CONTENT
SAMPLE
Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook
Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
STD. X History and Political Science
Salient Features • Written as per the latest textbook • Exhaustive coverage of the entire syllabus in Question-Answer Format
• Overview at the start of each chapter to facilitate quick understanding • Covers answers to all Textual Questions CONTENT • Includes Additional Important Questions for better preparation • Includes Concept Charts, Timelines, Table Completion, etc. type of questions; wherever applicable • Chapter-wise Assessment at the end of each chapter to facilitate knowledge testing • Includes a dedicated section ‘Apply Your Knowledge’ that covers a series of 'In-text Questions', Project, etc. that pave the way for a robust concept building
• A Model Question Paper as per the latest paper pattern • Includes GG - our very own mascot
Printed at: Repro India Ltd., Mumbai
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PREFACE
While designing the book, our main intention was to create a book that would act as a single point of reference for students. We wanted this book to provide students, the much needed answers for their textual questions as well as build up their knowledge quotient in the process. Std. X: History and Political Science has been prepared as per the new syllabus which is more child-centric and focuses on active learning along-with making the process of education more enjoyable and interesting. We have infused the book with historical timelines, concept maps, flowcharts, comprehension based questions and additional questions which are in line with the latest paper pattern. Questions titled under 'Do this', 'Think about it', 'Make a list', a series of 'In-text Questions', etc., pave the way for a robust concept building. Every chapter begins with an Overview to facilitate quick understanding of the chapter. The book covers all the textual content in the Question-Answer format. It also includes a host of other Objective and Subjective type of questions. The chapter ends with a Chapter-wise Assessment that stands as a testimony to the fact that the child has understood the chapter thoroughly. For the purpose of self-evaluation we have incorporated a Model Question Paper. We have provided a video that intend to explain the Paper Pattern as well as the Syllabus. The students may view it by scanning the QR Code provided. With absolute trust in our work, we hope our holistic efforts towards making this book an ideal knowledge hub for students pay off. The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you. Please write to us at: [email protected]
A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.
Best of luck to all the aspirants!
From, Publisher
Edition: First Gyan Guru (GG) CONTENT We present to you our very own mascot-'GG', who has been proudly introduced by us. GG is a student-buddy who pops up throughout the book and draws your attention to important bits of knowledge also termed as 'Good to Know'. These 'Good to Know' sections help you understand a concept distinctly with a corresponding example from your immediate environment. This is our initiative that helps to link learning with life, thereby educating the students much more practically. We're hopeful
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SAMPLEThis work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book.
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Paper pattern Std. X : History and Political Science (History : 40 Marks, Political Science : 20 Marks, Total : 60 Marks) Time : 2.30 Hours
History
Marks with Q. No. Type of Question Options Marks options
A. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete - 04 04 Q.1 statement.
B. Identify the incorrect pair and write the correct ones. - 04 04
A. Complete the given concept maps. 2 out of 3 04 06 Q.2 B. Write short notes on. 2 out of 3 04 06
A. Explain the statement with reasons. 2 out of 5 06 15 Q.3 CONTENT B. Answer in brief. 2 out of 3 06 09
Read the following passage and answer the questions based - Q.4 04 04 on it.
Q.5 Answer the questions in detail. 2 out of 3 08 12
Marks 40 60
SAMPLE
Political Science
Marks with Q. No. Type of Question Options Marks options
Choose the correct alternative and write the complete Q.6 - 04 04 statement.
Q.7 Explain whether the statement is true or false with reasons. 2 out of 3 04 06
A. Explain the concept/Write short notes on. 2 out of 3 04 06 Q.8 B. Do as directed/instructed. 2 out of 3 04 06
Q.9 Answer the following questions in brief. 2 out of 4 04 08
Marks 20 30
[Reference CONTENT] : ceneje<ì^ jep³e HeeþîeHegmlekeÀ efveefce&leer Je DeY³eeme¬eÀce mebMeesOeve ceb[U, HegCes efveefce&le cetu³eceeHeve DeejeKe[e
[P.S. Scan this Q.R. Code to get a better understanding of the New Syllabus as well as Paper Pattern]
SAMPLE
CONTENTS
No. Topic Name Page No.
History
1. Historiography - Development in the West 1 2. Historiography - Indian Tradition 12 3. Applied History 26 4. History of Indian Arts 39 5. Mass Media and History 52 6. Entertainment and History 68 7. Sports and History 83 8. Tourism and History 94 9. Heritage Management 110 Political ScienceCONTENT 1. Working of the Constitution 128 2. The Electoral Process 143 3. Political Parties 157 4. Social and Political Movements 167 5. Challenges faced by Indian Democracy 176
Model Question Paper 182
Note: Textual exercise questions are represented by * mark.
SAMPLE
Tourism and History 8
An Overview
Travelling to and staying in places outside the usual environment for a specific purpose and Tourism for a fixed period of time.
