Lake 215SWFWMD Pasco SW Floating Plants 4.0 $788.29 10 2000 Middle Lake 215SWFWMD Pasco SW Scirpus 3.4 $1,352.29 5 1000 Mill Dam, Lake* 210DEP SJRN Marion SJ Floating Plants 2.5 $67.08 3 300

Mill Dam, Lake* 210DEP SJRN Marion SJ Hydrilla 0.1 70 Miller Lake* 7Volusia Volusia SJ Brush 1.4 $19.54 3 480 Miller Lake* 7Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 2.0 $137.33 4 720

Mills Creek DEP SJRN Nassau SJ pennywort 25.0 $258.38

Mills Creek DEP SJRN Nassau SJ Taro 1.0 $10.34

Mills Creek DEP SJRN Nassau SJ Tussocks 4.0 $41.34 Minnehaha, Lake 2261Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 4.1 $575.11 40 4200

Minnehaha, Lake 2261Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700

Minnehaha, Lake 2261Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 0.5 50

Minneola, Lake 1888Lake Lake SJ Bpepper 2 296 Minneola, Lake 1888Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.8 $106.24 25 2700

Minneola, Lake 1888Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1 700

Minneola, Lake Lake Lake SJ salvinia 1.0 $122.60

Minneola, Lake 1888Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 2 200

Minneola, Lake Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 0.5 $61.30

Miona, Lake* 272FWC Sumter SW Torpedograss 10 3000 Miona, Lake* 418SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 1.0 $269.78 2 500 Mirror, Lake 123Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.5 $57.44 2 300 Mirror, Lake 123Polk polk SW Hydrilla 7.1 $2,919.61 3 1500

Monroe, Lake 9406Dep-SJS Volusia SJ Hydrilla 400 280000

Monroe, Lake 9406Dep-SJS Volusia SJ Nymphea 3 3000

Montgomery 36Dep-SR Columbia SR Cattail 1 200

Montgomery 36Dep-SR Columbia SR Floating Plants 0.5 50

Montgomery 36Dep-SR Columbia SR Hydrilla 0.2 130

Montgomery 36Dep-SR Columbia SR Taro 0.5 100

Montgomery 36Dep-SR Columbia SR Torpedograss 0.5 100

Montgomery, Lake 36Dep-SR Columbia SR Maidencane R 2500 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Moss Lee Lake 129DEP SJRN Putnam SJ Cattail 1 200 Moss Lee Lake 129DEP SJRN Putnam SJ Floating Plants 5.0 $134.17 15 1625

Moss Lee Lake 129DEP SJRN Putnam SJ Hydrilla 0.5 500

Mountain Lake* 127SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 12 2400

Mountain Lake* SWFWMD Hernando SW Scirpus 2.6 $1,034.11 Mountain Lake* 127SWFWMD Hernando SW W.I.Mrsh 4.2 $1,670.48 5 1000 Mud Lake* 133Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2.8 $315.94 10 1500 Munson, Lake(*) 255DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 137.5 $9,981.26 20 2000

Munson, Lake(*) 255DEP NW Leon NW Hydrilla 25 15000 790SWFWMD Sarasota SW Floating Plants 46.0 $9,065.38 300 20000 Myakka River 790SWFWMD Sarasota SW Frog/Grass 5.1 $2,028.44 10 2000

Mystic Lake 47Dep-SR Madison SR Floating Plants 1 100

Mystic Lake 47Dep-SR Madison SR Tussock 3 400

Nassau River 5785Dep-SJN Nassau SJ Floating Plants 10 1000

Nassau River 5785Dep-SJN Nassau SJ pennywort 10 2000

Nassau River 5785Dep-SJN Nassau SJ Taro 0.5 100 Ned, Lake* 74Polk polk SW Floating Plants 3.5 $402.10 5 750

Ned, Lake* 74Polk polk SW Hydrilla 3 1500

Newnans A&L Alachua SJ tussocks 142.4 $124,964.54

Newnans 7428FWC Alachua SJ Maidencane R 20000

Newnans 7427FWC Alachua SJ Tussock 50 7500 Newnans Lake 7427DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Floating Plants 129.9 $3,487.04 170 18750 Norris, Lake 1131Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2.5 $354.13 14 1680 North Lake Talmadge* 121Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 5.5 $377.67 6 1080

