JULY 1970 A publication to help you do your part in freeing 36 million people Africa, alone. It is money like this Each of the articles is illustrated that gives Africa's racist rulers with photographs or drawings. their strength. At the beginning of the section on each country, you 'll find a chart You, as an individual, can't change that shows at a glance the type of the hearts or minds of th ese officials. government, population, languages, But you can weaken their hold by and major exports, and at the forcing Congress and the business back of the magazine, there is a community to cut America's political helpful, full-page map of the and economic ties with them and southern African nations. In their governments. addition, there is a basic resource You 'll find out how to go about it in list of books, articles, United Nations Southern Africa: A Time for Change, documents, magazines, news letters a Friendship Press publication. and films on the five countries that And you'll get th e up-to-date infor­ makes Southern Africa: A Time for mation you need to support your Change an extremely valuable opinion. educational tool for churches, schools and Black Studies programs Here are just a few of the twenty-two of all kinds. intriguing articles: Today, take your first step towards " Roots of Revolt" by freeing southern Africa's millions. Edward W. Brooke Use the coupon below to order " What God Hath Joined Together" copies of Southern Africa: A Time by Willi.am R. Frye for Change. Sale price $1 .95. " A Revolution Almost Forgotten" Southern Africa: A Time for Change by John Marcum is a penetrating new publication that " Colonialism and the UN " gives you the latest facts and by Mahmoud Mestiri figures, incisive quotes and absorb­ " The Arithmetic of Violence" ing opinions about five nations of by A. C. Forrest southern Africa and their oppressors. r ----, Service Center But it doesn't stop there! Southern I United Methodist Board of Missions I Africa also gives a step-by-step 7820 Reading Road plan of action that individuals, I Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 I church and school groups, civic Please send me : organizations and Bl ack Studies ___ copies of Southern Africa: A Time for Change @ $1 .95 participants can use to make their I per copy. Remittance should accompany ord er. Make your check I voices heard where they count- in or money order payable to Service Center. the halls of Congress and the board I I rooms of the 260 Am erican Name corporations who do business with I Please print I the southern African countries. Address What does business have to do I City State Zip I with it? Everything. America has an 7/70 ____ _J $800 million investment in South L NewllUl/llrld Series Vol. XXX No. 11 Whole Series Vol.111111 LX No. 7 JULY. 1970 • • Letters 4 Editorials 5 When the Guns Have Stopped Don Luce 6 How Firm the lnterreligious Foundation? Charl es E. Brews te r 12 Women's Place in the Church Ell en Clark talks wi th Peggy Billings, Jane Harvey, a nd Emily Hewitt 18 Japan and the United States 23 Issues and Tensions in 1970 Robert S. Bilhe imer 24 Maintaining the Security of Japan Yutaka Shishido 27 Divergence and Security Alan Geyer 29 Okinawa: Frustration and Hope Hideo Hash imoto 31 Letters from Overseas With the Forest People in Cameroun Ronald Brook 33 Mexico : A Team in Teotlah::ingo Ronn Friend 35 W orld Youth Assembly Amy Lee 37 " Three Cheers " Prayers by Jeanette Struchen 39 Books 40 The Moving Finger Writes 42 COVER Statue in Peace Park at site of atomic bomb explosion, Nagasaki, Japan . Three Lions Photo

Editor Arthur J. Moore, Jr. Managing Editor Charles E. Brewster Planning and Coordination Auociate Editor Ellen Clark Stanley J. Rowland, Jr. Stall Correspondent Amy Lee Art Director Roger C. Sadler 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027

Published Monthly by the Board of Missions of the United Methodist Church, Joint Commis­ sion on Education and Cultivation, in association with the Commission on Ecumenical Mission and Relations of the United Presbyteria n Church, USA

Second-class Mail Privileges Authorized at New York, N.Y. Additional Entry at Nashville, Tennessee. Copyright 1970 by Board of Missions of the United Methodist Church. No part of New/World Outlook may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the Editors. Printed in U.S.A.

Subscriptions in the Un ited States and Possessions, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay: One year $3.00, (combination with response, $5.00). Single copies 35 cents. Canada, Newfoundland and Laborador: one year $3.25 (Combination $5.50). All other foreign countries: One year 4.00 (Combination $6.40).

Report any change of address directly to new/World Outlook rather than to the Post Office. With your new address be sure to send also the old address, enclosing if possible an address label from a recent copy. A request for change of address must reach us at least thirty days before the date of issue with which it is to take effect. new/World Outlook editorials and unsigned articles reflect the views of the editors and signed articles the views of the authors only.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS Pp. 6 , 7 . 8 . 9 , 10, 11 . John Taylor, Pp. 13, 14. 15, 16, 17, 19. 20. Toge Fujihira, from United Methodist Missions, P. 18, Ell en Shumsky. P. 21 , Chinese Congregational Church, Hong Kong, P. 23 , Wide World, Pp. 24, 25. 27 (right). East-West by Horace Bristol , 32 (middle), P. 27, Three Lions, Pp. 28, 29, 30, 32 (top right) Japan National Tourist Organization, Pp. 31, 32 (below). liberation News Service, Pp. 26. 33, 34, COEMAR, P. 35, Karen Osterman STOP THE BLOODSHED FAMILY PLANNING MINISTRY Thank you for your editorials and articles Let me co ngratu late you fo r including th e protesting the terrible war in Southeast Asia. article, "The Pill- An Instrument in Mis­ How much longer will the killi ng go on? As sion," by Jessma 0 . Blockwick in the Febru­ Christians concerned about the mission out­ ary number. Family planning has been a part reach of the church, we must stop the blood­ of my ministry for over twe nty yenrs, in th e shed and begin the reconciliation this world U.S.A. as well as in Peru , but we have had l am sure, presents matters clearl y and with needs. very little support from church publications i\ lns. Ann1u 11 I I. MAYNARD an en ouraging note of vitality. in this ministry. I hope you will continue to· be as wise Stockton, California You may not be aware that Church V\lo rld and as penetrating as this iss ue indicates. Service was "pushed" into its Planned THE GRAPE STORY A. Duuu:v VVAR D Parenthood program very reluctantly as re­ I am a new reader to 11 ew/ \Vorld Outlook Washington, D. C. cently as 1964, and its representative in and have just fini shed reading the i\ lay issue The 1criter is ge11 ernl secretary of the Board Peru and I were helping to "pu h." I believe which has an article by Elaine i\ lagali s of Christian Social Concern s of T/1 e United a very vocal support of "Responsible Parent­ called " It Takes A Long Time." I feel this i\lctlwdist Clwrch . hood" (as we labeled it here) by the Protes­ article is only telling the union side of the tant churches around the world at this ti me "Crape" story. I sin cere ly hope th at in th e THANKS FOR DISCOMFORT is m:ccssary to stfe ngth e n the ri sing con­ very near future your magazine w ill present As I read Miss Hageman's article ["Protes­ sciousness of the population crisis. Acts are the other side of the story, which happens to tant Colonialism in the Spanish Caribbean" ] not enough, we need to campaign for a be that of th e grape former. in the April iss ue, I felt uncomfortable. 1 o Christian co ncept of responsib le population i\lns. H. BounNES one enjoys ha ving part of his past paraded po licy, in the fami ly and in the wo rl d. Kalamazoo, i\lichign n by li fting up its mistakes so truthfu ll y as ELTON vVALTINcToN ~li ss Hageman has done. I cannot deny that Trujillo, Peru COMPASSIO N FOR FARMERS many people in Cuba were helped by the service programs of the churches, including I served fou r years at Poplar and am now CONGRATULATIONS ON MERGER at Lamont. I am perso nall y acquainted with the educational program of which I was a As a long time subscriber and longer time growers large part. Yet, as Miss Hageman reveals, most of and small in this area. Many reader of WOHLD OUTLOOK , I wish to add of them will have to quit farming due to our programs were unwittingly U.S.-ori­ my congratulations to those of your many th e cos t price squeeze, th eir net incon1e ented. fri ends on the success of the recent merger! being so pitifully small. ome of the i\ leth­ After the di sillusionment fo llowin g the triumph of Fidel Castro, it was onl y natural From the February issue on, I have sensed odists wryly ask, "\Vhere is the compassion with appreci ation an even stronger and the church has been teaching?" that the United States should become the broader ecumenical stance. Most meaningful No doubt th e United Farm \\'orkers are haven of those who were " fl eeing from com­ mergers bring just th at strength and breadth havi ng a hard time if they try to li ve on the rnunisrn." At times Christian leade rs were of viewpoint. For both I am grateful. I am union dole. I have a noti on th ey do find encouraged to leave Cuba and congratulated also glad that th e leadership of both church­ employment in non table grape farm work. upon th eir departure. Li ttle encouragement es did more than just talk about the value of Across th e street from the church here at was given those who chose to remain in Lamont they demonstrated las t yea r. Three Cuba and they were looked upon with sus­ merging. We need study and discussion, but years ago I am told they had about 150 but picion. action, mo ~ t of all now. the group dwindled every year and last I regret th at we did not give more Yes, in your own words you are "i nter­ season there were only 75. They yelled over "Cuban" ori entation to our programs. The preting the Christian mission today." We bull horns and the picker kept ri ght at their picture that Miss Hageman paints of the thank you. work never looking up. The grower told me church in Puerto Rico is that of th e church Through the Windows on th e United Na­ th at workers may come and go, he never in Cuba before the Revolution. This article tions I often get a glimpse of the "scattered asks a question of who they are or what they also appears at the time that we are trying world church." belong to. Three squad ca rs were parked to reassess our whole approach in all of the MARY D. FINCH there too but th e police never go t out. I Latin American countries, a study that has Allen Schoo l visited a bit with the strikers as I crossed the been postponed almost too long. Asheville, North Carolina lines. They stayed maybe an hour, long JOYCE HI LL enough to collect their pittance, and then 'ew York City SOME CRITICISMS went home. If they force the growers to go t\liss /-/ill is an executive secretary for Latin Having been a subscri ber to both 11 ew to oth er crops, what will they have proved, Ame ri ca, in the World Division of the and WORLD OUTLOOK, I have b en watching reall y? United M ethx list Board of t\lissions. with interes t the development of th e new In her article, Miss i\ lagalis may have combined publication. I was very excited been referring to the dedicated United Farm TIMELY ARTICLE ON CARIBBEAN about new and much less excited about \Vorker people who are out to change the I have read with interest the timely \•Vo11Lo OUT LOOK, so 1 was disappointed to agricultural es tablishment. Some of the pri­ article, "Protestant Colonialism in the rntely owned housing is below standards. I Spanish Caribbean. " I believP. that the re­ see the new publication come out in the am told at Poplar that housi ng th ere has search was well done on th e facts related to old \ VoRLD OUTLOOK format. Furthermore, improved radicall y the last year. I personally th e excessive influence exerted there by U.S . the first one or two issues contained so much ha\'e not seen what she describes in govern ­ Boards of National Missions. J. Merle Davis strictly Methodist material that I wondered ment housing. pointed this out as far back as 1942. I am how "ecumenical" the publication reall y RE V. CLAUDE A. BROW N quick to say th at some of the same paternal­ planned to be. Recent iss ues, however, have Lamont, Ca lifornia ism can be documented in the records of been better in thi respect. forei gn miss ion agencies as well. I hope that yo u wi ll work on articles which REALISTIC MISSION PRE SENTATION I know th at th e words "colony," "pietism" will more readily communicate to the aver­ I have read with great care the April issue and "paternalism" cause some feathers to be age churchman than 1nany in past issues of 1 of new/ \\ orld Outlook and am phenome­ raised. I only hope that we can all learn new/ World Outlook and WonLD OuT­ nall y impres;ed. It is one of th e most realis­ some lessons from churches in Cuba and LOOK. Rather consistent criticisms which I ti c and penetrating presentations of th e mi s­ Puerto Ri co to help us in mission at home have had of articles I have read over the past sion of the Church that I have seen. I par­ and in the Third World. i\ liss Hageman has year include these : ticularl y hope th at this magazine wi ll get posed some se ri ous questi ons to all of us I. Too long. 2. Too much technical voca­ into the hands of cl ergy and laymen in order involved in mission among 1-H spanic peoples bu lary, difficult for average churchman to to begin to com municate honestl v the nature in th e Hemisphere. comprehend, including specialized theologi­ of modern mis. ion . The laymen·, especiall y, j OHN 1-1 . S TNCLAIH have a right to know what this is and the New York Ci ty cal terms. 3. Ass umption that reader wi ll be fundamental questions th at are raised about The 1criter is regional secretary for L, atin fam ili ar with modern theological trends. old pattern,. I belie"e this parti cular iss ue, Ameiica, COEMAR , Tlie United Preshy­ ) UDITl-1 \VOODWARD '" tho'e in the future will con tinue to do so, te ric111 Church in the U.S. A . Urich, ~1 issouri 4 [ 324) Trillin reported in The New Yorker that That this feeling on the part of the investigators in Mississippi sponsored by middle-aged, middle-class majority the American Friends Service Committee should be so intense seems at first a Rel ieve the Oppressed and the Southern Regional Council "con­ mys tery. It is a much more hostile re­ The mos t recent reports from earth­ cluded that poor people and black peo­ action in tone than that given to the quake-shattered Peru indicate that re­ ple have been denied any influence in Blacks demanding their place in society, lief operations are running into an un­ the recovery effort by just about every who might seem to pose a greater threat. expected snag. The Andean Indians, who private and governmental agency in­ Psychologically, the mystery is not so have in the past been used as beasts of volved." That would include the Red great. The struggle of the Blacks is per­ burden and have sometimes been con­ Cross, the Small Business Administration, ceived as the traditional desire of various sidered to be less than human by Emo­ the Department of Housing and Urban ethnic groups in this "melting pot" of a pean descendants in Peru have been Development, insurance companies (the nation to get their share of the pie. This hiding their injured and orphaned. The real villains in the piece) and presum­ may be resented, but it is a normal part Indians fear that the blankets and medi­ ably religious agencies as well. The judg­ of the social process . (Whether this is cine will be used by Spanish-speaking ment may have been exaggerated and really an adequate explanation of racial Peruvians to extend further th eir domi­ may not apply equally to all agencies but conflicts in this country is a different nation of th e Indians . it is an accurate refl ection of the emo­ question. Nevertheless, it is an available The sudden independence of the Pe­ tions of people who feel they have been expl anation, and one that many people ruvian Indians-in a situation in which "used" when they were most vulnerable. are willing to accept. ) the outside observer would have ex­ Part of this feeling stems from the fact The dissatisfaction of students and the pected only warm and deferential grati­ that relief agencies tend to restore the young cannot be so easily explained tude-will come as a surprise and dis­ status quo. away. After all, they are supposed to be appointment to Americans accustomed There are, of course, all gradations the benefici aries of the system; it was for only to one reaction to charity. But the of need. Those who have been c'rushed them that many sacrifices were made. Indians may in fact realize what Amer­ by an immediate and total disaster, such They repudiate the system itself and cans do not : there is very little humani­ as a flood or earthquake, will ask few those who support it. They are, by defin­ tarianism in relief that is not in some ques tions when help first comes. This is ition, traitors. way political. This was most obviously as it should be and these immediate So at least the feeling goes, if not the true in the tragic experience of Nigeria needs should be met. Nor will indepen­ logic. One does not need to romanticize with the politics of reli ef. dence suddenly spring up where a the young (who are quite capable of do­ The new element in this picture is that centuries-long pattern of dependence ing that for themselves) to see this re­ "third world" people, who are the poor has been established. But in cases of action on the part of the middle- class as everywhere, will no longer tolerate the poverty, disease, and famine, where the essentiall y a defensive reaction. The misfortunes of nature, which they cannot needs are endemi c and long-term, the question is, why is so strong a defensive control, compounded by the denial by root of the suffering is most likely ex­ reaction call ed into being? their fellow men of control of their own ploitation and greed. There the poor in­ If the United States is the open so­ lives. creasingly demand control over their ciety it proclaims itself to be, then criti­ In this issue of the magazine a writer des tiny and a relationship of equality cism of any part of our way of life should with long experi ence in Vietnam claims with the givers. be part of our daily routine. Certainly that when th e guns have ceased, relief those citizens who call themselves Chris­ efforts will have to be drastically differ­ tians li ve by the conviction that they ent from past pattern s. Reli ef will have Why Do We Hate Our and their actions are continually under to be consciously non-political, for the Children ? judgment and that the most unlikely peo­ Vietnamese have had too much experi­ ple may be serving as agents of God in ence with reli ef which has been used Of all the divisions plaguing this na­ this respect. It is also their tradition that mainly to bolster the propaganda efforts tion in the age of polarization, none is to revere any nation or any system as ab­ of one side or the other. Furthermore, more hitter than the infamous (and mis­ solute is to commit idolatry. the days of the type of reli ef, secu Jar named ) "generation gap." This kind of perspective could be a and religious, which one discerning mis­ If ever a subject has been chewed up useful corrective to the intolerance of by the media, knocked about by th e press sionary has called "do-gooding, us­ those who can see onl y the wickedness theming, band-aiding, recipient-objecti­ and pulpit, exploited by politicians of all shades of opinion, and wrung dry by of current evils they wish eliminated. fying" are numbered. This kind of perspective cannot be 1or are overseas people the only ones assorted moralists ( including this maga­ to be wary of the politics of relief. After zine), surely the conflict in values and communicated, however, in an atmo­ Hurricane Camille, the editor of a news­ li fe styles between the great Am erican sphere of fea r and hatred and refusal to paper in Pass Christian, Mississ ippi, middle class and its children is that admit our own faults, which is what we which had been eighty-five percent de­ subject. The end res ult is an anger so now have. \Ve will cease to hate each stroyed, called for an inves tigati on of sullen in its ferocity as to erupt from oth er onl y when we lea rn to love our­ th e Am eri can Red Cross. And Calvin tim e to time in a murderous rage. selves.

~~No one knows w lien peace will come to tliis sail la11d of l?,000,000 people. W lie11 it does co111e, lio1vever, the task of reconstr1ictio11 will be great."

"I am 25 years old. I was born in about by the ambitious and often un­ wrtr and my father died from the war. ethical politicians of South Vietnam. My famil y is torn apart by t11 e war. No one knows when peace will come You ask me what I want? I want to this sad land of 17,000,000 people. peace. I don't want to die or to kill in When it does come, however, the task a war of brother against brother. I of reconstruction will be great. The - want to stop hiding from the draft and land must be put back into produc­ raise a family . . . ." tion; canals, roads, and houses must "We want to grow rice without fear be rebuilt; people who have fought of soldiers rushing through or air­ each other for 25 years must settle planes dropping bombs and medicine down peacefully as neighbors; world (defoliants) that kills our plants . ..." markets for rubber, rice ::md tea must "The number of dead and wounded be developed again; the generation increases every day and reaches to­ gap, intensified by war, must be wards a million .. . . For the sake of closed. the survival of the Viet?,amese people we are eager for peace. Problems of Reconstruction These are the voices of Vietnamese "I will sell fish and shrimp when the responding to my question : what do war is over," claims Miss Ngoc, who you want after the war? Farm people works at the Blue Angel Bar in Vung with fa ces browned by the Asian sun Tau. But will she? An 18-year-old and eye wearied by the ex tra work mother of two Am erasian children, caused by the absence of sons off to she is one of approximately 200,000 the war. Young, intense students at bar girls, prostitutes and temporary th e University of Saigon give the same wives who will be out of a job when answer: "vVe want peace. You do the war is over. Now making the nothing by talking about reconstruc­ equi va lent of US $400 to 500 a month, ti on unless yo u also work to achi eve will she be willing to go back to the peace." fa rm to plant rice and earn $20 a l\l os t Vietn amese are fa r more inter­ month? es ted in being left alone to grow their The woman who sells coconut milk ri ce th an they are in political ide­ and yoghurt in front of the Blue An gel ologies. Communism, democracy, so­ doesn't think so. cialism, capitalism, neutralism have "The girls who work in the bars become meani ngless terms bandied won't go back to the ri ce paddies or [327] 7 even be willing to work in the factor­ movement. Twelve years ago, only ies," she said. "I don't know what about 2 per cent of the Vietnamese they'll do. But I don't want my son to li ved in urban areas, now the figure is marry one of them." about 50 per cent. Saigon has become Where will the million men in the the world's most densely populated Saigon army and the 300,000 in the city, with twice as many people per NLF a1my find employment? And the square mile as Tokyo. Without the in­ 130,000 people now working in Ameri­ come from foreign soldiers, the cities can offices? While considerable train­ could not support half this popula­ ing has been given by the army and tion. This is especially true of South by contractors, it has not produced a Vietnam which, while extremely rich balanced work force. There will be too in agricultural potential, has no many typists, interpreters, bar girls, known important mineral resources. soldiers, shoeshine boys, cooks, drivers, Moving substantial numbers of peo­ and money-changers for an agricul­ ple back to the farm will not only re­ tural country to support. lieve the overcrowding in the city but One million children who lost at also help to rebuild the family struc­ least one parent will be des titute when ture. there are no longer foreign soldiers "The people have been torn from with shoes to shine, cars and trucks to their land, their buffalo, and all the watch and wash, pockets to be picked, things they know well," claims Miss Over 2,000 people have built their and who will give a few piastres for Thanh, a sociology student who is one homes among the tombstones of an pimping. old cemetery in Saigon. American and of the few members of Saigon's intel­ Vietnamese social workers have inau­ lectual circle with a farm background. gurated a headstart education pro­ Return to the Fann "They are concentrated in refugee gram , literacy classes, sewing classes One of the most important post-war camps; the men are in one army or and social services. priorities will be a back-to-the-farm the other; the old women build roads and the young ones work in the bars and brothels; the children beg and shine shoes. Separated from familiar surroundings and the authority of father and older brothers, the family br aks apart." Most Vietnamese feel the older peo­ ple will return to the fa rms, but many youth will stay in the cities. If they are unable to find jobs, as seems likely, they will add to the difficulties of urban government. Another reason Vietnamese em­ phasize the back-to-the-farm move­ ment is that it encourages a develop­ ment of the whole community rather than continual relief. "The best solution to the problem of orphans is to strengthen the village so children can be taken care of by relatives and the village in the tradi­ tional Vietnamese fashion,'' an econo­ mist told me. "It will take six months to grow the first rice crop and undoubtedly the This Japan ese 1111rse of th e Asian farmers will need help,'' says a Viet­ Christian Service teaches n11trition namese professor of agriculture. "But thro11 gh 7mppets which she made don't continue to give hand-outs. herself. Make sure there is a price tag of so many days of labor paid for each bag of ·rice. In that way a canal can be dug and the people will not lose their self-respect."

