SOCl1hE DES OCEANISTES

LEwI ~ (D.), 1971. A return visit between Puluwat and Saipan using micronesian navi­ gational techniques. J. Polynesian Society, 80 : {.l:37-448.

LUOMALA (K.), 1958 . .Review of « Ancient voyagers in the Pacific )), by A. SHARP. American AnthropologLst, 60 : 776-778. MAKEMsoN (M.), 1938. Hawaiian astronomical concepts I. American Anthropolog;st 1-0 . Miscellanees 370-383. ' - • ,'± • MAKEMsoN (M.), 1939 a. Hawaiian astronomical concepts II. American Anthropoloaist 41 : 589-595. ' 10 , The Moss papers. - The Moss papers held at the library of the Auckland MAKEMsoN (M), 1939 b. South Sea sailors steer by the stars. The Sky (ArneI'. Mus. Natu­ ral HISt.), 3 : 3-~1. Museum and Institute are an important source of primary information about a very important period in history, which is not well documented MAKEMsoN (M.), .1941. The morning star rises. An account of Polynesian astronomy. apart from the official papers of the New Zealand House' of Representatives. The Yale Umv. Press, New Haven. library is not able to state when or from whom it received the papers,l but they MALINOWSKI (~.), 1963. Les Argonautes du Pacifique occidental. Gallimard (( L'espece humame »), Paris, 606 p. include several items assembled by Amy Moss, the daughter of F. J. Moss, and these seem to have been concerned with a campaign to vindicate her father, who MALO (D·I)'11903. Hawaiian antiquities. B. P. Bishop Museum (( Special Publ. », 2). Hono- u u. was dismissed as British Resident in Rarotonga in 1898. Frederick Joseph Moss, 1829-1904, who was born and educated on St. Helena, MOERENHOUT (J. A.), 1837. Voyages aux Ues du Grand Ocean. Bertrand, Paris, 2 vol. spent some times in South Africa serving in the Kaffir wars before emigrating NFWELL (J. E.), 1895. Ancient Polynesian chart. J. Polynesian Society, [1 : 236-237. to New Zealand, arriving in Lyttleton in 1859 and setting up in business there. PARSONSON (G. S.), 1963. The settlement of Oceania: an examination of the accidental In 1861 he transferred to Dunedin, following on the discovery of gold in Otago. ~~~age theory. In : GOLSON ("J.) , Polynesian navigation, a symposium ... : 11- In 1863 he was elected to the Otago Provincial Council and became Provincial Treasurer. PIGAFETTA (A.), 1964. Premier voyage autour du Monde pal' Magellan. Union Gen. d'Ed. Moss moved to Fiji in 1868 and took part in the establishment of cotton plan­ (( 10/18 »), Paris, 313 p. tations on the Rewa River, but ill-health forced him to return to New Zealand. QUATREFAGES (A. de), 1866. Les Polynesiens et leurs migrations. Bertrand, Paris. In 1873 in Auckland he became the Secretary of the Auckland Education Board QUATREFAGES (A. de), 1877. L'espece humaine. G. Bailliere, Paris, 3e ed., 368 p. and from 1876 to 1890 he represented the electorate of Parnell in the New Zealand REY-LEscu~E, 1957. La boussole des navigateurs polynesiens. Bull. Soc. d'Et Oceaniennes parliament. During this period he was the author of several articles upon fede­ 121 : 720-722. . , ration for New Zealand, economic matters, a school history of New Zealand and RIESENBERG (S. H.), 1965. Table of voyages affecting Micronesian Islands. Oceania, 36 : two books on the Pacific Islands. A bibliography of the writings of F. J. Moss 155-170. appears at the end of this article. RODMAN (H), 1928. The sacred calabash. J. Polynesian Society, 37 : 75-85 (repris de : Evidence of Moss's continued interest in the Pacific Islands was his taking UnLted States Nal'al Institute Proc., 53 , 8, aolit 1927 : 867-872). passage on the brigantine "Buster" on 18 September, 1886. In a voyage of SEGALEN (V.), 1966. Les Immemoriaux. Union GEm. d'Ed. (( 10/18 ))), Paris, 375 p. (1re ed. : seven months the vessel visited , Manihiki, Suwarrow, Christmas, Starbuck, Mercure de France, Paris, 1907, sous Ie pseudo de MAX-ANELY). Swains, , Ellice, Gilbert and Caroline Islands. The" Buster" spent a SHARP (A.), 1957. Anciont voyagers in the Pacific. Penguin Books, Londres, 240 p. week refitting at Lukunor and by the time she had reached Auckland again she SHARP (A.), 1961. Polynesian navigation to distant islands. J. Polynesian Society 70 had visited more than 40 islands and crossed the equator six times. While at 219-226. ' Manihiki Moss witnessed the arrival of some of the survivors of the Swedish barque SHARP (A.), 1963. Polynesian navigation: some comments. J. Polynesian Society, 72 " Diana ", which had been wrecked at Starbuck Island. (Moss, F. J. Through 3840-396. atolls and islands in the great south seas, 1899.) SHARP (A.), 19640 a. Ancient voyagers in Polynesia. Angus and Robertson, Londres, Moss was offered the possibilities of appointments as British Representative 159 p. in Tonga or Samoa (See summaries of correspondence Onslow, Lord, to F. J. Moss; SHARP (A.), 19640 b. Polynesian navigation. Nal'igation, 11 : 75-76. Thurston, J. G. to F. J. Moss in this article) but in 1890 was appointed British SHARP (A. ), 1966. Early Micronesian voyaging. Oceania, 37 : 64-65. Resident in Rarotonga, the Southern Group islands of Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Man­ SMITH (S. P.), 1918. Guiding stars in navigation. J. Polynesian Society, 27 : 226. gaia, Atiu, Mauke, Mitiaro, Manuae and Takutea having been proclaimed a British STAIR (J. B.), 1898. T~e name~ and movemen~s of the heavenly bodies, as looked at from Protectorate in 1888. A Federal Government was formed with a parliament a Samoan pomt of VIew. J. PolynesLan Society, 7 : 48-409. composed of the Ariki, or chiefs and with Moss acting as adviser. Moss was very STOKES (J. F. G.) , 1928. Note sur l'article de RODMAN~ J. Polynesian Society, 37 : 85- largely responsible for the establishment of a customs service, a schools system 87. and a hospital board. He was convinced that the mastery of the English language would hasten the development of the Maori people and teaching in English he SUGGS (R. C:), 1961. Methodological problems for « accidental voyagers )). J. Polynesian regarded as the most significant contribution the schools could make. SocLety, 70 : 474-476. l SUGGS (R. C.), 1962. Les Cil'ilisations polynesiennes. La Table Ronde Paris 271 p. However, Moss came under increasing pressure from a group of European (1 re ed. : The New American Library, New York, 1960) . ' • residents and from some of the Ariki, who opposed Moss's plan to establish a Fede­ WILLIAMS0r-: CR. W.), 1933. Religious and cosmic beliefs of Central Polynesia. Cambridge ral Court, which would principally deal with offences committed by Europeans. Umv. Press, Londres, 2 vol., 399 p. et 398 p. (Moss was concerned about crimes committed in the Cook Islands by non-Maoris and his desire to create a Federal Court was largely precipitated by the murderous assault committed on an Aitutakian woman in 1896 by Campbell, an American negro.) Several petitions were forwarded to the Governor in New Zealand seeking