North Lake Talmadge* 121Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 1 500

Okahumpka, Lake A&L Sumter SW tussocks 10.6 $9,302.14

Okahumpka, Lake* 670SWFWMD Sumter SW Cattail 5 1000 Okahumpka, Lake* 670SWFWMD Sumter SW Floating Plants 12.0 $2,364.88 20 4000 Okahumpka, Lake* 670SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 99.3 $26,791.94 160 80000

Okahumpka, Lake* 670SWFWMD Sumter SW tussock/scirpus 16.5 $6,562.60

Okeechobee, Lake ACOE Okeechobee SF Floating Plants 7542.0 $721,316.88

Okeechobee, Lake 448000FWC Okeechobee SF Cattail 1000 85000

Okeechobee, Lake Private Okeechobee SF Tussock 38.6 $7,720.00 Okeechobee, Lake 446000SFWMD Okeechobee SF Torpedograss 4392.0 $508,797.62 5700 997500

Olivia, Lake 86Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Orange Lake 12706DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Coontail 100 50000 Orange Lake 12706DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Floating Plants 64.7 $1,734.80 400 42500 Orange Lake 12706DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Hydrilla 10.0 $4,937.50 150 105000

Orange Lake DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Pennywort 36.0 $372.07 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Orange Lake 12706DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Taro 30.8 $317.81 20 4000 Orange Lake 12706DEP SJRN Alachua SJ Tussock 1488.6 $15,385.25 500 160000

Orange, Lake A&L Alachua SJ Tussock 1911.5 $1,677,455.94

Orange, Lake DEP SJRS Alachua SJ Frogs bit 16.6 $4,284.94

Orange, Lake 12706FWC Alachua SJ scirpus/frogs/tussk 232.5 $366,872.79

Orange, Lake 12706FWC Alachua SJ Tussock 65 10000 Osborne, Lake 356Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 21.0 $4,589.30 25 6570 Osborne, Lake 356Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 261.1 $157,449.84 250 270000

Osborne, Lake 356Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Taro 2 1260

Palatlakaha River-N 10Lake Lake SJ Alligatorweed 3 300 Palatlakaha River-N 10Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.1 $17.00 6 800 Palatlakaha River-N 10Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1.3 $813.02 10 7000

Palatlakaha River-N 10Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 5 500 Palatlakaha River-S 750Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 8.5 $1,202.64 97 9780 Palatlakaha River-S 750Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.3 $180.67 8 5600 Palatlakaha, Lake 101Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1.6 $229.48 17 1980

Palatlakaha, Lake 101Lake Lake SJ Paragras 2 280

Palatlakaha, Lake 101Lake Lake SJ Pennywort 0.5 50

Palatlakaha, Lake 101Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 1 100

Palatlakaha, Lake 101Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140

Palestine Lake* 911DEP SR Union SR Floating Plants 1 100

Palestine Lake* DEP SR Union SR Torpedograss 0.1 $7.00

Panasoffkee, Lake A&L Sumter SW tussocks 201.0 $176,389.56 Panasoffkee, Lake 4460SWFWMD Sumter SW Floating Plants 77.0 $15,174.66 150 25000 Panasoffkee, Lake 4460SWFWMD Sumter SW Hydrilla 200.8 $54,158.50 2400 145000 Panasoffkee, Lake 4460SWFWMD Sumter SW Smartweed 20.2 $8,034.21 5 1000 Panasoffkee, Lake 4460SWFWMD Sumter SW Tussock 95.1 $37,826.42 25 4000

Pansy,Lake* 50Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Pansy,Lake* 50Polk polk SW Hydrilla 19.2 $7,871.51 5 2500

Parker, Lake 2272FWC Polk SW Cattail 3 240

Parker, Lake 2272FWC Polk SW Pickerelweed 4 360

Parker, Lake 2272FWC Polk SW Primrose 4 320

Parker, Lake 2272FWC Polk SW Torpedograss 10 800 Parker, Lake 2272Polk polk SW Floating Plants 33.5 $3,848.71 75 11250 Parker, Lake 2272Polk polk SW Hydrilla 490.5 $200,570.11 150 75000