Responsibility of Foreign Organization "Our country will be better off with no foreign aid at all after the war," claims one respected Vietnamese economist. "We must tighten our belts and live on two bowls of rice a day. The West is destroying us with its handouts of bulgar wheat, cooking oil, flour, tin roofing, and advice on how to grow rice, how to make peanut but­ ter, how to control inflation .... You have destroyed our initiative and self­ confldence." By accepting large amounts of aid right after a ceasefire a false prosperity could be created-one that would pop like a soap bubble when the West's war sympathy wore out. "Then the people would blame the government, saying the lack of luxuries was due to poor government plan­ ning,'' the economist warns. "When the war ends, Vietnamese will be pre­ pared to tighten their belts. Only then can we make the courageous decision to do it on our own." Many Vietnamese would agree. Foreign aid to date has done little more than give handouts, build roads primarily for military purposes, and [329] 9 increase the desire for luxuries like television, air-conditioning and Johnny Walker whisky. True we have trained thousands of Vietnamese in vVes tern universities, but there are more Vietnamese doctors in France than in Vietnam. We have brought "Miracle Rice" from the Philippines (Below) This teacher is a member of the "New Life Mo i:e ment," w lz o feel but defoliated the countryside. Our that the Vietnamese must be res ponsible for tl1 e revival of tl1 eir co rmtry . (Bottom, right) Don Luce, the author. (Left) Sh oe shine boys, riding with urbanization of the population has an off-duty GI, are helped by Asian Christian Service and tlz e W orld Council alienated it from the countryside. of Churches. (Opposite page) Structure for new housin g was provided by This is said not in a spirit of bitter­ American churches through Church W orld Service. ness but to prepare us for the fact that when the war is over, the Vietnamese may not want any more of our "help." An official of the NLF's Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRC ) said: "The PRC is anxious to receive aid from any country-even including the United States. But we will not ac­ cept aid with political strings at­ tached." In Saigon, many people felt a need for aid that helps people-"not handouts, not advice designed to pro­ mote some foreign vested interest that make us a political football in the in­ ternational soccer game." Aid should be channelled through Vietnamese organizations. There are 35 foreign voluntary agencies in Viet­ nam today, only one with a Vietnam­ ese director. Little voice in pro­ gram and policy development is given to the Vietnamese. Vietnamese volunteerism has re­ ceived heavy blows from both its own government and outside organizations. Groups that are successful soon find themselves increasingly under the thumb of the Saigon government. For­ eign voluntary agencies with their su­ perior financial resources discourage local groups. They tend to "take over" social welfare services, development projects and the building of orphan­ ages. Little room is left for fledgling local groups to get started. In the tiny thatch huts of Ha Lan, Gia Kiem, My Due and thousands of other hamlets , peasants are talking about their future after the war. "I shall buy a buffalo," says one. "I will plant rubber trees in the area near the hill," says another. Others talk of the possibilities of a rice co-operative. Reconstruction? The Vietnamese prefer to speak of peace and recon­ ciliation-love among brothers; a time when there will be no war-that world 0 Don Luce spent 10 years working in of dreams which seems so far away. Vietnam, most of them wi th International Then will come the time of rebuilding. Volu ntary Service which he directed from 1961 to 1967. He speaks Vietnamese and is We must wait until they tell us how co-author of a book Vietnam- the Unhea rd we can be of help. When that time Voices (Cornell University Press, 1969 ). comes, will we be humble enough to He is now on the staff of the World Council of Churches. give the kind of assistance they ask? • 10 (330)

AsSpiro Agnew would say if you've seen one Community Organization you've seen 'em all. And as in many of Agnew's apo­ thegms, there would be some truth and some untruth. What is a community organization? The following definition can't be put in your Funk and Wagnalls. Community Organi zation is a) a generally broke organization located in a depressed area (formerly an "un­ desirable neighborhood") trying to organize the poor; b ) a storefront op­ eration which goes in for murals and mimeographs, has a big telephone bill, and may be th e only store on the block that isn"t boarded up; c) not to be con­ fu sed with the YWCA, Welcome Wagons, Your Fortune Told Through Tea Leaves and Palm Reading, the local Democratic headquarters, or a miss ion church; d ) sometimes funded by the Ford Foundation or liberal re­ ligious denominations who want to "do something about race and pov­ erty"; e) usually the subject of some controversy, and may not be doing its job if it isn't; f ) doesn't know what the new Tax Reform Act really means. There are scores of dynamic and workable community organizations around the United States now and there is probably no one person who has visited all of them. But if you've visi ted just one you can't avoid the impression that solutions just don't seem to grow as fast as the problems. Also, the people who are part of the solution seem so few in comparison to the society that is part, if not all, of the problem. A visitor is exhilarated and depressed at the same time. Church agencies which want to sup­ port community organi zations can do so through the Interreligious Founda­ tion for Community Organization ( IFCO ). Founded in 1966, IFCO now has a membership of twenty-five CHARLES E. BREWSTER church agencies, including the Na- u've .ti on

ipo. ruth

ion? put

) a 1ted Representative of the broad spectrum of community organizations funded by IFCO are (left to right), Durham's United Organiza­ 'un. tion for Community Improvement, Howard Fuller's Malcolm X Liberation University, and Reynaldo de la Crnz's STACO. to op. tional Division of the United Method­ all of which, like FCD, are controlled who presumably aren't covered by the ind ist Board of Missions, the Board of by poor people and are programmed new act. iii!, Christian Social Concerns, and the to redistribute profits from such things Garrett points out that there are no ock United Presbyterian Board of Na­ as cooperative superm arkets back into housing codes in some communities so on. tional Miss ions. Recent drop-outs, the community. one of the first activities is to push for •me were two agencies of the Presbyterian Critics charge that if these commu­ new codes and standards. That means tgh U.S. Church. Altogether, IFCO has nity organizations stuck to day care new legislation. "These activities lead the granted $2.6 million to more than one centers, neighborhood cleanup cam­ you into the political process," he says, r a hundred community organizations in paigns, and credit unions there would "and the community organization that led all corners of the states. be no problem, but instead they "get tries to avoid politics is not a commu­ re. IFCO's executive director is the political" and try to influence legisla­ nity organization. The tax reform act to Rev. Lucius Walker, Jr. He has eight ton. The tax laws have long prohibited means organizations such as that can­ ~V· other staff executives and four clerical charitable organizations from devot­ not do anything to influence politics." me employees in the modest and garishly ing a large part of their activity to in­ Another activity popular with commu­ its painted (black and green) offices at fluencing legislation, but the new law, nity organizations, voter registration, :he the Interchurch Center. If, as some passed last December, [see box, p. 16] is also thought to be a "political ac­ peo).'Jl e say, IFCO is trying to "take intends to restrict all such activities. tivity." "If you engage in these activi­ nd over" the Christian Church it would The result is that FCD, like most ' ties,'' Garrett thinks, "they will revoke ins be a major coup, indeed. community organizations, will have to your private foundation status." nd Recently, IFCO sponsored three decide if it wants to continue to take But no one really knows that yet ho tours to community organizations in the money and cut out the "politics," because the new law hasn't been ve tested. The result is that much tradi­ the South, Mid-West and Northeast. or keep on in political activity and go he tional community organization activ­ This reporter went on only one be­ broke. It's a dilemma. n't if ity is in limbo. The focus is more than cause you've seen one, you've. "Our board's power to make deci­ lS. Oh, well. ever before on such organizations as he sions,'' says Nathan Garrett, "has been IFCO which are not in the category drastically reduced. At one point in a to Dilemma in Durham of a private foundation. And, in the of The Foundation for Community meeting we almost told the Ford fin al analysis, it may be as Garrett ed Development in Durham, North Foundation to take its money else­ says, that "what you can get away Carolina has received more than where. FCD could have voted to go with is a judge's interpretation." P· $290,000 from the Ford Foundation out of business ." In the meantime, United Durham, lo via IFCO. Led by articulate and Ivy­ The poor people, Garrett continues, Inc., another project of FCD, can pull a­ League-educated Nathan Garrett [see are the ones hardes t hit by this new out its blueprints of the co-op super­ in WORLD OUTLOOK, June, 1969] the legislation because "foundation sup­ market and show you that here will w Foundation for Community Develop­ port for low income people has been be the cash registers, and here the t'e ment has sponsored eleven other com­ knocked out. vVe either must raise the frozen foods, and here mothers can a- munity organizations around the state, money ourselves or from churches," leave their children while they shop, and right there at the cash register "I don't think any of us ever under­ people who make less than $3,000 a stood the magnitude of our oppres­ year will get discounts on the spot. sion,'' says Fuller, who started out las t An elderly black man will confess year with forty-eight students and that being on the planning board of now has thirty. "The idea for the uni­ the supermarket has been the most versity," he says, "started in March of meaningful thing of his entire life. 1969 after blacks at Duke sought a

Pan-Africanism in Durham Supermarkets are still not suspect institutions in American society, de­ spite the rise of consumer militants. But universities are something else. And when a university is led by a black sociologist who teaches his stu­ dents the virtues of separatism it is very easy to charge that this is racism in reverse. Black Studies program and took over Malcolm X Liberation University in the administration building." ( Fuller Durham, N.C., may not even be a su­ is widely credited with leading the permarket of ideas, much less a uni­ peaceful evacuation of the building versity, but it is a grantee of the Inter­ reli gious Foundation for Community and being a res training force against Organization, getting $15,000 this violence in civil rights demonstra­ year. It also got $45,000 from the tions.) Courses at the· university, he Episcopal Executive Council. Un­ explained, are largely what they fortunately, our tour did not include a wanted in the Black Studies program visit to the two-story red and green they couldn't get at Duke-African brick building that is the "university." civilization and Swahili (as well as There was time only for a talk with French and Speech ), and an emphasis director Howard Fuller and two of his on training community workers by students (I suspect the loyalty of one going to the community. "We want to State Senator Barbara Jordan says: student; she wore a "Duke" sweat­ get as many involved in this kind of "This is a rich state in terms of per­ shirt ). learning situation,'' he says. sonal resources . . . but the only state in the union which has a ceiling on the amount which can be spent on poor people." (Below) Most community organiza­ tions are concerned with blueprints and housing codes rather than rhetoric.

14 (334] tder. It is not quite a white man's place to POWER is a group in Beaumont, ires. argue with Fuller about what the Texas, which is receiving a modest last Black stud nt really needs today. And subsidy of $10,000 from IFCO. and Fu lier is, after a II, a trained sociologist. They're also getting $26,000 from the Uni. He has had his running arguments Sam Wylie Foundation, which is gen­ hof with Dr. Ralph Bunche, who is less erally regarded as a conserva ti ve Re­ Jt a than enthusiastic about the current publican foundation. Their spokesmen emphasis on "Black Studies." It is not at Houston were neither as nattily Swahili but cybernetics that the black dr ssed nor as articulate as Allen, but student needs, is the commonly heard th ey came across anyway. "The real th sis. "My position," says Full er, "is need is that the people have a control," that technology is neutral. If you are said Mr. Theophilus Thomas, "Hous­ oriented toward property and private ing in Beaumont is horrible. The thing gain then technology will not be used we are about is organi zing black peo­ by you for the people." And he has ple to have a say in decision making al o had his arguments with D r. Ken­ on housin g. Se we've had a voter regis­ neth Clark, a strong opponent of black tration effort, which we think was fair­ 1ver separatism. Fuller's posi tion is that ly successful." He went on to describe .Iler MXLU must be "an alternative to the va rious troubles that they've had, such the existing sys tem of education for as losing their VISTA workers because ung blacks." a judge said the vo ter registration they inst The result is that Fuller's approach is "geared toward the analys is of the tra­ existing political, social and economic he sys tems and all the institutions of col­ ney oni zing societies which negatively in­ am flu ence the thinking of black people." :an as Of Hope and Power lSis HOPE in Houston is the archetypal were engaged in was a political ac­ Tony Orendain quotes Mexican pro­ by community organization and has prob­ tivity. verbs to support indigenous commu­ to ably received more rave notices than nity organizing: "For th e peg to really of any group funded by IFCO. In two ST ACO in the Rio Grande Valley be abl?, to tighten it has to be the same years it has also received $143,125 in Reynaldo de la Cruz is the president wood. grants, making it one of the larges t as well as the first of IFCO's grantees. HOPE is headed by a black United Methodist minister, Rev. Earl Allen, who is also the President of IFCO. There is no denying HOPE's success [see January issue of Together for a full account]. Its range of programs ~oes all the way from job training to consumer education, and they keep plugging away despite a heavy dose of realism. "We trained people in com­ puter programming," says Allen, ''but they couldn't get hired. Not one we trained received a job. The proof of the pudding is how many of those folks are working." "How do you help people get into decision-making positions?" asks Allen. His answer is to put the em­ phasis on black self-determination. 'We made the decision," he says, "not to play the game of trying to convince people about 'how many folks have you helped this week?'" Nevertheless, he admits that, reality being what it is, there have to be some success stories. "But you don't get community control and self-determination by getting on a soap box and whooping and holler­ ing." of the South Texas Association of THE TAX REFORM ACT munity organizations on the tour has Community Organizations ( STACO ) The Tax Reform Act of 1969 in­ faced as much local opposition as has and of Colonias del Valle, one of the cludes many provisions regarding the ST ACO, which is receiving a grant organizations in the association. He work of foundations. But only two of this year of $25,000 from IFCO. The and his friends represent the IFCO those provisions are likely to affect first thing the tour people heard-and principle of "maximum feasible par­ the work of community organizations from people generally sympathetic to ticipation of the poor" and as long as receiving foundation funds. the goals of ST ACO-is that there_ they stay in the organizing business In the case of voter registration, the hasn't been enough effort to involve they'll always be poor. new law approves the use of founda­ both the "have" and "have-not" com­ The organizations in ST ACO have tion funds where such activity is munities in the Rio Grande valley. not been at a loss for issues around carried on in five or more states by a "I am concerned," said a Roman which to rally poverty-stricken non-partisan charitable organization Catholic priest known for his commit­ Chicanos. The Mexican-American which does not get more than twenty­ ment to the poor, "that this operation five per cent of its support from any Youth Organization has organized of funding from the North also try countless demonstrations against in­ one exempt organization. Thus, the to involve churches here, so that the ferior education in predominantly Southern Regional Council, which churches here see this as Christ's Mexican-American schools; their ef- carries on voter registration activity work. What is it we are doing as widely, would be eligible, but the church people to get attitudes Foundation for Community Develop­ changed? If you are going to break ment in North Carolina would not. rr;:~co~n' communication and become estranged from another part of the Church, I The intent of the law is to protect po­ 1}4- · ~ ()iwu)iu... litical candidates from the sudden in­ think that your efforts are not as much as they should be." trusion of tax-exempt money into a M­ political campaign; but it obviously Auit ~ fkJ'- Encouraged, the priest went on, hurts all but a few civil rights organi­ C ~ w~ , 11 obviously voicing the. frustrations of zations. many. "What is it you're doing on a The law also prohibits private mental and spiritual level to attack the problem as Christ's people?" But then foundation funds to support work that forts have been rewarded with several might "influence legislation." The law he turned the focus back to the valley. long-overdue reforms. They also con­ "I want you to keep coming down, to has always prohibited a "substantial" ducted an intensive voter registration amount of funds from a charitable or­ support STACO. What you are doing campaign which culminated in the [meaning IFCO) is to commit us to ganization for this activity; but the election of Mexican-American officials new law restricts all such activity. action. It's a shame the church in the for the first time in predominantly valley hasn't done more than it has." Mr. McGeorge Bundy, president of Mexican-American South Texas towns. the Ford Foundation, says this part of Another priest, Father Mike Allen, The United Farm Workers Organizing who works with university students, the new language "presents particu­ Committee has a daily radio program larly sensitive questions of interpreta­ said that what seems to be needed is with all kinds of advice for migrant more education. "People need help to tion." He adds: "Clearly it is not in the farm workers. It pulls in letters with public interest that private founda­ understand that a man's sweat is such comments as "I appreciate this worth something. Anytime ST ACO tions should engage in the activities program because it gives me courage that most of us have in mind when we attempts to organize a community to write you without fear." Colonias there is trouble. Any minister who has talk of lobbying, propaganda, and de! Valle is itself a coalition of organi­ electioneering. But in the present-day spoken up got kicked out. I don't zations trying to improve the wretched know what the answer is as far as world, where all manner of issues re­ conditions of many of the "colonias," late to government, there is almost no speaking to the community, but there or neighborhoods. is a sort of cynicism about outside subject a foundation touches that may On the other hand, none of the com- not sooner or later have an effect on groups." legislation." In the end, the group decided that Foundations which receive more it was up to local people to affect a than one third of their support from change in attitudes. All IFCO can d? churches, such as IFCO, are excluded is provide support for the local orgam­ from the new law's provisions. Private zation. foundations, however, cannot be re­ Rev. Ted Crout had something like lieved of the new restrictions by giv­ a "conversion experience" last year ing through church foundations; there after he realized "you could spend is still an "expenditure responsibility." your whole life being anxious about The new law obviously increases something and never really do any­ the importance of IFCO and church thing about it." He is now on the money in critical civil rights activity. Spanish-speaking Task Force, has the But until the constitutionality of the specifi c backing of the ministerial provisions of the new law is tested in leadership in the Spanish-speaking the courts much community organiza­ churches in the area, and spends a lot tion and foundation activity, including of time with a health care clinic ser­ that of IFCO, will be uncertain and in vicing poverty-stricken Chicanos. He limbo. C.E.B. also attempts to interpret the self-de- termining efforts of people like Tony Orendein and Reynaldo de la Cruz to the Anglo establishment in the Church. " ow," he says, "even some of the church s that were most opposed to it (the health care center, which is also backed by the United Farm Workers) are slowly beginning to break away and reassess the whole thing. Some of nan the churches have invited Tony Oren­ nit. dein to come to young adult Sunday ion school class. It is a most unnerving try thing for them to meet him and dis­ the cover that he doesn't have horns and ist's is a sensitive human being and has a real intuitive understanding of human as des need at a basic level. It undoes a lot of the vague opposition that was eak based on generalities, and biases." ied It would be nice if we could all take 1, l the tim to discover that the other 1ch side, whichever it is, doesn't have horns. But in the meantime the poor on, remain poor and the time is getting of hort. FCD, MXLU, HOPE, STACO, 13 POWER and others are not acronyms the of animosity but vehicles for redeem­ 1en ing the time. ey. The United Presbyterian Board of to afamal Missions has this to say of ing IFCO: to "IFCO's major role is that of a the broker between donors and receiving agencies-no easy job in this mutually en, suspicious era .. .. The broker has to its, have the confidence of the constitu­ . is ents that decisions are made fai rly to and with adequate representation is from those being served as well as ~ o those offering aid. . . . On occasion, ity IFCO will take positions that may ap­ 1as pear more militant than any of its re­ .n't ligious agency members would prefer as if they alone dictated the stance. ~ r e But this is a risk of the equal par­ de ticipation by donors and community constituents alike that is crucial to 1at maintaining IFCO's effectiveness and :a its credibility as a broker, without do which neither party would be able to ni· achieve its own basic aims." Dr. Paul Stauffer, a former treasurer and now an IFCO vice-President and Murals, such as this ane in process at HOPE, INC ., are as important as m imeographs

