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Vibration of Double Wishbone Suspension System

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Vibration of Double Wishbone Suspension System ISSN 2319-8885 Volume.08, Jan-Dec-2019, Pages:443-446 www.ijsetr.com Vibration of Double Wishbone Suspension System 1 2 3 MYINT MYINT THWE , NANG SEIN MYA , CHO CHO KHAING 1Dept of Mechanical Engineering, West Yangon Technological University, Myanmar, Email: [email protected]. 2Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University, Myeik, Myanmar, Email: [email protected]. 3Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University, Magway, Myanmar, Email: [email protected]. Abstract: The suspensions are used in vehicle to support weight of vehicle body and to isolate the vehicle chassis from road disturbance. There are various types of suspension system. In this paper is represented the double wishbone suspension system used in Toyota Double Cab (Hilux). This paper provides the general aspect road vehicle suspension dynamics and design the spring, damper (shock absorber), control arms. Mathematical modeling of the double wishbone suspension system used in Toyota Double Cab (Hilux) is presented by AutoCAD software. And then design for spring behavior in vehicle such as rolling, pitching in suspension system are presented. The main point of this paper is to calculate the amplitude of vehicle which is the most important of vibration. The amplitude of vehicle is carried out for fully load and empty load. Keywords: Spring Stiffness, Damping Constant, Damping Factor, Amplitude, Natural Frequency. I. INTRODUCTION The coil spring and the short absorber mounted to the Today all automotive industries are demanding more wishbones provide to control the vertical movement. For rear efficient vehicle, such like vehicle must be light weight, high suspension, make them H-shaped in plan view. durability, less expensive and good ride qualities. Suspension system is one of the most important and basic systems in a vehicle. The major purpose of any vehicle suspension system is to maximize the friction between the road surface and the tires to provide the stability steering and handling of the vehicle. To achieve the stability and rides comfort, there were important principles must be resolved which is road isolation, road handling and concerning. In the front, the wheels were mounted to the axle ends and the axle was rotated at the center to provide steering. The first springs Fig1. Double wishbone suspension system. consisted of thin layers of narrow pieces of strips steel stacked together in an elliptical shape and were called leaf The main components of Double Wishbone suspension springs. In late installation, leaf springs were replaced by system are implemented. The components are spring, shock coil springs. Suspension is the definition given to the system absorber, upper arm, lower arm, chasis and knuckle. of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that joints a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems allow dual purpose contributing to the vehicle’s road holding, handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations, etc. Double Wishbone suspension system is little difficult and most commonly used suspension systems globally in passenger cars, especially luxurious cars. II. MAIN COMPONENTS OF DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION SYSTEM Double Wishbone Suspension is mostly used in front wheel of the modern passenger cars. Double Wishbone Suspension can also call “Double A-arm”. Each arm has two Fig2 (a) Spring, (b) Lower arm, (c) Shock absorber, (d) mounting points to the chassis and one joint at the knuckle. Upper arm. Copyright @ 2019 IJSETR. All rights reserved. MYINT MYINT THWE, NANG SEIN MYA, CHO CHO KHAING III. VIBRATION ANALYSIS PROCEDURE B. Equivalent Spring Stiffness and Damping Coefficient A vibratory system is a combination of element which are A spring is a type of mechanical link. The most common able to sustain period motion. In mechanical systems these type of sprig is the helical-coil spring used in Double elements can be divided into three types, Wishbone Suspension System. In many practical mass or inertia element applications, several linear springs are used in combination. spring or elastic element These springs can be combined into a single equivalent resistor or damping element spring. Spring ks and ks are parallel. So, A vibratory system, in general, includes a means for keq1 = ks + ks (1) storing potential energy (spring or elasticity), a means for keq2 = kt + kt (2) storing kinetic energy (mass or inertia), and means by which keq = keq1 + keq2 (3) energy is gradually lost (damper). A vibratory system is a dynamic one for which the variables such as the excitations Then, Damping coefficient c1 and c1 are parallel. (inputs) and responses (outputs) are time dependent. The response of a vibrating system generally depends on the ceq = c1 + c1 (4) initial conditions as well as the external excitations. Thus the This system is one degree of freedom system. analysis of a vibrating system usually involves mathematical modeling, derivation of the governing equations, solution of IV. DESIGN PROCEDURE OF DOUBLE WISHBONE the equations and interpretation of the results. SUSPENSION SYSTEM The required parameters for double wishbone suspension A. Mathematical Modeling of Double Wishbone system are taken from Toyota Double Cab (Hilux) and Suspension System design specifications are as follow. The purpose of mathematical modeling is to represent all Spring inner diameter, Di = 76.87 mm the important features of the system for the purpose of Spring outer diameter, Do = 90.87 mm deriving the mathematical equations governing the behavior Wire diameter, do = 14mm of the system. The mathematical model may be linear or Number of coil, n = 10 coils nonlinear, depending on the behavior of the components of Total length of spring, L = 233 mm the system. Modulus of rigidity, G = 72 GPa (ASTM A 227) Type of tire = 15”w/255/70 R 15 m + m v r Kerb weight = 1900 kg ks Gross vehicle weight = 2940kg c1 ks c1 To find the spring stiffness go to basics i.e. (spring m w stiffness) X (displacement) = Force applied. Coil spring stiffness can be calculated by the following equation. kt kt Spring stiffness, ks= (5) mv + mr D = mean diameter of coils D = (6) keq1 ceq mv + mr + mw A. Fully Load of Double Wishbone Suspension System mw Sometimes the base or support of a spring mass damper keq ceq system undergoes harmonic motion. Let y(t) denote the k eq2 displacement of the base and x(t) the displacement of the mass from its static equilibrium position at time t. Fig3. Mathematical Model of DWS system. Where, mv = mass of vehicle mr = mass of rider mw = mass of wheel ks = spring stiffness of suspension kt = spring stiffness of tire keq1 = equivalent spring stiffness of spring keq = equivalent spring stiffness Fig4. Vehicle moving a rough road at fully load. c1 = damping coefficient of shock absorber Weight distribution = 62/38 (front/rear) ceq = equivalent damping coefficient of shock absorber 100% = 2940 kg International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.08, Jan-Dec-2019, Pages: 443-446 Vibration of Double Wishbone Suspension System 62% = 1822.8 kg (for front wheel) 5527.74 N/cm and a damping ratio of = 0.5. The road Mass of fully load = 1822.8kg surface varies sinusoidally with an amplitude of Y=15cm Type of tire = 15”w/255/70 R 15 and a wave length of 100m. If the vehicle speed is 30km/hr, kt = 22.2kg/mm = 217782N/m Period, = (14) keq = 2ks +2kt = 5527.74N/cm Figure 5. shows a simple model of a motor vehicle while Frequency, = (15) traveling over a rough road. The vehicle has a mass of 1822.8kg. The suspension system has a spring constant of Natural frequency, = (16) 5527.74 N/cm and a damping ratio of = 0.5. The road n surface varies sinusoidally with an amplitude of Y=15cm and a wave length of 100m. If the vehicle speed is 30km/hr, r = (17) Period, = (7) = (18) Frequency, = (8) (19) Natural frequency, n = (9) (20) r = (10) Table 1. Vibrational Result data of Automobile (Fully Load) = (11) (12) (13) B. Empty Load of Double Wishbone Suspension System Sometimes the base or support of a spring mass damper system undergoes harmonic motion. Let y(t) denote the displacement of the base and x(t) the displacement of the mass from its static equilibrium position at time t. x=Xsin t mv + mr + mw Table 2. Vibrational Result data of Automobile (Empty Load) keq ceq y=Ysin t Fig5. Vehicle moving a rough road at empty load. Weight distribution = 62/38 (front/rear) 100% = 1900 kg 62% = 1178 kg (for front wheel) Mass of empty load = 1196kg Type of tire = 15”w/255/70 R 15 kt = 22.2kg/mm = 217782N/m keq = 2ks +2kt = 5527.74N/cm V. CONCLUSION The suspension system is the more significant parts which Figure 5. shows a simple model of a motor vehicle while heavily affect the vehicle handling performances and ride traveling over a rough road. The vehicle has a mass of quality. Double Wishbone Suspension is mostly used in front 1178kg. The suspension system has a spring constant of wheel of the modern passenger cars. This paper is described International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.08, Jan-Dec-2019, Pages: 443-446 MYINT MYINT THWE, NANG SEIN MYA, CHO CHO KHAING about the process of double wishbone suspension system. Vibration and resistance of suspension system depends on the road conditions are mainly calculated. The amplitude of vehicle is carried out for fully load and empty load. There are two types of suspension system; independent and un- independent suspension system. In these, independent suspension system is better than un-independent suspension system because it can give more comfort. VI. REFERENCES [1] SINGIRESU S.RAO, Mechanical Vibration, 5th Edition, 2011, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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