Purpose Finding a renowned teacher and obtaining good education
Attending local Visiting Pilgrim Purpose of fairs and centres Tourism festivals
Trade
Foreign Travellers Benjamin Born in Spain First European traveller/discoverer
Between 1159 and 1173 C.E., travelled to France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Persia (Iran), India and China
Maintained diaries of the accounts of his travels th Marco Polo Italian traveller of the 13 century Introduced Asia, especially China to Europe Stayed in China for 17 years Wrote about the flora & fauna, socialCONTENT life, culture and trade systems of Asia th Ibn Battuta Traveller of the 14 century Took the world on a virtual travel of the Islamic world Travelled for 30 years His accounts are helpful in understanding the medieval history and social life th Gerardus Traveller of the 16 century Mercator Was a cartographer Created world map and globe of the earth His work proved useful for navigation around the world Yuan Shwang The Chinese monk who travelled to India in 630 C.E.
Indian Travellers Ancient Period Gautam Buddha Jain monks Sadhus
Medieval Period Saint Namdev Saint Eknath
Guru Nanak Ramdas Swami
Modern Period Vishnubhat Godse
SAMPLE Modern Tourism
Organised a trip by railway from Leicester to Loughborough for about 600 people
Thomas Cook Successfully organised a round trip of Europe
Established a travel agency which sold tourist tickets 94 Chapter 8: Tourism and History
Travelling within one’s own country Local and Interstate No language barriers and no difficulties in procuring currency Tourism and documents
Railway, marine and air transport has made travelling easier.
People travel for studies, relaxation, sightseeing, professional International Tourism assignments (meetings, agreements, etc), shooting of films, etc. To travel abroad, various official documents are to be procured.
Satisfying people’s interest in history is the main objective. In India, tours are arranged to historical sites like forts, Historical Tourism ashrams, important places related to the Indian War of Independence (1857), etc.
Tourism Types of Visiting places to observe special geographical features of a Geographic Tourism region is the main objective. CONTENT It includes visiting sanctuaries, beaches, valleys, lakes, cliffs, etc.
Learning yoga, undertaking Ayurvedic therapies, getting ample Health Tourism sunlight are some objectives of this tourism.
Understanding the rural life, agriculture and learning new Agro-Tourism methods of experimentation in advanced technology of agriculture are some objectives. SAMPLE Agricultural research centres, agricultural universities and countries like Israel, where experimentation in advanced technology of agriculture is carried out, are visited by farmers to fulfill these objectives.
95 Std. X: History and Political Science
th Developed in the 20 century Sports Tourism Attending various events organised at the International level, National level and State level is the main objective. e.g.: International level: Olympics, Wimbledon, World chess championship matches, international cricket tournaments, etc. National level: Himalayan Car Rally State level: Maharashtra Kesari Wrestling competition
Attending film festivals, seminars, conferences, international Tourism based on Special Events book exhibition, literary festivals, etc., are some main objectives.
Tourism Types of
Religious Tourism Visiting different places of worship associated with the mythological traditions is the main objective.
e.g. Chardham Yatras, Bara Jyotirlingas, etc.
Includes activities like visiting reputed educational institutes; Cultural Tourism seeing local culture, history & traditions; visiting historical CONTENT monuments, appreciating the achievements of local people and participating in the local festivals of dance, music, etc.
Important points for the growth of tourism
Do’s Don’ts
Ensuring safe transport and security Vandalising the heritage sites facilities for tourists Scribbling on walls
Providing amenities of reasonably good Carving on trees standard Painting ancient monuments in garish Providing good accommodation and colours washroom facilities on the travel routes
Taking care and providing special facilities to handicapped tourists SAMPLE Providing the tourists with pamphlets, guides, maps and history books which gives information about a tourist site in different languages
96 Chapter 8: Tourism and History
Includes visiting historical heritage places Heritage Walks Are organised in the cities of Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune.
Rock-cut caves, paintings Ajanta, Verul (Ellora), Gharapuri (Elephanta) and sculptures
Shirdi, Nashik, Pandharpur, Tryambakeshwar, Shegaon,
Pilgrim Centres Tuljapur, Kolhapur, Paithan, Dehu, Alandi, Jejuri, Haji Malang, Gurudwara at Nanded, Mumbai’s Mount Mary Church, etc.
Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani, Khandala, Lonavala, Hill Stations Matheran, Chikhaldara, etc.
Dams Koyananagar, Jayakwadi, Bhatghar, Chandoli, etc.
Tourist centres in Maharashtra
Sanctuaries Dajipur, Sagareshwar, Tadoba, etc.