~ar an executive of the ational Division in the drive far self-determination. nd of the United 1ethodist Board of Mis­ 1Ut sions, likes to say that nothing gave I)" him greater pleasure last year than to he write the checks for these community he organizations. ial Those checks may be the last hope ng for non-violent change in the life of lot th e poor. They may also be the only

~r· communications the Church has left ~ e with the disinherited of this country. • le· [337] 17 WDMEN!IS PbllfE INT ECHllRC W hat is the place of women in tween the functions of men and the Church today? women and the duties appropriate to Peggy: I'm a member of staff of a each. woman's organization in the Church, Now a lot of ~eople complain that and we're constantly concerned with women's organizations in local this question. Traditionally, women churches are too strong and we have been assigned caretaker func­ shouldn't have separate activities. I tions. In the local church, for example, maintain that when a church is really the women have always made the cof­ in mission and everybody has the op­ fee and the men are always on the portunity to participate, there won't Peggy Billings board of trustees. We've been asked to be the need for separate organizations raise money and supply labor for the and they won't exist. activities and mission of the church. Emily: This discussion takes place in Then, when we've done that, we've the context of Presbyteri an and United been asked to get out of the way. And Methodist congregational churches, the decisions will be made by others which have traditionally been some­ and the direction of mission will be what more open toward women. Then carried on by others. I sense a real we have to look at churches such as frustration on the part of traditional the Lutheran, Episcopal and Roman women in the traditional organization Catholic. In them, there are not only with that kind of role-much more so the de facto obstacles you find in with more radical women. churches which are not in mission, but also the de jure obstacles. There's be­ Do you find that in your church, ginning to be a movement in the Epis­ Jane? copal Church (my denomination ) to Jane: My experience in American get women ordained. We'd like to get churches has been for less than a year. a motion on the floor of the convention My husband, Pharis, and I go to Jud­ this fall that would allow women to son Church in Greenwich Village. I participate in all the orders of minis­ don't feel any conRict in role, because try. But you can see how far back we of the church being what it is and be­ are. If that motion is passed this sum­ cause I am who I am. Judson Church mer-and that's not clear-it will still is the body of Christ, a conscious com­ be three years before it can go into effect. So we're talking about the mid­ munity of Christians, in the way a lot Participants in the discussion were Miss seventies before it will even be legal of other churches are not. I am a per­ Peggy Billings, an executive of the Wom­ for a woman to serve in any of the son in that church, not particularly a en's Division of the United Methodist. woman with a woman's role. higher capacities in the Episcopal Church. Board of Missions; Jane (Mrs. Pharis) Harvey, of Dumont, New Jersey, who What kinds of roles do women was a missionary in Japan for five years, have at Judson Church? Are there more opportunities for and Emily Hewitt (Mrs. Lynn Cun­ Jane: I think women have been con­ women in the United Methodist ingham), a candidate for the Th.D. scious that certain "roles" have been or United Presbyterian churches degree at Union Theological Seminary in relegated, so they avoid these. Often, because they can become minis­ New York City. for instance, the men make the coffee ters? Associate editor Ellen Clark interviewed and help with the children. I come Peggy: There aren't any legal or ec­ them. from a background of Christian edu­ clesiastical blocks to a woman becom­ cation work and it's always the women ing an ordained minister. However, all who educate the children Christianly the weight of tradition is still against and seldom the men. I was never in you. It's one thing to graduate and be any kind of Christian experience in a ordained. It's another thing to get an church in which a father was a team appointment, a meaningful ministry. I with a mother. I think in our experi­ think women have had that difficulty ence now, this is not the case. We are and some of them just pull up stakes human beings in that particular situa­ and move on to do other things. I tion-and not simply men or women. think in the United Methodist Peggy: It seems to me that in those Church people are still not at home local congregations which have al­ with women ministers. ready gotten a sense of mission, all the Jane: When I was making plans to go false lines have been obliterated be- to seminary-of course this was in the (339] 19 dark, dim past-again and again the think women have to construct a the­ Does anyone think Christianity counseling I got was stick with Chris­ ology which will recognize that only has been oppressive of women? tian Ed. That's the function of women. part of the story has been told about Peggy : If you refu se to separate the You just don't get mixed up in this human progress and human possibili­ cultural as pects of Jesus' ministry and theological bit. And I recall how I ties. As women we can hide behind his own li fe style from the root of the listened to this counseling. I call it into what Christi anity traditionally has put Gospel, then one would be led to think question now, but not then. up as the ideal of self-sacrifice, think that women don't have as much right we're doing everything right, and find as men do. For example, Jesus did How much do you think the out, under closer scrutiny, that what choose twelve disciples, all of whom teachings of Paul have been an we've in fact done is avoided being happened to be male. He was followed obstacle to women achieving a· called into being ourselves. by a wide variety of women, but he higher place in the church? didn't see fit to choose any of those Peggy: I have nothing to say about women to be in his inner circle of con­ Paul. fid antes. Well, what does that say to a woman? What does that say to a Nothing good? man? It makes a man feel pretty good. Emily: Paul was a prisoner of his cul­ It would make a woman feel pretty ture; we all are. He begins to break bad. out of it in Galatians 3:28 where he Still, you've got the other bit. It was says there is neither Jew nor Greek, a woman who was first at the tomb slave nor free, male nor female in .and she was the one who believed Jesus Christ. This is as close as he what she saw. Well, no one's ever comes to breaking out of it. There are dealt with that. plenty of other comments, including But I don't think we can now go the "house rules": "Women, be sub­ back and straighten out what hap­ missive to your husbands," "Slaves, be pened in that first century. I think the submissive ..." And when you see thing to do is to construct a theology that "Slaves, be submissive," you know adequate for human beings in the that that was one of those lists of rules twentieth century. that would have been appropriate in first-century Mediterranean culture What can women do? and cannot determine theology in the Emily: I think a lot of women should twentieth century. be ordained. Most members of the This was brought home to me quite Church are women. Who is going to clearly in an article by Valerie Gold­ be able to minister to their problems? stein in Journ al of Religion some years I presume a man or a woman. But at ago. She points out that a lot of least a woman can do this-not only a twentieth-century theology is con­ man can do this- which is the pre­ cerned with what we might call male sumption we have been operating problems-that is to say, aggression, under. dominance, the will to power. One thinks of suburban alcoholism Now I don't think this is a particu­ or of the sense of middle age when larly feminine problem or feminine Jane Harvey many women think th ere's no point to sin. But I do think there are feminine li fe-people who have drifted away sins. And one of the places where the from the academic environment, who church fa ils is in not calling women have had several children who have into question on things which are real­ What Christian understandings grown up. Husband has a job. There ly their own sins, such as not maintain­ are most helpful to a woman u;ho they are. It seems to me the church ing your own identity; weakness; sub­ wants to be "liberated" and deal might have something to say to th ese missiveness; not having "a room of constrncti vely with the issues? people. I doubt very much it's being one's own"; not maintaining intel­ Jane: It's basicall y what the Christian said now. lectual integrity; pettiness; triviali ty; faith is all about. Christ was a person. Peggy: There are at least two things gossip. Male theology does absolutely He ta ught us how to be human beings. that women mi ght do. One has al­ nothing to call us into question on But the society has told us that we're ready been mentioned: going into the what I think are our real problems. I sub-human in so many ways. ministry and other fu nctions in th e 20 [ 340) fy ft( ) he id ~ ie ik ht ifU id m ~d _± ie >e Q· to H a d. ty

lS - b d ~ r • ;o 8' l· 1e y 1e TOWN IRD KEVERL.

d This poster from Hong Kong shows th e worldwide nature of questions about women's role . .e 0 ;? Church in large numbers. The other pie are turning over in their minds. I This is hogwash. Certainly the culture 1t possibility-and I must admit, some­ am still, obviously, at the point where of different countries in Africa is pos­ times it has certain attractions-is that I feel that the Church has some rele­ ing real challenges to the Church in women would decide that if the vance at strategic points to particular its definition of Christian fa mily life. Church was not able to address itself issues I'm interested in . This is precisely the reason why to their needs in a meaningful way, single persons in the United States fe el so ill at ease in most churches, because n they would simply go elsewhere- as Can Christian women discuss many of the younger women (and there isn't any real acceptance of the some of the more controversial single person in the ordi nary congre­ men ) are now doing. things women's liberation is con­ But one does get a feeling that gation. black people sometimes have: that cerned about? Do we feel that Emily: The fa ct is that it's not just just at the point when the Church is there is a certain Christian under­ limited to women. The Church has ~ standing of the family and sex­ had very little to say about many e suffering its most severe institutional uality and the role of mother and other ways people have found to ex­ h crisis, it begins to get concerned about other people. Well, do you want to so on that can't be tampered press their humanness, for example, get on a sinking ship? Is it worth with? homosexuality. The Church has been the effort to storm the gates of the Peggy: Well, I think that what you one of the most oppressive institutions Church to get in , only to find out that have is the Ameri can cultural pattern . regarding homosexuali ty. Likewise, church is not a relevant institution We've taken the nuclear family unit of the Church has had nothing to say to to the issues you're concern ed about? the American culture and this has single women over thirty. I think that's a question a lot of peo- been made into "Christian family life." Peggy: I think that, even when the (341] 21 Emily Hewitt Can anyone speak about Church cause of our biological functions, we Women United? therefore will do this and this and we Peggy: I see a lot of new growth will not do that and that. By not hav­ there. I think Church Women United ing child-care centers that everyone has been moving from organization to can afford , our culture has said to us movement. They've been consciously that our place is in the home and we seeking relationship with young wom­ must stay there, whether we like it or en and it's turned out to be very im­ not. portant. Emily, do you believe that wom­ Jane, what would happen to you en who have not had the training if you wanted to change your life that you have had, in seminary style? and so on, feel that you are not Jane: I feel as if I am changing my one with them? life-s tyle. Having just come from Emily: Well, it's a terrific fight to be Japan, fr om a different society, hav ing one with anyone in this society who's lived in a small country town in Japan, different from you- black/ white, Pharis and I had often let the culture male/ female, had two years more of there say some things about our mar­ college or one year less. It's a very , riage and our life, which had gradual­ very stratified society. One thing wom­ ly seeped into our life style; we had to en must address themselves to, with confront these when we got back. great seriousness, is how to build com­ Then, there was that awesome culture munity among women who, by pre­ shock of being thrown into this society vious definitions, would be in different again with four small children. I dis­ roles and at different levels-how to Church is not overtly oppressive, it covered from th e ensuing crisis that I keep some unity as we attempt to has unconsciously supported the so­ had often been freer to do what I move forward. ciety in its oppression of some of the wanted to do in Japan because I was I think we've believed we can do people you've been talking about. For teaching my children at home-it's less than we can. I think the Church example, nobody protests when the something I had always dreamed of has helped persuade us that's the case. government fires a homosexual. doing, teaching, and something I And I think women must begin to say loved. to each other, and to the women who Do you think women's societies Anyway, it was perhaps the greatest are coming along in colleges and high can be a focal point for change? shock of our entire ten years together. schools, that we can do it. And if that Are they discussing these kinds But hopefully it gave us the fr eedom means being married, th at's fin e. And of issues? to rehash some of the things that had if that means not being married, that's Peggy: Some of them are, and at happened to us in Japan, to reaffirm fin e also. And if that means being a many different levels. Many women the fa ct that they had been the most doctor, that's fine . We've got to-in locally are discussing intelligently not meaningful years of our lives, and to the language of the movement-get only these issues but many others­ try to discover why it is often so diffi­ ourselves together. But not just our­ abortion reform, the proper kind of cult being in the Dumont, N.J., type selves-different people who are in sex educa tion. It's always surprising to suburb in the home when my hus­ different levels of the social stratifica­ see what li fe and vitality there are band is away so much. tion. I think it's very important that among women of all ages. I don't think What you said, Emily, is so harshly we try to keep bridges open. it's possible to take this vitality and true. Women out there really feel the Jane: Emily, we should have you mold it into any kind of national pinch. I feel the pinch, but I know of preach a sermon about Adam and movement-it's too loose. But coali­ so many women who are at the point how, after Adam and God were alone tions which are loose are often very of utter despair, who find it so repres­ in the garden, Eve came along and effective. sive to be told by the society that be- took God's place. •

THE UNSILENT MAJORITY without regard to sex or marital status. A caucus at the November convention of the Notional At the A merican Baptist Convention in May, the women Council of Churches stated that the church "has shown no threatened a floor fight next year if a woman is not nomi­ propensity to transcend culture as regards the status of wom­ nated for the convention presidency. en, although it knows that it ought. Indeed, the church has Two months earlier, the Board of Directors of the women 's too often maintained anachronistic attitudes and practices organization of the Lutheran Church in America called on the long ofter other institutions hove begun to shift." church to change its doctrines and admit women to the A task force on women reported to the United Presbyterian ministry. General Assembly in May that, while there are no legal Even Romon Catholic women are speaking up. At the or­ obstacles to full participation by women, de facto discrimi­ ganizing meeting of the National Assembly of Women Reli­ nation against women in the church is widespread . "Some gious in April, Sister Albertus Magnus McGrath drew applause metaphors of the church such as bride, mother or family are when she replied to a priest: " Father says this is a clerical misleading today," the group's report wryly noted. " The church . I say it's a male church . There is a presumption with church is first of all the people of God." The task force called regard to women that they're inferior. Under Canon Low, for increased representation of women in all decision-making women ore not permitted to testify-nor are children or bodies and th e consideration of candidates for the ministry imbeciles." ,we !we ha\'. !'One 0 Us lwe it or

Jm. ing ary not

I bi ho's iite, ~ of e~ ·. ~m. viili JAPAN Jm. and the Jr~ ·en! · to to UNITED

do rdi STATES lSe. say 1ho igh hat .nd The year 1970 marks the tenth an­ it's niversary of the Japan-United States p Mutual Security Treaty. Last rrwnth -in (June 23) marked the date an or after get which the pact could be altered or UT· scrapped altogether. The debate will in continue on the nature of ]apanese­ United States security relationships. It ca· will become more poignant next iat rrwnth, the twenty-fifth anniversary of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. · •ou A consultation was sponsored by the .nd National Council of the Churches of me Christ in the U.S.A. and the National nd Christian Council of Japan last De­ cember on "]apan-U.S . Relations- 1970 and Beyond." The authors, who were among the twelve American and twenty-five Japanese.delegates, are Mr . Bilheimer, an NCC e:recutive with responsibility for it.t Priority ProgFam for Peace; Mr. Shishido, a Japanese journalist with the Kyodo News Agepcy in Tokyo and a former corresponde,nt in China; Mr. Hashirrwto, profeasor of religion at Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon and a recent Quaker represen­ tative in the Far East, and Mr. Geyer, the editor of The Christian Century. F or the Japanese people and Gov­ will never be main ta ined." Some ex­ ernment, 1970 signifies a moment of ceptions to this have been made, but national importance. This year, the there is no major military establish­ JAPANand the **** UNITED Government of either Japan or the ment in Japan capable of waging STATES United States may indicate its inten­ overseas or prolonged war. The great tion-effective one year later-to ter­ majori ty of the nation is proud of this minate the Treaty of Mutual Coopera­ achievement and committed to the tion and Security between the two pacifism that it represents. countries. In Japan, demonstrations in The Security Treaty of 1960 con­ the streets already reveal the intensity tains three fundamental provisions. of the national debate which is in The first concerns the security of progress concerning the Security Japan. The Parties agree to develop Treaty. In the United States, although capacities to resist armed attack, sub­ the issue has not loomed large for the· ject to their constitutional provisions. population generally, info rmed opin­ The Japanese have interpreted their ion is fully aware of the importance of Peace Constitution so as to allow a the decisions that must be made at Self Defense Force of about 240,000 that time. men, but not heavily armed. Provision of armaments and forces for the de­ The Security Treaty and Its fense of Japan thus rests largely with Importance the United States. The Security Treaty was signed on Each Party further agrees that "an January 19, 1960. The Cold War, then armed attack against either Party in of thirteen years' duration, was still in­ the territories under the administra­ tense and showed little sign of easing. tion of Japan would be dangerous to issues and The Korean War was yet fresh in its own peace and security and de­ memory. The great presupposition of clares that it would act to meet the tensions American foreign policy stood unchal­ common danger." Second, the United lenged : the significant division in the States "is granted the use by its land, in 1970 world was between the free and com­ air and naval forces of facilities and Robert S. Bilheimer munist nations, and the United States areas in Japan." Thus, the Treaty pro­ was called to the leadership and de­ vides for the network of bases on fense of the free world. In Asia, the which about 40,000 men keep an United States has sought to fulfill this army, air force, and naval presence role by its China P.olicy, a network of active in Japan. treaties, military and economic aid, Third, the Treaty speaks not only of the Korean War, and by its particular the security of Japan but also of "in­ relation to Japan. ternational peace and security in the From its defeat in 1945 until it Far Eas t. " The United States armed achieved independence in 1952, Japan forces in Japan, it is specifically stated, had been occupied by United States are for the purpose of "the mainte­ military fo rces. Just before the Peace nance of international peace and se­ Treaty was concluded in 1952, a Se­ curity in the Far East." In an exchange curity Treaty was negoti ated which of notes under the same date as the provided for a continued United Security Treaty, each Government States military presence in the newly agrees that any major changes in the independent Japan. The Security deployment of United States troops, Treaty of 1960, at present under de­ any major changes in their equipment bate, continued the right of the United ( i.e., nuclear weapons) or the use of States to have a military establish­ facilities and areas in Japan for com­ ment in Japan until 1970. The United bat operations outside Japan are to be States military has thus, first by the the subject of prior consultation with power of occupation, then under the the Government of Japan. With this authority of successive treaties, been a one stipulation, the Security Treaty part of the Japanese scene for twenty­ guarantees that the United States will fi ve years. safeguard the security of Japan, and For its own part, Japan, supported gives the United States a hase from by the United States, fr amed a new which it may contribute to interna­ constitution in 1947, proudly hailed tional peace and security in the Far as the "Peace Constitution." In it, the East. Japanese people "forever renounce From the Treaty, Japan has re­ war as a sovereign right of the nation," ceived United States manned, sup­ and promise that "land, sea and air plied and paid fo r military security, fo rces, as well as other war potential, fo r itself and for its admitted security 24 [ 344] e ex. , hut >l~b . tgin gtea1 : Um th