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the removal of Moss 9.s British Resident and in December 1897 Sir James Prender­ island he lived at the time, which I did not do. I was called on by policemen and gast conducted an inqui~y at Rarotonga. Although m~st of the allegations against asked to inform where he was. I told Mr. Bcard on my return of this. He told Moss were not substantIated he was replaced by Colonel W. E. Gudgeon in 1899, me to tear up all he had intrusted me. He made no comment. I heard he was and returned to Au.ckla~d, where he lived in retirement until his death on 8 July, wanted by Wells Fargo and Co., Bankers. He said he knew it. This was 1892. 1904. He stated hIs phIlosophy about the development of the Maori people when Mr. Moss may not have known of this till now. he wr?te to the C0.ok Islands Federal Parliament" I have worked for seven years Moss's evidence throws a different light upon the reasons for Banks' exile in to buIld up a I?arhament and a government which should have the Maori people the Cook Islands. "In 1891 Mr. Exham (who had been British Consul) pointed taught and tramed so that they might become leaders, teachers and missionaries out Mr. Scar~ to me. He told me that he had been officially offered £1,000 if he for other islands and their names become great, in all the islands of the sea. " would go back to Ban Francisco, the object being that he should give evidence Prendergast c~nclude~ his report by say~ng " In conclusion, I think it right against others high up in Wells Fargo and Co., who had been speculating largely to state that the ImpreSSIOn left upon my mmd was that Mr. Moss, galled by the with the firm's money, and whose wrongdoings Mr. Bcard, as book-keeper, had attacks of those of the European residents of whose conduct he has more than lent himself to conceal. Mr. Exham told me that when he offered this to, Mr. Bcard once complained and by the distrust of the Arikis and chiefs in him created by he said 'Not for a hundred times the money; they had been my best friends.' ". ~hese persons, there has. resu.lted of late with him a loss of temper and patience Prendergast accepted the Moss version without any doubts and in his report m the conduct of the affaIrs WIth the natives and a consequent further estrangement. said" Mr. Bcard's manner impressed me favourably. I should myself had I been T~er~ may be mu~h excuse for Mr. Moss but there is a probability that the former a resident at Rarotonga, have been disinclined to rake up this misconduct against eXIstmg good feelmg between Mr. Moss and the Arikis can be re-established ". Mr. .seard, unless I had had good reasons to think that his conduct at Rarotonga had been open to question. " Dr. W. G. COPPELL. SUMMARY OF THE MOSS PAPERS .' Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australie The contents of the Papers are summarized below in (1) series where the author of the letters has written more than one letter. (2) the contents of the three scrap­ b~oks apparently compi~ed by Miss Amy Moss. (3) single letters. (4) a set of REPERTORY OF THE MOSS PAPER mIscellaneous papers 'VfItten by F. J. Moss. Each entry is indexed according to its location in the Auckland Museum and Series A : Alexander, Dudley (Private Secretary to Lord Ranfurly) to R. G. B. Moss Institute Library manuscripts series MS 215. (B - Box; E - Envelope). 14.8.1899 (2 items) . The s~mmarIes of the contents of the letters indicates their significance. The Government House, Wellington, 14 Aug., 1899. serIes, whICh, however, deserves fuller comment is that of series D, Banks, Charles W. (F. J. Moss being ill). About the report of the Committee investigating financial to F. J. Moss. conditions in the Cook Islands during 1898 ; committee named, its purpose to investigate Charles Banks is undoubtedly one of the colourful European characters in Cook allegatioD-s in " Ioi Karanga" 1. Matters not clear therefore auditor sent from New I~land~ his~ory, a,s a result of the stories which surround his background before Zealand. His Excellency considers matter should not be re-opened,. B2 hIS arrIval m the Cook Islands. The 1897 Prendergast Inquiry sets out the con­ Government House, Wellington, 14 Aug., 1899. temporary.evidence a.b?ut ~anks' character and American backgr.ound. Prender­ Mr. Webb's enquiry considered to be impartial. His Excellency desires to see any gast exammed a petItIon SIgned by Messrs. Kohn, Piltz Taylor and the Craig further submission from Moss before sending auditor's report to the British Resident. B2 brothers, which claimed among other allegations that John Scard (alias Banks) Series B : Alexander, Dudley to Henty Nicholas being the Government auditor, was also manager for Donald and Edenborough: who were bankers for the Cook Islands Government, that he assisted the Post­ 6.5.1899; 2.6.1899 (2 items) master in. sor~ing let~ers, assisted the licensing officer and the Customs Officer Letter Government House, Wellington, 2 June, 1899. and that m hIS capaCIty as Government Auditor he was auditing his own books. His Excellency never assessed any amount as due to Henry Nicholas as compensa- In the evidence of the Inquiry Moss stated that" Mr. Scard was appointed . tion. Nicholas should seek recourse from the High Court. B2 (copy) Government House, Auckland, 6 May, 1899. Petition overlooked; His Excel- Gov.ernment Auditor in July, 1891, then being in business as an accountant and lency considers Nicholas' grievance can be settled in court of law. B2 havmg charge of the books and ,accounts of rival trading firms by whom he was thoroughly trusted". For his duties as Government Auditor Banks was paid Series C : Banks, Charles W. to E. G. B. Moss £15 per annum. Moss was moved to appoint Banks to a position of trust as he was not a drinking man. 26;7.1904; 20.10.1904 (2 items) Mr. C. Kohn was one of Banks' chief antagonists at the Inquiry but he had Rarotonga, 2,6 July, 1904. to reply in the negative to the judge's question, "whether he has heard a word Sympathy, death of his father F. J. Moss. B1/E12 Rarotonga,20 Sept., 1904. against Mr. Scard in thirteen years ". Medical officer's house completed. Government surplus of £3000. Hotel commenced. " Capt~in Emil Piltz gave evidence which threw light on Banks' earlier career. " Countess of Ranfurly" 2 a white elephant. B1/E12 He ~rrIved here t~n or twelve year.s ago; he went round the group and stayed at Atm. I knew hIm well at that Island. My vessel was under the American Series D : Banks, CharlesW. to F. J. Moss flag at the time, sailing between the Cook Islands and Ban Francisco. Mr. Bcard, 10.10.1898 to 8-11.1904 (80 items) at Ati?, gave me a letter and trusted me with several inquiries to be made in San Note: the first letter in the series is signed with Banks' alias of " J. SeaI'd " FranCISco, I had no end of detectives and policemen running after me and guarding my ship day and night, wishing me to inform them where Mr. Bcard or Banks 1. Newspaper published in Rarotonga. was. This letter intrusted me by Mr. Bcard informed me not to decide what 2. N.Z. Government schooner.

