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THE ANNUAL OF THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS

No. XLVIII

THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS 50 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.i Published by the Managing Committee PRICE: THREE GUINEAS NET

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 28 Sep 2021 at 22:37:33, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400012429 THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS

PATRON HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH, K.G.

PRESIDENT PROFESSOR SIR JOHN L. MYRES, O.B.E., D.Litt., D.Sc, F.B.A., F.S.A.

MANAGING COMMITTEE 1952-53 PROFESSOR R. J. H.JENKINS, M.A., F.S.A., Chairman. "| BERNARD ASHMOLE, Esq., M.C., M.A., B.Litt., F.B.A. > Trustees T. J. DUNBABIN, Esq., D.S.O., M.A., F.S.A. J H.B.M. AMBASSADOR AT ATHENS PROFESSOR R. M. DAWKINS, M.A., F.B.A. SIR JOHN FORSDYKE, K.C.B., M.A. Vice Presidents PROFESSOR A. J. TOYNBEE, M.A., D.Litt., F.B.A., F.S.A. A. J. B. WACE, Esq., M.A., D.Litt., F.B.A., F.S.A. PROFESSOR SIR JOHN BEAZLEY, M.A., Litt.D., F.B.A. Appointed by the University of Oxford. PROFESSOR D. L. PAGE, M.A., F.B.A. Appointed by the University of Cambridge. PROFESSOR C. M. ROBERTSON, M.A. Appointed by the University of London. THE RT. HON. L. S. AMERY, C.H., M.A., D.C.L. Appointed by All Souls College, Oxford. H. M. FLETCHER, Esq., M.A., F.R.I.B.A. Appointed by the Royal Institute of British Architects. Miss W. LAMB, M.A., Sc.D., F.S.A. Appointed by the Hellenic Society. A. ANDREWES, Esq., M.B.E., M.A. R. D. BARNETT, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. R.M. COOK, Esq., M.A. PROFESSOR J. M. R. CORMACK, M.A. PROFESSOR H. FRANKFORT, M.A., Ph.D.Leiden, F.S.A. N. G. L. HAMMOND, Esq., D.S.O., M.A. R. J. HOPPER, Esq., B.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., Joint Editor of the Annual. PROFESSOR D. TALBOT RICE, M.B.E., M.A., B.Sc, D.Litt., F.S.A. PROFESSOR J. M. C. TOYNBEE, M.A., F.B.A., F.S.A.

Secretary, Miss EDITH CLAY, 50 Bedford Square, W.C.i. Hon. Treasurer, V. W. YORKE, Esq., M.A., 9-13 George Street, Manchester Square, W.i. Treasurer, H. E. KNEEN, Esq.

DIRECTOR J. M. COOK, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

PAGE 1. A. J. B. WAGE AND OTHERS. Mycenae, 1939-1952 {Plates 1-28) ..... 3

2. A. FURNESS. The Neolithic Pottery of Knossos {Plates 29-32) ..... 94

3. N. G. L. HAMMOND. Hellenic Houses at Ammotopos in Epirus {Plates 33-34) • 135

4. D. NICOL. The Churches of Molyvdoskepastos {Plate 35) ...... 141

5. J. K. ANDERSON. Excavations near Mamousia in Achaia {Plates 36-38) . . . .154

6. T. J. DUNBABIN AND M. ROBERTSON. Some Protocorinthian Vase-Painters . . .172

7. H. J. W. TILLYARD. The Byzantine Modes in the Twelfth Century . . . .182

8. A. G. WOODHEAD. A Political Sherd {Plate 39) 191

9. R. J. HOPPER. The Attic Silver Mines in the Fourth Century B.C. .... 200

io. S. BENTON. Further Excavations at Aetos (with an Appendix on The Later Corinthian Pottery from Aetos by J. K. Anderson) {Plates 40-70) ...... 255

INDEX ...... 363

MYCENAE 1939-1952.

