ФОТОДВИЖЕНИЕ КЛЕТОК Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae)

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ФОТОДВИЖЕНИЕ КЛЕТОК Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae) Н.П. МАСЮК, Ю.И. ПОСУДИН, Г.Г. ЛИЛИЦКАЯ ФОТОДВИЖЕНИЕ КЛЕТОК Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae) - 1 - НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК УКРАИНЫ ИНСТИТУТ БОТАНИКИ им. Н.Г. ХОЛОДНОГО НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АГРАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Н.П. Масюк, Ю.И. Посудин, Г.Г. Лилицкая ФОТОДВИЖЕНИЕ КЛЕТОК Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae) Киев 2007 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE M.G. KHOLODNY INSTITUTE OF BOTANY NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Маssjuk N., Posudin Yu., Lilitskaya G. PHOTOMOVEMENT OF THE CELLS OF Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae) Kyiv 2007 - 2 - Об авторах Масюк Надежда Прохоровна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Института ботаники им. Н.Г. Холодного Национальной академии наук Украины. Много лет изучает водоросли (биоразнообразие, флора, систематика, экология, география, происхождение, эволюция, филогения, место в системе органического мира, прикладная альгология). Проблемами фотодвижения интересуется в связи с исследованиями разнообразия, филогении фитофлагеллят, вопросами их классифицирования, биотехнологии выращивания каротиноносных водорослей и получения из них препаратов каротина. Автор 260 научных работ. Посудин Юрий Иванович, профессор, доктор биологических наук, заведующий кафедрой биофизики Национального аграрного университета. Закончил в 1969 г. радиофизический факультет Киевского государственного университета им. Т. Шевченко. Основные научные интересы - исследование фотобиологических реакций высших и низших растений, неразрушающий контроль качества сельскохозяйственной продукции. Автор 15 книг и свыше 100 статей. Лилицкая Галина Георгиевна, ведущий инженер Института ботаники им. Н.Г. Холодного Национальной академии наук Украины. Закончила биологический факультет Киевского государственного университета им. Т. Шевченко в 1986 г. Имеет около 40 публикаций по фотодвижению водорослей, биоразнообразию и флоре. - 3 - УДК581.188.12 ББК 28.571я73 П63 Масюк Н.П., Посудин Ю.И., Лилицкая Г.Г. Фотодвижение клеток Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae). - Киев, 2007. - 264 с. В монографии представлен обзор исторического развития и современного состояния фундаментальных исследований фотодвижения водорослей. Рассмотрены вопросы терминологии и логические основы классификации фотодвижения микроорганизмов, приведена детальная характеристика рода Dunaliella Teod. как основного объекта исследований. Освещены результаты экспериментальных исследований параметров фотодвижения двух видов Dunaliella и влияния на них абиотических факторов, процессов фоторецепции, сенсорного преобразования поглощенного фоторецепторными молекулами кванта света в сигнал, управляющий работой жгутикового аппарата, особенностей работы жгутиков. Рассмотрена возможность использования видов Dunaliella как тест-объектов, а параметров фотодвижения – в качестве тест-функций в процессе биотестирования водных сред на содержание поверхностно-активных веществ, солей тяжелых металлов, пестицидов. Перспективным для биотестирования признан метод лазерной допплеровской спектроскопии. Для оценки влияния токсикантов предложен векторный метод биотестирования водных сред. Обсуждается возможность использования полученных данных для совершенствования биотехнологии утилизации каротиноносных штаммов Dunaliella. Сделана попытка оценки значения данных о фотодвижении водорослей для эволюционной биологии, филогенетики, систематики и таксономии, экологии и географии водорослей. Предлагается программа дальнейших исследований в области фотобиологии движения фитофлагеллят. Рассчитана