Choose the Correct Alternative 6. Heritage of our country is divided into ______. (A) International Heritage and Interstate Heritage 1. ______is known as the first European (B) Internal Heritage and External Heritage traveller / discoverer. (C) Internal Heritage and Ancient Heritage (A) Yuan Shwang (D) Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage (B) Benjamin Franklin (C) Benjamin of Tudela CONTENT7. To go on a tour in order to visit historical (D) Marco Polo heritage places is known as ______. (A) Historical tourism (B) Heritage Walk 2. The work of the cartographer ______proved (C) Cultural tourism (D) Tourism to be very useful for navigation around the *8. Bhilar is known as the ‘Village of ______’. world. (A) books (B) plants (A) Marco Polo (C) mangoes (D) forts (B) Ibn Battuta Answers: (C) Benjamin 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) (D) Gerardus Mercator 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (A) *3. Thomas Cook established a travel agency selling ______. Identify the Incorrect Pair and Rewrite (A) handicrafts (B) toys the Corrected Ones (C) food items (D) tourist tickets
4. ______wrote the account of his journey *1. from Maharashtra to Ayodhya and back to Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ Maharashtra in his book ‘Maza Pravas’. i. Matheran Hill Station (A) Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar ii. Tadoba Rock-cut Caves (B) Saint Eknath iii. Kolhapur Pilgrim Centre (C) Gautam Buddha iv. Ajanta World Heritage SAMPLE (D) Vishnubhat Godse Answers:
5. ______tourism helps the urban population to The incorrect pair is: get exposure to rural life and agriculture. Tadoba Rock-cut Caves (A) Agro (B) Health The appropriate pair should be: (C) Sports (D) Geographic Tadoba – Sanctuary 97 Std. X: History and Political Science ii. Historical Complete the Concept Chart Visiting historical tourism sites, monuments, etc.
*1. World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra iii. Health Getting health services tourism and facilities, ample (i) sunlight, yoga training and therapies based on Rock-cut caves Ayurveda. iv. Tourism based Attending film on special festivals, literary Natural World events festivals, seminars and (iv) Railway (ii) Heritage Heritage conferences, Sites station international book exhibitions, etc. Sanctuary
Write Short Notes on
(iii) *1. Tradition of Travelling Ans: i. Rock-cut caves – Ajanta, Verul Ans: Travelling to and staying in places outside (Ellora), Gharapuri (Elephanta) the usual environment for a specific purpose ii. Railway station Chhatrapati Shivaji and for a fixed period of time is known as Railway Terminus ‘tourism’. iii. Sanctuary Dajipur i. The tradition of travelling from corner iv. Natural Heritage Kas Plateau located to corner can be seen in India since in Western Ghats ancient times. This can be explained according to various time periods as Complete the Table follows:
a. In Ancient period: 1. In the ancient period, people travelled Type of Tourism Objectives for various reasons like pilgrimage, i. Travelling for trade, visiting local fairs & festivals, studies, relaxation, searching a renowned teacher and sightseeing, shooting CONTENTobtaining good education, etc. of films and It is mentioned in the Buddhist professional literature that Gautam Buddha assignments like travelled to several cities in ancient meetings, India for preaching. Buddhist monks, ...... agreements, etc. Jain monks and sadhus travelled ii. Historical tourism ...... continuously to different places. iii. Getting health In 630 C.E., the Chinese monk, Yuan services and Shwang travelled to India. facilities, ample b. In Medieval Period: sunlight, yoga Saint Namdev, Saint Eknath, Guru training and Nanak and Ramdas Swami travelled therapies based on during the medieval period...... Ayurveda. c. In Modern Period: iv. Tourism based on Vishnubhat Godse travelled during special events ...... times of the Indian war of Ans: Independence in 1857. ii. Foreign Travellers: Type of Objectives The tradition of travelling can be seen Tourism not only in India but also in foreign i. International Travelling for studies, countries. Benjamin of Tudela; the SAMPLEtourism relaxation, sightseeing, first European traveller / discoverer shooting of films and travelled to France, Germany, Italy, professional assignments Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, like meetings, Persia, India and China. Marco Polo, agreements, etc. the Italian traveller introduced Asia, 98 Chapter 8: Tourism and History especially China to Europe. Ibn 4. Ibn Battuta Battuta travelled for 30 years and Ans: i. Ibn Battuta was the traveller of the took the world on a virtual travel of 14th century. the Islamic world with his travel ii. He took the world on a virtual travel th accounts. Gerardus Mercator, the 16 of the Islamic world with his travel century cartographer, created a world accounts. map and globe of the earth. This iii. He travelled for 30 years. However, he proved useful for navigation around was determined not to travel twice on the world. the same route. th In the latter half of the 19 century iv. The medieval history and social life of C.E., Thomas Cook organised a trip the people can be understood through by railway from Leicester to his accounts. Loughborough for about 600 people. He had also successfully organised a Good to know round trip of Europe. Finally, he established a travel agency which sold tourist tickets. Ibn Battuta’s travel accounts iii. This tradition of travelling which were published in a book started since ancient times led to the commonly known as ‘Rihla’ development of modern tourism. (Journey/Travel) in Arabic.