coo. ions I of ·elop SU~ ions their wa l,OOJ ~ion d ~ 111th

"an r in ;tra. Ill d~ the ited ln~ and pro- oo an !Dl't

rof 4'in· the ned t~ nt~ Japanese laborers rcmot:e a statue of a warlord prior to its being melted dou:n for its bronze. st' nge inter ts in sia, with all the ad­ The prospect of continuing both Various factors converged to make the vantages and disadvantag s tJ1 ereof. the Treaty and present practices un­ the return of Okinawa a matter of 1ent From the Treaty the United States der it emphasizes strains and difficul­ urgent, widespread popular concern the ha received a major mean whereby tie . These are, in tJ1e main, three, as in Japan. One is understandable, bas ic >pl· to carry out the military and security seen from the side of Japanese critics national pride whi ch, in an age when ,ent a p ct of its policies in Japan and of the S curity Treaty. colonialism is dead, demanded that ·of el ewhere in sia. For either side to The first, and the most urgent, is­ after 25 years, Okinawa be returned. terrn inate the Treaty in 1970 will in­ curiously-only indirectly raised by Further, the presence of nuclear weap­ deed involve far- reaching policy the ecurity Treaty itself. This is Oki­ ons on Okinawa has a double effect. change . nawa, one of the Ryukyu Islands, It exacerbates Japanese hatred and which before the war belonged to fear of the atomic bomb, born of the Option and I ue Japan, and which the United States, experi ence of Hiroshima and aga­ Logic provide three options: to until the recent ixon-Sato agreement, saki. It creates the fear that these continue the Treaty and the pre ent never allowed to revert to Japan, but weapons are intended as defense practices under it; to abroga te th e continued to hold through a military against China and that, therefore, a Treat ; to continue the Treaty and install ati on made poss ible by the war in which they might be used modify practices. These logical terrns of the San Francisco Peace would engulf Japan in the worst of options provide a convenient ' ay of Treaty. Some 940,000 Okinawan Japa­ terrors, without Japanese control. Ac­ de cribing the major issues which nese live there. In addition, th ere is a tion from Okinawa has not required ha,·e ari en in Japan and of which con­ large nited States military base on prior consultation with Japan. In­ cern ed mericans are aware. which there are nuclear weapons. deed, Okinawa has been important fo r (345 ] 25 protection that the United States pres­ ence affords. But in Vietnam they have seen such a display of brutal force that they fear what United States military help may mean. In Japan, Vietnam has been and is un­ popular, in spite of Japanese business profit from the war and Government support of it. If continuation of the Security Treaty in 1970 is thought to mean the underwriting of Vietnam for a length of time, serious problems will arise. But if the Vietnam War is brought to a good conclusion-not a mere withdrawal, but some form of credible political settlement and with­ drawal-the situation in Japan will ease. That is the first change in United States outlook and overall policy that is required. The second is a change in United (Right ) Buddhist priest at prayer. States outlook and practice. The Japa­ (Opposite page, bottom le~) Imperial nese fear being drawn, by means of Palace moat, Tokyo. ( Bottom right) the Security Treaty, into the exercise Textiles are a major Japanese export. of a United States hegemony in Asia. The days of hegemony are clearly the logistics of the Vietnam War, very from being sucked into wars over over, notably in Asia. Clear recogni­ unpopular to large and vocal segments which it would have no control. tion of this in United States policy of the Japanese people. As seen from On the other hand, termination of generally will allay Japanese fears. Japan, the return of Okinawa was the Treaty might well cause serious Current practices, under a continu­ overdue. problems for both Japan and the ing Security Treaty, could well be Mention has been made of the Japa­ United States. Japan, in spite of the fact modified in two specific matters. The nese aversion to nuclear weapons. The that attack upon it seems unlikely, outstanding one has been Okinawa. Security Treaty in effect provides that would be exposed, the most immediate The return of Okinawa to Japan has Japan lives under the American um­ threat probably lying in Korea. Thus undoubtedly made the continuation of brella, protected from either nuclear exposed, both as regards military the Security Treaty far easier, as it blackm ail or nuclear attack by the means and as regards political arrang­ improves the image of the United United States nuclear deterrent force. ments, Japan mi ght well tum to re­ States generally, not only in Japan but This is probably unavoidable, treaty armament, a possibility already men­ elsewhere. The second modification or no treaty. But the existence of the tioned in the c.urrent debate. Japan concerns bases. A minimum of bases Treaty, and its provisions for bases, would have to reverse its pacifist and and numbers and visibility of men is brings the nuclear problem closer to anti-nuclear psychology; and other required, to the end that social evil home. Refu elling of nudear sub­ Asian nations would surely react in and irritation be reduced. What con­ marines, for instance, has been the fear and suspicion. stitutes the minimum is a matter of cause of public protest and demon­ For different reasons, termination both policy and technicality. stration. The fact that the Treaty ties of the Security Treaty would present Current practices could, finally, be Japanese security to the United States serious problems to the United States. changed by encouragement of Japan and that-even though nuclear weap­ Without bases in Japan or Okinawa, to assume a greater role in Asia, not ons are excluded from Japan-the the United States would be forced to only economically, which it is doing, United States military posture rests retreat to the mid-Pacific of Hawaii. A but also politically. This is a delicate ultimately upon its nuclear stockpile, new situation, a totally new ball game, matter, for much of Japanese leader­ tends to increase nervousness among would be in effect, and would cause a ship, remembering the Co-Prosperity the Japanese public. revamping of the whole of United Sphere of earlier and ill repute, is A second option in 1970 is for either States policy and that of many Asian hesitant to initiate active political side to give notice that it desires to nations. leadership in Asia. It seems, however, terminate the Treaty. The United A third logical option is the con­ that it will be virtually impossible for States would then find it all but im­ tinuation of the Treaty (no new nego­ the economic giant of Asia to remain possible to hold Okinawa for its mili­ tiation is required; only that neither politically unassertive. Appropriate tary base. Moreover, termination of Party seeks termination ) and a modi­ encouragement of Japan in this po­ the Treaty would remove United fi cation of present practices. This will, litical role by the United States is im­ States bases from Japan and with them however, require a convincing demon­ portant for the development of in­ th e social evils and irritants which stration by the United States at two digenous Asian political processes and are their by-products. Japan would points. The first is the very early end institutions, upon the creation of be free from the United States se­ of the Vietnam War on a credible whi ch peace in the area is most likely curi ty umbrella, and thus more free basis. Many in Asia desire the security to depend. • 26 [ 346] res. bey ital I n the year 1970, the Japan-United 4. The great majority of Japanese led States mutual security pact will reach people see no need for revising the a critical turning-point. If neither Constitution. They believe that the In JAPANend the **** un. UNITED party to this pact expresses a d sire pacifistic principles enunciated in the for its termination, the pact w ill auto­ Constitution provide the basis of ess STATES mati cally be continued. The year 1970 Japan's present peace and prosperity. ent does not mean, therefor e, that the 5. The fee lin g of opposition against the mutual security pact will necessarily mi li tari sti c principles is still strong to cease. However, the ques ti on of the and deep-seated. The claim that Japan for continuation versus the discontinua­ should hold a military force that co m­ viii tion of the pact as occasioned by the ports with her strength as a nation is year 1970 has long been a subject of makes no appeal to the people of t a dispute in the Japanese political Japan. They think that the wiser of world, particularly between the party course for Japan to fo ll ow is to im­ th. in power and the opposition parties. prove her status in international so­ ~ Ii As is well kn own, the fo 1mer Japan­ ciety economicall y and culturall y, ed U.S . Security Treaty was revised in without recourse to military strength. 1at 1960, becoming the present "Japan­ 6. The bases in Japan have gradual­ United States Treaty of Mutual Co­ ly become an eyesore to the Japanese ed operation and Security." On that oc­ people. They regard them not as an 1a- casion the students took the lead in a advantage but as a disadvantage in of widespread and powerful opposition Japan's defense. ~e movement that not only attracted 7. They are unanimous in feeling ia. world attention but also led to the that Okinawa should be returned to ·ly downfall of the Cabinet of obusuke Japan and that the time for doing so Ji. maintaining Ki shi, who was Prime 1inister at that is now. "'! time. It is feared that 1970 will witness 8. The dominant opinion is that the security a rebirth of this kind of tension and Okinawa should be returned all at U· opposition. once and with no string attached. In le of japan When thinking of the problem of this event, the matter of how to handle 1e Yutaka Shish ido Japan's security, the fo llowing as pects the Okinawan bases becomes a focal a. need to be taken into considerati on: problem. lS 1. The citizens of Japan are reso­ 9. Beginning with the Communist JI lutely opposed to nuclear weapons, and Sociali st parties, the forces on the it not only with regard to their produc­ side of revolution are unanimous in :d tion in Japan but also with regard to opposition to the mutual security pact. it their being brought into Japan by With 1970 as the target year, they tO Am erica. hope to foment opposition movements

~s 2. Doubt has arisen as to the neces­ similar to those of 1960. They are not is ity and dependability of America's agreed, however, a to the content of ii "nuclear umbrella." these movement , and they are also 1· 3. The Japanese people do not have weak as regards their conception of 11 a strong fear or sense of danger from how Japan should develop after the the nuclear weapons or expansionist pact has been terminated. e principles held by continental China. If Am erica and Japan's Liberal­ n The feeling is that there is almost no Democrati c Government seek to pre­ danger at all of direct military inva­ serve the present state of affa irs or to

1 sion from China, and insofar as in­ strengthen the present mutual se­ " direct inroads are concerned, they curity arrangement, then, as a result think they are safe because Japan's of the nine points mentioned above, level of cultural li fe is so much hi gher there is a strong possibili ty of a violent than that of China. explosion. •

S urely everyone involved in Chris­ myth that th e United States has never ti an conversations on Japanese-Ameri­ been defeated in an in ternational war. JAPAN **** can relations wants th e human dimen­ While the drive fo r "total victory" and and the "unconditional surrender" which UNITED sions of those relations deepened and STATES strengthened. We would not be par­ marked U.S. poli cy from 1941 to 1945 ticipants in this venture if we were has been tempered somewhat by the completely satisfi ed, on either side, by Korean War and the Vietnam War, it the ex isting state of affai rs. It is poss i­ would be a serious error to under­ ble-indeed this has often been the estimate th e continuing psychic force case in the relationships between . of this victory sy ndrome. (President Am ricans and Asians-that we in th e Nixon appealed to that force on April United States take too cozy a view o( 25, 1970 when he declared that, these relationships. "America has never been defeated in otwithstanding the terrible hostili­ the proud 190-year history of this ties which Japan and th e United country, and we shall not be defeated States engaged in a quarter of a cen­ in Vietnam.") tury ago, I believe it is quite poss ible If the real and fancied facts of that Americans today are much too U.S. history continue to nourish the inclined to take Japanese friendship victory syndrome, the experience and and political compliance for granted. indoctrination of Japan from 1930 to I have a theory-probably a wild, 1945 fo stered a faith in Japanese su­ unverifiable, and irresponsible theory periority and des tiny which was hard­ -that the Japanese since 1949 have ly less ardent. Indeed, Japan before tended to replace the Chinese of the 1945 had never suffered a serious mili­ pre-1949 period in the subconscious tary defeat and its main islands had sentimentalities of the American psy­ never been occupied by an alien che. ( Fact is, Am erican mi ss ionaries power. divergence to Japan never could compete with This lack of historical experience in American mi ss ionari es to China in sell­ humiliation accounts for the over­ a~d security ing their product! ) It was in Sunday whelming trauma of the Japanese de­ Al an Geyer school that my generation received feat in 1945. As ghastly as were the our orientation to the "peace-loving physical devastation and the loss of Chinese" (who now, of course, are the life, the shock to the nation's funda­ "aggressive, fanatic Chinese") . From mental institutions, values, self-image, this perspective, the Japanese have and sense of mission seemed even switched places. They are no longer more catastrophic. the "aggressive fanatics"; they have Secondly United States foreign become the "friendly cooperative policy has been marked by great pacifist Japanese." power asserti.veness over the past I have no intention of seeking to quarter-century while Japanese policy reverse the present pattern, to per­ has been dependent and responsive to suade Japanese that they must become the "mudo" of introversion. "bad guys" again, or to minimize the Not only victory in World War II enormous problem of perceiving the but also the acquisition of unprece­ human situation in contemporary dented and unparalleled military and China. But I do want to suggest that, economic strength has accustomed the from the Am erican side at least, there United States to thinking of itself as is a very great if seldom admitted the greatest power the world has ever need to take stock of the divergences known. which lie at the very nexus of relation­ The United States has seen itself as ships between the United States and the primary force for peace, order and Japan. benevolence in th e world and as the As a typically Wes tern and barbar­ bulwark of the United Nations, even ous device, I propose points of diver­ while American military and economic gence between Japan and the United power has sometimes been exercised States to help sharpen our awareness. unilaterally, without authentic con­ The United States tends to approach sultation with allies and in contraven­ problems of Asian security with a vic­ tion of the spirit if not the letter of the tory syndrome while Japan has not United Nations Charter and other in­ yet wholly emerged from the defeat struments of international law. syndrome whi ch was the cons equence Japan, by contras t, has been pri­ of the Second World War. marily inward-looking rather than ex­ It has seemed terribly important to pansionist, preoccupied with domestic American self-esteem to maintai n the reconstruction and development [349] 29 rather than political aggrandizement, munism in Asia-first as "internati onal The economic dynamism of Japan forced both by choice and by its peace communism" and th en, after the Sino­ however has been largely a conse­ consti tution to be a virtually pacifist Soviet split, as "Asian communi sm"­ quence of being excused from the state, and introverted in the ques t for Japan has taken a generally nati onali st burden of defense expenditures which new personal and cultural li fe-s tyles. view of its ideological situation. mos t often large countries have as­ These tendencies have both derived The United States for two decades su med. from and reinforced the dependency has made its isolation from China an The United States is the world's of Japan on the United States for its almos t absolute principle affecting ranking nuclear power while Japan security. every other as pect of its Asian security remains a non-nuclear power. The painful paradox now emerging policies, while Japan's historical and "Nuclear allergy" remains an un­ in Japan is that the price of a new na­ cultural affinities and desire for trade derstandable affli ction of Japanese tional reassertiveness which at least with China have made co ntact w ith politics . modifies the one-sidedness of the se­ China a major fea ture of both public The United States is a spacious iso­ curity relationship could be a morally and private practice. lated continental power while Japan repugnant and economically costly is a peculiarly i;ulnerable island na­ business: turning away from the peace tion. constitution and toward more sub­ Japan not only is without nuclear stantial armed forces. This turning weapons: its small area and concen­ would seem to be already well ad­ trated population, combined with the vanced under the present government. convergence of U.S. , Chinese, and So­ Japan's regular armed forces of viet power in Eas t Asia, make it one 285,000 men are larger than those of of the most vulnerable nations in the any Communist country in Europe ex­ world. cept the Soviet Union. The Japanese Lastly, the United States is experi­ Foreign Minister recently stated that encing a strong drive toward neo-iso­ the conventional firepower of the lationism while Japan is experiencing armed forces is greater than that of a renewal of internationalism. the Imperial Japanese forces at their Having earlier contrasted the great wartime peak in 1943. Thus the SDF power assertiveness of the U.S. with has already advanced to the point the dependency and introversion of where it is probably among the ten Japan as the pattern of most of the ranking military establishments in the post-war period, we may now be world- hardly commensurate with headed toward an interesting criss­ being the third ranking industrial crossing of these two tendencies. power, but not exactly a token police Frustrated by the Vietnam War, disil­ force of an officially pacifist state. lusioned over foreign aid, disen­ This growing conflict between a chanted with the United Nations, and constitutional principle encouraged by preoccupied with domestic problems, the United States and sacred to mil­ many Am eri cans of the most diverse lions of peaceminded Japanese, on the This divergence is only very poorly political opinions are expressing senti­ one hand, and the deep desire to be­ masked by the similarity of U.S. and ments which amount to a virtual with­ come freed from excessive military de­ Japanese policies on the matters of drawal from international responsi­ pendence on the United States on the recognition and representation: both bility. other hand, is a source of the keenest continue to recognize the Republic of During these same several years, ambivalence and anguish to many per­ China (Taiwan ) while refu sing to Japan has been recovering its national sons in Japan. recognize the People's Republic of self-confidence and seems about ready The United States remains an oc­ China and opposing PRC representa­ to consider more extensive interna­ cupation authority anxious to preserve tion in the United Nations. tional commitments. its military prerogative in the West­ The United States has maintained It is apparent from this discussion ern Pacific while Japan is seeking to a defense-oriented economy in a pe­ of divergences between Japan and the reclaim its lost territories and to en­ riod of consumer abundance while United States that our two countries hance its consultation rights concern­ Japan has pursued the economics of are proceeding from very different ing U.S. military privileges. pa cifism which has permitted an ex­ geopolitical circumstances and some­ The point of divergence is most tremely rapid rate of growth and de­ what different historical experiences dramatic, of course, with regard to the velopment. on remarkably different time-tables to issue of the reversion of Okinawa. Just how dependent American pros­ meet rather different needs with quite The United States has tended to perity has been upon the world's di ff~ r e nt instruments of foreign poli cy take an ideological view of Asian se­ hi ghes t level of defense spending and with considerably different po­ curity while Japan has almost clinical­ (currently $80 billion annually) is an litical sys tems. Yet I profoundly hope ly rejected ideological approaches in issue which in vi ted sharp differences and beli eve that we may be at the favor of an economism which serves to of opinion. The total producti vity in threshold of a new equality and mu­ promote international trade across all the U.S. economy is probably much tuality in our relation hips which will poli tical boundaries. For years, while less tied to military enterprises than hold th e key to th e prospects fo r peace the United States has been preoc­ some Marxists and other ideologues and security in East A ia if not fo r th e cupied with the specter of Com- suppose. whole world. • 30 [350) As Japanese elections approached spreading a poisonous cancer, nour­ last year, demonstrations demanding ished by the Am erican military pres­ Okinawa's return and the abrogation ence in the Far Eas t. While the rulers JAPand thANe **** UNITED of the Security Treaty mounted in in­ of South Korea and Taiwan are evi­ STATES tensity. Prime Minister Sato flew to rently happy about Japan's assumption Washington for consultations with of a share of "res ponsibility" for the President N ixon. On November 21, "peace" and "security" of the Far East, un. they issued a communique in which many people in these nations are ap­ ese the U. S. promised to ret11m Okinawa prehensive about Japan's reentry into to Japan. But the elate and the fu ture these troubled waters, where her pas t ~O· of the nuclear weapons on the island record resulted in anything but peace, Jan were not specified. Sato hailed the security, or "co-prosper'ty." An Asahi na. communique as a victory, but others Shimbun column on December 15 were bitter, as Mr. Hashimoto ex­ noted the fear of some southeast As ian ear plains. nati ons concerning the tendencies in en. Some 2,000 persons turned out fo r a Japan toward a return of the "Great the Rally and "Funeral Procession" to As ia Co-Prosperity" complex. The l(). mourn the U.S.-Japan Joint Communi­ columnist cautioned against Japan be­ ine que and the return of Prime Minister coming a "Northern Giant" to those :he Sato. The 2,000 parti cipants at the southern neighbors as the United Rally, which was sponsored by the States is to Latin America. !ri· Beheiren ( the Japan "Peace fo r Viet­ To the leaders of the Reversion SO· nam" Citizens Committee), adopted Movement in Okinawa, the joy of hav­ ng a resolution expressing th e outrage, ing success wi thin their grasp has all okinawa: sadness and frustration fe lt by millions but been overcome now by a feeling of Japanese. The resolution read in of being betrayed and clouded by a ~at ith frustration part: sense of insecurity about the future. of "Prime Minister Sato returned to They demanded "immediate, uncon­ he .and hope Japan, having clarified the fact that ditional reversion." What they got was be Japan cooperates with the United "by-and-by,'' "if" kind of reversion on Hideo Hashimoto States in dominating As ia. Prime Min­ condition the Vi etnam war is over by SS· ister Sato listened to Nixon's assertion es. 1972, the military effectiveness of the ;ii· that he will continue armed interven­ U.S. is not "prejudiced" by reunifica­ tion in the Far East and welcomed tion, etc. What they got was a tying m· Ameri can military presence in the Far of the Okinawa question to an as­ od East. Prime Minister Sato returned, surance of U.S. military domination lS, clarifying his intention not onl y to in the western Pacific and the security ·se establish a Riot-Police State in Oki­ of the regimes of Park, Chiang, and ti­ nawa as well as on the Mainland, but Thieu and other reactionary, military­ h­ also to expand militarization of Japan, dominated regimes in Asia. si· using the bases in Okinawa." As the Asahi coITespondent in Oki­ Many commentators, professors and nawa noted a few days befor e the rs, religious leaders expressed a strong Joint Communique, there was a no­ .al sense of opposition to the Sato-Nixon ticeab e heightening of "anti-war" em- . ly Communique. Even those who an­ phasis on th e part of th e Reversion a· ticipated th e results were shocked at movement in Okinawa as the inten­ the degree to which Sato "leaned for­ ti ons of th e Nixon and Sato govern­ JO ward" in his posture toward the mili­ ments became clearer. They insisted 1e tary policy of the United States. The that there will be no real reversion as es Joint Communique was their worst long as the American military bases nt fea rs materiali zed. remain on the Island. And to convert e­ Although a masterpiece of double­ them in to Japanese Self- Defense es talk by two clever politicians, it served Force bases is hardly any better. A to to clarify many things in their very ef­ poll taken in Okinawa by Ryukyu te fo rts to cover them up. A leading anti­ Shimpo between Tovember 29 and ;\' Sato Diet member of the Prime Min­ December 2 reports that only sixteen 0- ister's own Liberi!l-Democratic Party, per cent expressed sati fa ction with Je characterized the Joint Communique the Joint Communique. Jf as a dangerous document which in­ The U.S. mili tary exp lains the need U· volves Japan further in an aggravati on of U.S. military bases in Japan and ill of Sino-Japanese tensions. The sa me Okinawa in terms of commitments in ;e Diet man pictured the Sato go\lern­ the vVes tern Pacific. Commitment is 1e ment as collaborator with the Chiang, an euphemism fo r intervention, which Park, and Thieu governments in in turn, is a poli te word for a most [351) 31 Expo (top right ) has been the site of many demonstrations against the Security Trea ty. Education (bottom right ) is prized in Japan , but only pri­ mary schools have escaped campus 1111TPSt . Military Police ( below ) hold back workers striking American military base in Okinawa.