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10 Oct., 1898. 17 June, 1899. Arrival of Gudgeon. Gudgeon considers Law and Order League unnecessary and in Discontent arising from constitutional changes; wreck of schooner" Torea " ; death sympathy with opponents of Moss. High Court Bill passed in Parli~ment, changes in of William Nicholas; bankruptcy of Dodge. B1/E2 Government appointments. Reference to Stephen Savage Savile appointed as tide­ waiter; finances of Government; outbreak of measles; stormy time in Parliament; 20 July, 1899. Makea Daniela standing on his dignity. B5 Financial position of traders; court cases; Pa Ariki to Tahiti with tere party of 20 and 8 Nov., 1898. 3 to 4 tons of coffee. B1/E2 Donald and Edenborough ceasing as Government bankers; changes in Government 15 August, 1899. Officers; Garnier 1 leaving; Banks offering to resign as auditor. B1JE1 Makea suffering from a "swelled head". Row in Parliament. Duty on spirits 6 Dec., 1898. increased; land tax on foreigners of 5 % per annum of rental value of land. .Large at Aitutaki as Magistrate and collector. "Ioi Karanga" behind with. i~sues. Brld.ge over . P.arliament adjourned. Banks' resignation accepted by Colonel Gudgeon. Confu­ A varua Creek opened. Shortage of postage stamps. Gudgeon hVIng at ResIdency; SIOn In Rarotonga over use of names Scard and Banks. Lord Ranfurly not yet considered deportation (of Eur~peans) applica~ion from N.ga~naru Ariki,,; i~flue~,ce on Gudgeon. of the fine imposed by Moss on Ariki ; business dull; Donald and Edenborough being boy­ Dr. Craig; Henry NICholas very qmet; denunCIatIOn of the clIque . Banks workIng cotted. Banks given twelve months' notice by A. B. Donald. B1JE1 for A. B. Donald for 4/- per day. B1/E2 13 Dec., 1898. 15 Sept., 1899. Trouble over liquor permits; discontent among Maoris; rumours Gudgeon possibly Makea Daniela taking merry~go-round from Tahiti to the Puamotas. Makea Daniela refusing Deputy Commissionership. B1JE1 sued for failing to obtain proper receipts other court cases involving merchants ; Exh~~ 1 1 Feb., 1899. in a bad way; public holiday to mark anniversary of installation of Gudgeon as BrItIsh Hjorth sold place to Mathews, and gone from the Cook Islands; rumours Seddon Resident (12 Sept.). B1/E2 likely to make changes; death of Mallet by suicide after drinking bout; inquest jury 7 Oct., 1899. censured Dr. Caldwell; Arorangi schooner finally repaired, sailed with Nagle Jr. as Captain Makea Daniela's financial difficulties; Exham breaking up - prohibition order taken but put back leaking. B1 JE1 out; business very dull - oranges attacked by aphids; Ban!,-s fe~ring prosecutio~ ; Hos.pi­ 28 Feb., 1899. tal Board' died a natural death' ; Gudgeon opemng EXllam s mall to ChamberlaIn seekIng Colonel Gudgeon publicly contradicted statement that Lord Ranfurly coming to annex a Commissionership. B1/E2 the Cook Islands; Dodge bankrupted; Savage employed in printing office; Large to be 29 Oct., 1899. a magistrate; Ellis given up " Torea " newspaper temporarily; Harries only man making Further prosecutions of Makea Daniela. Connell surveying A varua. Continued anything'B1JE1 3 Nov., 1899. Baxter hearing various judgement cases. Banks speculates that Gudgeon 19 March, 1899. may have instructions to provoke annexation. B1/E2 Things coming to a head; court news with cases against Makea Daniela and Ellis, 27 Nov., 1899. latt.er convicted, 14 days for contempt. Leasing of land suspended. Ngamaru Ariki Cases against Makea Daniela and others to continue. Exham going from bad to worse. askmg of certain Europeans to be deported Ellis, Peter Cowan, F. J. Moss, jr., Macalister, Prospects for 1900 orange crop very good. Coffee likely to be a failure. B1jE2 Henry Nicholas; Sherman and Banks. Law and Order League members being persecuted as " Mossites ". B1 IE1 3 Dec., 1899. 28 March, 1899. " This Scard-Banks business makes complications. I do not know which name to use, so have arranged the second sheet so that you can use which you think best, if you More about deportations; Banks to look after Donald and Edenborough's store; new laws to be printed. B1 JE1 wish to make use of either of them". B1/E2 30 March, 1899. 2 Dec., 1899. Makea Daniela convicted on two charges of embezzlement, sentenced to one year's Death of Evan, the small son of the Rev. Hutchin. B1/E1 hard labour on Manuae. B1jE1 25 March, 1899. 28 Jan., 1900. Arrival of Lord Ranfurly who saw Europeans with grievances. F. J. Moss (Jr.) pre­ Imprisonment of Makea Daniela ; E~h~m lo?ke.d u:p as habitual drunkard; two Christ~ sented a petition of 54 clauses. Gudgeon appointed Chief Judge of the High Court. Changes in the Cook Islands stamp issues. B1 JE1 mas Days to correct calendar; S.D.A. MISSIOnarIes. Issmng texts; fines of $100 fo~ adulter:y , Rev. Hutchin calling for annexation; Makea Damela appealed Banks to help hIm obtaIn 23 May, 1899. legal aid. B1/E1 Elder Owen left on " Pitcairn" for either Samoa or Tonga. "roi Karanga " run by 24 Feb., 1900. young Owen and Large; not published who proprietors are; Savage says he has £6 per Charge against Rice (S.D.A. Missionary) for incitement dismissed. F. J. Moss (jr.) month and that Government owns paper; another rumour Dr. George Craig and Fred departed. B1jE1 Goodwin 2 looking after it. More about deportation of Europeans; High Court news; trading conditions. B1/E2 24 Feb:, 1900. 24 May, 1899. More court cases; Estall fined $10 for immorality; Harries appointed Captain of the "Vaite" (Donald and Edenborough schooner). B1/E1 Prohibition order on Fred Moss (jr.) lifted. E. G. B. Moss accused of embezzling £800. Rau (Banks' son ?) being sent to Auckland to learn a trade. B1/E2 25 March, 1900. . Rice fined for trading; trouble in the Piltz family over land leases; Mr. Exham died; Banks accused of writing letter published in the" Auckland Star". B1/E1 1. Formerlv Post Master. 2. Cook Islands treasurer. 1. Formerly British Consul and manager for Donald and Edenborough.

288 289 19 SOCl1hE DES OCEANISTES M:ISCELLANEES

22 April,' 1900. 24 March, 1901. nowP~~~~:n!~nMakea Daniela :- imprisoned on Manuae. Cook Islands Trading Co Trouble with boat crews working Union S.S. Co. steamer. No word of annexation. t bankers. ArrIval of Ralph Gossett as collector; trade dull. B1 lEi Henry Nicholas terribly afraid and cowed. B1/E5 22 May, 1900. 26 March, 1901. On qui vive f~rS S~,dgon viS,i,t I; dr~fting an address; details of judgements against Meeting of Ariki told by Colonel Gudgeon that Makea and N gamaku Ariki invited Makea Daniela. .. val au takmg an enormous quantity of oranges. B1/E1 to travel to Wellington; Makea suggested Pa Ariki substitute for her. B1/E5 10 June, 1900. 27 March, 1901. Arrival of Seddon. B1/E1 Fruit Association meeting. Wedding Anniversary party of Mr. and Mrs. T. Short. 11 Aug., 1900. Island over-run with bicycles. Coffee crop very large. B1/E5 Talk about annexation. Parliament opened. 0'1 h 15 April, 1901. Gossett drinking heavily. 1 sc ooner to be purchased for group. Death of Mrs. Hall from dysentery. Arrival of Ed. Blaine. Schooners" Vaite " 8 Sept., 1900. B1/E1 and" Maungaroa" both overdue. Gudgeon to go to New Zealand. Fred Goodwin to receive Government schooner. Fruit Association commences shipping fruit this trip. sh' M:P.s fkic,king.;tp over ap~r?~riations. Difficulties with fruit shipments. Petch (S D A ) B1/E5 Al~~:~~gG~~~~on :~~~t;r~~IbI~mg ~eeding ~hildren being tak~n away by S.D.A. p~st~r~. 19 May, 1901. Mokoroa Exham married ~s2 aAIm since arrIval was annexatIOn. Robert Nicholas and Gudgeon seeking frienship with Shearman and Makea Daniela. Harries taking tere , ugus t . B1/E4o from Mauke to Aitutaki. Visit of L.M.S. ship "John Williams". Carlson (Swede) 7 Oct., 1900. baking bread and running cake shop for Piltz. Colonel Gudgeon intending to legislate M G*l having trouble with Arorangi Au 2 over purchase of copra. Arrival of Mr. and against Chile money. Question of validity of Orders-in-Council, fate of Cook Islands .rs all as Tereora teachers. Customs import duties Account f Parliament. Gossett in trouble for giving rum to Karika and relieved of bond duties. dmgs. . 0 annexation procee- B1/E6 9 Oct., 1900. B1/E4o 6 June 1901. Gossip about Gossett, Goodwin and Van Hoff (divorcing wife). Financial position Post mortems on annexation', Ngatangl'I'a I d' peop e Issatisfied. B1/E4o of Cook Islands Trading Co. Rover a "common drunkard ", treated for D.T.'s and 29 Oct., 1900. fined £10. B1/E6 Rumours of .probable form of ~o~ernment. Makea Daniela to be released 1 December 11 June, 1901. J;~ngiiewen ~~c~~rged fro,? Prmtmg Office. People building 300 ft. wall round Nga~ Fred Goodwin killed on wharf and 5 Maoris taken to hospital j rocket bomb exploded. to .Auckla~1 onIc1~ ~s wa~tI~gk to start paper a~ain but ~eeding £60. Exham shipped Allegations of Goodwin misappropriating Government funds. Henry Nicholas died Mr 1M' ugus, a e!l ~way by pohce on arrIval at Auckland. Arrival of 12 June. Planters and Fruitgrowers Association very disappointed with returns from '1 anc rs PIper for S.D.A. MISSIOn. Speculation about possible visit by Lord Ran­ f shipment. B1/E6 fury. B1/ElJc 10 Aug., 1901. Gossett arraigned for embezzlement-pocketing money sent by stamp collectors. Good­ win's deficiencies with Government funds revealed. Gudgeon giving Government £500 to cover Gossett's (Gudgeon'S nephew) defalcation. Gossett sentenced to two year's hard labour on Manuae. ' The two Drs. Craig gazetted as J.P.'s. Stephen Savage appoin­ ted Secretary of the Government. B1/E6 13 Jan., 1901. 8 Sept., 1901. Visit of H.M.S. Torch. Difficulties between Gudgeon and Dexter over customs duties' J h~ffairs of Cook Islan~s Trading Co. Schooner" Ngamaru Ariki" 3 ca tained b Visit of German warship, " Cormoran " brought news of family dispute among Marsters . 0 ann~en: Makea Damela return~d from exile on Manuae. Vairakau ~elieved J on Palmerston Island. Gudgeon talking of how he worked for annexation from the time ~udgeship , trouble over Make~ refusmg sale of liquor to Chinese and half-castes. M of his arrival. Discussion of defalcation by Government officials. Post-mortems on . runkenl~less than usual at ChrIstmas, " native beer". Trouble on Aitutaki over Larg~~: Immora Ity. visit of Lord Ranfurly and R. J. Seddon. B1/E6 26 Jan., 1901. B1/E5 6 Oct., 1901. Joel Marsters appointed agent on Palmerston Island. Cook Islands Trading Co. Gossip about traders. Methods of selling coffee. B1/E5 agents for" Countess of Ranfurly" - no vessel since loss of " Maungaroa ". _ Von Nagle 20 Feb., 1901. appointed Resident Agent on Penrhyn j story of Nagle having induced Manihikians and Penrhyn people to seek French protection. Ward looking after Henry Nicholas' affairs. Ze Co., and Government arrangements for selling fruit in New fOOt I~ands Tradin~ Fairlie Bonar set up in business as a handy man. ve;ya~uil. argo crew re used to work unless pay increased for night work. Business B1lE6 B1/E5 4 Nov., 1901. 16 March, 1901. Gossett defalcation. Bi/E6 B~si~ess dead; inve~tigation of Gossett's handling of Government mone s Fruit Y 9 Feb., 1902. As~oCIatIOn came to grIef. Colonel Gudgeon presented medals Ariki feel they are oSIng mana. . Business dull. Dr. W. B. Craig leaving. S. R. Maxwell's store in Rarotonga being trans- I , B1/E5 ferred to Tahiti interests. B1/E7 1. Union Steamship Co. Steamer. 8 March, 1902. 2. Au = Customary women's organization. Millar arrives as Collector of Customs. Number of Europeans messing at Ah Sin's. 3. Owned by people of Atiu. Blaine gazetted as Registrar of High Court. Road across Black Rock lowered 17ft. and