Peace River 150SWFWMD Hardee SW Floating Plants 50 10000

Peace River 150SWFWMD Hardee SW W.I.Mrsh 5 1000

Peace River 150SWFWMD Hardee SW Wetlnd Nghtshd 60 10000 Peacock Lake* 148DEP SR Suwannee SR Floating Plants 53.2 $7,295.95 50 5000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Peacock Lake* 148DEP SR Suwannee SR Hydrilla 0 0

Peacock Lake* 148DEP SR Suwannee SR Taro 1 200

Peacock Lake* 148DEP SR Suwannee SR Torpedograss 1.5 300

Pierce, Lake 3729FWC Polk SF Tussock 113.2 $178,674.15 Pierce, Lake 3729Polk polk SF Floating Plants 100.0 $11,488.70 100 15000 Pierce, Lake 3729Polk polk SF Hydrilla 185.2 $75,750.49 2750 300000

Pierce, Lake Polk polk SF Tussock 12.0 $13,576.34

Pierce, Lake Private Polk SF Tussock 171.7 $1,256,838.70

Pierce, Lake SFWMD Polk SF Tussock 100.0 $11,584.65

Pine Lake 35Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Floating Plants 6 1500 Pine Lake 35Palm Beach Palm Beach SF Hydrilla 16.0 $9,649.51 20 16300

Piney “Z” DEP NW Leon NW Floating Plants 17.0 $1,234.05

Pioneer Lake 93Highlands Highlands SW Cattail 0.5 42.5 Pioneer Lake 93Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1.0 $1,863.00 1 700

Placid, Lake 3320FWC Highlands SW Bulrush R 2800

Placid, Lake 3320Highlands Highlands SW Cattail 0.5 42.5

Placid, Lake 3320Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 190

Pluckebaum 25Brevard Brevard SJ Bpepper 1 125

Pluckebaum 25Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 20 1500

Plummer DEP SJRN Nassau SJ Pennywort 4.0 $41.34

Pocket Lake 126Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 1 86

Pocket Lake 126Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 13 11700 Poinsett, Lake 4334Brevard Brevard SJ Bpepper 2.0 $162.64 200 280000

Poinsett, Lake Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 6.0 $487.93 Poinsett, Lake 4334Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 65.1 $7,913.09 375 46875

Poinsett, Lake 4334Brevard Brevard SJ Torpedograss 15 2250

Poinsett, Lake DEP SJRS Brevard SJ Floating Plants 363.8 $47,331.88

Port St John Canal 7Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 1 100

Rachel, Lake 103Dep-SR Madison SR Floating Plants 3 300 150SWFWMD Marion SW Floating Plants 15.0 $2,956.10 20 4500 Rainbow River 150SWFWMD Marion SW Hydrilla 27.0 $7,284.08 60 51000 Red Beach, Lake 335Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 2 190

Red Beach, Lake 335Highlands Highlands SW Torpedograss 1 85

Reedy Creek 100SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 10 1400

Reedy, Lake 3486Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Reedy, Lake 3486Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 500

Rochelle, Lake 578FWC polk SW Bulrush R 2800 Rochelle, Lake 578Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.5 $172.33 15 2250 Rochelle, Lake 578Polk polk SW Hydrilla 125.5 $51,318.14 500 65000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Rodman Res. 9600Dep-SJN Putnam SJ Floating Plants 210 24750

Rodman Res. 9600Dep-SJN Putnam SJ Hydrilla 35 24500 Rosalie, Lake 4597Polk polk SF Floating Plants 63.5 $7,295.32 150 22500

Rosalie, Lake 4597Polk polk SF Hydrilla 400 425000

Rousseau, Lake 4000DEP SW Citrus SW Cattail 1 400

Rousseau, Lake 4000DEP SW Citrus SW Coontail 10 7000 Rousseau, Lake 4000DEP SW Citrus SW Floating Plants 543.1 $44,963.68 310 38500 Rousseau, Lake 4000DEP SW Citrus SW Hydrilla 344.5 $171,100.00 800 800000

Rousseau, Lake DEP SW Citrus SW penny/grasses 14.8 $1,883.00

Rousseau, Lake 4000DEP SW Citrus SW S.Niad 10 7000 Rousseau, Lake 4000DEP SW Citrus SW Tussock 15.0 $1,908.44 40 8000

Rowell Lake 364DEP SR Bradford SR Cattail 1.0 $70.01 Rowell Lake 364DEP SR Bradford SR Floating Plants 10.8 $1,472.89 20 2000