naked kind of economic, political, and must continue to insist that the U.S. military imperialism of the old fash­ withdraw from this area for the sake ioned 19th century type. By the same of peace and security. logic, if there is no "commitment," Men of peace and goodwill have a there would be no need for these far­ grave responsibility that the people of flung military bases that occupy the Okinawa not be sacrificed to the most strategic points in Japan and selfish. interests, national and personal, saturate the Okinawa scene. of the rulers of Japan, U.S. and other We must constantly reexamine the nations around the Pacific, but instead meaning of the word "security." It that they may fulfill the task of mak­ should not be determined by milita1y ing Okinawa truly the stepping stone priorities. We must continue to ask, for peace in the Pacific, using her "What role is the U.S. playing in the strategic location and wonderful western Pacifi c?" And "What role human resources for the relaxation of should the U.S. play?" If, as I believe, tension among the nations, including, sharing the view of a great many of course, mainland China, with which Americans, peace and security are they have had a long history of con­ threatened by the U.S. military pres­ tact. • ence in this part of the world, then we 32 (352] us that we were nearing the Pygmy village. Suddenly we emerged from the twilit forest into a small clearing, to squint at a s mi-circle of small, round, igloo-like huts, each made of supple branches stu ck into the ground in a ci rcle and tied together at the top, and co ered with broad, umbrella- tree leaves. And then we saw th e Pygmi es! The Baka Pygmies of South-East Cameroun have beautiful satiny, brown skin , lighter in color than that of thei r Negro neighbors, and are somewhat shorter than they in stature, although not at all as small or as dwarf-like as the Pygmies of the Con­ go. The average height of an adult Baka pygmy is about fiv e feet; but once I saw a pygmy man almost 6 feet tall : a veritable giant-pygmy. You can easily recogni ze a Pygmy for his distinctive elf-like facia l fea­ tures, and the wild untamed look in his eyes. His name " Baka" means, Lllllllllll simply, "The Fores t People," and that the Pygmies are! To th m, the fores t, and only the forest, is good. Pygmies call egroes "Kaka": "The Town Peo­ Piii ple," a name of derision, for only fools would live in the hot sunshine, and amidst th e insects of the villages. 0011111111 The Pygmy women, who build the rustic huts for their families, now emerged, one by one, from the smoke­ blackened mysteries of their primitive kitchens, some of them with tiny little babies at their breast. Then, silently, With the Forest People in appeared from the forest, their men : Cameroun nomadic hunters, with spears and bows in their hands, and quivers of monkey skin, fill ed with poisoned ar­ rows, suspended from their bare by Ronald Brook shoulders . All of them, men and women alike, THE TRAIL THROUGH THE JUNGLE WAS wore strange, magic amulets around long and slippery, and criss-crossed their necks, defens e against disease, with tree roots. Sharp thorns tore my th hostile spirits of the jungle, and for hand as I reached up to grasp protection from the Negroes, who branches to keep myself from falling. often exploited and abused them. Other spines cut my legs, for I was The children finally gave up their wearing cool walking-shorts against wirnming to come shyly, and join th e tropical heat. their parents, seated on the ground, Early that morning, Akono, the and I spoke to them of Komba. evangelist at our Presbyterian Chapel "Komba, the God whom you know, in the village where I was teaching a but do not worship, made the forest, ti culated, and sang, playing my small Bible Conference, called me: "Say, and the skies; he made the animals accordion, the Pygmies kept their eyes Pastor! Let's go out and preach to the and men. He sent His Son, Jesus, who fixed on my hands and legs which Pygmies in their encampment in the left His home in Heaven to come to were still bleeding from the thorns fores t." earth to shed his blood on a cross to and spines. Gleam of sun-light, filtering down save you from your sins. He will keep Later, as we talked by the campfire through th e green of the giant forest yo u from all danger, day by day, in ( Akono interpreting for us, for he trees, the barking of a dog and the His mighty power, if you will put knows the Pygmy l an~age well ), a crowing of a cock, and then the shouts your trust in him." mature Pygmy man, obviously the of children plashing in a stream, told As I spoke, and es pecially as I ges- leader of the little group, spoke ( be- [353] 33 Intermingled with them were Chris­ scribed number of elephants to ransom tian Negroes, members of the Bangan­ the gi rl in his li fe. do tribe, who have achi eved real inte­ And there is a difference in tempera­ gration with their Pygmy neighbors ment, and even in morals. Negroes who have recently left their nomad have a native moral sense and tribal life in the forest to come and build taboos that would make you think that villages along th e motor-roads, ad­ their ancestors traveled the wilderness jacent to the towns of the Negroes. wi.th Moses. Now they are being out­ As I stood there, ministering to this raged by the stealing habits of the happy, mature, integrated Christian Pygmi es. To the little forest people, congregation, I caught a vision of how everything belongs to everyone! (Ex­ racial integration, achieved through cept one's wife: adultery is unknown the love of God in Jesus Christ, can be in Pygmy-land.) So, now, enjoying th e source of great Divine bless in g, as easy access to Negroes' plantations, well as a stride toward spiritual ma­ and tempted by large, luscious turity and materi al development. bunches of bananas, tasty peanuts, For it is obvious to us, as we travel and jumbo yams, the Pygmies are help­ the jungle roads, ministering to both ing themselves, often waiting till the Negroes and Pygmies, in this South­ Negroes go to Church to raid their eas t corner of the Cameroun in West food gardens. Africa, that wherever the Negroes Until recently, the relationship be­ open their hearts, and their homes, tween Negro and Pygmy was that of and their chapels, warmly accepting owner and slave. One man in each Ne­ integration with the Pygmies, the gro village ( usually the village chief) Pygmies, then, on their part, are will­ was said to "own" the small group of ing and eager to come to Jesus Christ Pygmies who roamed nearby in the and become members of His Church, forest. The pygmies hunted for him, and to live in harmony with the Ne­ supplying him with meat and ivory; he groes. And then, it seems, God Him­ supplying them with salt and cloth. self richly blesses the whole commu­ Now, the Cameroun Government has nity, spiritually and also material)y. declared that all men, Negroes and The Church grows strong, and in mu­ Pygmies, are equal and should live to­ tual cooperation, the farms of both gether as brothers. But can equality Negroes and Pygmies produce ade­ and brotherhood be legislated? Or will quately for all. they come through hearts changed by Integration of Negroes and Baka the love of Christ? Pygmies in South-East Cameroun The challenge of the Pygmies to us poses problems, however, as the two is this: Here is a whole new tribe of tribes are different; as different, per­ people, just come from "the uttermost haps, as American Blacks and Whites! part of the earth," waiting with open However, we know this integration ears and willing hearts for the gospel tween huge puffs on his potent pipe) : can be achieved, as we see John Nlom, of Jesus Christ. There are 40,000 "We can believe what Mbundja a Mezime-Negro and his Pygmy wife, Pygmies in Southern Cameroun. If in­ (the white man ) tells us of Komba, and their two husky sons proving it tegration of Negroes and Pygmies fails and of his son, Jesus, for we see that day by day in our Evangelists' School (for only a small minority of them are Mbundja left his nice house to come here at Kambele. Christians now ) or if the little Forest far through the forest to tell us of There is a difference of language. People will not be able to stand up to Komba's love; Mbundja too has shed All South-East Cameroun Negroes the rigors of adjusting to an entirely his blood along the trail to tell us how speak some Bantu language, with different life, in towns, along the roads Jesus died for us. Tomorrow we shall nouns classified by plural prefixes, and of "civilization," they may disappear break camp, and go to live in the all words pronounced on fixed, once more, perhaps forever, to go back fores t, near to the House of Komba staccato tones. Pygmies, however, who into the impenetrable depths of the (the Chapel by the motor-road) , were apparently the first people to forest. • where we shall hear more of these dwell in this fores t land, know no real Words of Komba." plurals, and the tones of their words Ten years have passed since that are as varied and irregular as the tones Rev. Ronald Brook is a pastor in the Batouri district. Mrs. Brook, a registered day. Last week I stood in a large of the wind in the fores t trees, or of nurse, assists in the Batouri H Os pital. This is chapel, built by the Pygmies, on a the music of the jungle streams. a part of the Christian witness of The Came­ motor-road, and beside a gently flow­ And marriage between Negroes and roun Presbyterian Church u;/iich consists of 259 congregations u;ith 72,000 members. ing stream. More than 150 Pygmies, Pygmi es is difficult. A Negro youth, all baptized Christians and members after paying the dowry, brings his of our Church, sat there, reverently bride home to live in his home town, and expectantly waiting to receive the with his mom and dad; a Pygmy broken bread and blood red wine of groom must go to live with his father­ the Communion. in-law, until he has killed the pre- 34 [354] meeting physical, mental, social, spir­ Much of our early time here has itual and personal concrete needs, and been spent improving upon our tempo­ ·a. Mexico : ATeam in making our presence be one of mean­ rary living situation from the building es ingful dialogue and Christian witness. of an "outhouse" to the installation of 1al Teotlatzi ngo I arrived in Mexico last fall and a water system. But in our short time at began language and cultural studies at here, we find ourselves rapidly becom­ ~s CIDOC (Center for Intercultural ing involved in the community and 1t. Documentation ) in Cuernavaca. rapidly becoming a working, function­ ie CIDOC is one of Latin Am erica's most ing team. Our engineers are busy sur­ e, by Ronn Friend controversial and promising centers, veying for a paved road to the village X· and serves as a training-language cen­ from the nearest commercial town, Ill ter for both Catholic and Protestant Texmelucan. Dr. Sam operates a gov­ 1g lay workers and mi ss ionaries. One of ernment clinic in a neighboring village ~. the founders and central fi gures is and plans are unfolding for a clinic JS Ivan Illich, who is committed to the and health center in our village. Plans ·s, renewal of the Church and society in are being made for classes in cooking, ). Latin America, and is himself a figure sewing, nutrition and childcare. 1e of controversy. I am busy teaching English three ir The beginning of the new year and mornings a week at the "secundaria" January was a time of anticipation and (ages 11-14 ). The secundaria has two fin al readiness. We met two of our rooms, two teachers, two television Mexican counterparts, Dr. Samuel sets, and twenty students. Television Lutzow and his wife, Magos (primary education is in its experimental stages ) teacher ) and their two small children, and is a new approach toward better >f Yara and Nora. With our coordinator, education in the villages. Combined .e Dr. Arthur Chaffee, we spent the with poor reception and daily power month getting to know the Lutzows, failure, the television approach in this making contacts with national, state village isn't meeting its purposes. En­ and local government agencies, and glish is compulsory in the "secun­ becoming acquainted with the re­ daria ." It is a fascinating challenge sources with which we have to work. teaching English as a foreign language February was the month of fulii ll­ in a foreign language. I feel I am ment. We entered the village on the learning more than the students, since eleventh and shortly thereafter our they a.re eager to teach me Spanish! seventh member, Feliciano Ysais (civil Three evenings a week I teach two engineer), joined us. classes of English to interes ted people Teotlatzingo has a population of a in the community. Actually the class little over 3,000 villagers of Aztec an­ started out with eight members and in cestry. The village dates back to the three sessions exploded to forty. The lSOO's and the conquest of Cortes. It class was divided into two: one for is situated on a plateau 9,000 feet high children and another for youth and and is hovered over by two snow­ young adults. Although I question capped mountains, Popocatepetl and their motives for studying English and Mayor of Teotlat:::ingo inaugurates road­ Ixtaccihuatl. There are no paved the need for such a study, the class has building pro;ect. roads, no sewage system and no com­ given the team an entrance into the mercial sector. The center of town is community and me contact and forma­ I AM PART OF A RURAL community bordered by the municipal building, tion of friendships with some of the development team ministry in the th e Catholic and Methodist Churches, youth. Later, it might well prove to be small village of Teotlatzingo here in and these three buildings provide the a good taking-off point in the direction Mexico, under the auspices of the area with its major activity. The area of a needed recrea tional program for United Methodist Board of Missions produces apples and pears. youth or the creation of a 4-H club or and the Mexican Methodist Church. We have made temporary living Boy Scout situation. Four United States Special Termers quarters in two buildings connecting Such is the celebration of life here and three young Mexican Methodists to the Methodist Church. Five of us in Mexico, as I share it with six other compose the team, which has the po­ share three sleeping rooms over ·the colleagues in a new living situation. tential of being an exciting experiment adobe parsonage. Dr. Sam and his Each day adds to th e celebration. and direction for mission. fa mily are camped out in the old Each day brings new growings and (Team members from the United schoolroom. By draping sheets over new learnings. • tates include, in addition to Mr. rope lines, the schoolroom was divided Friend, Karen Osterman, a nurse, and into three smaller ones, one of which Bob and Sally Meredith, sanitation is our common kitchen. The kitchen is Mr. Friend is a member of one of several engin eer and nutritionist. ) the center for our team life, serving United Methodist international mission teams. This promising experiment is part of For three years we will li ve, eat, not onl y its intended people, but also the Church's witness in Mexico (where there worship and work together, attempt­ as a meeting, devotional and family are more than 30,000 Methodists ). ing to reach out into the communi ty area. [355] 35 WINDOW ON THE UNITED NATIONS BY AMY LEE

The World Youth Assembly open­ ing July 9 at United Nations head­ quarters in New York has already jarred traditions. It marks the first time the United Nations has sponsored a world con­ vocation of young people. Everyone invited to the assembly was granted visas by the U.S. State Department. And that means about 750 young men and women, ages 17 to 25, from East and West, Communist and non-communist countries. The United States has never before agreed to give official travel docu­ ments to ci tizens of Communist coun­ tries, and the UN had considerable diffi culty getting agreement to it this time. Participants who want to stay after the assembly's official closing, July 18, will be able to do so on their 14-18 day excursion tickets. The UN had difficulties of its own trying to resolve the universality prob­ lem. The Planning Committee for the assembly wanted universal participa­ tion- young people from all parts of the world. Politically the UN does not have universality. Debate over who was to be invited fin ally wound up in accord with Planning Committee recom­ mendations that participants be invited from the four categories : mem­ ber states of the United Nations; non-member states (East and West Germany, Communist China, North Vietnam, North Korea); Namibia (South West Africa, which is occu­ pied by South Africa) and the major non-self governing territories, includ­ ing Southern Rhodesia, Angola, Mo-

36 [356] :O· d. zambique, and Guinea (Bissau); the would forswear paternalism. J)' Pacific Islands (Fiji and Papua New Assembly participants are scheduled Guinea) , and the Caribbean Islands; to arrive in New York on July 6. Two and international youth and student days of briefin gs and other acti vi ties ~ organizations. will precede formal opening of the as ­ D· Letters of invitation were sent to sembly on Thursday morning, July 9. governments by UN Secretary-Gen­ The Secretary-General will address ly te eral. Thant. the group at the first plenary Session. Planning Committee guidelines for Election of an 18-member Steering ul choosing participants emphasized rep­ Committee, representing various geo­ 17 resentation of a cross-section of or­ graphical areas, will follow. The steer­ st ganized and unorganized youth in ing committee will direct the work of each country, including students, the assembly and appoint chairmen re young workers, rural youth, political and rapportems for subsequent ple­ U· youth, and young women. National nary sessions and for the four com­ D· youth organizations and affiliates of missions : World Peace, Development, )e international youth organizations in Education, Man and Environment. is each country were asked to select par­ The Planning Committee outlined ticipants. discussion subjects for the commis­ ~r A prime qualification : interest in sions. For example, for World Peace: 8, and awareness of local, national, and peace keeping, disarmament and arms .8 international issues. control; racism; peaceful uses of outer The Planning Committee had one space and sea-bed. more directive: the World Youth As­ For Development: international eco­ sembly should be action-oriented and nomic cooperation; population; em­ If not just a forum for debate. ployment; industrialization and land The work program outlined by the reform ; change in attitLides. Planning Committee indicates lots of For Education: democratization of both. education ( literacy, access to educa­ As for procedural matters, all par­ tion, discrimination ): content and ticipants are to have equal rights with­ structure; leisure and opportunity; in the youth assembly. Country and lifelong education. organization signs are being dis­ For Man and Environment: impact pensed with in the Assembly Hall and and application of science and tech­ meeting rooms. Participants will not nology; pollution; population; use and be identified by country or organiza­ conservation of natural resources; im­ tion. There is to be no particular seat­ pact of mass media. ing plan. Through these topics the commis­ All proceedings are to be carried out sions will look at the world, defin e by consensus. what young people want for the 1970s, Early in the planning it was agreed and come up with a strategy for de­ that although the UN was the sponsor veloping new attitudes and new pat­ of the World Youth Assembly, it terns of youth action for the 1970s-

[357] 37 the United ation ' Second Develop­ well. The Mayor is holding a reception met by voluntary contributions. Con­ ment Decade. for the young people. The Mayor's tributions pledged up to the middle of The commi sions will meet in morn­ offi ce has helped us to get volunteers. April amounted to $18,944 from gov­ ing and afternoon sessions fo r a week. We are trying to provide info rm al as ern ments and $9,000 from private Each commi ssion will draw up its own well as form al interpreters , and we've donors. Expenses incurred by then agenda, appoint working groups, and had a problem fin ding volunteers with had come to $15,000. prepar a report for the assembly language skills in New York. Renewed pleas for contributions which will meet again in plenary ses­ "The Mayor's offi ce is also coming went from Secretary-General Thant to sion. up with free theatre tickets and week­ governments and private sources. The assembly closes officiall y on ends in Connecticut." Youth attending th e assembly rep­ Saturday, July 18. And where will the hundreds of resent young people of their countries Plenary sessions will be open to th e visitors be livi ng? as a whole. They are not representa­ public. Commission and working "There will be 500 spaces available tives of specific youth groups or of group sessions will be closed to all but in dorms at New York Uni versity, their governments, nor are they under observers . Washington Square," the sa me offi cial instructions from their governments. All se sions are to be held at United said. "An d still more spaces at the The Planning Committee was made ations headquarters. Throughout the Hunter College nurses' facility across up of representatives of 13 major in­ week there will be optional special from Bellevue Hospital. ternational youth organi zations in con­ briefin gs, tours, and social activities . "We will have people responsible sultative status with the Economic and New York City its elf is going all-out fo r taking care of medical needs and Social Council. Established by the to welcome the young people. any other needs or emergencies." United Nations Committee for the As one UN offi cial put it, "New Money has been a continuing prob­ UN's 25th anniversary observance, it York City has ass igned a special per­ lem. Total tab for the assembly is esti­ included representatives of Boy Scouts son to 'li aise' with us. The Mayor is mated at $733,500 with $525,000 just World Bureau, Coordinating Commit­ very interested in having it all go off fo r air fares. The expenses are to be tee for International Voluntary Ser­ vice, Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, In­ ternational Movement of Catholic Agricultural and Rural Youth, Inter­ national Student Movement for the United Nations, International Union of Students, League of Red Cross So­ cieties (Junior Red Cross ), World As­ sembly of Youth, World Federation of Democratic Youth, World Univer­ sity Service, Young Christian Workers' International Council, Young Men's Christian Association, and Young Women's Christian Association. The World Youth Assembly was convened by the UN General Assem­ bly on recommendation of the Prepar­ atory Committee for the 25th Anni­ versary. Its theme is "Peace, Progress and International Cooperation." Its purpose: to draw youth's attention to the main problems before the United Nations; to give youth an opportunity to express their views on problems of peace and progress; to invite youth to speak their piece on how they would like to support the United Nations. Proposals from the commissions and working group.s which are endorsed by the entire youth assembly may be presented to the United Nations Gen­ eral Assembly during its 25th session this fall. Said a UN official : "Right now there is a lack of confidence in the instituti­ tion. One objective of the 25th anni­ versary celebration is to rejuvenate the UN-hence youth-and the reason for the youth assembly. The UN hopes to get youth in volved, to harness their energies for UN concerns." • 38 [ 358] Prayers by J eanette Struchen

Three cheers for people in the resistance movement, {:;rd. Jor those who can resist a bargain if they can't use it a product if they don't like it a style if they can't wear it a compliment if they don't deserve it a doctrine if they can't believe it a spree if they can't afford it a joke if they don't get it a rumor if they can't swallow it a war if they can't supp01t it.