290 291 SOCIIhE DES OCEANISTES MISCEI.LANEES

straightened by blasting. Lawn tennis played on " the lawn" at rear of Cook Islands 16 December, 1902. _Trading Co. B1/E7 Gatley shipping bananas. Two Catholic priests on Rarotonga, Bernardine and J oa 24 March, 1902. chim. Crummer and McElvaine in business as photographers. Government buildings half finished. "Ngamaru Ariki" adrift and damaged in harbour. B1/ES Gudgeon proposing construction of Government buildings. People of and Arorangi working three days per week on roads. B1/E7 12 January, 1903. 7 April, 1902. Government offices nearing completion. (Sketch plan of Avarua enclosed). Bananas fetching 1/4 d. a lb. Kirk and Boucher visiting Rarotonga for New Zealand Department Oranges and coffee very poor; rahuis 1 on coconuts. B1/E7 of Agriculture. "N gamaru Ariki" damaged at A varua. B1/E9 27 April, 1902. 10 February, 1903. Frank Gill drawn plans of proposed Government buildings. B1/E7 Government officers selling local produce. B1/E9 5 May, 1902. 8 March, 1903. Difficult~es between Mi~ler and ~ud~eon/~~aine. Connell surveying Manuae. Atti­ Makea Daniela working on Maori dictionary 1. Preparations for Governor's visit, tude of varIOUS traders to mterventIOn m polItICS. Kohn acting as tide waiter. B1/E7 Women fined 1/- for non-attendance. Large out of favour with Gudgeon and sent to 6 May, 1902. Mangaia. B1/E9 Inconsequential gossip. B1/E7 7 april, 1903. Kohn accused of beating his daughter Pudgie, upset over girl marrying Davis. Deaths 24 May, 1902. of 25 Atiuans from eke (cholera ?). Ngamaru Ariki died o~ blood P?isoning. 31 Ma~ch Allegations about Colonel Gudgeon assisting the Cook Islands Trading Co. ; money _ account of funeral and other ceremonies. Proposed marrIage F. DIgby SmIth (Umon advances and use of the" Countess of Ranfurly ". B1/E7 S.S.Co.Agent) to Constance Gudgeon. B1/E9 30 June, 1902. 4 May, 1903. Petition sent to Colonel Gudgeon from merchants concerning the operation of " Coun­ Arrival of S.S. " Mapourika" Parliamentary party visit. Trouble with Von Nagel, tess of Ranfurly ". Garden Party at N gatipa to mark coronation of Edward VII. Death Resident Agent, at Atiu, natives threating to put him over the reef. B1/E10 of Karika Ariki (8th ~une). Wom~n's Talk. House built at Avarua. Trouble among Europeans on M.angma over aI?p~mtment of Postmaster. Shearman hoping to form 1st June, 1903. Pla;nters and FrUltgr~,:,ers AssoCIatIO.n. .Reports Colonel Gudgeon's views on land tenure Complaints about customs dues. Coffee 1-11/2d per lb. Oranges and bananas scarce pohc? Talk. of TahIti firms operatmg m Southern Group. Money scarce, few picnics, .as a result of bad weather. B1/E10 buggIes wearmg out. B1/E7 28 June, 1903. 28 July, 1902. Banks doing books for Capt. Harries as latter works for Dona~d and Edenborough. I . Meeting ?f Planters .and Fruitgrowers Association, 100 present, Blaine in chair; com­ F. Digby Smith to marry Constance Gudgeon. Makea still holding court and fining mIttee appomted. ArrIval of Gatley as Medical OffICer. Mathews and Lillie Shearman people charged with adultery or fornication. B1/E10 eng~ged. S~~ney Davis and Pudgie Kohn engaged. Cook Islands Trading Co. in liqui­ 27 July, 1903. dat~on. Pet~t~on to Lord Ranfurly to pardon Gossett and other prisoners to mark coro­ " Makea " stamps to remain in circulation during her lifetime. Allegations of Govern- natIOn. PetItIOn to Government to establish an hotel. B1/E7 ment officials dealing in fruit shipments. B1/E10 28 August, 1902. 27 August, 1903. ~rundel's lease (~f. Suw.arrow?) transferred to Sunlight Soap people. Charges that Natives shipping fruit independently. Copra prices down. Arrival of Meyer and Blame was not a SohcItor Ill. Melbour~e as he purported to be. Government buildings Morel at Arorangi. B1/E10 com~enced, Connell as archItect, natIve debtors providing labour; prisoners harnessed to prIson cart to haul rock. No doctor, Rev. Lawrence acting as doctor. B1/E8 22 September, 1903. 24 September 1902. Arrival of Rev. Hutchin and departure of Rev. Lawrence. Outbreak of Typhoid. " Oliver" (Peyroux?) died of dropsy. L.M.S. conference on Rarotonga. Production of fruit low, business almost at a. stand­ Trouble on Mangaia, possibly caused by Makea. Gossip about Island identities. still. Gosset arrives on " Countess of Ranfurly », working of Cook ~sland~ Tradmg Co. B1/E8 and likely to be gaoler o~ Manuae. Ca~eron s~cceed~ Large on Aitutaki. Large ~ad 20 October, 1902. married widow of Goldstem, who had dIed on Aitutain. B1/E11 " Peter Cowan's rabbits". Wigmore to be Hemus's successor at Donald and Eden­ 23 December, 1903. borough. ~r. Gatley b~y~~g and s~ipping oranges; prices quoted, opposition from Most business done by orders-in-council. Effect on revenue of collectors buying Cook some MaorIS. Harper (vlSltmg AmerlCap) buying candlenuts. B1/E8 _Islands stamps. . . B1/E11 17 November, 1902. 1903? (1st page missing). . Gudgeon advancing Gook Islands Trading Co. £500 on mortgage on Manuae. Much Gossip about the S.D.A. Mission. B1/E11 slC.k~~ss - brought from Auckland by " Ovalau ", probably measles; three Maori deaths. CrItiCIsm of Dr. Gatley and arrangements at hospital. Hotel idea broached again. B1/E8 4: April, 1904. Coffee crop light - prices low in Auckla~d and M~lbour~e. Maori population dimi­ 15 December, 1902. nishing and Chinese will have to be brought m. BeatrIce GrImshaw (authoress) visiting Land Court sitting in Aitutaki. Measles epidemic; also deaths from Cape Fever Rarotonga for London Graphic and Pearson's Magazine. B1/E12 ( dysentery) . B1/E8

1. The outcome of this is not known. If the this work exists it would be of considerable interests 1. Rahui a customary prohibition against the gathering of food. to scholars of the Maori language.

