(Between Warrior and Helplessness in the Valley of Azawaɤ ) Appendix 1: Northern Mali and Niger Tuareg Participation in Violenc
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Appendix 1: Northern Mali and Niger Tuareg Participation in violence as perpetrators, victims, bystanders from November 2013 to August 2014 (Between Warrior and Helplessness in the Valley of Azawaɤ ) Northern Mali/Niger Tuareg participation in violence (perpetrators, victims, bystanders) November 2013 – August 2014. Summarized list of sample incidents from Northern Niger and Northern Mali from reporting tracking by US Military Advisory Team, Niger/Mali – Special Operations Command – Africa, USAFRICOM. Entries in Red indicate no Tuareg involvement; Entries in Blue indicate Tuareg involvement as victims and/or perpetrators. 28 November – Niger FAN arrests Beidari Moulid in Niamey for planning terror attacks in Niger. 28 November – MNLA organizes protest against Mali PMs Visit to Kidal; Mali army fires on protestors killing 1, injuring 5. 30 November – AQIM or related forces attack French forces in Menaka with Suicide bomber. 9 December – AQIM and French forces clash in Asler, with 19 casualties. 14 December – AQIM or related forces employ VBIED against UN and Mali forces in Kidal with 3 casualties. 14 December – MUJWA/AQIM assault a Tuareg encampment with 2 casualties in Tarandallet. 13 January – AQIM or related forces kidnap MNLA political leader in Tessalit. 16 January – AQIM kidnap/executes MNLA officer in Abeibera. 17 January – AQIM or related forces plant explosive device near Christian school and church in Gao; UN forces found/deactivated device. 20 January – AQIM or related forces attacks UN forces with IED in Kidal, 5 WIA. 22 January – AQIM clashes with French Army forces in Timbuktu with 11 Jihadist casualties. 24 January – AQIM or related forces fires two rockets at city of Kidal with no casualties. 21 February – Mali army forces kill 3 Tuareg imɤad (pastoralist) civilians in Djebock. 21 February – MNLA or related forces order state employed salt miners to abandon site in Taoudeni, in extreme northern part of Azawad. 11 March – AQIM or related forces employ IED against French forces with 1 WIA between Tessalit and Aguelhoc. 16 March – AQIM or related forces employ IED against UN forces in Tessalit, 4 WIA. 07 April – AQIM or related forces launch rocket attack on civilian school and French Army base in Kidal. 09 April – AQIM or related forces attack French Army base in Tessalit. 09 April – AQIM or related forces employ IED against UN forces (Chad) vehicle between Aguelhoc and Kidal. 13 April – AQIM or related forces employ IED against French forces in Tessalit, 1 WIA. 14 April – AQIM or related forces launch rocket into the city of Gao; no casualties. 17 April – AQIM clash with French forces in Timbuktu with 10 militant casualties; 5 aid workers released during clash. 352 Appendix 1: Northern Mali and Niger Tuareg Participation in violence as perpetrators, victims, bystanders from November 2013 to August 2014 17 April – AQIM or related forces kidnap 4 MNLA soldiers. 22 April – MNLA clashed with AQIM or related forces in Boughessa with 10 casualties. 22 April – MUJWA announced the death of their French hostage Gilberto Rodrigues Leal. 22 April – AQIM threatens local population in Zouara against helping French forces. 23 April – AQIM or related forces attack UN vehicles with IED in Kidal, 1 WIA. 26 April – French forces clash with Ansar Al-Din, 1 casualty. 28 April – AQIM or related forces attack Mali Army vehicle with IED in Asongo, Mali; 7 WIA. 29-30 April – MNLA clashes with MUJWA in Inabohane and Ibahlal with 11 casualties. 30 April – MUJWA attacks MNLA camp in Kassr al-cheikh. 02 May – UN Forces clash with Illegal Drug Trafficking networks (of unknown origin group). 07 May – AQIM forces employ IED against French troops 1 KIA, in Tessalit. 08 May – AQIM kills 1 MNLA commander and 3 fighters in Tessalit. 13 May – AQIM or related forces employ IED against UN vehicle with 5 KIA in Kidal. 16-17 May – MNLA and supporters Protest visit by Mali PM Moussa Mara in Kidal resulting in clash with Mali forces; 36 casualties. 21 May – Tuareg MNLA seize control of Menaka 21-22 May – MNLA and Mali army forces clash in Kidal with 22 KIA and 38 WIA. MNLA seizes control of Mali army base in Kidal. 24 May – MNLA and aligned Arab Movement for Azawad clash with MUJWA (Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa) in Tabankort, unknown casualties. 29 May – MNLA stages protests against presence of Mali army in Menaka. 29 May – AQIM or related forces attack NGO vehicle with IED; 2 casualties. 30 May – MNLA and aligned MAA forces take control of town of Ber. 04 June – Tuareg MNLA clash with AQIM in Eleoudj, 1 KIA 1 WIA, 1 MNLA fighter kidnapped by AQIM 11 June – AQIM or related forces employ VBIED against UN and Mali forces in Aguelhoc with 5 KIA and 10 WIA. 16 June – Mali Army soldier (Tuareg) defects and joins MNLA in Menaka. 