{:;rd, most of us could use a "wonder" drug. Wonder is scarce around here. The only time I feel wonder is when somebody snaps the backside of the moon or when autumn saddles up for her annual show. U'r[ ay be wonder is scarce because it's old-fashioned like charity or going the second mile. ru"[ll I know is that my house is full of gadgets and the office is full of computers but nothing is cracking my soundbarrier. J think a little wonder might do it.

0 Lord, when quietness breaks the habit of my pace and the press of people is shut outside, then by the angelus in my hemt, I begin my celebration of Your presence and put a seal upon my commitment.

From Thank God for the Red , White and Black J. B. Lippincott Company. Used by permission.

(359) 39 - - ~ Foster builds on Douglas' thesis in dis­ tional strncture with authority over the cussin g the connection between value many congregations and many people ~ and religious experi ence. Both these were fea rful of every kind of structure Htmlcs chapters are provocati ve, but need to be beyond the local church. As a res ult of ~~ .J expanded beyond their relatively few the press in g demands of a changing - - pages if they are to make the contribu­ movement struggles arose over the mat­ tion this reader expected from these two ters of organizati on, methods of mission­

~ viewpoints. ary work, authority of publications, and James A. Knight's discuss ion of values other innovations in the church, such as as related to adolescent development, is the use of musical inst ruments. vVhile obviously a chapter from another book, there was des ire for organization on the and serves to introduce Canning's de­ one hand the seeds of division were being VALUES IN AN AGE OF CON­ scri ption of class room behavior as a fun c­ sown on the other. Some fe lt that to have FRONTATION, edited by Jeremiah ti on in value moti vation . The latter essay any organization beyond the local church W. Canning. Columbus, 1970: Charles is more im agin ative than the title sug­ was co ntrary to the principles of the New Merrill, 206 pages, $7.95. gests, and contains so me excellent sugges­ Testament. As dissent over these ideas In our present time of the questioning tions fo r the fa culty whom he describes grew the first major division of the restor­ ation movement occurred' around the turn and rearrangement of values this book as "condemned to 'hear fo otsteps' of one of the centmy, forming the Christian based on a sympos ium sponso red by the va riety or another. Either, from below, Church (Disciples of Christ) and the Religion in Education Foundation is a from the minority of his students who Church of Christ. very helpful reference. It seeks to come simply can't stand the academi c status to grips wi th the current discords which quo, or from above, from the majority of Within the larger of the two bodies, are challengin g, and in some cases, de­ hi s colleagues entrenched in the academic the Disciples of Christ, there continued stroyi ng our society. The book maintains establishment who simply can't stand to to be dissension over organizational strnc­ that the present age is one of confro11 ta­ give up this status quo. " ture and controversy arose from liberaliz­ tio11 based on an essential conflict of If you wish to face the continuing ing views of modern Biblical scholarship. values . crisis in man's search for values, this book This led , within about fifty years, to the Eleven scholars discuss the confronta­ should be of great help in giving you second division resulting in the "Inde­ tions and values involved from the view­ some essential insights from leading (and pendent" movement. point of their several disciplines which articulate) voices in psychology, educa­ The reader may become confused with include reli gion, psychology, and philoso­ ti on and religion. The Reli gion in Educa­ the many names which are mentioned phy. Each essay is summed up and tion Foundation is servin g a real purpose b1,1t the intent of the authors was to write analyzed by the editor. in helping to make this essential and about the personalities as much as about The two areas of confrontation mos t provocati ve dialogue poss ible. the iss ues. It was apparent that some of emphasized in the essays are those of re­ William Blair Gould the disharmony was due to personality li gion and education, fo cusing on the conAicts as well as issues . need to have an adequate model of man. CAPTIVES OF THE WORD, by Louis One of the helpful items in the book J. Wesley Robb's essay "The Human Cochran and Bess White Cochran. is a chart which summaiizes the different Quest for Liberation" is a lucid explana­ New York, 1969: Doubleday and Co., views of the three branches with regard tion of how man's alienated condition is 254 pages, $5.95. to particular topics . This volume of the rooted in both his inner condition and in This book is a narrative history of the "Reli gion in America Seri es" will be of his social situation. He graphicall y de­ Christi an Church ( Disciples of Christ ), interest to anyone concern ed with church scribes our loss of freedom in saying "\Ve Christian Churches-Independent, and union because it illustrates many of the li ve in cages and as th e result tend to lose the Churches of Christ. diffi culties fa ced by a people who seek our identity as individual selves or per­ It is the history of the major Protestant Christi an Unity. The Res toration Move­ sons." Robb brings the essential elements denomination whi ch is indigenous to ment, after all , started as a unity move­ of love and fa ith as agents of liberation, Am erican soil. In a young and free coun­ ment seeking the oneness of the church. using the insights of Tillich, Buber and try many men became res tless over reli­ Sam Nickols Marcel as illustrations of the way faith gi ous issues and opposed the ti es of the may be ex pressed by contemporaries who church to the old world. What began as a SOUNDINGS, by Robert A. Raines. New stand within the Judeo-Christian tradi­ group of men who joined together to York, 1970: Harper and Row; 144 tion. study the scripture soon fl ourished into a pages, $3.95. Robb's chapter, with its emphas is on movement separate from the existing The author of this volume has chosen personal faith and res ponsibility is bal­ churches of the day. These "Campbel­ 34 varied selections from modern litera­ anced hv an anl vs is of social institutions lites," as their opponents call ed them, ture- "parables of courage, anguish, and and edt;ca tion by Henry Winthrop. He sought to establish a church after the pat­ hope"- and related them to episodes in presents the reader with the essential tern of the New Testament. the Old and New Testaments for our question, "vVhi ch values are we to choose The story is written. from the perspec­ ponderin g. He closes each consideration in helping to mold an environment?" ti ve of the lives of men who influenced with his own thoughts, usuall y brief and Hubert fl onner presents the chall enge to and led the movement for over the one pointed prayers. the behavioral sciences, while Orio hundred fift y years of its ex istence. It Here are readings-revealing and in Strunk, Jr., Samuel Banks, and Viktor traces the struggl e for ideas and beliefs, depth from the w ritin g~ of the day: from Frankl each presents his own approach as confli cts over authority and leadership, newspaper articles, recent plays and how psychology can aid man in answer­ and a search for that which would unite novels, from a young soldier in Vi etnam, in g the query concerning value. all of God's people in one church. from ri ch and poor, from children and The psychologist, William Douglas, Through ra tional and simple concepts of th eir parents. Each becomes a setting for clarifies how fa ith is an essential fa ctor conversion, through dynami c preachin g a fresb look at the wisdom, the knowl­ in assessing values. He lists the four com­ and through the influence of scholarl y edge, and the understanding of man ponents of faith as awe, trust, obedience, journals, the movement spread west with which is to be found in the Bible. and meaning and then relates th em to frontier-like wild fir e. For example, the mov in g report of the the many fa ctors of experience. Arthur From the start, there was no organiza- awakenin g by the skilled teacher of the 40 (360] I

mind of a retarded child ( in the selection posers-in Am erica and in other English­ The Supplement fai ls to name any "Something Went 'Cli ck'") is fo llowed speakin g lands-reveal the new concern compiler or editor; but we do know that by recounting the story (Acts 3: 1-10) of for social welfare as well as for better the compiling and ed iting committee had the man, lame from birth, who was poetry and better music in the churches . the expert help of the Rev. Francis B. healed by Peter at the Beautiful Cate of And Dr. l\ !iller has an appreciative and \Ves lbrook, Mus. D., ministerial secretary th temple. This is fo llowed by a prayer understanding word fo r "today's lan­ of tlw l\ let hodist Church Music Society; from which we quote in part: guage" (as spoken by the yo un g genera­ John Wilson, treasurer of the H ymn So­ awaken my hope tion ) in worship, in hymns, and in the ciety of Great Britain and Ireland ; and tap my creati vity rituals, and for fo lk tunes and jazz in the the Rev. Ivo r I-I . Jones. Jn the introduc­ open up new worlds churches. ti on it is noted : of meaning He concludes : "In the realm of hym­ "The book is published at a time when I for me nody, things are happenin g today that li vely discuss ions on hymnod y are going • that I may most Christians would not have dreamed on within th e churches, and a great many know the hope of a decade or two ago. Ice jams cen­ items of an experimental nature are being to which You are calling tmies old are breakin g up under the pres­ written fo r Christi ans to sing. Many of me sm e of powerful currents. A sensiti ve these would not claim to be of more than then I will leap for joy! yo unger generation is responding to these passing interest . .. . At the same time 011ndings has unlimited poss ibilities currents of change as it moves up to there are sets of words which do not con­ as a means of findin g new life and mean­ take its place in the world-and, hope­ form to the more usual patterns but ing and relevancy in the Bible. It gives full y, in the church. One of the signs of whi ch Christi ans who are responsive to also a new fromat for the presentation of the times is the new song." new creati ve impulses ought to receive Gospel truth. W. W. Reid There has also been prepared by Dr. with sympathy. W.W.R. l\!iller a "teacher's guide" for the study HYMNS: THE STORY OF CHRIS­ of llymns: th e Story of Christian Song THE HYMNS OF F RAN K MASON TIAN SONG, by L. David Miller. by adult educa tion groups. One could NORTH, New York, 1970: T he Hymn Philadelphia, 1969: Lutheran Church hope that church choirs mi ght pursue Society of America ( 475 Riverside Press, 175 pages, $1.75. such a course-it would help make the Drive, N.Y. 10027 ); 32 pages, 50 cents Dr. l\ liller-Lutheran minister and whole servi ce of music better understood per copy. widely known music leader and authority and more meaningful. The course is out­ li ned for ten sessions, and there arc listed Frank l\l ason North will probably be I -has written in simple, readable chap­ known to coming generations principall y ters a history of the development of valu able additional helps and materi als for one hymn whi ch came from hi s heart I hymns and tunes that have been sung by for the studies and for hymi c projects. Christians through the centuries. While \V.W.R. and pen-"\ Vhere cross the crowded the pi ain references are to the hymns in ways of life." But through a busy li fe as the Service Book and Hymnal (Luther­ HYl\INS AND SONGS, a supplement to pas tor in a coll ege community, as an ad­ an) , the standard hymns discussed are The Methodist Hymn Book (Great ministrator concern ed with the service to be found in almost all major Protes­ Britain ): issued by the Methodist Pub­ and conserva tion of l\ lethodist churches tant hymnals. lishing House, London, England; in New York City, and finall y for twenty The "story" begins with a discuss ion of 1969. years as the chief executive of the world­ "What is a hymn?" and a recounting of While Hymns and Son gs is basicall y wide ministry of th e Board of Miss ions of the broadening of the range of subject designed to give to ~1 e th o di sts some of the ~ lethod ist Church, he wrote other matter of hymns of l\1artin Luther, John the new tunes and fresh words that have hymns growing out of his ex periences ! Calvin, Isaac \ Vatts, Charles Wesley and been produced "in an idiom and style and concerns. His first general hym n was other refo1mers . From there it considers that answer to the demand for more con­ written in 1884; the last in 1927. The I what constitutes a "good hymn"; the temporary express ions and themes" than nine general hymns that grew out of his present place of hymns in church and in appeared in that denomination's hymnal several ministries are reproduced in this private worship; the making and use of published in 1933, the compos itions have book in beautiful format, and wi th sug­ I tunes; the introduction of new hymns to significance for all churches in all areas ges tions of the tunes to whi ch Dr. North I a congregati on; Bible-based hymns from of the English-speakin g world. It is one of approved of their bein g sung. both the Old and ew Testaments-and the many-and 'perhaps the best-of The publication also in cludes an "Ap­ II their adaptation to modern needs. Then such ex perimental supplements being preciati on" of the life and ministry of Dr. fo llow brief summary chapters of Creek I produced by many churches . North, reprinted from The Hu mn of April and Latin hymns, Luther's hymns, Scan­ The humns in this volume number 74, 19.59, which celebrated the centenary of dinavian hymns, early English hymns, most of them written in the 1900's. and Dr. North's birth; and also part of the the hynu1s of the Wesleys, the 18th and mnny of them set to music composed in 19th centuries' British hymn writers­ the same period . Here are tex ts by such chapter on "The Ministrel Heart" from whose compositions comprise the bulk of livin g writers as Eric R. Rou tley, F . Professor Creighton Lacy's biography, the "standard hymnals" of practicall y all Bl and Tucker, F. Pratt Green, Ivor H. "Frank ~!a so n North, His Social and Ecu­ English-speaking Protestant churches. Jones, Rosamond E . Herlots, Richard C. menical l\ !iss ion." Three closing chapters bring the story Jones, Fred Kaan, D . T . iles, Frank \V. · Here are the story and hymns of a man of hymnody up to our day, and take a Price, David Head, Hugh Sherlock, Al­ whose li fe, service, and writing should be look into the possible future. The h ymns bert F . Bayly, C. B. Caird, R. B. Y. Scott, remembered and cherished . and songs that came with the immigrants John B. Geyer; and others who have \V.\V.R. to Am eri ca, and the hymns in spired by recently died: Donald Hughes, George missionaries to the Indians of this land, W . Bri ggs, Harry Emerson Fosdick. William B. Could is Dean and Professor II together with the first hymns and hym­ The so ngs include fou r written by of Ph ilosophy, \\111shi11 gto 11 College, Chester­ II nals composed and printed in the colonies Sydney Carter: "Lord of the Dance," toic11 , .\/ aryland. "Said Judas to l\! ary," "A Carol of the Sam Nickols fa mi11ister of the C1111to 11 and in the early days of the Republic C hristian Church, Canton, .\lissouri. how the development of both texts and Un iverse," "When I Needed a Neigh­ \V. \\' . Reid, a JJi oneer religious journalist, tunes on this side of the Atlantic. Twen­ bor"; and 26 other folk-type songs "not is Execr.live Secret11ry of th e J-l ym11 Society tieth century hymn writers and com- sel to traditional-type churchl y tunes." of America. [361] 41 11 L.. 'rhe 1\\U\'ill!I l~i1191er \\'rites 00000 000000 ~ 000 YOUTH INFLUENCE ASSEMBLY ; UN ITED PRESBYTER IANS VOTE A HUGE DEVELOPMENT EFFORT You th delegates, articulating the needs of disadvantaged people, influenced the 182nd General Assembly of the United Presbytedan Church in Chicago more than any other group. The trend was established during the first hour of the business sessions of the Assembly when a sophomore of the University of Oregon and a ruling elder of Central Presbyterian Church in Eugene, Oregon, moved to change the rules of the Assembly for the election of the Moderator. The change reduced nominating speeches from ten to two minutes, sec­ onding speeches from five minutes to one minute, and provided an extended peri­ od for ques tions from the Aoor for direct responses fro m the candidates. The mo­ ti on was overwhelmingly voted which in­ dicated at the very beginning that the Assembly was ready to work understand­ ingly with its youth. i\ !ore than one hundred youth dele­ gates were seated in voting secti ons of Yo uth of the l 82nil General Assembly of the Un ited Presbyterian Church, U.S.A . the areas they represented . They par­ spoke out 0 11 numerous issues. T he Assembly passed a mu/ti-m illio n-dollar Development ticipated in all Standing Committees, Fund program , heard Cabinet member George Rom ney defend the Administration's they worked very effecti vely in the lob­ position but still expressed their concern over the invasion of Cambodia, and approved bies and they distinguished themselves in for study in local churches a report downgrading the tra ditional views of certain sexual public debate of all major iss ues before practices as "sin," while listing certain acts still considered "sinful." the Assembly. At many points it was ap­ parent that the vouth had done their homework and sp~ k e with more authority activities have on people and make tivity related to the development of than thei r elders. appropriate changes. social justice and human dignity at Consequently, the Assembly's voting 3. _A ctively support government develop­ the local level. record came out on the progressive side ment activity such as the recommen­ 8. Contribute annually a proportion of of most issues. If the United Presbvterian dations of the Kerner Report for the our personal income fo r the self-de­ Church is able to convert its reso"lutions U.S.A. and the recommendations fo r velopment of people in the whole into action this Assembly will be the most increased support of multilateral eco­ world, including the U.S.A.; these important in Presbyteri an history. The nomic development abroad. contributions to be in addition to nor­ importance lies in its acti on on The Chris­ 4. Continue to release church funds for mal gifts to church and community tian and tli e Self-Devpfopment of PPo­ development. We cannot with integ­ projects. Many Chris tians in Europe, D/e. Describin g self-development of peo­ rity encourage business and govern­ Great Britain , Canada, and the U.S.A. ple as one of the mos t important single ment to participate unless we commit are promisin g two percent of their issues con fronting mankind, it gathers to­ our own resources. personal income annually." gether all the cries of anguish and dep­ 5. Use the new concept of development Proof that it means business is in the rivation of disadvantaged people over in reshaping church programs already establishment of a program to raise an the vears with the affirmation that the in opera ti on. ex tra eight million dollars per year for Chu;-ch will act decisively. 6. Recognize that optimum development fi ve years to prime the self-development "We United Presbyterians, individual­ cannot take place without drastic pumps. ly and as a church, must declare our changes in attitudes and in political, ARCHIE R. CROUCH intention to: social, and economic practices. This l. Be aware of the growing disparity be­ may require the church to sustain a ... MEANWHI LE, IN EDINBURCH tween the rich and the poor and that position contrary to that of existing Raucous cries of "No Popery" scuffles many profit from economic practices power structures. and the scattering of leafl ets interrupted that perpetuate the disparity. 7. Commit ourselves individuall y to a the opening session of the General As­ 2. Encourage business to increase its un­ learnin g and supporting process by sembly of the Church of Scotl and (Pres­ derstanding of the effect its economic involving ourselves in at least one ac- byterian ) in Edin burgh. 4 2 ( 362] ) PART OF YOUR "CHURCH BEAUTIFUL" PROGRAM )

an outdoor bulletin board from Cokesbury ...

... the focal point of beauty o n your church lawn. Don' t let your outdoor bulletin board appear drab and unimag inative. The beauty of a board m ounted in a masonry planter ca n add a to uch of creat ive appeal that will draw attention to al l your posted announcem ents. Let those green-thumb members of your con­ gregatio n display their • ta lents by helping to plant fl owers, shrubs, and fine greenery that can be changed with the seasons. The limitless! possibi l i ti es t:re~~~~~i~i';~~f~ \.,;;....,,,....,-;:::.,,,.....~~

A new outdoor bu lletin board ca n be a total church projecl. Everyo ne. youn g and old alike, can help in raisin g the money. Th e men in your ch urch can be responsib le for erect­ aluminum boards will take Cdre of Th ere are oth er models from which ing the board and cons tru cting th e th emse lves . Built lo the highest qual­ 10 choose, each with a clear ano­ planter, while th e ladies can lake on ity specifications. these boards with­ dized or du ran odic antique bronze th e job of keep ing ii filled with stand weather and lime lo give years fini sh. flowers and greenery. oi dependable service. Write to Cokesbury today for a FREE With an outdoor bulletin board from The' board shown above measures BROCHURE illuslral1n g all our out­ Cokesbury you need neve r worry 60" x 40" .ind is one of the mos t door bu lletin boa rd s. Co mplete spe­ about th e beauty fadi ng. Our all- popular model s for lawn inqall ation. cifica ti ons and prices included.