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3 May, 1903. 26 March, 1900. Oranges and bananas very plentiful. Bananas fetching 2/5 d. per lb. Coffee looks Hospital, Rarotonga. Afraid of Gudgeon and the Ariki and that he will be exiled well but no interest in it. Praise for graduates of Tereora School. Banks making efforts to Manuae. Has no one to assists him. B2 to obtain U.S. pension for Civil War service. B1/E12 No date. (Translation) Writes in gaol and appeals for help. Accuses Gudgeon of partiality. 8 November, 1904. Gossip · about European traders. Makea revIvmg curfew to keep Maoris off road 25 February, 1901. after 9 p.m. Ah Sin bankrupted by Grove. L.M.S. opposition to Anglicans. Has returned from exile at Manuae. Welcomed back by Tinomana Ariki of Arorangi B1/E2 and the Mataiapo. B2 26 April, 1901. Series E : Craig, William B. (M. B.) to F. J. Moss (Jr.). Condolences for death of Moss' daughter. B2 21.9.1899; 25.9.1899 (2 items). 15 July, 1901. (Copy) as Registrar of High Court, Rarotonga, 21 Sept., 1899 to F. J. Moss (jr.). Costs of suit Makea Daniela and Cook Islands Federal Government. B2 Hopes things will improve now Cook Islands to be annexed to New Zealand. Intends (Copy) as Registrar, High Court, Rarotonga, 25 Sept., 1899 to F. J. Moss (jr.). to proceed against the Government. B2 Dismissal of suit Tetianui versus Makea Daniela. B2 12 August, 1901. Is sure Ariki have not been informed of Ranfurly's letter to Gudgeon about lying Series F : Daniela, Makea to E. G. B. Moss. statements of "the Committee". B2 Rarotonga, 1 June, 1904. 7 December, 1901. Seeks advice about use of foreshore of his land at Tutakimoa, Rarotonga. Will for- Financial reasons for failure of government schooner" Countess of Ranfurly ". Depar­ ward translation of his wife's appeal for his release. B2 ture of Dr. W. Craig" having got walking ticket f07 New Zealand." . Banana.crop pro­ 14 December, 1901x. bably doomed. Banks going to Auckland. MaorIs not understandmg applIcatIOn of Details of costs of road building on Roratonga. Gives his version of the evidence New Zealand tariffs. B2 presented against him. Claims Gudgeon told Makea N ui Ariki that he knew Makea 12 February, 1902. Daniela was not guilty. B2 Attempting to find set of laws of Moss' administration. Does not want his people 11 December, 1905. to help him as he wants to stand on own feet. B2 Outlines Government action in taking roads in Tutakimoa, Rarotonga, built by Makea 11 March, 1902. Daniela as private roads. Likelihood of two steamers calling at Rarotonga. B2 Has obtained book of laws for Moss. Hospital left in frightful filthy condition by Dr. W. Craig. B2 Series G : Daniela, Makea to F. J. Moss 17 December, 1902. Rarotonga, 12 February, 189lx. Pleasure at election of E. G. B. Moss to House of Representatives and hopes he will F. J. Moss, Jr. still at Penrhyn. B2 be able to come to Rarotonga with the Government party. B2 8 October, 1898. 11 March, 1903. If he had been allowed to resign by Moss when he wanted to he would not now be in Disappointed with lack of success in his attempts to obtain right to appeal against his trouble. Has been relieved of offices of Paymaster and Clerk of Rarotonga Council, conviction. B2 books taken away and replaced by Fred Goodwin. Claims Gudgeon listening to claims of Makea Nui Ariki party. Is also to be charged with stealing Chile money. B2 5 May, 1903. 9 November, 1898. Met E. G. B. Moss. Has been working on Moss' English-Maori dictionary. B2 Statement of the salary due to him as Paymaster and Clerk with accounts for period 30 May, 1903. i July, 1897 to 27 September, 1898. B2 Has sent dictionary to Moss through Banks. Gives credit to Moss for its compilation. 8 December, 1898. Things at a standstill. B2 Complains of his treatment after Moss' departure for carrying out Moss' instr~ctio.n~. 24 September, 1903. Outlines his financial difficulties. Medals conferred by Gudgeon on Makea NUl AnkI, Thanks Moss for copy of Hansard reporting efforts of E. G. B. Moss to " gain me a Ngamaru Ariki and George Craig. B2 chance to appeaL" B2 1 March, 1899. 25 November, 1903. Details of proceedings of case when he was charged with misappropriation of £10.10.0. Trouble in court for party of Mangaians who had roofed Residency. Daniela in financial Part of a letter. (Note by Moss" cut off from Make~ Daniela:s letter of 25 November, difficulties with Court and Donald and Edenborough. B2 1903. It was sent to me in reply to a request for the mformatIOn. The scarf was sent bv me to Lady Gwendolin, Lord Onslow's daughter, as a wedding present." Method 29 March, 1899. of making scarf from native materials. B2 . Critical of Gudgeon's action in making Ngamaru Ariki Judge of the Ariki Court. Con­ 23 December, 1903. siders this is against the Constitution of 1891 as there is no appeal against decisions of the Ariki. B2 His method of converting Chile money to Sterling. Being stopped from building on his land at Tutakimoa by Gudgeon who claimed it as Crown land. B2 8 November, 1899. 8 March, 1901x. Seeks Moss' assistance as he is expecting trouble. Anonymous letter to Gudgeon has informed of meeting of Mossites at Banks' house. Has put his case in hands of Seeks Moss' advice about a letter received from Gudgeon concerning land on the beach E. G. B. Moss. B2 side of road at Tutakimoa. Summary of Gudgeon's letter to Daniela is attached. B2