PART I. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE EXCAVATIONS OF 1952. Fig. 1. Mycenae: Area North-west of Acropolis ...... 2 Fig. 2. Mycenae: The House of the Oil Merchant, Plan ...... 10 Fig. 3. Mycenae: The House of the Oil Merchant, Section at Fig. 2, A . . .11 Fig. 4. Mycenae: The House of the Oil Merchant, Section at Fig. 2, B . . .11

PART II. THE PERSEIA FOUNTAIN HOUSE. Fig. 5. Mycenae: Boundary Stone from the Perseia Fountain House .... 28

PART III. THE AGAMEMNONEION. Fig. 6. Mycenae: Agamemnoneion, Section through Central Area, A-A . . 31 Fig. 7. Mycenae: Agamemnoneion ...... • • 31 Figs. 8-13. Late Geometric Pottery 35~39 & 41 Fig. 14. Subgeometric Krater ...... • • • .41 Fig. 15. Subgeometric Kraters ...... 43 Fig. 16. Archaic Glazed Kraters ...... 43 Fig. 17. Archaic Glazed Kantharos ...... 44 Fig. 18. Archaic Glazed Kantharoi ...... 45 Fig. 19. Archaic Glazed Cups ...... 4^ Fig. 20. Archaic Glazed Cups and Bowl ...... 47 Fig. 21. Archaic Glazed Kalathoi ...... 47 Fig. 22. Archaic Glazed Protome-bowl and Pyxis ...... 48 Fig. 23. Argive Miniature Vases ...... 49 Fig. 24. Argive Miniature Table ...... 49 Fig. 25. Protocorinthian Kotyle ...... 5° Fig. 26. Protocorinthian Kotyle Fragments and Corinthian Alabastron ... 52 Fig. 27. Corinthian Vases ...... 53 Fig. 28. Corinthian Kotyle Fragments ...... 54 Fig. 29. Corinthian Oenochoe Fragment ...... 55 Fig. 30a. Early Black Figure Krater ...... • • • 5^ Fig. 306. Early Black Figure Krater ...... 56 Fig. 31. Black Figure Cup Fragments ...... 57 Fig. 32. Attic Black-glazed Vases ...... 59 Fig. 33. Argive Black-glazed Vases ...... 60 Fig. 34. Miscellaneous Vases ...... • • .61 Fig. 35. Terracotta Plaque ...... • • • .61 Fig. 36. Terracotta Figurines . . . . . • • • • -63 Fig. 37. Terracotta Mule ...... 65

PAOE

Fig. 38. Inscriptions on Vases ...... 65 Fig. 39. Section of Tile 66 Fig. 40. Inscriptions on Tiles ...... 67 Fig. 41. Metal Objects ...... 68

PART IV. THE EPANO PHOURNOS THOLOS TOMB.

Fig. 42. Plan and Section ...... 70 Fig. 43. Fragments of Palace Style Amphorae ...... 74 Fig. 44. Fragments of Palace Style Amphorae ...... 76 Fig. 45. (1-6) Gold, (7-9) Bronze, (10) Amber bead, (11) Paste bead, (12) Clay spool, (13) Strainer spout, (14) Terracotta head ...... 78 Fig. 46. Bronze Javelin Head ...... 79

PART V. A MYCENAEAN CAVALRYMAN.

Fig. 47. Mycenae. Terracotta Horseman (Front Legs of Horse Restored) ... 85 Fig. 48. Mycenae. Terracotta Horseman ...... 85

THE NEOLITHIC POTTERY OF KNOSSOS.