Rowell Lake 364DEP SR Bradford SR Hydrilla 5 3250

Rowell Lake 364DEP SR Bradford SR Sesbania punicea 0.5 $35.01

Rowell Lake 364DEP SR Bradford SR Taro 2 400

Rowell Lake 364DEP SR Bradford SR Torpedograss 1 200

Roy, Lake 78Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Roy, Lake 78Polk polk SW Hydrilla 34.4 $14,054.22 25 12500

Runnymeade A&L Osceola SF Tussock 95.6 $83,894.74 Runnymede Lake 300SFWMD Osceola SF Cattail 5.0 $579.23 2 300 Runnymede Lake 300SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 104.0 $7,342.57 100 14000

Runnymede Lake SFWMD Osceola SF Nuphar 7.0 $810.93 Runnymede Lake 300SFWMD Osceola SF Paragrass 23.0 $2,664.47 2 300 Runnymede Lake 300SFWMD Osceola SF Tussock 41.0 $4,749.70 20 20000 Russell, Lake 300SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 2.0 $141.20 30 4200 Ruth Lake 312Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 1.0 $81.32 1 218 Ruth Lake 312Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5.0 $608.70 1 220 Saddle Creek Park 335Polk polk SW Floating Plants 72.2 $8,300.59 50 7500 Saddle Creek Park 335Polk polk SW Hydrilla 147.9 $60,473.63 150 75000 Salt Lake 336Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 1.0 $81.32 1 154 Salt Lake 336Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 6.0 $730.44 2 440 Sampson Lake 2042DEP SR Bradford SR Cattail 3.0 $210.04 30 6000 Sampson Lake 2042DEP SR Bradford SR Floating Plants 20.5 $2,808.77 30 3000

Sampson Lake 2042DEP SR Bradford SR Hydrilla 10 6500

Sampson Lake 2042DEP SR Bradford SR Sesbania punicea 1.0 $70.01

Sampson Lake 2042DEP SR Bradford SR Taro 2 400

Sampson Lake 2042DEP SR Bradford SR Torpedograss 8 1600

Sanitary(Mariana) 500Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Santa Fe Lake 4721DEP SR Alachua SR Floating Plants 38.5 $5,275.01 25 2500 Santa Fe Lake 4721DEP SR Alachua SR Taro 7.5 $525.09 0.5 100

Santa Fe Lake 4721DEP SR Alachua SR Torpedograss 1 200

Santa Fe River 5000DEP SR Columbia SR Alligatorweed 1 200 5000DEP SR Columbia SR Floating Plants 13.6 $1,857.90 35 4375

Santa Fe River 5000DEP SR Columbia SR Hydrilla 0 0

Santa Fe River 5000DEP SR Columbia SR Taro 0.1 20

Santa Fe River 5000DEP SR Columbia SR Torpedograss 0.5 100 Savannahs St Park 2700SFWMD Martin SF Floating Plants 11.0 $776.62 20 2800

Savannahs St Park 2700SFWMD Martin SF Hydrilla 3 2100 Sawgrass, Lake 407SJWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 2.0 $439.77 75 4125

Sawgrass, Lake 407SJWMD Brevard SJ Frogs bit 20 110 Sawgrass, Lake 407SJWMD Brevard SJ Hydrilla 6.0 $1,938.50 25 20000 Sawgrass, Litle Lake 74SJWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 3.0 $659.66 10 550

Sawgrass, Litle Lake 74SJWMD Brevard SJ Frogs bit 1 55

Sawgrass, Litle Lake SJWMD Brevard SJ Hydrilla 2.5 $807.71

Sears,Lake 82Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Sebring, Lake 468Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1.0 $88.60 6 570

Sebring, Lake 468Highlands Highlands SW Scirpus 1 95

Sellers Lake (Pond) 1050Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50

Sellers Lake (Pond) 1050Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350

Sellers Lake (Pond) 1050Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140

Seminole, Lake 716SWFWMD Pinellas SW Bulrush R 5600

Seminole, Lake 716SWFWMD Pinellas SW Knotgrass R 2800

Sheen, Lake* 565Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 4 344 Sheen, Lake* 565Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 27.9 $24,148.08 57 51300 Shell Creek 48SWFWMD Charlotte SW Floating Plants 82.0 $16,160.02 110 22000