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24 December, 1904. Government House, Wellington, 26 September, 1891. Latest news. An account of the proceedings of a case of theft of timber, from Donald Hopes" MI'. Harris has calmed down. You seem to have done wonders".. Govern­ and Edenborough. "This is only to show what Gudgeon is doing now he does not think ment has granted Moss an additional £200 salary. Suggests Moss promote dIrect trade of the past but only of thfl present. " B2 from South Island to Rarotonga leading to a South Seas Federation. Cautions Moss against hurrying matters on Rarotonga. B2 Series H .' Hutchin, J. J. K. (!fev.) to F. J. Moss Government House, Wtgn. 27 September, 1891, Moss's salary. B2 25.12.1890-21.9.1896. (5 items) 7 Richmond Terrace, Whitehall, 22 December, 1892. Rarotonga 25 December, 1890 to F. J. Moss Statistics of schools for 1889; outline of teaching methods. B2 Thanks Moss for his resume of his action in Rarotonga. B2 Whitehall, 10 June, 1893. Rarotonga 4 September 1893 and 11 December, 1893. Motion in House of Lords 'on Rarotonga deferred. High praise in House for Moss's Concerning Maori pastor and entries in Register of Marriages for Mangaia ; short letter services. Comments favourably on efficacy of liquor law. B2 in Maori as written by Ta'unga (enclosure). B2 Rarotonga, 18 September, 1896. Whitehall, 4 November, 1893. Regrets that he did not urge more strongly in the House of Lords that the Home Complains about Maoris drinking locally made beer and the supply of foreign liquor on Aitutaki. B2 Government take over in Rarotonga j proposes to raise question again in next session. B2 Rarotonga 21 September, 1896. Whitehall, 2 December, 1893. Complains that Rota o.n Aitutaki is not informing the masters of vessels of thc pro- Has not received papers from N.Z. Parliament about the visit of H. M. S. "Hyacinth ". hibitions against liquor. B2 Suggest extension of limits of Pacific Station to include Rarotonga which would give a very constant series of visits from H. M. Ships. B2 Series I .' Lawrence, W. N. (Rev.) to F. J. Moss Whitehall, 23 February, 1894. 20.12.1890-12.4.1894. (5 items) Looking forward to seeing results of Lord Glasgow's visit to Rarotonga. B2 Mission House, Aitutaki, 20 December, 1890. Whitehall, 11 June, 1895. Aitutaki recovering from hurricane. Wishes Moss well - "with God's help you Thanks for information forwarded by Moss. B2 will be able to hold the balances level". B2 Office, Whitehall, 28th September, 1897. Auckland 10 September, 1892. Concerning the use of the , the CODk Islands flag and the liquDr law. New divorce law j suggests amendments. B2 India Office, Whitehall, 11 February, 1898. Auckland, 15 October, 1892 (?). Thanks for coffee j Naval authorities against anything savouring Df a colonial flag j Discusses draft of Maori grammar written by Frances Nicholas. B2 wants to knDw results of constitutional crisis in RarotDnga j has no. dDubt that Moss will Rarotonga 31 January, 1893. be supported by New Zealand and Home GDvernments. B2 Complaints about divorce law, liquor law, making of native beer and lack of police No. address, 30 June, 1899. control. B2 Sympathy with MDSS - political differences on RarDtDnga. B3 Aitutaki, 12 April, 1894. Series L .' Ranfurly, Lord to F. J. Moss Visit of Governor j deplores system of landgrabhing which has grown up lately, sug- gests land claims be settled by three judges sitting together. B2 7.5.1898-1.9.1902. (4 items) Government House, Wtgn. 7 May, 1898. Series J .' Leys, T. S. to F. J. Moss Sir James Prendergast had the fullest pDwers j the relationship between New Zealand 25.2.1895; 26.3.1895. (2 items) and the Cook Islands " of a peculiar character". B2 GDvernment House, Wtgn. 16 August, 1898. Auckland, 25 February, 1895, to F. J. Moss. Acknowledges receipt of despatch from Moss and sets out some remarks by the Chief Is able to arrange supply of printing plant for £30. B2 Justice (Sir James Prendergast). Auckland, 26 March, 1895. (1) Moss sat with Prendergast throughout the enquiry and was in constant communi- cation. Printing press ordered and being despatched. B2 (2) Prendergast not aware that Moss as a M.P. took part in " Barton" debate. Series K .' Onslow, Lord to F. J. Moss (3) Maoris and their European friends made no attempt to intrude at the enquiry. 5.4.1891-30.6.1899. (14 items) (I!) Moss endeavouring to mislead with regard to his connection with" Te Torea " (newspa per) . Government House, Wtgn. 5 April, 1891 - best wishes upon Moss's departure for (5) H. Nicholas weak as an interpreter. B2 Rarotonga; difficulties of making man-of-war available to transport Moss. B2 Government House, Wtgn. 23 September, 1899.' Government House, Wtgn. 15 April, 1891. Further statement of reasons for audit of Cook Islands affairs j dishonesty of Makea H. M. S. Goldfinch to go to Rarotonga ; Waldron to visit Rarotonga . hopes the result Daniela disclosed (See also Moss's reply of 3 October, 1899). B2 will be " Federation and a tariff". 'B2 Government House, Wtgn. 1 September, 1902. Government House, Auckland, 1 May, 1891. Has shown Moss's letter concerning Points out Moss was responsible to his Excellency only who acted on the advice of his possible appointment to Tonga or Samoa to Lord Knutsford. B2 Ministers and warns Moss not to disclose confidential matters. B2

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Series M : Ross, J. to F. J . Moss believ~ in protectorates. Advises Moss that he would not be happy at Rarotonga and that the stipend was too low; suggests Tonga as an alternative. Comments on position of 12.9.1893-28.7.1894. (4 items) Shirley Baker at Tonga. B2 Suva, 12 September, 1893. 8 November, 1890. Concerning enquiries at Penrhyn. People of Rakahanga unanimous in their objection to the return of Taupe from exile. B2 Acknowledges advice that Moss is accepting post at Rarotonga - considers he is " a man too good for the post". Outlines political developments in Tonga. B2 Levuka, 13 October, 1893. 12 March, 1891. Criticism of traders, Taupe's return to Rakahanga and French involvement; problems of concurrent jurisdiction of the Cook Islands Federation and the Western Pacific High Acknowledges receipt of reports from Moss. Deplores activities of traders in the Commission. B2 Pacific - " generally all like the Irishman in the story - agin the government". B2 Levuka, 10 March, 1894. 30 September, 1892. Acknowledges news from Moss that" missionaries ceased from troubling" and" the Successful outcome of the" Torea " schooner case; legal jurisdiction in the Cook Rev'd. despot of Mangaia is at rest". Deplores Moss's inadequate salary and is sure Islands; N.Z. Government treating Moss meanly in salary and accommodation. B2 that Lord Onslow will support an increase. B2 Suva, 28 July, 1894. 26 October, 1892. N.Z. Government treating Moss very badly in not furnishing Residency and not laying Requests 30-50 lb. coffee berries for seed purposes. B2 on water. B2 Northern Club, Auckland. 18 May, 1893. Informs Moss that A. B. Donald seeking advice about the act of piracy by Penrhyn Series N : Simons, R. I. to F. J. Moss. Islanders (purchase of schooner " N orval "). Outlines plans for hearing case in Pen­ 2.3.1895-6.12.1897. (9 items) rhyn. B2 Tahiti, 2 March, 1895. Charges by Tahiti Government in respect of Makea Daniela's merry-go-round. (F4220). 16 June, 1893. B2 Coffee seed failed to germinate and requests more. 29 February, 1896. Scrapbook A " Contents of a Scrapbook headed" For the High Commissioner of New People of Atiu purchased a small schooner from the Societe Commerc iale de 1'0cea­ Zealand, W. J. Jordan, Esq., London. England. nie to be paid for in produce. Simons gave provisional certificate for six months to enable Box 5. " Atiu " to run between Atiu and Tahiti. Vessel made two trips and partly paid for; Photographic portrait of F. J. Moss. leaving for Rarotonga for registration; Moss requested to ensure red ensign surrendered. "N.Z. Herald" 27 October, 1890. 29 February, 1896. Editorial - appointment of Moss as British Resident in Hervey Group. " N gamaru Ariki" owners cleared mortgage to Societe Commerciale but ' vessel in Typewritten note outlining possible reasons for R. J. Seddon's animosity towards fearful state. F. J. Moss. . • Refers to John Salmon making orange wine and lime juice at Rarotonga. B2 Extract from Session II N.Z. House of Representatives, 1891 " Federation and Annexa­ 29 May, 1896. tion of Pacific Islands" - " Appointment of a Resident at Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Rivalry between Donald and Edenborough and the Union Steamship Co. over the (Copies) letters from Sir. J. Thurston to F. J. Moss concerning a possible Tongan appoint- steamer runs to Tahiti and the Cook Islands. B2 ment for Moss. Note about possible reasons for R. J. Seddon's animosity towards Moss. 20 July, 1896. Photograph of the office of the first British Resident at Rarotonga. Comments on the payment of passage of " some loafers" from Tahiti, to Rarotonga. " Auckland Star" December 31, 1891. "The Hervey Group - an interview with 19 August, 1896. Mr. F. J. Moss. Enquiries about Cook Islands Federal Law with respect to the landing of suspicious " The Daily Telegraph (Sydney), " 8 January, 1891. "In the South Pacific, around characters and sick seamen. B2 the islands." An interesting chat with Capt. Turpie. 28 April, 1896. (Copy) Lord Onslow to F. J. Moss, 25 January, 1891. Congratulating Moss on the Return of Makea Daniela's merry-go-round to Rarotonga. B2 success of the Federation Scheme. 1 March, 1897. (Copy) Robert Louis Stevenson, Vailima, 16 December, 1892, to F. J. Moss, aclmow­ Schooner "Ngamaru Ariki" at Tahiti, without clearing from Rarotonga, because ledging receipt of Rarotongan blue books. of bad weather. Schooner" Lorraine" from Rarotonga left at Papeete without a soul to look after (Copy) Lord Onslow to F. J. Moss of 10 June, 1893. her. B2 " The Times" (London) 19 June, 1892. Report of Lord Onslow's speech in the House 6 December, 1897. of Lords on the Administration of the Cook Islands by the British Resident. Glad Moss has had respite fr()m attacks and that he is to be visited by Sir W. Berkeley. " New Zealand Herald" 14 July, 1893 - Report of speech on Cook Islands in House Enquiries about part of F. J. Moss (jr.) in " Lorraine" case, looking after crew of British of Lords by Lord Onslow. ship" Blairlogie " - wrecked in the Puamotus. " The Times" (London) 10 June, 1893, reporting a speech on the Cook Islands by Series 0 : Thurston, J. B. (Sir) to F. J. Moss Lord Onslow in the House of Lords. 28.10.1890-16.6.1893. (7 items) " New Zealand Herald" 10 June, 1893 - attitude of Great Britain to Rarotongan affairs. Suva 28 October, 1890. Arundel, J. London, to F. J. Moss, 10 June, 1893. Concerning complaints from Donald and Edenborough about expulsion of agent from Mangaia and Exham's report on same; complaints from chiefs about Exham. Does not Boys' Brigade, Lord Onslow's and other speeches in House of Lords.