Ord~r from the Cokesbury Regional Seni·ice Ce nter serving your area; 1910 Ma in Street Fifth and Gro ce Stre ets 166 1 Nort h Northwest Hwy Shop in person at these Cokesbury Stores: Dalla s, Texas 75221 R;chmond , Va. 232 16 Park R;dge , 111 . 60068 Atlanta · Balt imore · Birm ingham • Bos ton · Ch ica go · Cincinnati · Dalla:. 1600 Queen Anne Rood 201 Eightli AYcnue , South 85 McAllister Stre et Dayt on • Detr oi t · Har ri sburg · Houston • Konsos Cit y · Los Ang eles Teanec k, N. J. 07666 Nashville, Tenn. 37202 Son Fran cisco, Calif. 94102 Na shville · New York • Pittsburgh · Richm ond • Son Francis co · Seattle

[363] 43 ~lilit an t Protestants, led by Pas tor showered on the Ass embly and there was like the way we were treated by the coun­ Jack C lass, chairman of the Twentieth scufRin g as stewards tried to remove the selor's offi ce." Century Refo1mation Movement, staged demonstrntors-"decently and in order.'' The pas tor said there had been no of­ their second annual demonstra tion. It At another point later in the Assembly fici al church action since the dismisssal, was onl y the second interruption in the a young Pres byterian minister rose in the but that he would "doubt if we want to Church's centuries of history. Las t year gallery shoutin g and brandishing a Bible. pursue this any further, in view of the the demonstration was against the at­ "I call on everyone to leave," he declared, lack of cooperation." tendance at the Assembly of an offi cial "because the Church has trampled on the The pas tor said the city counselor told Roman Catholic observer. Lord, because th ey have trampled His the church's attorney th at, after review­ No such observer attended this year's will and glory underfoot, and His Gos­ ing all the facts, "they weren't even sure openin g but the demonstrators found a pel. " The Church had approved of giving a disturbance occurred.'' target in the presence of His Beatitude th e "pill" to some sin gle women. The all -white group was held by St. Nichola s VI , Patriarch of Alexandria and In a report, the Assembly was told Louis poli ce nearly five hours before re­ All Africa, and a deputation from the that in the past sixty years the number of lease, generall y without bail, of all but Creek Orthodox Church who had been children in the Church of Scotland has Couture. invited to attend. dropped by alm os t half-from 490,000 So me had just come a week-end "camp During the Assembly's opening cere­ in 191 1 to 250,000 this year. meeting" of the "submarine church" in mony, the demonstrators paraded outside Dr. W . H. Rogan told the Assembly: Eas t St. Louis. At the time of the sched­ the Assembly Hall with banners reading "Jn other words, we have lost half our ul ed trial, several who appeared in court "Will the Pope of Rome be Next?" future in sixty years." were returning from a visit to the United Later, in the afternoon, when the Presbyterian Church's General Assembly Patriarch and his entourage were bein g ST. LOUIS " SUBMARINE in Chi cago, where they were given time introduced, a score of men and women CHURCH" CLEARED OF for a presentation. rose in the public gallery to shout "No DISRUPTION CHARGE The arrests the day before General Popery in Scotland" and "The Jesuits are Conference opened created considerable here.'' Twenty-tree persons charged with dis­ stir around that meeting. One of the In a few moments there were counter­ rupting a worship service in St. Louis legislati ve committees approved a resolu­ cries of "Throw them out.'' The modera­ just prior to the United Methodist Gen­ tion asking that the church drop the tor went up to the gallery and asked Pas­ eral Conference are apparently cleared charges "i n the interests of harmony," but tor C lass and his followers to leave. Mos t of the charges by actions May 26. Some the proposal never reached the plenary did so but a handful remained to raise questions and con fli cts remained, how­ session . thei r voices again. At this point leafl ets ever. Financial aid to prepare legal defense advocating "Protestant Action" were The defendants, mostly youth related for those arrested was provided b y the to a "submarine church" group, were Support of Conscience Fund, set up by arres ted April 19 in Centenary United the 1968 General Conference to ai d per­ Methodist Church, near the conference sons suffering loss as a result of witness auditorium. One had prayed during the of conscience in peace and racial justice organ prelude and others tried to speak and similar matters, or to aid in their up in the service and were refused per­ defense costs . miss ion. The service was terminated without a sermon. When the trial date arrived, seventeen BRAZILIAN BISHOPS of the defendents were sitting in the city DENOUNCE TORTURES courtroom ready to plead not guilty, and The hierarchy of the Roman Catholic the defens e ready for trials in some cases Church in Brazil has approved a resolu­ and to ask for continuance in others . The tion condemning the treatment of poli ti­ defense attorney, John T . Isaacson of cal prisoners in that country. East St. Louis, said the city counselor In a declaration at their 11th annual came to him and said he would not pre­ assembly in Brazili a, the bishops said, sent the cases for prosecution because the "We sincerely .believe that the exercise evidence was "without substance." of justice is being violated with great 1 As a result, the docket was closed and frequency." Of the Christian denomina­ New. .. for Parents bail was dismissed, leavin g no action tions in Brazil, the Roman Catholic pending. This included also charges Church has been the most outspoken against four of th e 23 for res isting arrest. again st the violations of human rights <=rwooqa It did not include, however, a charge practiced by the current military regime. of possession of marijuana fil ed against Despite offi cial denials by the govern­ {jrl!-peTmit one defendant, Ray Couture of Berkeley, ment, the evidence that Army, Navy and Calif. This is a felony charge and a hear­ Air Force intelligence units, as well as and other prayers for parents ... ing in circuit court had been set for June local poli ce in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo is a timely pra yer book. t he author, 1. and Brazilia itself, have employed phys­ James W eekle y, o m inister and fath er, relates many of his o w n Centenary's pastor, the Rev. J. Lester ical torture and brutality against "ene­ family e x perie nces and offers McGee, asserted, though, that there had mies of Brazil" is believed conclusive by pra yers mod e rn parents wi ll been "sabotage of some kind that we do most observers. appreciate and want to use. not understand." He claimed that the The bishops' declaration said they rec­ Paperback, 72 pages, $1 each; ten prosecutor's offi ce had not even issued ogni zed that efforts toward nati onal de­ or more, 85¢ each . Orde r today fro m warrants for the defendants to appear, velopment had netted some "tangible THE UPPER ROOM "and we don't know why,'' nor had it results in the economic and fin ancial 1908 Gra nd Ave. • Nashvi ll e , Te nn . 37203 fil ed charges against the 23. Since "we fi eld." However, they insisted, national were ready with evidence and the police development demands "the basic ele­ had reports," said Dr. McGee, "we don't ments of a human policy." 44 (364] 'Un. I of. SaJ, I to the

old ~\\'. Ure

St. Te· but Stephen Olford Pastor, Calvary Bapt is t Church mp Invites You to Stay at the in ed. urt ~~a&, !ed in New York City bly me The Sal is bury, idea lly situated next to Calvary Bapt ist Church , is just a few steps RN S Photo ral from Carn egie Hal l. Come and be our guest. Comb ine your visit to New York ble LEAVES FORDHAM FOR BLACK COLLEGE :he with worship .. . an exper ience in Chris· Father Leo McLaughlin, S.]. chancellor of Fordham Universit y, confers w ith Dr. lu. tian fellowship you will always remember. Our ~pacious rooms are air-conditioned Lionel Newsom, president of Johnson C. Sm ith University in Charlotte, N.C. Father :he for your comfort. TV and compl imentary McLaughlin announced that he w ill leave Fordham in Jul y to become director of fr esh­ >ut tea and coffee make you feel more "at man st udies at the predominantly black North Carolina school, founded in 1867 by the try home." United Presb yterian Church .

1se SUPPORT OF LATIN PRELATE ister of the church, said Centenary-Wil­ ·he FOR NOBEL PRIZE CROWS bur wants to be "responsible" and that by ~ct::~~~!f or write: Harold C. Gibbons , General Manager, An in creasing chorus of reli gious voices a church speaks with a hollow voice in er· 123 W. 57th St., New York, N.Y. 10019 is backing Roman Catholi c Archbishop demanding social change when it pays no ~s Helder Pessoa Camara fo r the 1970 taxes. ice THIS SPACE CONTRIBU TED BY TH( PUBLISH(~ Nobel Peace Prize. He is the Archbishop The church has become a leader in eir of Olinda and Recife, Brazil. social and civic iss ues and houses a learn­ A mouse has Mos t recent endorsements have come in g center for high school dropouts, an from the etherlands Reformed Church emergency help agency, a draft counsel­ already been saved and from the editors of The Christian ing center and other mission units. from leukemia. Century, the ecumenical weekly pub­ (RNS) lie lished in Chicago. The champion of the poor, of non· ANTI-WAR CONVOCATION lu· Help us save a man. NOW PLANS PEACE DRIVE ti· violent social change and of church For years, you've been reform , Archbishop Camara is also en­ Twelve hundred clergy and laymen who took part in a two-day gathering in 1al givin g peopl e with leukemia dorsed by the South American Christi an your sympathy. But sympathy Trade Union, the Pax Chris tus move­ Washin gton aimed at boosting anti-war id. support in Congress left with suggestions ise can't cure leukemia. Money ment, the Italian Catholic Workers As­ sociation and various individuals. on how to rall y peace forces at home. ·at can. Gi ve us enough of that, According to T he Christian Century, Suggestions for fu rther action included 1a· and maybe we'll be abl e to Archbishop Camara is "an eminently a Memorial Day fas t to demonstrate lie do for a man what has already worthy choice fo r the Nobel Prize-is "patriotism beyond nationalism," shari ng en been done for a mouse. not, indeed , virtuall y an inevitable of in fo rmation with ann ual conference, its choice." His condemnation of poli tical presbytery, and other church sessions, 1e. torture in Brazil was particularl y cited by "teach-ins," and urging more letters and n· the magazine. wires to Congressmen in support of the 1d McGovern-Hatfi eld amendment. Some al INNER-CITY CHURCH suggested refusing to pay the telephone Jo VOLUNTEERS .TAXES tax. A struggling inner ci ty church with Reactions to the two days of lobbying fewer than 250 members has made a were varied. Senator Hughes told a small voluntary gift of $757 to the city of Port- group of his Iowa constituents that he land, Oregon, in lieu of taxes. , thought the lobbying by this and other In doing so, Centenary-Wilbur United groups, such as the Asia Scholars , was ~· Methodist church fulfilled a promise it "having an effect and making an impres­ .e· made in January. The trustees then vo ted sion." One participant, the Rev. \ Va yne P. ,Je to give the ci ty an amount each year Todd of F lorence, Alabama, told Reli­ ial equal to the property taxes it would have gious 1ews Service Correspondent John 1al to pay if it were not exempt. :-.J ovotney: "I feel this has been worth The Rev. A. Harper Richardson, min - doing, hut I operate under no illusion [365] 45 RNS Photo Fa th er John P. Hvhn, left, a 32-year-old Ca tholic priest from Battle Creek, Mich., stresses a point during a 111 eeti11g with Se11 . Jam es B. Allen ( D.-Ala.) , right, in the lawmaker's office. T lw Rev. Wayne P. Todd, senior minister of the First Presbyterian church in Florence, Ala., and Mrs. Henry C. Collins, of Montgomery, Ala. , listen. Visits LE BANON , wi th age less magnetism, w ith legislators were a ma;or part of the Em ergency Religious Convocation to Help combines the naieve romanticism of End the War in Southeast Asia. Ol d Arabia with th e swi rling, so­ ph isticated, end less pleasures and hospitality of a continental capital. that I changed the minds of my Senator NE B has received almost universal ac­ BYBL OS, which gave its name to or Representatives. But the fact that they claim. th e Bible, is the oldest town in the listened is something. It's been helpful world, where lie re vealed 7 civiliza­ heari ng fi rst-hand what my representa­ tions over 7 th ousand years. LUTHERAN SEES AFRICA AS BAALBECK offers cultural festi ­ tives had to say." The Alabama minister CENTER FOR CHRISTIANITY vals of music and theater in th e ( Presbyterian Church, U.S.) was not Dr. Robert J. Marshall, president of the awesome Ro man Ru ins of the Tem­ optimistic that the visits of the church­ Lutheran Church in America, has pre­ ple of Bacchus, the largest and best men on Capitol Hill would have much dicted that "the center of Christian preserved corpus of Roman archi­ tecture left to us. if any discernible influence on the voting strength in the year 2000 will be Africa, BEIRUT, a gem of a city, offers a outcome of the Cooper-Church and Mc­ not North America." Thousand and One Nights of gaiety, Govern-Hatfield amendments. Dr. Marshall reported to the Synod's exotic food and entertainment, Meetings with Senators and Congress­ convention in New Jersey that the Lu­ shopping in Oriental So uks , and men were not without their li ghter mo­ theran church has more missionaries at luxurious accom modations with ex­ ments. At one point Illinois Senator work in Tanzania than in any other fi eld quisite service. Charles Percy was emphas izing a point and that more pulpits are manned by lay­ There are open air restaurants where sunse t brings the muezzin's and said, "I've made it perfectly clear. men than by clergymen in Indonesia. call to worship mingling with the . . ." Someone in the crowded room "If the church were a business inter­ pealing bells of Chri stian churches, yelled out "Please don't use that phrase!" ested in investing in conversions, then over a panorama of lush, green ter­ Everyone laughed, in cluding Percy. you would invest in Indonesia or Tanza­ ra ced hills. nia," he noted, "the places where the Discover fo r yoursel f th e real NEW ENGLISH BIBLE church is growing and there is a promise LEBANON, where recorded tim e be­ ON BEST SELLER LIST gan, an d which, as the Bible says, of Christian strength in the future." truly is " THE LAN D OF MILK AND The Tew English Bible (NE B) had (RNS) HON EY." been on the "best seller" list fo r eight

For more specific fnforma!fon weeks as of May 24. The fu ll translation, GRAHAM WARNS PROTESTANTS :... M with Apocrypha, was published in mid ­ ON DE-EMPHASIS OF MARY March. Evangelist Bi ll y Graham has cautioned ~ eb~;; · c;~ The British edition of the Scripture, is­ " LANO O F MILK ANO HONEY" Protestants against undue de-emphas is of sued jointly by Oxford and Cambridge LEB I HOH TOUR IST IH D IHFORMITION OHICE the Virgin Mary. 527 Ma dison Avenue, N ~w York, N. Y. 10022 University Press, first appeared in 6th 1212) <121-2201 place on the list of best-selling books The evangelist, conducting one of his prepared weekly by The New York Times best attended crusades in the U.S. at the r:Leb------,anon Touris t and Information Office W07 I University of Tennessee campus, said : I 527 Mad is on Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022 Book Review. It had moved up to thi rd on Sunday, "In our Protestant reaction to the Cath­ - I Name ------May 24. The T im es list is compiled from olic emphasis on Mary, we've gone too fa r." I1 Address ______selected book stores. The NEB was also a Special Selection of the Book-of-the­ Ir. Graham praised the Virgin ~ l ary ~fon th Club. as an example of "tremendous fai th" and I City ------said "Mary was one of the most blessed • I Though a few reviewers have ex­ I State Zip ___ I pressed a preference for the Elizabethan and wonderful women that ever li ved , prose of the Ki ng James Version, the the Mother of Our Lord." (R S) 46 [ 366] 'COS PEL SIMPLICITY' HELD COAL CHRIST-THE MUSHROOM? OF INDIAN JESU ITS' LIFE STYLE NOW YOl:J 'VE HEARD IT ALL India's Jesuits have opted for a life of A fan tas tically controversial new book WANTED JEWELRY "gospel simplicity and poverty" in place in England claims that Christianity is We Buy Old Goltl and Je welry. CASH PAID IMMEDIATELY. Ma ll us oolll teeth, wat ches. of present Westernized ways. based on the worship of the mushroom. rings, tlinmonds, silverware, eye olasus. gold I coins. old oo ld , allver, platlnum. merc ury. Sat­ The new book which has aroused un­ isf:lctio11 1111<1.r:tnteed or your articles returned . The decision was taken at a national We are li censed !)Old bu yers . Writ e for FREE conference of the order which also called precedented controversy and consider­ iuform:itlon. ROSE INDUSTRIES on Jesuits to give great importance in able anger is The Sa cred Mushroom and 29 - CL Ea st Madison St., Chicago 2, Ill . future to the work of evangelization and th e Cross, written by Professor John M. I to train themselves for it. Allegro . Allegro , a h·anslator of Dead Sea Indian Jesuits have been "over-in­ Scrolls, in kn own for his far ou t views volved" in the past in educational ac­ in that fi eld , too. tivities to the detriment of pas toral work, His book is published by Hodder and a spokesman said. Stoughton, one of Britain's bes t kn own How to win The national conference, held at St. publishing foms. In it, he purports to Write for free infor11"1at ion Joseph's College in Bangalore, was at­ show that Christianity is no more than an GENERAL CONTESTS tended by elected delegates of every ancient orgiastic fertility cult and theo­ 1 6 0 9 · I 2 Easl 51h SL. Oululh . Minn. 55112 Jesuit community in India and Ceylon. ri zes that the Old Tes tament provided its It decided that Jesuit educational in­ key. sti tutions should make a significant con­ He further argues that the Bible was tribution to promotion of "functional written in code so that mushroom wor­ literacy" and undertake a "self-evalua­ shipers could pass on their spells and be­ • Larg e 10 inch gold ­ tion" program next year. liefs in a way which would not create bordered plates . A prominent participant said that the further hostility between themselves and e Orde rs filled for 25 "crying needs" of the country do not fi g­ authorities. Christ, says Allegro, repre­ or more pl ates showing yo ur ow n ure sufficiently in the conference recom­ sented the mushrooms which paid in fleet­ Church or other mendations. "Perhaps we should have ing visit to His fo llowers on earth. scene. started from actual problems existing in One reviewer of Allegro's book, Dr. • We also print the nation, in the Church in India and in Henry Chadwick, dean of Christ Church, Church Note Paper the Jesuit society in India," he said. said, "Mr. Allegro's reputation as a man For samp le and illustrated literature write : of judgment and learning, already widely ques tioned , is likely to be shattered by PRESTON-HOPKI NSON CO. INDIA REIECTS CITIZENSHIP Dept. O, Appomattox, Virginia 24522 BIDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONARIES this curious publication. His new book reads li ke a Semitic philologist's erotic Tl1e Indian government has not nightmare after consumin g a highly in­ moral and ethical values of the Founding granted any application for citizensh ip digestible meal of hallucinogenic fungi ." F athers." He was praised specifically for fil ed by foreign missionaries, according to A new book by the same publishers has inaugurating ecumenical Sunday worship an official statement made in Parliament. been promised to answer Allegro's claims. service at the White House attended by The minister of state for home affairs, The announcement was made at a press government leaders and prominent citi­ V. C. Shukla, said that of 20 applications conference in Hodder and Stoughton's zens and for supportin g the presidential for naturalization made by foreign mis­ board room to enable Professor Allegro prayer breakfasts. sionaries during a two-year period ending to answer ques tions about his book. The committee paid further mbute to April 30, 1970, 19 were rejected. On the table were two bowls of mush­ the president for his reminder to the The remaining application is still pend­ rooms. American people that, "Our nation is a in g, he added . nation under God. Our spiritual strength PRESIDENT NIXON NAMED is greater than the economic and military JOINT CHURCH PROGRAM CHURCHMAN OF THE YEAR strength we possess. We need to give the SEEN FOR ALL IRELAND President Richard M. Nixon has been world this spiritual leadership." The Presbytedan and Methodist named Churchman of the Year by Reli­ Both Mr. Stone, chairman of the board Churches oare likely to follow the lead of gious Heritage of America for "carrying of the Combined Insurance Company of the General Synod of the Church of his deep reli gious commitment into the America, and Mi·. Johnson, vice-chairman Ireland (Anglican ) and endorse a pro­ presidency." of the board of Holiday Inns Inc., are posal of the Irish Council of Churches The selection of Mr. Nixon was an­ previous winners of the Churchn:i an of and the Roman Catholic Church to estab­ nounced by Vlf. Clement Stone of Chi­ the Year award. lish an official joint working group on cago, pres ident of RHA, and Wallace E. social issues. Johnson of Memphis, chairman of the or­ RHODESIAN CHURCHES BACK The thirty-member joi nt group will ad­ gani zation's executive committee. CATHOLIC BISHOPS' STAND vise the Churches in all of Ireland (The They reported that the selection com­ Church leaders of most Rhodesian Republic of Ireland and orthern Ire­ mittee had voted unanimously to award Christian denominations have given land) on their role in the controversial is­ the citation to Mr. Nixon during RHA's unanimous support to the stand already sues of unemployment and housing con­ 20th annual National Leadership Con­ taken by the country's Roman Catholic ditions that sparked off the riots over a ference and Awards Program in Wash­ bishops to defy the government's drive year ago, and the age-old Irish social in gton on June 18. toward apartheid and racial polarization. problem of alcoholisni. Religious Heritage of Am erica is an in­ Representatives of eleven denomina­ An Anglican spokesman on unity, terfaith, nonprofit organization "dedi­ tions have issued a joint statement warn­ Bishop J. W. Armstrong of Cashel termed cated to preserving America's Judeo­ ing the Ian Smith regime that the the proposal "histori c" in a country that Christian heritage and to instilling its hurcl1es intended to carry on their work has long seen Protestants and Roman hi ghest p,;n.ciples into all areas of reli­ without regard to the allocation of land Catholi cs fight bitter streets battles in the gious Ii e." to black or to white people. name of God, Queen and country. Mr. Nixon was cited for "creating an The statemen t declared further that Wilbert Forker (RNS ) atmosphere fo r a return to the spiritual, the Churches would refuse to register as [367] 47 "voluntary organizations." This regulation Presbyterian Churches, the Baptist Mis­ " CHRISTIAN STANDARDS" OF is required, under the te1ms of a pro­ sion, and the United Church of Christ. APARTHEID REGIME OPPOSED vision known as the Land Tenure Act, The statement said: "We affirm that The Anglican Bishop of Zambia has for a group to own or occupy land in the new Constitution and the Land denounced the rulers of South Africa and either of the racial areas. Tenure Act cannot be reconciled with the Rhodesia as guilty of a "great lie" when The Land Tenure Act divides Rhodesia C hristian faith, since they entrench sepa­ they claim to be upholding Christian into two "equal" parts--<>ne for the 250,- ration and discrimination solely on the standards. 000 whites, and the other for the nearly basis of race. Addressing the 11th Anglican Synod in five million blacks-and gives govern­ "The Christian responsibility to love Lusaka, Zambia, Most Rev. Francis accepts no barriers and cannot be defined ment authorities d iscretion to prohibit in­ Oliver Green-Wilkinson, who is also or restricted by legislation. terracial worship, interracial education, Archbishop of Central Africa, charged and black residence in white areas. ··we affirm that the Church intends to that "the rulers in Pretoria and Salisbury Earlier in April, the country's five carry on its work in areas of either race claimed falsely to be maintaining Chris­ Roman Catholic bishops declared, "The and with such occupation by either race tian standards. Catholic Church cannot in principle and as the work requires." "We must miss no opportunity to show will not in practice divide itself racially There was no immediate response from the falsity of that great lie," he said. for the administrative convenience of any the government, but Prime Minister Ian He warned that "if this fundamental state anywhere in the world." D. Smith had responded earlier to the deception were allowed to pass unchal­ Anglican Bishop Kenneth Skelton, of Catholic sta tement by expressing willing­ lenged, there is every reason to fear that Matabeleland, asserted, "If our nation's ness "to have discussions on these matters Africa, north of the Zambesi frontier, rulers pursue a policy which is at vari­ with the bishops." would, in disgust, tum to atheism and ance with our belief in Cod, we have no The controversial plan also reduces away from Christianity that was allied to choice but to resist." government salary payments to teachers the maintenance of high living standards The new statement broadens Christian in African primary schools by 5 per cent for the minorities who now rule in south­ resistance to the new act. In addition to by next January 1. This will probably ern Africa." the Roman Catholic and Anglican force the closing of most Christian mis­ The Anglican prelate stressed that the Churches, opposition includes the Salva­ sionary schools, according to most ob­ greatest danger to Christianity in the tion Army and the Evangelical Lutheran, servers. About 400,000 of 700,0000 Af­ 20th Century was that "it should be African Reformed, Methodist and United rican primary-school students attend mis­ identified with minority rule in the south­ Methodist, United Congregational and sion schools. (RNS) ern part of Africa." Recreation is good. Re-creation is better'