2. Benjamin of Tudela 5. Local and Interstate Tourism Ans: i. Benjamin of Tudela, born in Spain, is Ans: i. Local and Interstate tourism involves known as the first European traveller or residents of one country travelling only discoverer. within that country. ii. Between 1159 and 1173 C.E., he ii. This kind of tourism is not very travelled to France, Germany, Italy, overwhelming because it is within Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, one’s own country. Persia, India and China. iii. Also, it does not cause difficulties of iii. He maintained diaries of the accounts of language, procuring currency and his travels which are considered as documents. important historical documents. CONTENT iv. Moreover, this kind of tourism can be
planned at the time suitable to the *3. Marco Polo individual. Ans: i. Marco Polo was the Italian traveller of the 13th century. 6. International Tourism ii. He travelled to China and stayed there Ans: i. International tourism is an important for 17 years. type of tourism. It refers to tourism that iii. He introduced Asia, especially China crosses national borders. to Europe. ii. Due to the availability of railway, iv. He wrote about the flora & fauna, marine and air transport, it has social life, culture and trade systems become easier to travel abroad. There of Asia. is a trans-European railway route. Marine transport has linked the coastal v. This led to the development of regions and aviation has brought the communication and trade between entire world closer. Europe and Asia. iii. Moreover, due to the economic Good to know liberalisation policy of the Indian government (1991), the number of Marco Polo’s travels are people travelling back and forth from recorded in the book India has increased greatly. People SAMPLE titled as ‘The Travels of nowadays travel for studies, Marco Polo’. This book relaxation, sightseeing, shooting of inspired Christopher films, professional assignments like Columbus and many other meeting, agreements, etc. travellers. iv. Various official documents are to be obtained for travelling abroad. 99 Std. X: History and Political Science 7. Historical Tourism iii. Indian farmers, nowadays, visit distant Ans: i. Historical tourism refers to a kind of regions like the agricultural research tourism, where the tour or tour group centres, agricultural-universities and focusses on the history; history of some countries like Israel where place, people, things or events. It helps experimentation in advanced technology people satisfy their interest in history. of agriculture is carried out. ii. In India, tours are arranged to 11. Sports Tourism different historical places and Ans: i. Sports Tourism, developed in the 20th important historical sites such as forts century, refers to travel which involves in Rajasthan, ashrams of Mahatma attending a sporting event. Gandhi and Acharya Vinoba Bhave, ii. Various sports events are organised at important places related to the Indian the international level, national level War of Independence (1857), etc. and state level. iii. Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar, a iii. Olympics, Wimbledon, World Chess renowned Marathi writer, used to Championship matches and International arrange hiking tours to forts in Cricket Tournaments etc., are some Maharashtra, to explore the sights examples of sports events organised at closely linked to Chhatrapati Shivaji the international level; event like Maharaj and his achievements. Himalayan Car Rally is organised at the 8. Geographic Tourism national level and the Maharashtra Ans: i. Geographic tourism involves visiting Kesari Wrestling competitions, etc; are places to observe the special organised at the state level. geographical features of a region. 12. Tourism based on Special Events ii. In order to satisfy this curiosity, tourists Ans: i. Travelling to and staying in places visit various natural & animal outside the usual environment for a sanctuaries, beaches and unique specific purpose and for a fixed period geographical wonders like the Crater of time is known as ‘tourism’. lake at Lonar & Ranjan Khalge ii. People who love to travel, look for (naturally carved out cavities in rocks) special reasons to go on a tour and in at Nighoj in Maharashtra. the 21st century, it has become common 9. Health Tourism CONTENTto organise such events. Ans: i. Health Tourism involves travelling for iii. Film festivals, various types of seminars the purpose of receiving medical and conferences, international book treatment or improving health or fitness. exhibitions, library festivals, etc., are ii. In India, the health services and examples of special events. People from facilities available are cheaper different regions come to attend these compared to other countries. Even the events. standard of these facilities is good, iv. For instance, every year many literature therefore, people from western countries enthusiasts from Maharashtra come to undertake this type of tourism. attend the Akhil Bhartiya Marathi iii. Besides, tourists from countries with cold Sammelan [Pan India Literary climate visit India to get ample sunlight. Convention] which is held annually in iv. Learning Yoga and undertaking different places of India. ayurvedic therapies are some other 13. Religious Tourism reasons for this type of tourism. Ans: i. People belonging to various caste, *10. Agro-Tourism religion, creed, etc., visit religious Ans: i. Tourism wherein tourists take part in places to worship the different gods and farm or village activities like animal goddesses, saints or to see the art, and crop care, cooking and cleaning, culture, traditions and architecture. handicrafts and entertainment is called ii. Nowadays, people of various religious SAMPLEas ‘Agro-tourism’. communities are spread globally. ii. Today Agro-tourism, also known as However, they remain united because of Agri-tourism, is rapidly developing. It their mythological traditions and the is specially meant for the urban places associated with those traditions. population who have very little iii. This creates a desire to travel to those exposure to rural life and agriculture. places and it gives rise to religious tourism. 100 100 Chapter 8: Tourism and History iv. Religious tourism fosters peace, unity provided with good accommodation, and socio-cultural harmony among good amenities and good washroom people. facilities on the travel routes. v. In order to provide good amenities on ii. The national and international tourists the pilgrim routes like Chardham Yatras should be provided with pamphlets, and Bara Jyotirlingas, Ahilyabai Holkar guides and history books; giving undertook the constructions by using information about a tourist site in their her personal funds. own language. Also, the taxi drivers should be trained as tourist guides. They 14. Village of Books should be able to converse in more than Ans: i. Bhilar is a village near Mahabaleshwar. one language. It was long known for its natural beauty and strawberry cultivation. But now it is iii. The tourists should abide by the rules declared as India’s first ‘Village of and regulations laid by the concerned Books’. authorities of the historical site which ii. Every household in Bhilar has a library they are visiting. Also, proper social of its own. This scheme was conduct is expected from the tourists implemented by the Maharashtra State during the tour and during their stay at Government with a view to accelerate destination places. the ‘Reading Culture’ movement and iv. The historical sites should be preserved for making the reader-tourists enjoy the by avoiding few things like vandalising beauty of Marathi literature enriched by or defacing the heritage monuments and the works of old & new authors and sites, writing on walls, carving on trees, saints. painting ancient monuments in garish iii. The books include various types of texts colours, etc. in Marathi like biographies, v. Good amenities should be made autobiographies, fiction, poetry, available in the precincts of the heritage literature on sports, literature for kids, sites so as to avoid filthiness in that literature by women, etc. area.