на альгологов и протистологов широкого профиля, гидробиологов, биофизиков, физиологов, экологов и биотехнологов, преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов биологических факультетов высших учебных заведений. У монографії наведено огляд історичного розвитку і сучасного стану фундаментальних досліджень фоторуху водоростей. Розглядаються питання термінології і пропонуються логічні основи класифікації фоторуху мікроорганізмів. Подано детальну характеристику роду Dunaliella Teod. як основного об’єкта досліджень. Викладено результати експериментального вивчення основних параметрів фоторуху Dunaliella та впливу на них абіотичних факторів, процесів фоторецепції, сенсорного перетворення поглинутого фоторецепторними молекулами кванта світла у сигнал, що керує роботою джгутикового апарату, особливостей роботи джгутиків. Розглянута можливість використання видів Dunaliella як тест об’єктів, а параметрів їх фоторуху як тест-функцій для біотестування водного середовища, що містить поверхневоактивні речовини, солі важких металів, пестициди. Перспективним для біотестування визнано метод лазерної допплерівської спектроскопії. Для оцінки впливу токсикантів розроблено векторний метод біотестування водного середовища. Обговорюється можливість використання одержаних даних для удосконалення технології отримання препаратів каротину з каротиносних штамів Dunaliella salina. Зроблено спробу оцінити значення даних про фоторух водоростей для еволюційної біології, філогенетики, систематики і таксономії, екології і географії водоростей. Пропонується програма подальших досліджень в галузі фотобіології руху фітофлагелят. Розрахована на альгологів та протистологів широкого профілю, гідробіологів, біофізиків, фізіологів, екологів та біотехнологів, викладачів, аспірантів та студентів біологічних факультетів вищих навчальних закладів. Утверждено к печати Ученым советом Института ботаники им. Н.Г. Холодного НАН Украины Рецензенты: чл.-кор. НАН Украины, профессор Г. В. ДОНЧЕНКО д-р биол. н., профессор Ю.П. ГОРГО Электронный макет монографии Н.П. Масюк, Ю.И.Посудин, Г.Г. Лилицкая Фотодвижение клеток Dunaliella Teod. (Dunaliellales, Chlorophyceae, Viridiplantae) подготовлен в Электронном издательстве «Аналитическая микроскопия» (рег. Свидетельство Эл № 77- 6072 Министерства РФ по делам печати, телерадиовещания и средств массовой информации от 4 февраля 2002 г.). Электронный макет подготовила ред.1 кат. Шатурная Н.В.Гл. ред. Проф. А.Ю.Буданцев Ó Электронное издательство “Аналитическая микроскопия” Пущино, 2007 г. ISBN 000000 ©Ин-т ботаники им. Н.Г. Холодного НАН Украины, 2007 ©Национальный аграрный университет, 2007 ©Академпериодика, 2007 - 4 - СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Введение ГЛАВА 1. Фотодвижение водорослей – история исследований и современное состояние проблемы ГЛАВА 2. Вопросы терминологии и логические основы классификации светозависимого поведения свободноподвижных микроорганизмов (фототаксисов) 2.1. Состояние вопроса 2.2. Параметрический принцип классификации фотодвижения организмов Заключение ГЛАВА 3. Род Dunaliella Teod.: морфология, способы размножения, экология, эволюция, географическое распространение, вопросы систематики 3.1. История открытия и описания рода Dunaliella 3.2. Морфология 3.3. Способы размножения 3.4. Экология и географическое распространение 3.5. Положение рода Dunaliella в системе зеленых водорослей 3.6. Внутриродовая классификация ГЛАВА 4. Исследование фотодвижения Dunaliella 4.1. Объекты исследований 4.2. Методы исследований фотодвижения Dunaliella 4.2.1. Экспериментальная установка 4.2.2. Измерение скорости движения клеток водорослей 4.2.3. Измерение фототопотаксиса 4.2.4. Фурье-преобразование углового распределения клеток 4.3. Результаты исследования фотодвижения Dunaliella и их обсуждение 4.3.1. Фотокинез и фотокинетические реакции 4.3.2. Фототопотаксис 4.3.3. Фурье-преобразование углового распределения клеток