Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 Attachment A Updated April 17, 2019 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan July 2018 Att A Page 1 Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 Department of Natural Resources and Parks Solid Waste Division 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan July 2018 Updated April 17, 2019 Alternate formats available 206-477-4466; TTY relay: 711 www.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan - July 2018 i Att A Page 2 Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 Acknowledgements Prepared by King County Solid Waste Division Department of Natural Resources and Parks 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 701 Seattle, WA 98104-3855 kingcounty.gov/solidwaste Pat D. McLaughlin, Division Director Glynda Stein, Assistant Division Director Meg Moorehead, Strategy, Communications and Performance Manager Jeff Gaisford, Recycling and Environmental Services Manager Eben Sutton, Enterprise Services Manager Aaron Jeide, Human Resources Manager Neil Fujii, Facilities Engineering and Science Unit Manager Bill Berni, Operations Manager In collaboration with: Solid Waste Advisory Committee April Atwood, Vice-Chair Kim Kaminski David Baker Phillippa Kassover Elly Bunzendahl Kevin Kelly, Chair Joe Casalini Keith Livingston Gib Dammann Ken Marshall Karen Dawson Barb Ristau Jean Garber Stephen Strader Mason Giem Penny Sweet David Hill Metropolitan Solid Waste Management Advisory Committee City of Algona City of Kirkland City of Auburn City of Lake Forest Park City of Bellevue City of Maple Valley City of Black Diamond City of Mercer Island City of Bothell City of Newcastle City of Burien City of Normandy Park City of Clyde Hill City of Redmond City of Covington City of Renton City of Des Moines City of Sammamish City of Enumclaw City of SeaTac City of Federal Way City of Shoreline City of Issaquah City of Snoqualmie City of Kenmore City of Woodinville City of Kent ii 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan - July 2018 Att A Page 3 Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 King County Executive Dow Constantine Department of Natural Resources and Parks Christie True, Director Bob Burns, Deputy Director King County Council Rod Dembowski, District 1 Larry Gossett, District 2 Kathy Lambert, Council Vice Chair, District 3 Jeanne Kohl-Welles, District 4 Dave Upthegrove, District 5 Claudia Balducci, District 6 Pete von Reichbauer, District 7 Joe McDermott, Council Chair, District 8 Reagan Dunn, District 9 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan - July 2018 iii Att A Page 4 Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 Contents Acknowledgements ..............................................................................ii Acronyms and Abbreviations, and Common Terms . x Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................x Common Terms ..............................................................................xi Executive Summary . xv Chapter 1 Introduction Summary of the Plan Organization ................................................................1-2 Chapter 2 The Existing Solid Waste System Policies Figure 2-1. King County service area ......................................................2-2 The Solid Waste System...........................................................................2-3 Collection of Solid Waste and Recyclables .....................................................2-3 Figure 2-2. The Solid Waste System . 2-4 Transfer ......................................................................................2-6 Figure 2-3. Map of transfer station locations . 2-7 Processing of Commingled Recyclables . 2-8 Figure 2-4. Locations of composting, materials recovery, and designated construction and demolition recycling and disposal facilities ...............................2-9 Table 2-1. Materials recovery facilities locations and tons processed in 2017.................2-10 Disposal . 2-10 Figure 2-5. Current layout of the Cedar Hills Regional Landfill...............................2-11 Figure 2-6. Landfill gas-to-energy process..................................................2-12 Solid Waste System Planning . 2-13 Table 2-2. Roles in regional planning and administration . 2-15 Trends in Solid Waste Management . 2-18 Leading the Way in Waste Prevention, Recycling and Product Stewardship . 2-18 Expanding the Collection of Recyclable and Degradable Materials . 2-19 Building a New Generation of Transfer Stations ................................................2-19 Managing Solid Waste Disposal with an Eye to the Future ..........................................2-21 Financing the Solid Waste System for the Long Term...........................................2-21 Protecting Natural Resources through Environmental Stewardship.............................2-21 Additional Planning Considerations ...............................................................2-22 Climate Change ..............................................................................2-22 Equity and Social Justice......................................................................2-25 iv 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan - July 2018 Att A Page 5 Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 Chapter 3 Forecasting and Data Policies Summary of Recommended Actions Forecasting.......................................................................................3-1 Figure 3-1. Transfer station service areas population 2025-2040.............................3-3 Figure 3-2. Estimated share of population increase 2025-2040 for transfer station service areas ..............................................................3-4 Figure 3-3. Projection of solid waste recycled and disposed 2018-2040 . 3-4 Current Data on Regional Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal...............................3-5 Figure 3-4. 2015 Recycling and disposal by generator type . 3-5 Single-Family Residents ......................................................................3-6 Figure 3-5. 2015 Recycling and disposal by single-family residents..........................3-6 Multi-Family Residents . 3-7 Figure 3-6. 2015 Recycling and disposal by multi-family residents ..........................3-7 Non-Residential Generators...................................................................3-8 Figure 3-7. 2015 Recycling and disposal by non-residential generators......................3-8 Self-haulers ..................................................................................3-9 Figure 3-8. 2015 Recycling and disposal by transfer facility self-haulers . 3-9 Generators of Construction and Demolition Debris ............................................3-9 Figure 3-9. 2015 Construction and demolition materials diverted and disposed .............3-10 Tracking Progress.................................................................................3-10 Tonnage and Transaction Data................................................................3-11 Reports from the Commercial Collection Companies ..........................................3-11 Ecology Survey Data..........................................................................3-12 Waste Characterization Studies . 3-12 Solid Waste Characterization Studies..........................................................3-13 Organics Characterization Studies . 3-14 Construction and Demolition Debris Characterization Studies . 3-14 Planning Tools....................................................................................3-14 Plans and Studies . 3-15 Evaluation of Technologies . 3-16 Waste Prevention and Recycling Studies ......................................................3-16 Other Plans Considered ......................................................................3-17 Chapter 4 Sustainable Materials Management Policies Summary of Recommended Actions Benefits of Recycling Efforts . .. 4-2 Goal and Targets..................................................................................4-3 Figure 4-1. Organics: Opportunities, values, and benefits in King County ....................4-4 Figure 4-2. Recycling rate over time........................................................4-6 Figure 4-3. One approach of regional cooperation toward 70% recycling goal using collective mandatory actions . 4-7 2019 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan - July 2018 v Att A Page 6 Ordinance 18893 Updated April 17, 2019 Tools Used to Meet the Recommended Goal and Targets ......................................4-8 Table 4-1. Examples of successes achieved using various tools..............................4-8 Taking a Sustainable Materials Management Approach . 4-10 Figure 4-4. Materials life cycle . 4-10 Design and Production . 4-11 Use and Reuse . 4-11 End-of-Life Management . 4-12 Turning Wastes to Resources . 4-13 Table 4-2. Designated recyclables . 4-14 Figure 4-5. Recycling potential of materials disposed in 2015 ...............................4-15 Priority Materials . 4-16 Organics . 4-16 Priority Materials for Collection at King County Transfer Facilities...............................4-17 Markets for Recyclable Materials ..................................................................4-17 LinkUp – Expanding Markets for Recyclable and Reusable Materials............................4-17 2015 and 2017 Market Assessments...........................................................4-18 Table 4-3. Findings from 2015 and 2017 market assessments . 4-18 Grants to Cities ...................................................................................4-19 Waste Reduction