3 How does tourism promote the growth of Answer in Brief (25 - 30 words) economy of a country? Ans: i. The country which is a tourist 1. What promotes Tourism? CONTENTdestination begins to receive revenue Ans: Following things promote tourism: even before a tourist arrives at the i. In order to get a delightful and airport of that country. For e.g. The awe-inspiring experience, tourists from tourist pays for his visa. all over the world visit places like the snow-capped peaks, beaches, pristine ii. Once he reaches the destination, the jungles, etc. tourist spends for his travel, stays in ii. The desire of the tourists to visit hotels, pays for food, makes payment to national and international monuments, translators and guides, purchases places of historical importance & newspapers, reference books, souvenirs, natural beauty, ancient centres known etc. for handicrafts, pilgrim centres, iii. All these things generate income for the industrial centres and sites of various country. developmental projects, etc., promotes In this way, tourism promotes the growth of economy of a country. tourism. iii. Moreover, the role played by mass 4. In what ways tourism industry help in the media in making special audio-visual generation of employment opportunities at presentations for highlighting places of the local level? tourist interest also promotes tourism. Ans: i. With the development of a tourist 2. What crucial points are to be considered in centre, the markets in the locality also SAMPLEthe development of tourism? grows. Ans: The crucial points to be considered for the ii. It leads to the expansion of local development of tourism are as follows: handicrafts and cottage industries. i. The tourists (including handicapped iii. Moreover, the demand for locally tourists) should be ensured safe transport processed food and ethnic handicrafts and security facilities. They should be also increases. 101 Std. X: History and Political Science iv. All these developments create good ii. Today, ‘Heritage Walks’ as an employment opportunities for large organised group activity has gained number of people like the artisans, popularity in many countries. business people and wage earners. iii. By participating in heritage walks, one Thus, tourism industry helps in the generation can experience the thrill of being a part of employment opportunities at the local level. of history. iv. India has a rich heritage. It is full of 5. Write the contribution of Maharashtra historical sites dating to ancient, Tourism Development Corporation in the medieval and modern period. Residences growth of Tourism in Maharashtra. of renowned citizens who have passed Ans: The contribution of Maharashtra Tourism away are also part of heritage. In some Development Corporation in the growth of cities, ‘blue plaques’ with the names and Tourism in Maharashtra is as follows: other relevant information of such i. The Maharashtra Tourism Development citizens are placed on their residences, as Corporation which was set up in 1975 a part of heritage scheme. has provided facilities of tourist hotels v. ‘Heritage Walk’ organised in the city of at 47 places. Ahmedabad is very famous. Similar ii. The intake capacity of these hotels is walks are also organised regularly in the more than 4000 tourists. cities of Mumbai and Pune. iii. It provides sound hospitality services to Thus, ‘Heritage Walk’ is an important activity to the tourists. create awareness among people about historicity 6. ‘Tourism serves as a major source of of areas and related cultural values. It is the best livelihood for the local people in places like medium to initiate community-based efforts for Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani’. Explain. conservation and preservation of our cultural OR heritage. It also helps in collecting authentic *In what way tourism becomes a major information about the monuments and then publishing it through various media. source of their livelihood? Ans: i. Both Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani are *2. Describe any three types of tourism. hill stations. Thousands of tourists visit Ans: Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.5 to Q.13. these places. [Note: Students are expected to write any ii. These tourists who come on the three types of tourism] sightseeing tour are accompanied and CONTENT provided with relevant information by *3. What are the professional fields associated the local tourist guides. with tourism? iii. Photographers click nice snaps for the Ans: Tourism and Hospitality industry creates tourists. maximum employment opportunities. Some of iv. The horse keepers take tourists on horse the professional fields associated with tourism cart rides. The recreational horse riding are as follows: is a popular activity. i. Hotel Industry: This industry ensures v. This means that tourist guides, the hospitality of tourists through proper photographers, horse keepers and others arrangement of food and stay. are required for guiding the tourists. It is ii. Tour guide: A tour guide is a person who the local people who are engaged in guides tourists in their language (or the these activities and they earn good language of their choice) and presents the money for their services. cultural and natural sights of the area. Thus, tourism serves as a major source of iii. Translator: A person can work as a livelihood for the local people in places like translator when the tourist visits a site or Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani. meets people belonging to a particular culture. Answer in Detail iv. Tour operator: A tour operator typically combines tour and