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Onslow, Lord to F. J. Moss, London 11 June, 1895. 6. Chamberlain, Joseph. (Copy) F. J. Moss to Lord Onslow 2 December, 1893. (Copy) 7 June, 1902, to Earl of Ranfurly. . . . (Copy) F. J. Moss to Lord Onslow. 25 January, 1894. Refusing to interfere; in favour of Moss's request for permIssIOn to publIsh cer- tain correspondence respecting the finances of the Cook Islands. B2 Visit of H. M. S. " Hyacinth" to Penrhyn; probability that the Cook Is. will be placed under Sir John Thurston as High Commissioner, hopes he will be appointed to Tonga. 7. Cheesman, T. F. Auckland Museum, 15 April, 1898. Ross J. to F. J. Moss Levuka, 7 May, 189tr. Possibility of Moss being appointed to Samoa and offering to be Judicial Commissioner. Opinion about stone axe donated by Moss to Museum; possible botanical expe­ dition to the Cook Islands. B2 Glasgow, Lord to F. J. Moss, Govt. House, Auckland, 13 May, 1894, advising Moss of the Samoan situation. 8. Cowan, Peter. Photograph of the Mission House, Rarotonga. Rarotonga 1 August, 1892. Rarotongan Council. Lease of land to Cowan. Moss notes "letter was torn " Sydney Morning Herald" 10 November, 1894. "A Colonial Protectorate - from up by members of the Council" B3 an occasional correspondent". 9. Craig, William B. (Dr.) . " Auckland Star" 17 January, 1894. (Copy) Registrar of the High Court of the Cook Islands to Makea Damela - for- " In the southern seas - the Cook Group. Intel'view with Mr. F. J. Moss - some cible sale of his furniture and details of the proceeds therefrom. B3 interesting facts ". 10. Cranwell, Robert. Auckland, no date. Photograph - " Makea Ariki" and her consort" Ngamaru Ariki" - in fancy dress Disappointment with regard to liquor trade - urges prohibition law. See Moss's for an occasion. draft reply No. 18 this series. " Auckland Star" 17 April, 1894 - Visit of Vice-Regal party to Rarotonga on the 11. Daniela, Makea, Rarotonga 12 October, 1891 to Lord Onslow. " Hinemoa ". In Maori with translation. Thanks for gift of Sundial. (Copy) Lord Glasgow to F. J. Moss 15 May, 1895 - opposing Kohn setting up a bank 12. Elliott, E. H. M. on Rarotonga. Government House, Wtgn. 20 February, 1897. " The Evening Star" 29 September, 1897. Henry Nicholas not to send" Te Torea ". B2 " An experiment in civilisation". 13. Ellis, H. Rarotonga 30 March, 1899, to T. W. Leys, Editor" Auckland Star". Scrapbook B : Extracts from Hansard, mostly concerning the High Chief Makea Daniela Enquiries about accusations that Ellis is author of articles about Rarotongan (Vakatini) of Rarotonga and the injustice of his sentence of imprisonment and banishment political developments published in Auckland newspapers. B4 to the island of Manuae. Box 4. 14. Gudgeon, W. E. Rarotonga, 3 November, 1898. Scrapbook C : " I can look back now and see the years". OffICe matters; Jimmy Te Pou has a "swelled head 1. A more incompetent Postmaster I have never seen". B2 Copy of letter of F. J. Moss to Lord Ranfurly - seeking public vindication for F. J. Moss. 15. Gudgeon, W. E. Parnell, Auckland, 26 February, 1900. (Copy) High Court of the Court. Islands, 16 .September, 1899, t~ F. J. Mos~ (j~.). Judgement against Makea Damela and notice of F. J. Moss (F.) reSpOnS1?lhty for any amounts paid to Makea Daniela for rents being now due to the RegIstrar Single Letters: All items addressed to F. J. Moss unless otherwise indicated. of the High Court. B2 1. Alexander, Dudley. 16. Kummer, Franz. (Copy) Government House, Stgn. 20 October, 1899. Avondale Asylum, 4 March, 1892 seeking Government appointment. B3 Acknowledges Moss's to Lord Ranfurly of 3 October, 1899. His Excellency will forward any petition which Moss may want to send to Secretary of State for 17. Leys, T. W. . Colonies. B2 (Editor " Auckland Star"), Auckland, 8 April, 1899 to H. Ellis. 2. Baker, Shirley, Tonga, 11 February, 1886, to Julius Vogel. Affirms that there have been no statements concerning Rarotongan written by Ellis and published in Auckland newspapers. B4 Agreeing to proposals for customs agreement, subject to Fijian participation. See also Julius Vogel letter of 11 February, 1886. Copy of original and endorsed 18. Mitchelson, E. " Waiwera ". Remuera 26 June, 1892. 3. Banks, Charles W. Rarotonga, 28 November, 1898 to W. E. Gudgeon - retaining Donald and Edenborough made arrangements with creditors and S.S. "Rich- 7/- for repairing Government watch which he understands is in the possession mond" likely to continue on islands run. B2 of Black Bill. B1/E1 19. Moss, F. J. 4. Boscowen, Hugh. (Draft) to Robert Cranwell - reply to letter from latter. Circa. 9 December, Letter Government House, Wtgn. 11 April, 1902. 1891. . Points out that Cranwell's information is partially incorrect. States native His Excellency forwarding Moss's letter to Secretary of State for Colonies. B2 Queens and Ariki unanimously in favour of proposed liquor law and not total 5. Caldwell, J. E. prohibition. B2 Rarotonga 9 September, 1897. Supporting Moss against the Ariki's petition. B2 1. Makea Daniela was also known as Jimmy Te Pou.

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20. Moss, F. J. 3. Draft of a reply to Lord Ranfurly's letter of 7 May, 1898, Auckland, 2 May, 1898. Rarotonga 31 December, 1897. The Ariki have received a very needful cheek. B2 (Copy) to E. G. B. Moss. Summary of Prendergast Enquiry. B3 4. Rarotonga 10 July, 1895. 21. Parnell, Auckland, 15 April, 1899. (Draft) Cannot see what grounds Roman Catholics can be opposed in building (Copy) to Lord Onslow - summary of events leading to removal of Moss from a church. B3 Rarotonga. B3 5. Copies of letters and memoranda concerning. prosecution ~f Makea Da~iela to : 22. (Copy) Parnell, 3 October, 1899. Governor, Prime Minister, Makea Damela, Henry NIcholas, et aha. Reply to Lord Ranfurly's of 23 September, 1899. Alleges conspiracy; requests Various dates. access to information sought in letter of 24 August (See also Dudley Alexander to F. J. Moss 20 October, 1899). B2 6. Draft of letter to Lord Ranfurly re Prendergast Enquiry. (Appendix' of 3 pages _ copy of copy of manifest adopted by the Law and Order League of the Cook 23. Rarotonga, 18 August, 1899 to E. G. B. Moss. Islands, 9 July, 1898, at Rarotonga.) Proposed prohibition law. Criticism of Gudgeon and his administration. Rarotonga 18 July, 1898. 29 p. B3 24. Parnell (?) 30 December, 1899 (Draft to Lord Ranfurly Encloses translation of 7. Auckland 24 January, 1891.. .. letter from Makea Daniela. Expresses astonishment at conviction of Makea Draft of letter to Sir John Thurston - re appomtment to Rarotonga and pOSItIon Daniela for embezzlement. . Appeals to Ranfurly for an Inquiry. of traders. B3 25. Prendergast, James (Sir). 8. Draft of petition to New Zealand House of Representatives. (Note in F. J. M's On board H. M. S. Torch, 23 December, 1897. handwriting : "This was not sent"). B3 Informing Moss that Prendergast is to conduct enquiry instead of Sir H. Berkeley. Other notes attached, concerning arrangements for enquiry. B5 9. Rarotonga 2 March, 1893. Draft of letter to Sir John Thurston re troubles at Penrhyn. B3 26. Nicholas, Henry. Rarotonga 31 August, 1898. No date or addressed but endorsed" Received 13 October, 1898 ". 10. Draft report to Lord Ranfurly re Federal Parliament. B3 Complaints about Gudgeon administration - " everything you did undone" B 2. New and heavy taxes being introduced; Europeans being persecuted. 11. Draft of revision of Cook Islands entry in N .Z. Official Yearbook. Circ. 1902. 27. Ranfurly, Lord. (This appears to have been done by F. J. Moss). B4 26 August, 1898. Instructions to Senior Naval Officer at Auckland. Proclama­ 12. Rarotonga 27 April, 1891. tions to be read to the inhabitants of the Cook Islands. Notes of discussion with Makea re Federation. B3 (1) Displeasure of Her Majesty at ingratitude, etc., to Moss, and expects" they 13. Rarotonga, various dates 1898. will at once enact the Federal Court Bill ". Papers referring to seizure of " Te Torea" Press. B3 (2) Appointment of Colonel Gudgeon as British Resident. B2 14. High Court of the Cook Islands. 28. Rookes, E. (Capt.) R. N. Judge's Notes (Colonel Gudgeon) - Federal Court versus Jimmy Te Pou (Makea H. M. S. Champion, Decembe"r, 1893, to F. J. Moss. Daniela) - 2nd N ove~ber, 1899. . Mangaian chiefs opposed to use of Makea's head on Cook Islands stamps. B2 Handwritten and typewrItten carbon copIes. B3 29. Rota. (Copy) . 15. (Draft) Comments on I an d I a.ws as teah ff· ec t M a k ea Daniela's land on the beachB2 Rota, Postmaster Aitutaki to J. Garnier, Postmaster, Aitutaki 22 February, side of the road at Tutaklmoa, Rurotonga. 1892. Seeking brass buttons and gold lace. B3