Shingle Creek 10SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 10 1400

Shingle Creek 10SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2 1400 Shipp, Lake 283Polk polk SW Floating Plants 0.8 $86.17 2 300 Shipp, Lake 283Polk polk SW Hydrilla 34.3 $14,009.24 10 5000

Silver Lake 120SWFWMD Hernando SW Hydrilla 20 15000 40DEP SJRS Marion SJ Floating Plants 1.0 $130.10 0.5 63 Silver River 40DEP SJRS Marion SJ Hydrilla 1.0 $31.33 2 1950

Silver, Lake 52Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Silver, Lake 52Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 500

SJR Deleon Springs ? Dep-SJS Volusia SJ Bpepper 45 6750

SJR Deleon Springs ? Dep-SJS Volusia SJ Floating Plants 15 1850 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

SJR, 520 Canal 12Brevard Brevard SJ Bpepper 1 125

SJR, 520 Canal 12Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5 465

SJR, Tucker canal 26Brevard Brevard SJ Bpepper 1 160

SJR, Tucker canal 26Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 40 3200

Smart Lake 275Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Smart Lake 275Polk polk SW Hydrilla 46.2 $18,912.06 100 50000

Smith Lake Dep-NW Washington NW Torpedograss 20 4000 Sneads Smk 110DEP NW Jefferson NW Floating Plants 49.5 $3,593.26 20 2000

Sneads Smk 110DEP NW Jefferson NW Frogs bit 200 30000

Sneads Smk 110DEP NW Jefferson NW Hydrilla 1 South Lake 1101Brevard Brevard SJ Cattail 75.5 $6,139.79 60 8700 South Lake 1101Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 22.8 $2,769.58 45 7965

South Lake 1101Brevard Brevard SJ Hydrilla 1 365 South Lake Talmadge* 60Volusia Volusia SJ Floating Plants 7.3 $497.83 8 1440

South Lake Talmadge* 60Volusia Volusia SJ Hydrilla 2 1400

South Lake Talmadge* 60Volusia Volusia SJ Melalueca 10.0 $139.56 Spring, Lake 25Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.0 $114.89 2 300 Spring, Lake 25Polk polk SW Hydrilla 14.4 $5,900.56 10 5000

St. Johns River ACOE St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 5169.5 $494,410.98

St. Johns River ACOE St. Johns SJ Other 44.0 $33,471.68

St. Johns River ACOE St. Johns SJ Tussock 6.5 $4,944.68

St. Johns River Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 50.0 $6,086.99

St. Johns River Lake Lake SJ salvinia 4.7 $571.32 St. Johns River 478SJWMD St. Johns SJ Floating Plants 122.5 $26,936.20 100 5500

St. Johns River 478SJWMD St. Johns SJ Frogs bit 2 110

Stearns Creek 45Highlands Highlands SW Floating Plants 1 95

Stearns Creek 46Highlands Highlands SW Taro 1 95

Stella, Lake* 308DEP SJRN Putnam SJ Floating Plants 10.0 $268.34 Summit, Lake 67Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.3 $143.61 2 300 Summit, Lake 67Polk polk SW Hydrilla 39.2 $16,049.70 10 5000 Surveyors, Lake* 293Polk polk SW Floating Plants 1.0 $114.89 10 1500 Susan, Lake 81Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 1.7 $237.98 11 1140

Susan, Lake 81Lake Lake SJ Paragrass 0.25 35 Suwannee Lake* 63DEP SR Suwannee SR Floating Plants 44.1 $6,035.43 30 3000 Suwannee River 12000DEP SR Dixie SR Floating Plants 152.5 $20,894.51 150 18750

Suwannee River 12000DEP SR Dixie SR Hydrilla 5 3250

Suwannee River 12000DEP SR Dixie SR Pennywort 5 1000 Suwannee River 12000DEP SR Dixie SR Taro 11.0 $770.13 5 1000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Swift Creek 568DEP SR Union SR Torpedograss 0.1 $7.00 0.1 20

Swoope Lake 88Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Swoope Lake 88Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 50 25000 Talquin, Lake 8850DEP NW Gadsden NW Floating Plants 164.0 $11,904.93 100 12500 Tarpon, Lake 2534SWFWMD Pinellas SW Floating Plants 64.0 $12,612.70 100 17500 Tarpon, Lake 2534SWFWMD Pinellas SW Hydrilla 692.5 $186,823.23 125 125000