Заключение ГЛАВА 5. Влияние абиотических факторов на фотодвижение Dunaliella 5.1. Влияние температуры 5.2. Влияние электрических полей 5.3. Влияние рH среды 5.4. Одновременное влияние нескольких внешних факторов 5.5. Влияние ультрафиолетового излучения 5.6. Влияние ионизирующего излучения Заключение ГЛАВА 6. Структура фоторецепторной системы 6.1. Проблемы фоторецепции у водорослей 6.2. Структура фоторецепторных систем зеленых водорослей 6.3. Структура фоторецепторной системы Dunaliella 6.3.1. Стигма у изученных видов Dunaliella 6.3.2. Выяснение структуры фоторецептора Dunaliella 6.3.3.Использование техники облучения суспензии клеток водоросли двумя потоками света Заключение ГЛАВА 7. Идентификация фоторецепторных пигментов 7.1. Характеристика фоторецепторных пигментов 7.2. Идентификация фоторецепторных пигментов Euglena gracilis 7.2.1. Дискуссия относительно фоторецепторных пигментов Euglena gracilis 7.2.2. Выделение пигментов 7.2.3. Микроспектрофотометрия и микрофлуориметрия пигментов - 5 - 7.2.4. Определение спектра действия фотобиологических реакций 7.2.5. Биохимические методы 7.2.6. Изучение влияния специфических химпрепаратов 7.2.7. Использование заместителей фоторецепторных пигментов 7.3. Идентификация фоторецепторных пигментов у зеленых водорослей 7.4. Идентификация фоторецепторных пигментов у Dunaliella 7.4.1. Анализ спектра действия фототопотаксиса Dunaliella 7.4.2. Использование латерального ультрафиолетового излучения Заключение ГЛАВА 8. Механизмы фоторецепции и фотоориентации Dunaliella 8.1. Известные механизмы фоторецепции и фотоориентации водорослей 8.2. Диффракционный механизм фоторецепции и фотоориентации Dunaliella 8.3. О роли белков в механизмах фоторегуляции движения жгутиковых водорослей Заключение ГЛАВА 9. Сенсорное преобразование у Dunaliella 9.1. Методы исследования сенсорного преобразования 9.2. Сенсорное преобразование у Euglena gracilis 9.3. Сенсорное преобразование у зеленых водорослей 9.4. Сенсорное преобразование у Dunaliella 9.4.1. Методы исследований 9.4.2. Влияние ионов кальция 9.4.3. Влияние ионофора А23187 9.4.4. Влияние оуабаина 9.4.5. Влияние ионов кобальта 9.4.6. Влияние
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    277 VIII. VIII. REFERENCES (文献) Abe ,J. ,Kubo ,T. ,Takagi ,Y. ,Saito ,T. ,Miura ,K. , 13 Aoki ,S. ,Ohara ,S. ,Ki mura ,K. ,Mizuguchi ,H. ,Fuse ,Y., Fukuzawa ,H. ,Matsuda , Y. 2004 Th e 回 nscriptional Yamada , E. 2008 Characterization of dissolved organic programofs 戸lchronous gametogenesis in Chlamydomonas matter released from Microcystis aeruginosa. Ana l. Sci. ,24 , reinhardtii. reinhardtii. Cu rr. Genet. ,46 ,302 ・315.S 回 in:2235 389-394. S住ain:l09 2 Abe ,T. ,Tsuzuki ,M. ,Kaplan ,A., Miyachi , S. 1987 14 Aoshima ,J., Kubota ,M. ,Nishimura ,T. ,Iwamur 九 T. 1984 Transport Transport and fixation of inorganic carbon during DNA polymerases of Chlorella. 11. Characterization to photosynthesis photosynthesis of Anabaena grown under ordinary air. distinguish the two enzymes. J. Biochem. ,96 ,461 -4 73. II.E 能 ct of sodium concen 回 tion during growth on the S位百 in:2170 induction induction of active 仕'anspo 託 system for IC. Plant Cell 15 15 Aoshima ,J. ,Nishimura ,T. ,Iw 釘 nura , T. 1982 DNA Physiol. ,28 ,671 ・677.S 住ain:2093 polymerases polymerases of Chlorella. I. Chloroplastic and nuclear DNA 3 Abe ,T. ,Tsuzuki ,M. ,Miyachi , S. 1987 Transport and polymerases in synchronized algal cells. Cell Struct. Funct. , fixation fixation of inorganic carbon during photosynthesis of 7,327 ・340.S 仕ain:2170 Anabaena grown under ordinary air. I. Active species of inorganic inorganic carbon utilized for photos 卯也esis. Plant Cell 16 Aoyama ,K. ,Uemura ,I., Miyake ,J. ,Asada , Y. 1997 Fermentative Fermentative metabolism to produce hydrogen g鎚 and Physio l., 28 ,273 ・28 1. Strain:2093 organic organic compounds in a cyanobacterium ,Spirulina 4 Abe ,T.
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