30. Seegnu, Herr. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS OF FREDERICK JOSEP MOSSH German Consulate, Auckland, 5 June, 1896. Introduces Dr. Baessler: B5 1. Elective governors Centennial Magazine 1, 1888-1889 : 426-428. 31. Tetupa. 2. Federation from a New Zealand Standpoint Centennial Magazine 1, 1888-1889 Postmaster, Atim, 26 February, 1892, to J. Garnier, Postmaster, Rarotonga. 264-266. Conditions on Atiu; Captain of " Torea" took away three women. B3 32. Vogel, Julius. 3. Freedom for the legislature from executive control. Thames 1902. Copy letter 11 February, 1886 to Shirley Baker (Tonga). Possible customs agreement - Tonga, Fiji, Cook Islands, Samoa, Marquesas, 4. Hard cash, in its relation to credit, commerce and civilisation. etc., includes proposed tariff. N.Z. Illustrated Magazine March 1902 : 463-467. See also Shirley Baker letter of 11 February, 1886. 5. Maori polity in the island of Rarotonga. Copy of original and endorsed "Waiwera". Journal of the Polynesian Society 3, 1894: 20-26. 6. Notes on political economy from the colonial point of view, by a New Zealand MISCELLANEOUS F. J. MOSS PAPERS colonist. London, MacMillan, 1897, lx, 204 p. (F. J. Moss author unless otherwise indicated). 7. School history of New Zealand, Auckland, H. Brett 1889 vii, 276 p. 1. Bundle of memoranda to Governor re Webb Report. B3 8. A month in Fiji by a recent visitor. 2. Rarotonga 18 January, 1892 to Lord Onslow (Draft) seeking higher salary as Melbourne, Samuel Mullins 1868. British Resident. B3 Reprint of articles published in the Otago Daily Times, 11, 16, 19, 21 Sept. 1868.

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9. A plan~e:s experi~nces in Fiji : being a concise account of the country, its present cond~twn and ~ts prospects as a field for mnigration. Auckland, James & Jones, 1870 64 p. 10. Que sont de venus les echantillons d'herbierrecueillis par Deschamps en 1793 Through atols and islands in the great South Sea. en Nouvelle-Caledonie. - Pendant Ie 2e voyage de Cook OU fut decouverte Ia Nou­ London, Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington 1889 XV, 317 p. velle-Caledonie, les botanistes Johan Forster et son fils Georg herboriserent du 11. A South Sea Island and its people. 13 au 23 septembre 1774 en Nouvelle-Caledonie, it Balade, recoltant 50 echantiI­ Fortnightly review 60, 1893 : 775-786. Ions qui furent acquis par Ie British Museum of Natural History it la vente Lambert, Also reprinted in Public Opim:on 15th December, 1893 : 752-753. en 1842, et dont quelques doubles sont conserves dans d'autres herbiers. L'expedition de d'Entrecastreaux a la recherche de La Perouse comprenait, comme botanistes, Jacques, Julien Hoton de Labillardiere, et Louis, Auguste Deschamps et, comme jardinier, Felix Delahaye (alias citoyen Lahaie puis M. de la Haie quand il devint jardinier de l'imperatrice Josephine it la Malmaison). Ils herboriserent it Balade du 13 avril au 9 mai 1793 et arriverent it Java Ie 29 octobre 1793 OU ils resterent plus ou moins prisonniers sur parole des Hollandais alors en guerre avec la France. Labillardiere rentra en 1795 sur un navire hollandais mais, entre temps, la Hollande etait devenue en guerre avec I' Angleterre si bien qu'il.fut capture par un navire anglais pres de Sainte-Helene. II coula au nord de l'Ecosse it la suite d'une voie d'eau et d'un incendie, rna is les collections de Labil­ lardiere furent sauvees et, it la demande de Sir Joseph Banks, ancien compagnon de Cook, rendues it leur proprietaire. Par Ia suite, l'herbier de Labillardiere fut achete par Webb et entra it l'herbier de Florence lorsque Webb lui Iegua ses col­ lections. 80 echantillons avaient ete recueillis en Nouvelle-Caledonie et permirent it Labillardiere de publier un NOIJae Caledoniae Tentanun. Lahaie rentra en France en 1797; les 160 echantillons qu'il avait recueillis en Nouvelle-Caledonie ainsi que son journal manuscrit sont conserves au Museum de Paris ayant ete achetes it Pirosin, libraire-antiquaire, Ie 16 aout 1879. Deschamps herborisa aussi en NouveIle-CaIedonie puis it Java pour Ie compte du Gouverneur hollandais, executant de remarquables dessins et redigeant un Catalogue des plantes de JaIJa et une Flore jaIJanaise restes inedits. Il ne rentra en France qu'en 1802 ; son herbier de 113 cartons et son journal qui n'a ete publie qu'en 1970, sont conserves it Saint-Orner ~ il renferme surtout des plantes de France et d'Europe. Que sont devenues ses recoltes en Nouvelle­ Caledonie ? Les hypotheses suivantes sont it envisager :

10 - Ou elles ont ete rapportees en Europe en 1795 en meme temps que celles de Labillardiere ; dans ce cas ont-elles ete rendues it ce dernier en meme temps que les siennes, peut-etre fusionnees avec eIles, et seraient alors it Florence sous Ie nom de celui-ci. 20 - Ont-elles ete conservees par les Anglais et devraient se trouver au Bri­ tish Museum? Je ne les ai pas vues. 30 - Sont-elles restees it Java it l'herbier de Buitenzorg (aujourd'hui Bogor) avec les recoltes que Deschamps avait faites it Java ? 40 - Ont-elles ete rapportees en France en 1802 par Deschamps et seraient­ elles dispersees dans son herbier conserve it Saint-Orner?

Andre GUILLAUMIN.

Don du Pasteur Rey-Lescure au Musee de Royan. - M. Ie Pasteur Philippe Rey-Lescure a rapporte de ses lointains sejours une belle collection d'objets pro­ venant de la Nouvelle-CaIedonie et de Tahiti qu'il a eu l'amabilite d'offrir au Musee de Royan. Le professeur Colle, conservateur du Musee, a voulu que les Royannais profitent Ie plus tot possible de cette collection et en a organise une exposition. En ce qui concerne la Nouvelle-Caledonie, elle comporte : un bambou grave, cinq petits crabes de verre, de la monnaie caledonienne en coquillages, une mar­ mite de menage en poterie et un vase de sacrifice, un crane de Melanesien, un mail-

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