Tennessee, Lake 112Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Tenoroc Pits* 1200Polk polk SW Floating Plants 35.5 $4,078.49 200 30000 Tenoroc Pits* 1200Polk polk SW Hydrilla 72.7 $29,711.36 75 37500

Tenoroc/Brid FWC Polk SW Hydrilla 2

Tenoroc/Brid FWC Polk SW Mixed vegetation 150

Thomas, Lake 73Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300

Thonotosassa, Lk 819Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattail 5 1454 Thonotosassa, Lk 819Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 13.3 $3,506.32 23 7934

Thonotosassa, Lk 819Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Hydrilla 6 5059

Thonotosassa, Lk 819SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Cattail 30 0 Thonotosassa, Lk 819SWFWMD Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 48.0 $9,459.53 50 7500

Tibet, Lake* 1198Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 10 860 Tibet, Lake* 1198Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 28.0 $24,234.63 120 108000

Tiger, Lake 2200FWC polk SF Pickerelweed 10 800 Tiger, Lake 2200Polk polk SF Floating Plants 207.5 $23,839.05 200 30000

Tiger, Lake 2200Polk polk SF Hydrilla 5 2500

Townsend Lake 110Dep-SR Lafayette SR Taro 0.2 40 Tracy, Lake 136Polk polk SW Floating Plants 5.5 $631.88 5 750

Tracy, Lake 136Polk polk SW Hydrilla 2 1000

Trafford, Lake 1494FWC Collier SF Tussock

Trafford, Lake 1494SFWMD Collier SF Floating Plants 20 2800

Triplet Chain of Lakes DEP SJRS Seminole SJ Hydrilla 360.0 $11,278.35

Trout Lake 102Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100 Trout Lake 102Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 9.5 $1,345.71 21 2900 Trout Lake 102Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 $329.08 3 2100

Trout Lake Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1.0 $122.60 Trout Lake 273SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 4.0 $282.41 4 5600

Trout Lake 273SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 1 700

Tsala Apopka, Lake A&L Citrus SW tussocks 85.0 $74,592.60

Tsala Apopka, Lake FWC Citrus SW Tussock 54.1 $85,324.51

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Alligatorweed 9 3150

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Cattail 13 4550

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Coontail 102 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 37.0 $10,960.14 113 36725

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Frogs bit 11 3850 Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 62.5 $50,824.02 168 150151

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Maidencane 2 700

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Nuphar 17 5950

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Parrotfeather 8 3600

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Paspalum 6 2100

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pennywort 44 15400

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pickerelweed 1 225

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pondweed 3 1200

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW S.Niad 7 3150

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Smartweed 6 2100

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Torpedograss 19 6650 Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Tussock 263.1 $648,252.65 127 571500

Tsala Floral City 19111Citrus Citrus SW Willows 25 8750

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Cattail 35.5 12425 Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Coontail 14.9 $36,632.01 18 7200

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Fanwort 42 18900 Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 25.0 $7,405.50 72.5 23238

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW FragLilly 21.5 7525

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Frogs bit 2.5 875 Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 554.0 $450,528.48 310 276743

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Limnophila 0.5 400

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Lotus 2 450

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Maidencane 7.5 2625

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Milfoil 5 2000

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Nitella 7.5 3563

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Nuphar 50 17500

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pennywort 2 700

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pickerelweed 7 1575

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pondweed 9.5 3800

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW S.Milfoil 8 3600

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW S.Niad 2 900

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Torpedograss 15.5 5425 Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Tussock 650.6 $1,602,845.23 154 693000

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW W.Shield 26 11700

Tsala Hernando 19111Citrus Citrus SW Willows 15 5250

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Bladderwort 7 2450

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Cattail 33 11550 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Coontail 16.1 $39,539.02 33.5 13400 Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Fanwort 7.8 $19,116.68 30 13500 Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Floating Plants 24.5 $7,257.39 138.5 45013

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW FragLilly 3 1050

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Frogs bit 26.5 9275 Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Hydrilla 459.2 $373,381.69 432 386101