Fig. 1. Distribution of E.N. Finds on the Knossos Mound ...... 101 Fig. 2. Distribution of M.N. Finds on the Knossos Mound ...... 101 Fig. 3. Distribution of L.N. Finds on the Knossos Mound ...... 102 Fig. 4. Coarse Ware Bowls, E.N. and Later ...... 104 Fig. 5. Coarse Ware Jars and Bases, E.N. and Later ...... 106 Fig. 5a. Wishbone Handles ...... 107 Fig. 5&. Strap Handles and Lugs ...... 107 Fig. 5c. Spouts, Ladles, Handles, etc., of Various Dates ...... 109 Fig. 6. Fine Ware Bowls, E.N. and Later ...... 111 Fig. 7. Fine Ware Bowls and Jars, E.N...... 113 Fig. 8. Fine Ware Jars and Bases, E.N. and Later ...... 113 Fig. 9. Trumpeted Handles and Incised Bowls, E.N. I ...... 116 Fig. ga. Incised Bowl in Iraklion Museum ...... 118 Fig. 10. Incised Bowls, E.N. II ...... 119 Fig. 11. Coarse Ware Bowls and Jars, M.N. and L.N...... 122 Fig. 12. Bowls, Bases, Miniature Vessels, etc., M.N...... 124 Fig. 13. (a) Incised Bowls and Jars, M.N. (b) L.N. Decorated Sherds and a Recon- struction of One of the Legged Receptacles ...... 127 Fig. 14. Bowls, Jars, and Miniature Vessels, L.N...... 130 Fig. 15. Raised Bases, E.N.-L.N...... 130 Fig. 16. ' Fruit Stands ' and Bowls, E.M. 130

HELLENIC HOUSES AT AMMOTOPOS IN EPIRUS.

Fig. 1. Looking South from the Site at Ammotopos ...... 135 Figs. 2-4. (2) Site at Ammotopos. (3) Ground Plan of House A. (4) House A. Window in West Wall ...... 137

THE CHURCHES OF MOLYVDOSKEPASTOS. Fig. i. Monastery Church of the Dormition of the Virgin, Molyvdoskepastos. (a) From S.E. (b) From S 142 Fig. 2. Monastery Church of the Dormition, Molyvdoskepastos. Plan . . 143 Fig. 3. Church of St. Demetrios, Molyvdoskepastos. Plan...... 147 Fig. 4. Church of the Holy Apostles, Molyvdoskepastos. Plan . . . . .148 Figs. 5-8. Molyvdoskepastos. 5. Church of the Holy Apostles. Inscriptions Relating to Restorations. 6. N. Gable Window of the Church. 7 and 8. Inscription over Apse, and Plan of Church of the Dormition . . . . .149 Fig. 9. Church of the Holy Trinity, Molyvdoskepastos. Plan and East Front . . 151

EXCAVATIONS NEAR MAMOUSIA IN ACHAIA. Fig. 1. Plan and Sections of the House near Mamousia . . . . . 155 Fig. 2. Small Plates, Bowls, etc. . . . -...... 159 Fig. 3. Bowls with Relief Decoration ...... 160 Fig. 4. Grey and Red-glazed Ware ...... 161 Fig. 5. Lamps, Cooking Pots and Amphora ...... 162 Fig. 6. Cake Stamp 164 Fig. 7. (a), (b) Metal Objects, (c) The Bath from the West 166

SOME PROTOCORINTHIAN VASE-PAINTERS. Aryballos, Oxford 1935, 41 ...... 175

THE BYZANTINE MODES IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY. Figs. 1-25. Signatures of the Byzantine Modes. 26-27, The Ison .... 183

A POLITICAL SHERD. Fig. 1. Fish-plate in the Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge . . .191 Fig. 2. Profile of Inscribed Sherd 192

FURTHER EXCAVATIONS AT AETOS. Fig. 1. Combined Plans ...... 256 Fig. 2. Plan of Further Excavations ...... 258 Fig. 3. Sections of Mycenaean Vases ...... 267 Fig. 4. Sections of Protogeometric Vases ...... 267 Fig. 5. Protogeometric Patterns ...... 268 Fig. 6. Protogeometric Sherds ...... 269 Fig. 7. Cups 273 Fig. 8. Cups, etc 275 Fig. 9. Kantharoi, Pyxides, etc...... 280 Fig. 10. Kotylai, etc 282 Fig. 11. Kantharoi ...... 289