travel 1. What is ‘Heritage Walk’? components to create holiday packages. SAMPLEAns: i. Heritage awareness is an important He or she will deal with various service component of conservation of a country’s providers, including bus operators, culture. To create this awareness among airlines and hoteliers. people, heritage walk is undertaken. Thus, v. Local Businesses: Tourism gives visiting historical heritage places is known impetus to local businesses like as ‘Heritage Walk’. handicrafts, etc. 102 102 Chapter 8: Tourism and History 3. ‘Maza Pravas’ written by Vishnubhat Godse Explain the Statements with Reasons is an important source of history. Justify *1. The number of people travelling back and Answers: forth from India has increased 1. Since ancient times, the tradition of travelling considerably. from corner to corner was prevalent in India. Ans: i. The availability of railway, marine and 2. Vishnubhat Godse travelled during the times air transport, has made travelling abroad of the Indian war of Independence in 1857. easier. 3. i. ‘Maza Pravas’ (My Travels) is a ii. There is a trans-European railway route. Marathi travelogue written by iii. Marine transport has linked the coastal Vishnubhat Godse. It gives an account regions and aviation has brought the of his journey from Maharashtra to entire world closer. Ayodhya and back to Maharashtra. iv. Also, due to the economic liberalisation ii. Vishnubhat travelled during the times of policy of the Indian government, the Indian war of Independence in 1857. travelling abroad has become easier As he was the eyewitness for many than before. events related to this historical event, Therefore, the number of people travelling his book gives detailed descriptions back and forth from India has increased about various incidences which considerably. occurred during this period, especially those about the life of *2. It is important to take a few primary Rani Lakshmibai, the queen of Jhansi. precautions in order to preserve the iii. Moreover, this book also gives historical heritage sites. information about the nature of Marathi Ans: i. The desire of the tourists to visit language of the 18th century. national and international monuments, Thus, it can be said that, the book ‘Maza places of historical importance & Pravas’ is one of the most important sources natural beauty, ancient centres known of history of that period. for handicrafts, pilgrim centres, industrial centres and sites of various Apply Your Knowledge developmental projects, etc., promotes tourism. 1. Let us find out (Textbook page no. 54) ii. Also, tourism creates employment Apart from the types of tourism mentioned opportunities for local people. CONTENTin paragraphs on page no. 53 and 54 of the iii. The historical sites help in textbook, there are other types like science understanding the contributions or tourism, leisure and relaxation tourism also achievements of our ancestors. Hence, known as wellness tourism, cultural they should be preserved for future tourism and group tourism, etc. Find more generations. information about it with the help of the iv. Moreover, when a heritage site is teachers and internet. declared as a World Heritage site, it Ans: i. Science Tourism: makes everyone feel proud about it. Science tourism involves visiting and Therefore, it is important to take a few exploring scientific landmarks, primary precautions in order to preserve the including museums, laboratories, historical heritage sites. observatories and universities. Read the Passage and Answer the For e.g.: The Jantar Mantar observatory at Jaipur, Questions based on it New Delhi, Ujjain, Mathura and th Varanasi constructed in the early 18 century is visited by tourists. [‘The tradition of travelling ...... Besides this, there are some scientific ...... important sources of history attractions belonging to the modern of that period.’] period. For e.g. Gujarat Science City is one of the best place for people to learn SAMPLE (Textbook page no. 53) about science and the great people who Questions: contributed to the modern world. 1. Which tradition of travelling was prevalent in Also, the Nehru Science Centre [NSC], India since ancient times? located in Worli, Mumbai is the largest 2. When did Vishnubhat Godse travel? interactive science centre in India. It 103 Std. X: History and Political Science organises high quality science exhibits 2. Do this (Textbook page no. 55) and other educational related Gather more information about the programmes and activities. ‘Swachh Bharat Drive’. Similarly, at the Nehru Planetarium, Ans: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or drive was special arrangements are made to watch, officially launched on 2nd October, 2014 at study and photograph Solar & Lunar Rajghat, New Delhi by the Prime Minister of eclipses. Telescopes are installed to India, Mr. Narendra Modi. It is India’s largest watch these phenomena. cleanliness drive. The campaign aims to clean ii. Leisure and Relaxation Tourism: up the streets, roads & infrastructure of India’s Stepping outside of a busy lifestyle for cities, smaller towns and rural areas. The releasing the stress or travelling during objective of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan includes free time comes under ‘leisure and eliminating open defecation through the relaxation tourism’. It is also known as construction of household owned and ‘Wellness tourism’. community-owned toilets. It aims to achieve For e.g. Relaxing on beaches or in a an Open-Defecation Free [ODF] India by nd th room or going on guided tours and 2 October, 2019, the 150 birth anniversary experiencing local