19 June – MNLA seized the local radio station in Menaka and changed its name to “Radio Azawad”. 28 June – MNLA establishes a pro-MNLA bureau in Djebock. 30 June – UN MINUSMA vehicle targeted by AQIM or related forces using IED; 1 KIA, 6 WIA. 353 Appendix 1: Northern Mali and Niger Tuareg Participation in violence as perpetrators, victims, bystanders from November 2013 to August 2014 02 July – MNLA and MUJWA clash in Tabankort, unknown casualties. 11 July – MNLA clash with pro-Mali government segment of Arab Movement of Azawad in Anefis and Tabankort; possible involvement of Mali Army. 14 July – AQIM or related forces attack French forces using SVBIED in Almoustarat, with 1 KIA and 7 WIA. 14 July – AQIM or related forces launched 9 rockets into Aguelhoc without casualties. 15 July – MNLA and Mali Government conduct prisoner exchange in Kidal (41 and 45 persons respectively). 18 July – AQIM or related forces attack UN vehicle with IED in Kidal, 1 WIA. 21 July – MNLA clashes with pro-Mali government Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) led by Mahmoud Ould Jayid; 5 MNLA KIA, 9 WIA. 25 July – MNLA clashes again with pro-Mali government MAA. 27 July – Tuareg clans between Gao and Tahoua clash (Likely Iwellemedan and Kel Adŕaŕ) with 4 KIA and 18 WIA. 29 July – MNLA begins to enforce taxation and customs duties in Menaka. 30 July – MNLA and pro-Mali MAA reach compromise and cease fire. 01 August – Tuareg pastoralist tribes clash over livestock during Razzia, 1 KIA and 2 WIA. 19 August – MNLA and Anti-Mali Government Arab Movement of Azawad clash with AQIM or related forces in Tabankort, with 29 casualties 05 August – Unidentified group abducts, then releases deputy mayor of Kidal, Abda Ag Kazina, by the MNLA because he was accused of having ties to the Mali government in Bamako; released by intersession of HCUA. 09 August – Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) continues its divide into two factions; one (smaller, 5 gun trucks, 20 men led by Mahmoud Ould Jayid) that supports the Mali government in Bamako and the other, aligned with the MNLA. This split was accompanied by armed clashes in Lerneb. 12 August – Communal violence between Niger Fulani tribe and Mali Tuareg clan kills 12 civilian pastoralists near Ansongo 14-15 August – AQIM or related forces employ separate IEDs against UN vehicles in Aguelhoc with total of 3 WIA. 16 August – AQIM or related forces attack UN camp with SVBIED in Ber, with 4 KIA and 9 WIA. 18 August – MNLA forces appointed Tuareg administrators to manage the city of Menaka. 18 August – Tuareg nomads seized livestock from Fulani tribes in Razzia in Seno-Haire village, no casualties. 354 Appendix 2 - French Letter of Compliance with Directorate of Scientific Research, Ministry of Secondary Education (Between Warrior and Helplessness in the Valley of Azawaɤ ) République du Niger Le conseil suprême pour la restauration 15 Mars, 2014 de la démocratie Dr. Mahaman Dan Dah Laoali Ministre de l'Éducation secondaire Secrétaire général a la recherche scientifique Niamey, Niger Objet: Respect des conditions de la recherche scientifique au Niger Cher Dr Mahaman, Ci-joint ma demande formelle pour une autorisation de recherche pour mener des recherches qualitatives sur le terrain dans la région administrative d'Agadez une recherche psychologiques et sociologiques des communautés nomades et transhumants Touaregs des montagnes de l'Aïr. Conformément aux instructions de l'article 4 du décret n ° 0113, en date du 24 Juin 2010, je fais cette demande après avoir reçu l'approbation du protocole de recherche par mon université, l'Université Nova Southeastern, École doctorale des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Département analyse et la résolution des conflits, Fort Lauderdale, Floride, États-Unis Annexe n ° 1 est la traduction française de l'article 1.C (survol rapide), 1.D (Informations de chercheur principal), et 2.C. Partie 1 (But) et partie 2 (Objectifs et Justification) de mon institution d'accueil. Le comité de révision institutionnel / Institutional Review Board (IRB) acceptation pour cette recherche. Les communautés Touaregs d'intérêt de la recherche au Niger sont les communautés Kel Air Confédération de Kel Aïr: Kel Fadey, Kel Ferwan, Kel Ewey, Kel Tagame, Kel Gharous, Kel Tigir, Kel Ikazkhazan, Kel Igdalen, Kel Itesen, Kel Imzaureg, et Kel Dinnik de Ouwellemdin clan (qui ne fait pas parti de Kel Air Confédération). Mes dates de recherche commenceront sur approbation de votre bureau et se termineront le 30 Octobre 2014 au plus tard. Comme je suis affecté à la Mission consultative de l'ambassade des Etats- Unis qui soutient le gouverneur et le commandant de la Zone de la région d'Agadez, je suis restreint à des périodes de voyage et disponibilités de recherche déterminés par le gouverneur de la région et le commandant de la zone, Colonel Noma. Tous les événements de la recherche seront singulièrement approuvés, soit par le gouverneur de la région ou le commandant de zone pour assurer la sécurité des chercheurs.