PAGE Fig. 12. Sections of Vases ...... 293 Fig. 13. Lid, Plate and Sections ...... 305 Fig. 14. Patterns of Ithacan Vases ...... 305 Fig. 15. Oinochoai ...... 308 Fig. 16. Vase and Lid ...... 310 Fig. 17. Kotyle 695 ...... 312 Fig. 18. Sherds from Kotylai ...... 316 Fig. 19. Oinochoai and an Aryballos ...... 319 Fig. 20. Vases ...... 321 Fig. 21. Pyxis 827...... 322 Fig. 22. Pyxis and Local Oinochoe ...... 324 Fig. 23. Oinochoai ...... 326 Fig. 24. ' Jazz' and Geometric Patterns . - ...... 330 Fig. 25. Geometric Oinochoe 923 ...... 332 Fig. 26. Orientalising Patterns ...... 332 Fig. 27. Oinochoai 927 and 948 ...... 332 Fig. 28. Oinochoai and a Lid ...... 334 Fig. 29. Oinochoai ...... 335 Fig. 30. Conical Oinochoe 1018...... 336 Fig. 31. Seventh-century Patterns ...... 337 Fig. 32. Plates and Other Vases ...... 339 Fig. 33. A Plate, and Oinochoe Patterns ...... 342 Fig. 34. Orientalising Patterns ...... 344 Fig. 35. Iron Objects 355 Fig. 36. Bronzes and a Seal ...... 357 Fig. 37. ' Corinthian ' Lid K.7 ...... 359 Fig. 38. LPC/Trans. Oinochoe ...... 360 Fig. 39. ' Corinthian ' Oinochoe ...... 360 Fig. 40. Running Dogs from Ovoid Aryballoi ...... 360

MYCENAE 1939-1952.

PART I. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE EXCAVATIONS OF 1952.

1. Prehistoric Cemetery, (a) Alabastron L.H. II. Poros Wall, (b) Chariot Vase, {c) Askos L.H. IIIB. (rf) Stirrup Jar L.H. IIIB. House of Oil Merchant, (e) Spouted Bowl L.H. IIIB. 2. Poros Wall, Group of Bronzes, (a) Ingot Fragments and Lump of Melted Metal, (b) Knives. (c) Chisels, Adze, Hammer, Drill, Double Axe. (d) Dagger, (e) Handle of Cauldron. 3. Prehistoric Cemetery, (a) Grave XXV. (6) Grave XXVII. (c) Grave XXVIII, before opening. (Pithos. (b) Stirrup Jars and Pithoi as found. Prehistoric Cemetery, (c) Hellenistic Grave. Poros Wall, (d) Face from East. 11. House of Wine Merchant. (a) Stirrup Jar. (b) Rhyton L.H. IIIA. (c) Stirrup Jar. (d) Stone and Pottery Caps.

PART II. THE PERSEIA FOUNTAIN HOUSE.

12. Plan of Perseia Fountain House. 13. (a) Perseia Fountain House, Sections through Plan, (b) Agamemnoneion, Plan of Excava- tion. 14. Perseia Fountain House. (a) View from West. (b) Inscribed Poros Base, found by Tsountas. 15. Perseia Fountain House. (a) View from West with Water Channel. (ft) View from North-east. 16. Perseia Fountain House, (a) North-west Corner of Basin A. (b) Abutment of West End of Main Wall against Curved Wall.

PART III. THE AGAMEMNONEION. 17. Left, Geometric Pottery. Right, Early B.F. Fragment. 18. Above, Geometric Pottery. Below, Protocorinthian Sherds. 19. Subgeometric Krateriskoi and Archaic Glazed Ware. 20. Argive Miniature and Corinthian Vases. 21. Corinthian Pottery and B.F. Skyphoi. 22. Various Sherds and Terracottas. 23. Terracotta Figurines.