tourist attraction are of Mahatma Gandhi. some examples of this type of tourism. [Source: iii. Cultural Tourism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_ Abhiyan ] Cultural tourism includes activities like visiting educational institutes of repute; 3. Can you tell? (Textbook page no. 55) trying to get a glimpse of local culture, history & traditions; visiting historical i. What facilities should be made available to monuments at a place; trying to the tourists? appreciate the achievements of local Ans: Following facilities should be made available people and also participating in the local to the tourists- festivals of dance, music, etc. a. Ensuring safe transport and security For e.g., Fairs and festivals are facilities for the tourists. organised in Rajasthan and Madhya b. Providing good accommodation and Pradesh with the objective of promoting amenities. tourism. Tourists from different places c. Making arrangements for good come in large numbers to see these CONTENTwashroom facilities on the travel routes. festivals. d. Furnishing the tourists with pamphlets, iv. Group Tourism: guides and history books about a tourist Travelling in groups is called as group site in different languages. tourism. Various tour and travel e. Training the taxi drivers as tourist agencies organise group tours for people guides and making them capable of and take them to different tourist conversing in more than one language. destinations in India and abroad. f. Providing special facilities to In the latter half of the 19th century, the handicapped tourists to cater to their name of Thomas Cook is noteworthy in needs. the context of group tourism. He organised a trip by railway from ii. How would you behave with the tourist if Leicester to Loughborough for about you are the local person at a tourist site? 600 people. Later, he successfully Ans: a. ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ or ‘The guest is organised a round trip of Europe. equivalent to God’ prescribes the Finally, he established a travel agency host-guest relationship. It is the tagline which sold tourist tickets. This early of India’s Ministry of Tourism’s venture of Thomas Cook led to the campaign to improve the treatment of development of modern tourism. tourists in India. Hence, I will also In modern times, package tourism which welcome the tourist and take care of SAMPLEis a branch of group tourism is gaining him/her. popularity. Package tours are organised b. I will ensure that he is provided with by a tour operator and sold to a hygienic food, good amenities and consumer by a travel agent. Transport proper accommodation. and accommodation are done by the tour c. If he/she needs any kind of help, I will operator. assist him/her. 104 104 Chapter 8: Tourism and History d. I will take care that he/she is not engaged in various activities and earn misguided while travelling. their livelihood. e. I will treat the tourist as a part of my b. Because of employment, their standard family and thus, take utmost care to of living increases. They can satisfy ensure that he/she enjoys the stay. their basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, education and health. 4. Try this (Textbook page no. 55) c. Due to the advent of tourism, the Collect pictures and photos of the cultural, underdeveloped regions have started natural and mixed heritage sites in India, developing. Transport and with the help of internet. communication has increased. Due to [Note: Student should visit whc.unesco.org this, villages have got connected to and collect pictures and photos] main cities. 5. Try this (Textbook page no. 56) Open Ended Question Type Organise ‘Heritage Walks’ with the help of your teachers as part of educational tours *1. What would you do to develop the to historical places. surroundings of your village/town to help [Note: Students are expected to perform the the growth of tourism? above activity with the help of their teacher.] Ans: In order to develop the surroundings of my 6. Can you tell. (Textbook page no. 57) town, I will do the following things which will i. What kind of new occupations were help the growth of tourism: introduced in the surroundings of your i. With the help of my friends, I will keep village/town because of growing tourism? my surrounding clean by taking part in Ans: a. In my town, there is a beach and a very regular ‘Cleanliness Drives’. famous fort. This fort is surrounded by ii. I will, with the help of elders and the sea. concerned government authorities, see b. Tourists very often visit my town to see to it that the roads leading to the tourist the fort and also to enjoy on beach. Due site are developed. to growing tourism, new occupations CONTENT were introduced in the surroundings of iii. I will request the concerned authorities my town. to put up sign boards highlighting the c. The beach in my town is clean. This has importance of a particular place. enabled the development of certain iv. I will request the local authorities to water sports like Banana Boat Ride, Jet conduct seminars for people to create Skiing, Parasailing, Bumper Tube Ride, awareness among them about the etc. importance and benefits of tourism. d. Fort Trek is another important activity v. I will request the local authorities to which is carried out in my town. establish hotels for the tourists so that e. Due to tourism, various craftsmen get they enjoy their stay. an opportunity to sell their handicrafts. vi. With the help of a website developer, I f. Artisans get an opportunity to will make a website highlighting the sell jewellery, food items, household significance of my town. items, etc.