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Limnophila 15 12000

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Lotus 1 225

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Maidencane 4.5 1575

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Nuphar 64 22400

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Parrotfeather 3 1350

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pennywort 7 2450

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pickerelweed 7 1575

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Pondweed 21 8400

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW S.Milfoil 7 3150

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW S.Niad 26 11700

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Sawgrass 2 540

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Smartweed 2 700

Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Torpedograss 16.5 5775 Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Tussock 449.3 $1,106,920.03 51 229500 Tsala Inverness 19111Citrus Citrus SW Willows 1.2 $2,956.19 17 5950

Tulane, Lake 89Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Turtle Mound Canal 27Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5 475

Umatilla, Lake* 162FWC Lake SJ Bulrush R 15000

Umatilla, Lake* 161FWC Lake SJ Scirpus 4 2000 Umatilla, Lake* 161Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.1 $17.00 0.5 50

Upper Myakka Lake 1020SWFWMD Sarasota SW Floating Plants 110 19250

Upper Myakka Lake 1020SWFWMD Sarasota SW Frogs bit 5 1000

Upper Myakka Lake 1020SWFWMD Sarasota SW Grasses 5 1000

Upper Myakka Lake 1020SWFWMD Sarasota SW Hydrilla 125 100000

Upper Myakka Lake 1020SWFWMD Sarasota SW Tussock 5 3000 Upper Taylor Crk 35SFWMD Okeechobee SF Floating Plants 140.0 $9,884.23 100 140000

Upper Taylor Crk 35SFWMD Okeechobee SF Pennywort 10 1500

Upper Taylor Crk 35SFWMD Okeechobee SF W.I.Mrsh 2 300

Viola, Lake 73Highlands Highlands SW Hydrilla 1 700

Wacissa River 250Dep-NW Jefferson NW Floating Plants 100 12500

Wacissa River 250Dep-NW Jefferson NW Hydrilla 10 10000 300DEP NW Wakulla NW Hydrilla 150.0 $113,931.00 150 150000

Wales, Lake 326Polk Polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

Wales, Lake 326Polk Polk SW Hydrilla 1 500 Washington, Lake 4362SJWMD Brevard SJ Floating Plants 15.5 $3,408.25 100 5500

Washington, Lake 4362SJWMD Brevard SJ Hydrilla 75 45000

Watermellon Pond 531Dep-SR Alachua SR Floating Plants 1 100

Watermellon Pond 531Dep-SR Alachua SR Hydrilla 0.3 195

Watertown Lake 46Dep-SR Columbia SR Floating Plants 0.2 20

Watertown Lake 46Dep-SR Columbia SR Hydrilla 0.2 130

Watertown Lake 46Dep-SR Columbia SR Taro 0.1 20

Watertown Lake 46Dep-SR Columbia SR Torpedograss 0.1 20

Wauseon Bay 138Orange Orange SF Floating Plants 1 86

Wauseon Bay 138Orange Orange SF Hydrilla 4 3600

Web FMA FWC Charlotte SW Torpedograss 10 500

Weeki Wachee River 150SWFWMD Hernando SW Cattail 2 400 150SWFWMD Hernando SW Floating Plants 2.0 $394.15 5 750 Weeki Wachee River 150SWFWMD Hernando SW Hydrilla 7.0 $1,888.47 70 0

Weeks, Lake 55Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Cattail 1 291

Weeks, Lake 55Hillsborough Hillsborough SW Floating Plants 8 2760

Weir, Lake 5685Dep-SJN Marion SJ Cattail 1 200

Weir, Lake 5685Dep-SJN Marion SJ Floating Plants 20 2000

Weir, Lake 5685Dep-SJN Marion SJ Hydrilla 5 4875

Wekiva River 234DEP SJRS Orange SJ Hydrilla 10 8500

Wekiva River 234DEP SJRS Orange SJ Hygrophila 5 6250

Wekiva River 234DEP SJRS Orange SJ Paragrass 20 41000

Wekiva River 234DEP SJRS Orange SJ Taro 10 2000

Wekiva River 234DEP SJRS Orange SJ Torpedograss 1 300

Wekiva River 234Dep-SJS Orange SJ Cattail 30 67500 Wekiva River 234Dep-SJS Orange SJ Floating Plants 102.5 $13,342.18 100 11250