PART IV. THE EPANO PHOURNOS THOLOS TOMB. 24. Entrance. 25. Palace Style Amphorae (Nos. 2 and 3). 26. Palace Style Amphorae (Nos. 4 and 6). 27. (a-b) Palace Style Amphorae (Nos. 5, 7, 9). (c) Head of Terracotta Warrior (No. 30). 28. (a) Fragment of Jug or Amphora (No. 12). (b) Palace Style Amphora (No. 1). (c-d) Post- Mycenaean Pottery.

THE NEOLITHIC POTTERY OF KNOSSOS. 29. (a) Strap Handles and Lugs, (b) E.N. I Sherds with Plastic Ornament. 30. (a) Pointille Incision and Plastic Ornament, (b) Pointille Incised Ornament, (c) E.N. I Bowl Incised in Pointille Style. 31. (a) Incised Sherds, E.N. II and Later, (b) Pellet Ornament, Pattern Burnish, Grooving, Rippling, etc. 32. (a) L.N. Sherds from Beneath the Central Court, (b) L.N. Handles and Decorated Pieces.

HELLENIC HOUSES AT AMMOTOPOS IN EPIRUS. 33. House A. {a) South and West Walls from Inside, (b) South Wall from Outside, (c) West Wall from Outside. 34. (a) Houses B and C. (b) House D and Buildings, (c) House D. East and South Walls from Inside.

THE CHURCHES OF MOLYVDOSKEPASTOS. 35. (a), (c), (d) Church of the Holy Apostles, (a) From the East, (c) Inscription over West Door of Nave, (d) Portraits of Benefactors, (b) Church of St. Demetrios. Apse.

EXCAVATIONS NEAR MAMOUSIA IN ACHAIA. 36. (a) The Bathroom from the South, (b) The Bath from the South, (c) The Bathroom from the South-west. 37. (a), (b) Storeroom from East and South-west. (c) Fragments of Decorated Pottery. (d) Cake Stamps and Stamp Purchased Locally. 38. Bronze Handles.

A POLITICAL SHERD. 39. (a) Upper Surface; (b) Dedication on Rim.

FURTHER EXCAVATIONS AT AETOS. 40. Walls of Shrine and Agora at Aetos, Ithaca. 41. Cups from Aetos, Ithaca. ' • 42. Kotylai from Aetos, Ithaca. 43. Kotylai from Aetos, Ithaca. 44. Vases from Aetos, Ithaca. 45. Kantharoi from Aetos, Ithaca. 46. Geometric Kantharoi from Aetos, Ithaca. 47. Kantharoi from Aetos, Ithaca. 48. Kraters from Aetos, Ithaca. 49. Kraters from Aetos, Ithaca. 50. Pyxides from Aetos, Ithaca. 51. Lids, etc., from Aetos, Ithaca. 52. Closed Geometric Vases from Aetos, Ithaca. 53. Ffydriai and Amphora from Aetos, Ithaca. 54. Geometric Oinochoai from Aetos, Ithaca. 55. Closed Vases from Aetos, Ithaca. 56. Oinochoai from Aetos, Ithaca. 57. Closed Vases from Aetos, Ithaca. 58. Closed Vases from Aetos, Ithaca. 59. Closed Vases from Aetos, Ithaca. 60. Local Tall-necked Oinochoai from Aetos, Ithaca. 61. Conical Oinochoe (1023), from Aetos, Ithaca. 62. Plates, etc., from Aetos, Ithaca. 63. Ivory and Bone from Aetos, Ithaca. 64. Terracotta Altar and Small Finds from Aetos, Ithaca. 65. Bronze Horses from Aetos, Ithaca. 66. Bronzes from Aetos, Ithaca. 67. Beads from Aetos, Ithaca. 68. Ivories, etc., from Aetos, Ithaca. 69. Bronzes from Aetos, Ithaca. 70. ' Corinthian ' Pottery from Aetos, Ithaca.