THIS INSANITY CALLED LOVE VICTIMS OF THE LONG MARCH SEVEN WHO FOUGHT John W. Drakeford A look at six John Pollock An "over-the-shoul­ William Crook and Ross Coggins well-known figures - Eleanor of der" look at a dozen of history's Per8onal accounts of seven men, a Aquitane, Martin Luther, J ohn most curious and courageous mis­ priest, a rabbi, and five minister Wesley, Benjamin Disraeli, David sionaries, some very familiar - who defied a bigoted majority and Livingstone, and Anton Boisen - Wilfred Grenfell , William Carey, fought for racial justice - at greal whose private love-lives influenced Adoniram Judson - and some al­ personal cost. $4.95 the course of history, or vice versa. most unknown. $2.95 $3.95 AN ARCHAEOLOGIST FOLLOWS THE THE EMERGING CHURCH LET'S TAKE ANOTHER LOOK APOSTLE PAUL Bruce Larson and Ralph Osborne David A. Maclennan Informal dis­ James L. Kelso Retraces Paul's What kind of Church is "emerg­ cussions of some basic Christian journeys, his life, and his influence ing" from this era of chaotic questions s uch as the reality of against the background of the change ? What are its new goals, Jesus, t he value of the Bible, life world of his day. Fascinating de­ resources, priorities and commit­ after death, right and wrong. Sti­ tails presented in a nontechnical ments? $3.95 mulating for study groups. $2.95 way. $3.95 THE CH1LDREN 'S NEW TESTAMENT HELPING EACH OTHER BE HUMAN "I can read it myself!" R. Lofton Hudson A Christian psy­ An entirely new tnrnslation of the chotherapist talks about Christiani­ New Testament that children can ty at its best: getting with r eality, read - and really under stand. loving life, reaching out to contact Basic vocabulary; simple sentences; othe rs. $4.95 large type. F or ages G-12. $6.95 This minority rule, he said, "relies on employment. fulfilled promises of political amnesty" oppression and force to maintain a stand­ The mani fes to lashed out at "the inter­ for political exiles. ~ ard of living for the minority who alone d national oppressive structure , such as im­ On the other hand, the document has political power." ( RN ) p rialism and the war-like and economic praised the present revolutionary govern­ interests of the great powers" who "ex­ ment because of the "signs of humaniza­ BOLIVIAN METHODISTS WARN ploit our ri ches under conditions wh ich tion" seen in so me new measures and re­ " DRIFT TO MILITARY FASC ISM " are unacceptable in other countries and forms implemented by the administra­ A manifesto issued by the Evangelical harmful to the nati onal dignity and sov­ tion. (RNS ) Methodist Church in Bolivia warn ed of reignty." a "drift toward military fascism" and The Methodist document did not U.S .A., U.S. PRESB YTERIANS called upon all Boli vians to "work for neglect the "intern al exploiters,'' which FORM JOINT BOARD FOR radi al changes in the structures of so­ it desc1,bed as "privileged minorities of WORSHIP ciety that a ITect human li fe." Bolivians who are in conni va nce with in ­ A Joint Department of Worship and The lethodist declaration, noting that tern ational and anti- national interes ts." l\lusic has been set up by Christian edu­ "the hristi an hurch cannot all y itself The declaration also scored the Bo­ cation boards of the nation's two largest with any force which oppresses or de­ li vian people's "lack of will" "the Presbyte ri an Churches. humanizes man," spoke of "heartrending weighty bureaucracy . . . corruption of The move fo llows the opening of union politicians and government officials, the and chroni c dehumanization" in a "coun­ talks las t year between the United Pres­ desire fo r q uick wealth . . . and the byteri an Church and the Presbyterian try of immense resources sunk in back­ cowardice that prevents us from com­ Church, U.S. (Southern ). wardness and underdevelopment." mitting ourselves responsibly." A Southern Presbyterian pas tor, the Entitled " lanifes to to the Nation," Pinpointing some as pects of the pres­ Rev. Horace T. Allen, Jr., has been and signed by Bishop Mortimer Arias of ent government structure that "concern named director of the worship and music La Paz, the document was published ex­ and disturb us," the Methodist manifesto unit. H e is currently completing a doc­ tensively in the Bolivian press. ques tioned the placing of military men in toral degree at Union Theological Semi­ It noted that three million peasants are key government posts, the lack of par­ nary in New York City. still set apart by illiteracy and poverty ticipation in government by the people, T he joint department will introduce and "treated as mere disposable objects even at municipal levels, the "partial churches to new liturgical sources de­ by political bossism and by insensitive suppression" of the Constitution, the pre­ veloped by a joint worship committee. It bureaucracy" and criticized the lack of carious position of the country's judiciary, wi ll serve as a mate ri als depos itory and school , and teachers and growing un- continuing .S. military aid and the " w1- will establish ties with profess ional music,

VENTURES PROM ISES TO PETER HABITATION OF DRAGONS Ha rrell, Compiler Seventeen Charlie W. Shedd "Great Keith Miller A book of hope and exciting accounts of God parenthood is not just a about living a s a Christ­ ing through the lives of men happening ... it's a crea­ ian. This bestselling au­ women today - from a teen­ tion." In h is own lively thor offers hi s unique per­ gangleader t o a conscientious style, Dr. Shedd explains sonalized view of the ·tor awarded the Congression­ how parents can under­ hang-ups that plague most edal of H onor. $3.95 stand and enjoy their chil­ people in their struggle dren-and each other . for purpose. $4.95 ARD CREATI VE URBAN $3.95 'RATEGY Also the author of LETTERS TO KAREN and Al so r ead Mill er's other best sellers: ge A. Tomey Ill , Ed itor F our­ LETTERS TO PHILIP, Dr. Shedd •as recent­ THE TASTE OF NEW WINE :e pastor and laymen offer ly a special guest on the " Lif e with Linkletter" (500,000 in print) $3.95 it egy for an effective urban television show to discuss his latest bestseller, Gift Edition in slip case $4 .95 n stry in this age of urban r e­ THE STORK I S DEAD, a book of straight Leader's Guide for group study $1.00 ;ion and social upheaval. Can­ answers to teenagers' honest questions about A SECOND TOU CH (225,000 in print) $3.95 tors include Elton Trueblood, sex. $3.95 Leader's Guide for group study $1.25 cer Knight, E. Glenn H inson. $5.95 Do something for yourself this summer. Read some good UORObooks.

~------Send this coupon to your local bookstore or to WORD books, Dep t. 091070, Box 1790, Waco, Texas 76703 name .· ~:~~~·~ . ·,~~-:·· ; ,p· ::: '. '.-.· .~:: ~: ~: ,._. address

... '' ~ l . • • ,· cit state z i ,.. '• Please send me the following books:

title price .·.. ..., ,__ .. • . ....C .i.1 · • .· : . ... ·.. I,'' .. •-'"'·.·.· $·---- Total amount of order enclosed O Bill my account .. : <: ------'. ' : ' .',• art and architectural agencies. long way to go in bringing their practices ing in another case which is expected to An other responsibility will be the pro­ in line with anti-discrimination policies, be decided soon. vision of programs for conference cen­ according to a recent report. ters and arrangement of study sessions Figures show that racial inclusiveness DR. FRANK LAUBACH DIES ; for church workers. of facilities for children and youth is less " APOSTLE TO ILLITERATES" Boards of education of the two now than five years ago. The study was Dr. Frank Laubach, the famed mis­ Churches are already cooperating in plan­ released in Washington by the denomina­ sionary known as the "apos tl e to the il­ ning educational strategies and efforts in tion's Commission on Reli gion and Race literates," died in Syracuse, N.Y. on the church and society. They jointly publish and distributed at the General Confer­ morning of June 11 at the age of 85. a magazine called "Church and Society" ence in St. Louis. Through his "each one teach one" ap­ and have merged the sales operations of Forty-nine of 66 United Methodist proach to literacy, untold numbers of their presses , \!Ves tminster ( United Pres­ children and youth agencies responded to persons around the globe learned to read . byterian ) in Philadelphia and John Knox questionnaires . Results showed 94 per His last book, Forty Years With the (Presbyterian, U.S.) in Ri chmond. cent of the residents are white in 1970 as Silent Billions, was due off the press ten compared to 91.8 per cent in 1964. In days after his death. Dr. Laubach, a native of Benton, Pa., CHURCH TURNS OVER PROPERTY 113 reporting homes for the aging, 98.4 per cent of the residents are white, as was one of the best-known miss ionary FOR USE OF THE COMMUNITY figures of the twentieth century. H e was The congregation of St. Stephen and compared with 99.9 in 1965. None of the agencies were found to a member of the United Methodist the Incarnation Episcopal church, in Church but served for many years with Washington, D.C., voted 137-2 to turn have anti-discrimination policies. Analysis of the figures concluded that United a Congregationalist agency now part of over its $300,000 property to the com­ the United Church of Christ. He went to munity. Methodist homes "are serving a pre­ dom in antly white clientele . .. (and) are the Philippines in 1915. His literacy work The "spirit and intent" of the transfer took on major proportions in 1930 and in was approved in November. It was, in refl ecting the racism which is part of United Methodism." 1935 he founded the World Literacy part, a response to demands from the Committee. Black United Front, seeking "repara­ Boards of directors for chi ldren's agen­ cies were found to be 96.5 per cent The technique of the Laubach method, tions" and urban aid from white involving word-s)dlable charts, has been white. For homes for the agin g, the per­ churches. utilized by scores of projects and organi­ centage was 96.4 white. Of the 83 United The 1.28 acre prope1ty will be held by zations, in cluding the Peace Corps and a new corporation made up of church Methodist hospitals, directors were 99 the Agency for International Develop­ representatives and other community per cent. white. ment (AID) . Missionaries by the thou­ groups. The church is only a block from sands and of every denomination have the worst-hit area in the riots following HIGH COURT SUPPORTS used or studied his book and literacy the assassin ation of Dr. Martin Luther ETHICAL OBIECTIONS material. King, Jr., in 1968. FOR DRAFT EXEMPTION Dr. Laubach never retired . He was ac­ It may become part of a large area to In a fi ve to three decision, the U.S. tive in Laubach Literacy, Inc. , with head­ be developed as housing and community Supreme Court has ex tended the right of quarters in Syracuse, up to the time of his facilities. A decision on whether the pres ­ conscientious objection to young men death. He was taken to the hospital on ent building will be demolished, or part who have strong moral or ethi cal reserva­ the evening of June 10 and died the fol­ of it kept for worsihp space, was left tions to mi li tary service. lowing morning. Death was attributed to open. Under ex isting statutes, beli ef in a acute leukemia. Under the new plan, considered un­ precedented, the Episcopal parish would Supreme Being, or religious motivation, always have less than 50 per cent control are the only recognized grounds for quali­ of the corporation. The congregation wi ll fi cation as a C. O. The court stipulated lease worship space for 40 years and will that moral or ethical objection must be have control over that space. deeply held and not based on expediency. At least 200 housing units are expected The Court's new interpretation of the to be built by the new corporation. draft law exempts from military service Units will be for families of all sizes, eco­ "all those whose consciences, spurred by nomic levels and ages, with first consider­ deeply held moral, ethical, or religious ation to those displaced by construction. beliefs, would give them no rest or peace The original black demands on the if they allowed themselves to become a church was for $25,000 and 10 per cent part of an instrument of war." of its in come. The request was put before Attorneys in the Justice Department, the members last September. said Th e New York Times, pointed out The course of action took another di­ that draft boards would still have discre­ rection, however. Robert Nash, an archi­ tion to decide whether the antiwar views tect who is planning the redevelopment of a registrant were "deeply held ." Gov­ project, said the "church, iri .the end, ernment attorneys noted that the latest HXS wanted to do more" than the black or­ decision was a broader interpretation of a ganization had asked. "The result will be This photograph shows Dr. Laubach 1965 decision (U.S . vs. Seeger) which multifold" what was requested from St. demonstrating his first step in teaching said that nonreligious men could qualify Stephen's, he said. (RNS ) people to read. Tl1 e picture 011 the black­ as conscientious objectors if their beli efs hoard represents a man saying "A" or were as important in their li ves as a reli­ "Ah." I-l is teclinioue teas a "look and say" METHODIST WELFARE AGENCIES gious person's belief in God. 11tili::.atio11 of graph s. The approach 1uas LAC IN ANTI -DISCRIMINATION The more far-reaching problem of sw ead by th e idea of "each 011 e leach Health and welfare agencies of the whether a young man can be exempt as one." Al tl1 e time of his death , Dr. United Methodist Churches , especiall y a C.O. if he is simply opposed to the Lau/Ja ch 1i;a s 1w rking 011 a basic plwnics homes for children and the aging, have a Vietnam war and not to all wars is pend- textbook. 50 (370] to P1·omotion Day is a lasting m e mo1·y ...... with a Cokesbn1·y Bible. is­ jJ. he

·P· of td , he en a., try ·as ist ith of lo •rk in cy td, en Ji· nd •p· Ill· 1·e cy

IC· td· l iS The child ren in you r chu rch wi ll have pl easant lasti ng Look ove r the variety of Bib les li sted be low and select on memo ries of their Promoti on Day. You can be su re the ones most appropri ate fo r your Promoti on Day ol­ they will be extra spec ia l memories if you prese nt needs. Then cl ip the coupon. mai l to Cokesbu ry, lo them with a Bib le of their own from Cokesbury. and have a happy and successful Promot ion Day. 1------lnd icate the quantity desired in the space provided . ZIPPER BIBLES. These RSV Bib les a re bou nd in imitatio n leathe r I with gold stam pin g and a sma ll g il t c ross as the zi ppe r pul l. I YOUNC READERS BIBLE. Especially prepa red to answer the Inc luded a re special United Me thodist study he lps, colo r maps I quest io ns of inquiring young m inds. Features la rge pages and a nd illustrat ions, se lf- pronounci ng text, outline of New Testa ment I print , w ith mo re than 600 two-colo r illust rations to encourage and hi story, summary of the books of the Bib le. 1 -4 copies, each I he lp c hild re n in understa nd in g biblical texts. Inc ludes 12 ful l­ $4.75 ; 5 or more, each $3 .75 I co lor maps, bold - face sub ject headings, time cha rt, b lue ---C0- 1 BZ. Black zippe r bind in g. I c loth bi nding, attract ive d ust jacket and p resentation page. ---CO- I RZ . Red zippe r bi ndin g. I _ _ _ (AP I 1- 4 copi es, each $6.95 ; 5 o r mo re, each , $ 5.95 ---C0- 1 WZ. W h ite z ippe r b inding. I I ECONOMY-PRICED RSV Bl BLES. Bound in imi taton leather I and sta mped in gold , these Bib les inc lude speci a l Un ited Methodist SICNATURE BIBLES. A d is ti nctive Bi bl e on w hi ch the rec ipient study he lps, 16 co lo r ill ust rations, 8 pages of colo r maps, se lf­ may sign hi s name in gold . Each Bib le comes wi th a strip of I pronouncing text , summa ry of the books of the Bibl e, a nd outline 23 K gold foil. Pl ace the foi l over the pa ne l on the cover and sign I of New Testamen t hi sto ry. 1-4 copies, each $3.1 O; 5 or more, your name with a ballpoint pen. Inc ludes all the specia l features I each $2.65 of the CO- I se ri es. I - 4 copi es, each $3 .3 5 ; 5 o r more. I - - - C0-1 B. Black bind ing. Red page ed ges. each $2.85 I - - - C0- 1 R. Red b inding. Red page edges. --C0- 1 B- SC . Bl ack bi ndi ng . I ---C0-1 W . W h ite b inding. Amber page edges. --C0- 1 R-SC. Red binding. I ---C0- 1 W - SC. W h ite b ind ing. I O Paym ent enc losed O Cha rge to my account 0 Open an account I I I NA ME I (Pl ease print or type I I Order lrom the Colccsbury Regional Service Center serw- ing your a r c <1 ~ I 1910 Mo in Stred Fifth and Groce Stree ts 1661 North Northwes t Hwy. A DD RESS ------Dalla s, Texas 75Ul Ric hm ond, Vo. 23216 Po rk Ridge, Ill. 60068 I 1600 Qu een Ann e Rood 201 Eighth Avenue, South 85 McAllister Stred I Teaneck, N. J. 07666 Nashvi lle, Tenn. 37202 Son Francisco, Calif. 94102 CI TY I Shop in person "' these Colc csbury Stores : Atl anta • Baltimore · Bir mingha m • Boston · Chicago • Cinci nnati · Dallas I Dayton • Detr oit · Harris bu rg • Houston • Ka nsas City · Los An geles ST AT E ZIP ------1 NashYille • New Yark • Pittsbu rg h · Ric hmond • Sa n Fr ancisca · Seattle Postage e xtra. I Add sa les tax w he re applicable. I I ------~ Song of Songs, by Goro Kakei (Japan)

Goro Kakei was born in Tokyo in 1930 and still lives there. A Christian, he teaches art at Aoyama Gakuin University. In his work, he combines modern and traditional styles. I He has sculptured about twenty bronzes on Old and New Testament themes.