Project ii. What difference could be observed in the lifestyle of people in the surroundings of *1. Explain the need to preserve the heritage your village-town because of growing sites. What measures are required to SAMPLEtourism? achieve it? Discuss. Ans: a. Due to the advent of tourism, Ans: i. India has a rich cultural and natural opportunities for employment are heritage. It is full of historical sites created. New occupations are dating to ancient, medieval and modern introduced. Hence, local people can get period. 105 Std. X: History and Political Science ii. These heritage sites are real connection to our past. It proves the existence of our ancestors and every historical site
has an important story to tell. Hence, it
is the duty of every generation to preserve the historical sites. iii. Also, the historical places, monuments, etc., can be showcased to the common people, students, researchers, historians
and others as contributions or
achievements of our ancestors. Following measures should be taken to preserve the heritage sites: a. To prevent ourselves and others from scribbling on the walls. b. To participate in the regular
‘Cleanliness Drives’. c. To avoid vandalising of any historical site. d. To restore the damaged historical monuments with the help of the authorities who are in-charge of those
sites.
e. To devise proper legal framework to preserve monuments at national and global level and to strictly implement the laws made to save monuments. f. To keep factories and other polluters CONTENT away from the historical sites.
g. To be a part of the ‘Adopt a Heritage’
initiative. h. To conduct seminars and undertake ‘heritage walk’ to spread awareness among people about the significance of historical sites.
SAMPLE
106 106 Chapter 8: Tourism and History
Chapter Assessment
Total Marks: 25
1. (A) Choose the correct alternative and write the correct sentence. [3] i. The Marathi writer, ______arranges tours to forts built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Maharashtra. (A) Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar (B) Vishnubhat Godse (C) Acharya Atre (D) Vijay Tendulkar
ii. The Heritage walk organised in the ______city of Gujarat in well known. (A) Vadodara (B) Gandhinagar (C) Ahmedabad (D) Surat
iii. The Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation was set up in ______(A) 1975 (B) 1976 (C) 1977 (D) 1978
(B) Identify the correct pair and rewrite the corrected ones. [2] i. Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ a. Verul Rock-cut cave b. Jejuri Hill station c. Dehu Pilgrim centre d. Bhatghar Dam
ii. Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’ a. Benjamin Travelled to France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Persia, India and China. b. Marco Polo Took the world on a virtual travel of the Islamic world with his travel accounts. c. Gerardus A cartographer, known for creating a world map and Mercator globe of the earth. CONTENT d. Yuan Shwang The Chinese monk who travelled to India in 630 C.E.
2. (A) Complete the given concept chart. [2] i. (b)
Pilgrim Centre
Tourist (a) Dam Centres in Hill station (c) Maharashtra
Sanctuary
(d)
(B) Write short notes on. (Any TWO) [4] i. Tourism based on special events SAMPLE ii. Sports Tourism iii. Local and Interstate Tourism
3. (A) Explain the statement with reasons. (Any ONE) [3] i. The number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased considerably. ii. Bhilar is known as the ‘Village of Books’. 107 Std. X: History and Political Science (B) Answer in brief (25 - 30 words). (Any ONE) [3] i. Write the characteristics of the travelogue ‘Maza Pravas’. ii. In what ways tourism help in the growth of employment opportunities at the local level?
4. Read the passage and answer the questions based on it. [4]
[‘To go on a tour for visiting historical...... as a part heritage scheme.’]
(Textbook page no. 56) Questions: i. What is ‘Heritage Walk’? (1) ii. Name two cities in Maharashtra where heritage walks are organised regularly. (1) iii. Do you think heritage walk helps in the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage? Explain. (2)
5. Answer in detail. (Any ONE) [4] i. Explain in detail the tradition of travelling. ii. Explain in detail the types of tourism given below: a. Historical Tourism b. Health Tourism
Answers: 1. (A) i. (A) ii. (C) iii. (A)
(B) i. The incorrect pair is: Jejuri Hill station The appropriate pair should be: Jejuri Pilgrim centre
ii. The incorrect pair is: Marco Polo – Took the world on a virtualCONTENT travel of the Islamic world with his travel accounts. The appropriate pair should be: Marco Polo – Introduced Asia, especially China to Europe.
2. (A) i. a. Dam Jayakwadi, Bhatghar, Chandoli and Koynanagar. b. Pilgrim centre Shirdi, Nashik, Pandharpur, Tryambakeshwar, Shegaon, Tuljapur, Kolhapur, Paithan, Dehu, Alandi, Jejuri, Haji Malang, Gurudwara at Nanded and Mumbai’s Mount Mary Church. c. Hill station Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani, Khandala, Lonavala, Matheran and Chikhaldara. d. Sanctuary Dajipur, Sagareshwar and Tadoba. (Note: Students may write any one from each)
(B) i. Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.12. ii. Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.11. iii. Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.5.
3. (A) SAMPLE i. Refer ‘Explain the statements with reasons’; Q.1 ii. Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.14.
(B) i. Refer ‘Read the passage and answer the questions based on it’; Q.3. ii. Refer ‘Answer in Brief’; Q.4. 108 108 Chapter 8: Tourism and History 4. i. To go on a tour for visiting historical places is known as ‘Heritage Walk’. ii. Mumbai and Pune are the two cities in Maharashtra where heritage walks are organised regularly.
iii. Yes, I think Heritage Walk helps in the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage because - a. It encourages people to support projects like the conservation and preservation of historical monuments. b. It helps in collecting authentic information about the monuments and then publishing it through various media. c. It creates awareness among the people about the historicity of areas and related cultural values.
5. i. Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.1.
ii. Refer ‘Write Short Notes on’; Q.7 and Q.9.
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