Weohyakapka, Lake 7532FWC polk SF Bulrush R 4800

Weohyakapka, Lake 7532FWC polk SF Cattail 3 240

Weohyakapka, Lake 7532FWC polk SF Pickerelweed 8 640

Weohyakapka, Lake 7532FWC polk SF Scirpus 3 240

Weohyakapka, Lake 7532FWC polk SF Torpedograss 12 960

Weohyakapka, Lake 7532FWC polk SF Tussock 4 360 Weohyakapka, Lake 7532Polk polk SF Floating Plants 11.2 $1,286.73 100 15000 Weohyakapka, Lake 7532Polk polk SF Hydrilla 10.3 $4,191.32 4500 1750000

Weohyakapka, Lake Polk polk SF Tussock 18.0 $20,364.50

West Lk Toho. 18810FWC Osceola SF Pickerelweed 1000 100000

West Lk Toho. 18810FWC Osceola SF Smartweed 500 50000 West Lk Toho. 18810SFWMD Osceola SF Floating Plants 1258.0 $88,816.91 1500 210000 FY 05-06 FY04-05 FY 05-06 Contractor Water Acres FY 04-05 Acres Ctrl Dollars

Water Body Acres Contractor County WMD Plant Type Treated Dollars Spent Allocated Alocated

West Lk Toho. 18810SFWMD Osceola SF Frogs bit 50 7500 West Lk Toho. 18810SFWMD Osceola SF Hydrilla 2661.0 $1,816,757.86 400 280000

West Lk Toho. 18810SFWMD Osceola SF Tussock 5 5000 Wickham Rd, Canal 27Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5.0 $608.70 5 475

Wildcat Lake 232Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 0.5 50

Wildcat Lake 232Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350

Wilson, Lake 32Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 6 600

Wilson, Lake 32Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.5 350

Wilson, Lake 32Lake Lake SJ Scirpus 2 200

Winder Rd. Canal 26Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 5 600

Winder, Lake Brevard Brevard SJ Floating Plants 10.0 $1,217.40 Winder, Lake 1496DEP SJRS Brevard SJ Floating Plants 329.0 $42,808.16 300 37500

Winder, Lake 1496DEP SJRS Brevard SJ Hydrilla 145 189000 Winder, Lake 1496DEP SJRS Brevard SJ Taro 27.5 $7,098.55 15 1875

Winder, Lake 1496DEP SJRS Brevard SJ Torpedograss 10 1500

Winona, Lake Lake Lake SJ duckweed 0.5 $61.30 Winona, Lake 75Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 2.0 $283.31 16 2000 Winona, Lake 75Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 0.3 $180.67 0.5 350

Winona, Lake 75Lake Lake SJ Tussock 2 200

Winterset, Lake 548Polk polk SW Floating Plants 2 300 Winterset, Lake 548Polk polk SW Hydrilla 58.6 $23,978.45 20 10000 Withlacoochee River 3600SWFWMD Citrus SW Floating Plants 395.0 $77,844.00 600 90000 Withlacoochee River 3600SWFWMD Citrus SW Hydrilla 53.0 $14,298.38 500 400000 Withlacoochee River 3600SWFWMD Citrus SW Scirpus, etc 18.7 $7,437.61 10 2000

Withlacoochee River 3600SWFWMD Citrus SW Taro 5 1000

Withlacoochee River 3600SWFWMD Citrus SW W.I.Mrsh 5 1000

Withlacoohee 647Dep-SR Hamilton SR Floating Plants 0.5 50 Wood Lake 150Polk polk SW Floating Plants 17.5 $2,010.52 25 3750 Wood Lake 150Polk polk SW Hydrilla 31.5 $12,864.29 25 12500

Yale, Lake 4042FWC Lake SJ Cattail 10 1500

Yale, Lake 4042FWC Lake SJ Native Grasses R 5000

Yale, Lake 4042Lake Lake SJ Cattail 1 100

Yale, Lake Lake Lake SJ duckweed 0.5 $61.30 0 Yale, Lake 4042Lake Lake SJ Floating Plants 8.6 $1,223.89 22 2800 Yale, Lake 4042Lake Lake SJ Hydrilla 1.5 $935.61 3 2100

Yale, Lake 4042Lake Lake SJ Torpedograss 1 140

Yale, Lake Lake Lake SJ Tussock 0.5 $61.30